From 0c8ae49fc13969d9a271d2a0147932d9a1ad9b68 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Roxana Nicolescu Date: Wed, 29 Oct 2025 13:46:15 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 1/2] drm/gem: Acquire references on GEM handles for framebuffers MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit jira VULN-136708 cve CVE-2025-38449 commit-author Thomas Zimmermann commit 5307dce878d4126e1b375587318955bd019c3741 A GEM handle can be released while the GEM buffer object is attached to a DRM framebuffer. This leads to the release of the dma-buf backing the buffer object, if any. [1] Trying to use the framebuffer in further mode-setting operations leads to a segmentation fault. Most easily happens with driver that use shadow planes for vmap-ing the dma-buf during a page flip. An example is shown below. [ 156.791968] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 156.796830] WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 2255 at drivers/dma-buf/dma-buf.c:1527 dma_buf_vmap+0x224/0x430 [...] [ 156.942028] RIP: 0010:dma_buf_vmap+0x224/0x430 [ 157.043420] Call Trace: [ 157.045898] [ 157.048030] ? show_trace_log_lvl+0x1af/0x2c0 [ 157.052436] ? show_trace_log_lvl+0x1af/0x2c0 [ 157.056836] ? show_trace_log_lvl+0x1af/0x2c0 [ 157.061253] ? drm_gem_shmem_vmap+0x74/0x710 [ 157.065567] ? dma_buf_vmap+0x224/0x430 [ 157.069446] ? __warn.cold+0x58/0xe4 [ 157.073061] ? dma_buf_vmap+0x224/0x430 [ 157.077111] ? report_bug+0x1dd/0x390 [ 157.080842] ? handle_bug+0x5e/0xa0 [ 157.084389] ? exc_invalid_op+0x14/0x50 [ 157.088291] ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x16/0x20 [ 157.092548] ? dma_buf_vmap+0x224/0x430 [ 157.096663] ? dma_resv_get_singleton+0x6d/0x230 [ 157.101341] ? __pfx_dma_buf_vmap+0x10/0x10 [ 157.105588] ? __pfx_dma_resv_get_singleton+0x10/0x10 [ 157.110697] drm_gem_shmem_vmap+0x74/0x710 [ 157.114866] drm_gem_vmap+0xa9/0x1b0 [ 157.118763] drm_gem_vmap_unlocked+0x46/0xa0 [ 157.123086] drm_gem_fb_vmap+0xab/0x300 [ 157.126979] drm_atomic_helper_prepare_planes.part.0+0x487/0xb10 [ 157.133032] ? lockdep_init_map_type+0x19d/0x880 [ 157.137701] drm_atomic_helper_commit+0x13d/0x2e0 [ 157.142671] ? drm_atomic_nonblocking_commit+0xa0/0x180 [ 157.147988] drm_mode_atomic_ioctl+0x766/0xe40 [...] [ 157.346424] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- Acquiring GEM handles for the framebuffer's GEM buffer objects prevents this from happening. The framebuffer's cleanup later puts the handle references. Commit 1a148af06000 ("drm/gem-shmem: Use dma_buf from GEM object instance") triggers the segmentation fault easily by using the dma-buf field more widely. The underlying issue with reference counting has been present before. v2: - acquire the handle instead of the BO (Christian) - fix comment style (Christian) - drop the Fixes tag (Christian) - rename err_ gotos - add missing Link tag Suggested-by: Christian König Signed-off-by: Thomas Zimmermann Link: https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.15/source/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem.c#L241 # [1] Cc: Thomas Zimmermann Cc: Anusha Srivatsa Cc: Christian König Cc: Maarten Lankhorst Cc: Maxime Ripard Cc: Sumit Semwal Cc: "Christian König" Cc: linux-media@vger.kernel.org Cc: dri-devel@lists.freedesktop.org Cc: linaro-mm-sig@lists.linaro.org Cc: Reviewed-by: Christian König Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250630084001.293053-1-tzimmermann@suse.de (cherry picked from commit 5307dce878d4126e1b375587318955bd019c3741) Signed-off-by: Roxana Nicolescu --- drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem.c | 44 ++++++++++++++++++-- drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_framebuffer_helper.c | 16 +++---- drivers/gpu/drm/drm_internal.h | 2 + 3 files changed, 51 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem.c index e666b61392655..bbfb79d8b7fc2 100644 --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem.c +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem.c @@ -186,6 +186,35 @@ void drm_gem_private_object_fini(struct drm_gem_object *obj) } EXPORT_SYMBOL(drm_gem_private_object_fini); +static void drm_gem_object_handle_get(struct drm_gem_object *obj) +{ + struct drm_device *dev = obj->dev; + + drm_WARN_ON(dev, !mutex_is_locked(&dev->object_name_lock)); + + if (obj->handle_count++ == 0) + drm_gem_object_get(obj); +} + +/** + * drm_gem_object_handle_get_unlocked - acquire reference on user-space handles + * @obj: GEM object + * + * Acquires a reference on the GEM buffer object's handle. Required + * to keep the GEM object alive. Call drm_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked() + * to release the reference. + */ +void drm_gem_object_handle_get_unlocked(struct drm_gem_object *obj) +{ + struct drm_device *dev = obj->dev; + + guard(mutex)(&dev->object_name_lock); + + drm_WARN_ON(dev, !obj->handle_count); /* first ref taken in create-tail helper */ + drm_gem_object_handle_get(obj); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(drm_gem_object_handle_get_unlocked); + /** * drm_gem_object_handle_free - release resources bound to userspace handles * @obj: GEM object to clean up. @@ -216,8 +245,14 @@ static void drm_gem_object_exported_dma_buf_free(struct drm_gem_object *obj) } } -static void -drm_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked(struct drm_gem_object *obj) +/** + * drm_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked - releases reference on user-space handles + * @obj: GEM object + * + * Releases a reference on the GEM buffer object's handle. Possibly releases + * the GEM buffer object and associated dma-buf objects. + */ +void drm_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked(struct drm_gem_object *obj) { struct drm_device *dev = obj->dev; bool final = false; @@ -242,6 +277,7 @@ drm_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked(struct drm_gem_object *obj) if (final) drm_gem_object_put(obj); } +EXPORT_SYMBOL(drm_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked); /* * Called at device or object close to release the file's @@ -363,8 +399,8 @@ drm_gem_handle_create_tail(struct drm_file *file_priv, int ret; WARN_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&dev->object_name_lock)); - if (obj->handle_count++ == 0) - drm_gem_object_get(obj); + + drm_gem_object_handle_get(obj); /* * Get the user-visible handle using idr. Preload and perform diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_framebuffer_helper.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_framebuffer_helper.c index 3bdb6ba37ff42..70cf930b83f46 100644 --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_framebuffer_helper.c +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_framebuffer_helper.c @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ void drm_gem_fb_destroy(struct drm_framebuffer *fb) unsigned int i; for (i = 0; i < fb->format->num_planes; i++) - drm_gem_object_put(fb->obj[i]); + drm_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked(fb->obj[i]); drm_framebuffer_cleanup(fb); kfree(fb); @@ -182,8 +182,10 @@ int drm_gem_fb_init_with_funcs(struct drm_device *dev, if (!objs[i]) { drm_dbg_kms(dev, "Failed to lookup GEM object\n"); ret = -ENOENT; - goto err_gem_object_put; + goto err_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked; } + drm_gem_object_handle_get_unlocked(objs[i]); + drm_gem_object_put(objs[i]); min_size = (height - 1) * mode_cmd->pitches[i] + drm_format_info_min_pitch(info, i, width) @@ -193,22 +195,22 @@ int drm_gem_fb_init_with_funcs(struct drm_device *dev, drm_dbg_kms(dev, "GEM object size (%zu) smaller than minimum size (%u) for plane %d\n", objs[i]->size, min_size, i); - drm_gem_object_put(objs[i]); + drm_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked(objs[i]); ret = -EINVAL; - goto err_gem_object_put; + goto err_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked; } } ret = drm_gem_fb_init(dev, fb, mode_cmd, objs, i, funcs); if (ret) - goto err_gem_object_put; + goto err_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked; return 0; -err_gem_object_put: +err_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked: while (i > 0) { --i; - drm_gem_object_put(objs[i]); + drm_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked(objs[i]); } return ret; } diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_internal.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_internal.h index ba12acd551390..ea7945f1435cc 100644 --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_internal.h +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_internal.h @@ -159,6 +159,8 @@ void drm_sysfs_lease_event(struct drm_device *dev); /* drm_gem.c */ int drm_gem_init(struct drm_device *dev); +void drm_gem_object_handle_get_unlocked(struct drm_gem_object *obj); +void drm_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked(struct drm_gem_object *obj); int drm_gem_handle_create_tail(struct drm_file *file_priv, struct drm_gem_object *obj, u32 *handlep); From 9b58ac75f576bf992a32313bc99d836dc754cbb6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Roxana Nicolescu Date: Mon, 3 Nov 2025 12:12:42 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 2/2] drm/framebuffer: Acquire internal references on GEM handles MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit jira VULN-136708 cve-bf CVE-2025-38449 commit-author Thomas Zimmermann commit f6bfc9afc7510cb5e6fbe0a17c507917b0120280 upstream-diff | Manually solved the conflict in 'struct drm_framebuffer' due to variables 'hot_x' and 'hot_y' still being there (removed in commit "drm: Remove legacy cursor hotspot code"). This is part of a bigger patchset that refactors atomic modesetting that should not be backported due the impact of the changes. Acquire GEM handles in drm_framebuffer_init() and release them in the corresponding drm_framebuffer_cleanup(). Ties the handle's lifetime to the framebuffer. Not all GEM buffer objects have GEM handles. If not set, no refcounting takes place. This is the case for some fbdev emulation. This is not a problem as these GEM objects do not use dma-bufs and drivers will not release them while fbdev emulation is running. Framebuffer flags keep a bit per color plane of which the framebuffer holds a GEM handle reference. As all drivers use drm_framebuffer_init(), they will now all hold dma-buf references as fixed in commit 5307dce878d4 ("drm/gem: Acquire references on GEM handles for framebuffers"). In the GEM framebuffer helpers, restore the original ref counting on buffer objects. As the helpers for handle refcounting are now no longer called from outside the DRM core, unexport the symbols. v3: - don't mix internal flags with mode flags (Christian) v2: - track framebuffer handle refs by flag - drop gma500 cleanup (Christian) Signed-off-by: Thomas Zimmermann Fixes: 5307dce878d4 ("drm/gem: Acquire references on GEM handles for framebuffers") Reported-by: Bert Karwatzki Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/dri-devel/20250703115915.3096-1-spasswolf@web.de/ Tested-by: Bert Karwatzki Tested-by: Mario Limonciello Tested-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) Cc: Thomas Zimmermann Cc: Anusha Srivatsa Cc: Christian König Cc: Maarten Lankhorst Cc: Maxime Ripard Cc: Sumit Semwal Cc: "Christian König" Cc: linux-media@vger.kernel.org Cc: dri-devel@lists.freedesktop.org Cc: linaro-mm-sig@lists.linaro.org Cc: Reviewed-by: Christian König Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250707131224.249496-1-tzimmermann@suse.de (cherry picked from commit f6bfc9afc7510cb5e6fbe0a17c507917b0120280) Signed-off-by: Roxana Nicolescu Signed-off-by: Roxana Nicolescu --- drivers/gpu/drm/drm_framebuffer.c | 31 ++++++++++++++-- drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem.c | 38 ++++++++++++-------- drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_framebuffer_helper.c | 16 ++++----- drivers/gpu/drm/drm_internal.h | 2 +- include/drm/drm_framebuffer.h | 7 ++++ 5 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-) diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_framebuffer.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_framebuffer.c index aff3746dedfb4..ec21defa26425 100644 --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_framebuffer.c +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_framebuffer.c @@ -844,11 +844,23 @@ void drm_framebuffer_free(struct kref *kref) int drm_framebuffer_init(struct drm_device *dev, struct drm_framebuffer *fb, const struct drm_framebuffer_funcs *funcs) { + unsigned int i; int ret; + bool exists; if (WARN_ON_ONCE(fb->dev != dev || !fb->format)) return -EINVAL; + for (i = 0; i < fb->format->num_planes; i++) { + if (drm_WARN_ON_ONCE(dev, fb->internal_flags & DRM_FRAMEBUFFER_HAS_HANDLE_REF(i))) + fb->internal_flags &= ~DRM_FRAMEBUFFER_HAS_HANDLE_REF(i); + if (fb->obj[i]) { + exists = drm_gem_object_handle_get_if_exists_unlocked(fb->obj[i]); + if (exists) + fb->internal_flags |= DRM_FRAMEBUFFER_HAS_HANDLE_REF(i); + } + } + INIT_LIST_HEAD(&fb->filp_head); fb->funcs = funcs; @@ -857,7 +869,7 @@ int drm_framebuffer_init(struct drm_device *dev, struct drm_framebuffer *fb, ret = __drm_mode_object_add(dev, &fb->base, DRM_MODE_OBJECT_FB, false, drm_framebuffer_free); if (ret) - goto out; + goto err; mutex_lock(&dev->mode_config.fb_lock); dev->mode_config.num_fb++; @@ -865,7 +877,16 @@ int drm_framebuffer_init(struct drm_device *dev, struct drm_framebuffer *fb, mutex_unlock(&dev->mode_config.fb_lock); drm_mode_object_register(dev, &fb->base); -out: + + return 0; + +err: + for (i = 0; i < fb->format->num_planes; i++) { + if (fb->internal_flags & DRM_FRAMEBUFFER_HAS_HANDLE_REF(i)) { + drm_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked(fb->obj[i]); + fb->internal_flags &= ~DRM_FRAMEBUFFER_HAS_HANDLE_REF(i); + } + } return ret; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(drm_framebuffer_init); @@ -942,6 +963,12 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(drm_framebuffer_unregister_private); void drm_framebuffer_cleanup(struct drm_framebuffer *fb) { struct drm_device *dev = fb->dev; + unsigned int i; + + for (i = 0; i < fb->format->num_planes; i++) { + if (fb->internal_flags & DRM_FRAMEBUFFER_HAS_HANDLE_REF(i)) + drm_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked(fb->obj[i]); + } mutex_lock(&dev->mode_config.fb_lock); list_del(&fb->head); diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem.c index bbfb79d8b7fc2..b919ef52306f5 100644 --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem.c +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem.c @@ -197,23 +197,34 @@ static void drm_gem_object_handle_get(struct drm_gem_object *obj) } /** - * drm_gem_object_handle_get_unlocked - acquire reference on user-space handles + * drm_gem_object_handle_get_if_exists_unlocked - acquire reference on user-space handle, if any * @obj: GEM object * - * Acquires a reference on the GEM buffer object's handle. Required - * to keep the GEM object alive. Call drm_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked() - * to release the reference. + * Acquires a reference on the GEM buffer object's handle. Required to keep + * the GEM object alive. Call drm_gem_object_handle_put_if_exists_unlocked() + * to release the reference. Does nothing if the buffer object has no handle. + * + * Returns: + * True if a handle exists, or false otherwise */ -void drm_gem_object_handle_get_unlocked(struct drm_gem_object *obj) +bool drm_gem_object_handle_get_if_exists_unlocked(struct drm_gem_object *obj) { struct drm_device *dev = obj->dev; guard(mutex)(&dev->object_name_lock); - drm_WARN_ON(dev, !obj->handle_count); /* first ref taken in create-tail helper */ + /* + * First ref taken during GEM object creation, if any. Some + * drivers set up internal framebuffers with GEM objects that + * do not have a GEM handle. Hence, this counter can be zero. + */ + if (!obj->handle_count) + return false; + drm_gem_object_handle_get(obj); + + return true; } -EXPORT_SYMBOL(drm_gem_object_handle_get_unlocked); /** * drm_gem_object_handle_free - release resources bound to userspace handles @@ -246,7 +257,7 @@ static void drm_gem_object_exported_dma_buf_free(struct drm_gem_object *obj) } /** - * drm_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked - releases reference on user-space handles + * drm_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked - releases reference on user-space handle * @obj: GEM object * * Releases a reference on the GEM buffer object's handle. Possibly releases @@ -257,14 +268,14 @@ void drm_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked(struct drm_gem_object *obj) struct drm_device *dev = obj->dev; bool final = false; - if (WARN_ON(READ_ONCE(obj->handle_count) == 0)) + if (drm_WARN_ON(dev, READ_ONCE(obj->handle_count) == 0)) return; /* - * Must bump handle count first as this may be the last - * ref, in which case the object would disappear before we - * checked for a name - */ + * Must bump handle count first as this may be the last + * ref, in which case the object would disappear before + * we checked for a name. + */ mutex_lock(&dev->object_name_lock); if (--obj->handle_count == 0) { @@ -277,7 +288,6 @@ void drm_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked(struct drm_gem_object *obj) if (final) drm_gem_object_put(obj); } -EXPORT_SYMBOL(drm_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked); /* * Called at device or object close to release the file's diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_framebuffer_helper.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_framebuffer_helper.c index 70cf930b83f46..3bdb6ba37ff42 100644 --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_framebuffer_helper.c +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_framebuffer_helper.c @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ void drm_gem_fb_destroy(struct drm_framebuffer *fb) unsigned int i; for (i = 0; i < fb->format->num_planes; i++) - drm_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked(fb->obj[i]); + drm_gem_object_put(fb->obj[i]); drm_framebuffer_cleanup(fb); kfree(fb); @@ -182,10 +182,8 @@ int drm_gem_fb_init_with_funcs(struct drm_device *dev, if (!objs[i]) { drm_dbg_kms(dev, "Failed to lookup GEM object\n"); ret = -ENOENT; - goto err_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked; + goto err_gem_object_put; } - drm_gem_object_handle_get_unlocked(objs[i]); - drm_gem_object_put(objs[i]); min_size = (height - 1) * mode_cmd->pitches[i] + drm_format_info_min_pitch(info, i, width) @@ -195,22 +193,22 @@ int drm_gem_fb_init_with_funcs(struct drm_device *dev, drm_dbg_kms(dev, "GEM object size (%zu) smaller than minimum size (%u) for plane %d\n", objs[i]->size, min_size, i); - drm_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked(objs[i]); + drm_gem_object_put(objs[i]); ret = -EINVAL; - goto err_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked; + goto err_gem_object_put; } } ret = drm_gem_fb_init(dev, fb, mode_cmd, objs, i, funcs); if (ret) - goto err_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked; + goto err_gem_object_put; return 0; -err_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked: +err_gem_object_put: while (i > 0) { --i; - drm_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked(objs[i]); + drm_gem_object_put(objs[i]); } return ret; } diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_internal.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_internal.h index ea7945f1435cc..994f76a764fcc 100644 --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_internal.h +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_internal.h @@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ void drm_sysfs_lease_event(struct drm_device *dev); /* drm_gem.c */ int drm_gem_init(struct drm_device *dev); -void drm_gem_object_handle_get_unlocked(struct drm_gem_object *obj); +bool drm_gem_object_handle_get_if_exists_unlocked(struct drm_gem_object *obj); void drm_gem_object_handle_put_unlocked(struct drm_gem_object *obj); int drm_gem_handle_create_tail(struct drm_file *file_priv, struct drm_gem_object *obj, diff --git a/include/drm/drm_framebuffer.h b/include/drm/drm_framebuffer.h index 0dcc07b686548..990259873e1e3 100644 --- a/include/drm/drm_framebuffer.h +++ b/include/drm/drm_framebuffer.h @@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ #ifndef __DRM_FRAMEBUFFER_H__ #define __DRM_FRAMEBUFFER_H__ +#include #include #include #include @@ -100,6 +101,8 @@ struct drm_framebuffer_funcs { unsigned num_clips); }; +#define DRM_FRAMEBUFFER_HAS_HANDLE_REF(_i) BIT(0u + (_i)) + /** * struct drm_framebuffer - frame buffer object * @@ -188,6 +191,10 @@ struct drm_framebuffer { * DRM_MODE_FB_MODIFIERS. */ int flags; + /** + * @internal_flags: Framebuffer flags like DRM_FRAMEBUFFER_HAS_HANDLE_REF. + */ + unsigned int internal_flags; /** * @hot_x: X coordinate of the cursor hotspot. Used by the legacy cursor * IOCTL when the driver supports cursor through a DRM_PLANE_TYPE_CURSOR