diff --git a/build/opt.go b/build/opt.go
index 4b5246c75181..a4535e679ac1 100644
--- a/build/opt.go
+++ b/build/opt.go
@@ -65,6 +65,11 @@ var sendGitQueryAsInput = sync.OnceValue(func() bool {
 	return false
 })
 
+const (
+	noDefaultAttestationsEnv = "BUILDX_NO_DEFAULT_ATTESTATIONS"
+	noDefaultOCIArtifactEnv  = "BUILDX_NO_DEFAULT_OCI_ARTIFACT"
+)
+
 // policyExplicitlyDisabled reports whether the user passed `--policy
 // disabled=true`, which suppresses both user-defined and builtin default
 // policies.
@@ -355,12 +360,11 @@ func toSolveOpt(ctx context.Context, np *noderesolver.ResolvedNode, multiDriver
 	}
 
 	if _, ok := opt.Attests["provenance"]; !ok && supportAttestations {
-		const noAttestEnv = "BUILDX_NO_DEFAULT_ATTESTATIONS"
 		var noProv bool
-		if v, ok := os.LookupEnv(noAttestEnv); ok {
+		if v, ok := os.LookupEnv(noDefaultAttestationsEnv); ok {
 			noProv, err = strconv.ParseBool(v)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "invalid "+noAttestEnv)
+				return nil, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "invalid "+noDefaultAttestationsEnv)
 			}
 		}
 		if !noProv {
@@ -436,6 +440,14 @@ func toSolveOpt(ctx context.Context, np *noderesolver.ResolvedNode, multiDriver
 	}
 	opt.Exports = exports
 
+	var noDefaultOCIArtifact bool
+	if v, ok := os.LookupEnv(noDefaultOCIArtifactEnv); ok {
+		noDefaultOCIArtifact, err = strconv.ParseBool(v)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "invalid "+noDefaultOCIArtifactEnv)
+		}
+	}
+
 	// set up exporters
 	for i, e := range opt.Exports {
 		if e.Type == "oci" && !nodeDriver.Features(ctx)[driver.OCIExporter] {
@@ -497,6 +509,14 @@ func toSolveOpt(ctx context.Context, np *noderesolver.ResolvedNode, multiDriver
 				opt.Exports[i].Attrs["buildinfo-attrs"] = v
 			}
 		}
+		if noDefaultOCIArtifact && supportAttestations {
+			switch opt.Exports[i].Type {
+			case client.ExporterImage, client.ExporterOCI, "moby":
+				if _, ok := opt.Exports[i].Attrs[string(exptypes.OptKeyOCIArtifact)]; !ok {
+					opt.Exports[i].Attrs[string(exptypes.OptKeyOCIArtifact)] = "false"
+				}
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	so.Exports = opt.Exports
diff --git a/tests/bake.go b/tests/bake.go
index ae26e64bf4b2..6e206e433acb 100644
--- a/tests/bake.go
+++ b/tests/bake.go
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ var bakeTests = []func(t *testing.T, sb integration.Sandbox){
 	testBakeMetadataWarningsDedup,
 	testBakeMultiExporters,
 	testBakeLoadPush,
+	testBakeNoDefaultOCIArtifact,
 	testBakeListTargets,
 	testBakeListVariables,
 	testBakeListTypedVariables,
@@ -2232,6 +2233,41 @@ target "default" {
 	// TODO: test metadata file when supported by multi exporters https://github.com/docker/buildx/issues/2181
 }
 
+func testBakeNoDefaultOCIArtifact(t *testing.T, sb integration.Sandbox) {
+	if isMobyWorker(sb) {
+		t.Skip("attestations are not supported by the docker worker")
+	}
+
+	registry, err := sb.NewRegistry()
+	if errors.Is(err, integration.ErrRequirements) {
+		t.Skip(err.Error())
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	target := registry + "/buildx/bake-no-default-oci-artifact:latest"
+
+	dockerfile := []byte(`
+FROM scratch
+COPY foo /foo
+`)
+	bakefile := fmt.Appendf(nil, `
+target "default" {
+  output = ["type=image,name=%s,push=true"]
+  attest = ["type=provenance"]
+}
+`, target)
+	dir := tmpdir(
+		t,
+		fstest.CreateFile("docker-bake.hcl", bakefile, 0600),
+		fstest.CreateFile("Dockerfile", dockerfile, 0600),
+		fstest.CreateFile("foo", []byte("foo"), 0600),
+	)
+
+	out, err := bakeCmd(sb, withDir(dir), withEnv("BUILDX_NO_DEFAULT_OCI_ARTIFACT=true"))
+	require.NoError(t, err, string(out))
+
+	requireLegacyAttestationStorage(t, sb, target)
+}
+
 func testBakeLoadPush(t *testing.T, sb integration.Sandbox) {
 	if !isDockerContainerWorker(sb) {
 		t.Skip("only testing with docker-container worker")
diff --git a/tests/build.go b/tests/build.go
index 1ed34642e193..63fec7d1fd5b 100644
--- a/tests/build.go
+++ b/tests/build.go
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ var buildTests = []func(t *testing.T, sb integration.Sandbox){
 	testBuildLocalExportDeleteMode,
 	testBuildRegistryExport,
 	testBuildRegistryExportAttestations,
+	testBuildRegistryExportNoDefaultOCIArtifact,
 	testBuildTarExport,
 	testBuildMobyFromLocalImage,
 	testBuildDetailsLink,
@@ -633,6 +634,60 @@ func testBuildRegistryExportAttestations(t *testing.T, sb integration.Sandbox) {
 	require.Len(t, att.Layers, 1)
 }
 
+func testBuildRegistryExportNoDefaultOCIArtifact(t *testing.T, sb integration.Sandbox) {
+	if isMobyWorker(sb) {
+		t.Skip("attestations are not supported by the docker worker")
+	}
+
+	dir := createTestProject(t)
+
+	registry, err := sb.NewRegistry()
+	if errors.Is(err, integration.ErrRequirements) {
+		t.Skip(err.Error())
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	target := registry + "/buildx/registry-no-default-oci-artifact:latest"
+
+	out, err := buildCmd(sb,
+		withEnv("BUILDX_NO_DEFAULT_OCI_ARTIFACT=true"),
+		withArgs(fmt.Sprintf("--output=type=image,name=%s,push=true", target), "--provenance=true", dir),
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err, string(out))
+
+	requireLegacyAttestationStorage(t, sb, target)
+}
+
+func requireLegacyAttestationStorage(t *testing.T, sb integration.Sandbox, ref string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	cmd := buildxCmd(sb, withArgs("imagetools", "inspect", ref, "--raw"))
+	dt, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	require.NoError(t, err, string(dt))
+
+	var idx ocispecs.Index
+	err = json.Unmarshal(dt, &idx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var attestation ocispecs.Descriptor
+	for _, desc := range idx.Manifests {
+		if desc.Annotations["vnd.docker.reference.type"] == "attestation-manifest" {
+			attestation = desc
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	require.NotEmpty(t, attestation.Digest)
+
+	cmd = buildxCmd(sb, withArgs("imagetools", "inspect", ref+"@"+attestation.Digest.String(), "--raw"))
+	dt, err = cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	require.NoError(t, err, string(dt))
+
+	var mfst ocispecs.Manifest
+	err = json.Unmarshal(dt, &mfst)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, mfst.Subject)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, mfst.Layers)
+}
+
 func testImageIDOutput(t *testing.T, sb integration.Sandbox) {
 	dockerfile := []byte(`FROM busybox:latest`)