diff --git a/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/keyboard/basic.vscode.test.ts b/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/keyboard/basic.vscode.test.ts
index c216316019..734eb1218e 100644
--- a/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/keyboard/basic.vscode.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/keyboard/basic.vscode.test.ts
@@ -76,6 +76,20 @@ const testCases: TestCase[] = [
     keySequence: ["da", "aw", "wp", "aw", "wp"],
     finalContent: "((a))\n",
   },
+  {
+    name: "modifier range",
+    initialContent: "aaa bbb ccc ddd",
+    // clear bat past its next token
+    keySequence: ["db", "fk", "n", "st", "c"],
+    finalContent: "aaa  ddd",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "modifier list",
+    initialContent: "aaa bbb ccc ddd",
+    // clear bat and its second next token
+    keySequence: ["db", "fa", "2", "n", "st", "c"],
+    finalContent: "aaa  ccc ",
+  },
 ];
 
 suite("Basic keyboard test", async function () {
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-vscode/src/keyboard/KeyboardCommandHandler.ts b/packages/cursorless-vscode/src/keyboard/KeyboardCommandHandler.ts
index 0d4114f9ef..0a851ae5b3 100644
--- a/packages/cursorless-vscode/src/keyboard/KeyboardCommandHandler.ts
+++ b/packages/cursorless-vscode/src/keyboard/KeyboardCommandHandler.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ import {
   SimpleKeyboardActionDescriptor,
   SpecificKeyboardActionDescriptor,
 } from "./KeyboardActionType";
-import KeyboardCommandsTargeted from "./KeyboardCommandsTargeted";
+import KeyboardCommandsTargeted, {
+  TargetingMode,
+} from "./KeyboardCommandsTargeted";
 import { ModalVscodeCommandDescriptor } from "./TokenTypes";
 import { surroundingPairsDelimiters } from "@cursorless/cursorless-engine";
 import { isString } from "lodash";
@@ -89,8 +91,14 @@ export class KeyboardCommandHandler {
     );
   }
 
-  modifyTarget({ modifier }: { modifier: Modifier }) {
-    this.targeted.targetModifier(modifier);
+  modifyTarget({
+    modifier,
+    mode,
+  }: {
+    modifier: Modifier;
+    mode?: TargetingMode;
+  }) {
+    this.targeted.targetModifier(modifier, mode);
   }
 }
 
@@ -99,7 +107,7 @@ interface DecoratedMarkArg {
     color?: HatColor;
     shape?: HatShape;
   };
-  mode: "replace" | "extend" | "append";
+  mode: TargetingMode;
 }
 
 interface WrapActionArg {
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-vscode/src/keyboard/KeyboardCommandsTargeted.ts b/packages/cursorless-vscode/src/keyboard/KeyboardCommandsTargeted.ts
index 48e72ef4ff..373b6638b0 100644
--- a/packages/cursorless-vscode/src/keyboard/KeyboardCommandsTargeted.ts
+++ b/packages/cursorless-vscode/src/keyboard/KeyboardCommandsTargeted.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import KeyboardCommandsModal from "./KeyboardCommandsModal";
 import KeyboardHandler from "./KeyboardHandler";
 import { SimpleKeyboardActionDescriptor } from "./KeyboardActionType";
 
-type TargetingMode = "replace" | "extend" | "append";
+export type TargetingMode = "replace" | "extend" | "append";
 
 interface TargetDecoratedMarkArgument {
   color?: HatColor;
@@ -84,53 +84,56 @@ export default class KeyboardCommandsTargeted {
       return;
     }
 
-    let target: PartialTargetDescriptor = {
-      type: "primitive",
-      mark: {
-        type: "decoratedSymbol",
-        symbolColor: getStyleName(color, shape),
-        character,
-      },
-    };
+    return await setKeyboardTarget(
+      this.applyTargetingMode(
+        {
+          type: "primitive",
+          mark: {
+            type: "decoratedSymbol",
+            symbolColor: getStyleName(color, shape),
+            character,
+          },
+        },
+        mode,
+      ),
+    );
+  };
 
+  private applyTargetingMode(
+    target: PartialPrimitiveTargetDescriptor,
+    mode: TargetingMode,
+  ): PartialTargetDescriptor {
     switch (mode) {
       case "extend":
-        target = {
+        return {
           type: "range",
-          anchor: {
-            type: "primitive",
-            mark: {
-              type: "that",
-            },
-          },
+          anchor: getKeyboardTarget(),
           active: target,
           excludeActive: false,
           excludeAnchor: false,
         };
-        break;
       case "append":
-        target = {
+        return {
           type: "list",
-          elements: [
-            {
-              type: "primitive",
-              mark: {
-                type: "that",
-              },
-            },
-            target,
-          ],
+          elements: [getKeyboardTarget(), target],
         };
-        break;
       case "replace":
-        break;
+        return target;
     }
+  }
 
-    return await executeCursorlessCommand({
-      name: "private.setKeyboardTarget",
-      target,
-    });
-  };
+  /**
+   * Applies {@link modifier} to the current target
+   * @param param0 Describes the desired modifier
+   * @returns A promise that resolves to the result of the cursorless command
+   */
+  targetModifier = async (
+    modifier: Modifier,
+    mode: TargetingMode = "replace",
+  ) =>
+    await setKeyboardTarget(
+      this.applyTargetingMode(getKeyboardTarget(modifier), mode),
+    );
 
   /**
    * Expands the current target to the containing {@link scopeType}
@@ -141,37 +144,9 @@ export default class KeyboardCommandsTargeted {
     scopeType,
     type = "containingScope",
   }: ModifyTargetContainingScopeArgument) =>
-    await executeCursorlessCommand({
-      name: "private.setKeyboardTarget",
-      target: {
-        type: "primitive",
-        modifiers: [
-          {
-            type,
-            scopeType,
-          },
-        ],
-        mark: {
-          type: "keyboard",
-        },
-      },
-    });
-
-  /**
-   * Applies {@link modifier} to the current target
-   * @param param0 Describes the desired modifier
-   * @returns A promise that resolves to the result of the cursorless command
-   */
-  targetModifier = async (modifier: Modifier) =>
-    await executeCursorlessCommand({
-      name: "private.setKeyboardTarget",
-      target: {
-        type: "primitive",
-        modifiers: [modifier],
-        mark: {
-          type: "keyboard",
-        },
-      },
+    await this.targetModifier({
+      type,
+      scopeType,
     });
 
   /**
@@ -249,12 +224,7 @@ export default class KeyboardCommandsTargeted {
     ) => ActionDescriptor,
     { exitCursorlessMode }: PerformActionOpts,
   ) => {
-    const action = constructActionPayload({
-      type: "primitive",
-      mark: {
-        type: "keyboard",
-      },
-    });
+    const action = constructActionPayload(getKeyboardTarget());
     const returnValue = await executeCursorlessCommand(action);
 
     if (exitCursorlessMode) {
@@ -264,13 +234,10 @@ export default class KeyboardCommandsTargeted {
     } else {
       // If we're not exiting cursorless mode, preserve the keyboard mark
       // FIXME: Better to just not clobber the keyboard mark on each action?
-      await executeCursorlessCommand({
-        name: "private.setKeyboardTarget",
-        target: {
-          type: "primitive",
-          mark: {
-            type: "that",
-          },
+      await setKeyboardTarget({
+        type: "primitive",
+        mark: {
+          type: "that",
         },
       });
     }
@@ -295,16 +262,9 @@ export default class KeyboardCommandsTargeted {
       exitCursorlessMode,
     }: VscodeCommandOnTargetOptions = {},
   ) => {
-    const target: PartialPrimitiveTargetDescriptor = {
-      type: "primitive",
-      mark: {
-        type: "keyboard",
-      },
-    };
-
     const returnValue = await executeCursorlessCommand({
       name: "executeCommand",
-      target,
+      target: getKeyboardTarget(),
       commandId,
       options: {
         restoreSelection: !keepChangedSelection,
@@ -327,13 +287,10 @@ export default class KeyboardCommandsTargeted {
    * @returns A promise that resolves to the result of the cursorless command
    */
   targetSelection = () =>
-    executeCursorlessCommand({
-      name: "private.setKeyboardTarget",
-      target: {
-        type: "primitive",
-        mark: {
-          type: "cursor",
-        },
+    setKeyboardTarget({
+      type: "primitive",
+      mark: {
+        type: "cursor",
       },
     });
 
@@ -367,6 +324,25 @@ interface VscodeCommandOnTargetOptions {
   exitCursorlessMode?: boolean;
 }
 
+function setKeyboardTarget(target: PartialTargetDescriptor) {
+  return executeCursorlessCommand({
+    name: "private.setKeyboardTarget",
+    target,
+  });
+}
+
+function getKeyboardTarget(
+  ...modifiers: Modifier[]
+): PartialPrimitiveTargetDescriptor {
+  return {
+    type: "primitive",
+    modifiers: modifiers.length > 0 ? modifiers : undefined,
+    mark: {
+      type: "keyboard",
+    },
+  };
+}
+
 function executeCursorlessCommand(action: ActionDescriptor) {
   return runCursorlessCommand({
     action,
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-vscode/src/keyboard/grammar/generated/grammar.ts b/packages/cursorless-vscode/src/keyboard/grammar/generated/grammar.ts
index 7c23f4f672..611384fa8b 100644
--- a/packages/cursorless-vscode/src/keyboard/grammar/generated/grammar.ts
+++ b/packages/cursorless-vscode/src/keyboard/grammar/generated/grammar.ts
@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@ const grammar: Grammar = {
         command("targetDecoratedMark", { decoratedMark: $1, mode: "append" })
         },
     {"name": "main", "symbols": ["modifier"], "postprocess": command("modifyTarget", { modifier: $0 })},
+    {"name": "main", "symbols": [(keyboardLexer.has("makeRange") ? {type: "makeRange"} : makeRange), "modifier"], "postprocess": command("modifyTarget", { modifier: $1, mode: "extend" })},
+    {"name": "main", "symbols": [(keyboardLexer.has("makeList") ? {type: "makeList"} : makeList), "modifier"], "postprocess": command("modifyTarget", { modifier: $1, mode: "append" })},
     {"name": "main", "symbols": [(keyboardLexer.has("simpleAction") ? {type: "simpleAction"} : simpleAction)], "postprocess": command("performSimpleActionOnTarget", ["actionDescriptor"])},
     {"name": "main", "symbols": [(keyboardLexer.has("wrap") ? {type: "wrap"} : wrap), (keyboardLexer.has("pairedDelimiter") ? {type: "pairedDelimiter"} : pairedDelimiter)], "postprocess": 
         command("performWrapActionOnTarget", ["actionDescriptor", "delimiter"])
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-vscode/src/keyboard/grammar/grammar.ne b/packages/cursorless-vscode/src/keyboard/grammar/grammar.ne
index f5f0d3fba0..202823ba61 100644
--- a/packages/cursorless-vscode/src/keyboard/grammar/grammar.ne
+++ b/packages/cursorless-vscode/src/keyboard/grammar/grammar.ne
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ main -> %makeList decoratedMark {%
 # --------------------------- Modifier --------------------------
 
 main -> modifier {% command("modifyTarget", { modifier: $0 }) %}
+main -> %makeRange modifier {% command("modifyTarget", { modifier: $1, mode: "extend" }) %}
+main -> %makeList modifier {% command("modifyTarget", { modifier: $1, mode: "append" }) %}
 
 # --------------------------- Actions --------------------------