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diff --git a/backbone/index.js b/backbone/index.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 618cfc1..0000000
--- a/backbone/index.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-module.exports = require('./backbone');
diff --git a/backbone/lib/backbone.js b/backbone/lib/backbone.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 0dbc34b..0000000
--- a/backbone/lib/backbone.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1149 +0,0 @@
-// Backbone.js 0.5.1
-// (c) 2010 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc.
-// Backbone may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
-// For all details and documentation:
-// http://documentcloud.github.com/backbone
-
-(function(){
-
- // Initial Setup
- // -------------
-
- // Save a reference to the global object.
- var root = this;
-
- // Save the previous value of the `Backbone` variable.
- var previousBackbone = root.Backbone;
-
- // The top-level namespace. All public Backbone classes and modules will
- // be attached to this. Exported for both CommonJS and the browser.
- var Backbone;
- if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
- Backbone = exports;
- } else {
- Backbone = root.Backbone = {};
- }
-
- // Current version of the library. Keep in sync with `package.json`.
- Backbone.VERSION = '0.5.1';
-
- // Require Underscore, if we're on the server, and it's not already present.
- var _ = root._;
- if (!_ && (typeof require !== 'undefined')) _ = require('underscore')._;
-
- // For Backbone's purposes, jQuery or Zepto owns the `$` variable.
- var $ = root.jQuery || root.Zepto;
-
- // Runs Backbone.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `Backbone` variable
- // to its previous owner. Returns a reference to this Backbone object.
- Backbone.noConflict = function() {
- root.Backbone = previousBackbone;
- return this;
- };
-
- // Turn on `emulateHTTP` to use support legacy HTTP servers. Setting this option will
- // fake `"PUT"` and `"DELETE"` requests via the `_method` parameter and set a
- // `X-Http-Method-Override` header.
- Backbone.emulateHTTP = false;
-
- // Turn on `emulateJSON` to support legacy servers that can't deal with direct
- // `application/json` requests ... will encode the body as
- // `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead and will send the model in a
- // form param named `model`.
- Backbone.emulateJSON = false;
-
- // Backbone.Events
- // -----------------
-
- // A module that can be mixed in to *any object* in order to provide it with
- // custom events. You may `bind` or `unbind` a callback function to an event;
- // `trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in succession.
- //
- // var object = {};
- // _.extend(object, Backbone.Events);
- // object.bind('expand', function(){ alert('expanded'); });
- // object.trigger('expand');
- //
- Backbone.Events = {
-
- // Bind an event, specified by a string name, `ev`, to a `callback` function.
- // Passing `"all"` will bind the callback to all events fired.
- bind : function(ev, callback) {
- var calls = this._callbacks || (this._callbacks = {});
- var list = calls[ev] || (calls[ev] = []);
- list.push(callback);
- return this;
- },
-
- // Remove one or many callbacks. If `callback` is null, removes all
- // callbacks for the event. If `ev` is null, removes all bound callbacks
- // for all events.
- unbind : function(ev, callback) {
- var calls;
- if (!ev) {
- this._callbacks = {};
- } else if (calls = this._callbacks) {
- if (!callback) {
- calls[ev] = [];
- } else {
- var list = calls[ev];
- if (!list) return this;
- for (var i = 0, l = list.length; i < l; i++) {
- if (callback === list[i]) {
- list[i] = null;
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- }
- return this;
- },
-
- // Trigger an event, firing all bound callbacks. Callbacks are passed the
- // same arguments as `trigger` is, apart from the event name.
- // Listening for `"all"` passes the true event name as the first argument.
- trigger : function(eventName) {
- var list, calls, ev, callback, args;
- var both = 2;
- if (!(calls = this._callbacks)) return this;
- while (both--) {
- ev = both ? eventName : 'all';
- if (list = calls[ev]) {
- for (var i = 0, l = list.length; i < l; i++) {
- if (!(callback = list[i])) {
- list.splice(i, 1); i--; l--;
- } else {
- args = both ? Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1) : arguments;
- callback.apply(this, args);
- }
- }
- }
- }
- return this;
- }
-
- };
-
- // Backbone.Model
- // --------------
-
- // Create a new model, with defined attributes. A client id (`cid`)
- // is automatically generated and assigned for you.
- Backbone.Model = function(attributes, options) {
- var defaults;
- attributes || (attributes = {});
- if (defaults = this.defaults) {
- if (_.isFunction(defaults)) defaults = defaults();
- attributes = _.extend({}, defaults, attributes);
- }
- this.attributes = {};
- this._escapedAttributes = {};
- this.cid = _.uniqueId('c');
- this.set(attributes, {silent : true});
- this._changed = false;
- this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes);
- if (options && options.collection) this.collection = options.collection;
- this.initialize(attributes, options);
- };
-
- // Attach all inheritable methods to the Model prototype.
- _.extend(Backbone.Model.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
-
- // A snapshot of the model's previous attributes, taken immediately
- // after the last `"change"` event was fired.
- _previousAttributes : null,
-
- // Has the item been changed since the last `"change"` event?
- _changed : false,
-
- // The default name for the JSON `id` attribute is `"id"`. MongoDB and
- // CouchDB users may want to set this to `"_id"`.
- idAttribute : 'id',
-
- // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
- // initialization logic.
- initialize : function(){},
-
- // Return a copy of the model's `attributes` object.
- toJSON : function() {
- return _.clone(this.attributes);
- },
-
- // Get the value of an attribute.
- get : function(attr) {
- return this.attributes[attr];
- },
-
- // Get the HTML-escaped value of an attribute.
- escape : function(attr) {
- var html;
- if (html = this._escapedAttributes[attr]) return html;
- var val = this.attributes[attr];
- return this._escapedAttributes[attr] = escapeHTML(val == null ? '' : '' + val);
- },
-
- // Returns `true` if the attribute contains a value that is not null
- // or undefined.
- has : function(attr) {
- return this.attributes[attr] != null;
- },
-
- // Set a hash of model attributes on the object, firing `"change"` unless you
- // choose to silence it.
- set : function(attrs, options) {
-
- // Extract attributes and options.
- options || (options = {});
- if (!attrs) return this;
- if (attrs.attributes) attrs = attrs.attributes;
- var now = this.attributes, escaped = this._escapedAttributes;
-
- // Run validation.
- if (!options.silent && this.validate && !this._performValidation(attrs, options)) return false;
-
- // Check for changes of `id`.
- if (this.idAttribute in attrs) this.id = attrs[this.idAttribute];
-
- // We're about to start triggering change events.
- var alreadyChanging = this._changing;
- this._changing = true;
-
- // Update attributes.
- for (var attr in attrs) {
- var val = attrs[attr];
- if (!_.isEqual(now[attr], val)) {
- now[attr] = val;
- delete escaped[attr];
- this._changed = true;
- if (!options.silent) this.trigger('change:' + attr, this, val, options);
- }
- }
-
- // Fire the `"change"` event, if the model has been changed.
- if (!alreadyChanging && !options.silent && this._changed) this.change(options);
- this._changing = false;
- return this;
- },
-
- // Remove an attribute from the model, firing `"change"` unless you choose
- // to silence it. `unset` is a noop if the attribute doesn't exist.
- unset : function(attr, options) {
- if (!(attr in this.attributes)) return this;
- options || (options = {});
- var value = this.attributes[attr];
-
- // Run validation.
- var validObj = {};
- validObj[attr] = void 0;
- if (!options.silent && this.validate && !this._performValidation(validObj, options)) return false;
-
- // Remove the attribute.
- delete this.attributes[attr];
- delete this._escapedAttributes[attr];
- if (attr == this.idAttribute) delete this.id;
- this._changed = true;
- if (!options.silent) {
- this.trigger('change:' + attr, this, void 0, options);
- this.change(options);
- }
- return this;
- },
-
- // Clear all attributes on the model, firing `"change"` unless you choose
- // to silence it.
- clear : function(options) {
- options || (options = {});
- var attr;
- var old = this.attributes;
-
- // Run validation.
- var validObj = {};
- for (attr in old) validObj[attr] = void 0;
- if (!options.silent && this.validate && !this._performValidation(validObj, options)) return false;
-
- this.attributes = {};
- this._escapedAttributes = {};
- this._changed = true;
- if (!options.silent) {
- for (attr in old) {
- this.trigger('change:' + attr, this, void 0, options);
- }
- this.change(options);
- }
- return this;
- },
-
- // Fetch the model from the server. If the server's representation of the
- // model differs from its current attributes, they will be overriden,
- // triggering a `"change"` event.
- fetch : function(options) {
- options || (options = {});
- var model = this;
- var success = options.success;
- options.success = function(resp, status, xhr) {
- if (!model.set(model.parse(resp, xhr), options)) return false;
- if (success) success(model, resp);
- };
- options.error = wrapError(options.error, model, options);
- return (this.sync || Backbone.sync).call(this, 'read', this, options);
- },
-
- // Set a hash of model attributes, and sync the model to the server.
- // If the server returns an attributes hash that differs, the model's
- // state will be `set` again.
- save : function(attrs, options) {
- options || (options = {});
- if (attrs && !this.set(attrs, options)) return false;
- var model = this;
- var success = options.success;
- options.success = function(resp, status, xhr) {
- if (!model.set(model.parse(resp, xhr), options)) return false;
- if (success) success(model, resp, xhr);
- };
- options.error = wrapError(options.error, model, options);
- var method = this.isNew() ? 'create' : 'update';
- return (this.sync || Backbone.sync).call(this, method, this, options);
- },
-
- // Destroy this model on the server if it was already persisted. Upon success, the model is removed
- // from its collection, if it has one.
- destroy : function(options) {
- options || (options = {});
- if (this.isNew()) return this.trigger('destroy', this, this.collection, options);
- var model = this;
- var success = options.success;
- options.success = function(resp) {
- model.trigger('destroy', model, model.collection, options);
- if (success) success(model, resp);
- };
- options.error = wrapError(options.error, model, options);
- return (this.sync || Backbone.sync).call(this, 'delete', this, options);
- },
-
- // Default URL for the model's representation on the server -- if you're
- // using Backbone's restful methods, override this to change the endpoint
- // that will be called.
- url : function() {
- var base = getUrl(this.collection) || this.urlRoot || urlError();
- if (this.isNew()) return base;
- return base + (base.charAt(base.length - 1) == '/' ? '' : '/') + encodeURIComponent(this.id);
- },
-
- // **parse** converts a response into the hash of attributes to be `set` on
- // the model. The default implementation is just to pass the response along.
- parse : function(resp, xhr) {
- return resp;
- },
-
- // Create a new model with identical attributes to this one.
- clone : function() {
- return new this.constructor(this);
- },
-
- // A model is new if it has never been saved to the server, and lacks an id.
- isNew : function() {
- return this.id == null;
- },
-
- // Call this method to manually fire a `change` event for this model.
- // Calling this will cause all objects observing the model to update.
- change : function(options) {
- this.trigger('change', this, options);
- this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes);
- this._changed = false;
- },
-
- // Determine if the model has changed since the last `"change"` event.
- // If you specify an attribute name, determine if that attribute has changed.
- hasChanged : function(attr) {
- if (attr) return this._previousAttributes[attr] != this.attributes[attr];
- return this._changed;
- },
-
- // Return an object containing all the attributes that have changed, or false
- // if there are no changed attributes. Useful for determining what parts of a
- // view need to be updated and/or what attributes need to be persisted to
- // the server.
- changedAttributes : function(now) {
- now || (now = this.attributes);
- var old = this._previousAttributes;
- var changed = false;
- for (var attr in now) {
- if (!_.isEqual(old[attr], now[attr])) {
- changed = changed || {};
- changed[attr] = now[attr];
- }
- }
- return changed;
- },
-
- // Get the previous value of an attribute, recorded at the time the last
- // `"change"` event was fired.
- previous : function(attr) {
- if (!attr || !this._previousAttributes) return null;
- return this._previousAttributes[attr];
- },
-
- // Get all of the attributes of the model at the time of the previous
- // `"change"` event.
- previousAttributes : function() {
- return _.clone(this._previousAttributes);
- },
-
- // Run validation against a set of incoming attributes, returning `true`
- // if all is well. If a specific `error` callback has been passed,
- // call that instead of firing the general `"error"` event.
- _performValidation : function(attrs, options) {
- var error = this.validate(attrs);
- if (error) {
- if (options.error) {
- options.error(this, error, options);
- } else {
- this.trigger('error', this, error, options);
- }
- return false;
- }
- return true;
- }
-
- });
-
- // Backbone.Collection
- // -------------------
-
- // Provides a standard collection class for our sets of models, ordered
- // or unordered. If a `comparator` is specified, the Collection will maintain
- // its models in sort order, as they're added and removed.
- Backbone.Collection = function(models, options) {
- options || (options = {});
- if (options.comparator) this.comparator = options.comparator;
- _.bindAll(this, '_onModelEvent', '_removeReference');
- this._reset();
- if (models) this.reset(models, {silent: true});
- this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
- };
-
- // Define the Collection's inheritable methods.
- _.extend(Backbone.Collection.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
-
- // The default model for a collection is just a **Backbone.Model**.
- // This should be overridden in most cases.
- model : Backbone.Model,
-
- // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
- // initialization logic.
- initialize : function(){},
-
- // The JSON representation of a Collection is an array of the
- // models' attributes.
- toJSON : function() {
- return this.map(function(model){ return model.toJSON(); });
- },
-
- // Add a model, or list of models to the set. Pass **silent** to avoid
- // firing the `added` event for every new model.
- add : function(models, options) {
- if (_.isArray(models)) {
- for (var i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) {
- this._add(models[i], options);
- }
- } else {
- this._add(models, options);
- }
- return this;
- },
-
- // Remove a model, or a list of models from the set. Pass silent to avoid
- // firing the `removed` event for every model removed.
- remove : function(models, options) {
- if (_.isArray(models)) {
- for (var i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) {
- this._remove(models[i], options);
- }
- } else {
- this._remove(models, options);
- }
- return this;
- },
-
- // Get a model from the set by id.
- get : function(id) {
- if (id == null) return null;
- return this._byId[id.id != null ? id.id : id];
- },
-
- // Get a model from the set by client id.
- getByCid : function(cid) {
- return cid && this._byCid[cid.cid || cid];
- },
-
- // Get the model at the given index.
- at: function(index) {
- return this.models[index];
- },
-
- // Force the collection to re-sort itself. You don't need to call this under normal
- // circumstances, as the set will maintain sort order as each item is added.
- sort : function(options) {
- options || (options = {});
- if (!this.comparator) throw new Error('Cannot sort a set without a comparator');
- this.models = this.sortBy(this.comparator);
- if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options);
- return this;
- },
-
- // Pluck an attribute from each model in the collection.
- pluck : function(attr) {
- return _.map(this.models, function(model){ return model.get(attr); });
- },
-
- // When you have more items than you want to add or remove individually,
- // you can reset the entire set with a new list of models, without firing
- // any `added` or `removed` events. Fires `reset` when finished.
- reset : function(models, options) {
- models || (models = []);
- options || (options = {});
- this.each(this._removeReference);
- this._reset();
- this.add(models, {silent: true});
- if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options);
- return this;
- },
-
- // Fetch the default set of models for this collection, resetting the
- // collection when they arrive. If `add: true` is passed, appends the
- // models to the collection instead of resetting.
- fetch : function(options) {
- options || (options = {});
- var collection = this;
- var success = options.success;
- options.success = function(resp, status, xhr) {
- collection[options.add ? 'add' : 'reset'](collection.parse(resp, xhr), options);
- if (success) success(collection, resp);
- };
- options.error = wrapError(options.error, collection, options);
- return (this.sync || Backbone.sync).call(this, 'read', this, options);
- },
-
- // Create a new instance of a model in this collection. After the model
- // has been created on the server, it will be added to the collection.
- // Returns the model, or 'false' if validation on a new model fails.
- create : function(model, options) {
- var coll = this;
- options || (options = {});
- model = this._prepareModel(model, options);
- if (!model) return false;
- var success = options.success;
- options.success = function(nextModel, resp, xhr) {
- coll.add(nextModel, options);
- if (success) success(nextModel, resp, xhr);
- };
- model.save(null, options);
- return model;
- },
-
- // **parse** converts a response into a list of models to be added to the
- // collection. The default implementation is just to pass it through.
- parse : function(resp, xhr) {
- return resp;
- },
-
- // Proxy to _'s chain. Can't be proxied the same way the rest of the
- // underscore methods are proxied because it relies on the underscore
- // constructor.
- chain: function () {
- return _(this.models).chain();
- },
-
- // Reset all internal state. Called when the collection is reset.
- _reset : function(options) {
- this.length = 0;
- this.models = [];
- this._byId = {};
- this._byCid = {};
- },
-
- // Prepare a model to be added to this collection
- _prepareModel: function(model, options) {
- if (!(model instanceof Backbone.Model)) {
- var attrs = model;
- model = new this.model(attrs, {collection: this});
- if (model.validate && !model._performValidation(attrs, options)) model = false;
- } else if (!model.collection) {
- model.collection = this;
- }
- return model;
- },
-
- // Internal implementation of adding a single model to the set, updating
- // hash indexes for `id` and `cid` lookups.
- // Returns the model, or 'false' if validation on a new model fails.
- _add : function(model, options) {
- options || (options = {});
- model = this._prepareModel(model, options);
- if (!model) return false;
- var already = this.getByCid(model);
- if (already) throw new Error(["Can't add the same model to a set twice", already.id]);
- this._byId[model.id] = model;
- this._byCid[model.cid] = model;
- var index = options.at != null ? options.at :
- this.comparator ? this.sortedIndex(model, this.comparator) :
- this.length;
- this.models.splice(index, 0, model);
- model.bind('all', this._onModelEvent);
- this.length++;
- if (!options.silent) model.trigger('add', model, this, options);
- return model;
- },
-
- // Internal implementation of removing a single model from the set, updating
- // hash indexes for `id` and `cid` lookups.
- _remove : function(model, options) {
- options || (options = {});
- model = this.getByCid(model) || this.get(model);
- if (!model) return null;
- delete this._byId[model.id];
- delete this._byCid[model.cid];
- this.models.splice(this.indexOf(model), 1);
- this.length--;
- if (!options.silent) model.trigger('remove', model, this, options);
- this._removeReference(model);
- return model;
- },
-
- // Internal method to remove a model's ties to a collection.
- _removeReference : function(model) {
- if (this == model.collection) {
- delete model.collection;
- }
- model.unbind('all', this._onModelEvent);
- },
-
- // Internal method called every time a model in the set fires an event.
- // Sets need to update their indexes when models change ids. All other
- // events simply proxy through. "add" and "remove" events that originate
- // in other collections are ignored.
- _onModelEvent : function(ev, model, collection, options) {
- if ((ev == 'add' || ev == 'remove') && collection != this) return;
- if (ev == 'destroy') {
- this._remove(model, options);
- }
- if (model && ev === 'change:' + model.idAttribute) {
- delete this._byId[model.previous(model.idAttribute)];
- this._byId[model.id] = model;
- }
- this.trigger.apply(this, arguments);
- }
-
- });
-
- // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Collection.
- var methods = ['forEach', 'each', 'map', 'reduce', 'reduceRight', 'find', 'detect',
- 'filter', 'select', 'reject', 'every', 'all', 'some', 'any', 'include',
- 'contains', 'invoke', 'max', 'min', 'sortBy', 'sortedIndex', 'toArray', 'size',
- 'first', 'rest', 'last', 'without', 'indexOf', 'lastIndexOf', 'isEmpty'];
-
- // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Collection#models`.
- _.each(methods, function(method) {
- Backbone.Collection.prototype[method] = function() {
- return _[method].apply(_, [this.models].concat(_.toArray(arguments)));
- };
- });
-
- // Backbone.Router
- // -------------------
-
- // Routers map faux-URLs to actions, and fire events when routes are
- // matched. Creating a new one sets its `routes` hash, if not set statically.
- Backbone.Router = function(options) {
- options || (options = {});
- if (options.routes) this.routes = options.routes;
- this._bindRoutes();
- this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
- };
-
- // Cached regular expressions for matching named param parts and splatted
- // parts of route strings.
- var namedParam = /:([\w\d]+)/g;
- var splatParam = /\*([\w\d]+)/g;
- var escapeRegExp = /[-[\]{}()+?.,\\^$|#\s]/g;
-
- // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.Router** properties and methods.
- _.extend(Backbone.Router.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
-
- // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
- // initialization logic.
- initialize : function(){},
-
- // Manually bind a single named route to a callback. For example:
- //
- // this.route('search/:query/p:num', 'search', function(query, num) {
- // ...
- // });
- //
- route : function(route, name, callback) {
- Backbone.history || (Backbone.history = new Backbone.History);
- if (!_.isRegExp(route)) route = this._routeToRegExp(route);
- Backbone.history.route(route, _.bind(function(fragment) {
- var args = this._extractParameters(route, fragment);
- callback.apply(this, args);
- this.trigger.apply(this, ['route:' + name].concat(args));
- }, this));
- },
-
- // Simple proxy to `Backbone.history` to save a fragment into the history.
- navigate : function(fragment, triggerRoute) {
- Backbone.history.navigate(fragment, triggerRoute);
- },
-
- // Bind all defined routes to `Backbone.history`. We have to reverse the
- // order of the routes here to support behavior where the most general
- // routes can be defined at the bottom of the route map.
- _bindRoutes : function() {
- if (!this.routes) return;
- var routes = [];
- for (var route in this.routes) {
- routes.unshift([route, this.routes[route]]);
- }
- for (var i = 0, l = routes.length; i < l; i++) {
- this.route(routes[i][0], routes[i][1], this[routes[i][1]]);
- }
- },
-
- // Convert a route string into a regular expression, suitable for matching
- // against the current location hash.
- _routeToRegExp : function(route) {
- route = route.replace(escapeRegExp, "\\$&")
- .replace(namedParam, "([^\/]*)")
- .replace(splatParam, "(.*?)");
- return new RegExp('^' + route + '$');
- },
-
- // Given a route, and a URL fragment that it matches, return the array of
- // extracted parameters.
- _extractParameters : function(route, fragment) {
- return route.exec(fragment).slice(1);
- }
-
- });
-
- // Backbone.History
- // ----------------
-
- // Handles cross-browser history management, based on URL fragments. If the
- // browser does not support `onhashchange`, falls back to polling.
- Backbone.History = function() {
- this.handlers = [];
- _.bindAll(this, 'checkUrl');
- };
-
- // Cached regex for cleaning hashes.
- var hashStrip = /^#*/;
-
- // Cached regex for detecting MSIE.
- var isExplorer = /msie [\w.]+/;
-
- // Has the history handling already been started?
- var historyStarted = false;
-
- // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.History** properties and methods.
- _.extend(Backbone.History.prototype, {
-
- // The default interval to poll for hash changes, if necessary, is
- // twenty times a second.
- interval: 50,
-
- // Get the cross-browser normalized URL fragment, either from the URL,
- // the hash, or the override.
- getFragment : function(fragment, forcePushState) {
- if (fragment == null) {
- if (this._hasPushState || forcePushState) {
- fragment = window.location.pathname;
- var search = window.location.search;
- if (search) fragment += search;
- if (fragment.indexOf(this.options.root) == 0) fragment = fragment.substr(this.options.root.length);
- } else {
- fragment = window.location.hash;
- }
- }
- return fragment.replace(hashStrip, '');
- },
-
- // Start the hash change handling, returning `true` if the current URL matches
- // an existing route, and `false` otherwise.
- start : function(options) {
-
- // Figure out the initial configuration. Do we need an iframe?
- // Is pushState desired ... is it available?
- if (historyStarted) throw new Error("Backbone.history has already been started");
- this.options = _.extend({}, {root: '/'}, this.options, options);
- this._wantsPushState = !!this.options.pushState;
- this._hasPushState = !!(this.options.pushState && window.history && window.history.pushState);
- var fragment = this.getFragment();
- var docMode = document.documentMode;
- var oldIE = (isExplorer.exec(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase()) && (!docMode || docMode <= 7));
- if (oldIE) {
- this.iframe = $('').hide().appendTo('body')[0].contentWindow;
- this.navigate(fragment);
- }
-
- // Depending on whether we're using pushState or hashes, and whether
- // 'onhashchange' is supported, determine how we check the URL state.
- if (this._hasPushState) {
- $(window).bind('popstate', this.checkUrl);
- } else if ('onhashchange' in window && !oldIE) {
- $(window).bind('hashchange', this.checkUrl);
- } else {
- setInterval(this.checkUrl, this.interval);
- }
-
- // Determine if we need to change the base url, for a pushState link
- // opened by a non-pushState browser.
- this.fragment = fragment;
- historyStarted = true;
- var loc = window.location;
- var atRoot = loc.pathname == this.options.root;
- if (this._wantsPushState && !this._hasPushState && !atRoot) {
- this.fragment = this.getFragment(null, true);
- window.location.replace(this.options.root + '#' + this.fragment);
- } else if (this._wantsPushState && this._hasPushState && atRoot && loc.hash) {
- this.fragment = loc.hash.replace(hashStrip, '');
- window.history.replaceState({}, document.title, loc.protocol + '//' + loc.host + this.options.root + this.fragment);
- }
- return this.loadUrl();
- },
-
- // Add a route to be tested when the fragment changes. Routes added later may
- // override previous routes.
- route : function(route, callback) {
- this.handlers.unshift({route : route, callback : callback});
- },
-
- // Checks the current URL to see if it has changed, and if it has,
- // calls `loadUrl`, normalizing across the hidden iframe.
- checkUrl : function(e) {
- var current = this.getFragment();
- if (current == this.fragment && this.iframe) current = this.getFragment(this.iframe.location.hash);
- if (current == this.fragment || current == decodeURIComponent(this.fragment)) return false;
- if (this.iframe) this.navigate(current);
- this.loadUrl() || this.loadUrl(window.location.hash);
- },
-
- // Attempt to load the current URL fragment. If a route succeeds with a
- // match, returns `true`. If no defined routes matches the fragment,
- // returns `false`.
- loadUrl : function(fragmentOverride) {
- var fragment = this.fragment = this.getFragment(fragmentOverride);
- var matched = _.any(this.handlers, function(handler) {
- if (handler.route.test(fragment)) {
- handler.callback(fragment);
- return true;
- }
- });
- return matched;
- },
-
- // Save a fragment into the hash history. You are responsible for properly
- // URL-encoding the fragment in advance. This does not trigger
- // a `hashchange` event.
- navigate : function(fragment, triggerRoute) {
- var frag = (fragment || '').replace(hashStrip, '');
- if (this.fragment == frag || this.fragment == decodeURIComponent(frag)) return;
- if (this._hasPushState) {
- var loc = window.location;
- if (frag.indexOf(this.options.root) != 0) frag = this.options.root + frag;
- this.fragment = frag;
- window.history.pushState({}, document.title, loc.protocol + '//' + loc.host + frag);
- } else {
- window.location.hash = this.fragment = frag;
- if (this.iframe && (frag != this.getFragment(this.iframe.location.hash))) {
- this.iframe.document.open().close();
- this.iframe.location.hash = frag;
- }
- }
- if (triggerRoute) this.loadUrl(fragment);
- }
-
- });
-
- // Backbone.View
- // -------------
-
- // Creating a Backbone.View creates its initial element outside of the DOM,
- // if an existing element is not provided...
- Backbone.View = function(options) {
- this.cid = _.uniqueId('view');
- this._configure(options || {});
- this._ensureElement();
- this.delegateEvents();
- this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
- };
-
- // Element lookup, scoped to DOM elements within the current view.
- // This should be prefered to global lookups, if you're dealing with
- // a specific view.
- var selectorDelegate = function(selector) {
- return $(selector, this.el);
- };
-
- // Cached regex to split keys for `delegate`.
- var eventSplitter = /^(\S+)\s*(.*)$/;
-
- // List of view options to be merged as properties.
- var viewOptions = ['model', 'collection', 'el', 'id', 'attributes', 'className', 'tagName'];
-
- // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.View** properties and methods.
- _.extend(Backbone.View.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
-
- // The default `tagName` of a View's element is `"div"`.
- tagName : 'div',
-
- // Attach the `selectorDelegate` function as the `$` property.
- $ : selectorDelegate,
-
- // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
- // initialization logic.
- initialize : function(){},
-
- // **render** is the core function that your view should override, in order
- // to populate its element (`this.el`), with the appropriate HTML. The
- // convention is for **render** to always return `this`.
- render : function() {
- return this;
- },
-
- // Remove this view from the DOM. Note that the view isn't present in the
- // DOM by default, so calling this method may be a no-op.
- remove : function() {
- $(this.el).remove();
- return this;
- },
-
- // For small amounts of DOM Elements, where a full-blown template isn't
- // needed, use **make** to manufacture elements, one at a time.
- //
- // var el = this.make('li', {'class': 'row'}, this.model.escape('title'));
- //
- make : function(tagName, attributes, content) {
- var el = document.createElement(tagName);
- if (attributes) $(el).attr(attributes);
- if (content) $(el).html(content);
- return el;
- },
-
- // Set callbacks, where `this.callbacks` is a hash of
- //
- // *{"event selector": "callback"}*
- //
- // {
- // 'mousedown .title': 'edit',
- // 'click .button': 'save'
- // }
- //
- // pairs. Callbacks will be bound to the view, with `this` set properly.
- // Uses event delegation for efficiency.
- // Omitting the selector binds the event to `this.el`.
- // This only works for delegate-able events: not `focus`, `blur`, and
- // not `change`, `submit`, and `reset` in Internet Explorer.
- delegateEvents : function(events) {
- if (!(events || (events = this.events))) return;
- $(this.el).unbind('.delegateEvents' + this.cid);
- for (var key in events) {
- var method = this[events[key]];
- if (!method) throw new Error('Event "' + events[key] + '" does not exist');
- var match = key.match(eventSplitter);
- var eventName = match[1], selector = match[2];
- method = _.bind(method, this);
- eventName += '.delegateEvents' + this.cid;
- if (selector === '') {
- $(this.el).bind(eventName, method);
- } else {
- $(this.el).delegate(selector, eventName, method);
- }
- }
- },
-
- // Performs the initial configuration of a View with a set of options.
- // Keys with special meaning *(model, collection, id, className)*, are
- // attached directly to the view.
- _configure : function(options) {
- if (this.options) options = _.extend({}, this.options, options);
- for (var i = 0, l = viewOptions.length; i < l; i++) {
- var attr = viewOptions[i];
- if (options[attr]) this[attr] = options[attr];
- }
- this.options = options;
- },
-
- // Ensure that the View has a DOM element to render into.
- // If `this.el` is a string, pass it through `$()`, take the first
- // matching element, and re-assign it to `el`. Otherwise, create
- // an element from the `id`, `className` and `tagName` proeprties.
- _ensureElement : function() {
- if (!this.el) {
- var attrs = this.attributes || {};
- if (this.id) attrs.id = this.id;
- if (this.className) attrs['class'] = this.className;
- this.el = this.make(this.tagName, attrs);
- } else if (_.isString(this.el)) {
- this.el = $(this.el).get(0);
- }
- }
-
- });
-
- // The self-propagating extend function that Backbone classes use.
- var extend = function (protoProps, classProps) {
- var child = inherits(this, protoProps, classProps);
- child.extend = this.extend;
- return child;
- };
-
- // Set up inheritance for the model, collection, and view.
- Backbone.Model.extend = Backbone.Collection.extend =
- Backbone.Router.extend = Backbone.View.extend = extend;
-
- // Map from CRUD to HTTP for our default `Backbone.sync` implementation.
- var methodMap = {
- 'create': 'POST',
- 'update': 'PUT',
- 'delete': 'DELETE',
- 'read' : 'GET'
- };
-
- // Backbone.sync
- // -------------
-
- // Override this function to change the manner in which Backbone persists
- // models to the server. You will be passed the type of request, and the
- // model in question. By default, uses makes a RESTful Ajax request
- // to the model's `url()`. Some possible customizations could be:
- //
- // * Use `setTimeout` to batch rapid-fire updates into a single request.
- // * Send up the models as XML instead of JSON.
- // * Persist models via WebSockets instead of Ajax.
- //
- // Turn on `Backbone.emulateHTTP` in order to send `PUT` and `DELETE` requests
- // as `POST`, with a `_method` parameter containing the true HTTP method,
- // as well as all requests with the body as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead of
- // `application/json` with the model in a param named `model`.
- // Useful when interfacing with server-side languages like **PHP** that make
- // it difficult to read the body of `PUT` requests.
- Backbone.sync = function(method, model, options) {
- var type = methodMap[method];
-
- // Default JSON-request options.
- var params = _.extend({
- type: type,
- dataType: 'json',
- processData: false
- }, options);
-
- // Ensure that we have a URL.
- if (!params.url) {
- params.url = getUrl(model) || urlError();
- }
-
- // Ensure that we have the appropriate request data.
- if (!params.data && model && (method == 'create' || method == 'update')) {
- params.contentType = 'application/json';
- params.data = JSON.stringify(model.toJSON());
- }
-
- // For older servers, emulate JSON by encoding the request into an HTML-form.
- if (Backbone.emulateJSON) {
- params.contentType = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
- params.processData = true;
- params.data = params.data ? {model : params.data} : {};
- }
-
- // For older servers, emulate HTTP by mimicking the HTTP method with `_method`
- // And an `X-HTTP-Method-Override` header.
- if (Backbone.emulateHTTP) {
- if (type === 'PUT' || type === 'DELETE') {
- if (Backbone.emulateJSON) params.data._method = type;
- params.type = 'POST';
- params.beforeSend = function(xhr) {
- xhr.setRequestHeader('X-HTTP-Method-Override', type);
- };
- }
- }
-
- // Make the request.
- return $.ajax(params);
- };
-
- // Helpers
- // -------
-
- // Shared empty constructor function to aid in prototype-chain creation.
- var ctor = function(){};
-
- // Helper function to correctly set up the prototype chain, for subclasses.
- // Similar to `goog.inherits`, but uses a hash of prototype properties and
- // class properties to be extended.
- var inherits = function(parent, protoProps, staticProps) {
- var child;
-
- // The constructor function for the new subclass is either defined by you
- // (the "constructor" property in your `extend` definition), or defaulted
- // by us to simply call `super()`.
- if (protoProps && protoProps.hasOwnProperty('constructor')) {
- child = protoProps.constructor;
- } else {
- child = function(){ return parent.apply(this, arguments); };
- }
-
- // Inherit class (static) properties from parent.
- _.extend(child, parent);
-
- // Set the prototype chain to inherit from `parent`, without calling
- // `parent`'s constructor function.
- ctor.prototype = parent.prototype;
- child.prototype = new ctor();
-
- // Add prototype properties (instance properties) to the subclass,
- // if supplied.
- if (protoProps) _.extend(child.prototype, protoProps);
-
- // Add static properties to the constructor function, if supplied.
- if (staticProps) _.extend(child, staticProps);
-
- // Correctly set child's `prototype.constructor`.
- child.prototype.constructor = child;
-
- // Set a convenience property in case the parent's prototype is needed later.
- child.__super__ = parent.prototype;
-
- return child;
- };
-
- // Helper function to get a URL from a Model or Collection as a property
- // or as a function.
- var getUrl = function(object) {
- if (!(object && object.url)) return null;
- return _.isFunction(object.url) ? object.url() : object.url;
- };
-
- // Throw an error when a URL is needed, and none is supplied.
- var urlError = function() {
- throw new Error('A "url" property or function must be specified');
- };
-
- // Wrap an optional error callback with a fallback error event.
- var wrapError = function(onError, model, options) {
- return function(resp) {
- if (onError) {
- onError(model, resp, options);
- } else {
- model.trigger('error', model, resp, options);
- }
- };
- };
-
- // Helper function to escape a string for HTML rendering.
- var escapeHTML = function(string) {
- return string.replace(/&(?!\w+;|#\d+;|#x[\da-f]+;)/gi, '&').replace(//g, '>').replace(/"/g, '"').replace(/'/g, ''').replace(/\//g,'/');
- };
-
-}).call(this);
diff --git a/backbone/lib/index.js b/backbone/lib/index.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 618cfc1..0000000
--- a/backbone/lib/index.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-module.exports = require('./backbone');
diff --git a/backbone/package.json b/backbone/package.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 588fc56..0000000
--- a/backbone/package.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-{
- "name" : "backbone",
- "description" : "Give your JS App some Backbone with Models, Views, Collections, and Events.",
- "url" : "http://documentcloud.github.com/backbone/",
- "keywords" : ["util", "functional", "server", "client", "browser"],
- "author" : "Jeremy Ashkenas
- 
-
- Backbone - supplies structure to JavaScript-heavy applications by providing models with - key-value binding and custom events, collections with a rich API of enumerable functions, - views with declarative event handling, and connects it all to your - existing application over a RESTful JSON interface. -
- -- The project is hosted on GitHub, - and the annotated source code is available, - as well as an online test suite, an - example application and a - list of tutorials. -
- -- You can report bugs and discuss features on the - GitHub issues page, - on Freenode IRC in the #documentcloud channel, post questions to the - Google Group, - or send tweets to @documentcloud. -
- -- - Backbone is an open-source component of - DocumentCloud. - -
- -- Downloads & Dependencies - (Right-click, and use "Save As") -
- -| Development Version (0.5.1) | -41kb, Full Source with Comments | -
| Production Version (0.5.1) | -4.6kb, Packed and Gzipped | -
- Backbone's only hard dependency is - Underscore.js. - For RESTful persistence, history support via Backbone.Router - and DOM manipulation with Backbone.View, include - json2.js, and either - jQuery ( > 1.4.2) or - Zepto. -
- -Upgrading to 0.5.0+
- -- We've taken the opportunity to clarify some naming with the 0.5.0 - release. Controller is now Router, and - refresh is now reset. - The previous saveLocation and setLocation - functions have been replaced by navigate. - Backbone.sync's method signature has changed to allow the passing - of arbitrary options to jQuery.ajax. - Be sure to opt-in to pushState support, - if you want to use it. -
- -Introduction
- -- When working on a web application that involves a lot of JavaScript, one - of the first things you learn is to stop tying your data to the DOM. It's all - too easy to create JavaScript applications that end up as tangled piles of - jQuery selectors and callbacks, all trying frantically to keep data in - sync between the HTML UI, your JavaScript logic, and the database on your - server. For rich client-side applications, a more structured approach - is often helpful. -
- -- With Backbone, you represent your data as - Models, which can be created, validated, destroyed, - and saved to the server. Whenever a UI action causes an attribute of - a model to change, the model triggers a "change" event; all - the Views that display the model's data are notified of the - event, causing them to re-render. You don't have to write the glue - code that looks into the DOM to find an element with a specific id, - and update the HTML manually - — when the model changes, the views simply update themselves. -
- -- Many of the examples that follow are runnable. Click the play button - to execute them. -
- -Backbone.Events
- -- Events is a module that can be mixed in to any object, giving the - object the ability to bind and trigger custom named events. Events do not - have to be declared before they are bound, and may take passed arguments. - For example: -
- -
-var object = {};
-
-_.extend(object, Backbone.Events);
-
-object.bind("alert", function(msg) {
- alert("Triggered " + msg);
-});
-
-object.trigger("alert", "an event");
-
-
-
- bindobject.bind(event, callback)
-
- Bind a callback function to an object. The callback will be invoked
- whenever the event (specified by an arbitrary string identifier) is fired.
- If you have a large number of different events on a page, the convention is to use colons to
- namespace them: "poll:start", or "change:selection"
-
- Callbacks bound to the special - "all" event will be triggered when any event occurs, and are passed - the name of the event as the first argument. For example, to proxy all events - from one object to another: -
- -
-proxy.bind("all", function(eventName) {
- object.trigger(eventName);
-});
-
-
-
- unbindobject.unbind([event], [callback])
-
- Remove a previously-bound callback function from an object. If no
- callback is specified, all callbacks for the event will be
- removed. If no event is specified, all event callbacks on the object
- will be removed.
-
-object.unbind("change", onChange); // Removes just the onChange callback.
-
-object.unbind("change"); // Removes all "change" callbacks.
-
-object.unbind(); // Removes all callbacks on object.
-
-
-
- triggerobject.trigger(event, [*args])
-
- Trigger callbacks for the given event. Subsequent arguments to
- trigger will be passed along to the event callbacks.
-
Backbone.Model
- -- Models are the heart of any JavaScript application, containing - the interactive data as well as a large part of the logic surrounding it: - conversions, validations, computed properties, and access control. You - extend Backbone.Model with your domain-specific methods, and - Model provides a basic set of functionality for managing changes. -
- -- The following is a contrived example, but it demonstrates defining a model - with a custom method, setting an attribute, and firing an event keyed - to changes in that specific attribute. - After running this code once, sidebar will be - available in your browser's console, so you can play around with it. -
- -
-var Sidebar = Backbone.Model.extend({
- promptColor: function() {
- var cssColor = prompt("Please enter a CSS color:");
- this.set({color: cssColor});
- }
-});
-
-window.sidebar = new Sidebar;
-
-sidebar.bind('change:color', function(model, color) {
- $('#sidebar').css({background: color});
-});
-
-sidebar.set({color: 'white'});
-
-sidebar.promptColor();
-
-
-
- extendBackbone.Model.extend(properties, [classProperties])
-
- To create a Model class of your own, you extend Backbone.Model
- and provide instance properties, as well as optional
- classProperties to be attached directly to the constructor function.
-
- extend correctly sets up the prototype chain, so subclasses created - with extend can be further extended and subclassed as far as you like. -
- -
-var Note = Backbone.Model.extend({
-
- initialize: function() { ... },
-
- author: function() { ... },
-
- coordinates: function() { ... },
-
- allowedToEdit: function(account) {
- return true;
- }
-
-});
-
-var PrivateNote = Note.extend({
-
- allowedToEdit: function(account) {
- return account.owns(this);
- }
-
-});
-
-
- - Brief aside on super: JavaScript does not provide - a simple way to call super — the function of the same name defined - higher on the prototype chain. If you override a core function like - set, or save, and you want to invoke the - parent object's implementation, you'll have to explicitly call it, along these lines: -
- -
-var Note = Backbone.Model.extend({
- set: function(attributes, options) {
- Backbone.Model.prototype.set.call(this, attributes, options);
- ...
- }
-});
-
-
-
- constructor / initializenew Model([attributes])
-
- When creating an instance of a model, you can pass in the initial values
- of the attributes, which will be set on the
- model. If you define an initialize function, it will be invoked when
- the model is created.
-
-new Book({
- title: "One Thousand and One Nights",
- author: "Scheherazade"
-});
-
-
-
- getmodel.get(attribute)
-
- Get the current value of an attribute from the model. For example:
- note.get("title")
-
- setmodel.set(attributes, [options])
-
- Set a hash of attributes (one or many) on the model. If any of the attributes
- change the models state, a "change" event will be triggered, unless
- {silent: true} is passed as an option. Change events for specific
- attributes are also triggered, and you can bind to those as well, for example:
- change:title, and change:content.
-
-note.set({title: "October 12", content: "Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet..."});
-
-
- - If the model has a validate method, - it will be validated before the attributes are set, no changes will - occur if the validation fails, and set will return false. - You may also pass an error - callback in the options, which will be invoked instead of triggering an - "error" event, should validation fail. -
- -
- escapemodel.escape(attribute)
-
- Similar to get, but returns the HTML-escaped version
- of a model's attribute. If you're interpolating data from the model into
- HTML, using escape to retrieve attributes will prevent
- XSS attacks.
-
-var hacker = new Backbone.Model({
- name: "<script>alert('xss')</script>"
-});
-
-alert(hacker.escape('name'));
-
-
-
- hasmodel.has(attribute)
-
- Returns true if the attribute is set to a non-null or non-undefined
- value.
-
-if (note.has("title")) {
- ...
-}
-
-
-
- unsetmodel.unset(attribute, [options])
-
- Remove an attribute by deleting it from the internal attributes hash.
- Fires a "change" event unless silent is passed as an option.
-
- clearmodel.clear([options])
-
- Removes all attributes from the model. Fires a "change" event unless
- silent is passed as an option.
-
- idmodel.id
-
- A special property of models, the id is an arbitrary string
- (integer id or UUID). If you set the id in the
- attributes hash, it will be copied onto the model as a direct property.
- Models can be retrieved by id from collections, and the id is used to generate
- model URLs by default.
-
- cidmodel.cid
-
- A special property of models, the cid or client id is a unique identifier
- automatically assigned to all models when they're first created. Client ids
- are handy when the model has not yet been saved to the server, and does not
- yet have its eventual true id, but already needs to be visible in the UI.
- Client ids take the form: c1, c2, c3 ...
-
- attributesmodel.attributes
-
- The attributes property is the internal hash containing the model's
- state. Please use set to update the attributes instead of modifying
- them directly. If you'd like to retrieve and munge a copy of the model's
- attributes, use toJSON instead.
-
- defaultsmodel.defaults or model.defaults()
-
- The defaults hash (or function) can be used to specify the default
- attributes for your model. When creating an instance of the model,
- any unspecified attributes will be set to their default value.
-
-var Meal = Backbone.Model.extend({
- defaults: {
- "appetizer": "caesar salad",
- "entree": "ravioli",
- "dessert": "cheesecake"
- }
-});
-
-alert("Dessert will be " + (new Meal).get('dessert'));
-
-
- - Remember that in JavaScript, objects are passed by reference, so if you - include an object as a default value, it will be shared among all instances. -
- -
- toJSONmodel.toJSON()
-
- Return a copy of the model's attributes for JSON stringification.
- This can be used for persistence, serialization, or for augmentation before
- being handed off to a view. The name of this method is a bit confusing, as
- it doesn't actually return a JSON string — but I'm afraid that it's
- the way that the JavaScript API for JSON.stringify works.
-
-var artist = new Backbone.Model({
- firstName: "Wassily",
- lastName: "Kandinsky"
-});
-
-artist.set({birthday: "December 16, 1866"});
-
-alert(JSON.stringify(artist));
-
-
-
- fetchmodel.fetch([options])
-
- Resets the model's state from the server. Useful if the model has never
- been populated with data, or if you'd like to ensure that you have the
- latest server state. A "change" event will be triggered if the
- server's state differs from the current attributes. Accepts
- success and error callbacks in the options hash, which
- are passed (model, response) as arguments.
-
-// Poll every 10 seconds to keep the channel model up-to-date.
-setInterval(function() {
- channel.fetch();
-}, 10000);
-
-
-
- savemodel.save([attributes], [options])
-
- Save a model to your database (or alternative persistence layer),
- by delegating to Backbone.sync. The attributes
- hash (as in set) should contain the attributes
- you'd like to change -- keys that aren't mentioned won't be altered.
- If the model has a validate
- method, and validation fails, the model will not be saved. If the model
- isNew, the save will be a "create"
- (HTTP POST), if the model already
- exists on the server, the save will be an "update" (HTTP PUT).
-
- In the following example, notice how our overridden version - of Backbone.sync receives a "create" request - the first time the model is saved and an "update" - request the second time. -
- -
-Backbone.sync = function(method, model) {
- alert(method + ": " + JSON.stringify(model));
- model.id = 1;
-};
-
-var book = new Backbone.Model({
- title: "The Rough Riders",
- author: "Theodore Roosevelt"
-});
-
-book.save();
-
-book.save({author: "Teddy"});
-
-
- - save accepts success and error callbacks in the - options hash, which are passed (model, response) as arguments. - The error callback will also be invoked if the model has a - validate method, and validation fails. If a server-side - validation fails, return a non-200 HTTP response code, along with - an error response in text or JSON. -
- -
-book.save({author: "F.D.R."}, {error: function(){ ... }});
-
-
-
- destroymodel.destroy([options])
-
- Destroys the model on the server by delegating an HTTP DELETE
- request to Backbone.sync. Accepts
- success and error callbacks in the options hash.
- Triggers a "destroy" event on the model, which will bubble up
- through any collections that contain it.
-
-book.destroy({success: function(model, response) {
- ...
-}});
-
-
-
- validatemodel.validate(attributes)
-
- This method is left undefined, and you're encouraged to override it with
- your custom validation logic, if you have any that can be performed
- in JavaScript. validate is called before set and
- save, and is passed the attributes that are about to be updated.
- If the model and attributes are valid, don't return anything from validate;
- if the attributes are invalid, return an error of your choosing. It
- can be as simple as a string error message to be displayed, or a complete
- error object that describes the error programmatically. set and
- save will not continue if validate returns an error.
- Failed validations trigger an "error" event.
-
-var Chapter = Backbone.Model.extend({
- validate: function(attrs) {
- if (attrs.end < attrs.start) {
- return "can't end before it starts";
- }
- }
-});
-
-var one = new Chapter({
- title : "Chapter One: The Beginning"
-});
-
-one.bind("error", function(model, error) {
- alert(model.get("title") + " " + error);
-});
-
-one.set({
- start: 15,
- end: 10
-});
-
-
- - "error" events are useful for providing coarse-grained error - messages at the model or collection level, but if you have a specific view - that can better handle the error, you may override and suppress the event - by passing an error callback directly: -
- -
-account.set({access: "unlimited"}, {
- error: function(model, error) {
- alert(error);
- }
-});
-
-
-
- urlmodel.url()
-
- Returns the relative URL where the model's resource would be located on
- the server. If your models are located somewhere else, override this method
- with the correct logic. Generates URLs of the form: "/[collection.url]/[id]",
- falling back to "/[urlRoot]/id" if the model is not part of a collection.
-
- Delegates to Collection#url to generate the - URL, so make sure that you have it defined, or a urlRoot - property, if all models of this class share a common root URL. - A model with an id of 101, stored in a - Backbone.Collection with a url of "/documents/7/notes", - would have this URL: "/documents/7/notes/101" -
- -
- urlRootmodel.urlRoot
-
- Specify a urlRoot if you're using a model outside of a collection,
- to enable the default url function to generate
- URLs based on the model id. "/[urlRoot]/id"
-
-var Book = Backbone.Model.extend({urlRoot : '/books'});
-
-var solaris = new Book({id: "1083-lem-solaris"});
-
-alert(solaris.url());
-
-
-
- parsemodel.parse(response)
-
- parse is called whenever a model's data is returned by the
- server, in fetch, and save.
- The function is passed the raw response object, and should return
- the attributes hash to be set on the model. The
- default implementation is a no-op, simply passing through the JSON response.
- Override this if you need to work with a preexisting API, or better namespace
- your responses.
-
- If you're working with a Rails backend, you'll notice that Rails' default - to_json implementation includes a model's attributes under a - namespace. To disable this behavior for seamless Backbone integration, set: -
- --ActiveRecord::Base.include_root_in_json = false -- -
- clonemodel.clone()
-
- Returns a new instance of the model with identical attributes.
-
- isNewmodel.isNew()
-
- Has this model been saved to the server yet? If the model does not yet have
- an id, it is considered to be new.
-
- changemodel.change()
-
- Manually trigger the "change" event.
- If you've been passing {silent: true} to the set function in order to
- aggregate rapid changes to a model, you'll want to call model.change()
- when you're all finished.
-
- hasChangedmodel.hasChanged([attribute])
-
- Has the model changed since the last "change" event? If an attribute
- is passed, returns true if that specific attribute has changed.
-
- Note that this method, and the following change-related ones, - are only useful during the course of a "change" event. -
- -
-book.bind("change", function() {
- if (book.hasChanged("title")) {
- ...
- }
-});
-
-
-
- changedAttributesmodel.changedAttributes([attributes])
-
- Retrieve a hash of only the model's attributes that have changed. Optionally,
- an external attributes hash can be passed in, returning
- the attributes in that hash which differ from the model. This can be used
- to figure out which portions of a view should be updated, or what calls
- need to be made to sync the changes to the server.
-
- previousmodel.previous(attribute)
-
- During a "change" event, this method can be used to get the
- previous value of a changed attribute.
-
-var bill = new Backbone.Model({
- name: "Bill Smith"
-});
-
-bill.bind("change:name", function(model, name) {
- alert("Changed name from " + bill.previous("name") + " to " + name);
-});
-
-bill.set({name : "Bill Jones"});
-
-
-
- previousAttributesmodel.previousAttributes()
-
- Return a copy of the model's previous attributes. Useful for getting a
- diff between versions of a model, or getting back to a valid state after
- an error occurs.
-
Backbone.Collection
- -- Collections are ordered sets of models. You can to bind "change" events - to be notified when any model in the collection has been modified, - listen for "add" and "remove" events, fetch - the collection from the server, and use a full suite of - Underscore.js methods. -
- -- Any event that is triggered on a model in a collection will also be - triggered on the collection directly, for convenience. - This allows you to listen for changes to specific attributes in any - model in a collection, for example: - Documents.bind("change:selected", ...) -
- -
- extendBackbone.Collection.extend(properties, [classProperties])
-
- To create a Collection class of your own, extend Backbone.Collection,
- providing instance properties, as well as optional classProperties to be attached
- directly to the collection's constructor function.
-
- modelcollection.model
-
- Override this property to specify the model class that the collection
- contains. If defined, you can pass raw attributes objects (and arrays) to
- add, create,
- and reset, and the attributes will be
- converted into a model of the proper type.
-
-var Library = Backbone.Collection.extend({
- model: Book
-});
-
-
-
- constructor / initializenew Collection([models], [options])
-
- When creating a Collection, you may choose to pass in the initial array of models.
- The collection's comparator function
- may be included as an option. If you define an initialize function, it will be
- invoked when the collection is created.
-
-var tabs = new TabSet([tab1, tab2, tab3]); -- -
- modelscollection.models
-
- Raw access to the JavaScript array of models inside of the collection. Usually you'll
- want to use get, at, or the Underscore methods
- to access model objects, but occasionally a direct reference to the array
- is desired.
-
- toJSONcollection.toJSON()
-
- Return an array containing the attributes hash of each model in the
- collection. This can be used to serialize and persist the
- collection as a whole. The name of this method is a bit confusing, because
- it conforms to
- JavaScript's JSON API.
-
-var collection = new Backbone.Collection([
- {name: "Tim", age: 5},
- {name: "Ida", age: 26},
- {name: "Rob", age: 55}
-]);
-
-alert(JSON.stringify(collection));
-
-
-
- Underscore Methods (25)
-
- Backbone proxies to Underscore.js to provide 25 iteration functions
- on Backbone.Collection. They aren't all documented here, but
- you can take a look at the Underscore documentation for the full details…
-
-
-
- forEach (each) -
- map -
- reduce (foldl, inject) -
- reduceRight (foldr) -
- find (detect) -
- filter (select) -
- reject -
- every (all) -
- some (any) -
- include -
- invoke -
- max -
- min -
- sortBy -
- sortedIndex -
- toArray -
- size -
- first -
- rest -
- last -
- without -
- indexOf -
- lastIndexOf -
- isEmpty -
- chain -
-Books.each(function(book) {
- book.publish();
-});
-
-var titles = Books.map(function(book) {
- return book.get("title");
-});
-
-var publishedBooks = Books.filter(function(book) {
- return book.get("published") === true;
-});
-
-var alphabetical = Books.sortBy(function(book) {
- return book.author.get("name").toLowerCase();
-});
-
-
-
- addcollection.add(models, [options])
-
- Add a model (or an array of models) to the collection. Fires an "add"
- event, which you can pass {silent: true} to suppress. If a
- model property is defined, you may also pass
- raw attributes objects, and have them be vivified as instances of the model.
- Pass {at: index} to splice the model into the collection at the
- specified index.
-
-var ships = new Backbone.Collection;
-
-ships.bind("add", function(ship) {
- alert("Ahoy " + ship.get("name") + "!");
-});
-
-ships.add([
- {name: "Flying Dutchman"},
- {name: "Black Pearl"}
-]);
-
-
-
- removecollection.remove(models, [options])
-
- Remove a model (or an array of models) from the collection. Fires a
- "remove" event, which you can use silent
- to suppress.
-
- getcollection.get(id)
-
- Get a model from a collection, specified by id.
-
-var book = Library.get(110); -- -
- getByCidcollection.getByCid(cid)
-
- Get a model from a collection, specified by client id. The client id
- is the .cid property of the model, automatically assigned whenever
- a model is created. Useful for models which have not yet been saved to
- the server, and do not yet have true ids.
-
- atcollection.at(index)
-
- Get a model from a collection, specified by index. Useful if your collection
- is sorted, and if your collection isn't sorted, at will still
- retrieve models in insertion order.
-
- lengthcollection.length
-
- Like an array, a Collection maintains a length property, counting
- the number of models it contains.
-
- comparatorcollection.comparator
-
- By default there is no comparator function on a collection.
- If you define a comparator, it will be used to maintain
- the collection in sorted order. This means that as models are added,
- they are inserted at the correct index in collection.models.
- Comparator functions take a model and return a numeric or string value
- by which the model should be ordered relative to others.
-
- Note how even though all of the chapters in this example are added backwards, - they come out in the proper order: -
- -
-var Chapter = Backbone.Model;
-var chapters = new Backbone.Collection;
-
-chapters.comparator = function(chapter) {
- return chapter.get("page");
-};
-
-chapters.add(new Chapter({page: 9, title: "The End"}));
-chapters.add(new Chapter({page: 5, title: "The Middle"}));
-chapters.add(new Chapter({page: 1, title: "The Beginning"}));
-
-alert(chapters.pluck('title'));
-
-
- - Brief aside: This comparator function is different than JavaScript's regular - "sort", which must return 0, 1, or -1, - and is more similar to a sortBy — a much nicer API. -
- -
- sortcollection.sort([options])
-
- Force a collection to re-sort itself. You don't need to call this under
- normal circumstances, as a collection with a comparator function
- will maintain itself in proper sort order at all times. Calling sort
- triggers the collection's "reset" event, unless silenced by passing
- {silent: true}
-
- pluckcollection.pluck(attribute)
-
- Pluck an attribute from each model in the collection. Equivalent to calling
- map, and returning a single attribute from the iterator.
-
-var stooges = new Backbone.Collection([
- new Backbone.Model({name: "Curly"}),
- new Backbone.Model({name: "Larry"}),
- new Backbone.Model({name: "Moe"})
-]);
-
-var names = stooges.pluck("name");
-
-alert(JSON.stringify(names));
-
-
-
- urlcollection.url or collection.url()
-
- Set the url property (or function) on a collection to reference
- its location on the server. Models within the collection will use url
- to construct URLs of their own.
-
-var Notes = Backbone.Collection.extend({
- url: '/notes'
-});
-
-// Or, something more sophisticated:
-
-var Notes = Backbone.Collection.extend({
- url: function() {
- return this.document.url() + '/notes';
- }
-});
-
-
-
- parsecollection.parse(response)
-
- parse is called by Backbone whenever a collection's models are
- returned by the server, in fetch.
- The function is passed the raw response object, and should return
- the array of model attributes to be added
- to the collection. The default implementation is a no-op, simply passing
- through the JSON response. Override this if you need to work with a
- preexisting API, or better namespace your responses.
-
-var Tweets = Backbone.Collection.extend({
- // The Twitter Search API returns tweets under "results".
- parse: function(response) {
- return response.results;
- }
-});
-
-
-
- fetchcollection.fetch([options])
-
- Fetch the default set of models for this collection from the server,
- resetting the collection when they arrive. The options hash takes
- success and error
- callbacks which will be passed (collection, response) as arguments.
- When the model data returns from the server, the collection will
- reset.
- Delegates to Backbone.sync
- under the covers, for custom persistence strategies.
- The server handler for fetch requests should return a JSON array of
- models.
-
-Backbone.sync = function(method, model) {
- alert(method + ": " + model.url);
-};
-
-var Accounts = new Backbone.Collection;
-Accounts.url = '/accounts';
-
-Accounts.fetch();
-
-
- - If you'd like to add the incoming models to the current collection, instead - of replacing the collection's contents, pass {add: true} as an - option to fetch. -
- -- jQuery.ajax options can also be passed directly as fetch options, - so to fetch a specific page of a paginated collection: - Documents.fetch({data: {page: 3}}) -
- -- Note that fetch should not be used to populate collections on - page load — all models needed at load time should already be - bootstrapped in to place. fetch is - intended for lazily-loading models for interfaces that are not needed - immediately: for example, documents with collections of notes that may be - toggled open and closed. -
- -
- resetcollection.reset(models, [options])
-
- Adding and removing models one at a time is all well and good, but sometimes
- you have so many models to change that you'd rather just update the collection
- in bulk. Use reset to replace a collection with a new list
- of models (or attribute hashes), triggering a single "reset" event
- at the end. Pass {silent: true} to suppress the "reset" event.
- Using reset with no arguments is useful as a way to empty the collection.
-
- Here's an example using reset to bootstrap a collection during initial page load, - in a Rails application. -
- --<script> - Accounts.reset(<%= @accounts.to_json %>); -</script> -- -
- Calling collection.reset() without passing any models as arguments - will empty the entire collection. -
- -
- createcollection.create(attributes, [options])
-
- Convenience to create a new instance of a model within a collection.
- Equivalent to instantiating a model with a hash of attributes,
- saving the model to the server, and adding the model to the set after being
- successfully created. Returns
- the model, or false if a validation error prevented the
- model from being created. In order for this to work, you should set the
- model property of the collection.
- The create method can accept either an attributes hash or an
- existing, unsaved model object.
-
-var Library = Backbone.Collection.extend({
- model: Book
-});
-
-var NYPL = new Library;
-
-var othello = NYPL.create({
- title: "Othello",
- author: "William Shakespeare"
-});
-
-
- Backbone.Router
- -- Web applications often choose to change their URL fragment (#fragment) - in order to provide shareable, bookmarkable URLs for an Ajax-heavy application. - Backbone.Router provides methods for routing client-side URL - fragments, and connecting them to actions and events. -
- -- During page load, after your application has finished creating all of its routers, - be sure to call Backbone.history.start(), or - Backbone.history.start({pushState: true}) to route the initial URL. -
- -
- extendBackbone.Router.extend(properties, [classProperties])
-
- Get started by creating a custom router class. You'll
- want to define actions that are triggered when certain URL fragments are
- matched, and provide a routes hash
- that pairs routes to actions.
-
-var Workspace = Backbone.Router.extend({
-
- routes: {
- "help": "help", // #help
- "search/:query": "search", // #search/kiwis
- "search/:query/p:page": "search" // #search/kiwis/p7
- },
-
- help: function() {
- ...
- },
-
- search: function(query, page) {
- ...
- }
-
-});
-
-
-
- routesrouter.routes
-
- The routes hash maps URLs with parameters to functions on your router,
- similar to the View's events hash.
- Routes can contain parameter parts, :param, which match a single URL
- component between slashes; and splat parts *splat, which can match
- any number of URL components.
-
- For example, a route of "search/:query/p:page" will match - a fragment of #search/obama/p2, passing "obama" - and "2" to the action. A route of "file/*path" will - match #file/nested/folder/file.txt, - passing "nested/folder/file.txt" to the action. -
- -- When the visitor presses the back button, or enters a URL, and a particular - route is matched, the name of the action will be fired as an - event, so that other objects can listen to the router, - and be notified. In the following example, visiting #help/uploading - will fire a route:help event from the router. -
- -
-routes: {
- "help/:page": "help",
- "download/*path": "download",
- "folder/:name": "openFolder",
- "folder/:name-:mode": "openFolder"
-}
-
-
-
-router.bind("route:help", function(page) {
- ...
-});
-
-
-
- constructor / initializenew Router([options])
-
- When creating a new router, you may pass its
- routes hash directly as an option, if you
- choose. All options will also be passed to your initialize
- function, if defined.
-
- routerouter.route(route, name, callback)
-
- Manually create a route for the router, The route argument may
- be a routing string or regular expression.
- Each matching capture from the route or regular expression will be passed as
- an argument to the callback. The name argument will be triggered as
- a "route:name" event whenever the route is matched.
-
-initialize: function(options) {
-
- // Matches #page/10, passing "10"
- this.route("page/:number", "page", function(number){ ... });
-
- // Matches /117-a/b/c/open, passing "117-a/b/c"
- this.route(/^(.*?)\/open$/, "open", function(id){ ... });
-
-}
-
-
-
-
-
-openPage: function(pageNumber) {
- this.document.pages.at(pageNumber).open();
- this.navigate("page/" + pageNumber);
-}
-
-# Or ...
-
-app.navigate("help/troubleshooting", true);
-
-
- Backbone.history
- -- History serves as a global router (per frame) to handle hashchange - events or pushState, match the appropriate route, and trigger callbacks. You shouldn't - ever have to create one of these yourself — you should use the reference - to Backbone.history that will be created for you automatically if you make use - of Routers with routes. -
- -- pushState support exists on a purely opt-in basis in Backbone. - Older browsers that don't support pushState will continue to use - hash-based URL fragments, and if a hash URL is visited by a - pushState-capable browser, it will be transparently upgraded to - the true URL. Note that using real URLs requires your web server to be - able to correctly render those pages, so back-end changes are required - as well. For example, if you have a route of /documents/100, - your web server must be able to serve that page, if the browser - visits that URL directly. For full search-engine crawlability, it's best to - have the server generate the complete HTML for the page ... but if it's a web - application, just rendering the same content you would have for the root URL, - and filling in the rest with Backbone Views and JavaScript works fine. -
- -
- startBackbone.history.start([options])
-
- When all of your Routers have been created,
- and all of the routes are set up properly, call Backbone.history.start()
- to begin monitoring hashchange events, and dispatching routes.
-
- To indicate that you'd like to use HTML5 pushState support in - your application, use Backbone.history.start({pushState: true}). -
- -- If your application is not being served from the root url / of your - domain, be sure to tell History where the root really is, as an option: - Backbone.history.start({pushState: true, root: "/public/search/"}) -
- When called, if a route succeeds with a match for the current URL, - Backbone.history.start() returns true. If no defined - route matches the current URL, it returns false. -
- -
-$(function(){
- new WorkspaceRouter();
- new HelpPaneRouter();
- Backbone.history.start({pushState: true});
-});
-
-
- Backbone.sync
- -- Backbone.sync is the function that Backbone calls every time it - attempts to read or save a model to the server. By default, it uses - (jQuery/Zepto).ajax to make a RESTful JSON request. You can override - it in order to use a different persistence strategy, such as WebSockets, - XML transport, or Local Storage. -
- -- The method signature of Backbone.sync is sync(method, model, [options]) -
- --
-
- method – the CRUD method ("create", "read", "update", or "delete") -
- model – the model to be saved (or collection to be read) -
- options – success and error callbacks, and all other jQuery request options -
- With the default implementation, when Backbone.sync sends up a request to save - a model, its attributes will be passed, serialized as JSON, and sent in the HTTP body - with content-type application/json. When returning a JSON response, - send down the attributes of the model that have been changed by the server, and need - to be updated on the client. When responding to a "read" request from a collection - (Collection#fetch), send down an array - of model attribute objects. -
- -- The default sync handler maps CRUD to REST like so: -
- --
-
- create → POST /collection -
- read → GET /collection[/id] -
- update → PUT /collection/id -
- delete → DELETE /collection/id -
- As an example, a Rails handler responding to an "update" call from - Backbone might look like this: (In real code, never use - update_attributes blindly, and always whitelist the attributes - you allow to be changed.) -
- --def update - account = Account.find params[:id] - account.update_attributes params - render :json => account -end -- -
- One more tip for Rails integration is to disable the default namespacing for - to_json calls on models by setting ActiveRecord::Base.include_root_in_json = false -
- -
- emulateHTTPBackbone.emulateHTTP = true
-
- If you want to work with a legacy web server that doesn't support Backbones's
- default REST/HTTP approach, you may choose to turn on Backbone.emulateHTTP.
- Setting this option will fake PUT and DELETE requests with
- a HTTP POST, and pass them under the _method parameter. Setting this option
- will also set an X-HTTP-Method-Override header with the true method.
-
-Backbone.emulateHTTP = true; - -model.save(); // POST to "/collection/id", with "_method=PUT" + header. -- -
- emulateJSONBackbone.emulateJSON = true
-
- If you're working with a legacy web server that can't handle requests
- encoded as application/json, setting Backbone.emulateJSON = true;
- will cause the JSON to be serialized under a model parameter, and
- the request to be made with a application/x-www-form-urlencoded
- mime type, as if from an HTML form.
-
Backbone.View
- -- Backbone views are almost more convention than they are code — they - don't determine anything about your HTML or CSS for you, and can be used - with any JavaScript templating library. - The general idea is to organize your interface into logical views, - backed by models, each of which can be updated independently when the - model changes, without having to redraw the page. Instead of digging into - a JSON object, looking up an element in the DOM, and updating the HTML by hand, - you can bind your view's render function to the model's "change" - event — and now everywhere that - model data is displayed in the UI, it is always immediately up to date. -
- -
- extendBackbone.View.extend(properties, [classProperties])
-
- Get started with views by creating a custom view class. You'll want to
- override the render function, specify your
- declarative events, and perhaps the
- tagName, className, or id of the View's root
- element.
-
-var DocumentRow = Backbone.View.extend({
-
- tagName: "li",
-
- className: "document-row",
-
- events: {
- "click .icon": "open",
- "click .button.edit": "openEditDialog",
- "click .button.delete": "destroy"
- },
-
- initialize: function() {
- _.bindAll(this, "render");
- },
-
- render: function() {
- ...
- }
-
-});
-
-
-
- constructor / initializenew View([options])
-
- When creating a new View, the options you pass are attached to the view
- as this.options, for future reference. There are several special
- options that, if passed, will be attached directly to the view:
- model, collection,
- el, id, className, and tagName.
- If the view defines an initialize function, it will be called when
- the view is first created. If you'd like to create a view that references
- an element already in the DOM, pass in the element as an option:
- new View({el: existingElement})
-
-var doc = Documents.first();
-
-new DocumentRow({
- model: doc,
- id: "document-row-" + doc.id
-});
-
-
-
- elview.el
-
- All views have a DOM element at all times (the el property),
- whether they've already been inserted into the page or not. In this
- fashion, views can be rendered at any time, and inserted into the DOM all
- at once, in order to get high-performance UI rendering with as few
- reflows and repaints as possible. this.el is created from the
- view's tagName, className, and id properties,
- if specified. If not, el is an empty div.
-
- You may assign el directly if the view is being - created for an element that already exists in the DOM. Use either a - reference to a real DOM element, or a css selector string. -
- -
-var ItemView = Backbone.View.extend({
- tagName: 'li'
-});
-
-var BodyView = Backbone.View.extend({
- el: 'body'
-});
-
-var item = new ItemView();
-var body = new BodyView();
-
-alert(item.el + ' ' + body.el);
-
-
-
- $ (jQuery or Zepto)view.$(selector)
-
- If jQuery or Zepto is included on the page, each view has a
- $ function that runs queries scoped within the view's element. If you use this
- scoped jQuery function, you don't have to use model ids as part of your query
- to pull out specific elements in a list, and can rely much more on HTML class
- attributes. It's equivalent to running: $(selector, this.el)
-
-ui.Chapter = Backbone.View.extend({
- serialize : function() {
- return {
- title: this.$(".title").text(),
- start: this.$(".start-page").text(),
- end: this.$(".end-page").text()
- };
- }
-});
-
-
-
- renderview.render()
-
- The default implementation of render is a no-op. Override this
- function with your code that renders the view template from model data,
- and updates this.el with the new HTML. A good
- convention is to return this at the end of render to
- enable chained calls.
-
-var Bookmark = Backbone.View.extend({
- render: function() {
- $(this.el).html(this.template(this.model.toJSON()));
- return this;
- }
-});
-
-
- - Backbone is agnostic with respect to your preferred method of HTML templating. - Your render function could even munge together an HTML string, or use - document.createElement to generate a DOM tree. However, we suggest - choosing a nice JavaScript templating library. - Mustache.js, - Haml-js, and - Eco are all fine alternatives. - Because Underscore.js is already on the page, - _.template - is available, and is an excellent choice if you've already XSS-sanitized - your interpolated data. -
- -- Whatever templating strategy you end up with, it's nice if you never - have to put strings of HTML in your JavaScript. At DocumentCloud, we - use Jammit in order - to package up JavaScript templates stored in /app/views as part - of our main core.js asset package. -
- -
- removeview.remove()
-
- Convenience function for removing the view from the DOM. Equivalent to calling
- $(view.el).remove();
-
- makeview.make(tagName, [attributes], [content])
-
- Convenience function for creating a DOM element of the given type (tagName),
- with optional attributes and HTML content. Used internally to create the
- initial view.el.
-
-var view = new Backbone.View;
-
-var el = view.make("b", {className: "bold"}, "Bold! ");
-
-$("#make-demo").append(el);
-
-
-
-
-
- delegateEventsdelegateEvents([events])
-
- Uses jQuery's delegate function to provide declarative callbacks
- for DOM events within a view.
- If an events hash is not passed directly, uses this.events
- as the source. Events are written in the format {"event selector": "callback"}.
- Omitting the selector causes the event to be bound to the view's
- root element (this.el). By default, delegateEvents is called
- within the View's constructor for you, so if you have a simple events
- hash, all of your DOM events will always already be connected, and you will
- never have to call this function yourself.
-
- Using delegateEvents provides a number of advantages over manually - using jQuery to bind events to child elements during render. All attached - callbacks are bound to the view before being handed off to jQuery, so when - the callbacks are invoked, this continues to refer to the view object. When - delegateEvents is run again, perhaps with a different events - hash, all callbacks are removed and delegated afresh — useful for - views which need to behave differently when in different modes. -
- -- A view that displays a document in a search result might look - something like this: -
- -
-var DocumentView = Backbone.View.extend({
-
- events: {
- "dblclick" : "open",
- "click .icon.doc" : "select",
- "contextmenu .icon.doc" : "showMenu",
- "click .show_notes" : "toggleNotes",
- "click .title .lock" : "editAccessLevel",
- "mouseover .title .date" : "showTooltip"
- },
-
- render: function() {
- $(this.el).html(this.template(this.model.toJSON()));
- return this;
- },
-
- open: function() {
- window.open(this.model.get("viewer_url"));
- },
-
- select: function() {
- this.model.set({selected: true});
- },
-
- ...
-
-});
-
-
- Utility Functions
- -- -
- -
- noConflictvar backbone = Backbone.noConflict();
-
- Returns the Backbone object back to its original value. You can
- use the return value of Backbone.noConflict() to keep a local
- reference to Backbone. Useful for embedding Backbone on third-party
- websites, where you don't want to clobber the existing Backbone.
-
-var localBackbone = Backbone.noConflict(); -var model = localBackbone.Model.extend(...); -- -
Examples
- -- Jérôme Gravel-Niquet has contributed a - Todo List application - that is bundled in the repository as Backbone example. If you're wondering - where to get started with Backbone in general, take a moment to - read through the annotated source. The app uses a - LocalStorage adapter - to transparently save all of your todos within your browser, instead of - sending them to a server. Jérôme also has a version hosted at - localtodos.com that uses a - MooTools-backed version of Backbone - instead of jQuery. -
- -
-
- 
-
-
-
-
-
- DocumentCloud
- -- The DocumentCloud workspace - is built on Backbone.js, with Documents, Projects, - Notes, and Accounts all as Backbone models and collections. - If you're interested in history — both Underscore.js and Backbone.js - were originally extracted from the DocumentCloud codebase, and packaged - into standalone JS libraries. -
- -
-
- 
-
-
-
-
-
- Basecamp Mobile
- -- 37Signals used Backbone.js to create - Basecamp Mobile, the mobile version - of their popular project management software. You can access all your Basecamp - projects, post new messages, and comment on milestones (all represented - internally as Backbone.js models). -
- -
-
- 
-
-
-
-
-
- Flow
- -- MetaLab used Backbone.js to create - Flow, a task management app for teams. The - workspace relies on Backbone.js to construct task views, activities, accounts, - folders, projects, and tags. You can see the internals under window.Flow. -
- -
-
- 
-
-
-
-
-
- CloudApp
- -- CloudApp is simple file and link - sharing for the Mac. Backbone.js powers the web tools - which consume the documented API - to manage Drops. Data is either pulled manually or pushed by - Pusher and fed to - Mustache templates for - rendering. Check out the annotated source code - to see the magic. -
- -
-
- 
-
-
-
-
-
- SoundCloud
- -- SoundCloud is the leading sound sharing - platform on the internet, and Backbone.js provides the foundation for - Mobile SoundCloud. The project uses - the public SoundCloud API - as a data source (channeled through a nginx proxy), - jQuery templates - for the rendering, Qunit - and PhantomJS for - the testing suite. The JS code, templates and CSS are built for the - production deployment with various Node.js tools like - ready.js, - Jake, - jsdom. - The Backbone.History was modified to support the HTML5 history.pushState. - Backbone.sync was extended with an additional SessionStorage based cache - layer. -
- -
-
- 
-
-
-
-
-
- Quote Roller
- -- Coding Staff used Backbone.js to - create Quote Roller, an application - that helps to create, send, organize and track business proposals with ease. - Backbone.js has been used to implement interactive parts of the - application like template builder, pricing table, file attachments manager. -
- -
-
- 
-
-
-
-
-
- TileMill
- -- Our fellow - Knight Foundation News Challenge - winners, MapBox, created an open-source - map design studio with Backbone.js: - TileMill. - TileMill lets you manage map layers based on shapefiles and rasters, and - edit their appearance directly in the browser with the - Carto styling language. - Note that the gorgeous MapBox homepage - is also a Backbone.js app. -
- -
-
- 
-
-
-
-
-
- Menagerie Whiteboard
- -- Aaron Hamid and - Michal Kuklis from - Incandescent Software - used Backbone.js to create - Menagerie Whiteboard a digital - "whiteboard" for veterinary practices. Backbone Models were used to - sync the data with CouchDB. A Backbone Controller was used for - routing and bookmarkable deep links. Backbone Views were used to - bind, listen and 'react' to changes coming from models. - Backbone.sync was extended to support connection to CouchDB - and deployment as a CouchApp. -
- -
-
- 
-
-
-
-
-
- Insta-great!
- -- Elliott Kember and - Hector Simpson built - Insta-great! - - a fun way to explore popular photos and interact with - Instagram on the web. - Elliott says, "Backbone.js and Coffeescript were insanely useful for - writing clean, consistent UI code and keeping everything modular and - readable, even through several code refactors. I'm in love." -
- -
-
- 
-
-
-
-
-
- Decide
- -- Decide.com helps people decide when to buy - consumer electronics. It relies heavily on Backbone.js to render and - update its Search Results Page. An "infinite scroll" feature takes - advantage of a SearchResults model containing a collection of - Product models to fetch more results and render them on the fly - with Mustache. A SearchController keeps everything in sync and - maintains page state in the URL. Backbone also powers the user - accounts and settings management. -
- -
-
- 
-
-
-
-
-
- BitTorrent
- -- BitTorrent used Backbone to - completely rework an existing Win32 UI. Models normalize access to the - client's data and views rely heavily on the change events to keep - the UI state current. Using Backbone and SCSS, - our new design and UX - prototypes are considerably easier to iterate, test and work with than - the original Win32 UI. -
- -
-
- 
-
-
-
-
-
- Fluxiom
- -- Fluxiom uses Backbone.js and HTML5 to - deliver a seamless upload experience from the desktop to the cloud, - including drag and drop, live previews, partial uploads, and one-click sharing. -
- -
- The upload queue is a single collection and each file is it’s own model. - The UI is divided into several views for efficient event handling, and - uses Underscore.js - templates for fast rendering, even when handling hundreds of uploads. -
- -
-
- 
-
-
-
-
-
- Chop
- -- Chop is a little app from - ZURB that lets people slice up bad code - and share their feedback to help put it back together. - Chop was built to demonstrate how easy it is to build pageless apps - using Backbone.js and Rails. Chop makes extensive use of Backbone Views, - Controllers, and Models. -
- -
-
- 
-
-
-
-
-
- QuietWrite
- -- James Yu used Backbone.js to - create QuietWrite, an app - that gives writers a clean and quiet interface to concentrate on the text itself. - The editor relies on Backbone to persist document data to the server. He - followed up with a Backbone.js + Rails tutorial that describes how to implement - CloudEdit, a simple document editing app. -
- -
-
- 
-
-
-
-
-
- Tzigla
- -- Cristi Balan and - Irina Dumitrascu created - Tzigla, a collaborative drawing - application where artists make tiles that connect to each other to - create surreal drawings. - Backbone models help organize the code, routers provide - bookmarkable deep links, - and the views are rendered with - haml.js and - Zepto. - Tzigla is written in Ruby (Rails) on the backend, and - CoffeeScript on the frontend, with - Jammit - prepackaging the static assets. -
- -
-
- 
-
-
-
-
-
- Substance
- -- Michael Aufreiter is building an open source document authoring and - publishing engine: Substance. - Substance makes use of Backbone.View and Backbone.Router, while - Backbone plays well together with - Data.js, which is used for - data persistence. -
- -
-
- 
-
-
-
-
-
- F.A.Q.
- -
- Catalog of Events
-
- Here's a list of all of the built-in events that Backbone.js can fire.
- You're also free to trigger your own events on Models and Views as you
- see fit.
-
-
-
- "add" (model, collection) — when a model is added to a collection. -
- "remove" (model, collection) — when a model is removed from a collection. -
- "reset" (collection) — when the collection's entire contents have been replaced. -
- "change" (model, collection) — when a model's attributes have changed. -
- "change:[attribute]" (model, collection) — when a specific attribute has been updated. -
- "destroy" (model, collection) — when a model is destroyed. -
- "error" (model, collection) — when a model's validation fails, or a save call fails on the server. -
- "route:[name]" (router) — when one of a router's routes has matched. -
- "all" — this special event fires for any triggered event, passing the event name as the first argument. -
- Nested Models & Collections
-
- It's common to nest collections inside of models with Backbone. For example,
- consider a Mailbox model that contains many Message models.
- One nice pattern for handling this is have a this.messages collection
- for each mailbox, enabling the lazy-loading of messages, when the mailbox
- is first opened ... perhaps with MessageList views listening for
- "add" and "remove" events.
-
-var Mailbox = Backbone.Model.extend({
-
- initialize: function() {
- this.messages = new Messages;
- this.messages.url = '/mailbox/' + this.id + '/messages';
- this.messages.bind("reset", this.updateCounts);
- },
-
- ...
-
-});
-
-var Inbox = new Mailbox;
-
-// And then, when the Inbox is opened:
-
-Inbox.messages.fetch();
-
-
- - If you're looking for something more opinionated, there are a number of - Backbone plugins that add sophisticated associations among models, - available on the wiki. -
- -
- Loading Bootstrapped Models
-
- When your app first loads, it's common to have a set of initial models that
- you know you're going to need, in order to render the page. Instead of
- firing an extra AJAX request to fetch them,
- a nicer pattern is to have their data already bootstrapped into the page.
- You can then use reset to populate your
- collections with the initial data. At DocumentCloud, in the
- ERB template for the
- workspace, we do something along these lines:
-
-<script> - Accounts.reset(<%= @accounts.to_json %>); - Projects.reset(<%= @projects.to_json(:collaborators => true) %>); -</script> -- -
- How does Backbone relate to "traditional" MVC?
-
- Different implementations of the
- Model-View-Controller
- pattern tend to disagree about the definition of a controller. If it helps any, in
- Backbone, the View class can also be thought of as a
- kind of controller, dispatching events that originate from the UI, with
- the HTML template serving as the true view. We call it a View because it
- represents a logical chunk of UI, responsible for the contents of a single
- DOM element.
-
- Comparing the overall structure of Backbone to a server-side MVC framework - like Rails, the pieces line up like so: -
- --
-
- - Backbone.Model – Like a Rails model minus the class - methods. Wraps a row of data in business logic. - -
- - Backbone.Collection – A group of models on the client-side, - with sorting/filtering/aggregation logic. - -
- - Backbone.Router – Rails routes.rb + Rails controller - actions. Maps URLs to functions. - -
- - Backbone.View – A logical, re-usable piece of UI. Often, - but not always, associated with a model. - -
- - Client-side Templates – Rails .html.erb views, - rendering a chunk of HTML. - -
- Binding "this"
-
- Perhaps the single most common JavaScript "gotcha" is the fact that when
- you pass a function as a callback, its value for this is lost. With
- Backbone, when dealing with events and callbacks,
- you'll often find it useful to rely on
- _.bind and
- _.bindAll
- from Underscore.js. _.bind takes a function and an object to be
- used as this, any time the function is called in the future.
- _.bindAll takes an object and a list of method names: each method
- in the list will be bound to the object, so that its this may
- not change. For example, in a View that listens for
- changes to a collection...
-
-var MessageList = Backbone.View.extend({
-
- initialize: function() {
- _.bindAll(this, "addMessage", "removeMessage", "render");
-
- var messages = this.collection;
- messages.bind("reset", this.render);
- messages.bind("add", this.addMessage);
- messages.bind("remove", this.removeMessage);
- }
-
-});
-
-// Later, in the app...
-
-Inbox.messages.add(newMessage);
-
-
- Change Log
- -
- 0.5.1 — July 5, 2011
- Cleanups from the 0.5.0 release, to wit: improved transparent upgrades from
- hash-based URLs to pushState, and vice-versa. Fixed inconsistency with
- non-modified attributes being passed to Model#initialize. Reverted
- a 0.5.0 change that would strip leading hashbangs from routes.
- Added contains as an alias for includes.
-
- 0.5.0 — July 1, 2011
- A large number of tiny tweaks and micro bugfixes, best viewed by looking
- at the commit diff.
- HTML5 pushState support, enabled by opting-in with:
- Backbone.history.start({pushState: true}).
- Controller was renamed to Router, for clarity.
- Collection#refresh was renamed to Collection#reset to emphasize
- its ability to both reset the collection with new models, as well as empty
- out the collection when used with no parameters.
- saveLocation was replaced with navigate.
- RESTful persistence methods (save, fetch, etc.) now return the jQuery deferred
- object for further success/error chaining and general convenience.
- Improved XSS escaping for Model#escape.
- Added a urlRoot option to allow specifying RESTful urls without
- the use of a collection.
- An error is thrown if Backbone.history.start is called multiple times.
- Collection#create now validates before initializing the new model.
- view.el can now be a jQuery string lookup.
- Backbone Views can now also take an attributes parameter.
- Model#defaults can now be a function as well as a literal attributes
- object.
-
- 0.3.3 — Dec 1, 2010
- Backbone.js now supports Zepto, alongside
- jQuery, as a framework for DOM manipulation and Ajax support.
- Implemented Model#escape, to efficiently handle
- attributes intended for HTML interpolation. When trying to persist a model,
- failed requests will now trigger an "error" event. The
- ubiquitous options argument is now passed as the final argument
- to all "change" events.
-
- 0.3.2 — Nov 23, 2010
- Bugfix for IE7 + iframe-based "hashchange" events. sync may now be
- overridden on a per-model, or per-collection basis. Fixed recursion error
- when calling save with no changed attributes, within a
- "change" event.
-
- 0.3.1 — Nov 15, 2010
- All "add" and "remove" events are now sent through the
- model, so that views can listen for them without having to know about the
- collection. Added a remove method to Backbone.View.
- toJSON is no longer called at all for 'read' and 'delete' requests.
- Backbone routes are now able to load empty URL fragments.
-
- 0.3.0 — Nov 9, 2010
- Backbone now has Controllers and
- History, for doing client-side routing based on
- URL fragments.
- Added emulateHTTP to provide support for legacy servers that don't
- do PUT and DELETE.
- Added emulateJSON for servers that can't accept application/json
- encoded requests.
- Added Model#clear, which removes all attributes
- from a model.
- All Backbone classes may now be seamlessly inherited by CoffeeScript classes.
-
- 0.2.0 — Oct 25, 2010
- Instead of requiring server responses to be namespaced under a model
- key, now you can define your own parse method
- to convert responses into attributes for Models and Collections.
- The old handleEvents function is now named
- delegateEvents, and is automatically
- called as part of the View's constructor.
- Added a toJSON function to Collections.
- Added Underscore's chain to Collections.
-
- 0.1.2 — Oct 19, 2010
- Added a Model#fetch method for refreshing the
- attributes of single model from the server.
- An error callback may now be passed to set and save
- as an option, which will be invoked if validation fails, overriding the
- "error" event.
- You can now tell backbone to use the _method hack instead of HTTP
- methods by setting Backbone.emulateHTTP = true.
- Existing Model and Collection data is no longer sent up unnecessarily with
- GET and DELETE requests. Added a rake lint task.
- Backbone is now published as an NPM module.
-
- 0.1.1 — Oct 14, 2010
- Added a convention for initialize functions to be called
- upon instance construction, if defined. Documentation tweaks.
-
- 0.1.0 — Oct 13, 2010
- Initial Backbone release.
-
-
-
- 
-
-
Backbone Test Suite
- - --
Backbone Speed Suite
- - - diff --git a/backbone/test/test.html b/backbone/test/test.html deleted file mode 100644 index 1d272c4..0000000 --- a/backbone/test/test.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ - - - -Backbone Test Suite
- - --
Backbone Speed Suite
- - - diff --git a/backbone/test/vendor/jquery-1.5.js b/backbone/test/vendor/jquery-1.5.js deleted file mode 100644 index 5c99a8d..0000000 --- a/backbone/test/vendor/jquery-1.5.js +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8176 +0,0 @@ -/*! - * jQuery JavaScript Library v1.5 - * http://jquery.com/ - * - * Copyright 2011, John Resig - * Dual licensed under the MIT or GPL Version 2 licenses. - * http://jquery.org/license - * - * Includes Sizzle.js - * http://sizzlejs.com/ - * Copyright 2011, The Dojo Foundation - * Released under the MIT, BSD, and GPL Licenses. - * - * Date: Mon Jan 31 08:31:29 2011 -0500 - */ -(function( window, undefined ) { - -// Use the correct document accordingly with window argument (sandbox) -var document = window.document; -var jQuery = (function() { - -// Define a local copy of jQuery -var jQuery = function( selector, context ) { - // The jQuery object is actually just the init constructor 'enhanced' - return new jQuery.fn.init( selector, context, rootjQuery ); - }, - - // Map over jQuery in case of overwrite - _jQuery = window.jQuery, - - // Map over the $ in case of overwrite - _$ = window.$, - - // A central reference to the root jQuery(document) - rootjQuery, - - // A simple way to check for HTML strings or ID strings - // (both of which we optimize for) - quickExpr = /^(?:[^<]*(<[\w\W]+>)[^>]*$|#([\w\-]+)$)/, - - // Check if a string has a non-whitespace character in it - rnotwhite = /\S/, - - // Used for trimming whitespace - trimLeft = /^\s+/, - trimRight = /\s+$/, - - // Check for digits - rdigit = /\d/, - - // Match a standalone tag - rsingleTag = /^<(\w+)\s*\/?>(?:<\/\1>)?$/, - - // JSON RegExp - rvalidchars = /^[\],:{}\s]*$/, - rvalidescape = /\\(?:["\\\/bfnrt]|u[0-9a-fA-F]{4})/g, - rvalidtokens = /"[^"\\\n\r]*"|true|false|null|-?\d+(?:\.\d*)?(?:[eE][+\-]?\d+)?/g, - rvalidbraces = /(?:^|:|,)(?:\s*\[)+/g, - - // Useragent RegExp - rwebkit = /(webkit)[ \/]([\w.]+)/, - ropera = /(opera)(?:.*version)?[ \/]([\w.]+)/, - rmsie = /(msie) ([\w.]+)/, - rmozilla = /(mozilla)(?:.*? rv:([\w.]+))?/, - - // Keep a UserAgent string for use with jQuery.browser - userAgent = navigator.userAgent, - - // For matching the engine and version of the browser - browserMatch, - - // Has the ready events already been bound? - readyBound = false, - - // The deferred used on DOM ready - readyList, - - // Promise methods - promiseMethods = "then done fail isResolved isRejected promise".split( " " ), - - // The ready event handler - DOMContentLoaded, - - // Save a reference to some core methods - toString = Object.prototype.toString, - hasOwn = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty, - push = Array.prototype.push, - slice = Array.prototype.slice, - trim = String.prototype.trim, - indexOf = Array.prototype.indexOf, - - // [[Class]] -> type pairs - class2type = {}; - -jQuery.fn = jQuery.prototype = { - constructor: jQuery, - init: function( selector, context, rootjQuery ) { - var match, elem, ret, doc; - - // Handle $(""), $(null), or $(undefined) - if ( !selector ) { - return this; - } - - // Handle $(DOMElement) - if ( selector.nodeType ) { - this.context = this[0] = selector; - this.length = 1; - return this; - } - - // The body element only exists once, optimize finding it - if ( selector === "body" && !context && document.body ) { - this.context = document; - this[0] = document.body; - this.selector = "body"; - this.length = 1; - return this; - } - - // Handle HTML strings - if ( typeof selector === "string" ) { - // Are we dealing with HTML string or an ID? - match = quickExpr.exec( selector ); - - // Verify a match, and that no context was specified for #id - if ( match && (match[1] || !context) ) { - - // HANDLE: $(html) -> $(array) - if ( match[1] ) { - context = context instanceof jQuery ? context[0] : context; - doc = (context ? context.ownerDocument || context : document); - - // If a single string is passed in and it's a single tag - // just do a createElement and skip the rest - ret = rsingleTag.exec( selector ); - - if ( ret ) { - if ( jQuery.isPlainObject( context ) ) { - selector = [ document.createElement( ret[1] ) ]; - jQuery.fn.attr.call( selector, context, true ); - - } else { - selector = [ doc.createElement( ret[1] ) ]; - } - - } else { - ret = jQuery.buildFragment( [ match[1] ], [ doc ] ); - selector = (ret.cacheable ? jQuery.clone(ret.fragment) : ret.fragment).childNodes; - } - - return jQuery.merge( this, selector ); - - // HANDLE: $("#id") - } else { - elem = document.getElementById( match[2] ); - - // Check parentNode to catch when Blackberry 4.6 returns - // nodes that are no longer in the document #6963 - if ( elem && elem.parentNode ) { - // Handle the case where IE and Opera return items - // by name instead of ID - if ( elem.id !== match[2] ) { - return rootjQuery.find( selector ); - } - - // Otherwise, we inject the element directly into the jQuery object - this.length = 1; - this[0] = elem; - } - - this.context = document; - this.selector = selector; - return this; - } - - // HANDLE: $(expr, $(...)) - } else if ( !context || context.jquery ) { - return (context || rootjQuery).find( selector ); - - // HANDLE: $(expr, context) - // (which is just equivalent to: $(context).find(expr) - } else { - return this.constructor( context ).find( selector ); - } - - // HANDLE: $(function) - // Shortcut for document ready - } else if ( jQuery.isFunction( selector ) ) { - return rootjQuery.ready( selector ); - } - - if (selector.selector !== undefined) { - this.selector = selector.selector; - this.context = selector.context; - } - - return jQuery.makeArray( selector, this ); - }, - - // Start with an empty selector - selector: "", - - // The current version of jQuery being used - jquery: "1.5", - - // The default length of a jQuery object is 0 - length: 0, - - // The number of elements contained in the matched element set - size: function() { - return this.length; - }, - - toArray: function() { - return slice.call( this, 0 ); - }, - - // Get the Nth element in the matched element set OR - // Get the whole matched element set as a clean array - get: function( num ) { - return num == null ? - - // Return a 'clean' array - this.toArray() : - - // Return just the object - ( num < 0 ? this[ this.length + num ] : this[ num ] ); - }, - - // Take an array of elements and push it onto the stack - // (returning the new matched element set) - pushStack: function( elems, name, selector ) { - // Build a new jQuery matched element set - var ret = this.constructor(); - - if ( jQuery.isArray( elems ) ) { - push.apply( ret, elems ); - - } else { - jQuery.merge( ret, elems ); - } - - // Add the old object onto the stack (as a reference) - ret.prevObject = this; - - ret.context = this.context; - - if ( name === "find" ) { - ret.selector = this.selector + (this.selector ? " " : "") + selector; - } else if ( name ) { - ret.selector = this.selector + "." + name + "(" + selector + ")"; - } - - // Return the newly-formed element set - return ret; - }, - - // Execute a callback for every element in the matched set. - // (You can seed the arguments with an array of args, but this is - // only used internally.) - each: function( callback, args ) { - return jQuery.each( this, callback, args ); - }, - - ready: function( fn ) { - // Attach the listeners - jQuery.bindReady(); - - // Add the callback - readyList.done( fn ); - - return this; - }, - - eq: function( i ) { - return i === -1 ? - this.slice( i ) : - this.slice( i, +i + 1 ); - }, - - first: function() { - return this.eq( 0 ); - }, - - last: function() { - return this.eq( -1 ); - }, - - slice: function() { - return this.pushStack( slice.apply( this, arguments ), - "slice", slice.call(arguments).join(",") ); - }, - - map: function( callback ) { - return this.pushStack( jQuery.map(this, function( elem, i ) { - return callback.call( elem, i, elem ); - })); - }, - - end: function() { - return this.prevObject || this.constructor(null); - }, - - // For internal use only. - // Behaves like an Array's method, not like a jQuery method. - push: push, - sort: [].sort, - splice: [].splice -}; - -// Give the init function the jQuery prototype for later instantiation -jQuery.fn.init.prototype = jQuery.fn; - -jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() { - var options, name, src, copy, copyIsArray, clone, - target = arguments[0] || {}, - i = 1, - length = arguments.length, - deep = false; - - // Handle a deep copy situation - if ( typeof target === "boolean" ) { - deep = target; - target = arguments[1] || {}; - // skip the boolean and the target - i = 2; - } - - // Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy) - if ( typeof target !== "object" && !jQuery.isFunction(target) ) { - target = {}; - } - - // extend jQuery itself if only one argument is passed - if ( length === i ) { - target = this; - --i; - } - - for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { - // Only deal with non-null/undefined values - if ( (options = arguments[ i ]) != null ) { - // Extend the base object - for ( name in options ) { - src = target[ name ]; - copy = options[ name ]; - - // Prevent never-ending loop - if ( target === copy ) { - continue; - } - - // Recurse if we're merging plain objects or arrays - if ( deep && copy && ( jQuery.isPlainObject(copy) || (copyIsArray = jQuery.isArray(copy)) ) ) { - if ( copyIsArray ) { - copyIsArray = false; - clone = src && jQuery.isArray(src) ? src : []; - - } else { - clone = src && jQuery.isPlainObject(src) ? src : {}; - } - - // Never move original objects, clone them - target[ name ] = jQuery.extend( deep, clone, copy ); - - // Don't bring in undefined values - } else if ( copy !== undefined ) { - target[ name ] = copy; - } - } - } - } - - // Return the modified object - return target; -}; - -jQuery.extend({ - noConflict: function( deep ) { - window.$ = _$; - - if ( deep ) { - window.jQuery = _jQuery; - } - - return jQuery; - }, - - // Is the DOM ready to be used? Set to true once it occurs. - isReady: false, - - // A counter to track how many items to wait for before - // the ready event fires. See #6781 - readyWait: 1, - - // Handle when the DOM is ready - ready: function( wait ) { - // A third-party is pushing the ready event forwards - if ( wait === true ) { - jQuery.readyWait--; - } - - // Make sure that the DOM is not already loaded - if ( !jQuery.readyWait || (wait !== true && !jQuery.isReady) ) { - // Make sure body exists, at least, in case IE gets a little overzealous (ticket #5443). - if ( !document.body ) { - return setTimeout( jQuery.ready, 1 ); - } - - // Remember that the DOM is ready - jQuery.isReady = true; - - // If a normal DOM Ready event fired, decrement, and wait if need be - if ( wait !== true && --jQuery.readyWait > 0 ) { - return; - } - - // If there are functions bound, to execute - readyList.resolveWith( document, [ jQuery ] ); - - // Trigger any bound ready events - if ( jQuery.fn.trigger ) { - jQuery( document ).trigger( "ready" ).unbind( "ready" ); - } - } - }, - - bindReady: function() { - if ( readyBound ) { - return; - } - - readyBound = true; - - // Catch cases where $(document).ready() is called after the - // browser event has already occurred. - if ( document.readyState === "complete" ) { - // Handle it asynchronously to allow scripts the opportunity to delay ready - return setTimeout( jQuery.ready, 1 ); - } - - // Mozilla, Opera and webkit nightlies currently support this event - if ( document.addEventListener ) { - // Use the handy event callback - document.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", DOMContentLoaded, false ); - - // A fallback to window.onload, that will always work - window.addEventListener( "load", jQuery.ready, false ); - - // If IE event model is used - } else if ( document.attachEvent ) { - // ensure firing before onload, - // maybe late but safe also for iframes - document.attachEvent("onreadystatechange", DOMContentLoaded); - - // A fallback to window.onload, that will always work - window.attachEvent( "onload", jQuery.ready ); - - // If IE and not a frame - // continually check to see if the document is ready - var toplevel = false; - - try { - toplevel = window.frameElement == null; - } catch(e) {} - - if ( document.documentElement.doScroll && toplevel ) { - doScrollCheck(); - } - } - }, - - // See test/unit/core.js for details concerning isFunction. - // Since version 1.3, DOM methods and functions like alert - // aren't supported. They return false on IE (#2968). - isFunction: function( obj ) { - return jQuery.type(obj) === "function"; - }, - - isArray: Array.isArray || function( obj ) { - return jQuery.type(obj) === "array"; - }, - - // A crude way of determining if an object is a window - isWindow: function( obj ) { - return obj && typeof obj === "object" && "setInterval" in obj; - }, - - isNaN: function( obj ) { - return obj == null || !rdigit.test( obj ) || isNaN( obj ); - }, - - type: function( obj ) { - return obj == null ? - String( obj ) : - class2type[ toString.call(obj) ] || "object"; - }, - - isPlainObject: function( obj ) { - // Must be an Object. - // Because of IE, we also have to check the presence of the constructor property. - // Make sure that DOM nodes and window objects don't pass through, as well - if ( !obj || jQuery.type(obj) !== "object" || obj.nodeType || jQuery.isWindow( obj ) ) { - return false; - } - - // Not own constructor property must be Object - if ( obj.constructor && - !hasOwn.call(obj, "constructor") && - !hasOwn.call(obj.constructor.prototype, "isPrototypeOf") ) { - return false; - } - - // Own properties are enumerated firstly, so to speed up, - // if last one is own, then all properties are own. - - var key; - for ( key in obj ) {} - - return key === undefined || hasOwn.call( obj, key ); - }, - - isEmptyObject: function( obj ) { - for ( var name in obj ) { - return false; - } - return true; - }, - - error: function( msg ) { - throw msg; - }, - - parseJSON: function( data ) { - if ( typeof data !== "string" || !data ) { - return null; - } - - // Make sure leading/trailing whitespace is removed (IE can't handle it) - data = jQuery.trim( data ); - - // Make sure the incoming data is actual JSON - // Logic borrowed from http://json.org/json2.js - if ( rvalidchars.test(data.replace(rvalidescape, "@") - .replace(rvalidtokens, "]") - .replace(rvalidbraces, "")) ) { - - // Try to use the native JSON parser first - return window.JSON && window.JSON.parse ? - window.JSON.parse( data ) : - (new Function("return " + data))(); - - } else { - jQuery.error( "Invalid JSON: " + data ); - } - }, - - // Cross-browser xml parsing - // (xml & tmp used internally) - parseXML: function( data , xml , tmp ) { - - if ( window.DOMParser ) { // Standard - tmp = new DOMParser(); - xml = tmp.parseFromString( data , "text/xml" ); - } else { // IE - xml = new ActiveXObject( "Microsoft.XMLDOM" ); - xml.async = "false"; - xml.loadXML( data ); - } - - tmp = xml.documentElement; - - if ( ! tmp || ! tmp.nodeName || tmp.nodeName === "parsererror" ) { - jQuery.error( "Invalid XML: " + data ); - } - - return xml; - }, - - noop: function() {}, - - // Evalulates a script in a global context - globalEval: function( data ) { - if ( data && rnotwhite.test(data) ) { - // Inspired by code by Andrea Giammarchi - // http://webreflection.blogspot.com/2007/08/global-scope-evaluation-and-dom.html - var head = document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0] || document.documentElement, - script = document.createElement("script"); - - script.type = "text/javascript"; - - if ( jQuery.support.scriptEval() ) { - script.appendChild( document.createTextNode( data ) ); - } else { - script.text = data; - } - - // Use insertBefore instead of appendChild to circumvent an IE6 bug. - // This arises when a base node is used (#2709). - head.insertBefore( script, head.firstChild ); - head.removeChild( script ); - } - }, - - nodeName: function( elem, name ) { - return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toUpperCase() === name.toUpperCase(); - }, - - // args is for internal usage only - each: function( object, callback, args ) { - var name, i = 0, - length = object.length, - isObj = length === undefined || jQuery.isFunction(object); - - if ( args ) { - if ( isObj ) { - for ( name in object ) { - if ( callback.apply( object[ name ], args ) === false ) { - break; - } - } - } else { - for ( ; i < length; ) { - if ( callback.apply( object[ i++ ], args ) === false ) { - break; - } - } - } - - // A special, fast, case for the most common use of each - } else { - if ( isObj ) { - for ( name in object ) { - if ( callback.call( object[ name ], name, object[ name ] ) === false ) { - break; - } - } - } else { - for ( var value = object[0]; - i < length && callback.call( value, i, value ) !== false; value = object[++i] ) {} - } - } - - return object; - }, - - // Use native String.trim function wherever possible - trim: trim ? - function( text ) { - return text == null ? - "" : - trim.call( text ); - } : - - // Otherwise use our own trimming functionality - function( text ) { - return text == null ? - "" : - text.toString().replace( trimLeft, "" ).replace( trimRight, "" ); - }, - - // results is for internal usage only - makeArray: function( array, results ) { - var ret = results || []; - - if ( array != null ) { - // The window, strings (and functions) also have 'length' - // The extra typeof function check is to prevent crashes - // in Safari 2 (See: #3039) - // Tweaked logic slightly to handle Blackberry 4.7 RegExp issues #6930 - var type = jQuery.type(array); - - if ( array.length == null || type === "string" || type === "function" || type === "regexp" || jQuery.isWindow( array ) ) { - push.call( ret, array ); - } else { - jQuery.merge( ret, array ); - } - } - - return ret; - }, - - inArray: function( elem, array ) { - if ( array.indexOf ) { - return array.indexOf( elem ); - } - - for ( var i = 0, length = array.length; i < length; i++ ) { - if ( array[ i ] === elem ) { - return i; - } - } - - return -1; - }, - - merge: function( first, second ) { - var i = first.length, - j = 0; - - if ( typeof second.length === "number" ) { - for ( var l = second.length; j < l; j++ ) { - first[ i++ ] = second[ j ]; - } - - } else { - while ( second[j] !== undefined ) { - first[ i++ ] = second[ j++ ]; - } - } - - first.length = i; - - return first; - }, - - grep: function( elems, callback, inv ) { - var ret = [], retVal; - inv = !!inv; - - // Go through the array, only saving the items - // that pass the validator function - for ( var i = 0, length = elems.length; i < length; i++ ) { - retVal = !!callback( elems[ i ], i ); - if ( inv !== retVal ) { - ret.push( elems[ i ] ); - } - } - - return ret; - }, - - // arg is for internal usage only - map: function( elems, callback, arg ) { - var ret = [], value; - - // Go through the array, translating each of the items to their - // new value (or values). - for ( var i = 0, length = elems.length; i < length; i++ ) { - value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg ); - - if ( value != null ) { - ret[ ret.length ] = value; - } - } - - // Flatten any nested arrays - return ret.concat.apply( [], ret ); - }, - - // A global GUID counter for objects - guid: 1, - - proxy: function( fn, proxy, thisObject ) { - if ( arguments.length === 2 ) { - if ( typeof proxy === "string" ) { - thisObject = fn; - fn = thisObject[ proxy ]; - proxy = undefined; - - } else if ( proxy && !jQuery.isFunction( proxy ) ) { - thisObject = proxy; - proxy = undefined; - } - } - - if ( !proxy && fn ) { - proxy = function() { - return fn.apply( thisObject || this, arguments ); - }; - } - - // Set the guid of unique handler to the same of original handler, so it can be removed - if ( fn ) { - proxy.guid = fn.guid = fn.guid || proxy.guid || jQuery.guid++; - } - - // So proxy can be declared as an argument - return proxy; - }, - - // Mutifunctional method to get and set values to a collection - // The value/s can be optionally by executed if its a function - access: function( elems, key, value, exec, fn, pass ) { - var length = elems.length; - - // Setting many attributes - if ( typeof key === "object" ) { - for ( var k in key ) { - jQuery.access( elems, k, key[k], exec, fn, value ); - } - return elems; - } - - // Setting one attribute - if ( value !== undefined ) { - // Optionally, function values get executed if exec is true - exec = !pass && exec && jQuery.isFunction(value); - - for ( var i = 0; i < length; i++ ) { - fn( elems[i], key, exec ? value.call( elems[i], i, fn( elems[i], key ) ) : value, pass ); - } - - return elems; - } - - // Getting an attribute - return length ? fn( elems[0], key ) : undefined; - }, - - now: function() { - return (new Date()).getTime(); - }, - - // Create a simple deferred (one callbacks list) - _Deferred: function() { - var // callbacks list - callbacks = [], - // stored [ context , args ] - fired, - // to avoid firing when already doing so - firing, - // flag to know if the deferred has been cancelled - cancelled, - // the deferred itself - deferred = { - - // done( f1, f2, ...) - done: function() { - if ( !cancelled ) { - var args = arguments, - i, - length, - elem, - type, - _fired; - if ( fired ) { - _fired = fired; - fired = 0; - } - for ( i = 0, length = args.length; i < length; i++ ) { - elem = args[ i ]; - type = jQuery.type( elem ); - if ( type === "array" ) { - deferred.done.apply( deferred, elem ); - } else if ( type === "function" ) { - callbacks.push( elem ); - } - } - if ( _fired ) { - deferred.resolveWith( _fired[ 0 ], _fired[ 1 ] ); - } - } - return this; - }, - - // resolve with given context and args - resolveWith: function( context, args ) { - if ( !cancelled && !fired && !firing ) { - firing = 1; - try { - while( callbacks[ 0 ] ) { - callbacks.shift().apply( context, args ); - } - } - finally { - fired = [ context, args ]; - firing = 0; - } - } - return this; - }, - - // resolve with this as context and given arguments - resolve: function() { - deferred.resolveWith( jQuery.isFunction( this.promise ) ? this.promise() : this, arguments ); - return this; - }, - - // Has this deferred been resolved? - isResolved: function() { - return !!( firing || fired ); - }, - - // Cancel - cancel: function() { - cancelled = 1; - callbacks = []; - return this; - } - }; - - return deferred; - }, - - // Full fledged deferred (two callbacks list) - Deferred: function( func ) { - var deferred = jQuery._Deferred(), - failDeferred = jQuery._Deferred(), - promise; - // Add errorDeferred methods, then and promise - jQuery.extend( deferred, { - then: function( doneCallbacks, failCallbacks ) { - deferred.done( doneCallbacks ).fail( failCallbacks ); - return this; - }, - fail: failDeferred.done, - rejectWith: failDeferred.resolveWith, - reject: failDeferred.resolve, - isRejected: failDeferred.isResolved, - // Get a promise for this deferred - // If obj is provided, the promise aspect is added to the object - promise: function( obj , i /* internal */ ) { - if ( obj == null ) { - if ( promise ) { - return promise; - } - promise = obj = {}; - } - i = promiseMethods.length; - while( i-- ) { - obj[ promiseMethods[ i ] ] = deferred[ promiseMethods[ i ] ]; - } - return obj; - } - } ); - // Make sure only one callback list will be used - deferred.then( failDeferred.cancel, deferred.cancel ); - // Unexpose cancel - delete deferred.cancel; - // Call given func if any - if ( func ) { - func.call( deferred, deferred ); - } - return deferred; - }, - - // Deferred helper - when: function( object ) { - var args = arguments, - length = args.length, - deferred = length <= 1 && object && jQuery.isFunction( object.promise ) ? - object : - jQuery.Deferred(), - promise = deferred.promise(), - resolveArray; - - if ( length > 1 ) { - resolveArray = new Array( length ); - jQuery.each( args, function( index, element ) { - jQuery.when( element ).then( function( value ) { - resolveArray[ index ] = arguments.length > 1 ? slice.call( arguments, 0 ) : value; - if( ! --length ) { - deferred.resolveWith( promise, resolveArray ); - } - }, deferred.reject ); - } ); - } else if ( deferred !== object ) { - deferred.resolve( object ); - } - return promise; - }, - - // Use of jQuery.browser is frowned upon. - // More details: http://docs.jquery.com/Utilities/jQuery.browser - uaMatch: function( ua ) { - ua = ua.toLowerCase(); - - var match = rwebkit.exec( ua ) || - ropera.exec( ua ) || - rmsie.exec( ua ) || - ua.indexOf("compatible") < 0 && rmozilla.exec( ua ) || - []; - - return { browser: match[1] || "", version: match[2] || "0" }; - }, - - sub: function() { - function jQuerySubclass( selector, context ) { - return new jQuerySubclass.fn.init( selector, context ); - } - jQuery.extend( true, jQuerySubclass, this ); - jQuerySubclass.superclass = this; - jQuerySubclass.fn = jQuerySubclass.prototype = this(); - jQuerySubclass.fn.constructor = jQuerySubclass; - jQuerySubclass.subclass = this.subclass; - jQuerySubclass.fn.init = function init( selector, context ) { - if ( context && context instanceof jQuery && !(context instanceof jQuerySubclass) ) { - context = jQuerySubclass(context); - } - - return jQuery.fn.init.call( this, selector, context, rootjQuerySubclass ); - }; - jQuerySubclass.fn.init.prototype = jQuerySubclass.fn; - var rootjQuerySubclass = jQuerySubclass(document); - return jQuerySubclass; - }, - - browser: {} -}); - -// Create readyList deferred -readyList = jQuery._Deferred(); - -// Populate the class2type map -jQuery.each("Boolean Number String Function Array Date RegExp Object".split(" "), function(i, name) { - class2type[ "[object " + name + "]" ] = name.toLowerCase(); -}); - -browserMatch = jQuery.uaMatch( userAgent ); -if ( browserMatch.browser ) { - jQuery.browser[ browserMatch.browser ] = true; - jQuery.browser.version = browserMatch.version; -} - -// Deprecated, use jQuery.browser.webkit instead -if ( jQuery.browser.webkit ) { - jQuery.browser.safari = true; -} - -if ( indexOf ) { - jQuery.inArray = function( elem, array ) { - return indexOf.call( array, elem ); - }; -} - -// IE doesn't match non-breaking spaces with \s -if ( rnotwhite.test( "\xA0" ) ) { - trimLeft = /^[\s\xA0]+/; - trimRight = /[\s\xA0]+$/; -} - -// All jQuery objects should point back to these -rootjQuery = jQuery(document); - -// Cleanup functions for the document ready method -if ( document.addEventListener ) { - DOMContentLoaded = function() { - document.removeEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", DOMContentLoaded, false ); - jQuery.ready(); - }; - -} else if ( document.attachEvent ) { - DOMContentLoaded = function() { - // Make sure body exists, at least, in case IE gets a little overzealous (ticket #5443). - if ( document.readyState === "complete" ) { - document.detachEvent( "onreadystatechange", DOMContentLoaded ); - jQuery.ready(); - } - }; -} - -// The DOM ready check for Internet Explorer -function doScrollCheck() { - if ( jQuery.isReady ) { - return; - } - - try { - // If IE is used, use the trick by Diego Perini - // http://javascript.nwbox.com/IEContentLoaded/ - document.documentElement.doScroll("left"); - } catch(e) { - setTimeout( doScrollCheck, 1 ); - return; - } - - // and execute any waiting functions - jQuery.ready(); -} - -// Expose jQuery to the global object -return (window.jQuery = window.$ = jQuery); - -})(); - - -(function() { - - jQuery.support = {}; - - var div = document.createElement("div"); - - div.style.display = "none"; - div.innerHTML = "| t |