diff --git a/src/clone.c b/src/clone.c
index 6cf3ab413f9d..4827960b1e0f 100644
--- a/src/clone.c
+++ b/src/clone.c
@@ -92,8 +92,6 @@ FuncDeclaration *hasIdentityOpAssign(AggregateDeclaration *ad, Scope *sc)
         FuncDeclaration *f = NULL;
 
         unsigned errors = global.startGagging();    // Do not report errors, even if the
-        unsigned oldspec = global.speculativeGag;   // template opAssign fbody makes it.
-        global.speculativeGag = global.gag;
         sc = sc->push();
         sc->speculative = true;
 
@@ -106,7 +104,6 @@ FuncDeclaration *hasIdentityOpAssign(AggregateDeclaration *ad, Scope *sc)
         }
 
         sc = sc->pop();
-        global.speculativeGag = oldspec;
         global.endGagging(errors);
 
         if (f)
@@ -309,8 +306,6 @@ FuncDeclaration *buildOpAssign(StructDeclaration *sd, Scope *sc)
     sd->hasIdentityAssign = true;        // temporary mark identity assignable
 
     unsigned errors = global.startGagging();    // Do not report errors, even if the
-    unsigned oldspec = global.speculativeGag;   // template opAssign fbody makes it.
-    global.speculativeGag = global.gag;
     Scope *sc2 = sc->push();
     sc2->stc = 0;
     sc2->linkage = LINKd;
@@ -321,7 +316,6 @@ FuncDeclaration *buildOpAssign(StructDeclaration *sd, Scope *sc)
     fop->semantic3(sc2);
 
     sc2->pop();
-    global.speculativeGag = oldspec;
     if (global.endGagging(errors))    // if errors happened
     {
         // Disable generated opAssign, because some members forbid identity assignment.
@@ -412,8 +406,6 @@ FuncDeclaration *hasIdentityOpEquals(AggregateDeclaration *ad,  Scope *sc)
             FuncDeclaration *f = NULL;
 
             unsigned errors = global.startGagging();    // Do not report errors, even if the
-            unsigned oldspec = global.speculativeGag;   // template opAssign fbody makes it.
-            global.speculativeGag = global.gag;
             sc = sc->push();
             sc->speculative = true;
 
@@ -427,7 +419,6 @@ FuncDeclaration *hasIdentityOpEquals(AggregateDeclaration *ad,  Scope *sc)
             }
 
             sc = sc->pop();
-            global.speculativeGag = oldspec;
             global.endGagging(errors);
 
             if (f)
diff --git a/src/declaration.c b/src/declaration.c
index 078e34fe5088..6012807e2306 100644
--- a/src/declaration.c
+++ b/src/declaration.c
@@ -514,8 +514,8 @@ void AliasDeclaration::semantic(Scope *sc)
 
     // Ungag errors when not instantiated DeclDefs scope alias
     Ungag ungag(global.gag);
-    //printf("%s parent = %s, specgag= %d, instantiated = %d\n", toChars(), parent, global.isSpeculativeGagging(), isInstantiated());
-    if (parent && global.isSpeculativeGagging() && !isInstantiated() && !toParent2()->isFuncDeclaration())
+    //printf("%s parent = %s, gag = %d, instantiated = %d\n", toChars(), parent, global.gag, isInstantiated());
+    if (parent && global.gag && !isInstantiated() && !toParent2()->isFuncDeclaration())
     {
         //printf("%s type = %s\n", toPrettyChars(), type->toChars());
         global.gag = 0;
@@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ Dsymbol *AliasDeclaration::toAlias()
 
     Lerr:
         // Avoid breaking "recursive alias" state during errors gagged
-        if (global.isSpeculativeGagging())
+        if (global.gag)
             return this;
 
         aliassym = new AliasDeclaration(loc, ident, Type::terror);
@@ -1055,7 +1055,7 @@ void VarDeclaration::semantic(Scope *sc)
     //printf("storage_class = x%x\n", storage_class);
 
     // Calculate type size + safety checks
-    if (sc->func && !sc->intypeof)
+    if (sc->func && !sc->intypeof && !isMember())
     {
         if (storage_class & STCgshared)
         {
@@ -2070,7 +2070,7 @@ Expression *VarDeclaration::getConstInitializer(bool needFullType)
 
     // Ungag errors when not speculative
     unsigned oldgag = global.gag;
-    if (global.isSpeculativeGagging())
+    if (global.gag)
     {
         Dsymbol *sym = toParent()->isAggregateDeclaration();
         if (sym && !sym->isSpeculative())
diff --git a/src/expression.c b/src/expression.c
index fe14e3a61415..26f16b92e709 100644
--- a/src/expression.c
+++ b/src/expression.c
@@ -3256,7 +3256,7 @@ Expression *DsymbolExp::semantic(Scope *sc)
 
             // Detect recursive initializers.
             // BUG: The check for speculative gagging is not correct
-            if (v->inuse && !global.isSpeculativeGagging())
+            if (v->inuse && !global.gag)
             {
                 e->error("circular initialization of %s", v->toChars());
                 return new ErrorExp();
@@ -14007,13 +14007,10 @@ Expression *resolveOpDollar(Scope *sc, ArrayExp *ae, Expression **pe0)
             fargs->push(ie->upr);
 
             unsigned xerrors = global.startGagging();
-            unsigned oldspec = global.speculativeGag;
-            global.speculativeGag = global.gag;
             sc = sc->push();
             sc->speculative = true;
             FuncDeclaration *fslice = resolveFuncCall(ae->loc, sc, slice, tiargs, ae->e1->type, fargs, 1);
             sc = sc->pop();
-            global.speculativeGag = oldspec;
             global.endGagging(xerrors);
             if (!fslice)
                 goto Lfallback;
diff --git a/src/mars.c b/src/mars.c
index d7e9ddcaf74e..2ad8c5fbe94b 100644
--- a/src/mars.c
+++ b/src/mars.c
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ Ungag Dsymbol::ungagSpeculative()
 {
     unsigned oldgag = global.gag;
 
-    if (global.isSpeculativeGagging() && !isSpeculative() && !toParent2()->isFuncDeclaration())
+    if (global.gag && !isSpeculative() && !toParent2()->isFuncDeclaration())
         global.gag = 0;
 
     return Ungag(oldgag);
@@ -167,11 +167,6 @@ bool Global::endGagging(unsigned oldGagged)
     return anyErrs;
 }
 
-bool Global::isSpeculativeGagging()
-{
-    return gag && gag == speculativeGag;
-}
-
 void Global::increaseErrorCount()
 {
     if (gag)
diff --git a/src/mars.h b/src/mars.h
index 43e0c6ae99b4..aa6e6c990656 100644
--- a/src/mars.h
+++ b/src/mars.h
@@ -243,13 +243,8 @@ struct Global
     unsigned gag;          // !=0 means gag reporting of errors & warnings
     unsigned gaggedErrors; // number of errors reported while gagged
 
-    /* Gagging can either be speculative (is(typeof()), etc)
-     * or because of forward references
+    /* Start gagging. Return the current number of gagged errors
      */
-    unsigned speculativeGag; // == gag means gagging is for is(typeof);
-    bool isSpeculativeGagging();
-
-    // Start gagging. Return the current number of gagged errors
     unsigned startGagging();
 
     /* End gagging, restoring the old gagged state.
diff --git a/src/mtype.c b/src/mtype.c
index edafa663d6b8..3c6e63ffdceb 100644
--- a/src/mtype.c
+++ b/src/mtype.c
@@ -7089,12 +7089,8 @@ void TypeTypeof::resolve(Loc loc, Scope *sc, Expression **pe, Type **pt, Dsymbol
         sc2->intypeof = 1;
         sc2->speculative = true;
         sc2->flags |= sc->flags & SCOPEstaticif;
-        unsigned oldspecgag = global.speculativeGag;
-        if (global.gag)
-            global.speculativeGag = global.gag;
         exp = exp->semantic(sc2);
         exp = resolvePropertiesOnly(sc2, exp);
-        global.speculativeGag = oldspecgag;
         sc2->pop();
         if (exp->op == TOKtype)
         {
diff --git a/src/struct.c b/src/struct.c
index b9d7742aa348..27cee4d7df3e 100644
--- a/src/struct.c
+++ b/src/struct.c
@@ -860,13 +860,10 @@ void StructDeclaration::semantic(Scope *sc)
         if (scall)
         {
             unsigned xerrors = global.startGagging();
-            unsigned oldspec = global.speculativeGag;
-            global.speculativeGag = global.gag;
             sc = sc->push();
             sc->speculative = true;
             FuncDeclaration *fcall = resolveFuncCall(loc, sc, scall, NULL, NULL, NULL, 1);
             sc = sc->pop();
-            global.speculativeGag = oldspec;
             global.endGagging(xerrors);
 
             if (fcall && fcall->isStatic())
diff --git a/src/template.c b/src/template.c
index b1abe2a9e2ec..fa079dca1473 100644
--- a/src/template.c
+++ b/src/template.c
@@ -6049,7 +6049,11 @@ void TemplateInstance::semantic(Scope *sc, Expressions *fargs)
         printf("Recursive template expansion\n");
 #endif
         error(loc, "recursive template expansion");
-//      inst = this;
+        if (global.gag)
+            semanticRun = PASSinit;
+        else
+            inst = this;
+        errors = true;
         return;
     }
     semanticRun = PASSsemantic;
@@ -6112,7 +6116,7 @@ void TemplateInstance::semantic(Scope *sc, Expressions *fargs)
                     goto L1;
                 // It had succeeded, mark it is a non-speculative instantiation,
                 // and reuse it.
-                inst->speculative = 0;
+                inst->speculative = false;
             }
 
 #if LOG
@@ -6134,9 +6138,9 @@ void TemplateInstance::semantic(Scope *sc, Expressions *fargs)
 #endif
     unsigned errorsave = global.errors;
     inst = this;
-    // Mark as speculative if we are instantiated from inside is(typeof())
-    if (global.gag && sc->speculative)
-        speculative = 1;
+    // Mark as speculative if we are instantiated during errors gagged
+    if (global.gag)
+        speculative = true;
 
     TemplateInstance *tempdecl_instance_idx = tempdecl->addInstance(this);
 
@@ -7162,6 +7166,12 @@ bool TemplateInstance::findBestMatch(Scope *sc, Expressions *fargs)
             (*tiargs)[i] = tdtypes[i];
         }
     }
+    else if (errors && inst)
+    {
+        // instantiation was failed with error reporting
+        assert(global.errors);
+        return false;
+    }
     else
     {
         TemplateDeclaration *tdecl = tempdecl->isTemplateDeclaration();
@@ -7623,11 +7633,21 @@ void TemplateInstance::semantic2(Scope *sc)
 #endif
     if (!errors && members)
     {
+        TemplateDeclaration *tempdecl = this->tempdecl->isTemplateDeclaration();
+        assert(tempdecl);
+
         sc = tempdecl->scope;
         assert(sc);
         sc = sc->push(argsym);
         sc = sc->push(this);
         sc->tinst = this;
+
+        int needGagging = (speculative && !global.gag);
+        unsigned int olderrors = global.errors;
+        int oldGaggedErrors;
+        if (needGagging)
+            oldGaggedErrors = global.startGagging();
+
         for (size_t i = 0; i < members->dim; i++)
         {
             Dsymbol *s = (*members)[i];
@@ -7635,7 +7655,24 @@ void TemplateInstance::semantic2(Scope *sc)
 printf("\tmember '%s', kind = '%s'\n", s->toChars(), s->kind());
 #endif
             s->semantic2(sc);
+            if (speculative && global.errors != olderrors)
+                break;
+        }
+
+        if (global.errors != olderrors)
+        {
+            if (!errors)
+            {
+                if (!tempdecl->literal)
+                    error(loc, "error instantiating");
+                if (tinst)
+                    tinst->printInstantiationTrace();
+            }
+            errors = true;
         }
+        if (needGagging)
+            global.endGagging(oldGaggedErrors);
+
         sc = sc->pop();
         sc->pop();
     }
diff --git a/src/traits.c b/src/traits.c
index 8edb6141f527..0e37f1b18bb9 100644
--- a/src/traits.c
+++ b/src/traits.c
@@ -872,8 +872,6 @@ Expression *semanticTraits(TraitsExp *e, Scope *sc)
         for (size_t i = 0; i < dim; i++)
         {
             unsigned errors = global.startGagging();
-            unsigned oldspec = global.speculativeGag;
-            global.speculativeGag = global.gag;
             Scope *sc2 = sc->push();
             sc2->speculative = true;
             sc2->flags = sc->flags & ~SCOPEctfe | SCOPEcompile;
@@ -911,7 +909,6 @@ Expression *semanticTraits(TraitsExp *e, Scope *sc)
             }
 
             sc2->pop();
-            global.speculativeGag = oldspec;
             if (global.endGagging(errors) || err)
             {
                 goto Lfalse;
diff --git a/test/fail_compilation/diag13333.d b/test/fail_compilation/diag13333.d
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f318a31ae72e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fail_compilation/diag13333.d
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+TEST_OUTPUT*
+---
+fail_compilation/diag13333.d(29): Error: template instance VariantN!(maxSize!(S), T) recursive template expansion
+fail_compilation/diag13333.d(29): Error: template instance diag13333.maxSize!(S) error instantiating
+fail_compilation/diag13333.d(34):        instantiated from here: Algebraic!(S)
+---
+*/
+
+template maxSize(T...)
+{
+    static if (T.length == 1)
+    {
+        enum size_t maxSize = T[0].sizeof;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        enum size_t maxSize = T[0].sizeof >= maxSize!(T[1 .. $])
+            ? T[0].sizeof : maxSize!(T[1 .. $]);
+    }
+}
+
+struct VariantN(size_t maxDataSize, AllowedTypesX...)
+{
+}
+
+template Algebraic(T...)
+{
+    alias Algebraic = VariantN!(maxSize!T, T);
+}
+
+struct DummyScope
+{
+    alias A = Algebraic!S;
+
+    static struct S     // <- class
+    {
+        A entity;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/runnable/template9.d b/test/runnable/template9.d
index a53a64b20671..85fbcf55c476 100644
--- a/test/runnable/template9.d
+++ b/test/runnable/template9.d
@@ -3959,6 +3959,58 @@ struct S13252 { }
 static assert(is(typeof(TypeTuple13252!(const     S13252())[0]) ==     const(S13252)));
 static assert(is(typeof(TypeTuple13252!(immutable S13252())[0]) == immutable(S13252)));     // OK <- NG
 
+/******************************************/
+// 13333
+
+template AliasThisTypeOf13333(T)
+{
+    static assert(0, T.stringof);  // T.stringof is important
+}
+
+template StaticArrayTypeOf13333(T)
+{
+    static if (is(AliasThisTypeOf13333!T AT))
+        alias X = StaticArrayTypeOf13333!AT;
+    else
+        alias X = T;
+
+    static if (is(X : E[n], E, size_t n))
+        alias StaticArrayTypeOf13333 = X;
+    else
+        static assert(0, T.stringof~" is not a static array type");
+}
+
+enum bool isStaticArray13333(T) = is(StaticArrayTypeOf13333!T);
+
+struct VaraiantN13333(T)
+{
+    static if (isStaticArray13333!T)
+        ~this() { static assert(0); }
+}
+
+struct DummyScope13333
+{
+    alias A = VaraiantN13333!C;
+
+    static class C
+    {
+        A entity;
+    }
+}
+
+void test13333()
+{
+    struct DummyScope
+    {
+        alias A = VaraiantN13333!C;
+
+        static class C
+        {
+            A entity;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /******************************************/
 
 int main()