From 6e7f9990bfcf4176782f5f382ce642e24b502c3e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: makoeppel
-
+
+Conifer converts from popular BDT training frameworks, and can emit code projects in different FPGA languages.
+
+Available converters:
+
+- scikit-learn
+- xgboost
+- ONNX - giving access to other training libraries such as lightGBM and CatBoost with ONNXMLTools
+- TMVA
+- Tensorflow Decision Forest (tf_df)
+
+Available backends:
+
+- Xilinx HLS - for best results use latest Vitis HLS, but Vivado HLS is also supported (conifer uses whichever is on your `$PATH`)
+- VHDL - a direct-to-VHDL implementation, deeply pipelined for high clock frequencies
+- FPU - Forest Processing Unit reusable IP core for flexible BDT inference
+- C++ - intended for bit-accurate emulation on CPU with a single include header file
+- Python - intended for validation of model conversion and to allow inspection of a model without a configuration
+
+### Usage
+
+```python
+from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingClassifier
+# Train a BDT
+clf = GradientBoostingClassifier().fit(X_train, y_train)
+
+# Create a conifer config dictionary
+cfg = conifer.backends.xilinxhls.auto_config()
+# Change the bit precision (print the config to see everything modifiable)
+cfg['Precision'] = 'ap_fixed<12,4>'
+
+# Convert the sklearn model to a conifer model
+model = conifer.converters.convert_from_sklearn(clf, cfg)
+# Write the HLS project and compile the C++-Python bridge
+model.compile()
+
+# Run bit-accurate prediction on the CPU
+y_hls = model.decision_function(X)
+y_skl = clf.decision_function(X)
+
+# Synthesize the model for the target FPGA
+model.build()
+```
+
+## 3. (Q)ONNX
+
+[](http://qonnx.readthedocs.io/)
+[](https://badge.fury.io/py/qonnx)
+[](https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.07527)
+
+
+
+
+QONNX (Quantized ONNX) introduces three new custom operators -- [`Quant`](docs/qonnx-custom-ops/quant_op.md), [`BipolarQuant`](docs/qonnx-custom-ops/bipolar_quant_op.md), and [`Trunc`](docs/qonnx-custom-ops/trunc_op.md) -- in order to represent arbitrary-precision uniform quantization in ONNX. This enables:
+
+* Representation of binary, ternary, 3-bit, 4-bit, 6-bit or any other quantization.
+* Quantization is an operator itself, and can be applied to any parameter or layer input.
+* Flexible choices for scaling factor and zero-point granularity.
+* Quantized values are carried using standard `float` datatypes to remain ONNX protobuf-compatible.
+
+This repository contains a set of Python utilities to work with QONNX models, including but not limited to:
+
+* executing QONNX models for (slow) functional verification
+* shape inference, constant folding and other basic optimizations
+* summarizing the inference cost of a QONNX model in terms of mixed-precision MACs, parameter and activation volume
+* Python infrastructure for writing transformations and defining executable, shape-inferencable custom ops
+* (experimental) data layout conversion from standard ONNX NCHW to custom QONNX NHWC ops
+
+## 4. High Granularity Quantization (HGQ)
+
+[](https://calad0i.github.io/HGQ/)
+[](https://badge.fury.io/py/hgq)
+[](https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.00645)
+
+
+[High Granularity Quantization (HGQ)](https://github.com/calad0i/HGQ/) is a library that performs gradient-based automatic bitwidth optimization and quantization-aware training algorithm for neural networks to be deployed on FPGAs. By laveraging gradients, it allows for bitwidth optimization at arbitrary granularity, up to per-weight and per-activation level.
+
+
+
+Conversion of models made with HGQ library is fully supported. The HGQ models are first converted to proxy model format, which can then be parsed by hls4ml bit-accurately. Below is an example of how to create a model with HGQ and convert it to hls4ml model.
+
+```python
+ import keras
+ from HGQ.layers import HDense, HDenseBatchNorm, HQuantize
+ from HGQ import ResetMinMax, FreeBOPs
+
+ model = keras.models.Sequential([
+ HQuantize(beta=1.e-5),
+ HDenseBatchNorm(32, beta=1.e-5, activation='relu'),
+ HDenseBatchNorm(32, beta=1.e-5, activation='relu'),
+ HDense(10, beta=1.e-5),
+ ])
+
+ opt = keras.optimizers.Adam(learning_rate=0.001)
+ loss = keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=True)
+ model.compile(optimizer=opt, loss=loss, metrics=['accuracy'])
+ callbacks = [ResetMinMax(), FreeBOPs()]
+
+ model.fit(..., callbacks=callbacks)
+
+ from HGQ import trace_minmax, to_proxy_model
+ from hls4ml.converters import convert_from_keras_model
+
+ trace_minmax(model, x_train, cover_factor=1.0)
+ proxy = to_proxy_model(model, aggressive=True)
+
+ model_hls = convert_from_keras_model(
+ proxy,
+ backend='vivado',
+ output_dir=...,
+ part=...
+ )
+```
+
+An interactive example of HGQ can be found in the [kaggle notebook](https://www.kaggle.com/code/calad0i/small-jet-tagger-with-hgq-1). Full documentation can be found at [calad0i.github.io/HGQ](https://calad0i.github.io/HGQ/>).
From fa6a8cc1d33d6e3907680a4a4e6cf5ba3d2a0771 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: makoeppel
-
+
+QONNX (Quantized ONNX) introduces three new custom operators -- [`Quant`](docs/qonnx-custom-ops/quant_op.md), [`BipolarQuant`](docs/qonnx-custom-ops/bipolar_quant_op.md), and [`Trunc`](docs/qonnx-custom-ops/trunc_op.md) -- in order to represent arbitrary-precision uniform quantization in [ONNX](onnx.md). This enables:
+
+* Representation of binary, ternary, 3-bit, 4-bit, 6-bit or any other quantization.
+* Quantization is an operator itself, and can be applied to any parameter or layer input.
+* Flexible choices for scaling factor and zero-point granularity.
+* Quantized values are carried using standard `float` datatypes to remain [ONNX](onnx.md) protobuf-compatible.
+
+This repository contains a set of Python utilities to work with QONNX models, including but not limited to:
+
+* executing QONNX models for (slow) functional verification
+* shape inference, constant folding and other basic optimizations
+* summarizing the inference cost of a QONNX model in terms of mixed-precision MACs, parameter and activation volume
+* Python infrastructure for writing transformations and defining executable, shape-inferencable custom ops
+* (experimental) data layout conversion from standard ONNX NCHW to custom QONNX NHWC ops
diff --git a/content/resources/fpga_resources/index.md b/content/resources/fpga_resources/index.md
index 5c1421e..a3e34ce 100644
--- a/content/resources/fpga_resources/index.md
+++ b/content/resources/fpga_resources/index.md
@@ -10,172 +10,4 @@ To programm an FPGA one has two main options. The first one is to use a Hardware
When it comes to vendors there are two big onces: Xilinx (part of AMD) and Altera (part of Intel). Both vendors provide there own tooling to simulate, synthesis and debug the design. Xilinx FPGAs are used for CMS and they have Vivado for design, simulation, synthesis, and debugging tasks and Vitis for software development for Xilinx FPGAs and SoCs. Intel FPGAs are programmed using Quartus Prime. For HLS tools they come with Vivado HLS (Xilinx) and HLS Compiler (Intel).
-To simplify the pipeline from a trained model to an implementation on the FPGA CMS is supporting different tools, which will be explained in the flowing in more detail.
-
-## 1. hls4ml
-
-
-
-[](https://fastmachinelearning.org/hls4ml)
-[](https://badge.fury.io/py/hls4ml)
-
-#### Description
-hls4ml is a Python library designed to bring machine learning inference to FPGAs by leveraging high-level synthesis (HLS). The idea is to convert trained machine learning models from popular open-source frameworks (such as PyTorch, Tensorflow, Keras etc.) into FPGA-compatible firmware, tailored to specific needs.
-
-As the project is actively evolving the hls4ml team is always looking for people trying there tools.
-
-#### Current tools supported
-
-| ML framework/HLS backend | (Q)Keras | PyTorch | (Q)ONNX | Vivado HLS | Intel HLS | Vitis HLS |
-|--------------------------|-----------|---------|----------------|------------|-----------|--------------|
-| MLP | supported | limited | in development | supported | supported | experimental |
-| CNN | supported | limited | in development | supported | supported | experimental |
-| RNN (LSTM) | supported | N/A | in development | supported | supported | N/A |
-| GNN (GarNet) | supported | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
-
-
-### Compile an example model
-
-```python
-import hls4ml
-
-# Fetch a keras model from our example repository
-# This will download our example model to your working directory and return an example configuration file
-config = hls4ml.utils.fetch_example_model('KERAS_3layer.json')
-
-# You can print the configuration to see some default parameters
-print(config)
-
-# Convert it to a hls project
-hls_model = hls4ml.converters.keras_to_hls(config)
-
-# Print full list of example models if you want to explore more
-hls4ml.utils.fetch_example_list()
-
-# Use Vivado HLS to synthesize the model
-# This might take several minutes
-hls_model.build()
-
-# Print out the report if you want
-hls4ml.report.read_vivado_report('my-hls-test')
-
-```
-
-## 2. Conifer
-
-
-
-Conifer converts from popular BDT training frameworks, and can emit code projects in different FPGA languages.
-
-Available converters:
-
-- scikit-learn
-- xgboost
-- ONNX - giving access to other training libraries such as lightGBM and CatBoost with ONNXMLTools
-- TMVA
-- Tensorflow Decision Forest (tf_df)
-
-Available backends:
-
-- Xilinx HLS - for best results use latest Vitis HLS, but Vivado HLS is also supported (conifer uses whichever is on your `$PATH`)
-- VHDL - a direct-to-VHDL implementation, deeply pipelined for high clock frequencies
-- FPU - Forest Processing Unit reusable IP core for flexible BDT inference
-- C++ - intended for bit-accurate emulation on CPU with a single include header file
-- Python - intended for validation of model conversion and to allow inspection of a model without a configuration
-
-### Usage
-
-```python
-from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingClassifier
-# Train a BDT
-clf = GradientBoostingClassifier().fit(X_train, y_train)
-
-# Create a conifer config dictionary
-cfg = conifer.backends.xilinxhls.auto_config()
-# Change the bit precision (print the config to see everything modifiable)
-cfg['Precision'] = 'ap_fixed<12,4>'
-
-# Convert the sklearn model to a conifer model
-model = conifer.converters.convert_from_sklearn(clf, cfg)
-# Write the HLS project and compile the C++-Python bridge
-model.compile()
-
-# Run bit-accurate prediction on the CPU
-y_hls = model.decision_function(X)
-y_skl = clf.decision_function(X)
-
-# Synthesize the model for the target FPGA
-model.build()
-```
-
-## 3. (Q)ONNX
-
-[](http://qonnx.readthedocs.io/)
-[](https://badge.fury.io/py/qonnx)
-[](https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.07527)
-
-
-
-
-QONNX (Quantized ONNX) introduces three new custom operators -- [`Quant`](docs/qonnx-custom-ops/quant_op.md), [`BipolarQuant`](docs/qonnx-custom-ops/bipolar_quant_op.md), and [`Trunc`](docs/qonnx-custom-ops/trunc_op.md) -- in order to represent arbitrary-precision uniform quantization in ONNX. This enables:
-
-* Representation of binary, ternary, 3-bit, 4-bit, 6-bit or any other quantization.
-* Quantization is an operator itself, and can be applied to any parameter or layer input.
-* Flexible choices for scaling factor and zero-point granularity.
-* Quantized values are carried using standard `float` datatypes to remain ONNX protobuf-compatible.
-
-This repository contains a set of Python utilities to work with QONNX models, including but not limited to:
-
-* executing QONNX models for (slow) functional verification
-* shape inference, constant folding and other basic optimizations
-* summarizing the inference cost of a QONNX model in terms of mixed-precision MACs, parameter and activation volume
-* Python infrastructure for writing transformations and defining executable, shape-inferencable custom ops
-* (experimental) data layout conversion from standard ONNX NCHW to custom QONNX NHWC ops
-
-## 4. High Granularity Quantization (HGQ)
-
-[](https://calad0i.github.io/HGQ/)
-[](https://badge.fury.io/py/hgq)
-[](https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.00645)
-
-
-[High Granularity Quantization (HGQ)](https://github.com/calad0i/HGQ/) is a library that performs gradient-based automatic bitwidth optimization and quantization-aware training algorithm for neural networks to be deployed on FPGAs. By laveraging gradients, it allows for bitwidth optimization at arbitrary granularity, up to per-weight and per-activation level.
-
-
-
-Conversion of models made with HGQ library is fully supported. The HGQ models are first converted to proxy model format, which can then be parsed by hls4ml bit-accurately. Below is an example of how to create a model with HGQ and convert it to hls4ml model.
-
-```python
- import keras
- from HGQ.layers import HDense, HDenseBatchNorm, HQuantize
- from HGQ import ResetMinMax, FreeBOPs
-
- model = keras.models.Sequential([
- HQuantize(beta=1.e-5),
- HDenseBatchNorm(32, beta=1.e-5, activation='relu'),
- HDenseBatchNorm(32, beta=1.e-5, activation='relu'),
- HDense(10, beta=1.e-5),
- ])
-
- opt = keras.optimizers.Adam(learning_rate=0.001)
- loss = keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=True)
- model.compile(optimizer=opt, loss=loss, metrics=['accuracy'])
- callbacks = [ResetMinMax(), FreeBOPs()]
-
- model.fit(..., callbacks=callbacks)
-
- from HGQ import trace_minmax, to_proxy_model
- from hls4ml.converters import convert_from_keras_model
-
- trace_minmax(model, x_train, cover_factor=1.0)
- proxy = to_proxy_model(model, aggressive=True)
-
- model_hls = convert_from_keras_model(
- proxy,
- backend='vivado',
- output_dir=...,
- part=...
- )
-```
-
-An interactive example of HGQ can be found in the [kaggle notebook](https://www.kaggle.com/code/calad0i/small-jet-tagger-with-hgq-1). Full documentation can be found at [calad0i.github.io/HGQ](https://calad0i.github.io/HGQ/>).
+To simplify the pipeline from a trained model to an implementation on the FPGA CMS is supporting different tools, which are explained in the inference section ([hls4ml](../../inference/hls4ml.md), [conifer](../../inference/conifer.md), [qonnx](../../inference/qonnx.md)). Furthermore, tools for quantize aware training are used (QKeras, [HGQ](../../training/HGQ.md)).
diff --git a/content/training/HGQ.md b/content/training/HGQ.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2861df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/training/HGQ.md
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+High Granularity Quantization (HGQ)
+
+[](https://calad0i.github.io/HGQ/)
+[](https://badge.fury.io/py/hgq)
+[](https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.00645)
+
+Text taken and adopted from the HGQ [README.md](https://github.com/calad0i/HGQ/blob/master/README.md).
+
+[High Granularity Quantization (HGQ)](https://github.com/calad0i/HGQ/) is a library that performs gradient-based automatic bitwidth optimization and quantization-aware training algorithm for neural networks to be deployed on FPGAs. By laveraging gradients, it allows for bitwidth optimization at arbitrary granularity, up to per-weight and per-activation level.
+
+
+
+Conversion of models made with HGQ library is fully supported. The HGQ models are first converted to proxy model format, which can then be parsed by hls4ml bit-accurately. Below is an example of how to create a model with HGQ and convert it to hls4ml model.
+
+```python
+ import keras
+ from HGQ.layers import HDense, HDenseBatchNorm, HQuantize
+ from HGQ import ResetMinMax, FreeBOPs
+
+ model = keras.models.Sequential([
+ HQuantize(beta=1.e-5),
+ HDenseBatchNorm(32, beta=1.e-5, activation='relu'),
+ HDenseBatchNorm(32, beta=1.e-5, activation='relu'),
+ HDense(10, beta=1.e-5),
+ ])
+
+ opt = keras.optimizers.Adam(learning_rate=0.001)
+ loss = keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=True)
+ model.compile(optimizer=opt, loss=loss, metrics=['accuracy'])
+ callbacks = [ResetMinMax(), FreeBOPs()]
+
+ model.fit(..., callbacks=callbacks)
+
+ from HGQ import trace_minmax, to_proxy_model
+ from hls4ml.converters import convert_from_keras_model
+
+ trace_minmax(model, x_train, cover_factor=1.0)
+ proxy = to_proxy_model(model, aggressive=True)
+
+ model_hls = convert_from_keras_model(
+ proxy,
+ backend='vivado',
+ output_dir=...,
+ part=...
+ )
+```
+
+An interactive example of HGQ can be found in the [kaggle notebook](https://www.kaggle.com/code/calad0i/small-jet-tagger-with-hgq-1). Full documentation can be found at [calad0i.github.io/HGQ](https://calad0i.github.io/HGQ/>).
diff --git a/mkdocs.yml b/mkdocs.yml
index 6ee7d00..e94e4ab 100644
--- a/mkdocs.yml
+++ b/mkdocs.yml
@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ nav:
- PyTorch: inference/pytorch.md
- PyTorch Geometric: inference/pyg.md
- ONNX: inference/onnx.md
+ - QONNX: inference/qonnx.md
- XGBoost: inference/xgboost.md
- hls4ml: inference/hls4ml.md
- conifer: inference/conifer.md
@@ -168,4 +169,5 @@ nav:
- Training as a Service:
- MLaaS4HEP: training/MLaaS4HEP.md
- Autoencoders: training/autoencoders.md
+ - HGQ: training/HGQ.md
# - Benchmarking: