[anaconda] Update Conda packages due to GHSA-45c4-8wx5-qw6w, GHSA-f865-m6cq-j9vx

[alexander-smolyakov]

Dev container name:

• anaconda

Description:

This PR patches the following vulnerabilities:

• GHSA-45c4-8wx5-qw6w - related to the aiohttp package;
• GHSA-f865-m6cq-j9vx - related to the mpmath package;

These vulnerabilities come from the continuumio/anaconda3 image used upstream for the anaconda devcontainer.

Changelog:

• Updated Dockerfile:

  • Steps in Dockerfile were reorganized to avoid conflicts in Conda's base environment;
  • Added patch to install updated versions of aiohttp and mpmath packages;

• Added tests to verify minimum versions of the following packages:

  • aiohttp - minimum package version set to 3.8.5;
  • mpmath - minimum package version set to 1.3.0;

Checklist:

• Checked that applied changes work as expected