add more algorithms for CHAOS

[catfact]

you can merge this if you want, but haven't really done serious testing of the numerical output.

(that said, the algos themselves are simple and i've used them many times - output looks 'pretty close' so i wouldn't suspect anything is too far off.)

multiple algorithms to the CHAOS operator
as discussed on lines https://llllllll.co/t/teletype-chaos/9785/35

so far i have only tested in the TT simulator. i would like to do a more thorough check that numerical behavior is basically as expected.

i took the liberty of arbitrarily scaling the parameter input to [0, 10000], since this will have different meanings for different algos. state/output is still in [-10000, 10000]; some algos may have only unipolar output depending on input.

celullar automata algo is a special case, since the state and parameters are both relatively small integers by nature. they are left unscaled.

TODO

• maybe add an LCG mode, and whatever else seems interesting.
• cellular automata output scaling is kind of weird: states are stored as bitfields in a uint8; it should really return the sum of bits, not the value itself.
• i am also not sure that the 'neighbor code' interpretation first the de facto standard defined by Wolfram. so e.g. 'rule 110' might not give what you expect.

chaos_scale_values should be called on operator init (i'm not sure where that happens) and whenever the algorithm is changed.

[burnsauce]

This code looks great!

I look forward to merging it as my first pull request!

[catfact]

[ed] went ahead and added logic for 1d binary cell-aut. output looks reasonable, though it's a sort of weird and arbitrary interpretation: the cell states are bits in an 8b value; might be better to just return the sum of bits.

[burnsauce]

Code looks good and runs fine. I'll start the work on CHAOS.ALG to integrate all this great new code!