Add type declarations for glyph_api.py

[mattpap]

Given limitations of Python's typing (e.g. no conditional and mapped types, no type extractors), then there will be a lot of duplication necessary to finalize this. A redesign of model type declarations may also be necessary, because typing of **kwargs has to be done using Unpack[] which only supports TypedDict.

fixes #14254

[bryevdv]

BTW I think this is valuable enough that it is fine to do in stages, in order to get into users' hands sooner. Even having what is here plus types for just the coordinates would be a very useful addition on its own.

A redesign of model type declarations may also be necessary, because typing of **kwargs has to be done using Unpack[] which only supports TypedDict.

I still think generating the types with a script and checking in the results in a semi-automated fashion would be fine in the short term.

[mattpap]

This should be good enough for the first iteration, though further refinements will be required (e.g. ndarray types and shapes). I added FloatSpec and deprecated accept_* arguments in NumberSpec to simplify the mapping from properties to types.

[bryevdv]

One comment otherwise LGTM

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