fix(runtime/js/workers): throw errors instead of using an op

[nayeemrmn]

Fixes #11350.

[bartlomieju]

I think addressing this comment is needed as well.

[nayeemrmn]

@andreubotella This makes workers terminate on any unhandled error, including async and message handler ones. Message handler error terminations can still be prevented with a self.onerror = () => true within the worker.

[andreubotella]

I'm not too keen on the idea of killing the worker as soon as an error happens, especially since the error can be handled somewhere along the chain and might not end up killing the process. But I'm fine with this behavior as a stepping stone towards the behavior in #12221 (comment), since currently Deno doesn't really distinguish between sync and async errors.

I'll defer to @lucacasonato and @bartlomieju on this.

[bartlomieju]

LGTM

I agree with @andreubotella that this is a good stepping stone but will require further iterations.