diff --git a/tests/basic/models.py b/tests/basic/models.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """
 Bare-bones model

diff --git a/tests/basic/tests.py b/tests/basic/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import threading
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta

diff --git a/tests/builtin_server/tests.py b/tests/builtin_server/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import sys
 import traceback
 from io import BytesIO
diff --git a/tests/bulk_create/tests.py b/tests/bulk_create/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from operator import attrgetter

 from django.db import connection
diff --git a/tests/cache/tests.py b/tests/cache/tests.py
@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 # Unit tests for cache framework
 # Uses whatever cache backend is set in the test settings file.
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import copy
 import io
 import os
diff --git a/tests/check_framework/models.py b/tests/check_framework/models.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.core.checks import register
 from django.db import models

diff --git a/tests/check_framework/tests.py b/tests/check_framework/tests.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import sys

 from django.apps import apps
diff --git a/tests/conditional_processing/tests.py b/tests/conditional_processing/tests.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from datetime import datetime

 from django.test import SimpleTestCase, override_settings
diff --git a/tests/contenttypes_tests/models.py b/tests/contenttypes_tests/models.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import (
    GenericForeignKey, GenericRelation,
 )
diff --git a/tests/contenttypes_tests/operations_migrations/0001_initial.py b/tests/contenttypes_tests/operations_migrations/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/contenttypes_tests/operations_migrations/0002_rename_foo.py b/tests/contenttypes_tests/operations_migrations/0002_rename_foo.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/contenttypes_tests/test_models.py b/tests/contenttypes_tests/test_models.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType, ContentTypeManager
 from django.contrib.contenttypes.views import shortcut
 from django.contrib.sites.shortcuts import get_current_site
diff --git a/tests/contenttypes_tests/tests.py b/tests/contenttypes_tests/tests.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import datetime

 from django.apps.registry import Apps, apps
diff --git a/tests/contenttypes_tests/urls.py b/tests/contenttypes_tests/urls.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.conf.urls import url
 from django.contrib.contenttypes import views

diff --git a/tests/csrf_tests/tests.py b/tests/csrf_tests/tests.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import logging
 import re
 import warnings
diff --git a/tests/csrf_tests/views.py b/tests/csrf_tests/views.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.http import HttpResponse
 from django.template import RequestContext, Template
 from django.template.context_processors import csrf
diff --git a/tests/custom_columns/models.py b/tests/custom_columns/models.py
@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@

 """

-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import models
 from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible

diff --git a/tests/custom_columns/tests.py b/tests/custom_columns/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.core.exceptions import FieldError
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.utils import six
diff --git a/tests/custom_lookups/tests.py b/tests/custom_lookups/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import contextlib
 import time
 import unittest
diff --git a/tests/custom_managers/models.py b/tests/custom_managers/models.py
@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@
 returns.
 """

-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import (
    GenericForeignKey, GenericRelation,
 )
diff --git a/tests/custom_managers/tests.py b/tests/custom_managers/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import models
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.utils import six
diff --git a/tests/custom_methods/tests.py b/tests/custom_methods/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from datetime import date

 from django.test import TestCase
diff --git a/tests/custom_pk/models.py b/tests/custom_pk/models.py
@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """
 Using a custom primary key

 By default, Django adds an ``"id"`` field to each model. But you can override
 this behavior by explicitly adding ``primary_key=True`` to a field.
 """

-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import models
 from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible

diff --git a/tests/custom_pk/tests.py b/tests/custom_pk/tests.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import IntegrityError, transaction
 from django.test import TestCase, skipIfDBFeature
 from django.utils import six
diff --git a/tests/datatypes/tests.py b/tests/datatypes/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import datetime

 from django.test import TestCase, skipIfDBFeature
diff --git a/tests/dates/models.py b/tests/dates/models.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import models
 from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible
diff --git a/tests/dates/tests.py b/tests/dates/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import datetime
 from unittest import skipUnless

diff --git a/tests/datetimes/models.py b/tests/datetimes/models.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import models
 from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible

diff --git a/tests/datetimes/tests.py b/tests/datetimes/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import datetime

 from django.test import TestCase, override_settings
diff --git a/tests/db_functions/models.py b/tests/db_functions/models.py
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 """
 Tests for built in Function expressions.
 """
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import models
 from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible

diff --git a/tests/db_functions/test_datetime.py b/tests/db_functions/test_datetime.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from datetime import datetime

 import pytz
diff --git a/tests/db_functions/tests.py b/tests/db_functions/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from unittest import skipIf, skipUnless

diff --git a/tests/dbshell/test_postgresql_psycopg2.py b/tests/dbshell/test_postgresql_psycopg2.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import locale
 import os

diff --git a/tests/defer/tests.py b/tests/defer/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db.models.query_utils import InvalidQuery
 from django.test import TestCase

diff --git a/tests/defer_regress/tests.py b/tests/defer_regress/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from operator import attrgetter

 from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
diff --git a/tests/delete/models.py b/tests/delete/models.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import models
 from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible

diff --git a/tests/delete/tests.py b/tests/delete/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from math import ceil

 from django.db import IntegrityError, connection, models
diff --git a/tests/delete_regress/tests.py b/tests/delete_regress/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import datetime

 from django.db import connection, models, transaction
diff --git a/tests/deprecation/tests.py b/tests/deprecation/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import warnings

 from django.test import SimpleTestCase
diff --git a/tests/distinct_on_fields/models.py b/tests/distinct_on_fields/models.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import models
 from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible

diff --git a/tests/distinct_on_fields/tests.py b/tests/distinct_on_fields/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db.models import Max
 from django.test import TestCase, skipUnlessDBFeature
 from django.test.utils import str_prefix
diff --git a/tests/expressions/models.py b/tests/expressions/models.py
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 Tests for F() query expression syntax.
 """

-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import models
 from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible

diff --git a/tests/expressions/test_queryset_values.py b/tests/expressions/test_queryset_values.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db.models.aggregates import Sum
 from django.db.models.expressions import F
 from django.test import TestCase
diff --git a/tests/expressions/tests.py b/tests/expressions/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import datetime
 import unittest
 import uuid
diff --git a/tests/expressions_case/models.py b/tests/expressions_case/models.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import models
 from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible

diff --git a/tests/expressions_case/tests.py b/tests/expressions_case/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import unittest
 from datetime import date, datetime, time, timedelta
 from decimal import Decimal
diff --git a/tests/extra_regress/models.py b/tests/extra_regress/models.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import copy
 import datetime

diff --git a/tests/extra_regress/tests.py b/tests/extra_regress/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import datetime
 from collections import OrderedDict

diff --git a/tests/field_deconstruction/tests.py b/tests/field_deconstruction/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.apps import apps
 from django.db import models
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase, override_settings
diff --git a/tests/field_defaults/models.py b/tests/field_defaults/models.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# coding: utf-8
 """
 Callable defaults

diff --git a/tests/field_subclassing/fields.py b/tests/field_subclassing/fields.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import models


diff --git a/tests/field_subclassing/tests.py b/tests/field_subclassing/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import connection
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase

diff --git a/tests/file_storage/tests.py b/tests/file_storage/tests.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import errno
 import os
 import shutil
diff --git a/tests/file_uploads/tests.py b/tests/file_uploads/tests.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#! -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import base64
 import errno
 import hashlib
diff --git a/tests/file_uploads/views.py b/tests/file_uploads/views.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import contextlib
 import hashlib
 import json
diff --git a/tests/files/tests.py b/tests/files/tests.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import gzip
 import os
 import struct
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/tests.py b/tests/fixtures/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import os
 import sys
 import tempfile
diff --git a/tests/fixtures_model_package/tests.py b/tests/fixtures_model_package/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.core import management
 from django.core.management import CommandError
 from django.test import TestCase
diff --git a/tests/fixtures_regress/models.py b/tests/fixtures_regress/models.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.db import models
 from django.utils import six
diff --git a/tests/fixtures_regress/tests.py b/tests/fixtures_regress/tests.py
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Unittests for fixtures.
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import json
 import os
 import re
diff --git a/tests/flatpages_tests/test_forms.py b/tests/flatpages_tests/test_forms.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.contrib.flatpages.forms import FlatpageForm
 from django.contrib.flatpages.models import FlatPage
diff --git a/tests/flatpages_tests/test_models.py b/tests/flatpages_tests/test_models.py
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.contrib.flatpages.models import FlatPage
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase
 from django.test.utils import override_script_prefix
diff --git a/tests/flatpages_tests/test_sitemaps.py b/tests/flatpages_tests/test_sitemaps.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.apps import apps
 from django.contrib.sites.models import Site
 from django.test import TestCase
diff --git a/tests/force_insert_update/tests.py b/tests/force_insert_update/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import DatabaseError, IntegrityError, transaction
 from django.test import TestCase

diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_booleanfield.py b/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_booleanfield.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import pickle

 from django.forms import BooleanField, ValidationError
diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_charfield.py b/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_charfield.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.forms import (
    CharField, HiddenInput, PasswordInput, Textarea, TextInput,
    ValidationError,
diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_choicefield.py b/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_choicefield.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.forms import ChoiceField, Form, ValidationError
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase, ignore_warnings

diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_combofield.py b/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_combofield.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.forms import CharField, ComboField, EmailField, ValidationError
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase

diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_datefield.py b/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_datefield.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from datetime import date, datetime

 from django.forms import (
diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_datetimefield.py b/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_datetimefield.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import datetime

 from django.forms import DateTimeField, ValidationError
diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_decimalfield.py b/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_decimalfield.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import decimal

 from django.forms import DecimalField, NumberInput, ValidationError, Widget
diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_durationfield.py b/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_durationfield.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import datetime

 from django.forms import DurationField
diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_emailfield.py b/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_emailfield.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.forms import EmailField, ValidationError
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase

diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_filefield.py b/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_filefield.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import pickle

 from django.core.files.uploadedfile import SimpleUploadedFile
diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_filepathfield.py b/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_filepathfield.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import os.path

 from django.forms import FilePathField, ValidationError, forms
diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_floatfield.py b/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_floatfield.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.forms import FloatField, NumberInput, ValidationError
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase
 from django.utils import formats, translation
diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_genericipaddressfield.py b/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_genericipaddressfield.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.forms import GenericIPAddressField, ValidationError
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase

diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_imagefield.py b/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_imagefield.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import os
 import unittest

diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_integerfield.py b/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_integerfield.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.forms import IntegerField, Textarea, ValidationError
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase

diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_multiplechoicefield.py b/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_multiplechoicefield.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.forms import MultipleChoiceField, ValidationError
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase

diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_nullbooleanfield.py b/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_nullbooleanfield.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.forms import Form, HiddenInput, NullBooleanField, RadioSelect
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase

diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_regexfield.py b/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_regexfield.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import re

 from django.forms import RegexField, ValidationError
diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_slugfield.py b/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_slugfield.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.forms import SlugField
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase

diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_splitdatetimefield.py b/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_splitdatetimefield.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import datetime

 from django.forms import SplitDateTimeField, ValidationError
diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_timefield.py b/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_timefield.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import datetime

 from django.forms import TimeField, ValidationError
diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_typedchoicefield.py b/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_typedchoicefield.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import decimal

 from django.forms import TypedChoiceField, ValidationError
diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_typedmultiplechoicefield.py b/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_typedmultiplechoicefield.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import decimal

 from django.forms import TypedMultipleChoiceField, ValidationError
diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_urlfield.py b/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_urlfield.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.forms import URLField, ValidationError
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase

diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_uuidfield.py b/tests/forms_tests/field_tests/test_uuidfield.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import uuid

 from django.forms import UUIDField, ValidationError
diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/models.py b/tests/forms_tests/models.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import datetime
 import itertools
 import tempfile
diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/tests/test_error_messages.py b/tests/forms_tests/tests/test_error_messages.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.core.files.uploadedfile import SimpleUploadedFile
 from django.forms import (
    BooleanField, CharField, ChoiceField, DateField, DateTimeField,
diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/tests/test_forms.py b/tests/forms_tests/tests/test_forms.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import copy
 import datetime
 import json
diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/tests/test_formsets.py b/tests/forms_tests/tests/test_formsets.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import datetime
 from collections import Counter

diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/tests/test_i18n.py b/tests/forms_tests/tests/test_i18n.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.forms import (
    CharField, ChoiceField, Form, IntegerField, RadioSelect, Select, TextInput,
 )
diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/tests/test_media.py b/tests/forms_tests/tests/test_media.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from django.forms import CharField, Form, Media, MultiWidget, TextInput
 from django.template import Context, Template
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase, override_settings
diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/tests/test_utils.py b/tests/forms_tests/tests/test_utils.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import copy

 from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/tests/test_validators.py b/tests/forms_tests/tests/test_validators.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import re
 from unittest import TestCase

diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/tests/test_widgets.py b/tests/forms_tests/tests/test_widgets.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.contrib.admin.tests import AdminSeleniumTestCase
 from django.test import override_settings
 from django.urls import reverse
diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/tests/tests.py b/tests/forms_tests/tests/tests.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import datetime

 from django.core.files.uploadedfile import SimpleUploadedFile
diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/widget_tests/test_select.py b/tests/forms_tests/widget_tests/test_select.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import copy

 from django.forms import Select
diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/widget_tests/test_textinput.py b/tests/forms_tests/widget_tests/test_textinput.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.forms import TextInput
 from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe

diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/widget_tests/test_widget.py b/tests/forms_tests/widget_tests/test_widget.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.forms import Widget
 from django.forms.widgets import Input

diff --git a/tests/generic_inline_admin/tests.py b/tests/generic_inline_admin/tests.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.contrib import admin
 from django.contrib.admin.sites import AdminSite
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
diff --git a/tests/generic_relations/models.py b/tests/generic_relations/models.py
@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@
 from complete).
 """

-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import (
    GenericForeignKey, GenericRelation,
 )
diff --git a/tests/generic_relations/tests.py b/tests/generic_relations/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django import forms
 from django.contrib.contenttypes.forms import generic_inlineformset_factory
 from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
diff --git a/tests/generic_views/forms.py b/tests/generic_views/forms.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django import forms

 from .models import Author
diff --git a/tests/generic_views/test_base.py b/tests/generic_views/test_base.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import time
 import unittest

diff --git a/tests/generic_views/test_dates.py b/tests/generic_views/test_dates.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import datetime

 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
diff --git a/tests/generic_views/test_detail.py b/tests/generic_views/test_detail.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import datetime

 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured, ObjectDoesNotExist
diff --git a/tests/generic_views/test_edit.py b/tests/generic_views/test_edit.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django import forms
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase, TestCase, override_settings
diff --git a/tests/generic_views/test_list.py b/tests/generic_views/test_list.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import datetime

 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
diff --git a/tests/generic_views/urls.py b/tests/generic_views/urls.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.conf.urls import url
 from django.contrib.auth import views as auth_views
 from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
diff --git a/tests/generic_views/views.py b/tests/generic_views/views.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
 from django.core.paginator import Paginator
 from django.urls import reverse, reverse_lazy
diff --git a/tests/get_earliest_or_latest/tests.py b/tests/get_earliest_or_latest/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from datetime import datetime

 from django.test import TestCase
diff --git a/tests/get_object_or_404/tests.py b/tests/get_object_or_404/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.http import Http404
 from django.shortcuts import get_list_or_404, get_object_or_404
 from django.test import TestCase
diff --git a/tests/get_or_create/models.py b/tests/get_or_create/models.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import models
 from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible

diff --git a/tests/get_or_create/tests.py b/tests/get_or_create/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import time
 import traceback
 from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta
diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/distapp/tests.py b/tests/gis_tests/distapp/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions import (
    Area, Distance, Length, Perimeter, Transform,
 )
diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/gdal_tests/test_srs.py b/tests/gis_tests/gdal_tests/test_srs.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import unittest
 from unittest import skipUnless

diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/geo3d/tests.py b/tests/gis_tests/geo3d/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import os
 import re

diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/geoadmin/tests.py b/tests/gis_tests/geoadmin/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.contrib.gis import admin
 from django.contrib.gis.geos import Point
 from django.test import TestCase, override_settings, skipUnlessDBFeature
diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/geoapp/feeds.py b/tests/gis_tests/geoapp/feeds.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.contrib.gis import feeds

 from .models import City
diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/geoapp/test_feeds.py b/tests/gis_tests/geoapp/test_feeds.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from xml.dom import minidom

 from django.conf import settings
diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/geoapp/test_functions.py b/tests/gis_tests/geoapp/test_functions.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import re
 from decimal import Decimal

diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/geoapp/test_regress.py b/tests/gis_tests/geoapp/test_regress.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from datetime import datetime

 from django.contrib.gis.db.models import Extent
diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/geoapp/test_serializers.py b/tests/gis_tests/geoapp/test_serializers.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import json

 from django.contrib.gis.geos import LinearRing, Point, Polygon
diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/geoapp/test_sitemaps.py b/tests/gis_tests/geoapp/test_sitemaps.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import zipfile
 from io import BytesIO
 from xml.dom import minidom
diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/geoapp/tests.py b/tests/gis_tests/geoapp/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import tempfile

 from django.contrib.gis import gdal
diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/geoapp/urls.py b/tests/gis_tests/geoapp/urls.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.conf.urls import url
 from django.contrib.gis import views as gis_views
 from django.contrib.gis.sitemaps import views as gis_sitemap_views
diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/geogapp/tests.py b/tests/gis_tests/geogapp/tests.py
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 """
 Tests for geography support in PostGIS
 """
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import os
 from unittest import skipIf, skipUnless

diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/geos_tests/test_geos.py b/tests/gis_tests/geos_tests/test_geos.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import ctypes
 import json
 import random
diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/geos_tests/test_io.py b/tests/gis_tests/geos_tests/test_io.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import binascii
 from unittest import skipUnless

diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/gis_migrations/test_commands.py b/tests/gis_tests/gis_migrations/test_commands.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.core.management import call_command
 from django.db import connection
 from django.test import TransactionTestCase, skipUnlessDBFeature
diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/gis_migrations/test_operations.py b/tests/gis_tests/gis_migrations/test_operations.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from unittest import skipIf

 from django.contrib.gis.db.models import fields
diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/inspectapp/tests.py b/tests/gis_tests/inspectapp/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import os
 import re

diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/layermap/tests.py b/tests/gis_tests/layermap/tests.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import os
 import unittest
 from copy import copy
diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/relatedapp/tests.py b/tests/gis_tests/relatedapp/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.contrib.gis.db.models import Collect, Count, Extent, F, Union
 from django.contrib.gis.geometry.backend import Geometry
 from django.contrib.gis.geos import GEOSGeometry, MultiPoint, Point
diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/test_geoip2.py b/tests/gis_tests/test_geoip2.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import os
 import unittest
 from unittest import skipUnless
diff --git a/tests/handlers/tests.py b/tests/handlers/tests.py
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import unittest

 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
diff --git a/tests/handlers/urls.py b/tests/handlers/urls.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.conf.urls import url

 from . import views
diff --git a/tests/handlers/views.py b/tests/handlers/views.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.core.exceptions import SuspiciousOperation
 from django.db import connection, transaction
 from django.http import HttpResponse, StreamingHttpResponse
diff --git a/tests/httpwrappers/tests.py b/tests/httpwrappers/tests.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import copy
 import json
 import os
diff --git a/tests/humanize_tests/tests.py b/tests/humanize_tests/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import datetime
 from decimal import Decimal

diff --git a/tests/i18n/contenttypes/tests.py b/tests/i18n/contenttypes/tests.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import os

 from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
diff --git a/tests/i18n/patterns/tests.py b/tests/i18n/patterns/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import os

 from django.conf import settings
diff --git a/tests/i18n/test_compilation.py b/tests/i18n/test_compilation.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import gettext as gettext_module
 import os
 import stat
diff --git a/tests/i18n/test_extraction.py b/tests/i18n/test_extraction.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import io
 import os
 import re
diff --git a/tests/i18n/test_percents.py b/tests/i18n/test_percents.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import os

 from django.template import Context, Template
diff --git a/tests/i18n/tests.py b/tests/i18n/tests.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import datetime
 import decimal
 import gettext as gettext_module
diff --git a/tests/i18n/urls.py b/tests/i18n/urls.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.conf.urls import url
 from django.conf.urls.i18n import i18n_patterns
 from django.http import HttpResponse, StreamingHttpResponse
diff --git a/tests/inline_formsets/models.py b/tests/inline_formsets/models.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from django.db import models
 from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible

diff --git a/tests/inline_formsets/tests.py b/tests/inline_formsets/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.forms.models import ModelForm, inlineformset_factory
 from django.test import TestCase, skipUnlessDBFeature
 from django.utils import six
diff --git a/tests/inspectdb/models.py b/tests/inspectdb/models.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import models


diff --git a/tests/inspectdb/tests.py b/tests/inspectdb/tests.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import re
 from unittest import skipUnless

diff --git a/tests/introspection/models.py b/tests/introspection/models.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import models
 from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible

diff --git a/tests/introspection/tests.py b/tests/introspection/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from unittest import skipUnless

 from django.db import connection
diff --git a/tests/invalid_models_tests/test_backend_specific.py b/tests/invalid_models_tests/test_backend_specific.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.core.checks import Error
 from django.db import connections, models
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase, mock
diff --git a/tests/invalid_models_tests/test_models.py b/tests/invalid_models_tests/test_models.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import unittest

 from django.conf import settings
diff --git a/tests/invalid_models_tests/test_ordinary_fields.py b/tests/invalid_models_tests/test_ordinary_fields.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import unittest

 from django.core.checks import Error, Warning as DjangoWarning
diff --git a/tests/invalid_models_tests/test_relative_fields.py b/tests/invalid_models_tests/test_relative_fields.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.core.checks import Error, Warning as DjangoWarning
 from django.db import models
 from django.db.models.fields.related import ForeignObject
diff --git a/tests/known_related_objects/tests.py b/tests/known_related_objects/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.test import TestCase

 from .models import Organiser, Pool, PoolStyle, Tournament
diff --git a/tests/logging_tests/tests.py b/tests/logging_tests/tests.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import logging
 from contextlib import contextmanager

diff --git a/tests/logging_tests/urls.py b/tests/logging_tests/urls.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.conf.urls import url

 from . import views
diff --git a/tests/logging_tests/urls_i18n.py b/tests/logging_tests/urls_i18n.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.conf.urls import url
 from django.conf.urls.i18n import i18n_patterns
 from django.http import HttpResponse
diff --git a/tests/logging_tests/views.py b/tests/logging_tests/views.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.core.exceptions import DisallowedHost, SuspiciousOperation
 from django.http import HttpResponse

diff --git a/tests/lookup/models.py b/tests/lookup/models.py
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 This demonstrates features of the database API.
 """

-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import models
 from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible
diff --git a/tests/lookup/test_timefield.py b/tests/lookup/test_timefield.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.test import TestCase

 from .models import Alarm
diff --git a/tests/lookup/tests.py b/tests/lookup/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import collections
 from datetime import datetime
 from operator import attrgetter
diff --git a/tests/m2m_and_m2o/models.py b/tests/m2m_and_m2o/models.py
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@

 Make sure to set ``related_name`` if you use relationships to the same table.
 """
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import models
 from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible
diff --git a/tests/m2m_intermediary/models.py b/tests/m2m_intermediary/models.py
@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@
 field, which specifies the ``Reporter``'s position for the given article
 (e.g. "Staff writer").
 """
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import models
 from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible

diff --git a/tests/m2m_intermediary/tests.py b/tests/m2m_intermediary/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from datetime import datetime

 from django.test import TestCase
diff --git a/tests/m2m_multiple/tests.py b/tests/m2m_multiple/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from datetime import datetime

 from django.test import TestCase
diff --git a/tests/m2m_recursive/tests.py b/tests/m2m_recursive/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from operator import attrgetter

 from django.test import TestCase
diff --git a/tests/m2m_regress/tests.py b/tests/m2m_regress/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.core.exceptions import FieldError
 from django.test import TestCase

diff --git a/tests/m2m_through/tests.py b/tests/m2m_through/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from datetime import datetime
 from operator import attrgetter

diff --git a/tests/m2m_through_regress/models.py b/tests/m2m_through_regress/models.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.db import models
 from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible
diff --git a/tests/m2m_through_regress/test_multitable.py b/tests/m2m_through_regress/test_multitable.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.test import TestCase

 from .models import (
diff --git a/tests/m2m_through_regress/tests.py b/tests/m2m_through_regress/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.core import management
 from django.test import TestCase
diff --git a/tests/m2o_recursive/tests.py b/tests/m2o_recursive/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.test import TestCase

 from .models import Category, Person
diff --git a/tests/mail/test_sendtestemail.py b/tests/mail/test_sendtestemail.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.core import mail
 from django.core.management import call_command
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase, override_settings
diff --git a/tests/mail/tests.py b/tests/mail/tests.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import asyncore
 import base64
 import mimetypes
diff --git a/tests/managers_regress/tests.py b/tests/managers_regress/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import models
 from django.template import Context, Template
 from django.test import TestCase, override_settings
diff --git a/tests/many_to_many/models.py b/tests/many_to_many/models.py
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@
 In this example, an ``Article`` can be published in multiple ``Publication``
 objects, and a ``Publication`` has multiple ``Article`` objects.
 """
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import models
 from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible

diff --git a/tests/many_to_many/tests.py b/tests/many_to_many/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import transaction
 from django.test import TestCase

diff --git a/tests/many_to_one/models.py b/tests/many_to_one/models.py
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@

 To define a many-to-one relationship, use ``ForeignKey()``.
 """
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import models
 from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible

diff --git a/tests/many_to_one_null/tests.py b/tests/many_to_one_null/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.test import TestCase

 from .models import Article, Car, Driver, Reporter
diff --git a/tests/max_lengths/tests.py b/tests/max_lengths/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import unittest

 from .models import PersonWithCustomMaxLengths, PersonWithDefaultMaxLengths
diff --git a/tests/middleware/tests.py b/tests/middleware/tests.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import gzip
 import random
 import re
diff --git a/tests/middleware_exceptions/middleware.py b/tests/middleware_exceptions/middleware.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.http import Http404, HttpResponse
 from django.template import engines
 from django.template.response import TemplateResponse
diff --git a/tests/migrate_signals/custom_migrations/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrate_signals/custom_migrations/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migration_test_data_persistence/migrations/0001_initial.py b/tests/migration_test_data_persistence/migrations/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migration_test_data_persistence/migrations/0002_add_book.py b/tests/migration_test_data_persistence/migrations/0002_add_book.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/deprecated_field_migrations/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/deprecated_field_migrations/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/deprecated_field_migrations/0002_remove_ipaddressfield_ip.py b/tests/migrations/deprecated_field_migrations/0002_remove_ipaddressfield_ip.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/alter_fk/author_app/migrations/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/alter_fk/author_app/migrations/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/alter_fk/author_app/migrations/0002_alter_id.py b/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/alter_fk/author_app/migrations/0002_alter_id.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/alter_fk/book_app/migrations/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/alter_fk/book_app/migrations/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/...rations/migrations_test_apps/conflicting_app_with_dependencies/migrations/0001_initial.py b/...rations/migrations_test_apps/conflicting_app_with_dependencies/migrations/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/...rations_test_apps/conflicting_app_with_dependencies/migrations/0002_conflicting_second.py b/...rations_test_apps/conflicting_app_with_dependencies/migrations/0002_conflicting_second.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/...grations/migrations_test_apps/conflicting_app_with_dependencies/migrations/0002_second.py b/...grations/migrations_test_apps/conflicting_app_with_dependencies/migrations/0002_second.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/lookuperror_a/migrations/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/lookuperror_a/migrations/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/lookuperror_a/migrations/0002_a2.py b/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/lookuperror_a/migrations/0002_a2.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/lookuperror_a/migrations/0003_a3.py b/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/lookuperror_a/migrations/0003_a3.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/lookuperror_a/migrations/0004_a4.py b/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/lookuperror_a/migrations/0004_a4.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/lookuperror_b/migrations/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/lookuperror_b/migrations/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/lookuperror_b/migrations/0002_b2.py b/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/lookuperror_b/migrations/0002_b2.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/lookuperror_b/migrations/0003_b3.py b/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/lookuperror_b/migrations/0003_b3.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/lookuperror_c/migrations/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/lookuperror_c/migrations/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/lookuperror_c/migrations/0002_c2.py b/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/lookuperror_c/migrations/0002_c2.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/lookuperror_c/migrations/0003_c3.py b/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/lookuperror_c/migrations/0003_c3.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/migrated_app/migrations/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/migrated_app/migrations/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/migrated_unapplied_app/migrations/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/migrated_unapplied_app/migrations/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/mutate_state_a/migrations/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/mutate_state_a/migrations/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/mutate_state_b/migrations/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/mutate_state_b/migrations/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/mutate_state_b/migrations/0002_add_field.py b/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/mutate_state_b/migrations/0002_add_field.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/unmigrated_app/models.py b/tests/migrations/migrations_test_apps/unmigrated_app/models.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import models


diff --git a/.../migrations/migrations_test_apps/unspecified_app_with_conflict/migrations/0001_initial.py b/.../migrations/migrations_test_apps/unspecified_app_with_conflict/migrations/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/.../migrations_test_apps/unspecified_app_with_conflict/migrations/0002_conflicting_second.py b/.../migrations_test_apps/unspecified_app_with_conflict/migrations/0002_conflicting_second.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/...s/migrations/migrations_test_apps/unspecified_app_with_conflict/migrations/0002_second.py b/...s/migrations/migrations_test_apps/unspecified_app_with_conflict/migrations/0002_second.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/models.py b/tests/migrations/models.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.apps.registry import Apps
 from django.db import models
 from django.utils import six
diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_add_many_to_many_field_initial/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/test_add_many_to_many_field_initial/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_add_many_to_many_field_initial/0002_initial.py b/tests/migrations/test_add_many_to_many_field_initial/0002_initial.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_auto_now_add/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/test_auto_now_add/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_autodetector.py b/tests/migrations/test_autodetector.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 import functools
 import re

diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_commands.py b/tests/migrations/test_commands.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import datetime
 import importlib
 import io
@@ -661,7 +658,6 @@ def test_files_content(self):

            with io.open(initial_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
                content = fp.read()
-                self.assertIn('# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-', content)
                self.assertIn('migrations.CreateModel', content)
                self.assertIn('initial = True', content)

@@ -813,7 +809,6 @@ def test_makemigrations_empty_migration(self):

            with io.open(initial_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
                content = fp.read()
-                self.assertIn('# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-', content)

                # Remove all whitespace to check for empty dependencies and operations
                content = content.replace(' ', '')
@@ -1040,8 +1035,6 @@ def test_makemigration_merge_dry_run_verbosity_3(self):

        # Additional output caused by verbosity 3
        # The complete merge migration file that would be written
-        # '\n#' is to verify no bytestring prefix before #
-        self.assertIn("\n# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-", output)
        self.assertIn("class Migration(migrations.Migration):", output)
        self.assertIn("dependencies = [", output)
        self.assertIn("('migrations', '0002_second')", output)
@@ -1087,7 +1080,6 @@ class Meta:

        # Additional output caused by verbosity 3
        # The complete migrations file that would be written
-        self.assertIn("# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-", out.getvalue())
        self.assertIn("class Migration(migrations.Migration):", out.getvalue())
        self.assertIn("dependencies = [", out.getvalue())
        self.assertIn("('migrations', '0001_initial'),", out.getvalue())
@@ -1211,7 +1203,6 @@ def cmd(migration_count, migration_name, *args):
                self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(migration_file))
                with io.open(migration_file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
                    content = fp.read()
-                    self.assertIn("# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-", content)
                    content = content.replace(" ", "")
                return content

diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_loader.py b/tests/migrations/test_loader.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from unittest import skipIf

 from django.db import connection, connections
diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations/0002_second.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations/0002_second.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_atomic_operation/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_atomic_operation/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_backwards_deps_1/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_backwards_deps_1/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_backwards_deps_1/0002_second.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_backwards_deps_1/0002_second.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_conflict/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_conflict/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_conflict/0002_conflicting_second.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_conflict/0002_conflicting_second.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_conflict/0002_second.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_conflict/0002_second.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_custom_user/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_custom_user/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.db import migrations, models

diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_fake_split_initial/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_fake_split_initial/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_fake_split_initial/0002_second.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_fake_split_initial/0002_second.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_first/second.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_first/second.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_first/thefirst.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_first/thefirst.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_initial_false/0001_not_initial.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_initial_false/0001_not_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_no_ancestor/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_no_ancestor/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_no_ancestor/0002_conflicting_second.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_no_ancestor/0002_conflicting_second.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_no_ancestor/0002_second.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_no_ancestor/0002_second.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_no_changes/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_no_changes/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_no_changes/0002_second.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_no_changes/0002_second.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_no_changes/0003_third.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_no_changes/0003_third.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_no_default/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_no_default/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_non_atomic/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_non_atomic/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_order/0001.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_order/0001.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_run_before/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_run_before/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_run_before/0002_second.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_run_before/0002_second.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_run_before/0003_third.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_run_before/0003_third.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed/0001_squashed_0002.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed/0001_squashed_0002.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed/0002_second.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed/0002_second.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex/1_auto.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex/1_auto.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex/2_auto.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex/2_auto.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex/3_auto.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex/3_auto.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex/3_squashed_5.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex/3_squashed_5.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex/4_auto.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex/4_auto.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex/5_auto.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex/5_auto.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex/6_auto.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex/6_auto.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex/7_auto.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex/7_auto.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex_multi_apps/app1/1_auto.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex_multi_apps/app1/1_auto.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex_multi_apps/app1/2_auto.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex_multi_apps/app1/2_auto.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex_multi_apps/app1/2_squashed_3.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex_multi_apps/app1/2_squashed_3.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex_multi_apps/app1/3_auto.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex_multi_apps/app1/3_auto.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex_multi_apps/app1/4_auto.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex_multi_apps/app1/4_auto.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex_multi_apps/app2/1_auto.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex_multi_apps/app2/1_auto.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex_multi_apps/app2/1_squashed_2.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex_multi_apps/app2/1_squashed_2.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex_multi_apps/app2/2_auto.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_complex_multi_apps/app2/2_auto.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_erroneous/1_auto.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_erroneous/1_auto.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_erroneous/2_auto.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_erroneous/2_auto.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_erroneous/3_squashed_5.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_erroneous/3_squashed_5.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_erroneous/6_auto.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_erroneous/6_auto.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_erroneous/7_auto.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_erroneous/7_auto.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_extra/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_extra/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_extra/0001_squashed_0002.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_extra/0001_squashed_0002.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_extra/0002_second.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_extra/0002_second.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_extra/0003_third.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_extra/0003_third.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_ref_squashed/app1/1_auto.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_ref_squashed/app1/1_auto.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_ref_squashed/app1/2_auto.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_ref_squashed/app1/2_auto.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_ref_squashed/app1/2_squashed_3.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_ref_squashed/app1/2_squashed_3.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_ref_squashed/app1/3_auto.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_ref_squashed/app1/3_auto.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_ref_squashed/app1/4_auto.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_ref_squashed/app1/4_auto.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_ref_squashed/app2/1_auto.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_ref_squashed/app2/1_auto.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_ref_squashed/app2/1_squashed_2.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_ref_squashed/app2/1_squashed_2.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_ref_squashed/app2/2_auto.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_squashed_ref_squashed/app2/2_auto.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_migrations_unmigdep/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations/test_migrations_unmigdep/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_operations.py b/tests/migrations/test_operations.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import unittest

 from django.db import connection, migrations, models, transaction
diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_optimizer.py b/tests/migrations/test_optimizer.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 from django.db import migrations, models
 from django.db.migrations import operations
 from django.db.migrations.optimizer import MigrationOptimizer
diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_questioner.py b/tests/migrations/test_questioner.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db.migrations.questioner import MigrationQuestioner
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase
 from django.test.utils import override_settings
diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_writer.py b/tests/migrations/test_writer.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import datetime
 import decimal
 import functools
@@ -662,7 +659,6 @@ def test_migration_file_header_comments(self):

        self.assertTrue(
            output.startswith(
-                "# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-\n"
                "# Generated by Django %(version)s on 2015-07-31 04:40\n" % {
                    'version': get_version(),
                }
diff --git a/tests/migrations2/test_migrations_2/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations2/test_migrations_2/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations2/test_migrations_2_first/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations2/test_migrations_2_first/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations2/test_migrations_2_first/0002_second.py b/tests/migrations2/test_migrations_2_first/0002_second.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/migrations2/test_migrations_2_no_deps/0001_initial.py b/tests/migrations2/test_migrations_2_no_deps/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.db import migrations, models


diff --git a/tests/model_fields/test_charfield.py b/tests/model_fields/test_charfield.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from unittest import skipIf

 from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
diff --git a/tests/model_fields/test_imagefield.py b/tests/model_fields/test_imagefield.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import os
 import shutil
 from unittest import skipIf
diff --git a/tests/model_fields/test_promises.py b/tests/model_fields/test_promises.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import datetime
 import unittest
 from decimal import Decimal