diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 5cecc5de4b..bd970895da 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -2,25 +2,41 @@
 
 All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. See [standard-version](https://github.com/conventional-changelog/standard-version) for commit guidelines.
 
+### [4.8.1](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/compare/v4.8.0...v4.8.1) (2023-09-08)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- **target-size:** show closest offset in message ([#4151](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/issues/4151)) ([a0882f6](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/commit/a0882f64610279adce39b015c7e62bf955e04a22))
+
 ## [4.8.0](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/compare/v4.7.2...v4.8.0) (2023-09-06)
 
-### Features
+### Consistent Rule Impact
 
-- add EN.301.549 tags to rules ([#4063](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/issues/4063)) ([de3da89](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/commit/de3da897e56179d94ef8a0dc1a667b5663c489d1))
-- add rule aria-conditional-attr ([#4094](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/issues/4094)) ([d417630](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/commit/d417630e89a41603426c2bb545b49057f03ed8e5))
+This release changes it so that a rule never changes what impact it reports. To facilitate this while without changing the impact on certain issues, some rules have been split. The following changes were involved:
+
+- Deprecate impact on checks; use rules instead ([#4114](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/issues/4114)) ([2cc5547](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/commit/2cc5547634ee783701675631ee3978129707e6f0))
 - add rule aria-deprecated-role ([#4074](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/issues/4074)) ([03f2771](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/commit/03f2771ab43bd877b7919c29b4f5e737b5a69544))
+- add rule aria-conditional-attr ([#4094](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/issues/4094)) ([d417630](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/commit/d417630e89a41603426c2bb545b49057f03ed8e5))
 - **aria-input/toggle-field-name:** set impact always to serious ([#4095](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/issues/4095)) ([e031d68](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/commit/e031d68652229a80ba6ff7d02d29a50a846bfa5b))
 - **aria-prohibited-attr:** add rule aria-prohibited-attr ([#4088](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/issues/4088)) ([7b115d3](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/commit/7b115d3a9e7256ae2c0a1d7d0f9ba791a06c8599))
-- **checks:** enable help-same-as-label, but remove from rules ([#4096](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/issues/4096)) ([034038a](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/commit/034038a625b390ed25b30fccc96e3fc1f384dbc1))
-- **d.ts:** improve axe.d.ts types ([#4081](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/issues/4081)) ([7c5f991](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/commit/7c5f99143a1d97e294d21e14917f4963013fc6f8)), closes [#3966](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/issues/3966)
-- deprecate & disable duplicate-id / duplicate-id-active ([#4071](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/issues/4071)) ([733c45e](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/commit/733c45e6a40a9f8ff6e75f7db864edff0b404ca2))
-- Deprecate impact on checks, use rules instead ([#4114](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/issues/4114)) ([2cc5547](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/commit/2cc5547634ee783701675631ee3978129707e6f0))
-- **duplicate-id-aria:** set to review on fail and tag as wcag412 ([#4075](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/issues/4075)) ([9f1a3e3](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/commit/9f1a3e3cbffbe09eaf90fa254c6421fd4264cf4a))
 - **impact:** aria-roles / aria-valid-attr-value is always "critical" ([#4112](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/issues/4112)) ([5cc8041](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/commit/5cc8041f74a6f015dcbca36ee7414767528277c2))
 - **impact:** scope-attr-valid is always "moderate" ([#4113](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/issues/4113)) ([131f552](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/commit/131f5524e8c8022ace047ac6d69d779460c85fe6))
+
+### Other Features
+
+- deprecate & disable duplicate-id / duplicate-id-active ([#4071](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/issues/4071)) ([733c45e](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/commit/733c45e6a40a9f8ff6e75f7db864edff0b404ca2))
+- **duplicate-id-aria:** set to review on fail and tag as wcag412 ([#4075](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/issues/4075)) ([9f1a3e3](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/commit/9f1a3e3cbffbe09eaf90fa254c6421fd4264cf4a))
+- add EN.301.549 tags to rules ([#4063](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/issues/4063)) ([de3da89](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/commit/de3da897e56179d94ef8a0dc1a667b5663c489d1))
+- **checks:** enable help-same-as-label, but remove from rules ([#4096](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/issues/4096)) ([034038a](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/commit/034038a625b390ed25b30fccc96e3fc1f384dbc1))
 - **new-rule:** aria-braille-equivalent finds incorrect uses of aria-braille attributes ([#4107](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/issues/4107)) ([6260a2f](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/commit/6260a2f25781b465960aec0b1e7781be5496c9bd))
 - **page-no-duplicate-banner/contentinfo:** deprecate options.nativeScopeFilter, take into ancestors with sectioning roles ([#4105](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/issues/4105)) ([c6e07be](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/commit/c6e07bec43ef1935f2afb9429e9f12a937c38f14))
 
+### Type Fixes & Improvements
+
+Various improvements were made to the types. Potentially the most impactful of which is that the `target` and `ancestry` property now return as `UnlabelledFrameSelector` instead of as `string[]`, which is incorrect for selectors involving shadow DOM. This may create some issues during migration for any code that has been incorrectly assuming these two properties have the `string[]` type. For more details and other type changes, see the commit itself:
+
+- **d.ts:** improve axe.d.ts types ([#4081](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/issues/4081)) ([7c5f991](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/commit/7c5f99143a1d97e294d21e14917f4963013fc6f8)), closes [#3966](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/issues/3966)
+
 ### Bug Fixes
 
 - **access-name:** get name from header elements ([#4097](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/issues/4097)) ([fbe99bf](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/commit/fbe99bf87a3ebd7d6bc4b4eca7a58bbff28a5b23))
diff --git a/bower.json b/bower.json
index 298c37a578..5adb1abf40 100644
--- a/bower.json
+++ b/bower.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "axe-core",
-  "version": "4.8.0",
+  "version": "4.8.1",
   "deprecated": true,
   "contributors": [
     {
diff --git a/lib/checks/mobile/target-offset.json b/lib/checks/mobile/target-offset.json
index 45513ac9a8..2aebbdf9f4 100644
--- a/lib/checks/mobile/target-offset.json
+++ b/lib/checks/mobile/target-offset.json
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@
   "metadata": {
     "impact": "serious",
     "messages": {
-      "pass": "Target has sufficient space from its closest neighbors (${data.closestOffset}px should be at least ${data.minOffset}px)",
-      "fail": "Target has insufficient space to its closest neighbors. Safe clickable space has a diameter of {$data.closestOffset}px instead of at least ${data.minOffset}px)",
+      "pass": "Target has sufficient space from its closest neighbors. Safe clickable space has a diameter of ${data.closestOffset}px which is at least ${data.minOffset}px.",
+      "fail": "Target has insufficient space to its closest neighbors. Safe clickable space has a diameter of ${data.closestOffset}px instead of at least ${data.minOffset}px.",
       "incomplete": {
-        "default": "Element with negative tabindex has insufficient space to its closest neighbors. Safe clickable space has a diameter of {$data.closestOffset}px instead of at least ${data.minOffset}px). Is this a target?",
-        "nonTabbableNeighbor": "Target has insufficient space to its closest neighbors. Safe clickable space has a diameter of {$data.closestOffset}px instead of at least ${data.minOffset}px). Is the neighbor a target?"
+        "default": "Element with negative tabindex has insufficient space to its closest neighbors. Safe clickable space has a diameter of ${data.closestOffset}px instead of at least ${data.minOffset}px. Is this a target?",
+        "nonTabbableNeighbor": "Target has insufficient space to its closest neighbors. Safe clickable space has a diameter of ${data.closestOffset}px instead of at least ${data.minOffset}px. Is the neighbor a target?"
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/locales/_template.json b/locales/_template.json
index 925bb3a0dc..33a69a793b 100644
--- a/locales/_template.json
+++ b/locales/_template.json
@@ -862,11 +862,11 @@
       "fail": "${data} on <meta> tag disables zooming on mobile devices"
     },
     "target-offset": {
-      "pass": "Target has sufficient space from its closest neighbors (${data.closestOffset}px should be at least ${data.minOffset}px)",
-      "fail": "Target has insufficient space to its closest neighbors. Safe clickable space has a diameter of {$data.closestOffset}px instead of at least ${data.minOffset}px)",
+      "pass": "Target has sufficient space from its closest neighbors. Safe clickable space has a diameter of ${data.closestOffset}px which is at least ${data.minOffset}px.",
+      "fail": "Target has insufficient space to its closest neighbors. Safe clickable space has a diameter of ${data.closestOffset}px instead of at least ${data.minOffset}px.",
       "incomplete": {
-        "default": "Element with negative tabindex has insufficient space to its closest neighbors. Safe clickable space has a diameter of {$data.closestOffset}px instead of at least ${data.minOffset}px). Is this a target?",
-        "nonTabbableNeighbor": "Target has insufficient space to its closest neighbors. Safe clickable space has a diameter of {$data.closestOffset}px instead of at least ${data.minOffset}px). Is the neighbor a target?"
+        "default": "Element with negative tabindex has insufficient space to its closest neighbors. Safe clickable space has a diameter of ${data.closestOffset}px instead of at least ${data.minOffset}px. Is this a target?",
+        "nonTabbableNeighbor": "Target has insufficient space to its closest neighbors. Safe clickable space has a diameter of ${data.closestOffset}px instead of at least ${data.minOffset}px. Is the neighbor a target?"
       }
     },
     "target-size": {
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index fe85d3e9d2..362b8091ba 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
   "name": "axe-core",
-  "version": "4.8.0",
+  "version": "4.8.1",
   "lockfileVersion": 2,
   "requires": true,
   "packages": {
     "": {
       "name": "axe-core",
-      "version": "4.8.0",
+      "version": "4.8.1",
       "license": "MPL-2.0",
       "devDependencies": {
         "@axe-core/webdriverjs": "^4.5.2",
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index ed49ca6607..b0c37d82ec 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "axe-core",
   "description": "Accessibility engine for automated Web UI testing",
-  "version": "4.8.0",
+  "version": "4.8.1",
   "license": "MPL-2.0",
   "engines": {
     "node": ">=4"
diff --git a/sri-history.json b/sri-history.json
index 81c7ee8286..fa203ea8ea 100644
--- a/sri-history.json
+++ b/sri-history.json
@@ -354,5 +354,9 @@
   "4.8.0": {
     "axe.js": "sha256-Rd1U88z7mahhAvxYhchoCfwWxV8R/H+BcSoX6XTQ0gY=",
     "axe.min.js": "sha256-1oZiCfWnUt2rwqLWzpkoxlcEaOH53/QFYke0jo+KecA="
+  },
+  "4.8.1": {
+    "axe.js": "sha256-xAiDRfIT8BFIcORsehvJYCROe4K+U0Ak5MVJMaCvn9k=",
+    "axe.min.js": "sha256-EkEySwRAuCQljOYWJ29XQp4s80KPPlsmKwFtKFn6Vr0="
   }
 }