diff --git a/bin/latexmlc b/bin/latexmlc
index 87d22b3b5..91776dabe 100755
--- a/bin/latexmlc
+++ b/bin/latexmlc
@@ -160,13 +160,9 @@ if ($result) {
     if (!open($output_handle, ">", $opts->get('destination'))) {
       print STDERR "Fatal:I/O:forbidden Couldn't open output file " . $opts->get('destination') . ": $!";
       exit 1; }
-    if (!$is_archive) { # If we're not outputing binary data, encode to UTF-8
-      binmode($output_handle, ":encoding(UTF-8)"); }
     print $output_handle $result;
     close $output_handle;
   } else {
-    if (!$is_archive) { # If we're not outputing binary data, encode to UTF-8
-      binmode(STDOUT, ":encoding(UTF-8)"); }
     print STDOUT $result, "\n"; }    #Output to STDOUT
 }
 
diff --git a/lib/LaTeXML.pm b/lib/LaTeXML.pm
index 7c40bfa43..c94988cf2 100644
--- a/lib/LaTeXML.pm
+++ b/lib/LaTeXML.pm
@@ -315,7 +315,8 @@ sub convert {
   undef $serialized;
   if ((defined $result) && ref($result) && (ref($result) =~ /^(:?LaTe)?XML/)) {
     if (($$opts{format} =~ /x(ht)?ml/) || ($$opts{format} eq 'jats')) {
-      $serialized = $result->toString(1); }
+      $serialized = $result->toString(1); 
+      $serialized = Encode::encode('UTF-8', $serialized) if $serialized; }
     elsif ($$opts{format} =~ /^html/) {
       if (ref($result) =~ /^LaTeXML::(Post::)?Document$/) {    # Special for documents
         $serialized = $result->getDocument->toStringHTML; }
@@ -323,6 +324,7 @@ sub convert {
         do {
           local $XML::LibXML::setTagCompression = 1;
           $serialized = $result->toString(1);
+          $serialized = Encode::encode('UTF-8', $serialized) if $serialized;
           } } }
     elsif ($$opts{format} eq 'dom') {
       $serialized = $result; } }