diff --git a/.changeset/fruity-clowns-pick.md b/.changeset/fruity-clowns-pick.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..47dc40621
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/fruity-clowns-pick.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@browserbasehq/stagehand": patch
+---
+
+fix: don't attach to targets twice
diff --git a/packages/core/lib/v3/understudy/context.ts b/packages/core/lib/v3/understudy/context.ts
index d5d8ae171..1d309efbb 100644
--- a/packages/core/lib/v3/understudy/context.ts
+++ b/packages/core/lib/v3/understudy/context.ts
@@ -415,6 +415,7 @@ export class V3Context {
 
     const targets = await this.conn.getTargets();
     for (const t of targets) {
+      if (t.attached) continue; // auto-attach already handled this target
       try {
         await this.conn.attachToTarget(t.targetId);
       } catch {