diff --git a/.eslintrc.js b/.eslintrc.js
index a6617baecd..45e80130bd 100644
--- a/.eslintrc.js
+++ b/.eslintrc.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 module.exports = {
+  root: true,
   extends: ['prettier'],
   parserOptions: {
     ecmaVersion: 2021
@@ -70,6 +71,10 @@ module.exports = {
   overrides: [
     {
       files: ['lib/**/*.js'],
+      excludedFiles: [
+        'lib/core/reporters/**/*.js',
+        'lib/**/*-after.js'
+      ],
       parserOptions: {
         sourceType: 'module'
       },
@@ -87,6 +92,23 @@ module.exports = {
         'no-use-before-define': 'off'
       }
     },
+    {
+      // after functions and reporters will not be run inside the same context as axe.run so should not access browser globals that require context specific information (window.location, window.getComputedStyles, etc.)
+      files: [
+        'lib/**/*-after.js',
+        'lib/core/reporters/**/*.js'
+      ],
+      parserOptions: {
+        sourceType: 'module'
+      },
+      env: {},
+      globals: {},
+      rules: {
+        'func-names': [2, 'as-needed'],
+        'prefer-const': 2,
+        'no-use-before-define': 'off'
+      }
+    },
     {
       files: ['test/**/*.js'],
       parserOptions: {
diff --git a/axe.d.ts b/axe.d.ts
index 1d52ff0540..f0ba24b635 100644
--- a/axe.d.ts
+++ b/axe.d.ts
@@ -96,13 +96,8 @@ declare namespace axe {
     preload?: boolean;
     performanceTimer?: boolean;
   }
-  interface AxeResults {
+  interface AxeResults extends EnvironmentData {
     toolOptions: RunOptions;
-    testEngine: TestEngine;
-    testRunner: TestRunner;
-    testEnvironment: TestEnvironment;
-    url: string;
-    timestamp: string;
     passes: Result[];
     violations: Result[];
     incomplete: Result[];
@@ -262,6 +257,7 @@ declare namespace axe {
   interface PartialResult {
     frames: SerialDqElement[];
     results: PartialRuleResult[];
+    environmentData?: EnvironmentData;
   }
   type PartialResults = Array<PartialResult | null>
   interface FrameContext {
@@ -272,6 +268,13 @@ declare namespace axe {
     getFrameContexts: (context?: ElementContext) => FrameContext[];
     shadowSelect: (selector: CrossTreeSelector) => Element | null;
   }
+  interface EnvironmentData {
+    testEngine: TestEngine;
+    testRunner: TestRunner;
+    testEnvironment: TestEnvironment;
+    url: string;
+    timestamp: string;
+  }
 
   let version: string;
   let plugins: any;
diff --git a/doc/run-partial.md b/doc/run-partial.md
index 625aa790d9..011edf4a85 100644
--- a/doc/run-partial.md
+++ b/doc/run-partial.md
@@ -81,6 +81,13 @@ The `axe.utils.getFrameContexts` method takes any valid context, and returns an
 
 - `frameSelector`: This is a CSS selector, or array of CSS selectors in case of nodes in a shadow DOM tree to locate the frame element to be tested.
 - `frameContext`: This is an object is a context object that should be tested in the particular frame.
+
+## Custom Rulesets and Reporters
+
+Because `axe.finishRun` does not run inside the page, the `reporter` and `after` methods do not have access to the top-level `window` and `document` objects, and might not have access to common browser APIs. Axe-core reporter use the `environmentData` property that is set on the partialResult object of the initiator.
+
+Because of this constraint, custom reporters, and custom rulesets that add `after` methods must not rely on browser APIs or globals. Any data needed for either should either be taken from the `environmentData` property, or collected in an `evaluate` method of a check, and stored using its `.data()` method.
+
 ## Recommendations
 
 When building integrations with browser drivers using axe-core, it is safer and more stable to use `axe.runPartial` and `axe.finishRun` then to use `axe.run`. These two methods ensure that no information from one frame is ever handed off to another. That way if any script in a frame interferes with the `axe` object, or with `window.postMessage`, other frames will not be affected.
diff --git a/lib/core/public/finish-run.js b/lib/core/public/finish-run.js
index c9c7d0d1dd..63228d0bb6 100644
--- a/lib/core/public/finish-run.js
+++ b/lib/core/public/finish-run.js
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
 
 export default function finishRun(partialResults, options = {}) {
   options = clone(options);
+  const { environmentData } = partialResults.find(r => r.environmentData) || {}
 
   // normalize the runOnly option for the output of reporters toolOptions
   axe._audit.normalizeOptions(options);
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ export default function finishRun(partialResults, options = {}) {
   results.forEach(publishMetaData);
   results = results.map(finalizeRuleResult);
 
-  return createReport(results, options);
+  return createReport(results, { environmentData, ...options });
 }
 
 function setFrameSpec(partialResults) {
diff --git a/lib/core/public/run-partial.js b/lib/core/public/run-partial.js
index 50dc14722c..e543397933 100644
--- a/lib/core/public/run-partial.js
+++ b/lib/core/public/run-partial.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import Context from '../base/context';
 import teardown from './teardown';
-import { DqElement, getSelectorData, assert } from '../utils';
+import { DqElement, getSelectorData, assert, getEnvironmentData } from '../utils';
 import normalizeRunParams from './run/normalize-run-params';
 
 export default function runPartial(...args) {
@@ -28,7 +28,12 @@ export default function runPartial(...args) {
       const frames = contextObj.frames.map(({ node }) => {
         return new DqElement(node, options).toJSON();
       });
-      return { results, frames };
+      let environmentData;
+      if (contextObj.initiator) {
+        environmentData = getEnvironmentData();
+      }
+
+      return { results, frames, environmentData };
     })
     .finally(() => {
       axe._running = false;
diff --git a/lib/core/public/run-virtual-rule.js b/lib/core/public/run-virtual-rule.js
index 1477d3796c..d474dcb112 100644
--- a/lib/core/public/run-virtual-rule.js
+++ b/lib/core/public/run-virtual-rule.js
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
   publishMetaData,
   finalizeRuleResult,
   aggregateResult,
+  getEnvironmentData,
   getRule
 } from '../utils';
 
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ function runVirtualRule(ruleId, vNode, options = {}) {
   );
 
   return {
-    ...helpers.getEnvironmentData(),
+    ...getEnvironmentData(),
     ...results,
     toolOptions: options
   };
diff --git a/lib/core/reporters/helpers/get-environment-data.js b/lib/core/reporters/helpers/get-environment-data.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 986aa55d27..0000000000
--- a/lib/core/reporters/helpers/get-environment-data.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Add information about the environment axe was run in.
- * @return {Object}
- */
-function getEnvironmentData(win = window) {
-  // TODO: remove parameter once we are testing axe-core in jsdom and other
-  // supported environments
-  const {
-    screen = {},
-    navigator = {},
-    location = {},
-    innerHeight,
-    innerWidth
-  } = win;
-
-  const orientation =
-    screen.msOrientation || screen.orientation || screen.mozOrientation || {};
-
-  return {
-    testEngine: {
-      name: 'axe-core',
-      version: axe.version
-    },
-    testRunner: {
-      name: axe._audit.brand
-    },
-    testEnvironment: {
-      userAgent: navigator.userAgent,
-      windowWidth: innerWidth,
-      windowHeight: innerHeight,
-      orientationAngle: orientation.angle,
-      orientationType: orientation.type
-    },
-    timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
-    url: location.href
-  };
-}
-
-export default getEnvironmentData;
diff --git a/lib/core/reporters/helpers/index.js b/lib/core/reporters/helpers/index.js
index a0d0736c1e..dbde573bcb 100644
--- a/lib/core/reporters/helpers/index.js
+++ b/lib/core/reporters/helpers/index.js
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import failureSummary from './failure-summary';
-import getEnvironmentData from './get-environment-data';
 import incompleteFallbackMessage from './incomplete-fallback-msg';
 import processAggregate from './process-aggregate';
 
@@ -8,14 +7,12 @@ import processAggregate from './process-aggregate';
 axe._thisWillBeDeletedDoNotUse = axe._thisWillBeDeletedDoNotUse || {};
 axe._thisWillBeDeletedDoNotUse.helpers = {
   failureSummary,
-  getEnvironmentData,
   incompleteFallbackMessage,
   processAggregate
 };
 
 export {
   failureSummary,
-  getEnvironmentData,
   incompleteFallbackMessage,
   processAggregate
 };
diff --git a/lib/core/reporters/na.js b/lib/core/reporters/na.js
index 4723364b99..edf76d0fc6 100644
--- a/lib/core/reporters/na.js
+++ b/lib/core/reporters/na.js
@@ -1,23 +1,20 @@
-import { processAggregate, getEnvironmentData } from './helpers';
+import { processAggregate } from './helpers';
+import { getEnvironmentData } from '../utils';
 
 const naReporter = (results, options, callback) => {
   console.warn(
     '"na" reporter will be deprecated in axe v4.0. Use the "v2" reporter instead.'
   );
-
   if (typeof options === 'function') {
     callback = options;
     options = {};
   }
 
-  var out = processAggregate(results, options);
+  const { environmentData, ...toolOptions } = options;
   callback({
-    ...getEnvironmentData(),
-    toolOptions: options,
-    violations: out.violations,
-    passes: out.passes,
-    incomplete: out.incomplete,
-    inapplicable: out.inapplicable
+    ...getEnvironmentData(environmentData),
+    toolOptions,
+    ...processAggregate(results, options)
   });
 };
 
diff --git a/lib/core/reporters/no-passes.js b/lib/core/reporters/no-passes.js
index 91b9c49b34..3cc3cbe451 100644
--- a/lib/core/reporters/no-passes.js
+++ b/lib/core/reporters/no-passes.js
@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
-import { processAggregate, getEnvironmentData } from './helpers';
+import { processAggregate } from './helpers';
+import { getEnvironmentData } from '../utils';
 
 const noPassesReporter = (results, options, callback) => {
   if (typeof options === 'function') {
     callback = options;
     options = {};
   }
+  const { environmentData, ...toolOptions } = options;
   // limit result processing to types we want to include in the output
   options.resultTypes = ['violations'];
 
-  var out = processAggregate(results, options);
+  var { violations } = processAggregate(results, options);
 
   callback({
-    ...getEnvironmentData(),
-    toolOptions: options,
-    violations: out.violations
+    ...getEnvironmentData(environmentData),
+    toolOptions,
+    violations
   });
 };
 
diff --git a/lib/core/reporters/raw-env.js b/lib/core/reporters/raw-env.js
index becd34ef3a..cda4904b37 100644
--- a/lib/core/reporters/raw-env.js
+++ b/lib/core/reporters/raw-env.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { getEnvironmentData } from './helpers';
+import { getEnvironmentData } from '../utils';
 import rawReporter from './raw';
 
 const rawEnvReporter = (results, options, callback) => {
@@ -6,12 +6,11 @@ const rawEnvReporter = (results, options, callback) => {
     callback = options;
     options = {};
   }
-  function rawCallback(raw) {
-    const env = getEnvironmentData();
+  const { environmentData, ...toolOptions } = options;
+  rawReporter(results, toolOptions, (raw) => {
+    const env = getEnvironmentData(environmentData);
     callback({ raw, env });
-  }
-
-  rawReporter(results, options, rawCallback);
+  });
 };
 
 export default rawEnvReporter;
diff --git a/lib/core/reporters/v1.js b/lib/core/reporters/v1.js
index 3375ce5978..d83f6d3b72 100644
--- a/lib/core/reporters/v1.js
+++ b/lib/core/reporters/v1.js
@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
-import {
-  processAggregate,
-  failureSummary,
-  getEnvironmentData
-} from './helpers';
+import { processAggregate, failureSummary } from './helpers';
+import { getEnvironmentData } from '../utils'
 
 const v1Reporter = (results, options, callback) => {
   if (typeof options === 'function') {
     callback = options;
     options = {};
-  }
-  var out = processAggregate(results, options);
+  };
+  const { environmentData, ...toolOptions } = options;
+  const out = processAggregate(results, options);
 
   const addFailureSummaries = result => {
     result.nodes.forEach(nodeResult => {
@@ -21,12 +19,9 @@ const v1Reporter = (results, options, callback) => {
   out.violations.forEach(addFailureSummaries);
 
   callback({
-    ...getEnvironmentData(),
-    toolOptions: options,
-    violations: out.violations,
-    passes: out.passes,
-    incomplete: out.incomplete,
-    inapplicable: out.inapplicable
+    ...getEnvironmentData(environmentData),
+    toolOptions,
+    ...out
   });
 };
 
diff --git a/lib/core/reporters/v2.js b/lib/core/reporters/v2.js
index 0c6102a81e..f4a63333ee 100644
--- a/lib/core/reporters/v2.js
+++ b/lib/core/reporters/v2.js
@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
-import { processAggregate, getEnvironmentData } from './helpers';
+import { processAggregate } from './helpers';
+import { getEnvironmentData } from '../utils';
 
 const v2Reporter = (results, options, callback) => {
   if (typeof options === 'function') {
     callback = options;
     options = {};
   }
+  const { environmentData, ...toolOptions } = options;
   var out = processAggregate(results, options);
   callback({
-    ...getEnvironmentData(),
-    toolOptions: options,
-    violations: out.violations,
-    passes: out.passes,
-    incomplete: out.incomplete,
-    inapplicable: out.inapplicable
+    ...getEnvironmentData(environmentData),
+    toolOptions,
+    ...out
   });
 };
 
diff --git a/lib/core/utils/get-environment-data.js b/lib/core/utils/get-environment-data.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc99f56796
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/core/utils/get-environment-data.js
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/**
+ * Add information about the environment axe was run in.
+ * @return {EnvironmentData}
+ */
+export default function getEnvironmentData(metadata = null, win = window) {
+  if (metadata && typeof metadata === 'object') {
+    return metadata;
+  } else if (typeof win !== 'object') {
+    return {}
+  }
+
+  return {
+    testEngine: {
+      name: 'axe-core',
+      version: axe.version
+    },
+    testRunner: {
+      name: axe._audit.brand
+    },
+    testEnvironment: getTestEnvironment(win),
+    timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
+    url: win.location?.href
+  };
+}
+
+function getTestEnvironment(win) {
+  if (!win.navigator || typeof win.navigator !== 'object') {
+    return {}
+  }
+  const { navigator, innerHeight, innerWidth } = win;
+  const { angle, type } = getOrientation(win) || {}
+  return {
+    userAgent: navigator.userAgent,
+    windowWidth: innerWidth,
+    windowHeight: innerHeight,
+    orientationAngle: angle,
+    orientationType: type
+  }
+}
+
+function getOrientation({ screen }) {
+  return (
+    screen.orientation ||
+    screen.msOrientation ||
+    screen.mozOrientation
+  );
+}
diff --git a/lib/core/utils/index.js b/lib/core/utils/index.js
index 5fc50f7eb9..d1004457b0 100644
--- a/lib/core/utils/index.js
+++ b/lib/core/utils/index.js
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ export { default as getAllChecks } from './get-all-checks';
 export { default as getBaseLang } from './get-base-lang';
 export { default as getCheckMessage } from './get-check-message';
 export { default as getCheckOption } from './get-check-option';
+export { default as getEnvironmentData } from './get-environment-data';
 export { default as getFrameContexts } from './get-frame-contexts';
 export { default as getFriendlyUriEnd } from './get-friendly-uri-end';
 export { default as getNodeAttributes } from './get-node-attributes';
diff --git a/test/core/public/finish-run.js b/test/core/public/finish-run.js
index 728d687307..b87ccd0986 100644
--- a/test/core/public/finish-run.js
+++ b/test/core/public/finish-run.js
@@ -83,6 +83,24 @@ describe('axe.finishRun', function() {
       .catch(done);
   });
 
+  it('takes partialResult.environmentData to the reporter', function (done) {
+    var testEngine = {
+      name: 'dummy-engine',
+      version: '1.2.3.4.5'
+    };
+    axe
+      .runPartial()
+      .then(function(partialResult) {
+        partialResult.environmentData = { testEngine: testEngine }
+        return axe.finishRun([partialResult], { runOnly: 'region' });
+      })
+      .then(function(results) {
+        assert.deepEqual(results.testEngine, testEngine);
+        done();
+      })
+      .catch(done);
+  });
+
   it('can report violations results', function(done) {
     fixture.innerHTML = '<div aria-label="foo"></div>';
     axe
diff --git a/test/core/public/run-partial.js b/test/core/public/run-partial.js
index 491a4ecfbe..53cb2893d6 100644
--- a/test/core/public/run-partial.js
+++ b/test/core/public/run-partial.js
@@ -129,6 +129,30 @@ describe('axe.runPartial', function() {
     });
   });
 
+  describe('environmentData', function () {
+    it('includes environment data for the initiator', function (done) {
+      var context = {
+        include: ['#fixture']
+      }
+      axe.runPartial(context, { runOnly: 'image-alt' }).then(function(out) {
+        var keys = Object.keys(axe.utils.getEnvironmentData());
+        assert.hasAllKeys(out.environmentData, keys);
+        done();
+      }).catch(done);
+    });
+
+    it('is undefined for frames', function (done) {
+      var context = {
+        include: ['#fixture'],
+        initiator: false
+      }
+      axe.runPartial(context, { runOnly: 'image-alt' }).then(function(out) {
+        assert.isUndefined(out.environmentData);
+        done();
+      }).catch(done);
+    });
+  });
+
   describe('guards', function() {
     var audit = axe._audit;
     afterEach(function() {
diff --git a/test/core/reporters/na.js b/test/core/reporters/na.js
index 75e9ba0e52..3c1ee57358 100644
--- a/test/core/reporters/na.js
+++ b/test/core/reporters/na.js
@@ -204,15 +204,27 @@ describe('reporters - na', function() {
   });
   it('should add environment data', function() {
     axe.getReporter('na')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
-      assert.isNotNull(results.url);
-      assert.isNotNull(results.timestamp);
-      assert.isNotNull(results.testEnvironement);
-      assert.isNotNull(results.testRunner);
+      assert.isDefined(results.url);
+      assert.isDefined(results.timestamp);
+      assert.isDefined(results.testEnvironment);
+      assert.isDefined(results.testRunner);
     });
   });
   it('should add toolOptions property', function() {
     axe.getReporter('na')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
-      assert.isNotNull(results.toolOptions);
+      assert.isDefined(results.toolOptions);
+    });
+  });
+  it('uses the environmentData option instead of environment data if specified', function () {
+    var environmentData = {
+      myReporter: 'hello world'
+    }
+    axe.getReporter('na')(runResults, { environmentData: environmentData }, function(results) {
+      assert.equal(results.myReporter, 'hello world');
+      assert.isUndefined(results.url);
+      assert.isUndefined(results.timestamp);
+      assert.isUndefined(results.testEnvironment);
+      assert.isUndefined(results.testRunner);
     });
   });
 });
diff --git a/test/core/reporters/no-passes.js b/test/core/reporters/no-passes.js
index 9ee36ee936..d24a84df2f 100644
--- a/test/core/reporters/no-passes.js
+++ b/test/core/reporters/no-passes.js
@@ -107,22 +107,22 @@ describe('reporters - no-passes', function() {
     });
   });
   it('should add the rule id to the rule result', function() {
-    axe.getReporter('na')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
+    axe.getReporter('no-passes')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
       assert.equal(results.violations[0].id, 'idkStuff');
     });
   });
   it('should add tags to the rule result', function() {
-    axe.getReporter('na')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
+    axe.getReporter('no-passes')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
       assert.deepEqual(results.violations[0].tags, ['tag2']);
     });
   });
   it('should add the rule help to the rule result', function() {
-    axe.getReporter('na')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
+    axe.getReporter('no-passes')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
       assert.isNotOk(results.violations[0].helpUrl);
     });
   });
   it('should add the html to the node data', function() {
-    axe.getReporter('na')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
+    axe.getReporter('no-passes')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
       assert.ok(results.violations[0].nodes);
       assert.equal(results.violations[0].nodes.length, 1);
       assert.equal(
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ describe('reporters - no-passes', function() {
     });
   });
   it('should add the target selector array to the node data', function() {
-    axe.getReporter('na')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
+    axe.getReporter('no-passes')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
       assert.ok(results.violations[0].nodes);
       assert.equal(results.violations[0].nodes.length, 1);
       assert.deepEqual(results.violations[0].nodes[0].target, [
@@ -143,18 +143,18 @@ describe('reporters - no-passes', function() {
     });
   });
   it('should add the description to the rule result', function() {
-    axe.getReporter('na')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
+    axe.getReporter('no-passes')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
       assert.equal(results.violations[0].description, 'something more nifty');
     });
   });
   it('should add the impact to the rule result', function() {
-    axe.getReporter('na')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
+    axe.getReporter('no-passes')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
       assert.equal(results.violations[0].impact, 'cats');
       assert.equal(results.violations[0].nodes[0].impact, 'cats');
     });
   });
   it('should map relatedNodes', function() {
-    axe.getReporter('na')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
+    axe.getReporter('no-passes')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
       assert.lengthOf(results.violations[0].nodes[0].all[0].relatedNodes, 1);
       assert.equal(
         results.violations[0].nodes[0].all[0].relatedNodes[0].target,
@@ -167,16 +167,28 @@ describe('reporters - no-passes', function() {
     });
   });
   it('should add environment data', function() {
-    axe.getReporter('na')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
-      assert.isNotNull(results.url);
-      assert.isNotNull(results.timestamp);
-      assert.isNotNull(results.testEnvironement);
-      assert.isNotNull(results.testRunner);
+    axe.getReporter('no-passes')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
+      assert.isDefined(results.url);
+      assert.isDefined(results.timestamp);
+      assert.isDefined(results.testEnvironment);
+      assert.isDefined(results.testRunner);
     });
   });
   it('should add toolOptions property', function() {
-    axe.getReporter('na')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
-      assert.isNotNull(results.toolOptions);
+    axe.getReporter('no-passes')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
+      assert.isDefined(results.toolOptions);
+    });
+  });
+  it('uses the environmentData option instead of environment data if specified', function () {
+    var environmentData = {
+      myReporter: 'hello world'
+    }
+    axe.getReporter('no-passes')(runResults, { environmentData: environmentData }, function(results) {
+      assert.equal(results.myReporter, 'hello world');
+      assert.isUndefined(results.url);
+      assert.isUndefined(results.timestamp);
+      assert.isUndefined(results.testEnvironment);
+      assert.isUndefined(results.testRunner);
     });
   });
 });
diff --git a/test/core/reporters/raw-env.js b/test/core/reporters/raw-env.js
index 2c8dcce0e4..448cfddae8 100644
--- a/test/core/reporters/raw-env.js
+++ b/test/core/reporters/raw-env.js
@@ -129,11 +129,20 @@ describe('reporters - raw-env', function() {
 
   it('should pass env object', function() {
     axe.getReporter('rawEnv')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
-      assert.isNotNull(results.env);
-      assert.isNotNull(results.env.url);
-      assert.isNotNull(results.env.timestamp);
-      assert.isNotNull(results.env.testEnvironement);
-      assert.isNotNull(results.env.testRunner);
+      assert.isDefined(results.env);
+      assert.isDefined(results.env.url);
+      assert.isDefined(results.env.timestamp);
+      assert.isDefined(results.env.testEnvironment);
+      assert.isDefined(results.env.testRunner);
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('uses the environmentData option instead of environment data if specified', function () {
+    var environmentData = {
+      myReporter: 'hello world'
+    }
+    axe.getReporter('rawEnv')(runResults, { environmentData: environmentData }, function(results) {
+      assert.deepEqual(results.env, environmentData);
     });
   });
 });
diff --git a/test/core/reporters/v1.js b/test/core/reporters/v1.js
index 37ff9bc656..8e4e532883 100644
--- a/test/core/reporters/v1.js
+++ b/test/core/reporters/v1.js
@@ -285,15 +285,27 @@ describe('reporters - v1', function() {
   });
   it('should add environment data', function() {
     axe.getReporter('v1')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
-      assert.isNotNull(results.url);
-      assert.isNotNull(results.timestamp);
-      assert.isNotNull(results.testEnvironement);
-      assert.isNotNull(results.testRunner);
+      assert.isDefined(results.url);
+      assert.isDefined(results.timestamp);
+      assert.isDefined(results.testEnvironment);
+      assert.isDefined(results.testRunner);
     });
   });
   it('should add toolOptions property', function() {
     axe.getReporter('v1')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
-      assert.isNotNull(results.toolOptions);
+      assert.isDefined(results.toolOptions);
+    });
+  });
+  it('uses the environmentData option instead of environment data if specified', function () {
+    var environmentData = {
+      myReporter: 'hello world'
+    }
+    axe.getReporter('v1')(runResults, { environmentData: environmentData }, function(results) {
+      assert.equal(results.myReporter, 'hello world');
+      assert.isUndefined(results.url);
+      assert.isUndefined(results.timestamp);
+      assert.isUndefined(results.testEnvironment);
+      assert.isUndefined(results.testRunner);
     });
   });
 });
diff --git a/test/core/reporters/v2.js b/test/core/reporters/v2.js
index a9af4f103a..b7380a5953 100644
--- a/test/core/reporters/v2.js
+++ b/test/core/reporters/v2.js
@@ -186,15 +186,27 @@ describe('reporters - v2', function() {
   });
   it('should add environment data', function() {
     axe.getReporter('v2')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
-      assert.isNotNull(results.url);
-      assert.isNotNull(results.timestamp);
-      assert.isNotNull(results.testEnvironement);
-      assert.isNotNull(results.testRunner);
+      assert.isDefined(results.url);
+      assert.isDefined(results.timestamp);
+      assert.isDefined(results.testEnvironment);
+      assert.isDefined(results.testRunner);
     });
   });
   it('should add toolOptions property', function() {
     axe.getReporter('v2')(runResults, {}, function(results) {
-      assert.isNotNull(results.toolOptions);
+      assert.isDefined(results.toolOptions);
+    });
+  });
+  it('uses the environmentData option instead of environment data if specified', function () {
+    var environmentData = {
+      myReporter: 'hello world'
+    }
+    axe.getReporter('v2')(runResults, { environmentData: environmentData }, function(results) {
+      assert.equal(results.myReporter, 'hello world');
+      assert.isUndefined(results.url);
+      assert.isUndefined(results.timestamp);
+      assert.isUndefined(results.testEnvironment);
+      assert.isUndefined(results.testRunner);
     });
   });
 });
diff --git a/test/core/reporters/helpers/get-environment-data.js b/test/core/utils/get-environment-data.js
similarity index 77%
rename from test/core/reporters/helpers/get-environment-data.js
rename to test/core/utils/get-environment-data.js
index a653345543..bb4a9a877a 100644
--- a/test/core/reporters/helpers/get-environment-data.js
+++ b/test/core/utils/get-environment-data.js
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-describe('helpers.getEnvironmentData', function() {
+describe('utils.getEnvironmentData', function() {
   'use strict';
   var __audit;
+  var getEnvironmentData = axe.utils.getEnvironmentData;
   before(function() {
     __audit = axe._audit;
     axe._audit = { brand: 'Deque' };
@@ -10,21 +11,32 @@ describe('helpers.getEnvironmentData', function() {
     axe._audit = __audit;
   });
 
+  it('returns the first argument, if it is truthy', function () {
+    var input = {
+      testEngine: {
+        name: 'axe-core',
+        version: axe.version
+      }
+    }
+    var output = getEnvironmentData(input)
+    assert.equal(input, output);
+  })
+
   it('should return a `testEngine` property', function() {
-    var data = helpers.getEnvironmentData();
+    var data = getEnvironmentData();
     assert.isObject(data.testEngine);
     assert.equal(data.testEngine.name, 'axe-core');
     assert.equal(data.testEngine.version, axe.version);
   });
 
   it('should return a `testRunner` property', function() {
-    var data = helpers.getEnvironmentData();
+    var data = getEnvironmentData();
     assert.isObject(data.testRunner);
     assert.equal(data.testRunner.name, axe._audit.brand);
   });
 
   it('should return a `testEnvironment` property', function() {
-    var data = helpers.getEnvironmentData();
+    var data = getEnvironmentData();
     assert.isObject(data.testEnvironment);
     assert.ok(data.testEnvironment.userAgent);
     assert.ok(data.testEnvironment.windowWidth);
@@ -34,12 +46,12 @@ describe('helpers.getEnvironmentData', function() {
   });
 
   it('should return a `timestamp` property`', function() {
-    var data = helpers.getEnvironmentData();
+    var data = getEnvironmentData();
     assert.isDefined(data.timestamp);
   });
 
   it('should return a `url` property', function() {
-    var data = helpers.getEnvironmentData();
+    var data = getEnvironmentData();
     assert.isDefined(data.url);
   });
 
@@ -47,7 +59,7 @@ describe('helpers.getEnvironmentData', function() {
   // other supported environments as what this is testing should be done in
   // those environment tests
   it('gets data from the `win` parameter when passed', function() {
-    var data = helpers.getEnvironmentData({
+    var data = getEnvironmentData(null, {
       screen: {
         orientation: {
           type: 'fictional',