Implment backtrack for parser and add a human-friendly pretty printer for errors

[andylokandy]

I hereby agree to the terms of the CLA available at: https://databend.rs/dev/policies/cla/

Summary

Now the SQL parser keeps tracking the grammar path it tried and return the longest possible (but failed) path. Also, a pretty printer is added to render the error path into a human-friendly error report.

For example, parsing the statement truncate table a will produce:

error: 
  --> SQL:1:17
  |
1 | truncate table a
  | --------        ^ expected token ";"
  | |               
  | while parsing TRUNCATE TABLE statement

Changelog

• New Feature

Related Issues

Blocked by #4039
Ref #866

Test Plan

Unit Tests

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[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Merging #4045 (09859e3) into main (76e831b) will increase coverage by 0%.
The diff coverage is 83%.

@@          Coverage Diff           @@
##            main   #4045    +/-   ##
======================================
  Coverage     57%     57%            
======================================
  Files        821     824     +3     
  Lines      43468   43995   +527     
======================================
+ Hits       24805   25294   +489     
- Misses     18663   18701    +38     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
common/ast/src/parser/rule/error.rs	79% <79%> (ø)
common/ast/src/parser/rule/util.rs	78% <80%> (ø)
common/ast/src/parser/rule/expr.rs	75% <82%> (+75%)	⬆️
common/ast/src/parser/ast/expression.rs	65% <100%> (+18%)	⬆️
common/ast/src/parser/rule/statement.rs	100% <100%> (ø)
common/ast/src/parser/token.rs	81% <0%> (-19%)	⬇️
metasrv/src/network.rs	97% <0%> (-2%)	⬇️
common/containers/src/pool.rs	79% <0%> (+2%)	⬆️
... and 4 more

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[BohuTANG]

Cool, #4039 merged :)

[andylokandy]

@BohuTANG thanks! This is also ready for review.

[leiysky]

IMO, it's better to take normalized AST(i.e. the Debug string of AST) as output, since structure of AST may change in the future.

[andylokandy]

It is the debug string of AST.

[leiysky]

Oh, my fault. I mean the Display string, which is normalized SQL string of an AST.

[databend-bot]

Wait for another reviewer approval

[BohuTANG]

/lgtm

Thank you @andylokandy !

[databend-bot]

CI Passed
Reviewers Approved
Let's Merge
Thank you for the PR @andylokandy