Add support: Python 3.12-buster

[samruddhikhandale]

          Released 3.12 for `bookworm` and `bullseye`. Looks like https://hub.docker.com/_/python doesn't have `buster`

Opened docker-library/python#870

Originally posted by @samruddhikhandale in #750 (comment)

[samruddhikhandale]

From docker-library/python#870 (comment)

We generally only create python images for the two most recent releases of the distributions that we build for. So, currently that ends up being Debian Bookworm and Bullseye and Alpine 3.18 and 3.17.

Related: docker-library/python#863

As official python images are not adding support for buster, we would follow the same thing for dev container images.