diff --git a/src/services/aiService.ts b/src/services/aiService.ts
index fe15e1ca2..eeca8cc94 100644
--- a/src/services/aiService.ts
+++ b/src/services/aiService.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import * as os from "os";
 import { EventEmitter } from "events";
 import { convertToModelMessages, type LanguageModel } from "ai";
 import { applyToolOutputRedaction } from "@/utils/messages/applyToolOutputRedaction";
+import { sanitizeToolInputs } from "@/utils/messages/sanitizeToolInput";
 import type { Result } from "@/types/result";
 import { Ok, Err } from "@/types/result";
 import type { WorkspaceMetadata } from "@/types/workspace";
@@ -461,10 +462,16 @@ export class AIService extends EventEmitter {
       const redactedForProvider = applyToolOutputRedaction(messagesWithModeContext);
       log.debug_obj(`${workspaceId}/2a_redacted_messages.json`, redactedForProvider);
 
+      // Sanitize tool inputs to ensure they are valid objects (not strings or arrays)
+      // This fixes cases where corrupted data in history has malformed tool inputs
+      // that would cause API errors like "Input should be a valid dictionary"
+      const sanitizedMessages = sanitizeToolInputs(redactedForProvider);
+      log.debug_obj(`${workspaceId}/2b_sanitized_messages.json`, sanitizedMessages);
+
       // Convert CmuxMessage to ModelMessage format using Vercel AI SDK utility
       // Type assertion needed because CmuxMessage has custom tool parts for interrupted tools
       // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any, @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-argument
-      const modelMessages = convertToModelMessages(redactedForProvider as any);
+      const modelMessages = convertToModelMessages(sanitizedMessages as any);
       log.debug_obj(`${workspaceId}/2_model_messages.json`, modelMessages);
 
       // Apply ModelMessage transforms based on provider requirements
diff --git a/src/utils/messages/sanitizeToolInput.test.ts b/src/utils/messages/sanitizeToolInput.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54b46e62a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/utils/messages/sanitizeToolInput.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from "@jest/globals";
+import type { CmuxMessage } from "@/types/message";
+import { sanitizeToolInputs } from "./sanitizeToolInput";
+
+describe("sanitizeToolInputs", () => {
+  it("should handle the actual malformed message from httpjail-coder workspace", () => {
+    // This is the actual problematic message that caused the bug
+    const problematicMessage: CmuxMessage = {
+      id: "assistant-1761527027508-karjrpf3g",
+      role: "assistant",
+      metadata: {
+        historySequence: 1,
+        timestamp: 1761527027508,
+        partial: true,
+      },
+      parts: [
+        {
+          type: "text",
+          text: "I'll explore this repository.",
+        },
+        {
+          type: "dynamic-tool",
+          toolCallId: "toolu_01DXeXp8oArG4PzT9rk4hz5c",
+          toolName: "bash",
+          state: "output-available",
+          // THIS IS THE MALFORMED INPUT - string instead of object
+          input: '{"script" timeout_secs="10": "ls"}',
+          output: {
+            error: "Invalid input for tool bash: JSON parsing failed",
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    const sanitized = sanitizeToolInputs([problematicMessage]);
+    const sanitizedTool = sanitized[0].parts[1];
+
+    if (sanitizedTool.type === "dynamic-tool") {
+      // Should be converted to empty object
+      expect(sanitizedTool.input).toEqual({});
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("should convert string inputs to empty objects", () => {
+    const messages: CmuxMessage[] = [
+      {
+        id: "test-1",
+        role: "assistant",
+        parts: [
+          {
+            type: "dynamic-tool",
+            toolCallId: "toolu_01test",
+            toolName: "bash",
+            state: "output-available",
+            input: "not an object",
+            output: { error: "Invalid input" },
+          },
+        ],
+        metadata: { timestamp: Date.now(), historySequence: 1 },
+      },
+    ];
+
+    const sanitized = sanitizeToolInputs(messages);
+    expect(sanitized[0].parts[0]).toMatchObject({
+      type: "dynamic-tool",
+      input: {}, // Should be converted to empty object
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("should keep valid object inputs unchanged", () => {
+    const messages: CmuxMessage[] = [
+      {
+        id: "test-2",
+        role: "assistant",
+        parts: [
+          {
+            type: "dynamic-tool",
+            toolCallId: "toolu_02test",
+            toolName: "bash",
+            state: "output-available",
+            input: { script: "ls", timeout_secs: 10 },
+            output: { success: true },
+          },
+        ],
+        metadata: { timestamp: Date.now(), historySequence: 2 },
+      },
+    ];
+
+    const sanitized = sanitizeToolInputs(messages);
+    expect(sanitized[0].parts[0]).toMatchObject({
+      type: "dynamic-tool",
+      input: { script: "ls", timeout_secs: 10 },
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("should not modify non-assistant messages", () => {
+    const messages: CmuxMessage[] = [
+      {
+        id: "test-3",
+        role: "user",
+        parts: [{ type: "text", text: "Hello" }],
+        metadata: { timestamp: Date.now(), historySequence: 3 },
+      },
+    ];
+
+    const sanitized = sanitizeToolInputs(messages);
+    expect(sanitized).toEqual(messages);
+  });
+
+  it("should handle messages with multiple parts", () => {
+    const messages: CmuxMessage[] = [
+      {
+        id: "test-4",
+        role: "assistant",
+        parts: [
+          { type: "text", text: "Let me run this command" },
+          {
+            type: "dynamic-tool",
+            toolCallId: "toolu_04test",
+            toolName: "bash",
+            state: "output-available",
+            input: "malformed",
+            output: { error: "bad" },
+          },
+          { type: "text", text: "Done" },
+        ],
+        metadata: { timestamp: Date.now(), historySequence: 4 },
+      },
+    ];
+
+    const sanitized = sanitizeToolInputs(messages);
+    expect(sanitized[0].parts[1]).toMatchObject({
+      type: "dynamic-tool",
+      input: {},
+    });
+    // Other parts should be unchanged
+    expect(sanitized[0].parts[0]).toEqual({ type: "text", text: "Let me run this command" });
+    expect(sanitized[0].parts[2]).toEqual({ type: "text", text: "Done" });
+  });
+
+  it("should handle null input", () => {
+    const messages: CmuxMessage[] = [
+      {
+        id: "test-null",
+        role: "assistant",
+        parts: [
+          {
+            type: "dynamic-tool",
+            toolCallId: "toolu_null",
+            toolName: "bash",
+            state: "output-available",
+            // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+            input: null as any,
+            output: { error: "Invalid" },
+          },
+        ],
+        metadata: { timestamp: Date.now(), historySequence: 1 },
+      },
+    ];
+
+    const sanitized = sanitizeToolInputs(messages);
+    const toolPart = sanitized[0].parts[0];
+    if (toolPart.type === "dynamic-tool") {
+      expect(toolPart.input).toEqual({});
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("should handle array input", () => {
+    const messages: CmuxMessage[] = [
+      {
+        id: "test-array",
+        role: "assistant",
+        parts: [
+          {
+            type: "dynamic-tool",
+            toolCallId: "toolu_array",
+            toolName: "bash",
+            state: "output-available",
+            // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+            input: ["not", "valid"] as any,
+            output: { error: "Invalid" },
+          },
+        ],
+        metadata: { timestamp: Date.now(), historySequence: 1 },
+      },
+    ];
+
+    const sanitized = sanitizeToolInputs(messages);
+    const toolPart = sanitized[0].parts[0];
+    if (toolPart.type === "dynamic-tool") {
+      expect(toolPart.input).toEqual({});
+    }
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/utils/messages/sanitizeToolInput.ts b/src/utils/messages/sanitizeToolInput.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bf9ca48a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/utils/messages/sanitizeToolInput.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import type { CmuxMessage, CmuxToolPart } from "@/types/message";
+
+/**
+ * Sanitizes tool inputs in messages to ensure they are valid objects.
+ *
+ * The Anthropic API (and other LLM APIs) require tool inputs to be objects/dictionaries.
+ * However, if the model generates malformed JSON or if we have corrupted data in history,
+ * the input field might be a string instead of an object.
+ *
+ * This causes API errors like: "Input should be a valid dictionary"
+ *
+ * This function ensures all tool inputs are objects by converting non-object inputs
+ * to empty objects. This allows the conversation to continue even with corrupted history.
+ *
+ * @param messages - Messages to sanitize
+ * @returns New array with sanitized messages (original messages are not modified)
+ */
+export function sanitizeToolInputs(messages: CmuxMessage[]): CmuxMessage[] {
+  return messages.map((msg) => {
+    // Only process assistant messages with tool parts
+    if (msg.role !== "assistant") {
+      return msg;
+    }
+
+    // Check if any parts need sanitization
+    const needsSanitization = msg.parts.some(
+      (part) =>
+        part.type === "dynamic-tool" &&
+        (typeof part.input !== "object" || part.input === null || Array.isArray(part.input))
+    );
+
+    if (!needsSanitization) {
+      return msg;
+    }
+
+    // Create new message with sanitized parts
+    return {
+      ...msg,
+      parts: msg.parts.map((part): typeof part => {
+        if (part.type !== "dynamic-tool") {
+          return part;
+        }
+
+        // Sanitize the input if it's not a valid object
+        if (typeof part.input !== "object" || part.input === null || Array.isArray(part.input)) {
+          const sanitized: CmuxToolPart = {
+            ...part,
+            input: {}, // Replace with empty object
+          };
+          return sanitized;
+        }
+
+        return part;
+      }),
+    };
+  });
+}