diff --git a/rs/execution_environment/src/scheduler/round_schedule.rs b/rs/execution_environment/src/scheduler/round_schedule.rs
index de16bc921202..15c11d4bc70a 100644
--- a/rs/execution_environment/src/scheduler/round_schedule.rs
+++ b/rs/execution_environment/src/scheduler/round_schedule.rs
@@ -161,7 +161,9 @@ pub struct IterationSchedule {
 }
 
 impl IterationSchedule {
-    /// Partitions the executable canisters to the available cores for execution.
+    /// Splits the scheduled canisters off into per-core vectors, leaving any
+    /// non-scheduled canisters (the "inactive" set) in `canisters`. The
+    /// scheduled canisters are to be reinserted by the caller after execution.
     #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
     pub fn partition_canisters_to_cores(
         &self,
@@ -277,6 +279,41 @@ impl RoundSchedule {
         // Sum of all long execution canisters' compute allocations.
         let mut long_executions_compute_allocation = ZERO;
 
+        if is_first_iteration {
+            // (Only) drop from the schedule idle canisters with 0-100 AP.
+            //
+            // Idle canisters with negative AP are kept in the schedule until they reach 0
+            // AP, to prevent them from jumping from the back of the schedule to the middle
+            // just by being idle for a round. Similarly, idle canisters with positive AP
+            // burn it down as if they had executed full rounds until they (almost) reach 0.
+            let idle_canisters_to_drop = subnet_schedule
+                .iter()
+                .filter_map(|(canister_id, canister_priority)| {
+                    if canister_priority.accumulated_priority < ZERO
+                        || canister_priority.accumulated_priority > ONE_HUNDRED_PERCENT
+                    {
+                        // Not in the 0-100 AP range: keep.
+                        return None;
+                    }
+                    let Some(canister) = canister_states.get(canister_id) else {
+                        // Canister was deleted: drop.
+                        return Some(*canister_id);
+                    };
+                    if !canister.must_be_in_schedule()
+                        && canister.next_execution() == NextExecution::None
+                    {
+                        // Canister is idle: drop.
+                        Some(*canister_id)
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    }
+                })
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            for canister_id in idle_canisters_to_drop {
+                subnet_schedule.remove(&canister_id);
+            }
+        }
+
         // Collect all active canisters and their next executions.
         //
         // Unfortunately, not all active canisters are in the subnet schedule, so we
@@ -307,35 +344,22 @@ impl RoundSchedule {
                         if self.long_execution_canisters.contains(canister_id) {
                             return None;
                         }
-                        CanisterRoundState::new(canister, subnet_schedule.get_mut(*canister_id))
+                        CanisterRoundState::new(canister, subnet_schedule.get(canister_id))
                     }
 
                     NextExecution::ContinueLong => {
                         if is_first_iteration {
                             self.long_execution_canisters.insert(*canister_id);
                         }
-                        let priority = subnet_schedule.get_mut(*canister_id);
-                        let rs = CanisterRoundState::new(canister, priority);
+                        let rs =
+                            CanisterRoundState::new(canister, subnet_schedule.get(canister_id));
                         long_executions_count += 1;
                         long_executions_compute_allocation += rs.compute_allocation;
                         rs
                     }
 
                     NextExecution::None => {
-                        // (Only) drop from the schedule idle canisters with 0-100 AP.
-                        //
-                        // Idle canisters with negative AP are kept in the schedule until they reach 0
-                        // AP, to prevent them from jumping from the back of the schedule to the middle
-                        // just by being idle for a round. Similarly, idle canisters with positive AP
-                        // burn it down as if they had executed full rounds until they (almost) reach 0.
-                        if is_first_iteration && !canister.must_be_in_schedule() {
-                            let canister_priority = subnet_schedule.get(canister_id);
-                            if canister_priority.accumulated_priority >= ZERO
-                                && canister_priority.accumulated_priority <= ONE_HUNDRED_PERCENT
-                            {
-                                subnet_schedule.remove(canister_id);
-                            }
-                        }
+                        // Already dropped idle canisters with 0-100 AP above. Nothing to do here.
                         return None;
                     }