Extend the `ImageCatalog` resource to cover for extensions

[gbartolini]

Please modify the ImageCatalog and ClusterImageCatalog resources to include a list of one or more extension images that are certified for specific major versions of PostgreSQL and the operating system. Additionally, provide the default values for the following options, when not empty:

• shared_preload_libraries
• extension_control_path
• dynamic_library_path
• ld_library_path

This task may also involve developing code in this repository or another application that generates the catalog for a given PostgreSQL and operating system version pair and outputs it to stdout.

This is related to issue #8495.