From 1f54041865435a60b550a8f59e15130568417782 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Buster Benson Date: Sun, 23 Oct 2016 20:59:50 -0700 Subject: [PATCH] Cognitive bias cheat sheet, in JSON form Based on this post: https://betterhumans.coach.me/cognitive-bias-cheat-sheet-55a472476b18 With the help of John Manoogian III: https://www.designhacks.co/products/cognitive-bias-codex-poster Open source version here: https://bl.ocks.org/jm3/32175bc006a2ce05abd067468e4fa26c --- cognitive-bias-cheat-sheet.json | 378 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 378 insertions(+) create mode 100644 cognitive-bias-cheat-sheet.json diff --git a/cognitive-bias-cheat-sheet.json b/cognitive-bias-cheat-sheet.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..64db35a --- /dev/null +++ b/cognitive-bias-cheat-sheet.json @@ -0,0 +1,378 @@ +{ + "name": "biases", + "children": [ + + { + "name": "1. Too Much Information", + "children": [ + + { + "name": "We notice things already primed in memory or repeated often.", + "children": [ + {"name": "Availability heuristic"}, + {"name": "Attentional bias"}, + {"name": "Illusory truth effect"}, + {"name": "Mere exposure effect"}, + {"name": "Context effect"}, + {"name": "Cue-dependent forgetting"}, + {"name": "Mood-congruent memory bias"}, + {"name": "Frequency illusion"}, + {"name": "Baader-Meinhof Phenomenon"}, + {"name": "Empathy gap"}, + {"name": "Omission bias"}, + {"name": "Base rate fallacy"} + ] + }, + + { + "name": "Bizarre/funny/visually-striking/anthropomorphic things stick out more than non-bizarre/unfunny things.", + "children": [ + {"name": "Bizarreness effect"}, + {"name": "Humor effect"}, + {"name": "Von Restorff effect"}, + {"name": "Picture superiority effect"}, + {"name": "Self-relevance effect"}, + {"name": "Negativity bias"} + ] + }, + + { + "name": "We notice when something has changed.", + "children": [ + + {"name": "Anchoring"}, + {"name": "Conservatism"}, + {"name": "Contrast effect"}, + {"name": "Distinction bias"}, + {"name": "Focusing effect"}, + {"name": "Framing effect"}, + {"name": "Money illusion"}, + {"name": "Weber–Fechner law"} + + ] + }, + + { + "name": "We are drawn to details that confirm our own existing beliefs", + "children": [ + + {"name": "Confirmation bias"}, + {"name": "Congruence bias"}, + {"name": "Post-purchase rationalization"}, + {"name": "Choice-supportive bias"}, + {"name": "Selective perception"}, + {"name": "Observer-expectancy effect"}, + {"name": "Experimenter's bias"}, + {"name": "Observer effect"}, + {"name": "Expectation bias"}, + {"name": "Ostrich effect"}, + {"name": "Subjective validation"}, + {"name": "Continued influence effect"}, + {"name": "Semmelweis reflex"} + + ] + }, + + { + "name": "We notice flaws in others more easily than flaws in ourselves.", + "children": [ + + {"name": "Bias blind spot"}, + {"name": "Naïve cynicism"}, + {"name": "Naïve realism"} + + ] + } + + ] +}, + + { + "name": "2. Not Enough Meaning", + "children": [ + { + "name": "We find stories and patterns even in sparse data", + "children": [ + + {"name": "Confabulation"}, + {"name": "Clustering illusion"}, + {"name": "Insensitivity to sample size"}, + {"name": "Neglect of probability"}, + {"name": "Anecdotal fallacy"}, + {"name": "Illusion of validity"}, + {"name": "Masked man fallacy"}, + {"name": "Recency illusion"}, + {"name": "Gambler's fallacy"}, + {"name": "Hot-hand fallacy"}, + {"name": "Illusory correlation"}, + {"name": "Pareidolia"}, + {"name": "Anthropomorphism"} + + ] + }, + + { + "name": "We fill in characteristics from stereotypes, generalities, and prior histories", + "children": [ + + {"name": "Group attribution error"}, + {"name": "Ultimate attribution error"}, + {"name": "Stereotyping"}, + {"name": "Essentialism"}, + {"name": "Functional fixedness"}, + {"name": "Moral credential effect"}, + {"name": "Just-world hypothesis"}, + {"name": "Argument from fallacy"}, + {"name": "Authority bias"}, + {"name": "Automation bias"}, + {"name": "Bandwagon effect"}, + {"name": "Placebo effect"} + ] + }, + + { + "name": "We imagine things and people we're familiar with or fond of as better", + "children": [ + + {"name": "Out-group homogeneity bias"}, + {"name": "Cross-race effect"}, + {"name": "In-group bias"}, + {"name": "Halo effect"}, + {"name": "Cheerleader effect"}, + {"name": "Positivity effect"}, + {"name": "Not invented here"}, + {"name": "Reactive devaluation"}, + {"name": "Well-traveled road effect"} + + ] + }, + + { + "name": "We simplify probabilities and numbers to make them easier to think about", + "children": [ + +{"name": "Mental accounting"}, +{"name": "Appeal to probability fallacy"}, +{"name": "Normalcy bias"}, +{"name": "Murphy's Law"}, +{"name": "Zero sum bias"}, +{"name": "Survivorship bias"}, +{"name": "Subadditivity effect"}, +{"name": "Denomination effect"}, +{"name": "Magic number 7+-2"} + + ] + }, + + { + "name":"We think we know what other people are thinking", + "children": [ + + {"name": "Illusion of transparency"}, + {"name": "Curse of knowledge"}, + {"name": "Spotlight effect"}, + {"name": "Extrinsic incentive error"}, + {"name": "Illusion of external agency"}, + {"name": "Illusion of asymmetric insight"} + + ] + }, + + { + "name": "We project our current mindset and assumptions onto the past and future", + "children": [ + + {"name": "Telescoping effect"}, + {"name": "Rosy retrospection"}, + {"name": "Hindsight bias"}, + {"name": "Outcome bias"}, + {"name": "Moral luck"}, + {"name": "Declinism"}, + {"name": "Impact bias"}, + {"name": "Pessimism bias"}, + {"name": "Planning fallacy"}, + {"name": "Time-saving bias"}, + {"name": "Pro-innovation bias"}, + {"name": "Projection bias"}, + {"name": "Restraint bias"}, + {"name": "Self-consistency bias"} + + ] + } + + ] + }, + + { + "name": "3. Need To Act Fast", + "children": [ + + { + "name": "To act, we must be confident we can make an impact and feel what we do is important", + "children": [ + + {"name": "Overconfidence effect"}, + {"name": "Social desirability bias"}, + {"name": "Third-person effect"}, + {"name": "False consensus effect"}, + {"name": "Hard-easy effect"}, + {"name": "Lake Wobegone effect"}, + {"name": "Dunning-Kruger effect"}, + {"name": "Egocentric bias"}, + {"name": "Optimism bias"}, + {"name": "Forer effect"}, + {"name": "Barnum effect"}, + {"name": "Self-serving bias"}, + {"name": "Actor-observer bias"}, + {"name": "Illusion of control"}, + {"name": "Illusory superiority"}, + {"name": "Fundamental attribution error"}, + {"name": "Defensive attribution hypothesis"}, + {"name": "Trait ascription bias"}, + {"name": "Effort justification"}, + {"name": "Risk compensation"}, + {"name": "Peltzman effect"} + + ] + }, + + { + "name": "To stay focused, we favor the immediate, relatable thing in front of us", + "children": [ + + {"name": "Hyperbolic discounting"}, + {"name": "Appeal to novelty"}, + {"name": "Identifiable victim effect"} + + ] + }, + + { + "name": "To get anything done, we tend to complete things we've invested time & energy in.", + "children": [ + + {"name": "Sunk cost fallacy"}, + {"name": "Irrational escalation"}, + {"name": "Escalation of commitment"}, + {"name": "Generation effect"}, + {"name": "Loss aversion"}, + {"name": "IKEA effect"}, + {"name": "Unit bias"}, + {"name": "Zero-risk bias"}, + {"name": "Disposition effect"}, + {"name": "Pseudocertainty effect"}, + {"name": "Processing difficulty effect"}, + {"name": "Endowment effect"}, + {"name": "Backfire effect"} + + ] + }, + + { + "name": "To avoid mistakes, we tend to preserve our autonomy and group status, and avoid irreversible decisions.", + "children": [ + + {"name": "System justification"}, + {"name": "Reverse psychology"}, + {"name": "Reactance"}, + {"name": "Decoy effect"}, + {"name": "Social comparison bias"}, + {"name": "Status quo bias"} + + ] + }, + + { + "name": "We favor options that appear simple or have more complete information over more complex, ambiguous options.", + "children": [ + + {"name": "Ambiguity bias"}, + {"name": "Information bias"}, + {"name": "Belief bias"}, + {"name": "Rhyme as reason effect"}, + {"name": "Bike-shedding effect"}, + {"name": "Law of Triviality"}, + {"name": "Delmore effect"}, + {"name": "Conjunction fallacy"}, + {"name": "Occam's razor"}, + {"name": "Less-is-better effect"} + + ] + } + + ] + }, + + + { + "name": "4. What Should We Remember?", + "children": [ + + { + "name": "We edit and reinforce some memories after the fact", + "children": [ + + {"name": "Misattribution of memory"}, + {"name": "Source confusion"}, + {"name": "Cryptomnesia"}, + {"name": "False memory"}, + {"name": "Suggestibility"}, + {"name": "Spacing effect"} + + ] + }, + + { + "name": "We discard specifics to form generalities", + "children": [ + + {"name": "Implicit associations"}, + {"name": "Implicit stereotypes"}, + {"name": "Stereotypical bias"}, + {"name": "Prejudice"}, + {"name": "Negativity bias"}, + {"name": "Fading affect bias"} + + ] + }, + + { + "name": "We reduce events and lists to their key elements", + "children": [ + + {"name": "Peak–end rule"}, + {"name": "Leveling and sharpening"}, + {"name": "Misinformation effect"}, + {"name": "Serial recall effect"}, + {"name": "List-length effect"}, + {"name": "Duration neglect"}, + {"name": "Modality effect"}, + {"name": "Memory inhibition"}, + {"name": "Primacy effect"}, + {"name": "Recency effect"}, + {"name": "Part-list cueing effect"}, + {"name": "Serial position effect"}, + {"name": "Suffix effect"} + + ] + }, + + { + "name": "We store memories differently based on how they were experienced", + "children": [ + + {"name": "Levels of processing effect"}, + {"name": "Absent-mindedness"}, + {"name": "Testing effect"}, + {"name": "Next-in-line effect"}, + {"name": "Google effect"}, + {"name": "Tip of the tongue phenomenon"} + + ] + } + + ] + } + + ] +}