terraform-aws-transit-gateway

Terraform module to provision:

AWS Transit Gateway
AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM) Resource Share to share the Transit Gateway with the Organization or another AWS Account (configurable via the variables ram_resource_share_enabled and ram_principal)
Transit Gateway route table
Transit Gateway VPC attachments to connect multiple VPCs via the Transit Gateway
Transit Gateway route table propagations to create propagated routes and allow traffic from the Transit Gateway to the VPC attachments
Transit Gateway route table associations to allow traffic from the VPC attachments to the Transit Gateway
Transit Gateway static routes (static routes have a higher precedence than propagated routes)
Subnet routes to route traffic from the subnets in each VPC to the other Transit Gateway VPC attachments

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Introduction

This module is configurable via the variable transit_gateway_config - see usage and examples below.

The variable transit_gateway_config is a map of environment names (e.g. prod, staging, dev) to the environment configurations.

Each environment configuration contains the following fields:

vpc_id - The ID of the VPC for which to create a VPC attachment and route table associations and propagations.
vpc_cidr - VPC CIDR block.
subnet_ids - The IDs of the subnets in the VPC.
static_routes - A list of Transit Gateway static route configurations. Note that static routes have a higher precedence than propagated routes.
subnet_route_table_ids - The IDs of the subnet route tables. The route tables are used to add routes to allow traffix from the subnets in one VPC to the other VPC attachments.
route_to - A set of environment names to route traffic from the current environment to the specified environments. In the example below, in the prod environment we create subnet routes to route traffic from the prod subnets to the VPC attachments in the staging and dev environments. Specify either route_to or route_to_cidr_blocks. route_to_cidr_blocks supersedes route_to.
route_to_cidr_blocks - A set of VPC CIDR blocks to route traffic from the current environment to the specified VPC CIDR blocks. In the example below, in the staging environment we create subnet routes to route traffic from the staging subnets to the dev VPC CIDR. Specify either route_to or route_to_cidr_blocks. route_to_cidr_blocks supersedes route_to.
transit_gateway_vpc_attachment_id - An existing Transit Gateway Attachment ID. If provided, the module will use it instead of creating a new one.

You now have the option to have Terraform manage route table entries by key, whereas previously they were only managed by index. The advantage of managing them by key is that if a route table ID or destination CIDR changes, only that entry is affected, whereas when managed by index, all the entries after the first affected index may be destroyed and re-created at a different index. The reason this is left as an option, with the default being to manage the entries by index, is that if you are creating the VPC or subnets at the same time you are creating the Transit Gateway, then Terraform will not be able to generate the keys during the plan phase and the plan will fail with the error The "for_each" value depends on resource attributes that cannot be determined until apply.... We recommend setting route_keys_enabled to true unless you get this error, in which case you must leave it set to its default value of false.

NOTE: This module requires Terraform 0.13 and newer since it uses module expansion with for_each.

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Usage

Here's how to invoke this module in your projects:

locals {
  transit_gateway_config = {
    prod = {
      vpc_id                            = module.vpc_prod.vpc_id
      vpc_cidr                          = module.vpc_prod.vpc_cidr_block
      subnet_ids                        = module.subnets_prod.private_subnet_ids
      subnet_route_table_ids            = module.subnets_prod.private_route_table_ids
      route_to                          = ["staging", "dev"]
      route_to_cidr_blocks              = null
      transit_gateway_vpc_attachment_id = null

      static_routes = [
        {
          blackhole              = true
          destination_cidr_block = "0.0.0.0/0"
        },
        {
          blackhole              = false
          destination_cidr_block = "172.16.1.0/24"
        }
      ]
    },

    staging = {
      vpc_id                            = module.vpc_staging.vpc_id
      vpc_cidr                          = module.vpc_staging.vpc_cidr_block
      subnet_ids                        = module.subnets_staging.private_subnet_ids
      subnet_route_table_ids            = module.subnets_staging.private_route_table_ids
      route_to                          = null
      route_to_cidr_blocks              = [module.vpc_dev.vpc_cidr_block]
      transit_gateway_vpc_attachment_id = null

      static_routes = [
        {
          blackhole              = false
          destination_cidr_block = "172.32.1.0/24"
        }
      ]
    },

    dev = {
      vpc_id                            = module.vpc_dev.vpc_id
      vpc_cidr                          = module.vpc_dev.vpc_cidr_block
      subnet_ids                        = module.subnets_dev.private_subnet_ids
      subnet_route_table_ids            = module.subnets_dev.private_route_table_ids
      route_to                          = null
      route_to_cidr_blocks              = null
      transit_gateway_vpc_attachment_id = null
      static_routes                     = null
    }
  }
}

module "transit_gateway" {
  source = "cloudposse/transit-gateway/aws"
  # Cloud Posse recommends pinning every module to a specific version
  # version     = "x.x.x"

  ram_resource_share_enabled = false
  config                     = local.transit_gateway_config

  context = module.this.context
}

Important

In Cloud Posse's examples, we avoid pinning modules to specific versions to prevent discrepancies between the documentation and the latest released versions. However, for your own projects, we strongly advise pinning each module to the exact version you're using. This practice ensures the stability of your infrastructure. Additionally, we recommend implementing a systematic approach for updating versions to avoid unexpected changes.

Examples

Here is a working example of using this module:

examples/complete

Here are automated tests for the complete example using bats and Terratest (which tests and deploys the example on AWS):

test

Here is an example of using this module in a multi-account environment (with the Transit Gateway in one AWS account and all the VPC attachments and routes in different AWS accounts):

examples/multi-account

Makefile Targets

Available targets:

  help                                Help screen
  help/all                            Display help for all targets
  help/short                          This help short screen
  lint                                Lint terraform code

Requirements

Name	Version
terraform	>= 1.3
aws	>= 4.4.0

Providers

Name	Version
aws	>= 4.4.0

Modules

Name	Source	Version
subnet_route	./modules/subnet_route	n/a
this	cloudposse/label/null	0.25.0
transit_gateway_route	./modules/transit_gateway_route	n/a

Resources

Name	Type
aws_ec2_transit_gateway.default	resource
aws_ec2_transit_gateway_route_table.default	resource
aws_ec2_transit_gateway_route_table_association.default	resource
aws_ec2_transit_gateway_route_table_propagation.default	resource
aws_ec2_transit_gateway_vpc_attachment.default	resource
aws_ram_principal_association.default	resource
aws_ram_resource_association.default	resource
aws_ram_resource_share.default	resource
aws_ec2_transit_gateway.this	data source
aws_organizations_organization.default	data source
aws_vpc.default	data source

Inputs

Name	Description	Type	Default	Required
additional_tag_map	Additional key-value pairs to add to each map in `tags_as_list_of_maps`. Not added to `tags` or `id`. This is for some rare cases where resources want additional configuration of tags and therefore take a list of maps with tag key, value, and additional configuration.	`map(string)`	`{}`	no
allow_external_principals	Indicates whether principals outside your organization can be associated with a resource share	`bool`	`false`	no
attributes	ID element. Additional attributes (e.g. `workers` or `cluster`) to add to `id`, in the order they appear in the list. New attributes are appended to the end of the list. The elements of the list are joined by the `delimiter` and treated as a single ID element.	`list(string)`	`[]`	no
auto_accept_shared_attachments	Whether resource attachment requests are automatically accepted. Valid values: `disable`, `enable`. Default value: `disable`	`string`	`"enable"`	no
config	Configuration for VPC attachments, Transit Gateway routes, and subnet routes	map(object({ vpc_id = string vpc_cidr = string subnet_ids = set(string) subnet_route_table_ids = set(string) route_to = set(string) route_to_cidr_blocks = set(string) transit_gateway_vpc_attachment_id = string static_routes = set(object({ blackhole = bool destination_cidr_block = string })) }))	`null`	no
context	Single object for setting entire context at once. See description of individual variables for details. Leave string and numeric variables as `null` to use default value. Individual variable settings (non-null) override settings in context object, except for attributes, tags, and additional_tag_map, which are merged.	`any`	{ "additional_tag_map": {}, "attributes": [], "delimiter": null, "descriptor_formats": {}, "enabled": true, "environment": null, "id_length_limit": null, "label_key_case": null, "label_order": [], "label_value_case": null, "labels_as_tags": [ "unset" ], "name": null, "namespace": null, "regex_replace_chars": null, "stage": null, "tags": {}, "tenant": null }	no
create_transit_gateway	Whether to create a Transit Gateway. If set to `false`, an existing Transit Gateway ID must be provided in the variable `existing_transit_gateway_id`	`bool`	`true`	no
create_transit_gateway_route_table	Whether to create a Transit Gateway Route Table. If set to `false`, an existing Transit Gateway Route Table ID must be provided in the variable `existing_transit_gateway_route_table_id`	`bool`	`true`	no
create_transit_gateway_route_table_association_and_propagation	Whether to create Transit Gateway Route Table associations and propagations	`bool`	`true`	no
create_transit_gateway_vpc_attachment	Whether to create Transit Gateway VPC Attachments	`bool`	`true`	no
default_route_table_association	Whether resource attachments are automatically associated with the default association route table. Valid values: `disable`, `enable`. Default value: `disable`	`string`	`"disable"`	no
default_route_table_propagation	Whether resource attachments automatically propagate routes to the default propagation route table. Valid values: `disable`, `enable`. Default value: `disable`	`string`	`"disable"`	no
delimiter	Delimiter to be used between ID elements. Defaults to `-` (hyphen). Set to `""` to use no delimiter at all.	`string`	`null`	no
descriptor_formats	Describe additional descriptors to be output in the `descriptors` output map. Map of maps. Keys are names of descriptors. Values are maps of the form `{<br> format = string<br> labels = list(string)<br>}` (Type is `any` so the map values can later be enhanced to provide additional options.) `format` is a Terraform format string to be passed to the `format()` function. `labels` is a list of labels, in order, to pass to `format()` function. Label values will be normalized before being passed to `format()` so they will be identical to how they appear in `id`. Default is `{}` (`descriptors` output will be empty).	`any`	`{}`	no
dns_support	Whether resource attachments automatically propagate routes to the default propagation route table. Valid values: `disable`, `enable`. Default value: `enable`	`string`	`"enable"`	no
enabled	Set to false to prevent the module from creating any resources	`bool`	`null`	no
environment	ID element. Usually used for region e.g. 'uw2', 'us-west-2', OR role 'prod', 'staging', 'dev', 'UAT'	`string`	`null`	no
existing_transit_gateway_id	Existing Transit Gateway ID. If provided, the module will not create a Transit Gateway but instead will use the existing one	`string`	`null`	no
existing_transit_gateway_route_table_id	Existing Transit Gateway Route Table ID. If provided, the module will not create a Transit Gateway Route Table but instead will use the existing one	`string`	`null`	no
id_length_limit	Limit `id` to this many characters (minimum 6). Set to `0` for unlimited length. Set to `null` for keep the existing setting, which defaults to `0`. Does not affect `id_full`.	`number`	`null`	no
label_key_case	Controls the letter case of the `tags` keys (label names) for tags generated by this module. Does not affect keys of tags passed in via the `tags` input. Possible values: `lower`, `title`, `upper`. Default value: `title`.	`string`	`null`	no
label_order	The order in which the labels (ID elements) appear in the `id`. Defaults to ["namespace", "environment", "stage", "name", "attributes"]. You can omit any of the 6 labels ("tenant" is the 6th), but at least one must be present.	`list(string)`	`null`	no
label_value_case	Controls the letter case of ID elements (labels) as included in `id`, set as tag values, and output by this module individually. Does not affect values of tags passed in via the `tags` input. Possible values: `lower`, `title`, `upper` and `none` (no transformation). Set this to `title` and set `delimiter` to `""` to yield Pascal Case IDs. Default value: `lower`.	`string`	`null`	no
labels_as_tags	Set of labels (ID elements) to include as tags in the `tags` output. Default is to include all labels. Tags with empty values will not be included in the `tags` output. Set to `[]` to suppress all generated tags. Notes: The value of the `name` tag, if included, will be the `id`, not the `name`. Unlike other `null-label` inputs, the initial setting of `labels_as_tags` cannot be changed in later chained modules. Attempts to change it will be silently ignored.	`set(string)`	[ "default" ]	no
name	ID element. Usually the component or solution name, e.g. 'app' or 'jenkins'. This is the only ID element not also included as a `tag`. The "name" tag is set to the full `id` string. There is no tag with the value of the `name` input.	`string`	`null`	no
namespace	ID element. Usually an abbreviation of your organization name, e.g. 'eg' or 'cp', to help ensure generated IDs are globally unique	`string`	`null`	no
ram_principal	DEPRECATED, please use ram_principals instead. The principal to associate with the resource share. Possible values are an AWS account ID, an Organization ARN, or an Organization Unit ARN.	`string`	`null`	no
ram_principals	A list of principals to associate with the resource share. Possible values are: * AWS account ID * Organization ARN * Organization Unit ARN If this (and var.ram_principal) is not provided and `ram_resource_share_enabled` is `true`, the Organization ARN will be used.	`list(string)`	`[]`	no
ram_resource_share_enabled	Whether to enable sharing the Transit Gateway with the Organization using Resource Access Manager (RAM)	`bool`	`false`	no
regex_replace_chars	Terraform regular expression (regex) string. Characters matching the regex will be removed from the ID elements. If not set, `"/[^a-zA-Z0-9-]/"` is used to remove all characters other than hyphens, letters and digits.	`string`	`null`	no
route_keys_enabled	If true, Terraform will use keys to label routes, preventing unnecessary changes, but this requires that the VPCs and subnets already exist before using this module. If false, Terraform will use numbers to label routes, and a single change may cascade to a long list of changes because the index or order has changed, but this will work when the `true` setting generates the error `The "for_each" value depends on resource attributes...`	`bool`	`false`	no
route_timeouts	aws_route resource timeouts	object({ create = optional(string), delete = optional(string), update = optional(string) })	`{}`	no
stage	ID element. Usually used to indicate role, e.g. 'prod', 'staging', 'source', 'build', 'test', 'deploy', 'release'	`string`	`null`	no
tags	Additional tags (e.g. `{'BusinessUnit': 'XYZ'}`). Neither the tag keys nor the tag values will be modified by this module.	`map(string)`	`{}`	no
tenant	ID element _(Rarely used, not included by default)_. A customer identifier, indicating who this instance of a resource is for	`string`	`null`	no
transit_gateway_cidr_blocks	The list of associated CIDR blocks. It can contain up to 1 IPv4 CIDR block of size up to /24 and up to one IPv6 CIDR block of size up to /64. The IPv4 block must not be from range 169.254.0.0/16.	`list(string)`	`null`	no
transit_gateway_description	Transit Gateway description. If not provided, one will be automatically generated.	`string`	`""`	no
vpc_attachment_appliance_mode_support	Whether Appliance Mode support is enabled. If enabled, a traffic flow between a source and destination uses the same Availability Zone for the VPC attachment for the lifetime of that flow. Valid values: `disable`, `enable`	`string`	`"disable"`	no
vpc_attachment_dns_support	Whether resource attachments automatically propagate routes to the default propagation route table. Valid values: `disable`, `enable`. Default value: `enable`	`string`	`"enable"`	no
vpc_attachment_ipv6_support	Whether resource attachments automatically propagate routes to the default propagation route table. Valid values: `disable`, `enable`. Default value: `enable`	`string`	`"disable"`	no
vpn_ecmp_support	Whether resource attachments automatically propagate routes to the default propagation route table. Valid values: `disable`, `enable`. Default value: `enable`	`string`	`"enable"`	no

Outputs

Name	Description
ram_resource_share_id	RAM resource share ID
subnet_route_ids	Subnet route identifiers combined with destinations
transit_gateway_arn	Transit Gateway ARN
transit_gateway_association_default_route_table_id	Transit Gateway association default route table ID
transit_gateway_id	Transit Gateway ID
transit_gateway_propagation_default_route_table_id	Transit Gateway propagation default route table ID
transit_gateway_route_ids	Transit Gateway route identifiers combined with destinations
transit_gateway_route_table_id	Transit Gateway route table ID
transit_gateway_vpc_attachment_ids	Transit Gateway VPC attachment IDs

Related Projects

Check out these related projects.

terraform-null-label - Terraform module designed to generate consistent names and tags for resources. Use terraform-null-label to implement a strict naming convention
terraform-aws-vpc - Terraform Module that defines a VPC with public/private subnets across multiple AZs with Internet Gateways
terraform-aws-vpc-peering - Terraform module to create a peering connection between two VPCs
terraform-aws-kops-vpc-peering - Terraform module to create a peering connection between a backing services VPC and a VPC created by Kops
terraform-aws-dynamic-subnets - Terraform module for public and private subnets provisioning in an existing VPC
terraform-aws-multi-az-subnets - Terraform module for multi-AZ public and private subnets provisioning
terraform-aws-named-subnets - Terraform module for named subnets provisioning

References

For additional context, refer to some of these links.

Terraform Standard Module Structure - HashiCorp's standard module structure is a file and directory layout we recommend for reusable modules distributed in separate repositories.
Terraform Module Requirements - HashiCorp's guidance on all the requirements for publishing a module. Meeting the requirements for publishing a module is extremely easy.
Terraform random_integer Resource - The resource random_integer generates random values from a given range, described by the min and max attributes of a given resource.
Terraform Version Pinning - The required_version setting can be used to constrain which versions of the Terraform CLI can be used with your configuration

✨ Contributing

This project is under active development, and we encourage contributions from our community.

Many thanks to our outstanding contributors:

For 🐛 bug reports & feature requests, please use the issue tracker.

In general, PRs are welcome. We follow the typical "fork-and-pull" Git workflow.

Review our Code of Conduct and Contributor Guidelines.
Fork the repo on GitHub
Clone the project to your own machine
Commit changes to your own branch
Push your work back up to your fork
Submit a Pull Request so that we can review your changes

NOTE: Be sure to merge the latest changes from "upstream" before making a pull request!

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License

Preamble to the Apache License, Version 2.0

Complete license is available in the LICENSE file.

Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
distributed with this work for additional information
regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

  https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
software distributed under the License is distributed on an
"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
specific language governing permissions and limitations
under the License.

Trademarks

All other trademarks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners.

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
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.github		.github
docs		docs
examples		examples
modules		modules
test		test
.editorconfig		.editorconfig
.gitignore		.gitignore
LICENSE		LICENSE
Makefile		Makefile
README.md		README.md
README.yaml		README.yaml
context.tf		context.tf
main.tf		main.tf
outputs.tf		outputs.tf
ram.tf		ram.tf
variables.tf		variables.tf
versions.tf		versions.tf

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terraform-aws-transit-gateway

👽 Use Atmos with Terraform

Introduction

Use Terraform Reference Architectures for AWS

Day-0: Your Foundation for Success

Day-2: Your Operational Mastery

Usage

Examples

Makefile Targets

Requirements

Providers

Modules

Resources

Inputs

Outputs

Related Projects

References

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