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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""Task results/state and results for groups of tasks."""
from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
import time
from collections import OrderedDict, deque
from contextlib import contextmanager
from copy import copy
from kombu.utils.objects import cached_property
from vine import Thenable, barrier, promise
from . import current_app, states
from ._state import _set_task_join_will_block, task_join_will_block
from .app import app_or_default
from .exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured, IncompleteStream, TimeoutError
from .five import (items, monotonic, python_2_unicode_compatible, range,
string_t)
from .utils import deprecated
from .utils.graph import DependencyGraph, GraphFormatter
try:
import tblib
except ImportError:
tblib = None
__all__ = (
'ResultBase', 'AsyncResult', 'ResultSet',
'GroupResult', 'EagerResult', 'result_from_tuple',
)
E_WOULDBLOCK = """\
Never call result.get() within a task!
See http://docs.celeryq.org/en/latest/userguide/tasks.html\
#task-synchronous-subtasks
"""
def assert_will_not_block():
if task_join_will_block():
raise RuntimeError(E_WOULDBLOCK)
@contextmanager
def allow_join_result():
reset_value = task_join_will_block()
_set_task_join_will_block(False)
try:
yield
finally:
_set_task_join_will_block(reset_value)
@contextmanager
def denied_join_result():
reset_value = task_join_will_block()
_set_task_join_will_block(True)
try:
yield
finally:
_set_task_join_will_block(reset_value)
class ResultBase(object):
"""Base class for results."""
#: Parent result (if part of a chain)
parent = None
@Thenable.register
@python_2_unicode_compatible
class AsyncResult(ResultBase):
"""Query task state.
Arguments:
id (str): See :attr:`id`.
backend (Backend): See :attr:`backend`.
"""
app = None
#: Error raised for timeouts.
TimeoutError = TimeoutError
#: The task's UUID.
id = None
#: The task result backend to use.
backend = None
def __init__(self, id, backend=None,
task_name=None, # deprecated
app=None, parent=None):
if id is None:
raise ValueError(
'AsyncResult requires valid id, not {0}'.format(type(id)))
self.app = app_or_default(app or self.app)
self.id = id
self.backend = backend or self.app.backend
self.parent = parent
self.on_ready = promise(self._on_fulfilled)
self._cache = None
self._ignored = False
@property
def ignored(self):
""""If True, task result retrieval is disabled."""
if hasattr(self, '_ignored'):
return self._ignored
return False
@ignored.setter
def ignored(self, value):
"""Enable/disable task result retrieval."""
self._ignored = value
def then(self, callback, on_error=None, weak=False):
self.backend.add_pending_result(self, weak=weak)
return self.on_ready.then(callback, on_error)
def _on_fulfilled(self, result):
self.backend.remove_pending_result(self)
return result
def as_tuple(self):
parent = self.parent
return (self.id, parent and parent.as_tuple()), None
def forget(self):
"""Forget about (and possibly remove the result of) this task."""
self._cache = None
self.backend.forget(self.id)
def revoke(self, connection=None, terminate=False, signal=None,
wait=False, timeout=None):
"""Send revoke signal to all workers.
Any worker receiving the task, or having reserved the
task, *must* ignore it.
Arguments:
terminate (bool): Also terminate the process currently working
on the task (if any).
signal (str): Name of signal to send to process if terminate.
Default is TERM.
wait (bool): Wait for replies from workers.
The ``timeout`` argument specifies the seconds to wait.
Disabled by default.
timeout (float): Time in seconds to wait for replies when
``wait`` is enabled.
"""
self.app.control.revoke(self.id, connection=connection,
terminate=terminate, signal=signal,
reply=wait, timeout=timeout)
def get(self, timeout=None, propagate=True, interval=0.5,
no_ack=True, follow_parents=True, callback=None, on_message=None,
on_interval=None, disable_sync_subtasks=True,
EXCEPTION_STATES=states.EXCEPTION_STATES,
PROPAGATE_STATES=states.PROPAGATE_STATES):
"""Wait until task is ready, and return its result.
Warning:
Waiting for tasks within a task may lead to deadlocks.
Please read :ref:`task-synchronous-subtasks`.
Warning:
Backends use resources to store and transmit results. To ensure
that resources are released, you must eventually call
:meth:`~@AsyncResult.get` or :meth:`~@AsyncResult.forget` on
EVERY :class:`~@AsyncResult` instance returned after calling
a task.
Arguments:
timeout (float): How long to wait, in seconds, before the
operation times out.
propagate (bool): Re-raise exception if the task failed.
interval (float): Time to wait (in seconds) before retrying to
retrieve the result. Note that this does not have any effect
when using the RPC/redis result store backends, as they don't
use polling.
no_ack (bool): Enable amqp no ack (automatically acknowledge
message). If this is :const:`False` then the message will
**not be acked**.
follow_parents (bool): Re-raise any exception raised by
parent tasks.
disable_sync_subtasks (bool): Disable tasks to wait for sub tasks
this is the default configuration. CAUTION do not enable this
unless you must.
Raises:
celery.exceptions.TimeoutError: if `timeout` isn't
:const:`None` and the result does not arrive within
`timeout` seconds.
Exception: If the remote call raised an exception then that
exception will be re-raised in the caller process.
"""
if self.ignored:
return
if disable_sync_subtasks:
assert_will_not_block()
_on_interval = promise()
if follow_parents and propagate and self.parent:
on_interval = promise(self._maybe_reraise_parent_error)
self._maybe_reraise_parent_error()
if on_interval:
_on_interval.then(on_interval)
if self._cache:
if propagate:
self.maybe_throw(callback=callback)
return self.result
self.backend.add_pending_result(self)
return self.backend.wait_for_pending(
self, timeout=timeout,
interval=interval,
on_interval=_on_interval,
no_ack=no_ack,
propagate=propagate,
callback=callback,
on_message=on_message,
)
wait = get # deprecated alias to :meth:`get`.
def _maybe_reraise_parent_error(self):
for node in reversed(list(self._parents())):
node.maybe_throw()
def _parents(self):
node = self.parent
while node:
yield node
node = node.parent
def collect(self, intermediate=False, **kwargs):
"""Collect results as they return.
Iterator, like :meth:`get` will wait for the task to complete,
but will also follow :class:`AsyncResult` and :class:`ResultSet`
returned by the task, yielding ``(result, value)`` tuples for each
result in the tree.
An example would be having the following tasks:
.. code-block:: python
from celery import group
from proj.celery import app
@app.task(trail=True)
def A(how_many):
return group(B.s(i) for i in range(how_many))()
@app.task(trail=True)
def B(i):
return pow2.delay(i)
@app.task(trail=True)
def pow2(i):
return i ** 2
.. code-block:: pycon
>>> from celery.result import ResultBase
>>> from proj.tasks import A
>>> result = A.delay(10)
>>> [v for v in result.collect()
... if not isinstance(v, (ResultBase, tuple))]
[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]
Note:
The ``Task.trail`` option must be enabled
so that the list of children is stored in ``result.children``.
This is the default but enabled explicitly for illustration.
Yields:
Tuple[AsyncResult, Any]: tuples containing the result instance
of the child task, and the return value of that task.
"""
for _, R in self.iterdeps(intermediate=intermediate):
yield R, R.get(**kwargs)
def get_leaf(self):
value = None
for _, R in self.iterdeps():
value = R.get()
return value
def iterdeps(self, intermediate=False):
stack = deque([(None, self)])
while stack:
parent, node = stack.popleft()
yield parent, node
if node.ready():
stack.extend((node, child) for child in node.children or [])
else:
if not intermediate:
raise IncompleteStream()
def ready(self):
"""Return :const:`True` if the task has executed.
If the task is still running, pending, or is waiting
for retry then :const:`False` is returned.
"""
return self.state in self.backend.READY_STATES
def successful(self):
"""Return :const:`True` if the task executed successfully."""
return self.state == states.SUCCESS
def failed(self):
"""Return :const:`True` if the task failed."""
return self.state == states.FAILURE
def throw(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.on_ready.throw(*args, **kwargs)
def maybe_throw(self, propagate=True, callback=None):
cache = self._get_task_meta() if self._cache is None else self._cache
state, value, tb = (
cache['status'], cache['result'], cache.get('traceback'))
if state in states.PROPAGATE_STATES and propagate:
self.throw(value, self._to_remote_traceback(tb))
if callback is not None:
callback(self.id, value)
return value
maybe_reraise = maybe_throw # XXX compat alias
def _to_remote_traceback(self, tb):
if tb and tblib is not None and self.app.conf.task_remote_tracebacks:
return tblib.Traceback.from_string(tb).as_traceback()
def build_graph(self, intermediate=False, formatter=None):
graph = DependencyGraph(
formatter=formatter or GraphFormatter(root=self.id, shape='oval'),
)
for parent, node in self.iterdeps(intermediate=intermediate):
graph.add_arc(node)
if parent:
graph.add_edge(parent, node)
return graph
def __str__(self):
"""`str(self) -> self.id`."""
return str(self.id)
def __hash__(self):
"""`hash(self) -> hash(self.id)`."""
return hash(self.id)
def __repr__(self):
return '<{0}: {1}>'.format(type(self).__name__, self.id)
def __eq__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, AsyncResult):
return other.id == self.id
elif isinstance(other, string_t):
return other == self.id
return NotImplemented
def __ne__(self, other):
res = self.__eq__(other)
return True if res is NotImplemented else not res
def __copy__(self):
return self.__class__(
self.id, self.backend, None, self.app, self.parent,
)
def __reduce__(self):
return self.__class__, self.__reduce_args__()
def __reduce_args__(self):
return self.id, self.backend, None, None, self.parent
def __del__(self):
"""Cancel pending operations when the instance is destroyed."""
if self.backend is not None:
self.backend.remove_pending_result(self)
@cached_property
def graph(self):
return self.build_graph()
@property
def supports_native_join(self):
return self.backend.supports_native_join
@property
def children(self):
return self._get_task_meta().get('children')
def _maybe_set_cache(self, meta):
if meta:
state = meta['status']
if state in states.READY_STATES:
d = self._set_cache(self.backend.meta_from_decoded(meta))
self.on_ready(self)
return d
return meta
def _get_task_meta(self):
if self._cache is None:
return self._maybe_set_cache(self.backend.get_task_meta(self.id))
return self._cache
def _iter_meta(self):
return iter([self._get_task_meta()])
def _set_cache(self, d):
children = d.get('children')
if children:
d['children'] = [
result_from_tuple(child, self.app) for child in children
]
self._cache = d
return d
@property
def result(self):
"""Task return value.
Note:
When the task has been executed, this contains the return value.
If the task raised an exception, this will be the exception
instance.
"""
return self._get_task_meta()['result']
info = result
@property
def traceback(self):
"""Get the traceback of a failed task."""
return self._get_task_meta().get('traceback')
@property
def state(self):
"""The tasks current state.
Possible values includes:
*PENDING*
The task is waiting for execution.
*STARTED*
The task has been started.
*RETRY*
The task is to be retried, possibly because of failure.
*FAILURE*
The task raised an exception, or has exceeded the retry limit.
The :attr:`result` attribute then contains the
exception raised by the task.
*SUCCESS*
The task executed successfully. The :attr:`result` attribute
then contains the tasks return value.
"""
return self._get_task_meta()['status']
status = state # XXX compat
@property
def task_id(self):
"""Compat. alias to :attr:`id`."""
return self.id
@task_id.setter # noqa
def task_id(self, id):
self.id = id
@Thenable.register
@python_2_unicode_compatible
class ResultSet(ResultBase):
"""A collection of results.
Arguments:
results (Sequence[AsyncResult]): List of result instances.
"""
_app = None
#: List of results in in the set.
results = None
def __init__(self, results, app=None, ready_barrier=None, **kwargs):
self._app = app
self._cache = None
self.results = results
self.on_ready = promise(args=(self,))
self._on_full = ready_barrier or barrier(results)
if self._on_full:
self._on_full.then(promise(self._on_ready))
def add(self, result):
"""Add :class:`AsyncResult` as a new member of the set.
Does nothing if the result is already a member.
"""
if result not in self.results:
self.results.append(result)
if self._on_full:
self._on_full.add(result)
def _on_ready(self):
if self.backend.is_async:
self._cache = [r.get() for r in self.results]
self.on_ready()
def remove(self, result):
"""Remove result from the set; it must be a member.
Raises:
KeyError: if the result isn't a member.
"""
if isinstance(result, string_t):
result = self.app.AsyncResult(result)
try:
self.results.remove(result)
except ValueError:
raise KeyError(result)
def discard(self, result):
"""Remove result from the set if it is a member.
Does nothing if it's not a member.
"""
try:
self.remove(result)
except KeyError:
pass
def update(self, results):
"""Extend from iterable of results."""
self.results.extend(r for r in results if r not in self.results)
def clear(self):
"""Remove all results from this set."""
self.results[:] = [] # don't create new list.
def successful(self):
"""Return true if all tasks successful.
Returns:
bool: true if all of the tasks finished
successfully (i.e. didn't raise an exception).
"""
return all(result.successful() for result in self.results)
def failed(self):
"""Return true if any of the tasks failed.
Returns:
bool: true if one of the tasks failed.
(i.e., raised an exception)
"""
return any(result.failed() for result in self.results)
def maybe_throw(self, callback=None, propagate=True):
for result in self.results:
result.maybe_throw(callback=callback, propagate=propagate)
maybe_reraise = maybe_throw # XXX compat alias.
def waiting(self):
"""Return true if any of the tasks are incomplete.
Returns:
bool: true if one of the tasks are still
waiting for execution.
"""
return any(not result.ready() for result in self.results)
def ready(self):
"""Did all of the tasks complete? (either by success of failure).
Returns:
bool: true if all of the tasks have been executed.
"""
return all(result.ready() for result in self.results)
def completed_count(self):
"""Task completion count.
Returns:
int: the number of tasks completed.
"""
return sum(int(result.successful()) for result in self.results)
def forget(self):
"""Forget about (and possible remove the result of) all the tasks."""
for result in self.results:
result.forget()
def revoke(self, connection=None, terminate=False, signal=None,
wait=False, timeout=None):
"""Send revoke signal to all workers for all tasks in the set.
Arguments:
terminate (bool): Also terminate the process currently working
on the task (if any).
signal (str): Name of signal to send to process if terminate.
Default is TERM.
wait (bool): Wait for replies from worker.
The ``timeout`` argument specifies the number of seconds
to wait. Disabled by default.
timeout (float): Time in seconds to wait for replies when
the ``wait`` argument is enabled.
"""
self.app.control.revoke([r.id for r in self.results],
connection=connection, timeout=timeout,
terminate=terminate, signal=signal, reply=wait)
def __iter__(self):
return iter(self.results)
def __getitem__(self, index):
"""`res[i] -> res.results[i]`."""
return self.results[index]
@deprecated.Callable('4.0', '5.0')
def iterate(self, timeout=None, propagate=True, interval=0.5):
"""Deprecated method, use :meth:`get` with a callback argument."""
elapsed = 0.0
results = OrderedDict((result.id, copy(result))
for result in self.results)
while results:
removed = set()
for task_id, result in items(results):
if result.ready():
yield result.get(timeout=timeout and timeout - elapsed,
propagate=propagate)
removed.add(task_id)
else:
if result.backend.subpolling_interval:
time.sleep(result.backend.subpolling_interval)
for task_id in removed:
results.pop(task_id, None)
time.sleep(interval)
elapsed += interval
if timeout and elapsed >= timeout:
raise TimeoutError('The operation timed out')
def get(self, timeout=None, propagate=True, interval=0.5,
callback=None, no_ack=True, on_message=None,
disable_sync_subtasks=True, on_interval=None):
"""See :meth:`join`.
This is here for API compatibility with :class:`AsyncResult`,
in addition it uses :meth:`join_native` if available for the
current result backend.
"""
if self._cache is not None:
return self._cache
return (self.join_native if self.supports_native_join else self.join)(
timeout=timeout, propagate=propagate,
interval=interval, callback=callback, no_ack=no_ack,
on_message=on_message, disable_sync_subtasks=disable_sync_subtasks,
on_interval=on_interval,
)
def join(self, timeout=None, propagate=True, interval=0.5,
callback=None, no_ack=True, on_message=None,
disable_sync_subtasks=True, on_interval=None):
"""Gather the results of all tasks as a list in order.
Note:
This can be an expensive operation for result store
backends that must resort to polling (e.g., database).
You should consider using :meth:`join_native` if your backend
supports it.
Warning:
Waiting for tasks within a task may lead to deadlocks.
Please see :ref:`task-synchronous-subtasks`.
Arguments:
timeout (float): The number of seconds to wait for results
before the operation times out.
propagate (bool): If any of the tasks raises an exception,
the exception will be re-raised when this flag is set.
interval (float): Time to wait (in seconds) before retrying to
retrieve a result from the set. Note that this does not have
any effect when using the amqp result store backend,
as it does not use polling.
callback (Callable): Optional callback to be called for every
result received. Must have signature ``(task_id, value)``
No results will be returned by this function if a callback
is specified. The order of results is also arbitrary when a
callback is used. To get access to the result object for
a particular id you'll have to generate an index first:
``index = {r.id: r for r in gres.results.values()}``
Or you can create new result objects on the fly:
``result = app.AsyncResult(task_id)`` (both will
take advantage of the backend cache anyway).
no_ack (bool): Automatic message acknowledgment (Note that if this
is set to :const:`False` then the messages
*will not be acknowledged*).
disable_sync_subtasks (bool): Disable tasks to wait for sub tasks
this is the default configuration. CAUTION do not enable this
unless you must.
Raises:
celery.exceptions.TimeoutError: if ``timeout`` isn't
:const:`None` and the operation takes longer than ``timeout``
seconds.
"""
if disable_sync_subtasks:
assert_will_not_block()
time_start = monotonic()
remaining = None
if on_message is not None:
raise ImproperlyConfigured(
'Backend does not support on_message callback')
results = []
for result in self.results:
remaining = None
if timeout:
remaining = timeout - (monotonic() - time_start)
if remaining <= 0.0:
raise TimeoutError('join operation timed out')
value = result.get(
timeout=remaining, propagate=propagate,
interval=interval, no_ack=no_ack, on_interval=on_interval,
)
if callback:
callback(result.id, value)
else:
results.append(value)
return results
def then(self, callback, on_error=None, weak=False):
return self.on_ready.then(callback, on_error)
def iter_native(self, timeout=None, interval=0.5, no_ack=True,
on_message=None, on_interval=None):
"""Backend optimized version of :meth:`iterate`.
.. versionadded:: 2.2
Note that this does not support collecting the results
for different task types using different backends.
This is currently only supported by the amqp, Redis and cache
result backends.
"""
return self.backend.iter_native(
self,
timeout=timeout, interval=interval, no_ack=no_ack,
on_message=on_message, on_interval=on_interval,
)
def join_native(self, timeout=None, propagate=True,
interval=0.5, callback=None, no_ack=True,
on_message=None, on_interval=None,
disable_sync_subtasks=True):
"""Backend optimized version of :meth:`join`.
.. versionadded:: 2.2
Note that this does not support collecting the results
for different task types using different backends.
This is currently only supported by the amqp, Redis and cache
result backends.
"""
if disable_sync_subtasks:
assert_will_not_block()
order_index = None if callback else {
result.id: i for i, result in enumerate(self.results)
}
acc = None if callback else [None for _ in range(len(self))]
for task_id, meta in self.iter_native(timeout, interval, no_ack,
on_message, on_interval):
value = meta['result']
if propagate and meta['status'] in states.PROPAGATE_STATES:
raise value
if callback:
callback(task_id, value)
else:
acc[order_index[task_id]] = value
return acc
def _iter_meta(self):
return (meta for _, meta in self.backend.get_many(
{r.id for r in self.results}, max_iterations=1,
))
def _failed_join_report(self):
return (res for res in self.results
if res.backend.is_cached(res.id) and
res.state in states.PROPAGATE_STATES)
def __len__(self):
return len(self.results)
def __eq__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, ResultSet):
return other.results == self.results
return NotImplemented
def __ne__(self, other):
res = self.__eq__(other)
return True if res is NotImplemented else not res
def __repr__(self):
return '<{0}: [{1}]>'.format(type(self).__name__,
', '.join(r.id for r in self.results))
@property
def supports_native_join(self):
try:
return self.results[0].supports_native_join
except IndexError:
pass
@property
def app(self):
if self._app is None:
self._app = (self.results[0].app if self.results else
current_app._get_current_object())
return self._app
@app.setter
def app(self, app): # noqa
self._app = app
@property
def backend(self):
return self.app.backend if self.app else self.results[0].backend
@Thenable.register
@python_2_unicode_compatible
class GroupResult(ResultSet):
"""Like :class:`ResultSet`, but with an associated id.
This type is returned by :class:`~celery.group`.
It enables inspection of the tasks state and return values as
a single entity.
Arguments:
id (str): The id of the group.
results (Sequence[AsyncResult]): List of result instances.
parent (ResultBase): Parent result of this group.
"""
#: The UUID of the group.
id = None
#: List/iterator of results in the group
results = None
def __init__(self, id=None, results=None, parent=None, **kwargs):
self.id = id
self.parent = parent
ResultSet.__init__(self, results, **kwargs)
def _on_ready(self):
self.backend.remove_pending_result(self)
ResultSet._on_ready(self)
def save(self, backend=None):
"""Save group-result for later retrieval using :meth:`restore`.
Example:
>>> def save_and_restore(result):
... result.save()
... result = GroupResult.restore(result.id)
"""
return (backend or self.app.backend).save_group(self.id, self)
def delete(self, backend=None):
"""Remove this result if it was previously saved."""
(backend or self.app.backend).delete_group(self.id)
def __reduce__(self):
return self.__class__, self.__reduce_args__()
def __reduce_args__(self):
return self.id, self.results
def __bool__(self):
return bool(self.id or self.results)
__nonzero__ = __bool__ # Included for Py2 backwards compatibility
def __eq__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, GroupResult):
return (
other.id == self.id and
other.results == self.results and
other.parent == self.parent
)
return NotImplemented
def __ne__(self, other):
res = self.__eq__(other)
return True if res is NotImplemented else not res
def __repr__(self):
return '<{0}: {1} [{2}]>'.format(type(self).__name__, self.id,
', '.join(r.id for r in self.results))
def as_tuple(self):
return (
(self.id, self.parent and self.parent.as_tuple()),
[r.as_tuple() for r in self.results]
)
@property
def children(self):
return self.results
@classmethod
def restore(cls, id, backend=None, app=None):
"""Restore previously saved group result."""
app = app or (
cls.app if not isinstance(cls.app, property) else current_app
)
backend = backend or app.backend
return backend.restore_group(id)
@Thenable.register
@python_2_unicode_compatible
class EagerResult(AsyncResult):
"""Result that we know has already been executed."""
def __init__(self, id, ret_value, state, traceback=None):
# pylint: disable=super-init-not-called
# XXX should really not be inheriting from AsyncResult
self.id = id
self._result = ret_value
self._state = state
self._traceback = traceback
self.on_ready = promise()
self.on_ready(self)
def then(self, callback, on_error=None, weak=False):
return self.on_ready.then(callback, on_error)
def _get_task_meta(self):
return self._cache
def __reduce__(self):
return self.__class__, self.__reduce_args__()
def __reduce_args__(self):
return (self.id, self._result, self._state, self._traceback)
def __copy__(self):
cls, args = self.__reduce__()
return cls(*args)
def ready(self):
return True
def get(self, timeout=None, propagate=True,
disable_sync_subtasks=True, **kwargs):
if disable_sync_subtasks:
assert_will_not_block()
if self.successful():
return self.result
elif self.state in states.PROPAGATE_STATES:
if propagate:
raise self.result
return self.result
wait = get # XXX Compat (remove 5.0)
def forget(self):
pass
def revoke(self, *args, **kwargs):
self._state = states.REVOKED
def __repr__(self):
return '<EagerResult: {0.id}>'.format(self)
@property
def _cache(self):
return {
'task_id': self.id,
'result': self._result,
'status': self._state,
'traceback': self._traceback,
}
@property
def result(self):
"""The tasks return value."""
return self._result
@property
def state(self):
"""The tasks state."""
return self._state
status = state
@property
def traceback(self):
"""The traceback if the task failed."""
return self._traceback
@property
def supports_native_join(self):
return False
def result_from_tuple(r, app=None):
"""Deserialize result from tuple."""
# earlier backends may just pickle, so check if
# result is already prepared.
app = app_or_default(app)
Result = app.AsyncResult
if not isinstance(r, ResultBase):
res, nodes = r
id, parent = res if isinstance(res, (list, tuple)) else (res, None)
if parent:
parent = result_from_tuple(parent, app)
if nodes is not None:
return app.GroupResult(
id, [result_from_tuple(child, app) for child in nodes],
parent=parent,
)
return Result(id, parent=parent)
return r