Moto is a library that allows your tests to easily mock out AWS Services.
Imagine you have the following python code that you want to test:
import boto3
class MyModel(object):
def __init__(self, name, value):
self.name = name
self.value = value
def save(self):
s3 = boto3.client('s3', region_name='us-east-1')
s3.put_object(Bucket='mybucket', Key=self.name, Body=self.value)Take a minute to think how you would have tested that in the past.
Now see how you could test it with Moto:
import boto3
from moto import mock_s3
from mymodule import MyModel
@mock_s3
def test_my_model_save():
conn = boto3.resource('s3', region_name='us-east-1')
# We need to create the bucket since this is all in Moto's 'virtual' AWS account
conn.create_bucket(Bucket='mybucket')
model_instance = MyModel('steve', 'is awesome')
model_instance.save()
body = conn.Object('mybucket', 'steve').get()['Body'].read().decode("utf-8")
assert body == b'is awesome'With the decorator wrapping the test, all the calls to s3 are automatically mocked out. The mock keeps the state of the buckets and keys.
It gets even better! Moto isn't just for Python code and it isn't just for S3. Look at the standalone server mode for more information about running Moto with other languages. Here's the status of the other AWS services implemented:
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Service Name | Decorator | Development Status |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| ACM | @mock_acm | all endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| API Gateway | @mock_apigateway | core endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Autoscaling | @mock_autoscaling| core endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Cloudformation | @mock_cloudformation| core endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Cloudwatch | @mock_cloudwatch | basic endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| CloudwatchEvents | @mock_events | all endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Cognito Identity | @mock_cognitoidentity| basic endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Cognito Identity Provider | @mock_cognitoidp| basic endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Data Pipeline | @mock_datapipeline| basic endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| DynamoDB | @mock_dynamodb | core endpoints done |
| DynamoDB2 | @mock_dynamodb2 | all endpoints + partial indexes |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| EC2 | @mock_ec2 | core endpoints done |
| - AMI | | core endpoints done |
| - EBS | | core endpoints done |
| - Instances | | all endpoints done |
| - Security Groups | | core endpoints done |
| - Tags | | all endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| ECR | @mock_ecr | basic endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| ECS | @mock_ecs | basic endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| ELB | @mock_elb | core endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| ELBv2 | @mock_elbv2 | all endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| EMR | @mock_emr | core endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Glacier | @mock_glacier | core endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| IAM | @mock_iam | core endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| IoT | @mock_iot | core endpoints done |
| | @mock_iotdata | core endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Lambda | @mock_lambda | basic endpoints done, requires |
| | | docker |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Logs | @mock_logs | basic endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Kinesis | @mock_kinesis | core endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| KMS | @mock_kms | basic endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Polly | @mock_polly | all endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| RDS | @mock_rds | core endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| RDS2 | @mock_rds2 | core endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Redshift | @mock_redshift | core endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Route53 | @mock_route53 | core endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| S3 | @mock_s3 | core endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| SecretsManager | @mock_secretsmanager | basic endpoints done
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| SES | @mock_ses | all endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| SNS | @mock_sns | all endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| SQS | @mock_sqs | core endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| SSM | @mock_ssm | core endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| STS | @mock_sts | core endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| SWF | @mock_swf | basic endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| X-Ray | @mock_xray | all endpoints done |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|For a full list of endpoint implementation coverage
Imagine you have a function that you use to launch new ec2 instances:
import boto3
def add_servers(ami_id, count):
client = boto3.client('ec2', region_name='us-west-1')
client.run_instances(ImageId=ami_id, MinCount=count, MaxCount=count)To test it:
from . import add_servers
from moto import mock_ec2
@mock_ec2
def test_add_servers():
add_servers('ami-1234abcd', 2)
client = boto3.client('ec2', region_name='us-west-1')
instances = client.describe_instances()['Reservations'][0]['Instances']
assert len(instances) == 2
instance1 = instances[0]
assert instance1['ImageId'] == 'ami-1234abcd'moto 1.0.X mock decorators are defined for boto3 and do not work with boto2. Use the @mock_AWSSVC_deprecated to work with boto2.
Using moto with boto2
from moto import mock_ec2_deprecated
import boto
@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_something_with_ec2():
ec2_conn = boto.ec2.connect_to_region('us-east-1')
ec2_conn.get_only_instances(instance_ids='i-123456')When using both boto2 and boto3, one can do this to avoid confusion:
from moto import mock_ec2_deprecated as mock_ec2_b2
from moto import mock_ec2All of the services can be used as a decorator, context manager, or in a raw form.
@mock_s3
def test_my_model_save():
# Create Bucket so that test can run
conn = boto3.resource('s3', region_name='us-east-1')
conn.create_bucket(Bucket='mybucket')
model_instance = MyModel('steve', 'is awesome')
model_instance.save()
body = conn.Object('mybucket', 'steve').get()['Body'].read().decode()
assert body == 'is awesome'def test_my_model_save():
with mock_s3():
conn = boto3.resource('s3', region_name='us-east-1')
conn.create_bucket(Bucket='mybucket')
model_instance = MyModel('steve', 'is awesome')
model_instance.save()
body = conn.Object('mybucket', 'steve').get()['Body'].read().decode()
assert body == 'is awesome'def test_my_model_save():
mock = mock_s3()
mock.start()
conn = boto3.resource('s3', region_name='us-east-1')
conn.create_bucket(Bucket='mybucket')
model_instance = MyModel('steve', 'is awesome')
model_instance.save()
assert conn.Object('mybucket', 'steve').get()['Body'].read().decode() == 'is awesome'
mock.stop()Moto also has a stand-alone server mode. This allows you to utilize the backend structure of Moto even if you don't use Python.
It uses flask, which isn't a default dependency. You can install the server 'extra' package with:
pip install moto[server]You can then start it running a service:
$ moto_server ec2
* Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000/You can also pass the port:
$ moto_server ec2 -p3000
* Running on http://127.0.0.1:3000/If you want to be able to use the server externally you can pass an IP address to bind to as a hostname or allow any of your external interfaces with 0.0.0.0:
$ moto_server ec2 -H 0.0.0.0
* Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/Please be aware this might allow other network users to access your server.
Then go to localhost to see a list of running instances (it will be empty since you haven't added any yet).
If you want to use boto with this (using the simpler decorators above instead is strongly encouraged), the easiest way is to create a boto config file (~/.boto) with the following values:
[Boto]
is_secure = False
https_validate_certificates = False
proxy_port = 5000
proxy = 127.0.0.1
If you want to use boto3 with this, you can pass an endpoint_url to the resource
boto3.resource(
service_name='s3',
region_name='us-west-1',
endpoint_url='http://localhost:5000',
)$ pip install moto