diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 08a346519266..3f7de5f9d85c 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -43,4 +43,15 @@ dist/
 global.json
 BenchmarkDotNet.Artifacts/
 .rpt2_cache/
-*.orig
\ No newline at end of file
+*.orig
+*.vspscc
+*.vssscc
+*.opensdf
+Debug/
+Release/
+ipch/
+*.vcxproj.user
+*.exe
+*.aps
+*.opendb
+*.db
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES b/THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b83dc2adb369
--- /dev/null
+++ b/THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES
@@ -0,0 +1,432 @@
+.NET Core uses third-party libraries or other resources that may be
+distributed under licenses different than the .NET Core software.
+
+In the event that we accidentally failed to list a required notice, please
+bring it to our attention. Post an issue or email us:
+
+           dotnet@microsoft.com
+
+The attached notices are provided for information only.
+
+
+License notice for googletest
+------------------------------------
+
+"Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+distribution.
+    * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE."
+
+
+License notice for es6-promise
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+"Copyright (c) 2014 Yehuda Katz, Tom Dale, Stefan Penner and contributors
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE."
+
+
+License notice for buffer
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+"The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) Feross Aboukhadijeh, and other contributors.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE."
+
+
+License notice for base64-js
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+"The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE."
+
+
+License notice for ieee754
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+"Copyright (c) 2008, Fair Oaks Labs, Inc.
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+ * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+ * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+ * Neither the name of Fair Oaks Labs, Inc. nor the names of its contributors
+   may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+   without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE."
+
+
+License notice for msgpack5
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014 Matteo Collina
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE."
+
+
+License notice for bl
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"The MIT License (MIT)
+=====================
+
+Copyright (c) 2013-2016 bl contributors
+----------------------------------
+
+*bl contributors listed at <https://github.com/rvagg/bl#contributors>*
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE."
+
+
+License notice for inherits
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"The ISC License
+
+Copyright (c) Isaac Z. Schlueter
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
+REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
+FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
+INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
+LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR
+OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
+PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE."
+
+
+License notice for readable-stream
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"Node.js is licensed for use as follows:
+
+"""
+Copyright Node.js contributors. All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+IN THE SOFTWARE.
+"""
+
+This license applies to parts of Node.js originating from the
+https://github.com/joyent/node repository:
+
+"""
+Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors. All rights reserved.
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+IN THE SOFTWARE.
+""""
+
+
+License notice for core-util-is
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"Copyright Node.js contributors. All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+IN THE SOFTWARE."
+
+
+License notice for isarray
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"(MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2013 Julian Gruber <julian@juliangruber.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE."
+
+
+License notice for process-nextick-args
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"# Copyright (c) 2015 Calvin Metcalf
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+**THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.**"
+
+
+License notice for string_decoder
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"Node.js is licensed for use as follows:
+
+"""
+Copyright Node.js contributors. All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+IN THE SOFTWARE.
+"""
+
+This license applies to parts of Node.js originating from the
+https://github.com/joyent/node repository:
+
+"""
+Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors. All rights reserved.
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+IN THE SOFTWARE.
+""""
+
+
+License notice for util-deprecate
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014 Nathan Rajlich <nathan@tootallnate.net>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
+conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
+OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
+HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE."
+
+
+License notice for safe-buffer
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) Feross Aboukhadijeh
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE."
diff --git a/clients/cpp/.nuget/NuGet.Config b/clients/cpp/.nuget/NuGet.Config
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..67f8ea046ef0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/.nuget/NuGet.Config
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<configuration>
+  <solution>
+    <add key="disableSourceControlIntegration" value="true" />
+  </solution>
+</configuration>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/.nuget/NuGet.exe b/clients/cpp/.nuget/NuGet.exe
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6d83a0b44e05
Binary files /dev/null and b/clients/cpp/.nuget/NuGet.exe differ
diff --git a/clients/cpp/.nuget/NuGet.targets b/clients/cpp/.nuget/NuGet.targets
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e867fa7548ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/.nuget/NuGet.targets
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+    <PropertyGroup>
+        <SolutionDir Condition="$(SolutionDir) == '' Or $(SolutionDir) == '*Undefined*'">$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\..\</SolutionDir>
+
+        <!-- Enable the restore command to run before builds -->
+        <RestorePackages Condition="  '$(RestorePackages)' == '' ">false</RestorePackages>
+
+        <!-- Property that enables building a package from a project -->
+        <BuildPackage Condition=" '$(BuildPackage)' == '' ">false</BuildPackage>
+
+        <!-- Determines if package restore consent is required to restore packages -->
+        <RequireRestoreConsent Condition=" '$(RequireRestoreConsent)' != 'false' ">true</RequireRestoreConsent>
+
+        <!-- Download NuGet.exe if it does not already exist -->
+        <DownloadNuGetExe Condition=" '$(DownloadNuGetExe)' == '' ">false</DownloadNuGetExe>
+    </PropertyGroup>
+
+    <ItemGroup Condition=" '$(PackageSources)' == '' ">
+        <!-- Package sources used to restore packages. By default, registered sources under %APPDATA%\NuGet\NuGet.Config will be used -->
+        <!-- The official NuGet package source (https://www.nuget.org/api/v2/) will be excluded if package sources are specified and it does not appear in the list -->
+        <!--
+            <PackageSource Include="https://www.nuget.org/api/v2/" />
+            <PackageSource Include="https://my-nuget-source/nuget/" />
+        -->
+    </ItemGroup>
+
+    <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(OS)' == 'Windows_NT'">
+        <!-- Windows specific commands -->
+        <NuGetToolsPath>$([System.IO.Path]::Combine($(SolutionDir), ".nuget"))</NuGetToolsPath>
+    </PropertyGroup>
+
+    <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(OS)' != 'Windows_NT'">
+        <!-- We need to launch nuget.exe with the mono command if we're not on windows -->
+        <NuGetToolsPath>$(SolutionDir).nuget</NuGetToolsPath>
+    </PropertyGroup>
+
+    <PropertyGroup>
+        <PackagesProjectConfig Condition=" '$(OS)' == 'Windows_NT'">$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\packages.$(MSBuildProjectName.Replace(' ', '_')).config</PackagesProjectConfig>
+        <PackagesProjectConfig Condition=" '$(OS)' != 'Windows_NT'">$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\packages.$(MSBuildProjectName).config</PackagesProjectConfig>
+    </PropertyGroup>
+
+    <PropertyGroup>
+      <PackagesConfig Condition="Exists('$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\packages.config')">$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\packages.config</PackagesConfig>
+      <PackagesConfig Condition="Exists('$(PackagesProjectConfig)')">$(PackagesProjectConfig)</PackagesConfig>
+    </PropertyGroup>
+
+    <PropertyGroup>
+        <!-- NuGet command -->
+        <NuGetExePath Condition=" '$(NuGetExePath)' == '' ">$(NuGetToolsPath)\NuGet.exe</NuGetExePath>
+        <PackageSources Condition=" $(PackageSources) == '' ">@(PackageSource)</PackageSources>
+
+        <NuGetCommand Condition=" '$(OS)' == 'Windows_NT'">"$(NuGetExePath)"</NuGetCommand>
+        <NuGetCommand Condition=" '$(OS)' != 'Windows_NT' ">mono --runtime=v4.0.30319 "$(NuGetExePath)"</NuGetCommand>
+
+        <PackageOutputDir Condition="$(PackageOutputDir) == ''">$(TargetDir.Trim('\\'))</PackageOutputDir>
+
+        <RequireConsentSwitch Condition=" $(RequireRestoreConsent) == 'true' ">-RequireConsent</RequireConsentSwitch>
+        <NonInteractiveSwitch Condition=" '$(VisualStudioVersion)' != '' AND '$(OS)' == 'Windows_NT' ">-NonInteractive</NonInteractiveSwitch>
+
+        <PaddedSolutionDir Condition=" '$(OS)' == 'Windows_NT'">"$(SolutionDir) "</PaddedSolutionDir>
+        <PaddedSolutionDir Condition=" '$(OS)' != 'Windows_NT' ">"$(SolutionDir)"</PaddedSolutionDir>
+
+        <!-- Commands -->
+        <RestoreCommand>$(NuGetCommand) install "$(PackagesConfig)" -source "$(PackageSources)"  $(NonInteractiveSwitch) $(RequireConsentSwitch) -solutionDir $(PaddedSolutionDir)</RestoreCommand>
+        <BuildCommand>$(NuGetCommand) pack "$(ProjectPath)" -Properties "Configuration=$(Configuration);Platform=$(Platform)" $(NonInteractiveSwitch) -OutputDirectory "$(PackageOutputDir)" -symbols</BuildCommand>
+
+        <!-- We need to ensure packages are restored prior to assembly resolve -->
+        <BuildDependsOn Condition="$(RestorePackages) == 'true'">
+            RestorePackages;
+            $(BuildDependsOn);
+        </BuildDependsOn>
+
+        <!-- Make the build depend on restore packages -->
+        <BuildDependsOn Condition="$(BuildPackage) == 'true'">
+            $(BuildDependsOn);
+            BuildPackage;
+        </BuildDependsOn>
+    </PropertyGroup>
+
+    <Target Name="CheckPrerequisites">
+        <!-- Raise an error if we're unable to locate nuget.exe  -->
+        <Error Condition="'$(DownloadNuGetExe)' != 'true' AND !Exists('$(NuGetExePath)')" Text="Unable to locate '$(NuGetExePath)'" />
+        <!--
+        Take advantage of MsBuild's build dependency tracking to make sure that we only ever download nuget.exe once.
+        This effectively acts as a lock that makes sure that the download operation will only happen once and all
+        parallel builds will have to wait for it to complete.
+        -->
+        <MsBuild Targets="_DownloadNuGet" Projects="$(MSBuildThisFileFullPath)" Properties="Configuration=NOT_IMPORTANT;DownloadNuGetExe=$(DownloadNuGetExe)" />
+    </Target>
+
+    <Target Name="_DownloadNuGet">
+        <DownloadNuGet OutputFilename="$(NuGetExePath)" Condition=" '$(DownloadNuGetExe)' == 'true' AND !Exists('$(NuGetExePath)')" />
+    </Target>
+
+    <Target Name="RestorePackages" DependsOnTargets="CheckPrerequisites">
+        <Exec Command="$(RestoreCommand)"
+              Condition="'$(OS)' != 'Windows_NT' And Exists('$(PackagesConfig)')" />
+
+        <Exec Command="$(RestoreCommand)"
+              LogStandardErrorAsError="true"
+              Condition="'$(OS)' == 'Windows_NT' And Exists('$(PackagesConfig)')" />
+    </Target>
+
+    <Target Name="BuildPackage" DependsOnTargets="CheckPrerequisites">
+        <Exec Command="$(BuildCommand)"
+              Condition=" '$(OS)' != 'Windows_NT' " />
+
+        <Exec Command="$(BuildCommand)"
+              LogStandardErrorAsError="true"
+              Condition=" '$(OS)' == 'Windows_NT' " />
+    </Target>
+
+    <UsingTask TaskName="DownloadNuGet" TaskFactory="CodeTaskFactory" AssemblyFile="$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.Build.Tasks.v4.0.dll">
+        <ParameterGroup>
+            <OutputFilename ParameterType="System.String" Required="true" />
+        </ParameterGroup>
+        <Task>
+            <Reference Include="System.Core" />
+            <Using Namespace="System" />
+            <Using Namespace="System.IO" />
+            <Using Namespace="System.Net" />
+            <Using Namespace="Microsoft.Build.Framework" />
+            <Using Namespace="Microsoft.Build.Utilities" />
+            <Code Type="Fragment" Language="cs">
+                <![CDATA[
+                try {
+                    OutputFilename = Path.GetFullPath(OutputFilename);
+
+                    Log.LogMessage("Downloading latest version of NuGet.exe...");
+                    WebClient webClient = new WebClient();
+                    webClient.DownloadFile("https://dist.nuget.org/win-x86-commandline/latest/nuget.exe", OutputFilename);
+
+                    return true;
+                }
+                catch (Exception ex) {
+                    Log.LogErrorFromException(ex);
+                    return false;
+                }
+            ]]>
+            </Code>
+        </Task>
+    </UsingTask>
+</Project>
diff --git a/clients/cpp/Build/Common.Build.Settings b/clients/cpp/Build/Common.Build.Settings
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1e8d9932b014
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/Build/Common.Build.Settings
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="12.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <Import Project="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)Version.props" />
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <SolutionDir Condition="$(SolutionDir) == '' Or '$(SolutionDir)' == '*Undefined*'">$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)..\</SolutionDir>
+    <Configuration Condition="'$(Configuration)'==''">Debug</Configuration>
+    <Platform Condition="'$(Platform)'==''">Win32</Platform>
+    <PlatformToolset Condition=" '$(PlatformToolset)' == '' And '$(VisualStudioVersion)' == '12.0'">v120</PlatformToolset>
+    <PlatformToolset Condition=" '$(PlatformToolset)' == '' And '$(VisualStudioVersion)' == '14.0'">v140</PlatformToolset>
+    <PlatformToolset Condition=" '$(PlatformToolset)' == ''">v140</PlatformToolset>
+    <SubSystem Condition="'$(SubSystem)' != 'UWP'">Desktop</SubSystem>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(OutDir)' == ''">$(SolutionDir)bin\$(SubSystem)\$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <SignalrClientTargetName>signalrclient</SignalrClientTargetName>
+    <DefaultLanguage>en-US</DefaultLanguage>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+</Project>
diff --git a/clients/cpp/Build/Common.tasks b/clients/cpp/Build/Common.tasks
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8c3db65aa9e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/Build/Common.tasks
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="12.0" DefaultTargets="Test" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+
+  <UsingTask TaskName="ExecAsync" TaskFactory="CodeTaskFactory" AssemblyFile="$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.Build.Tasks.v12.0.dll">
+    <ParameterGroup>
+      <Executable ParameterType="System.String" Required="true" />
+      <Arguments ParameterType="System.String" Required="false" />
+    </ParameterGroup>
+    <Task>
+      <Using Namespace="System.IO" />
+      <Using Namespace="System.Diagnostics" />
+      <Code Type="Fragment" Language="cs">
+      <![CDATA[
+        Log.LogMessage("Executable {0}...", Executable);
+        var name = System.IO.Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(Executable);
+        Log.LogMessage("Starting {0}...", name);
+        var processStartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo(Executable, Arguments) { UseShellExecute = true  };
+        Process.Start(processStartInfo);
+        Log.LogMessage("Finished starting process {0}.", name);
+      ]]>
+      </Code>
+    </Task>
+  </UsingTask>
+  
+  <UsingTask TaskName="Sleep" TaskFactory="CodeTaskFactory" AssemblyFile="$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.Build.Tasks.v12.0.dll">
+    <ParameterGroup>
+      <TimeoutMs ParameterType="System.Int32" Required="true" />
+    </ParameterGroup>
+    <Task>
+      <Code Type="Fragment" Language="cs">
+      <![CDATA[System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(TimeoutMs);]]>
+      </Code>
+    </Task>
+  </UsingTask>
+  
+  <UsingTask TaskName="ZipDir" TaskFactory="CodeTaskFactory" AssemblyFile="$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.Build.Tasks.v12.0.dll">
+    <ParameterGroup>
+     <InputDir ParameterType="System.String" Required="true" />
+      <OutputFileName ParameterType="System.String" Required="true" />
+      <IncludeBaseDir ParameterType="System.Boolean" Required="false" />
+    </ParameterGroup>
+    <Task>
+      <Reference Include="System.IO.Compression.FileSystem" />
+      <Using Namespace="System.IO.Compression" />
+      <Code Type="Fragment" Language="cs">
+      <![CDATA[ ZipFile.CreateFromDirectory(InputDir, OutputFileName, CompressionLevel.Optimal, IncludeBaseDir); ]]>
+      </Code>
+    </Task>
+  </UsingTask>
+  
+  <UsingTask TaskName="RegexReplaceInFile" TaskFactory="CodeTaskFactory" AssemblyFile="$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.Build.Tasks.v12.0.dll">
+   <ParameterGroup>
+     <InputFilename ParameterType="System.String" Required="true" />
+     <OutputFilename ParameterType="System.String" Required="true" />
+     <Pattern ParameterType="System.String" Required="true" />
+     <Replacement ParameterType="System.String" Required="true" />
+   </ParameterGroup>
+   <Task>
+     <Using Namespace="System.IO" />
+     <Using Namespace="System.Linq" />
+     <Using Namespace="System.Text.RegularExpressions" />
+     <Code Type="Fragment" Language="cs">
+       <![CDATA[
+       string contents;
+       using (var input = new StreamReader(InputFilename))
+       {
+           contents = input.ReadToEnd();
+       }
+
+       contents = new Regex(Pattern, RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline)
+                    .Replace(contents, Replacement);
+
+       using (var output = new StreamWriter(OutputFilename))
+       {
+           output.Write(contents);
+       }
+       ]]>
+     </Code>
+   </Task>
+ </UsingTask>
+
+</Project>
diff --git a/clients/cpp/Build/Config.Definitions.Props b/clients/cpp/Build/Config.Definitions.Props
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..07e90f692c5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/Build/Config.Definitions.Props
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="12.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
diff --git a/clients/cpp/Build/SignalRClient.Build.Settings b/clients/cpp/Build/SignalRClient.Build.Settings
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..56950923ddcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/Build/SignalRClient.Build.Settings
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="12.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <Import Project="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)\Common.Build.Settings" />
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <DownloadNuGetExe Condition=" '$(DownloadNuGetExe)' == '' ">true</DownloadNuGetExe>
+    <RestorePackages>true</RestorePackages>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)' == 'Debug'">
+    <UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>false</WholeProgramOptimization>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)' == 'Release'">
+    <UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(SubSystem)' == 'UWP'">
+    <MinimumVisualStudioVersion>14.0</MinimumVisualStudioVersion>
+    <AppContainerApplication>true</AppContainerApplication>
+    <ApplicationType>Windows Store</ApplicationType>
+    <WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>10.0.10586.0</WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>
+    <WindowsTargetPlatformMinVersion>10.0.10240.0</WindowsTargetPlatformMinVersion>
+    <ApplicationTypeRevision>10.0</ApplicationTypeRevision>
+    <GenerateProjectSpecificOutputFolder>False</GenerateProjectSpecificOutputFolder>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <PrecompiledHeader>Use</PrecompiledHeader>
+      <WarningLevel>Level4</WarningLevel>
+      <TreatWarningAsError Condition="'$(TreatWarningsAsErrors)' != ''">true</TreatWarningAsError>
+      <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
+      <StringPooling>true</StringPooling>
+      <CompileAsWinRT Condition="'$(SubSystem)' == 'UWP'">true</CompileAsWinRT>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <SubSystem Condition="'$(SubSystem)' != 'UWP'">Windows</SubSystem>
+      <SubSystem Condition="'$(SubSystem)' == 'UWP'">Console</SubSystem>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <ProgramDatabaseFile>$(OutDir)$(TargetName).pdb</ProgramDatabaseFile>
+      <StripPrivateSymbols>$(OutDir)$(TargetName).pub.pdb</StripPrivateSymbols>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
+      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
+      <Profile>true</Profile>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Debug'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Release'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>MaxSpeed</Optimization>
+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>_WIN64;_DEBUG;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>_WIN64;NDEBUG;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+</Project>
diff --git a/clients/cpp/Build/Version.props b/clients/cpp/Build/Version.props
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..07905402d895
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/Build/Version.props
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="12.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <!-- When changing version remember to update version in $src\signalrclient\constants.h -->
+    <SignalRClientCppVersionMajor>1</SignalRClientCppVersionMajor>
+    <SignalRClientCppVersionMinor>0</SignalRClientCppVersionMinor>
+    <SignalRClientCppVersionPatch>0</SignalRClientCppVersionPatch>
+    <SignalRClientCppVersionSuffix>-alpha0</SignalRClientCppVersionSuffix>
+    <!-- $(build_number) generated by Team City -->
+    <SignalRClientCppVersionSuffix Condition="'$(build_number)' != '' And '$(build_branch)' != 'release'">$(SignalRClientCppVersionSuffix)-$(build_number)</SignalRClientCppVersionSuffix>
+    <SignalRClientCppVersionString>$(SignalRClientCppVersionMajor).$(SignalRClientCppVersionMinor).$(SignalRClientCppVersionPatch)$(SignalRClientCppVersionSuffix)</SignalRClientCppVersionString>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+</Project>
diff --git a/clients/cpp/Build/build.msbuild b/clients/cpp/Build/build.msbuild
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0038c876f0e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/Build/build.msbuild
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="12.0" DefaultTargets="Test" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <Import Project="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)\Common.tasks" />
+  <Import Project="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)\Common.Build.Settings" />
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Projects Include="$(SolutionDir)src\signalrclientdll\Build\VS\signalrclientdll.vcxproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <TestProjects Include="$(SolutionDir)src\signalrclient\Build\VS\signalrclient.vcxproj" />
+    <TestProjects Include="$(SolutionDir)test\signalrclienttests\Build\VS\signalrclienttests.vcxproj" />
+    <TestProjects Include="$(SolutionDir)test\signalrclient-e2e-tests\Build\VS\signalrclient-e2e-tests.vcxproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ManagedProjects Include="$(SolutionDir)test\signalrclient-testhost\signalrclient-testhost.csproj" />
+    <!--
+    <ManagedProjects Include="$(SolutionDir)\samples\SignalRServer\SignalRServer.csproj" />
+    -->
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+  <!--
+    <SampleProjects Include="$(SolutionDir)\samples\PersistentConnectionSample\PersistentConnectionSample.vcxproj" />
+    <SampleProjects Include="$(SolutionDir)\samples\HubConnectionSample\HubConnectionSample.vcxproj" />
+  -->
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <Import Project="$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\nuget.targets" />
+
+  <Target Name="Build">
+    <MSBuild Targets="RestorePackages" Projects="@(Projects)" />
+    <MSBuild Targets="RestorePackages" Projects="@(SampleProjects)" />
+    <MSBuild Targets="RestorePackages" Projects="@(ManagedProjects)" />
+
+    <MSBuild Targets="$(BuildTargets)"
+      Projects="@(Projects)"
+      Properties="Configuration=$(Configuration);Platform=$(Platform);PlatformToolset=$(PlatformToolset);SubSystem=$(SubSystem)" />
+
+    <MSBuild Targets="$(BuildTargets)"
+      Projects="@(TestProjects)"
+      Properties="Configuration=$(Configuration);Platform=$(Platform);PlatformToolset=$(PlatformToolset)" Condition="'$(SubSystem)' == 'Desktop'"/>
+
+    <MSBuild Targets="$(BuildTargets)"
+      Projects="@(SampleProjects)"
+      Properties="Configuration=$(Configuration);Platform=$(Platform);PlatformToolset=$(PlatformToolset)" Condition="'$(SubSystem)' == 'Desktop'"/>
+
+    <MSBuild Targets="$(BuildTargets)"
+      Projects="@(ManagedProjects)"
+      Properties="Configuration=$(Configuration)" Condition="'$(SubSystem)' == 'Desktop'"/>
+  </Target>
+
+  <Target Name="Clean">
+    <MSBuild Targets="Clean"
+      Projects="@(Projects)" />
+    <MSBuild Targets="Clean"
+      Projects="@(TestProjects)" />
+    <MSBuild Targets="Clean"
+      Projects="@(SampleProjects)" />
+    <MSBuild Targets="Clean"
+      Projects="@(ManagedProjects)" />
+  </Target>
+
+  <Target Name="Rebuild">
+    <MSBuild Targets="Clean;Build"
+      Projects="$(MSBuildProjectFile)"
+      Properties="BuildTargets=Rebuild;Configuration=$(Configuration);Platform=$(Platform);PlatformToolset=$(PlatformToolset);SubSystem=$(SubSystem)"/>
+  </Target>
+
+  <Target Name="Test" DependsOnTargets="Build" Condition="'$(SubSystem)' == 'Desktop'">
+    <Exec Command="$(OutDir)\signalrclienttests.exe --gtest_output=xml:$(OutDir)test_results.xml" />
+    <ExecAsync Executable="$(SolutionDir)test\signalrclient-testhost\bin\$(Configuration)\signalrclient-testhost.exe" Arguments="60000" />
+    <!-- give the host some time to open the port otherwise the first tests may fail on slow machines-->
+    <Sleep TimeoutMs="3000" />
+    <Exec Command="$(OutDir)\signalrclient-e2e-tests.exe --gtest_output=xml:$(OutDir)e2e_test_results.xml" />
+    <Exec Command="taskkill /IM signalrclient-testhost.exe /F" ContinueOnError="true" />
+  </Target>
+
+  <Import Project="Config.Definitions.Props" />
+
+  <Target Name="CreatePackage">
+    <PropertyGroup>
+      <PlatformToolset Condition="'$(PlatformToolset)' == ''">v140</PlatformToolset>
+      <SubSystem Condition="'$(SubSystem)' != 'UWP'">Desktop</SubSystem>
+      <PackageSource>$(SolutionDir)bin\Package\$(SubSystem)\$(PlatformToolset)\</PackageSource>
+      <PackageSourceNative>$(PackageSource)build\native\</PackageSourceNative>
+      <NuGetArtifactsPath>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)..\NuGet\</NuGetArtifactsPath>
+      <NuSpecTemplatePath>$(NuGetArtifactsPath)signalrclientcpp.nuspec.template</NuSpecTemplatePath>
+      <PackageOutputDir>$(SolutionDir)artifacts\build</PackageOutputDir>
+      <PrivateSymbols>$(SolutionDir)bin\Symbols\$(SubSystem)\$(PlatformToolset)\</PrivateSymbols>
+    </PropertyGroup>
+
+    <Error Text="UWP not supported with v120 toolset" Condition="'$(SubSystem)' == 'UWP' And '$(PlatformToolset)' != 'v140'" />
+
+    <ItemGroup>
+        <Include Include="$(SolutionDir)include\**\*.*" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+    <Copy SourceFiles="@(Include)" DestinationFolder="$(PackageSourceNative)include\%(RecursiveDir)" />
+    <MakeDir Directories="$(PackageSource)" />
+
+    <RegexReplaceInFile InputFileName="$(NuSpecTemplatePath)" OutputFileName="$(PackageSource)signalrclientcpp.nuspec" Pattern="#Toolset#" Replacement="$(PlatformToolset)" />
+    <RegexReplaceInFile InputFileName="$(PackageSource)signalrclientcpp.nuspec" OutputFileName="$(PackageSource)signalrclientcpp.nuspec" Pattern="#casablanca-subsystem#" Replacement="windesktop" Condition="'$(SubSystem)' == 'Desktop'" />
+    <RegexReplaceInFile InputFileName="$(PackageSource)signalrclientcpp.nuspec" OutputFileName="$(PackageSource)signalrclientcpp.nuspec" Pattern="#SubSystem#" Replacement="WinDesktop" Condition="'$(SubSystem)' == 'Desktop'" />
+    <RegexReplaceInFile InputFileName="$(PackageSource)signalrclientcpp.nuspec" OutputFileName="$(PackageSource)signalrclientcpp.nuspec" Pattern="#casablanca-subsystem#" Replacement="winapp" Condition="'$(SubSystem)' == 'UWP'" />
+    <RegexReplaceInFile InputFileName="$(PackageSource)signalrclientcpp.nuspec" OutputFileName="$(PackageSource)signalrclientcpp.nuspec" Pattern="#SubSystem#" Replacement="UWP" Condition="'$(SubSystem)' == 'UWP'" />
+
+    <RegexReplaceInFile InputFileName="$(NuGetArtifactsPath)\Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Client.Cpp.WinDesktop.targets.template"
+      OutputFileName="$(PackageSourceNative)Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Client.Cpp.$(PlatformToolset).WinDesktop.targets" Pattern="#Toolset#" Replacement="$(PlatformToolset)" Condition="'$(SubSystem)' == 'Desktop'" />
+    <RegexReplaceInFile InputFileName="$(NuGetArtifactsPath)\Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Client.Cpp.UWP.targets.template"
+      OutputFileName="$(PackageSourceNative)Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Client.Cpp.$(PlatformToolset).UWP.targets" Pattern="#Toolset#" Replacement="$(PlatformToolset)" Condition="'$(SubSystem)' == 'UWP'" />
+
+    <MSBuild Targets="RestorePackages" Projects="@(Projects)" />
+
+    <MSBuild Targets="BuildForNuget"
+      Projects="$(MSBuildThisFile)" Properties="PackageSourceNative=$(PackageSourceNative);PrivateSymbols=$(PrivateSymbols);Configuration=%(ProjectConfiguration.Configuration);Platform=%(ProjectConfiguration.Platform);PlatformToolset=$(PlatformToolset);SubSystem=$(SubSystem);SignalrClientTargetName=$(SignalrClientTargetName)" />
+
+    <MakeDir Directories="$(PackageOutputDir)" />
+    <Exec Command="$(NuGetCommand) pack $(PackageSource)signalrclientcpp.nuspec -BasePath $(PackageSource) -OutputDirectory $(PackageOutputDir) -Version $(SignalRClientCppVersionString)" LogStandardErrorAsError="true" />
+
+    <ZipDir InputDir="$(PrivateSymbols)" OutputFileName="$(PackageOutputDir)\Symbols_$(PlatformToolset)_$(SubSystem).zip" IncludeBaseDir="false"/>
+  </Target>
+
+  <Target Name="BuildForNuget">
+    <MSBuild Targets="$(BuildTargets)"
+      Projects="@(Projects)"
+      Properties="Configuration=$(Configuration);Platform=$(Platform);PlatformToolset=$(PlatformToolset);SubSystem=$(SubSystem)" />
+
+    <Copy SourceFiles="$(OutDir)dll\$(SignalrClientTargetName).lib" DestinationFolder="$(PackageSourceNative)lib\$(Platform)\$(PlatformToolset)\$(Configuration)" />
+
+    <Copy SourceFiles="$(OutDir)dll\$(SignalrClientTargetName).dll" DestinationFolder="$(PackageSourceNative)dll\$(Platform)\$(PlatformToolset)\$(Configuration)" />
+    <Copy SourceFiles="$(OutDir)dll\$(SignalrClientTargetName).pub.pdb" DestinationFiles="$(PackageSourceNative)dll\$(Platform)\$(PlatformToolset)\$(Configuration)\$(SignalrClientTargetName).pdb" />
+    <Copy SourceFiles="$(OutDir)dll\$(SignalrClientTargetName).pdb" DestinationFiles="$(PrivateSymbols)$(Platform)\$(PlatformToolset)\$(Configuration)\$(SignalrClientTargetName).pdb" />
+  </Target>
+
+  <Target Name="NuGetPush">
+    <PropertyGroup>
+      <NuGetExePath Condition="'$(NuGetExePath)' == ''">$(PUSH_NUGET_EXE)</NuGetExePath>
+      <NuGetExePath Condition="'$(NuGetExePath)' == ''">$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)..\.nuget\NuGet.exe</NuGetExePath>
+    </PropertyGroup>
+    <ItemGroup>
+      <Package Include="$(SolutionDir)artifacts\build\*.nupkg" />
+      <Package Include="$(SolutionDir)artifacts\build\*.symbols.nupkg" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+    <Exec Command="$(NuGetExePath) push -nosymbols %(Package.Identity) -Source $(NUGET_PUBLISH_FEED) -ApiKey $(APIKEY)" />
+  </Target>
+</Project>
diff --git a/clients/cpp/CMakeLists.txt b/clients/cpp/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0d78e1cf8ae9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 2.8.11)
+project (signalrclient)
+
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++11 -fPIC -L -lcpprest")
+
+set(CPPREST_INCLUDE_DIR "" CACHE FILEPATH "Path to casablanca include dir")
+
+include_directories (
+include
+"${CPPREST_INCLUDE_DIR}")
+
+find_library(CPPREST_SO NAMES "cpprest" PATHS ${CPPREST_LIB_DIR} REQUIRED)
+
+set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/bin)
+set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/bin)
+set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/bin)
+
+add_subdirectory(src/signalrclient)
+add_subdirectory(test)
diff --git a/clients/cpp/CONTRIBUTING.md b/clients/cpp/CONTRIBUTING.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..64ff041d5caf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Contributing
+======
+
+Information on contributing to this repo is in the [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/aspnet/Home/blob/dev/CONTRIBUTING.md) in the Home repo.
diff --git a/clients/cpp/NuGet.config b/clients/cpp/NuGet.config
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0cbd4452e047
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/NuGet.config
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<configuration>
+  <packageSources>
+    <clear />
+    <add key="nuget" value="https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json" />
+  </packageSources>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/clients/cpp/NuGet/Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Client.Cpp.UWP.targets.template b/clients/cpp/NuGet/Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Client.Cpp.UWP.targets.template
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7086ee605936
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/NuGet/Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Client.Cpp.UWP.targets.template
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003" InitialTargets="signalrclient_uwp_inittarget">
+
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(PlatformToolset)' != 'v140' Or '$(ApplicationType)' != 'Windows Store'">
+    <DisableUwp>True</DisableUwp>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(DisableUwp)' == ''">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)include;%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ResourceCompile>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)include;%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+    </ResourceCompile>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Label="x64 and #Toolset# and Release" Condition="'$(DisableUwp)' == '' And '$(Platform)' == 'x64' And '$(PlatformToolset)' == '#Toolset#' And $(Configuration.ToLower().IndexOf('debug')) == -1">
+    <Link>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)lib\x64\#Toolset#\Release\signalrclient.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Label="x64 and #Toolset# and Debug" Condition="'$(DisableUwp)' == '' And '$(Platform)' == 'x64' And '$(PlatformToolset)' == '#Toolset#' And $(Configuration.ToLower().IndexOf('debug')) &gt; -1">
+    <Link>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)lib\x64\#Toolset#\Debug\signalrclient.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Label="Win32 and #Toolset# and Release" Condition="'$(DisableUwp)' == '' And '$(Platform)' == 'Win32' And '$(PlatformToolset)' == '#Toolset#' And $(Configuration.ToLower().IndexOf('debug')) == -1">
+    <Link>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)lib\Win32\#Toolset#\Release\signalrclient.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Label="Win32 and #Toolset# and Debug" Condition="'$(DisableUwp)' == '' And '$(Platform)' == 'Win32' And '$(PlatformToolset)' == '#Toolset#' And $(Configuration.ToLower().IndexOf('debug')) &gt; -1">
+    <Link>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)lib\Win32\#Toolset#\Debug\signalrclient.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+
+  <Target Name="signalrclient_uwp_AfterBuild" AfterTargets="AfterBuild" Condition="'$(DisableUwp)' == ''">
+    <PropertyGroup>
+      <UseHardlinksIfPossible Condition="'$(UseHardlinksIfPossible)' == ''">true</UseHardlinksIfPossible>
+    </PropertyGroup>
+
+    <Copy DestinationFolder="$(TargetDir)" SourceFiles="@(CopyToOutput)" SkipUnchangedFiles="true" UseHardlinksIfPossible="$(UseHardlinksIfPossible)">
+      <Output TaskParameter="DestinationFiles" PropertyName="DestinationFiles" />
+      <Output TaskParameter="DestinationFiles" ItemName="DestinationFiles" />
+      <Output TaskParameter="CopiedFiles" PropertyName="CopiedFiles" />
+      <Output TaskParameter="CopiedFiles" ItemName="CopiedFiles" />
+    </Copy>
+  </Target>
+
+  <Target Name="signalrclient_uwp_inittarget" Condition="'$(DisableUwp)' == ''">
+    <ItemGroup Label="x64 and #Toolset# and Debug" Condition="'$(Platform)' == 'x64' And '$(PlatformToolset)' == '#Toolset#' And $(Configuration.ToLower().IndexOf('debug')) &gt; -1">
+      <ReferenceCopyLocalPaths Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)dll\x64\#Toolset#\Debug\signalrclient.dll" />
+      <ReferenceCopyLocalPaths Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)dll\x64\#Toolset#\Debug\signalrclient.pdb" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+    <ItemGroup Label="x64 and #Toolset# and Release" Condition="'$(Platform)' == 'x64' And '$(PlatformToolset)' == '#Toolset#' And $(Configuration.ToLower().IndexOf('debug')) == -1">
+      <ReferenceCopyLocalPaths Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)dll\x64\#Toolset#\Release\signalrclient.dll" />
+      <ReferenceCopyLocalPaths Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)dll\x64\#Toolset#\Release\signalrclient.pdb" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+    <ItemGroup Label="Win32 and #Toolset# and Debug" Condition="'$(Platform)' == 'Win32' And '$(PlatformToolset)' == '#Toolset#' And $(Configuration.ToLower().IndexOf('debug')) &gt; -1">
+      <ReferenceCopyLocalPaths Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)dll\Win32\#Toolset#\Debug\signalrclient.dll" />
+      <ReferenceCopyLocalPaths Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)dll\Win32\#Toolset#\Debug\signalrclient.pdb" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+    <ItemGroup Label="Win32 and #Toolset# and Release" Condition="'$(Platform)' == 'Win32' And '$(PlatformToolset)' == '#Toolset#' And $(Configuration.ToLower().IndexOf('debug')) == -1">
+      <ReferenceCopyLocalPaths Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)dll\Win32\#Toolset#\Release\signalrclient.dll" />
+      <ReferenceCopyLocalPaths Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)dll\Win32\#Toolset#\Release\signalrclient.pdb" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+  </Target>
+</Project>
diff --git a/clients/cpp/NuGet/Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Client.Cpp.WinDesktop.targets.template b/clients/cpp/NuGet/Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Client.Cpp.WinDesktop.targets.template
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..659651b0c4c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/NuGet/Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Client.Cpp.WinDesktop.targets.template
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003" InitialTargets="signalrclient_inittarget">
+
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(ApplicationType)' != ''">
+    <DisableDesktop>True</DisableDesktop>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(DisableDesktop)' == ''">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)include;%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ResourceCompile>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)include;%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+    </ResourceCompile>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Label="x64 and #Toolset# and Release" Condition="'$(DisableDesktop)' == '' And '$(Platform)' == 'x64' And '$(PlatformToolset)' == '#Toolset#' And $(Configuration.ToLower().IndexOf('debug')) == -1">
+    <Link>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)lib\x64\#Toolset#\Release\signalrclient.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Label="x64 and #Toolset# and Debug" Condition="'$(DisableDesktop)' == '' And '$(Platform)' == 'x64' And '$(PlatformToolset)' == '#Toolset#' And $(Configuration.ToLower().IndexOf('debug')) &gt; -1">
+    <Link>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)lib\x64\#Toolset#\Debug\signalrclient.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Label="Win32 and #Toolset# and Release" Condition="'$(DisableDesktop)' == '' And '$(Platform)' == 'Win32' And '$(PlatformToolset)' == '#Toolset#' And $(Configuration.ToLower().IndexOf('debug')) == -1">
+    <Link>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)lib\Win32\#Toolset#\Release\signalrclient.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Label="Win32 and #Toolset# and Debug" Condition="'$(DisableDesktop)' == '' And '$(Platform)' == 'Win32' And '$(PlatformToolset)' == '#Toolset#' And $(Configuration.ToLower().IndexOf('debug')) &gt; -1">
+    <Link>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)lib\Win32\#Toolset#\Debug\signalrclient.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+
+  <Target Name="signalrclient_AfterBuild" AfterTargets="AfterBuild" Condition="'$(DisableDesktop)' == ''">
+    <PropertyGroup>
+      <UseHardlinksIfPossible Condition="'$(UseHardlinksIfPossible)' == ''">true</UseHardlinksIfPossible>
+    </PropertyGroup>
+
+    <Copy DestinationFolder="$(TargetDir)" SourceFiles="@(CopyToOutput)" SkipUnchangedFiles="true" UseHardlinksIfPossible="$(UseHardlinksIfPossible)">
+      <Output TaskParameter="DestinationFiles" PropertyName="DestinationFiles" />
+      <Output TaskParameter="DestinationFiles" ItemName="DestinationFiles" />
+      <Output TaskParameter="CopiedFiles" PropertyName="CopiedFiles" />
+      <Output TaskParameter="CopiedFiles" ItemName="CopiedFiles" />
+    </Copy>
+  </Target>
+
+  <Target Name="signalrclient_inittarget" Condition="'$(DisableDesktop)' == ''">
+    <ItemGroup Label="x64 and #Toolset# and Debug" Condition="'$(Platform)' == 'x64' And '$(PlatformToolset)' == '#Toolset#' And $(Configuration.ToLower().IndexOf('debug')) &gt; -1">
+      <CopyToOutput Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)dll\x64\#Toolset#\Debug\signalrclient.dll" />
+      <CopyToOutput Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)dll\x64\#Toolset#\Debug\signalrclient.pdb" />
+      <None Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)dll\x64\#Toolset#\Debug\signalrclient.dll">
+        <DeploymentContent>true</DeploymentContent>
+      </None>
+    </ItemGroup>
+    <ItemGroup Label="x64 and #Toolset# and Release" Condition="'$(Platform)' == 'x64' And '$(PlatformToolset)' == '#Toolset#' And $(Configuration.ToLower().IndexOf('debug')) == -1">
+      <CopyToOutput Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)dll\x64\#Toolset#\Release\signalrclient.dll" />
+      <CopyToOutput Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)dll\x64\#Toolset#\Release\signalrclient.pdb" />
+      <None Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)dll\x64\#Toolset#\Release\signalrclient.dll">
+        <DeploymentContent>true</DeploymentContent>
+      </None>
+    </ItemGroup>
+    <ItemGroup Label="Win32 and #Toolset# and Debug" Condition="'$(Platform)' == 'Win32' And '$(PlatformToolset)' == '#Toolset#' And $(Configuration.ToLower().IndexOf('debug')) &gt; -1">
+      <CopyToOutput Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)dll\Win32\#Toolset#\Debug\signalrclient.dll" />
+      <CopyToOutput Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)dll\Win32\#Toolset#\Debug\signalrclient.pdb" />
+      <None Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)dll\Win32\#Toolset#\Debug\signalrclient.dll">
+        <DeploymentContent>true</DeploymentContent>
+      </None>
+    </ItemGroup>
+    <ItemGroup Label="Win32 and #Toolset# and Release" Condition="'$(Platform)' == 'Win32' And '$(PlatformToolset)' == '#Toolset#' And $(Configuration.ToLower().IndexOf('debug')) == -1">
+      <CopyToOutput Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)dll\Win32\#Toolset#\Release\signalrclient.dll" />
+      <CopyToOutput Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)dll\Win32\#Toolset#\Release\signalrclient.pdb" />
+      <None Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)dll\Win32\#Toolset#\Release\signalrclient.dll">
+        <DeploymentContent>true</DeploymentContent>
+      </None>
+    </ItemGroup>
+  </Target>
+</Project>
diff --git a/clients/cpp/NuGet/signalrclientcpp.nuspec.template b/clients/cpp/NuGet/signalrclientcpp.nuspec.template
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..544a4f4f04f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/NuGet/signalrclientcpp.nuspec.template
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<package>
+  <metadata>
+    <id>Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Client.Cpp.#Toolset#.#SubSystem#</id>
+    <title>Microsoft ASP.NET SignalR C++ Client</title>
+    <version>0.0.0</version>
+    <authors>Microsoft</authors>
+    <owners>Microsoft</owners>
+    <licenseUrl>http://www.microsoft.com/web/webpi/eula/net_library_eula_ENU.htm</licenseUrl>
+    <copyright>© Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.</copyright>
+    <projectUrl>http://www.asp.net/signalr</projectUrl>
+    <requireLicenseAcceptance>true</requireLicenseAcceptance>
+    <description>C++ client for ASP.NET SignalR.</description>
+    <language>en-US</language>
+    <tags>Microsoft AspNet SignalR AspNetSignalR Client C++ native</tags>
+    <releaseNotes>https://github.com/aspnet/SignalR-Client-Cpp/releases</releaseNotes>
+    <dependencies>
+      <dependency id="cpprestsdk.#Toolset#.#casablanca-subsystem#.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" />
+    </dependencies>
+  </metadata>
+</package>
diff --git a/clients/cpp/README.md b/clients/cpp/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a9f17e562612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+ASP.NET Core SignalR C++ Client
+========
+
+This folder contains a C++ client for ASP.NET Core SignalR.
+
+**There are no plans to ship this client at this time.**
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/build.cmd b/clients/cpp/build.cmd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..852b65ceb080
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/build.cmd
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+msbuild "%~dp0\Build\build.msbuild" /v:minimal /maxcpucount /nodeReuse:false %*
diff --git a/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/_exports.h b/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/_exports.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c9e9fadbfa25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/_exports.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef NO_SIGNALRCLIENT_EXPORTS
+#define SIGNALRCLIENT_API
+#else
+#ifdef SIGNALRCLIENT_EXPORTS
+#define SIGNALRCLIENT_API __declspec(dllexport)
+#else
+#define SIGNALRCLIENT_API __declspec(dllimport)
+#endif // SIGNALRCLIENT_EXPORTS
+#endif // NO_SIGNALRCLIENT_EXPORTS
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/connection.h b/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/connection.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2c25b734a936
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/connection.h
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "_exports.h"
+#include <memory>
+#include <functional>
+#include "pplx/pplxtasks.h"
+#include "connection_state.h"
+#include "trace_level.h"
+#include "log_writer.h"
+#include "signalr_client_config.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    class connection_impl;
+
+    class connection
+    {
+    public:
+        typedef std::function<void __cdecl(const utility::string_t&)> message_received_handler;
+
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API explicit connection(const utility::string_t& url, const utility::string_t& query_string = _XPLATSTR(""),
+            trace_level trace_level = trace_level::all, std::shared_ptr<log_writer> log_writer = nullptr);
+
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API ~connection();
+
+        connection(const connection&) = delete;
+
+        connection& operator=(const connection&) = delete;
+
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API pplx::task<void> __cdecl start();
+
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API pplx::task<void> __cdecl send(const utility::string_t& data);
+
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API void __cdecl set_message_received(const message_received_handler& message_received_callback);
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API void __cdecl set_reconnecting(const std::function<void __cdecl()>& reconnecting_callback);
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API void __cdecl set_reconnected(const std::function<void __cdecl()>& reconnected_callback);
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API void __cdecl set_disconnected(const std::function<void __cdecl()>& disconnected_callback);
+
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API void __cdecl set_client_config(const signalr_client_config& config);
+
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API pplx::task<void> __cdecl stop();
+
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API connection_state __cdecl get_connection_state() const;
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API utility::string_t __cdecl get_connection_id() const;
+
+    private:
+        // The recommended smart pointer to use when doing pImpl is the `std::unique_ptr`. However
+        // we are capturing the m_pImpl instance in the lambdas used by tasks which can outlive
+        // the connection instance. Using `std::shared_ptr` guarantees that we won't be using
+        // a deleted object if the task is run after the `connection` instance goes away.
+        std::shared_ptr<connection_impl> m_pImpl;
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/connection_state.h b/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/connection_state.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bdaaa3289eda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/connection_state.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    enum class connection_state
+    {
+        connecting,
+        connected,
+        reconnecting,
+        disconnecting,
+        disconnected
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/hub_connection.h b/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/hub_connection.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6f4f82b5b041
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/hub_connection.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "_exports.h"
+#include <memory>
+#include <functional>
+#include "pplx/pplxtasks.h"
+#include "cpprest/json.h"
+#include "connection_state.h"
+#include "trace_level.h"
+#include "log_writer.h"
+#include "signalr_client_config.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    class hub_connection_impl;
+
+    class hub_connection
+    {
+    public:
+        typedef std::function<void __cdecl (const web::json::value&)> method_invoked_handler;
+
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API explicit hub_connection(const utility::string_t& url, const utility::string_t& query_string = _XPLATSTR(""),
+            trace_level trace_level = trace_level::all, std::shared_ptr<log_writer> log_writer = nullptr, bool use_default_url = true);
+
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API ~hub_connection();
+
+        hub_connection(const hub_connection&) = delete;
+
+        hub_connection& operator=(const hub_connection&) = delete;
+
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API pplx::task<void> __cdecl start();
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API pplx::task<void> __cdecl stop();
+
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API connection_state __cdecl get_connection_state() const;
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API utility::string_t __cdecl get_connection_id() const;
+
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API void __cdecl set_reconnecting(const std::function<void __cdecl()>& reconnecting_callback);
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API void __cdecl set_reconnected(const std::function<void __cdecl()>& reconnected_callback);
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API void __cdecl set_disconnected(const std::function<void __cdecl()>& disconnected_callback);
+
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API void __cdecl set_client_config(const signalr_client_config& config);
+
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API void __cdecl on(const utility::string_t& event_name, const method_invoked_handler& handler);
+
+        pplx::task<web::json::value> invoke(const utility::string_t& method_name, const web::json::value& arguments = web::json::value::array())
+        {
+            return invoke_json(method_name, arguments);
+        }
+
+        pplx::task<void> send(const utility::string_t& method_name, const web::json::value& arguments = web::json::value::array())
+        {
+            return invoke_void(method_name, arguments);
+        }
+
+    private:
+        std::shared_ptr<hub_connection_impl> m_pImpl;
+
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API pplx::task<web::json::value> __cdecl invoke_json(const utility::string_t& method_name, const web::json::value& arguments);
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API pplx::task<void> __cdecl invoke_void(const utility::string_t& method_name, const web::json::value& arguments);
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/hub_exception.h b/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/hub_exception.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a7b9dfdaf0e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/hub_exception.h
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include "cpprest/details/basic_types.h"
+#include "cpprest/json.h"
+#include "cpprest/asyncrt_utils.h"
+#include "signalr_exception.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    class hub_exception : public signalr_exception
+    {
+    public:
+        hub_exception(const utility::string_t &what, const web::json::value& error_data)
+            : signalr_exception(what), m_error_data(error_data)
+        {}
+
+        web::json::value error_data() const
+        {
+            return m_error_data;
+        }
+
+    private:
+        web::json::value m_error_data;
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/log_writer.h b/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/log_writer.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..19049ec0b1a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/log_writer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "cpprest/details/basic_types.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    class log_writer
+    {
+    public:
+        // NOTE: the caller does not enforce thread safety of this call
+        virtual void __cdecl write(const utility::string_t &entry) = 0;
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/signalr_client_config.h b/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/signalr_client_config.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a1b3d295c8bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/signalr_client_config.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "cpprest/http_client.h"
+#include "cpprest/ws_client.h"
+#include "_exports.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    class signalr_client_config
+    {
+    public:
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API void __cdecl set_proxy(const web::web_proxy &proxy);
+        // Please note that setting credentials does not work in all cases.
+        // For example, Basic Authentication fails under Win32.
+        // As a workaround, you can set the required authorization headers directly
+        // using signalr_client_config::set_http_headers
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API void __cdecl set_credentials(const web::credentials &credentials);
+
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API web::http::client::http_client_config __cdecl get_http_client_config() const;
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API void __cdecl set_http_client_config(const web::http::client::http_client_config& http_client_config);
+
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API web::websockets::client::websocket_client_config __cdecl get_websocket_client_config() const;
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API void __cdecl set_websocket_client_config(const web::websockets::client::websocket_client_config& websocket_client_config);
+
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API web::http::http_headers __cdecl get_http_headers() const;
+        SIGNALRCLIENT_API void __cdecl set_http_headers(const web::http::http_headers& http_headers);
+
+    private:
+        web::http::client::http_client_config m_http_client_config;
+        web::websockets::client::websocket_client_config m_websocket_client_config;
+        web::http::http_headers m_http_headers;
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/signalr_exception.h b/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/signalr_exception.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c7b48725b081
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/signalr_exception.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include "cpprest/details/basic_types.h"
+#include "cpprest/asyncrt_utils.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    class signalr_exception : public std::runtime_error
+    {
+    public:
+        explicit signalr_exception(const utility::string_t &what)
+            : runtime_error(utility::conversions::to_utf8string(what))
+        {}
+    };
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/trace_level.h b/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/trace_level.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c670dcaa397a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/trace_level.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    enum class trace_level : int
+    {
+        none = 0,
+        messages = 1,
+        events = 2,
+        state_changes = 4,
+        errors = 8,
+        info = 16,
+        all = messages | events | state_changes | errors | info
+    };
+
+    inline trace_level operator|(trace_level lhs, trace_level rhs)
+    {
+        return static_cast<trace_level>(static_cast<int>(lhs) | static_cast<int>(rhs));
+    }
+
+    inline trace_level operator&(trace_level lhs, trace_level rhs)
+    {
+        return static_cast<trace_level>(static_cast<int>(lhs) & static_cast<int>(rhs));
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/transport_type.h b/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/transport_type.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2db53381825c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/transport_type.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    enum class transport_type
+    {
+        long_polling,
+        websockets
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/web_exception.h b/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/web_exception.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f62e8e3b62d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/include/signalrclient/web_exception.h
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include "cpprest/details/basic_types.h"
+#include "cpprest/asyncrt_utils.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    class web_exception : public std::runtime_error
+    {
+    public:
+        web_exception(const utility::string_t &what, unsigned short status_code)
+            : runtime_error(utility::conversions::to_utf8string(what)), m_status_code(status_code)
+        {}
+
+        unsigned short status_code() const
+        {
+            return m_status_code;
+        }
+
+    private:
+        unsigned short m_status_code;
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples.sln b/clients/cpp/samples.sln
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2d6131dea754
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples.sln
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
+# Visual Studio 2013
+VisualStudioVersion = 12.0.31101.0
+MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "PersistentConnectionSample", "samples\PersistentConnectionSample\PersistentConnectionSample.vcxproj", "{BD075706-11E9-403B-A2E3-A5E1397E53EF}"
+EndProject
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "HubConnectionSample", "samples\HubConnectionSample\HubConnectionSample.vcxproj", "{3C9BD092-18E6-4C6E-A887-CDFC80ACB206}"
+EndProject
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "SignalRServer", "samples\SignalRServer\SignalRServer.csproj", "{A6782DC4-7435-4DB2-9E34-3F0390BC3FDE}"
+EndProject
+Project("{2150E333-8FDC-42A3-9474-1A3956D46DE8}") = ".nuget", ".nuget", "{4AA7C02A-A2E9-4E22-A026-B43D623C272F}"
+	ProjectSection(SolutionItems) = preProject
+		.nuget\NuGet.Config = .nuget\NuGet.Config
+		.nuget\NuGet.exe = .nuget\NuGet.exe
+		.nuget\NuGet.targets = .nuget\NuGet.targets
+	EndProjectSection
+EndProject
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
+		Debug|Mixed Platforms = Debug|Mixed Platforms
+		Debug|Win32 = Debug|Win32
+		Release|Any CPU = Release|Any CPU
+		Release|Mixed Platforms = Release|Mixed Platforms
+		Release|Win32 = Release|Win32
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+		{BD075706-11E9-403B-A2E3-A5E1397E53EF}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{BD075706-11E9-403B-A2E3-A5E1397E53EF}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{BD075706-11E9-403B-A2E3-A5E1397E53EF}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{BD075706-11E9-403B-A2E3-A5E1397E53EF}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{BD075706-11E9-403B-A2E3-A5E1397E53EF}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{BD075706-11E9-403B-A2E3-A5E1397E53EF}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{BD075706-11E9-403B-A2E3-A5E1397E53EF}.Release|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{BD075706-11E9-403B-A2E3-A5E1397E53EF}.Release|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{BD075706-11E9-403B-A2E3-A5E1397E53EF}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{BD075706-11E9-403B-A2E3-A5E1397E53EF}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{3C9BD092-18E6-4C6E-A887-CDFC80ACB206}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{3C9BD092-18E6-4C6E-A887-CDFC80ACB206}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{3C9BD092-18E6-4C6E-A887-CDFC80ACB206}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{3C9BD092-18E6-4C6E-A887-CDFC80ACB206}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{3C9BD092-18E6-4C6E-A887-CDFC80ACB206}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{3C9BD092-18E6-4C6E-A887-CDFC80ACB206}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{3C9BD092-18E6-4C6E-A887-CDFC80ACB206}.Release|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{3C9BD092-18E6-4C6E-A887-CDFC80ACB206}.Release|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{3C9BD092-18E6-4C6E-A887-CDFC80ACB206}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{3C9BD092-18E6-4C6E-A887-CDFC80ACB206}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{A6782DC4-7435-4DB2-9E34-3F0390BC3FDE}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{A6782DC4-7435-4DB2-9E34-3F0390BC3FDE}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{A6782DC4-7435-4DB2-9E34-3F0390BC3FDE}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{A6782DC4-7435-4DB2-9E34-3F0390BC3FDE}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{A6782DC4-7435-4DB2-9E34-3F0390BC3FDE}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{A6782DC4-7435-4DB2-9E34-3F0390BC3FDE}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{A6782DC4-7435-4DB2-9E34-3F0390BC3FDE}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{A6782DC4-7435-4DB2-9E34-3F0390BC3FDE}.Release|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{A6782DC4-7435-4DB2-9E34-3F0390BC3FDE}.Release|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{A6782DC4-7435-4DB2-9E34-3F0390BC3FDE}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
+		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
+	EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/HubConnectionSample/HubConnectionSample.cpp b/clients/cpp/samples/HubConnectionSample/HubConnectionSample.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e905043b8885
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/HubConnectionSample/HubConnectionSample.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include "hub_connection.h"
+#include "log_writer.h"
+
+class logger : public signalr::log_writer
+{
+    // Inherited via log_writer
+    virtual void __cdecl write(const utility::string_t & entry) override
+    {
+        //std::cout << utility::conversions::to_utf8string(entry) << std::endl;
+    }
+};
+
+void send_message(signalr::hub_connection& connection, const utility::string_t& name, const utility::string_t& message)
+{
+    web::json::value args{};
+    args[0] = web::json::value::string(name);
+    args[1] = web::json::value(message);
+
+    // if you get an internal compiler error uncomment the lambda below or install VS Update 4
+    connection.invoke(U("Invoke"), args/*, [](const web::json::value&){}*/)
+        .then([](pplx::task<web::json::value> invoke_task)  // fire and forget but we need to observe exceptions
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            auto val = invoke_task.get();
+            ucout << U("Received: ") << val.serialize() << std::endl;
+        }
+        catch (const std::exception &e)
+        {
+            ucout << U("Error while sending data: ") << e.what() << std::endl;
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+void chat(const utility::string_t& name)
+{
+    signalr::hub_connection connection(U("http://localhost:5000/default"), U(""), signalr::trace_level::all, std::make_shared<logger>());
+    connection.on(U("Send"), [](const web::json::value& m)
+    {
+        ucout << std::endl << m.at(0).as_string() << /*U(" wrote:") << m.at(1).as_string() <<*/ std::endl << U("Enter your message: ");
+    });
+
+    connection.start()
+        .then([&connection, name]()
+        {
+            ucout << U("Enter your message:");
+            for (;;)
+            {
+                utility::string_t message;
+                std::getline(ucin, message);
+
+                if (message == U(":q"))
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                send_message(connection, name, message);
+            }
+        })
+        .then([&connection]() // fine to capture by reference - we are blocking so it is guaranteed to be valid
+        {
+            return connection.stop();
+        })
+        .then([](pplx::task<void> stop_task)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                stop_task.get();
+                ucout << U("connection stopped successfully") << std::endl;
+            }
+            catch (const std::exception &e)
+            {
+                ucout << U("exception when starting or stopping connection: ") << e.what() << std::endl;
+            }
+        }).get();
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    ucout << U("Enter your name: ");
+    utility::string_t name;
+    std::getline(ucin, name);
+
+    chat(name);
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/HubConnectionSample/HubConnectionSample.vcxproj b/clients/cpp/samples/HubConnectionSample/HubConnectionSample.vcxproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..943804222ce1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/HubConnectionSample/HubConnectionSample.vcxproj
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="15.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
+    <ProjectGuid>{3C9BD092-18E6-4C6E-A887-CDFC80ACB206}</ProjectGuid>
+    <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
+    <RootNamespace>HubConnectionSample</RootNamespace>
+    <SolutionDir Condition="$(SolutionDir) == '' Or $(SolutionDir) == '*Undefined*'">..\..\</SolutionDir>
+    <DownloadNuGetExe Condition=" '$(DownloadNuGetExe)' == '' ">true</DownloadNuGetExe>
+    <RestorePackages>true</RestorePackages>
+    <WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>10.0.16299.0</WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
+    <UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
+    <PlatformToolset>v141</PlatformToolset>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
+    <UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
+    <PlatformToolset>v141</PlatformToolset>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
+    <Import Project="$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets" Condition="Exists('$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets')" />
+    <Import Project="..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets" Condition="Exists('..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <LinkIncremental>true</LinkIncremental>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <PrecompiledHeader>Use</PrecompiledHeader>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;_LIB;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>..\..\include\signalrclient;%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <AdditionalLibraryDirectories>
+      </AdditionalLibraryDirectories>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\lib\native\v140\windesktop\msvcstl\dyn\rt-dyn\x86\Debug\cpprest140d_2_9.lib;$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)..\..\bin\Desktop\Win32\Debug\dll\signalrclient.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <PrecompiledHeader>Use</PrecompiledHeader>
+      <Optimization>MaxSpeed</Optimization>
+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_CONSOLE;_LIB;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="stdafx.h" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="HubConnectionSample.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="stdafx.cpp">
+      <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">Create</PrecompiledHeader>
+      <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">Create</PrecompiledHeader>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="packages.config" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\src\signalrclient\Build\VS\signalrclient.vcxproj">
+      <Project>{87ed3ad4-d820-48cd-8382-a12564213a12}</Project>
+    </ProjectReference>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
+  <Target Name="EnsureNuGetPackageBuildImports" BeforeTargets="PrepareForBuild">
+    <PropertyGroup>
+      <ErrorText>This project references NuGet package(s) that are missing on this computer. Enable NuGet Package Restore to download them.  For more information, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=322105. The missing file is {0}.</ErrorText>
+    </PropertyGroup>
+    <Error Condition="!Exists('$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets'))" />
+    <Error Condition="!Exists('..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets'))" />
+  </Target>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/HubConnectionSample/HubConnectionSample.vcxproj.filters b/clients/cpp/samples/HubConnectionSample/HubConnectionSample.vcxproj.filters
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2d23e3b4616a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/HubConnectionSample/HubConnectionSample.vcxproj.filters
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Filter Include="Source Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>cpp;c;cc;cxx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="Header Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{93995380-89BD-4b04-88EB-625FBE52EBFB}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>h;hh;hpp;hxx;hm;inl;inc;xsd</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="Resource Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{67DA6AB6-F800-4c08-8B7A-83BB121AAD01}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>rc;ico;cur;bmp;dlg;rc2;rct;bin;rgs;gif;jpg;jpeg;jpe;resx;tiff;tif;png;wav;mfcribbon-ms</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="stdafx.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="stdafx.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="HubConnectionSample.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="packages.config" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/HubConnectionSample/packages.config b/clients/cpp/samples/HubConnectionSample/packages.config
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..54b8976318d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/HubConnectionSample/packages.config
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<packages>
+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
+</packages>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/HubConnectionSample/stdafx.cpp b/clients/cpp/samples/HubConnectionSample/stdafx.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4ddb0135bdeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/HubConnectionSample/stdafx.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/HubConnectionSample/stdafx.h b/clients/cpp/samples/HubConnectionSample/stdafx.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b9c15ddfa26e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/HubConnectionSample/stdafx.h
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/PersistentConnectionSample/PersistentConnectionSample.cpp b/clients/cpp/samples/PersistentConnectionSample/PersistentConnectionSample.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..323890a80d04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/PersistentConnectionSample/PersistentConnectionSample.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "signalrclient\connection.h"
+#include <iostream>
+
+void send_message(signalr::connection &connection, const utility::string_t& message)
+{
+    connection.send(message)
+        .then([](pplx::task<void> send_task)  // fire and forget but we need to observe exceptions
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            send_task.get();
+        }
+        catch (const std::exception &e)
+        {
+            ucout << U("Error while sending data: ") << e.what();
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    signalr::connection connection{ U("http://localhost:34281/echo") };
+    connection.set_message_received([](const utility::string_t& m)
+    {
+        ucout << U("Message received:") << m << std::endl << U("Enter message: ");
+    });
+
+    connection.start()
+        .then([&connection]() // fine to capture by reference - we are blocking so it is guaranteed to be valid
+        {
+            for (;;)
+            {
+                utility::string_t message;
+                std::getline(ucin, message);
+
+                if (message == U(":q"))
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                send_message(connection, message);
+            }
+
+            return connection.stop();
+        })
+        .then([](pplx::task<void> stop_task)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                stop_task.get();
+                ucout << U("connection stopped successfully") << std::endl;
+            }
+            catch (const std::exception &e)
+            {
+                ucout << U("exception when starting or closing connection: ") << e.what() << std::endl;
+            }
+        }).get();
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/PersistentConnectionSample/PersistentConnectionSample.vcxproj b/clients/cpp/samples/PersistentConnectionSample/PersistentConnectionSample.vcxproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..06064783a4a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/PersistentConnectionSample/PersistentConnectionSample.vcxproj
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="15.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
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+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
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+    <Link>
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+      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="stdafx.h" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
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+      <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">Create</PrecompiledHeader>
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+    <Import Project="$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets" Condition="Exists('$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets')" />
+    <Import Project="..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.7.0\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets" Condition="Exists('..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.7.0\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" />
+    <Import Project="..\..\packages\Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Client.Cpp.v140.WinDesktop.1.0.0-beta1\build\native\Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Client.Cpp.v140.WinDesktop.targets" Condition="Exists('..\..\packages\Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Client.Cpp.v140.WinDesktop.1.0.0-beta1\build\native\Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Client.Cpp.v140.WinDesktop.targets')" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <Target Name="EnsureNuGetPackageBuildImports" BeforeTargets="PrepareForBuild">
+    <PropertyGroup>
+      <ErrorText>This project references NuGet package(s) that are missing on this computer. Enable NuGet Package Restore to download them.  For more information, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=322105. The missing file is {0}.</ErrorText>
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diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/PersistentConnectionSample/PersistentConnectionSample.vcxproj.filters b/clients/cpp/samples/PersistentConnectionSample/PersistentConnectionSample.vcxproj.filters
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f04ee37ebfd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/PersistentConnectionSample/PersistentConnectionSample.vcxproj.filters
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
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+    <Filter Include="Source Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>cpp;c;cc;cxx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx</Extensions>
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+    <Filter Include="Header Files">
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+      <Extensions>h;hh;hpp;hxx;hm;inl;inc;xsd</Extensions>
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+    </Filter>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="stdafx.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="stdafx.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="PersistentConnectionSample.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="packages.config" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/PersistentConnectionSample/packages.config b/clients/cpp/samples/PersistentConnectionSample/packages.config
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b2d64c805a35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/PersistentConnectionSample/packages.config
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<packages>
+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.7.0" targetFramework="native" />
+  <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Client.Cpp.v140.WinDesktop" version="1.0.0-beta1" targetFramework="native" />
+</packages>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/PersistentConnectionSample/stdafx.cpp b/clients/cpp/samples/PersistentConnectionSample/stdafx.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bd7a85614cfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/PersistentConnectionSample/stdafx.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/PersistentConnectionSample/stdafx.h b/clients/cpp/samples/PersistentConnectionSample/stdafx.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b9c15ddfa26e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/PersistentConnectionSample/stdafx.h
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/ChatHub.cs b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/ChatHub.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..00f626c4a10c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/ChatHub.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Web;
+using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR;
+
+namespace SignalRServer
+{
+    public class ChatHub : Hub
+    {
+        public void Send(string name, string message)
+        {
+            // Call the broadcastMessage method to update clients.
+            Clients.All.broadcastMessage(name, message);
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/EchoConnection.cs b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/EchoConnection.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..98d50fc767de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/EchoConnection.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR;
+
+namespace SignalRServer
+{
+    public class EchoConnection : PersistentConnection
+    {
+        protected override Task OnConnected(IRequest request, string connectionId)
+        {
+            return Connection.Send(connectionId, "Welcome!");
+        }
+
+        protected override Task OnReceived(IRequest request, string connectionId, string data)
+        {
+            return Connection.Broadcast(data);
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a6bd8e468b70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+// General Information about an assembly is controlled through the following 
+// set of attributes. Change these attribute values to modify the information
+// associated with an assembly.
+[assembly: AssemblyTitle("SignalRServer")]
+[assembly: AssemblyDescription("")]
+[assembly: AssemblyConfiguration("")]
+[assembly: AssemblyCompany("")]
+[assembly: AssemblyProduct("SignalRServer")]
+[assembly: AssemblyCopyright("Copyright ©  2015")]
+[assembly: AssemblyTrademark("")]
+[assembly: AssemblyCulture("")]
+
+// Setting ComVisible to false makes the types in this assembly not visible 
+// to COM components.  If you need to access a type in this assembly from 
+// COM, set the ComVisible attribute to true on that type.
+[assembly: ComVisible(false)]
+
+// The following GUID is for the ID of the typelib if this project is exposed to COM
+[assembly: Guid("64b40dbb-f6c1-45b4-8fc4-764526e9f16c")]
+
+// Version information for an assembly consists of the following four values:
+//
+//      Major Version
+//      Minor Version 
+//      Build Number
+//      Revision
+//
+// You can specify all the values or you can default the Revision and Build Numbers 
+// by using the '*' as shown below:
+[assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.0.0")]
+[assembly: AssemblyFileVersion("1.0.0.0")]
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.intellisense.js b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.intellisense.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f1d83254a61c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.intellisense.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2671 @@
+/* NUGET: BEGIN LICENSE TEXT
+ *
+ * Microsoft grants you the right to use these script files for the sole
+ * purpose of either: (i) interacting through your browser with the Microsoft
+ * website or online service, subject to the applicable licensing or use
+ * terms; or (ii) using the files as included with a Microsoft product subject
+ * to that product's license terms. Microsoft reserves all other rights to the
+ * files not expressly granted by Microsoft, whether by implication, estoppel
+ * or otherwise. Insofar as a script file is dual licensed under GPL,
+ * Microsoft neither took the code under GPL nor distributes it thereunder but
+ * under the terms set out in this paragraph. All notices and licenses
+ * below are for informational purposes only.
+ *
+ * NUGET: END LICENSE TEXT */
+intellisense.annotate(jQuery, {
+  'ajax': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Perform an asynchronous HTTP (Ajax) request.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="url" type="String">A string containing the URL to which the request is sent.</param>
+    ///   <param name="settings" type="PlainObject">A set of key/value pairs that configure the Ajax request. All settings are optional. A default can be set for any option with $.ajaxSetup(). See jQuery.ajax( settings ) below for a complete list of all settings.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jqXHR" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Perform an asynchronous HTTP (Ajax) request.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="settings" type="PlainObject">A set of key/value pairs that configure the Ajax request. All settings are optional. A default can be set for any option with $.ajaxSetup().</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jqXHR" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'ajaxPrefilter': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Handle custom Ajax options or modify existing options before each request is sent and before they are processed by $.ajax().</summary>
+    ///   <param name="dataTypes" type="String">An optional string containing one or more space-separated dataTypes</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(options, originalOptions, jqXHR)" type="Function">A handler to set default values for future Ajax requests.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'ajaxSetup': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Set default values for future Ajax requests.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="options" type="PlainObject">A set of key/value pairs that configure the default Ajax request. All options are optional.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'ajaxTransport': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Creates an object that handles the actual transmission of Ajax data.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="dataType" type="String">A string identifying the data type to use</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(options, originalOptions, jqXHR)" type="Function">A handler to return the new transport object to use with the data type provided in the first argument.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'boxModel': function() {
+    /// <summary>Deprecated in jQuery 1.3 (see jQuery.support). States if the current page, in the user's browser, is being rendered using the W3C CSS Box Model.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Boolean" />
+  },
+  'browser': function() {
+    /// <summary>Contains flags for the useragent, read from navigator.userAgent. We recommend against using this property; please try to use feature detection instead (see jQuery.support). jQuery.browser may be moved to a plugin in a future release of jQuery.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="PlainObject" />
+  },
+  'browser.version': function() {
+    /// <summary>The version number of the rendering engine for the user's browser.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="String" />
+  },
+  'Callbacks': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>A multi-purpose callbacks list object that provides a powerful way to manage callback lists.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="flags" type="String">An optional list of space-separated flags that change how the callback list behaves.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Callbacks" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'contains': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Check to see if a DOM element is a descendant of another DOM element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="container" type="Element">The DOM element that may contain the other element.</param>
+    ///   <param name="contained" type="Element">The DOM element that may be contained by (a descendant of) the other element.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Boolean" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'cssHooks': function() {
+    /// <summary>Hook directly into jQuery to override how particular CSS properties are retrieved or set, normalize CSS property naming, or create custom properties.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Object" />
+  },
+  'data': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Returns value at named data store for the element, as set by jQuery.data(element, name, value), or the full data store for the element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="element" type="Element">The DOM element to query for the data.</param>
+    ///   <param name="key" type="String">Name of the data stored.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Object" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Returns value at named data store for the element, as set by jQuery.data(element, name, value), or the full data store for the element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="element" type="Element">The DOM element to query for the data.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Object" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'Deferred': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>A constructor function that returns a chainable utility object with methods to register multiple callbacks into callback queues, invoke callback queues, and relay the success or failure state of any synchronous or asynchronous function.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="beforeStart" type="Function">A function that is called just before the constructor returns.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Deferred" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'dequeue': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Execute the next function on the queue for the matched element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="element" type="Element">A DOM element from which to remove and execute a queued function.</param>
+    ///   <param name="queueName" type="String">A string containing the name of the queue. Defaults to fx, the standard effects queue.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'each': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>A generic iterator function, which can be used to seamlessly iterate over both objects and arrays. Arrays and array-like objects with a length property (such as a function's arguments object) are iterated by numeric index, from 0 to length-1. Other objects are iterated via their named properties.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="collection" type="Object">The object or array to iterate over.</param>
+    ///   <param name="callback(indexInArray, valueOfElement)" type="Function">The function that will be executed on every object.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Object" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'error': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Takes a string and throws an exception containing it.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="message" type="String">The message to send out.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'extend': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Merge the contents of two or more objects together into the first object.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="target" type="Object">An object that will receive the new properties if additional objects are passed in or that will extend the jQuery namespace if it is the sole argument.</param>
+    ///   <param name="object1" type="Object">An object containing additional properties to merge in.</param>
+    ///   <param name="objectN" type="Object">Additional objects containing properties to merge in.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Object" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Merge the contents of two or more objects together into the first object.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="deep" type="Boolean">If true, the merge becomes recursive (aka. deep copy).</param>
+    ///   <param name="target" type="Object">The object to extend. It will receive the new properties.</param>
+    ///   <param name="object1" type="Object">An object containing additional properties to merge in.</param>
+    ///   <param name="objectN" type="Object">Additional objects containing properties to merge in.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Object" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'get': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Load data from the server using a HTTP GET request.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="url" type="String">A string containing the URL to which the request is sent.</param>
+    ///   <param name="data" type="String">A plain object or string that is sent to the server with the request.</param>
+    ///   <param name="success(data, textStatus, jqXHR)" type="Function">A callback function that is executed if the request succeeds.</param>
+    ///   <param name="dataType" type="String">The type of data expected from the server. Default: Intelligent Guess (xml, json, script, or html).</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jqXHR" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'getJSON': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Load JSON-encoded data from the server using a GET HTTP request.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="url" type="String">A string containing the URL to which the request is sent.</param>
+    ///   <param name="data" type="PlainObject">A plain object or string that is sent to the server with the request.</param>
+    ///   <param name="success(data, textStatus, jqXHR)" type="Function">A callback function that is executed if the request succeeds.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jqXHR" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'getScript': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Load a JavaScript file from the server using a GET HTTP request, then execute it.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="url" type="String">A string containing the URL to which the request is sent.</param>
+    ///   <param name="success(script, textStatus, jqXHR)" type="Function">A callback function that is executed if the request succeeds.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jqXHR" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'globalEval': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Execute some JavaScript code globally.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="code" type="String">The JavaScript code to execute.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'grep': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Finds the elements of an array which satisfy a filter function. The original array is not affected.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="array" type="Array">The array to search through.</param>
+    ///   <param name="function(elementOfArray, indexInArray)" type="Function">The function to process each item against.  The first argument to the function is the item, and the second argument is the index.  The function should return a Boolean value.  this will be the global window object.</param>
+    ///   <param name="invert" type="Boolean">If "invert" is false, or not provided, then the function returns an array consisting of all elements for which "callback" returns true.  If "invert" is true, then the function returns an array consisting of all elements for which "callback" returns false.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Array" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'hasData': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Determine whether an element has any jQuery data associated with it.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="element" type="Element">A DOM element to be checked for data.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Boolean" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'holdReady': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Holds or releases the execution of jQuery's ready event.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="hold" type="Boolean">Indicates whether the ready hold is being requested or released</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'inArray': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Search for a specified value within an array and return its index (or -1 if not found).</summary>
+    ///   <param name="value" type="Anything">The value to search for.</param>
+    ///   <param name="array" type="Array">An array through which to search.</param>
+    ///   <param name="fromIndex" type="Number">The index of the array at which to begin the search. The default is 0, which will search the whole array.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Number" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'isArray': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Determine whether the argument is an array.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="obj" type="Object">Object to test whether or not it is an array.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="boolean" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'isEmptyObject': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Check to see if an object is empty (contains no enumerable properties).</summary>
+    ///   <param name="object" type="Object">The object that will be checked to see if it's empty.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Boolean" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'isFunction': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Determine if the argument passed is a Javascript function object.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="obj" type="PlainObject">Object to test whether or not it is a function.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="boolean" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'isNumeric': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Determines whether its argument is a number.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="value" type="PlainObject">The value to be tested.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Boolean" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'isPlainObject': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Check to see if an object is a plain object (created using "{}" or "new Object").</summary>
+    ///   <param name="object" type="PlainObject">The object that will be checked to see if it's a plain object.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Boolean" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'isWindow': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Determine whether the argument is a window.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="obj" type="PlainObject">Object to test whether or not it is a window.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="boolean" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'isXMLDoc': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Check to see if a DOM node is within an XML document (or is an XML document).</summary>
+    ///   <param name="node" type="Element">The DOM node that will be checked to see if it's in an XML document.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Boolean" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'makeArray': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Convert an array-like object into a true JavaScript array.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="obj" type="PlainObject">Any object to turn into a native Array.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Array" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'map': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Translate all items in an array or object to new array of items.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="array" type="Array">The Array to translate.</param>
+    ///   <param name="callback(elementOfArray, indexInArray)" type="Function">The function to process each item against.  The first argument to the function is the array item, the second argument is the index in array The function can return any value. Within the function, this refers to the global (window) object.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Array" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Translate all items in an array or object to new array of items.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="arrayOrObject" type="Object">The Array or Object to translate.</param>
+    ///   <param name="callback( value, indexOrKey )" type="Function">The function to process each item against.  The first argument to the function is the value; the second argument is the index or key of the array or object property. The function can return any value to add to the array. A returned array will be flattened into the resulting array. Within the function, this refers to the global (window) object.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Array" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'merge': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Merge the contents of two arrays together into the first array.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="first" type="Array">The first array to merge, the elements of second added.</param>
+    ///   <param name="second" type="Array">The second array to merge into the first, unaltered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Array" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'noConflict': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Relinquish jQuery's control of the $ variable.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="removeAll" type="Boolean">A Boolean indicating whether to remove all jQuery variables from the global scope (including jQuery itself).</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Object" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'noop': function() {
+    /// <summary>An empty function.</summary>
+  },
+  'now': function() {
+    /// <summary>Return a number representing the current time.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Number" />
+  },
+  'param': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Create a serialized representation of an array or object, suitable for use in a URL query string or Ajax request.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="obj" type="Object">An array or object to serialize.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="String" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Create a serialized representation of an array or object, suitable for use in a URL query string or Ajax request.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="obj" type="Object">An array or object to serialize.</param>
+    ///   <param name="traditional" type="Boolean">A Boolean indicating whether to perform a traditional "shallow" serialization.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="String" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'parseHTML': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Parses a string into an array of DOM nodes.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="data" type="String">HTML string to be parsed</param>
+    ///   <param name="context" type="Element">DOM element to serve as the context in which the HTML fragment will be created</param>
+    ///   <param name="keepScripts" type="Boolean">A Boolean indicating whether to include scripts passed in the HTML string</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Array" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'parseJSON': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Takes a well-formed JSON string and returns the resulting JavaScript object.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="json" type="String">The JSON string to parse.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Object" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'parseXML': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Parses a string into an XML document.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="data" type="String">a well-formed XML string to be parsed</param>
+    ///   <returns type="XMLDocument" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'post': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Load data from the server using a HTTP POST request.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="url" type="String">A string containing the URL to which the request is sent.</param>
+    ///   <param name="data" type="String">A plain object or string that is sent to the server with the request.</param>
+    ///   <param name="success(data, textStatus, jqXHR)" type="Function">A callback function that is executed if the request succeeds.</param>
+    ///   <param name="dataType" type="String">The type of data expected from the server. Default: Intelligent Guess (xml, json, script, text, html).</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jqXHR" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'proxy': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Takes a function and returns a new one that will always have a particular context.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="function" type="Function">The function whose context will be changed.</param>
+    ///   <param name="context" type="PlainObject">The object to which the context (this) of the function should be set.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Function" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Takes a function and returns a new one that will always have a particular context.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="context" type="PlainObject">The object to which the context of the function should be set.</param>
+    ///   <param name="name" type="String">The name of the function whose context will be changed (should be a property of the context object).</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Function" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Takes a function and returns a new one that will always have a particular context.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="function" type="Function">The function whose context will be changed.</param>
+    ///   <param name="context" type="PlainObject">The object to which the context (this) of the function should be set.</param>
+    ///   <param name="additionalArguments" type="Anything">Any number of arguments to be passed to the function referenced in the function argument.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Function" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Takes a function and returns a new one that will always have a particular context.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="context" type="PlainObject">The object to which the context of the function should be set.</param>
+    ///   <param name="name" type="String">The name of the function whose context will be changed (should be a property of the context object).</param>
+    ///   <param name="additionalArguments" type="Anything">Any number of arguments to be passed to the function named in the name argument.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Function" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'queue': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Manipulate the queue of functions to be executed on the matched element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="element" type="Element">A DOM element where the array of queued functions is attached.</param>
+    ///   <param name="queueName" type="String">A string containing the name of the queue. Defaults to fx, the standard effects queue.</param>
+    ///   <param name="newQueue" type="Array">An array of functions to replace the current queue contents.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Manipulate the queue of functions to be executed on the matched element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="element" type="Element">A DOM element on which to add a queued function.</param>
+    ///   <param name="queueName" type="String">A string containing the name of the queue. Defaults to fx, the standard effects queue.</param>
+    ///   <param name="callback()" type="Function">The new function to add to the queue.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'removeData': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove a previously-stored piece of data.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="element" type="Element">A DOM element from which to remove data.</param>
+    ///   <param name="name" type="String">A string naming the piece of data to remove.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'sub': function() {
+    /// <summary>Creates a new copy of jQuery whose properties and methods can be modified without affecting the original jQuery object.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="jQuery" />
+  },
+  'support': function() {
+    /// <summary>A collection of properties that represent the presence of different browser features or bugs. Primarily intended for jQuery's internal use; specific properties may be removed when they are no longer needed internally to improve page startup performance.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Object" />
+  },
+  'trim': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove the whitespace from the beginning and end of a string.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="str" type="String">The string to trim.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="String" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'type': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Determine the internal JavaScript [[Class]] of an object.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="obj" type="PlainObject">Object to get the internal JavaScript [[Class]] of.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="String" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'unique': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Sorts an array of DOM elements, in place, with the duplicates removed. Note that this only works on arrays of DOM elements, not strings or numbers.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="array" type="Array">The Array of DOM elements.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Array" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'when': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Provides a way to execute callback functions based on one or more objects, usually Deferred objects that represent asynchronous events.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="deferreds" type="Deferred">One or more Deferred objects, or plain JavaScript objects.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Promise" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+});
+
+var _1228819969 = jQuery.Callbacks;
+jQuery.Callbacks = function(flags) {
+var _object = _1228819969(flags);
+intellisense.annotate(_object, {
+  'add': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Add a callback or a collection of callbacks to a callback list.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="callbacks" type="Array">A function, or array of functions, that are to be added to the callback list.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Callbacks" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'disable': function() {
+    /// <summary>Disable a callback list from doing anything more.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Callbacks" />
+  },
+  'disabled': function() {
+    /// <summary>Determine if the callbacks list has been disabled.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Boolean" />
+  },
+  'empty': function() {
+    /// <summary>Remove all of the callbacks from a list.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Callbacks" />
+  },
+  'fire': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Call all of the callbacks with the given arguments</summary>
+    ///   <param name="arguments" type="Anything">The argument or list of arguments to pass back to the callback list.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Callbacks" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'fired': function() {
+    /// <summary>Determine if the callbacks have already been called at least once.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Boolean" />
+  },
+  'fireWith': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Call all callbacks in a list with the given context and arguments.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="context" type="">A reference to the context in which the callbacks in the list should be fired.</param>
+    ///   <param name="args" type="">An argument, or array of arguments, to pass to the callbacks in the list.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Callbacks" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'has': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Determine whether a supplied callback is in a list</summary>
+    ///   <param name="callback" type="Function">The callback to search for.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Boolean" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'lock': function() {
+    /// <summary>Lock a callback list in its current state.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Callbacks" />
+  },
+  'locked': function() {
+    /// <summary>Determine if the callbacks list has been locked.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Boolean" />
+  },
+  'remove': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove a callback or a collection of callbacks from a callback list.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="callbacks" type="Array">A function, or array of functions, that are to be removed from the callback list.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Callbacks" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+});
+
+return _object;
+};
+intellisense.redirectDefinition(jQuery.Callbacks, _1228819969);
+
+var _731531622 = jQuery.Deferred;
+jQuery.Deferred = function(func) {
+var _object = _731531622(func);
+intellisense.annotate(_object, {
+  'always': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Add handlers to be called when the Deferred object is either resolved or rejected.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="alwaysCallbacks" type="Function">A function, or array of functions, that is called when the Deferred is resolved or rejected.</param>
+    ///   <param name="alwaysCallbacks" type="Function">Optional additional functions, or arrays of functions, that are called when the Deferred is resolved or rejected.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Deferred" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'done': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Add handlers to be called when the Deferred object is resolved.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="doneCallbacks" type="Function">A function, or array of functions, that are called when the Deferred is resolved.</param>
+    ///   <param name="doneCallbacks" type="Function">Optional additional functions, or arrays of functions, that are called when the Deferred is resolved.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Deferred" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'fail': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Add handlers to be called when the Deferred object is rejected.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="failCallbacks" type="Function">A function, or array of functions, that are called when the Deferred is rejected.</param>
+    ///   <param name="failCallbacks" type="Function">Optional additional functions, or arrays of functions, that are called when the Deferred is rejected.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Deferred" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'isRejected': function() {
+    /// <summary>Determine whether a Deferred object has been rejected.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Boolean" />
+  },
+  'isResolved': function() {
+    /// <summary>Determine whether a Deferred object has been resolved.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Boolean" />
+  },
+  'notify': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Call the progressCallbacks on a Deferred object with the given args.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="args" type="Object">Optional arguments that are passed to the progressCallbacks.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Deferred" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'notifyWith': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Call the progressCallbacks on a Deferred object with the given context and args.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="context" type="Object">Context passed to the progressCallbacks as the this object.</param>
+    ///   <param name="args" type="Object">Optional arguments that are passed to the progressCallbacks.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Deferred" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'pipe': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Utility method to filter and/or chain Deferreds.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="doneFilter" type="Function">An optional function that is called when the Deferred is resolved.</param>
+    ///   <param name="failFilter" type="Function">An optional function that is called when the Deferred is rejected.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Promise" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Utility method to filter and/or chain Deferreds.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="doneFilter" type="Function">An optional function that is called when the Deferred is resolved.</param>
+    ///   <param name="failFilter" type="Function">An optional function that is called when the Deferred is rejected.</param>
+    ///   <param name="progressFilter" type="Function">An optional function that is called when progress notifications are sent to the Deferred.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Promise" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'progress': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Add handlers to be called when the Deferred object generates progress notifications.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="progressCallbacks" type="Function">A function, or array of functions, that is called when the Deferred generates progress notifications.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Deferred" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'promise': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Return a Deferred's Promise object.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="target" type="Object">Object onto which the promise methods have to be attached</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Promise" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'reject': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Reject a Deferred object and call any failCallbacks with the given args.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="args" type="Object">Optional arguments that are passed to the failCallbacks.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Deferred" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'rejectWith': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Reject a Deferred object and call any failCallbacks with the given context and args.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="context" type="Object">Context passed to the failCallbacks as the this object.</param>
+    ///   <param name="args" type="Array">An optional array of arguments that are passed to the failCallbacks.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Deferred" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'resolve': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Resolve a Deferred object and call any doneCallbacks with the given args.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="args" type="Object">Optional arguments that are passed to the doneCallbacks.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Deferred" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'resolveWith': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Resolve a Deferred object and call any doneCallbacks with the given context and args.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="context" type="Object">Context passed to the doneCallbacks as the this object.</param>
+    ///   <param name="args" type="Array">An optional array of arguments that are passed to the doneCallbacks.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Deferred" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'state': function() {
+    /// <summary>Determine the current state of a Deferred object.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="String" />
+  },
+  'then': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Add handlers to be called when the Deferred object is resolved, rejected, or still in progress.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="doneFilter" type="Function">A function that is called when the Deferred is resolved.</param>
+    ///   <param name="failFilter" type="Function">An optional function that is called when the Deferred is rejected.</param>
+    ///   <param name="progressFilter" type="Function">An optional function that is called when progress notifications are sent to the Deferred.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Promise" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Add handlers to be called when the Deferred object is resolved, rejected, or still in progress.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="doneCallbacks" type="Function">A function, or array of functions, called when the Deferred is resolved.</param>
+    ///   <param name="failCallbacks" type="Function">A function, or array of functions, called when the Deferred is rejected.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Promise" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Add handlers to be called when the Deferred object is resolved, rejected, or still in progress.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="doneCallbacks" type="Function">A function, or array of functions, called when the Deferred is resolved.</param>
+    ///   <param name="failCallbacks" type="Function">A function, or array of functions, called when the Deferred is rejected.</param>
+    ///   <param name="progressCallbacks" type="Function">A function, or array of functions, called when the Deferred notifies progress.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Promise" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+});
+
+return _object;
+};
+intellisense.redirectDefinition(jQuery.Callbacks, _731531622);
+
+intellisense.annotate(jQuery.Event.prototype, {
+  'currentTarget': function() {
+    /// <summary>The current DOM element within the event bubbling phase.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Element" />
+  },
+  'data': function() {
+    /// <summary>An optional object of data passed to an event method when the current executing handler is bound.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Object" />
+  },
+  'delegateTarget': function() {
+    /// <summary>The element where the currently-called jQuery event handler was attached.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Element" />
+  },
+  'isDefaultPrevented': function() {
+    /// <summary>Returns whether event.preventDefault() was ever called on this event object.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Boolean" />
+  },
+  'isImmediatePropagationStopped': function() {
+    /// <summary>Returns whether event.stopImmediatePropagation() was ever called on this event object.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Boolean" />
+  },
+  'isPropagationStopped': function() {
+    /// <summary>Returns whether event.stopPropagation() was ever called on this event object.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Boolean" />
+  },
+  'metaKey': function() {
+    /// <summary>Indicates whether the META key was pressed when the event fired.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Boolean" />
+  },
+  'namespace': function() {
+    /// <summary>The namespace specified when the event was triggered.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="String" />
+  },
+  'pageX': function() {
+    /// <summary>The mouse position relative to the left edge of the document.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Number" />
+  },
+  'pageY': function() {
+    /// <summary>The mouse position relative to the top edge of the document.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Number" />
+  },
+  'preventDefault': function() {
+    /// <summary>If this method is called, the default action of the event will not be triggered.</summary>
+  },
+  'relatedTarget': function() {
+    /// <summary>The other DOM element involved in the event, if any.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Element" />
+  },
+  'result': function() {
+    /// <summary>The last value returned by an event handler that was triggered by this event, unless the value was undefined.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Object" />
+  },
+  'stopImmediatePropagation': function() {
+    /// <summary>Keeps the rest of the handlers from being executed and prevents the event from bubbling up the DOM tree.</summary>
+  },
+  'stopPropagation': function() {
+    /// <summary>Prevents the event from bubbling up the DOM tree, preventing any parent handlers from being notified of the event.</summary>
+  },
+  'target': function() {
+    /// <summary>The DOM element that initiated the event.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Element" />
+  },
+  'timeStamp': function() {
+    /// <summary>The difference in milliseconds between the time the browser created the event and January 1, 1970.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Number" />
+  },
+  'type': function() {
+    /// <summary>Describes the nature of the event.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="String" />
+  },
+  'which': function() {
+    /// <summary>For key or mouse events, this property indicates the specific key or button that was pressed.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Number" />
+  },
+});
+
+intellisense.annotate(jQuery.fn, {
+  'add': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Add elements to the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A string representing a selector expression to find additional elements to add to the set of matched elements.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Add elements to the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="elements" type="Array">One or more elements to add to the set of matched elements.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Add elements to the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="html" type="String">An HTML fragment to add to the set of matched elements.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Add elements to the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="jQuery object" type="jQuery object ">An existing jQuery object to add to the set of matched elements.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Add elements to the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A string representing a selector expression to find additional elements to add to the set of matched elements.</param>
+    ///   <param name="context" type="Element">The point in the document at which the selector should begin matching; similar to the context argument of the $(selector, context) method.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'addBack': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Add the previous set of elements on the stack to the current set, optionally filtered by a selector.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A string containing a selector expression to match the current set of elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'addClass': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Adds the specified class(es) to each of the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="className" type="String">One or more space-separated classes to be added to the class attribute of each matched element.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Adds the specified class(es) to each of the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="function(index, currentClass)" type="Function">A function returning one or more space-separated class names to be added to the existing class name(s). Receives the index position of the element in the set and the existing class name(s) as arguments. Within the function, this refers to the current element in the set.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'after': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Insert content, specified by the parameter, after each element in the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="content" type="jQuery">HTML string, DOM element, or jQuery object to insert after each element in the set of matched elements.</param>
+    ///   <param name="content" type="jQuery">One or more additional DOM elements, arrays of elements, HTML strings, or jQuery objects to insert after each element in the set of matched elements.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Insert content, specified by the parameter, after each element in the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="function(index)" type="Function">A function that returns an HTML string, DOM element(s), or jQuery object to insert after each element in the set of matched elements. Receives the index position of the element in the set as an argument. Within the function, this refers to the current element in the set.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'ajaxComplete': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Register a handler to be called when Ajax requests complete. This is an AjaxEvent.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(event, XMLHttpRequest, ajaxOptions)" type="Function">The function to be invoked.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'ajaxError': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Register a handler to be called when Ajax requests complete with an error. This is an Ajax Event.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(event, jqXHR, ajaxSettings, thrownError)" type="Function">The function to be invoked.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'ajaxSend': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Attach a function to be executed before an Ajax request is sent. This is an Ajax Event.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(event, jqXHR, ajaxOptions)" type="Function">The function to be invoked.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'ajaxStart': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Register a handler to be called when the first Ajax request begins. This is an Ajax Event.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler()" type="Function">The function to be invoked.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'ajaxStop': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Register a handler to be called when all Ajax requests have completed. This is an Ajax Event.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler()" type="Function">The function to be invoked.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'ajaxSuccess': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Attach a function to be executed whenever an Ajax request completes successfully. This is an Ajax Event.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(event, XMLHttpRequest, ajaxOptions)" type="Function">The function to be invoked.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'all': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects all elements.</summary>
+  },
+  'andSelf': function() {
+    /// <summary>Add the previous set of elements on the stack to the current set.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="jQuery" />
+  },
+  'animate': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Perform a custom animation of a set of CSS properties.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="properties" type="PlainObject">An object of CSS properties and values that the animation will move toward.</param>
+    ///   <param name="duration" type="">A string or number determining how long the animation will run.</param>
+    ///   <param name="easing" type="String">A string indicating which easing function to use for the transition.</param>
+    ///   <param name="complete" type="Function">A function to call once the animation is complete.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Perform a custom animation of a set of CSS properties.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="properties" type="PlainObject">An object of CSS properties and values that the animation will move toward.</param>
+    ///   <param name="options" type="PlainObject">A map of additional options to pass to the method.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'animated': function() {
+    /// <summary>Select all elements that are in the progress of an animation at the time the selector is run.</summary>
+  },
+  'append': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Insert content, specified by the parameter, to the end of each element in the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="content" type="jQuery">DOM element, HTML string, or jQuery object to insert at the end of each element in the set of matched elements.</param>
+    ///   <param name="content" type="jQuery">One or more additional DOM elements, arrays of elements, HTML strings, or jQuery objects to insert at the end of each element in the set of matched elements.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Insert content, specified by the parameter, to the end of each element in the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="function(index, html)" type="Function">A function that returns an HTML string, DOM element(s), or jQuery object to insert at the end of each element in the set of matched elements. Receives the index position of the element in the set and the old HTML value of the element as arguments. Within the function, this refers to the current element in the set.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'appendTo': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Insert every element in the set of matched elements to the end of the target.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="target" type="jQuery">A selector, element, HTML string, or jQuery object; the matched set of elements will be inserted at the end of the element(s) specified by this parameter.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'attr': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Set one or more attributes for the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="attributeName" type="String">The name of the attribute to set.</param>
+    ///   <param name="value" type="Number">A value to set for the attribute.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Set one or more attributes for the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="attributes" type="PlainObject">An object of attribute-value pairs to set.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Set one or more attributes for the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="attributeName" type="String">The name of the attribute to set.</param>
+    ///   <param name="function(index, attr)" type="Function">A function returning the value to set. this is the current element. Receives the index position of the element in the set and the old attribute value as arguments.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'attributeContains': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Selects elements that have the specified attribute with a value containing the a given substring.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="attribute" type="String">An attribute name.</param>
+    ///   <param name="value" type="String">An attribute value. Can be either an unquoted single word or a quoted string.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'attributeContainsPrefix': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Selects elements that have the specified attribute with a value either equal to a given string or starting with that string followed by a hyphen (-).</summary>
+    ///   <param name="attribute" type="String">An attribute name.</param>
+    ///   <param name="value" type="String">An attribute value. Can be either an unquoted single word or a quoted string.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'attributeContainsWord': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Selects elements that have the specified attribute with a value containing a given word, delimited by spaces.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="attribute" type="String">An attribute name.</param>
+    ///   <param name="value" type="String">An attribute value. Can be either an unquoted single word or a quoted string.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'attributeEndsWith': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Selects elements that have the specified attribute with a value ending exactly with a given string. The comparison is case sensitive.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="attribute" type="String">An attribute name.</param>
+    ///   <param name="value" type="String">An attribute value. Can be either an unquoted single word or a quoted string.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'attributeEquals': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Selects elements that have the specified attribute with a value exactly equal to a certain value.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="attribute" type="String">An attribute name.</param>
+    ///   <param name="value" type="String">An attribute value. Can be either an unquoted single word or a quoted string.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'attributeHas': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Selects elements that have the specified attribute, with any value.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="attribute" type="String">An attribute name.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'attributeMultiple': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Matches elements that match all of the specified attribute filters.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="attributeFilter1" type="String">An attribute filter.</param>
+    ///   <param name="attributeFilter2" type="String">Another attribute filter, reducing the selection even more</param>
+    ///   <param name="attributeFilterN" type="String">As many more attribute filters as necessary</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'attributeNotEqual': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Select elements that either don't have the specified attribute, or do have the specified attribute but not with a certain value.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="attribute" type="String">An attribute name.</param>
+    ///   <param name="value" type="String">An attribute value. Can be either an unquoted single word or a quoted string.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'attributeStartsWith': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Selects elements that have the specified attribute with a value beginning exactly with a given string.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="attribute" type="String">An attribute name.</param>
+    ///   <param name="value" type="String">An attribute value. Can be either an unquoted single word or a quoted string.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'before': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Insert content, specified by the parameter, before each element in the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="content" type="jQuery">HTML string, DOM element, or jQuery object to insert before each element in the set of matched elements.</param>
+    ///   <param name="content" type="jQuery">One or more additional DOM elements, arrays of elements, HTML strings, or jQuery objects to insert before each element in the set of matched elements.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Insert content, specified by the parameter, before each element in the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="function" type="Function">A function that returns an HTML string, DOM element(s), or jQuery object to insert before each element in the set of matched elements. Receives the index position of the element in the set as an argument. Within the function, this refers to the current element in the set.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'bind': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Attach a handler to an event for the elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventType" type="String">A string containing one or more DOM event types, such as "click" or "submit," or custom event names.</param>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="Object">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Attach a handler to an event for the elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventType" type="String">A string containing one or more DOM event types, such as "click" or "submit," or custom event names.</param>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="Object">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="preventBubble" type="Boolean">Setting the third argument to false will attach a function that prevents the default action from occurring and stops the event from bubbling. The default is true.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Attach a handler to an event for the elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="events" type="Object">An object containing one or more DOM event types and functions to execute for them.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'blur': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "blur" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "blur" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="Object">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'button': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects all button elements and elements of type button.</summary>
+  },
+  'change': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "change" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "change" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="Object">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'checkbox': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects all elements of type checkbox.</summary>
+  },
+  'checked': function() {
+    /// <summary>Matches all elements that are checked.</summary>
+  },
+  'child': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Selects all direct child elements specified by "child" of elements specified by "parent".</summary>
+    ///   <param name="parent" type="String">Any valid selector.</param>
+    ///   <param name="child" type="String">A selector to filter the child elements.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'children': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Get the children of each element in the set of matched elements, optionally filtered by a selector.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A string containing a selector expression to match elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'class': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Selects all elements with the given class.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="class" type="String">A class to search for. An element can have multiple classes; only one of them must match.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'clearQueue': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove from the queue all items that have not yet been run.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="queueName" type="String">A string containing the name of the queue. Defaults to fx, the standard effects queue.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'click': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "click" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "click" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="Object">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'clone': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Create a deep copy of the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="withDataAndEvents" type="Boolean">A Boolean indicating whether event handlers should be copied along with the elements. As of jQuery 1.4, element data will be copied as well.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Create a deep copy of the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="withDataAndEvents" type="Boolean">A Boolean indicating whether event handlers and data should be copied along with the elements. The default value is false. *In jQuery 1.5.0 the default value was incorrectly true; it was changed back to false in 1.5.1 and up.</param>
+    ///   <param name="deepWithDataAndEvents" type="Boolean">A Boolean indicating whether event handlers and data for all children of the cloned element should be copied. By default its value matches the first argument's value (which defaults to false).</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'closest': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>For each element in the set, get the first element that matches the selector by testing the element itself and traversing up through its ancestors in the DOM tree.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A string containing a selector expression to match elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>For each element in the set, get the first element that matches the selector by testing the element itself and traversing up through its ancestors in the DOM tree.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A string containing a selector expression to match elements against.</param>
+    ///   <param name="context" type="Element">A DOM element within which a matching element may be found. If no context is passed in then the context of the jQuery set will be used instead.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>For each element in the set, get the first element that matches the selector by testing the element itself and traversing up through its ancestors in the DOM tree.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="jQuery object" type="jQuery">A jQuery object to match elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>For each element in the set, get the first element that matches the selector by testing the element itself and traversing up through its ancestors in the DOM tree.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="element" type="Element">An element to match elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'contains': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Select all elements that contain the specified text.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="text" type="String">A string of text to look for. It's case sensitive.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'contents': function() {
+    /// <summary>Get the children of each element in the set of matched elements, including text and comment nodes.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="jQuery" />
+  },
+  'context': function() {
+    /// <summary>The DOM node context originally passed to jQuery(); if none was passed then context will likely be the document.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Element" />
+  },
+  'css': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Set one or more CSS properties for the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="propertyName" type="String">A CSS property name.</param>
+    ///   <param name="value" type="Number">A value to set for the property.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Set one or more CSS properties for the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="propertyName" type="String">A CSS property name.</param>
+    ///   <param name="function(index, value)" type="Function">A function returning the value to set. this is the current element. Receives the index position of the element in the set and the old value as arguments.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Set one or more CSS properties for the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="properties" type="PlainObject">An object of property-value pairs to set.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'data': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Store arbitrary data associated with the matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="key" type="String">A string naming the piece of data to set.</param>
+    ///   <param name="value" type="Object">The new data value; it can be any Javascript type including Array or Object.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Store arbitrary data associated with the matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="obj" type="Object">An object of key-value pairs of data to update.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'dblclick': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "dblclick" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "dblclick" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="Object">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'delay': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Set a timer to delay execution of subsequent items in the queue.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="duration" type="Number">An integer indicating the number of milliseconds to delay execution of the next item in the queue.</param>
+    ///   <param name="queueName" type="String">A string containing the name of the queue. Defaults to fx, the standard effects queue.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'delegate': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Attach a handler to one or more events for all elements that match the selector, now or in the future, based on a specific set of root elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A selector to filter the elements that trigger the event.</param>
+    ///   <param name="eventType" type="String">A string containing one or more space-separated JavaScript event types, such as "click" or "keydown," or custom event names.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute at the time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Attach a handler to one or more events for all elements that match the selector, now or in the future, based on a specific set of root elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A selector to filter the elements that trigger the event.</param>
+    ///   <param name="eventType" type="String">A string containing one or more space-separated JavaScript event types, such as "click" or "keydown," or custom event names.</param>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="Object">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute at the time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Attach a handler to one or more events for all elements that match the selector, now or in the future, based on a specific set of root elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A selector to filter the elements that trigger the event.</param>
+    ///   <param name="events" type="PlainObject">A plain object of one or more event types and functions to execute for them.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'dequeue': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Execute the next function on the queue for the matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="queueName" type="String">A string containing the name of the queue. Defaults to fx, the standard effects queue.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'descendant': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Selects all elements that are descendants of a given ancestor.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="ancestor" type="String">Any valid selector.</param>
+    ///   <param name="descendant" type="String">A selector to filter the descendant elements.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'detach': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove the set of matched elements from the DOM.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A selector expression that filters the set of matched elements to be removed.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'die': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove event handlers previously attached using .live() from the elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventType" type="String">A string containing a JavaScript event type, such as click or keydown.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler" type="String">The function that is no longer to be executed.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove event handlers previously attached using .live() from the elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="events" type="PlainObject">A plain object of one or more event types, such as click or keydown and their corresponding functions that are no longer to be executed.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'disabled': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects all elements that are disabled.</summary>
+  },
+  'each': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Iterate over a jQuery object, executing a function for each matched element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="function(index, Element)" type="Function">A function to execute for each matched element.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'element': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Selects all elements with the given tag name.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="element" type="String">An element to search for. Refers to the tagName of DOM nodes.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'empty': function() {
+    /// <summary>Select all elements that have no children (including text nodes).</summary>
+  },
+  'enabled': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects all elements that are enabled.</summary>
+  },
+  'end': function() {
+    /// <summary>End the most recent filtering operation in the current chain and return the set of matched elements to its previous state.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="jQuery" />
+  },
+  'eq': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Select the element at index n within the matched set.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="index" type="Number">Zero-based index of the element to match.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Select the element at index n within the matched set.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="-index" type="Number">Zero-based index of the element to match, counting backwards from the last element.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'error': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "error" JavaScript event.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute when the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "error" JavaScript event.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="Object">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'even': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects even elements, zero-indexed.  See also odd.</summary>
+  },
+  'fadeIn': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Display the matched elements by fading them to opaque.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="duration" type="">A string or number determining how long the animation will run.</param>
+    ///   <param name="complete" type="Function">A function to call once the animation is complete.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Display the matched elements by fading them to opaque.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="options" type="PlainObject">A map of additional options to pass to the method.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Display the matched elements by fading them to opaque.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="duration" type="">A string or number determining how long the animation will run.</param>
+    ///   <param name="easing" type="String">A string indicating which easing function to use for the transition.</param>
+    ///   <param name="complete" type="Function">A function to call once the animation is complete.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'fadeOut': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Hide the matched elements by fading them to transparent.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="duration" type="">A string or number determining how long the animation will run.</param>
+    ///   <param name="complete" type="Function">A function to call once the animation is complete.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Hide the matched elements by fading them to transparent.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="options" type="PlainObject">A map of additional options to pass to the method.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Hide the matched elements by fading them to transparent.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="duration" type="">A string or number determining how long the animation will run.</param>
+    ///   <param name="easing" type="String">A string indicating which easing function to use for the transition.</param>
+    ///   <param name="complete" type="Function">A function to call once the animation is complete.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'fadeTo': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Adjust the opacity of the matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="duration" type="Number">A string or number determining how long the animation will run.</param>
+    ///   <param name="opacity" type="Number">A number between 0 and 1 denoting the target opacity.</param>
+    ///   <param name="complete" type="Function">A function to call once the animation is complete.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Adjust the opacity of the matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="duration" type="Number">A string or number determining how long the animation will run.</param>
+    ///   <param name="opacity" type="Number">A number between 0 and 1 denoting the target opacity.</param>
+    ///   <param name="easing" type="String">A string indicating which easing function to use for the transition.</param>
+    ///   <param name="complete" type="Function">A function to call once the animation is complete.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'fadeToggle': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Display or hide the matched elements by animating their opacity.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="duration" type="">A string or number determining how long the animation will run.</param>
+    ///   <param name="easing" type="String">A string indicating which easing function to use for the transition.</param>
+    ///   <param name="complete" type="Function">A function to call once the animation is complete.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Display or hide the matched elements by animating their opacity.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="options" type="PlainObject">A map of additional options to pass to the method.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'file': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects all elements of type file.</summary>
+  },
+  'filter': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Reduce the set of matched elements to those that match the selector or pass the function's test.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A string containing a selector expression to match the current set of elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Reduce the set of matched elements to those that match the selector or pass the function's test.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="function(index)" type="Function">A function used as a test for each element in the set. this is the current DOM element.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Reduce the set of matched elements to those that match the selector or pass the function's test.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="element" type="Element">An element to match the current set of elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Reduce the set of matched elements to those that match the selector or pass the function's test.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="jQuery object" type="Object">An existing jQuery object to match the current set of elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'find': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Get the descendants of each element in the current set of matched elements, filtered by a selector, jQuery object, or element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A string containing a selector expression to match elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Get the descendants of each element in the current set of matched elements, filtered by a selector, jQuery object, or element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="jQuery object" type="Object">A jQuery object to match elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Get the descendants of each element in the current set of matched elements, filtered by a selector, jQuery object, or element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="element" type="Element">An element to match elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'finish': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Stop the currently-running animation, remove all queued animations, and complete all animations for the matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="queue" type="String">The name of the queue in which to stop animations.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'first': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects the first matched element.</summary>
+  },
+  'first-child': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects all elements that are the first child of their parent.</summary>
+  },
+  'first-of-type': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects all elements that are the first among siblings of the same element name.</summary>
+  },
+  'focus': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "focus" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "focus" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="Object">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'focusin': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "focusin" event.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "focusin" event.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="Object">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'focusout': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "focusout" JavaScript event.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "focusout" JavaScript event.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="Object">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'get': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Retrieve the DOM elements matched by the jQuery object.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="index" type="Number">A zero-based integer indicating which element to retrieve.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Element, Array" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'gt': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Select all elements at an index greater than index within the matched set.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="index" type="Number">Zero-based index.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'has': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Reduce the set of matched elements to those that have a descendant that matches the selector or DOM element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A string containing a selector expression to match elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Reduce the set of matched elements to those that have a descendant that matches the selector or DOM element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="contained" type="Element">A DOM element to match elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'hasClass': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Determine whether any of the matched elements are assigned the given class.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="className" type="String">The class name to search for.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Boolean" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'header': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects all elements that are headers, like h1, h2, h3 and so on.</summary>
+  },
+  'height': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Set the CSS height of every matched element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="value" type="Number">An integer representing the number of pixels, or an integer with an optional unit of measure appended (as a string).</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Set the CSS height of every matched element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="function(index, height)" type="Function">A function returning the height to set. Receives the index position of the element in the set and the old height as arguments. Within the function, this refers to the current element in the set.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'hidden': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects all elements that are hidden.</summary>
+  },
+  'hide': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Hide the matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="duration" type="">A string or number determining how long the animation will run.</param>
+    ///   <param name="complete" type="Function">A function to call once the animation is complete.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Hide the matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="options" type="PlainObject">A map of additional options to pass to the method.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Hide the matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="duration" type="">A string or number determining how long the animation will run.</param>
+    ///   <param name="easing" type="String">A string indicating which easing function to use for the transition.</param>
+    ///   <param name="complete" type="Function">A function to call once the animation is complete.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'hover': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind two handlers to the matched elements, to be executed when the mouse pointer enters and leaves the elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handlerIn(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute when the mouse pointer enters the element.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handlerOut(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute when the mouse pointer leaves the element.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'html': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Set the HTML contents of each element in the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="htmlString" type="String">A string of HTML to set as the content of each matched element.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Set the HTML contents of each element in the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="function(index, oldhtml)" type="Function">A function returning the HTML content to set. Receives the           index position of the element in the set and the old HTML value as arguments.           jQuery empties the element before calling the function;           use the oldhtml argument to reference the previous content.           Within the function, this refers to the current element in the set.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'id': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Selects a single element with the given id attribute.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="id" type="String">An ID to search for, specified via the id attribute of an element.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'image': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects all elements of type image.</summary>
+  },
+  'index': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Search for a given element from among the matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A selector representing a jQuery collection in which to look for an element.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Number" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Search for a given element from among the matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="element" type="jQuery">The DOM element or first element within the jQuery object to look for.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Number" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'init': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Accepts a string containing a CSS selector which is then used to match a set of elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A string containing a selector expression</param>
+    ///   <param name="context" type="jQuery">A DOM Element, Document, or jQuery to use as context</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Accepts a string containing a CSS selector which is then used to match a set of elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="element" type="Element">A DOM element to wrap in a jQuery object.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Accepts a string containing a CSS selector which is then used to match a set of elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="elementArray" type="Array">An array containing a set of DOM elements to wrap in a jQuery object.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Accepts a string containing a CSS selector which is then used to match a set of elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="object" type="PlainObject">A plain object to wrap in a jQuery object.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Accepts a string containing a CSS selector which is then used to match a set of elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="jQuery object" type="PlainObject">An existing jQuery object to clone.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'innerHeight': function() {
+    /// <summary>Get the current computed height for the first element in the set of matched elements, including padding but not border.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Integer" />
+  },
+  'innerWidth': function() {
+    /// <summary>Get the current computed width for the first element in the set of matched elements, including padding but not border.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Integer" />
+  },
+  'input': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects all input, textarea, select and button elements.</summary>
+  },
+  'insertAfter': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Insert every element in the set of matched elements after the target.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="target" type="jQuery">A selector, element, HTML string, or jQuery object; the matched set of elements will be inserted after the element(s) specified by this parameter.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'insertBefore': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Insert every element in the set of matched elements before the target.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="target" type="jQuery">A selector, element, HTML string, or jQuery object; the matched set of elements will be inserted before the element(s) specified by this parameter.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'is': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Check the current matched set of elements against a selector, element, or jQuery object and return true if at least one of these elements matches the given arguments.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A string containing a selector expression to match elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Boolean" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Check the current matched set of elements against a selector, element, or jQuery object and return true if at least one of these elements matches the given arguments.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="function(index)" type="Function">A function used as a test for the set of elements. It accepts one argument, index, which is the element's index in the jQuery collection.Within the function, this refers to the current DOM element.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Boolean" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Check the current matched set of elements against a selector, element, or jQuery object and return true if at least one of these elements matches the given arguments.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="jQuery object" type="Object">An existing jQuery object to match the current set of elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Boolean" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Check the current matched set of elements against a selector, element, or jQuery object and return true if at least one of these elements matches the given arguments.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="element" type="Element">An element to match the current set of elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Boolean" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'jquery': function() {
+    /// <summary>A string containing the jQuery version number.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="String" />
+  },
+  'keydown': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "keydown" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "keydown" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="PlainObject">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'keypress': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "keypress" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "keypress" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="PlainObject">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'keyup': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "keyup" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "keyup" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="PlainObject">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'lang': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Selects all elements of the specified language.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="language" type="String">A language code.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'last': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects the last matched element.</summary>
+  },
+  'last-child': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects all elements that are the last child of their parent.</summary>
+  },
+  'last-of-type': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects all elements that are the last among siblings of the same element name.</summary>
+  },
+  'length': function() {
+    /// <summary>The number of elements in the jQuery object.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Number" />
+  },
+  'live': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Attach an event handler for all elements which match the current selector, now and in the future.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="events" type="String">A string containing a JavaScript event type, such as "click" or "keydown." As of jQuery 1.4 the string can contain multiple, space-separated event types or custom event names.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute at the time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Attach an event handler for all elements which match the current selector, now and in the future.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="events" type="String">A string containing a JavaScript event type, such as "click" or "keydown." As of jQuery 1.4 the string can contain multiple, space-separated event types or custom event names.</param>
+    ///   <param name="data" type="PlainObject">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute at the time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Attach an event handler for all elements which match the current selector, now and in the future.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="events" type="PlainObject">A plain object of one or more JavaScript event types and functions to execute for them.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'load': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "load" JavaScript event.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute when the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "load" JavaScript event.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="PlainObject">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'lt': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Select all elements at an index less than index within the matched set.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="index" type="Number">Zero-based index.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'map': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Pass each element in the current matched set through a function, producing a new jQuery object containing the return values.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="callback(index, domElement)" type="Function">A function object that will be invoked for each element in the current set.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'mousedown': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "mousedown" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "mousedown" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="PlainObject">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'mouseenter': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to be fired when the mouse enters an element, or trigger that handler on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to be fired when the mouse enters an element, or trigger that handler on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="PlainObject">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'mouseleave': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to be fired when the mouse leaves an element, or trigger that handler on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to be fired when the mouse leaves an element, or trigger that handler on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="PlainObject">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'mousemove': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "mousemove" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "mousemove" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="PlainObject">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'mouseout': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "mouseout" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "mouseout" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="PlainObject">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'mouseover': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "mouseover" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "mouseover" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="PlainObject">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'mouseup': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "mouseup" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "mouseup" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="PlainObject">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'multiple': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Selects the combined results of all the specified selectors.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector1" type="String">Any valid selector.</param>
+    ///   <param name="selector2" type="String">Another valid selector.</param>
+    ///   <param name="selectorN" type="String">As many more valid selectors as you like.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'next': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Get the immediately following sibling of each element in the set of matched elements. If a selector is provided, it retrieves the next sibling only if it matches that selector.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A string containing a selector expression to match elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'next adjacent': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Selects all next elements matching "next" that are immediately preceded by a sibling "prev".</summary>
+    ///   <param name="prev" type="String">Any valid selector.</param>
+    ///   <param name="next" type="String">A selector to match the element that is next to the first selector.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'next siblings': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Selects all sibling elements that follow after the "prev" element, have the same parent, and match the filtering "siblings" selector.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="prev" type="String">Any valid selector.</param>
+    ///   <param name="siblings" type="String">A selector to filter elements that are the following siblings of the first selector.</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'nextAll': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Get all following siblings of each element in the set of matched elements, optionally filtered by a selector.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A string containing a selector expression to match elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'nextUntil': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Get all following siblings of each element up to but not including the element matched by the selector, DOM node, or jQuery object passed.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A string containing a selector expression to indicate where to stop matching following sibling elements.</param>
+    ///   <param name="filter" type="String">A string containing a selector expression to match elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Get all following siblings of each element up to but not including the element matched by the selector, DOM node, or jQuery object passed.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="element" type="Element">A DOM node or jQuery object indicating where to stop matching following sibling elements.</param>
+    ///   <param name="filter" type="String">A string containing a selector expression to match elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'not': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove elements from the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A string containing a selector expression to match elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove elements from the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="elements" type="Array">One or more DOM elements to remove from the matched set.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove elements from the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="function(index)" type="Function">A function used as a test for each element in the set. this is the current DOM element.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove elements from the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="jQuery object" type="PlainObject">An existing jQuery object to match the current set of elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'nth-child': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Selects all elements that are the nth-child of their parent.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="index" type="String">The index of each child to match, starting with 1, the string even or odd, or an equation ( eg. :nth-child(even), :nth-child(4n) )</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'nth-last-child': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Selects all elements that are the nth-child of their parent, counting from the last element to the first.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="index" type="String">The index of each child to match, starting with the last one (1), the string even or odd, or an equation ( eg. :nth-last-child(even), :nth-last-child(4n) )</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'nth-last-of-type': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Selects all elements that are the nth-child of their parent, counting from the last element to the first.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="index" type="String">The index of each child to match, starting with the last one (1), the string even or odd, or an equation ( eg. :nth-last-of-type(even), :nth-last-of-type(4n) )</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'nth-of-type': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Selects all elements that are the nth child of their parent in relation to siblings with the same element name.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="index" type="String">The index of each child to match, starting with 1, the string even or odd, or an equation ( eg. :nth-of-type(even), :nth-of-type(4n) )</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'odd': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects odd elements, zero-indexed.  See also even.</summary>
+  },
+  'off': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove an event handler.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="events" type="String">One or more space-separated event types and optional namespaces, or just namespaces, such as "click", "keydown.myPlugin", or ".myPlugin".</param>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A selector which should match the one originally passed to .on() when attaching event handlers.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A handler function previously attached for the event(s), or the special value false.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove an event handler.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="events" type="PlainObject">An object where the string keys represent one or more space-separated event types and optional namespaces, and the values represent handler functions previously attached for the event(s).</param>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A selector which should match the one originally passed to .on() when attaching event handlers.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'offset': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Set the current coordinates of every element in the set of matched elements, relative to the document.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="coordinates" type="PlainObject">An object containing the properties top and left, which are integers indicating the new top and left coordinates for the elements.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Set the current coordinates of every element in the set of matched elements, relative to the document.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="function(index, coords)" type="Function">A function to return the coordinates to set. Receives the index of the element in the collection as the first argument and the current coordinates as the second argument. The function should return an object with the new top and left properties.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'offsetParent': function() {
+    /// <summary>Get the closest ancestor element that is positioned.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="jQuery" />
+  },
+  'on': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Attach an event handler function for one or more events to the selected elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="events" type="String">One or more space-separated event types and optional namespaces, such as "click" or "keydown.myPlugin".</param>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A selector string to filter the descendants of the selected elements that trigger the event. If the selector is null or omitted, the event is always triggered when it reaches the selected element.</param>
+    ///   <param name="data" type="Anything">Data to be passed to the handler in event.data when an event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute when the event is triggered. The value false is also allowed as a shorthand for a function that simply does return false.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Attach an event handler function for one or more events to the selected elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="events" type="PlainObject">An object in which the string keys represent one or more space-separated event types and optional namespaces, and the values represent a handler function to be called for the event(s).</param>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A selector string to filter the descendants of the selected elements that will call the handler. If the selector is null or omitted, the handler is always called when it reaches the selected element.</param>
+    ///   <param name="data" type="Anything">Data to be passed to the handler in event.data when an event occurs.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'one': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Attach a handler to an event for the elements. The handler is executed at most once per element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="events" type="String">A string containing one or more JavaScript event types, such as "click" or "submit," or custom event names.</param>
+    ///   <param name="data" type="PlainObject">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute at the time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Attach a handler to an event for the elements. The handler is executed at most once per element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="events" type="String">One or more space-separated event types and optional namespaces, such as "click" or "keydown.myPlugin".</param>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A selector string to filter the descendants of the selected elements that trigger the event. If the selector is null or omitted, the event is always triggered when it reaches the selected element.</param>
+    ///   <param name="data" type="Anything">Data to be passed to the handler in event.data when an event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute when the event is triggered. The value false is also allowed as a shorthand for a function that simply does return false.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Attach a handler to an event for the elements. The handler is executed at most once per element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="events" type="PlainObject">An object in which the string keys represent one or more space-separated event types and optional namespaces, and the values represent a handler function to be called for the event(s).</param>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A selector string to filter the descendants of the selected elements that will call the handler. If the selector is null or omitted, the handler is always called when it reaches the selected element.</param>
+    ///   <param name="data" type="Anything">Data to be passed to the handler in event.data when an event occurs.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'only-child': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects all elements that are the only child of their parent.</summary>
+  },
+  'only-of-type': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects all elements that have no siblings with the same element name.</summary>
+  },
+  'outerHeight': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Get the current computed height for the first element in the set of matched elements, including padding, border, and optionally margin. Returns an integer (without "px") representation of the value or null if called on an empty set of elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="includeMargin" type="Boolean">A Boolean indicating whether to include the element's margin in the calculation.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Integer" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'outerWidth': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Get the current computed width for the first element in the set of matched elements, including padding and border.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="includeMargin" type="Boolean">A Boolean indicating whether to include the element's margin in the calculation.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Integer" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'parent': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Get the parent of each element in the current set of matched elements, optionally filtered by a selector.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A string containing a selector expression to match elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'parents': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Get the ancestors of each element in the current set of matched elements, optionally filtered by a selector.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A string containing a selector expression to match elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'parentsUntil': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Get the ancestors of each element in the current set of matched elements, up to but not including the element matched by the selector, DOM node, or jQuery object.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A string containing a selector expression to indicate where to stop matching ancestor elements.</param>
+    ///   <param name="filter" type="String">A string containing a selector expression to match elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Get the ancestors of each element in the current set of matched elements, up to but not including the element matched by the selector, DOM node, or jQuery object.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="element" type="Element">A DOM node or jQuery object indicating where to stop matching ancestor elements.</param>
+    ///   <param name="filter" type="String">A string containing a selector expression to match elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'password': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects all elements of type password.</summary>
+  },
+  'position': function() {
+    /// <summary>Get the current coordinates of the first element in the set of matched elements, relative to the offset parent.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Object" />
+  },
+  'prepend': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Insert content, specified by the parameter, to the beginning of each element in the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="content" type="jQuery">DOM element, array of elements, HTML string, or jQuery object to insert at the beginning of each element in the set of matched elements.</param>
+    ///   <param name="content" type="jQuery">One or more additional DOM elements, arrays of elements, HTML strings, or jQuery objects to insert at the beginning of each element in the set of matched elements.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Insert content, specified by the parameter, to the beginning of each element in the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="function(index, html)" type="Function">A function that returns an HTML string, DOM element(s), or jQuery object to insert at the beginning of each element in the set of matched elements. Receives the index position of the element in the set and the old HTML value of the element as arguments. Within the function, this refers to the current element in the set.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'prependTo': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Insert every element in the set of matched elements to the beginning of the target.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="target" type="jQuery">A selector, element, HTML string, or jQuery object; the matched set of elements will be inserted at the beginning of the element(s) specified by this parameter.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'prev': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Get the immediately preceding sibling of each element in the set of matched elements, optionally filtered by a selector.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A string containing a selector expression to match elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'prevAll': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Get all preceding siblings of each element in the set of matched elements, optionally filtered by a selector.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A string containing a selector expression to match elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'prevUntil': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Get all preceding siblings of each element up to but not including the element matched by the selector, DOM node, or jQuery object.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A string containing a selector expression to indicate where to stop matching preceding sibling elements.</param>
+    ///   <param name="filter" type="String">A string containing a selector expression to match elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Get all preceding siblings of each element up to but not including the element matched by the selector, DOM node, or jQuery object.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="element" type="Element">A DOM node or jQuery object indicating where to stop matching preceding sibling elements.</param>
+    ///   <param name="filter" type="String">A string containing a selector expression to match elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'promise': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Return a Promise object to observe when all actions of a certain type bound to the collection, queued or not, have finished.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="type" type="String">The type of queue that needs to be observed.</param>
+    ///   <param name="target" type="PlainObject">Object onto which the promise methods have to be attached</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Promise" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'prop': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Set one or more properties for the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="propertyName" type="String">The name of the property to set.</param>
+    ///   <param name="value" type="Boolean">A value to set for the property.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Set one or more properties for the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="properties" type="PlainObject">An object of property-value pairs to set.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Set one or more properties for the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="propertyName" type="String">The name of the property to set.</param>
+    ///   <param name="function(index, oldPropertyValue)" type="Function">A function returning the value to set. Receives the index position of the element in the set and the old property value as arguments. Within the function, the keyword this refers to the current element.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'pushStack': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Add a collection of DOM elements onto the jQuery stack.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="elements" type="Array">An array of elements to push onto the stack and make into a new jQuery object.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Add a collection of DOM elements onto the jQuery stack.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="elements" type="Array">An array of elements to push onto the stack and make into a new jQuery object.</param>
+    ///   <param name="name" type="String">The name of a jQuery method that generated the array of elements.</param>
+    ///   <param name="arguments" type="Array">The arguments that were passed in to the jQuery method (for serialization).</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'queue': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Manipulate the queue of functions to be executed, once for each matched element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="queueName" type="String">A string containing the name of the queue. Defaults to fx, the standard effects queue.</param>
+    ///   <param name="newQueue" type="Array">An array of functions to replace the current queue contents.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Manipulate the queue of functions to be executed, once for each matched element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="queueName" type="String">A string containing the name of the queue. Defaults to fx, the standard effects queue.</param>
+    ///   <param name="callback( next )" type="Function">The new function to add to the queue, with a function to call that will dequeue the next item.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'radio': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects all  elements of type radio.</summary>
+  },
+  'ready': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Specify a function to execute when the DOM is fully loaded.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler" type="Function">A function to execute after the DOM is ready.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'remove': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove the set of matched elements from the DOM.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A selector expression that filters the set of matched elements to be removed.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'removeAttr': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove an attribute from each element in the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="attributeName" type="String">An attribute to remove; as of version 1.7, it can be a space-separated list of attributes.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'removeClass': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove a single class, multiple classes, or all classes from each element in the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="className" type="String">One or more space-separated classes to be removed from the class attribute of each matched element.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove a single class, multiple classes, or all classes from each element in the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="function(index, class)" type="Function">A function returning one or more space-separated class names to be removed. Receives the index position of the element in the set and the old class value as arguments.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'removeData': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove a previously-stored piece of data.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="name" type="String">A string naming the piece of data to delete.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove a previously-stored piece of data.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="list" type="String">An array or space-separated string naming the pieces of data to delete.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'removeProp': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove a property for the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="propertyName" type="String">The name of the property to remove.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'replaceAll': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Replace each target element with the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="target" type="String">A selector expression indicating which element(s) to replace.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'replaceWith': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Replace each element in the set of matched elements with the provided new content and return the set of elements that was removed.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="newContent" type="jQuery">The content to insert. May be an HTML string, DOM element, or jQuery object.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Replace each element in the set of matched elements with the provided new content and return the set of elements that was removed.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="function" type="Function">A function that returns content with which to replace the set of matched elements.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'reset': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects all elements of type reset.</summary>
+  },
+  'resize': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "resize" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "resize" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="PlainObject">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'root': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Selects the element that is the root of the document.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="index" type="String">The index of each child to match, starting with 1, the string even or odd, or an equation ( eg. :nth-last-child(even), :nth-last-child(4n) )</param>
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'scroll': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "scroll" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "scroll" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="PlainObject">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'scrollLeft': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Set the current horizontal position of the scroll bar for each of the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="value" type="Number">An integer indicating the new position to set the scroll bar to.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'scrollTop': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Set the current vertical position of the scroll bar for each of the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="value" type="Number">An integer indicating the new position to set the scroll bar to.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'select': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "select" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "select" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="PlainObject">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'selected': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects all elements that are selected.</summary>
+  },
+  'selector': function() {
+    /// <summary>A selector representing selector originally passed to jQuery().</summary>
+    /// <returns type="String" />
+  },
+  'serialize': function() {
+    /// <summary>Encode a set of form elements as a string for submission.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="String" />
+  },
+  'serializeArray': function() {
+    /// <summary>Encode a set of form elements as an array of names and values.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Array" />
+  },
+  'show': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Display the matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="duration" type="">A string or number determining how long the animation will run.</param>
+    ///   <param name="complete" type="Function">A function to call once the animation is complete.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Display the matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="options" type="PlainObject">A map of additional options to pass to the method.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Display the matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="duration" type="">A string or number determining how long the animation will run.</param>
+    ///   <param name="easing" type="String">A string indicating which easing function to use for the transition.</param>
+    ///   <param name="complete" type="Function">A function to call once the animation is complete.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'siblings': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Get the siblings of each element in the set of matched elements, optionally filtered by a selector.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A string containing a selector expression to match elements against.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'size': function() {
+    /// <summary>Return the number of elements in the jQuery object.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Number" />
+  },
+  'slice': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Reduce the set of matched elements to a subset specified by a range of indices.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="start" type="Number">An integer indicating the 0-based position at which the elements begin to be selected. If negative, it indicates an offset from the end of the set.</param>
+    ///   <param name="end" type="Number">An integer indicating the 0-based position at which the elements stop being selected. If negative, it indicates an offset from the end of the set. If omitted, the range continues until the end of the set.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'slideDown': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Display the matched elements with a sliding motion.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="duration" type="">A string or number determining how long the animation will run.</param>
+    ///   <param name="complete" type="Function">A function to call once the animation is complete.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Display the matched elements with a sliding motion.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="options" type="PlainObject">A map of additional options to pass to the method.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Display the matched elements with a sliding motion.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="duration" type="">A string or number determining how long the animation will run.</param>
+    ///   <param name="easing" type="String">A string indicating which easing function to use for the transition.</param>
+    ///   <param name="complete" type="Function">A function to call once the animation is complete.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'slideToggle': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Display or hide the matched elements with a sliding motion.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="duration" type="">A string or number determining how long the animation will run.</param>
+    ///   <param name="complete" type="Function">A function to call once the animation is complete.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Display or hide the matched elements with a sliding motion.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="options" type="PlainObject">A map of additional options to pass to the method.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Display or hide the matched elements with a sliding motion.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="duration" type="">A string or number determining how long the animation will run.</param>
+    ///   <param name="easing" type="String">A string indicating which easing function to use for the transition.</param>
+    ///   <param name="complete" type="Function">A function to call once the animation is complete.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'slideUp': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Hide the matched elements with a sliding motion.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="duration" type="">A string or number determining how long the animation will run.</param>
+    ///   <param name="complete" type="Function">A function to call once the animation is complete.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Hide the matched elements with a sliding motion.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="options" type="PlainObject">A map of additional options to pass to the method.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Hide the matched elements with a sliding motion.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="duration" type="">A string or number determining how long the animation will run.</param>
+    ///   <param name="easing" type="String">A string indicating which easing function to use for the transition.</param>
+    ///   <param name="complete" type="Function">A function to call once the animation is complete.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'stop': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Stop the currently-running animation on the matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="clearQueue" type="Boolean">A Boolean indicating whether to remove queued animation as well. Defaults to false.</param>
+    ///   <param name="jumpToEnd" type="Boolean">A Boolean indicating whether to complete the current animation immediately. Defaults to false.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Stop the currently-running animation on the matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="queue" type="String">The name of the queue in which to stop animations.</param>
+    ///   <param name="clearQueue" type="Boolean">A Boolean indicating whether to remove queued animation as well. Defaults to false.</param>
+    ///   <param name="jumpToEnd" type="Boolean">A Boolean indicating whether to complete the current animation immediately. Defaults to false.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'submit': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "submit" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "submit" JavaScript event, or trigger that event on an element.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="PlainObject">An object containing data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'target': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects the target element indicated by the fragment identifier of the document's URI.</summary>
+  },
+  'text': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Set the content of each element in the set of matched elements to the specified text.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="textString" type="String">A string of text to set as the content of each matched element.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Set the content of each element in the set of matched elements to the specified text.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="function(index, text)" type="Function">A function returning the text content to set. Receives the index position of the element in the set and the old text value as arguments.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'toArray': function() {
+    /// <summary>Retrieve all the DOM elements contained in the jQuery set, as an array.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="Array" />
+  },
+  'toggle': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Display or hide the matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="duration" type="">A string or number determining how long the animation will run.</param>
+    ///   <param name="complete" type="Function">A function to call once the animation is complete.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Display or hide the matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="options" type="PlainObject">A map of additional options to pass to the method.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Display or hide the matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="duration" type="">A string or number determining how long the animation will run.</param>
+    ///   <param name="easing" type="String">A string indicating which easing function to use for the transition.</param>
+    ///   <param name="complete" type="Function">A function to call once the animation is complete.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Display or hide the matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="showOrHide" type="Boolean">A Boolean indicating whether to show or hide the elements.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'toggleClass': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Add or remove one or more classes from each element in the set of matched elements, depending on either the class's presence or the value of the switch argument.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="className" type="String">One or more class names (separated by spaces) to be toggled for each element in the matched set.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Add or remove one or more classes from each element in the set of matched elements, depending on either the class's presence or the value of the switch argument.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="className" type="String">One or more class names (separated by spaces) to be toggled for each element in the matched set.</param>
+    ///   <param name="switch" type="Boolean">A Boolean (not just truthy/falsy) value to determine whether the class should be added or removed.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Add or remove one or more classes from each element in the set of matched elements, depending on either the class's presence or the value of the switch argument.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="switch" type="Boolean">A boolean value to determine whether the class should be added or removed.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Add or remove one or more classes from each element in the set of matched elements, depending on either the class's presence or the value of the switch argument.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="function(index, class, switch)" type="Function">A function that returns class names to be toggled in the class attribute of each element in the matched set. Receives the index position of the element in the set, the old class value, and the switch as arguments.</param>
+    ///   <param name="switch" type="Boolean">A boolean value to determine whether the class should be added or removed.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'trigger': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Execute all handlers and behaviors attached to the matched elements for the given event type.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventType" type="String">A string containing a JavaScript event type, such as click or submit.</param>
+    ///   <param name="extraParameters" type="PlainObject">Additional parameters to pass along to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Execute all handlers and behaviors attached to the matched elements for the given event type.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="event" type="Event">A jQuery.Event object.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'triggerHandler': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Execute all handlers attached to an element for an event.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventType" type="String">A string containing a JavaScript event type, such as click or submit.</param>
+    ///   <param name="extraParameters" type="Array">An array of additional parameters to pass along to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="Object" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'unbind': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove a previously-attached event handler from the elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventType" type="String">A string containing a JavaScript event type, such as click or submit.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">The function that is to be no longer executed.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove a previously-attached event handler from the elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventType" type="String">A string containing a JavaScript event type, such as click or submit.</param>
+    ///   <param name="false" type="Boolean">Unbinds the corresponding 'return false' function that was bound using .bind( eventType, false ).</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove a previously-attached event handler from the elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="event" type="Object">A JavaScript event object as passed to an event handler.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'undelegate': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove a handler from the event for all elements which match the current selector, based upon a specific set of root elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A selector which will be used to filter the event results.</param>
+    ///   <param name="eventType" type="String">A string containing a JavaScript event type, such as "click" or "keydown"</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove a handler from the event for all elements which match the current selector, based upon a specific set of root elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A selector which will be used to filter the event results.</param>
+    ///   <param name="eventType" type="String">A string containing a JavaScript event type, such as "click" or "keydown"</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute at the time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove a handler from the event for all elements which match the current selector, based upon a specific set of root elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A selector which will be used to filter the event results.</param>
+    ///   <param name="events" type="PlainObject">An object of one or more event types and previously bound functions to unbind from them.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Remove a handler from the event for all elements which match the current selector, based upon a specific set of root elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="namespace" type="String">A string containing a namespace to unbind all events from.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'unload': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "unload" JavaScript event.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute when the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Bind an event handler to the "unload" JavaScript event.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="eventData" type="Object">A plain object of data that will be passed to the event handler.</param>
+    ///   <param name="handler(eventObject)" type="Function">A function to execute each time the event is triggered.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'unwrap': function() {
+    /// <summary>Remove the parents of the set of matched elements from the DOM, leaving the matched elements in their place.</summary>
+    /// <returns type="jQuery" />
+  },
+  'val': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Set the value of each element in the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="value" type="Array">A string of text or an array of strings corresponding to the value of each matched element to set as selected/checked.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Set the value of each element in the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="function(index, value)" type="Function">A function returning the value to set. this is the current element. Receives the index position of the element in the set and the old value as arguments.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'visible': function() {
+    /// <summary>Selects all elements that are visible.</summary>
+  },
+  'width': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Set the CSS width of each element in the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="value" type="Number">An integer representing the number of pixels, or an integer along with an optional unit of measure appended (as a string).</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Set the CSS width of each element in the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="function(index, width)" type="Function">A function returning the width to set. Receives the index position of the element in the set and the old width as arguments. Within the function, this refers to the current element in the set.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'wrap': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Wrap an HTML structure around each element in the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="wrappingElement" type="jQuery">An HTML snippet, selector expression, jQuery object, or DOM element specifying the structure to wrap around the matched elements.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Wrap an HTML structure around each element in the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="function(index)" type="Function">A callback function returning the HTML content or jQuery object to wrap around the matched elements. Receives the index position of the element in the set as an argument. Within the function, this refers to the current element in the set.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'wrapAll': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Wrap an HTML structure around all elements in the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="wrappingElement" type="jQuery">An HTML snippet, selector expression, jQuery object, or DOM element specifying the structure to wrap around the matched elements.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+  'wrapInner': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Wrap an HTML structure around the content of each element in the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="wrappingElement" type="String">An HTML snippet, selector expression, jQuery object, or DOM element specifying the structure to wrap around the content of the matched elements.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Wrap an HTML structure around the content of each element in the set of matched elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="function(index)" type="Function">A callback function which generates a structure to wrap around the content of the matched elements. Receives the index position of the element in the set as an argument. Within the function, this refers to the current element in the set.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+});
+
+intellisense.annotate(window, {
+  '$': function() {
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Accepts a string containing a CSS selector which is then used to match a set of elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="selector" type="String">A string containing a selector expression</param>
+    ///   <param name="context" type="jQuery">A DOM Element, Document, or jQuery to use as context</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Accepts a string containing a CSS selector which is then used to match a set of elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="element" type="Element">A DOM element to wrap in a jQuery object.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Accepts a string containing a CSS selector which is then used to match a set of elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="elementArray" type="Array">An array containing a set of DOM elements to wrap in a jQuery object.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Accepts a string containing a CSS selector which is then used to match a set of elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="object" type="PlainObject">A plain object to wrap in a jQuery object.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+    /// <signature>
+    ///   <summary>Accepts a string containing a CSS selector which is then used to match a set of elements.</summary>
+    ///   <param name="jQuery object" type="PlainObject">An existing jQuery object to clone.</param>
+    ///   <returns type="jQuery" />
+    /// </signature>
+  },
+});
+
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d3e121b8602e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9803 @@
+/* NUGET: BEGIN LICENSE TEXT
+ *
+ * Microsoft grants you the right to use these script files for the sole
+ * purpose of either: (i) interacting through your browser with the Microsoft
+ * website or online service, subject to the applicable licensing or use
+ * terms; or (ii) using the files as included with a Microsoft product subject
+ * to that product's license terms. Microsoft reserves all other rights to the
+ * files not expressly granted by Microsoft, whether by implication, estoppel
+ * or otherwise. Insofar as a script file is dual licensed under GPL,
+ * Microsoft neither took the code under GPL nor distributes it thereunder but
+ * under the terms set out in this paragraph. All notices and licenses
+ * below are for informational purposes only.
+ *
+ * NUGET: END LICENSE TEXT */
+/*!
+ * jQuery JavaScript Library v1.10.2
+ * http://jquery.com/
+ *
+ * Includes Sizzle.js
+ * http://sizzlejs.com/
+ *
+ * Copyright 2005, 2013 jQuery Foundation, Inc. and other contributors
+ * Released under the MIT license
+ * http://jquery.org/license
+ *
+ * Date: 2013-07-03T13:48Z
+ */
+(function( window, undefined ) {
+
+// Can't do this because several apps including ASP.NET trace
+// the stack via arguments.caller.callee and Firefox dies if
+// you try to trace through "use strict" call chains. (#13335)
+// Support: Firefox 18+
+//"use strict";
+var
+	// The deferred used on DOM ready
+	readyList,
+
+	// A central reference to the root jQuery(document)
+	rootjQuery,
+
+	// Support: IE<10
+	// For `typeof xmlNode.method` instead of `xmlNode.method !== undefined`
+	core_strundefined = typeof undefined,
+
+	// Use the correct document accordingly with window argument (sandbox)
+	location = window.location,
+	document = window.document,
+	docElem = document.documentElement,
+
+	// Map over jQuery in case of overwrite
+	_jQuery = window.jQuery,
+
+	// Map over the $ in case of overwrite
+	_$ = window.$,
+
+	// [[Class]] -> type pairs
+	class2type = {},
+
+	// List of deleted data cache ids, so we can reuse them
+	core_deletedIds = [],
+
+	core_version = "1.10.2",
+
+	// Save a reference to some core methods
+	core_concat = core_deletedIds.concat,
+	core_push = core_deletedIds.push,
+	core_slice = core_deletedIds.slice,
+	core_indexOf = core_deletedIds.indexOf,
+	core_toString = class2type.toString,
+	core_hasOwn = class2type.hasOwnProperty,
+	core_trim = core_version.trim,
+
+	// Define a local copy of jQuery
+	jQuery = function( selector, context ) {
+		// The jQuery object is actually just the init constructor 'enhanced'
+		return new jQuery.fn.init( selector, context, rootjQuery );
+	},
+
+	// Used for matching numbers
+	core_pnum = /[+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|)/.source,
+
+	// Used for splitting on whitespace
+	core_rnotwhite = /\S+/g,
+
+	// Make sure we trim BOM and NBSP (here's looking at you, Safari 5.0 and IE)
+	rtrim = /^[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+|[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+$/g,
+
+	// A simple way to check for HTML strings
+	// Prioritize #id over <tag> to avoid XSS via location.hash (#9521)
+	// Strict HTML recognition (#11290: must start with <)
+	rquickExpr = /^(?:\s*(<[\w\W]+>)[^>]*|#([\w-]*))$/,
+
+	// Match a standalone tag
+	rsingleTag = /^<(\w+)\s*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/,
+
+	// JSON RegExp
+	rvalidchars = /^[\],:{}\s]*$/,
+	rvalidbraces = /(?:^|:|,)(?:\s*\[)+/g,
+	rvalidescape = /\\(?:["\\\/bfnrt]|u[\da-fA-F]{4})/g,
+	rvalidtokens = /"[^"\\\r\n]*"|true|false|null|-?(?:\d+\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|)/g,
+
+	// Matches dashed string for camelizing
+	rmsPrefix = /^-ms-/,
+	rdashAlpha = /-([\da-z])/gi,
+
+	// Used by jQuery.camelCase as callback to replace()
+	fcamelCase = function( all, letter ) {
+		return letter.toUpperCase();
+	},
+
+	// The ready event handler
+	completed = function( event ) {
+
+		// readyState === "complete" is good enough for us to call the dom ready in oldIE
+		if ( document.addEventListener || event.type === "load" || document.readyState === "complete" ) {
+			detach();
+			jQuery.ready();
+		}
+	},
+	// Clean-up method for dom ready events
+	detach = function() {
+		if ( document.addEventListener ) {
+			document.removeEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed, false );
+			window.removeEventListener( "load", completed, false );
+
+		} else {
+			document.detachEvent( "onreadystatechange", completed );
+			window.detachEvent( "onload", completed );
+		}
+	};
+
+jQuery.fn = jQuery.prototype = {
+	// The current version of jQuery being used
+	jquery: core_version,
+
+	constructor: jQuery,
+	init: function( selector, context, rootjQuery ) {
+		var match, elem;
+
+		// HANDLE: $(""), $(null), $(undefined), $(false)
+		if ( !selector ) {
+			return this;
+		}
+
+		// Handle HTML strings
+		if ( typeof selector === "string" ) {
+			if ( selector.charAt(0) === "<" && selector.charAt( selector.length - 1 ) === ">" && selector.length >= 3 ) {
+				// Assume that strings that start and end with <> are HTML and skip the regex check
+				match = [ null, selector, null ];
+
+			} else {
+				match = rquickExpr.exec( selector );
+			}
+
+			// Match html or make sure no context is specified for #id
+			if ( match && (match[1] || !context) ) {
+
+				// HANDLE: $(html) -> $(array)
+				if ( match[1] ) {
+					context = context instanceof jQuery ? context[0] : context;
+
+					// scripts is true for back-compat
+					jQuery.merge( this, jQuery.parseHTML(
+						match[1],
+						context && context.nodeType ? context.ownerDocument || context : document,
+						true
+					) );
+
+					// HANDLE: $(html, props)
+					if ( rsingleTag.test( match[1] ) && jQuery.isPlainObject( context ) ) {
+						for ( match in context ) {
+							// Properties of context are called as methods if possible
+							if ( jQuery.isFunction( this[ match ] ) ) {
+								this[ match ]( context[ match ] );
+
+							// ...and otherwise set as attributes
+							} else {
+								this.attr( match, context[ match ] );
+							}
+						}
+					}
+
+					return this;
+
+				// HANDLE: $(#id)
+				} else {
+					elem = document.getElementById( match[2] );
+
+					// Check parentNode to catch when Blackberry 4.6 returns
+					// nodes that are no longer in the document #6963
+					if ( elem && elem.parentNode ) {
+						// Handle the case where IE and Opera return items
+						// by name instead of ID
+						if ( elem.id !== match[2] ) {
+							return rootjQuery.find( selector );
+						}
+
+						// Otherwise, we inject the element directly into the jQuery object
+						this.length = 1;
+						this[0] = elem;
+					}
+
+					this.context = document;
+					this.selector = selector;
+					return this;
+				}
+
+			// HANDLE: $(expr, $(...))
+			} else if ( !context || context.jquery ) {
+				return ( context || rootjQuery ).find( selector );
+
+			// HANDLE: $(expr, context)
+			// (which is just equivalent to: $(context).find(expr)
+			} else {
+				return this.constructor( context ).find( selector );
+			}
+
+		// HANDLE: $(DOMElement)
+		} else if ( selector.nodeType ) {
+			this.context = this[0] = selector;
+			this.length = 1;
+			return this;
+
+		// HANDLE: $(function)
+		// Shortcut for document ready
+		} else if ( jQuery.isFunction( selector ) ) {
+			return rootjQuery.ready( selector );
+		}
+
+		if ( selector.selector !== undefined ) {
+			this.selector = selector.selector;
+			this.context = selector.context;
+		}
+
+		return jQuery.makeArray( selector, this );
+	},
+
+	// Start with an empty selector
+	selector: "",
+
+	// The default length of a jQuery object is 0
+	length: 0,
+
+	toArray: function() {
+		return core_slice.call( this );
+	},
+
+	// Get the Nth element in the matched element set OR
+	// Get the whole matched element set as a clean array
+	get: function( num ) {
+		return num == null ?
+
+			// Return a 'clean' array
+			this.toArray() :
+
+			// Return just the object
+			( num < 0 ? this[ this.length + num ] : this[ num ] );
+	},
+
+	// Take an array of elements and push it onto the stack
+	// (returning the new matched element set)
+	pushStack: function( elems ) {
+
+		// Build a new jQuery matched element set
+		var ret = jQuery.merge( this.constructor(), elems );
+
+		// Add the old object onto the stack (as a reference)
+		ret.prevObject = this;
+		ret.context = this.context;
+
+		// Return the newly-formed element set
+		return ret;
+	},
+
+	// Execute a callback for every element in the matched set.
+	// (You can seed the arguments with an array of args, but this is
+	// only used internally.)
+	each: function( callback, args ) {
+		return jQuery.each( this, callback, args );
+	},
+
+	ready: function( fn ) {
+		// Add the callback
+		jQuery.ready.promise().done( fn );
+
+		return this;
+	},
+
+	slice: function() {
+		return this.pushStack( core_slice.apply( this, arguments ) );
+	},
+
+	first: function() {
+		return this.eq( 0 );
+	},
+
+	last: function() {
+		return this.eq( -1 );
+	},
+
+	eq: function( i ) {
+		var len = this.length,
+			j = +i + ( i < 0 ? len : 0 );
+		return this.pushStack( j >= 0 && j < len ? [ this[j] ] : [] );
+	},
+
+	map: function( callback ) {
+		return this.pushStack( jQuery.map(this, function( elem, i ) {
+			return callback.call( elem, i, elem );
+		}));
+	},
+
+	end: function() {
+		return this.prevObject || this.constructor(null);
+	},
+
+	// For internal use only.
+	// Behaves like an Array's method, not like a jQuery method.
+	push: core_push,
+	sort: [].sort,
+	splice: [].splice
+};
+
+// Give the init function the jQuery prototype for later instantiation
+jQuery.fn.init.prototype = jQuery.fn;
+
+jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() {
+	var src, copyIsArray, copy, name, options, clone,
+		target = arguments[0] || {},
+		i = 1,
+		length = arguments.length,
+		deep = false;
+
+	// Handle a deep copy situation
+	if ( typeof target === "boolean" ) {
+		deep = target;
+		target = arguments[1] || {};
+		// skip the boolean and the target
+		i = 2;
+	}
+
+	// Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy)
+	if ( typeof target !== "object" && !jQuery.isFunction(target) ) {
+		target = {};
+	}
+
+	// extend jQuery itself if only one argument is passed
+	if ( length === i ) {
+		target = this;
+		--i;
+	}
+
+	for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
+		// Only deal with non-null/undefined values
+		if ( (options = arguments[ i ]) != null ) {
+			// Extend the base object
+			for ( name in options ) {
+				src = target[ name ];
+				copy = options[ name ];
+
+				// Prevent never-ending loop
+				if ( target === copy ) {
+					continue;
+				}
+
+				// Recurse if we're merging plain objects or arrays
+				if ( deep && copy && ( jQuery.isPlainObject(copy) || (copyIsArray = jQuery.isArray(copy)) ) ) {
+					if ( copyIsArray ) {
+						copyIsArray = false;
+						clone = src && jQuery.isArray(src) ? src : [];
+
+					} else {
+						clone = src && jQuery.isPlainObject(src) ? src : {};
+					}
+
+					// Never move original objects, clone them
+					target[ name ] = jQuery.extend( deep, clone, copy );
+
+				// Don't bring in undefined values
+				} else if ( copy !== undefined ) {
+					target[ name ] = copy;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Return the modified object
+	return target;
+};
+
+jQuery.extend({
+	// Unique for each copy of jQuery on the page
+	// Non-digits removed to match rinlinejQuery
+	expando: "jQuery" + ( core_version + Math.random() ).replace( /\D/g, "" ),
+
+	noConflict: function( deep ) {
+		if ( window.$ === jQuery ) {
+			window.$ = _$;
+		}
+
+		if ( deep && window.jQuery === jQuery ) {
+			window.jQuery = _jQuery;
+		}
+
+		return jQuery;
+	},
+
+	// Is the DOM ready to be used? Set to true once it occurs.
+	isReady: false,
+
+	// A counter to track how many items to wait for before
+	// the ready event fires. See #6781
+	readyWait: 1,
+
+	// Hold (or release) the ready event
+	holdReady: function( hold ) {
+		if ( hold ) {
+			jQuery.readyWait++;
+		} else {
+			jQuery.ready( true );
+		}
+	},
+
+	// Handle when the DOM is ready
+	ready: function( wait ) {
+
+		// Abort if there are pending holds or we're already ready
+		if ( wait === true ? --jQuery.readyWait : jQuery.isReady ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Make sure body exists, at least, in case IE gets a little overzealous (ticket #5443).
+		if ( !document.body ) {
+			return setTimeout( jQuery.ready );
+		}
+
+		// Remember that the DOM is ready
+		jQuery.isReady = true;
+
+		// If a normal DOM Ready event fired, decrement, and wait if need be
+		if ( wait !== true && --jQuery.readyWait > 0 ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// If there are functions bound, to execute
+		readyList.resolveWith( document, [ jQuery ] );
+
+		// Trigger any bound ready events
+		if ( jQuery.fn.trigger ) {
+			jQuery( document ).trigger("ready").off("ready");
+		}
+	},
+
+	// See test/unit/core.js for details concerning isFunction.
+	// Since version 1.3, DOM methods and functions like alert
+	// aren't supported. They return false on IE (#2968).
+	isFunction: function( obj ) {
+		return jQuery.type(obj) === "function";
+	},
+
+	isArray: Array.isArray || function( obj ) {
+		return jQuery.type(obj) === "array";
+	},
+
+	isWindow: function( obj ) {
+		/* jshint eqeqeq: false */
+		return obj != null && obj == obj.window;
+	},
+
+	isNumeric: function( obj ) {
+		return !isNaN( parseFloat(obj) ) && isFinite( obj );
+	},
+
+	type: function( obj ) {
+		if ( obj == null ) {
+			return String( obj );
+		}
+		return typeof obj === "object" || typeof obj === "function" ?
+			class2type[ core_toString.call(obj) ] || "object" :
+			typeof obj;
+	},
+
+	isPlainObject: function( obj ) {
+		var key;
+
+		// Must be an Object.
+		// Because of IE, we also have to check the presence of the constructor property.
+		// Make sure that DOM nodes and window objects don't pass through, as well
+		if ( !obj || jQuery.type(obj) !== "object" || obj.nodeType || jQuery.isWindow( obj ) ) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		try {
+			// Not own constructor property must be Object
+			if ( obj.constructor &&
+				!core_hasOwn.call(obj, "constructor") &&
+				!core_hasOwn.call(obj.constructor.prototype, "isPrototypeOf") ) {
+				return false;
+			}
+		} catch ( e ) {
+			// IE8,9 Will throw exceptions on certain host objects #9897
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		// Support: IE<9
+		// Handle iteration over inherited properties before own properties.
+		if ( jQuery.support.ownLast ) {
+			for ( key in obj ) {
+				return core_hasOwn.call( obj, key );
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Own properties are enumerated firstly, so to speed up,
+		// if last one is own, then all properties are own.
+		for ( key in obj ) {}
+
+		return key === undefined || core_hasOwn.call( obj, key );
+	},
+
+	isEmptyObject: function( obj ) {
+		var name;
+		for ( name in obj ) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		return true;
+	},
+
+	error: function( msg ) {
+		throw new Error( msg );
+	},
+
+	// data: string of html
+	// context (optional): If specified, the fragment will be created in this context, defaults to document
+	// keepScripts (optional): If true, will include scripts passed in the html string
+	parseHTML: function( data, context, keepScripts ) {
+		if ( !data || typeof data !== "string" ) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		if ( typeof context === "boolean" ) {
+			keepScripts = context;
+			context = false;
+		}
+		context = context || document;
+
+		var parsed = rsingleTag.exec( data ),
+			scripts = !keepScripts && [];
+
+		// Single tag
+		if ( parsed ) {
+			return [ context.createElement( parsed[1] ) ];
+		}
+
+		parsed = jQuery.buildFragment( [ data ], context, scripts );
+		if ( scripts ) {
+			jQuery( scripts ).remove();
+		}
+		return jQuery.merge( [], parsed.childNodes );
+	},
+
+	parseJSON: function( data ) {
+		// Attempt to parse using the native JSON parser first
+		if ( window.JSON && window.JSON.parse ) {
+			return window.JSON.parse( data );
+		}
+
+		if ( data === null ) {
+			return data;
+		}
+
+		if ( typeof data === "string" ) {
+
+			// Make sure leading/trailing whitespace is removed (IE can't handle it)
+			data = jQuery.trim( data );
+
+			if ( data ) {
+				// Make sure the incoming data is actual JSON
+				// Logic borrowed from http://json.org/json2.js
+				if ( rvalidchars.test( data.replace( rvalidescape, "@" )
+					.replace( rvalidtokens, "]" )
+					.replace( rvalidbraces, "")) ) {
+
+					return ( new Function( "return " + data ) )();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		jQuery.error( "Invalid JSON: " + data );
+	},
+
+	// Cross-browser xml parsing
+	parseXML: function( data ) {
+		var xml, tmp;
+		if ( !data || typeof data !== "string" ) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		try {
+			if ( window.DOMParser ) { // Standard
+				tmp = new DOMParser();
+				xml = tmp.parseFromString( data , "text/xml" );
+			} else { // IE
+				xml = new ActiveXObject( "Microsoft.XMLDOM" );
+				xml.async = "false";
+				xml.loadXML( data );
+			}
+		} catch( e ) {
+			xml = undefined;
+		}
+		if ( !xml || !xml.documentElement || xml.getElementsByTagName( "parsererror" ).length ) {
+			jQuery.error( "Invalid XML: " + data );
+		}
+		return xml;
+	},
+
+	noop: function() {},
+
+	// Evaluates a script in a global context
+	// Workarounds based on findings by Jim Driscoll
+	// http://weblogs.java.net/blog/driscoll/archive/2009/09/08/eval-javascript-global-context
+	globalEval: function( data ) {
+		if ( data && jQuery.trim( data ) ) {
+			// We use execScript on Internet Explorer
+			// We use an anonymous function so that context is window
+			// rather than jQuery in Firefox
+			( window.execScript || function( data ) {
+				window[ "eval" ].call( window, data );
+			} )( data );
+		}
+	},
+
+	// Convert dashed to camelCase; used by the css and data modules
+	// Microsoft forgot to hump their vendor prefix (#9572)
+	camelCase: function( string ) {
+		return string.replace( rmsPrefix, "ms-" ).replace( rdashAlpha, fcamelCase );
+	},
+
+	nodeName: function( elem, name ) {
+		return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase();
+	},
+
+	// args is for internal usage only
+	each: function( obj, callback, args ) {
+		var value,
+			i = 0,
+			length = obj.length,
+			isArray = isArraylike( obj );
+
+		if ( args ) {
+			if ( isArray ) {
+				for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
+					value = callback.apply( obj[ i ], args );
+
+					if ( value === false ) {
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				for ( i in obj ) {
+					value = callback.apply( obj[ i ], args );
+
+					if ( value === false ) {
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+		// A special, fast, case for the most common use of each
+		} else {
+			if ( isArray ) {
+				for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
+					value = callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] );
+
+					if ( value === false ) {
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				for ( i in obj ) {
+					value = callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] );
+
+					if ( value === false ) {
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return obj;
+	},
+
+	// Use native String.trim function wherever possible
+	trim: core_trim && !core_trim.call("\uFEFF\xA0") ?
+		function( text ) {
+			return text == null ?
+				"" :
+				core_trim.call( text );
+		} :
+
+		// Otherwise use our own trimming functionality
+		function( text ) {
+			return text == null ?
+				"" :
+				( text + "" ).replace( rtrim, "" );
+		},
+
+	// results is for internal usage only
+	makeArray: function( arr, results ) {
+		var ret = results || [];
+
+		if ( arr != null ) {
+			if ( isArraylike( Object(arr) ) ) {
+				jQuery.merge( ret,
+					typeof arr === "string" ?
+					[ arr ] : arr
+				);
+			} else {
+				core_push.call( ret, arr );
+			}
+		}
+
+		return ret;
+	},
+
+	inArray: function( elem, arr, i ) {
+		var len;
+
+		if ( arr ) {
+			if ( core_indexOf ) {
+				return core_indexOf.call( arr, elem, i );
+			}
+
+			len = arr.length;
+			i = i ? i < 0 ? Math.max( 0, len + i ) : i : 0;
+
+			for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
+				// Skip accessing in sparse arrays
+				if ( i in arr && arr[ i ] === elem ) {
+					return i;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return -1;
+	},
+
+	merge: function( first, second ) {
+		var l = second.length,
+			i = first.length,
+			j = 0;
+
+		if ( typeof l === "number" ) {
+			for ( ; j < l; j++ ) {
+				first[ i++ ] = second[ j ];
+			}
+		} else {
+			while ( second[j] !== undefined ) {
+				first[ i++ ] = second[ j++ ];
+			}
+		}
+
+		first.length = i;
+
+		return first;
+	},
+
+	grep: function( elems, callback, inv ) {
+		var retVal,
+			ret = [],
+			i = 0,
+			length = elems.length;
+		inv = !!inv;
+
+		// Go through the array, only saving the items
+		// that pass the validator function
+		for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
+			retVal = !!callback( elems[ i ], i );
+			if ( inv !== retVal ) {
+				ret.push( elems[ i ] );
+			}
+		}
+
+		return ret;
+	},
+
+	// arg is for internal usage only
+	map: function( elems, callback, arg ) {
+		var value,
+			i = 0,
+			length = elems.length,
+			isArray = isArraylike( elems ),
+			ret = [];
+
+		// Go through the array, translating each of the items to their
+		if ( isArray ) {
+			for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
+				value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg );
+
+				if ( value != null ) {
+					ret[ ret.length ] = value;
+				}
+			}
+
+		// Go through every key on the object,
+		} else {
+			for ( i in elems ) {
+				value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg );
+
+				if ( value != null ) {
+					ret[ ret.length ] = value;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Flatten any nested arrays
+		return core_concat.apply( [], ret );
+	},
+
+	// A global GUID counter for objects
+	guid: 1,
+
+	// Bind a function to a context, optionally partially applying any
+	// arguments.
+	proxy: function( fn, context ) {
+		var args, proxy, tmp;
+
+		if ( typeof context === "string" ) {
+			tmp = fn[ context ];
+			context = fn;
+			fn = tmp;
+		}
+
+		// Quick check to determine if target is callable, in the spec
+		// this throws a TypeError, but we will just return undefined.
+		if ( !jQuery.isFunction( fn ) ) {
+			return undefined;
+		}
+
+		// Simulated bind
+		args = core_slice.call( arguments, 2 );
+		proxy = function() {
+			return fn.apply( context || this, args.concat( core_slice.call( arguments ) ) );
+		};
+
+		// Set the guid of unique handler to the same of original handler, so it can be removed
+		proxy.guid = fn.guid = fn.guid || jQuery.guid++;
+
+		return proxy;
+	},
+
+	// Multifunctional method to get and set values of a collection
+	// The value/s can optionally be executed if it's a function
+	access: function( elems, fn, key, value, chainable, emptyGet, raw ) {
+		var i = 0,
+			length = elems.length,
+			bulk = key == null;
+
+		// Sets many values
+		if ( jQuery.type( key ) === "object" ) {
+			chainable = true;
+			for ( i in key ) {
+				jQuery.access( elems, fn, i, key[i], true, emptyGet, raw );
+			}
+
+		// Sets one value
+		} else if ( value !== undefined ) {
+			chainable = true;
+
+			if ( !jQuery.isFunction( value ) ) {
+				raw = true;
+			}
+
+			if ( bulk ) {
+				// Bulk operations run against the entire set
+				if ( raw ) {
+					fn.call( elems, value );
+					fn = null;
+
+				// ...except when executing function values
+				} else {
+					bulk = fn;
+					fn = function( elem, key, value ) {
+						return bulk.call( jQuery( elem ), value );
+					};
+				}
+			}
+
+			if ( fn ) {
+				for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
+					fn( elems[i], key, raw ? value : value.call( elems[i], i, fn( elems[i], key ) ) );
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return chainable ?
+			elems :
+
+			// Gets
+			bulk ?
+				fn.call( elems ) :
+				length ? fn( elems[0], key ) : emptyGet;
+	},
+
+	now: function() {
+		return ( new Date() ).getTime();
+	},
+
+	// A method for quickly swapping in/out CSS properties to get correct calculations.
+	// Note: this method belongs to the css module but it's needed here for the support module.
+	// If support gets modularized, this method should be moved back to the css module.
+	swap: function( elem, options, callback, args ) {
+		var ret, name,
+			old = {};
+
+		// Remember the old values, and insert the new ones
+		for ( name in options ) {
+			old[ name ] = elem.style[ name ];
+			elem.style[ name ] = options[ name ];
+		}
+
+		ret = callback.apply( elem, args || [] );
+
+		// Revert the old values
+		for ( name in options ) {
+			elem.style[ name ] = old[ name ];
+		}
+
+		return ret;
+	}
+});
+
+jQuery.ready.promise = function( obj ) {
+	if ( !readyList ) {
+
+		readyList = jQuery.Deferred();
+
+		// Catch cases where $(document).ready() is called after the browser event has already occurred.
+		// we once tried to use readyState "interactive" here, but it caused issues like the one
+		// discovered by ChrisS here: http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/12282#comment:15
+		if ( document.readyState === "complete" ) {
+			// Handle it asynchronously to allow scripts the opportunity to delay ready
+			setTimeout( jQuery.ready );
+
+		// Standards-based browsers support DOMContentLoaded
+		} else if ( document.addEventListener ) {
+			// Use the handy event callback
+			document.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed, false );
+
+			// A fallback to window.onload, that will always work
+			window.addEventListener( "load", completed, false );
+
+		// If IE event model is used
+		} else {
+			// Ensure firing before onload, maybe late but safe also for iframes
+			document.attachEvent( "onreadystatechange", completed );
+
+			// A fallback to window.onload, that will always work
+			window.attachEvent( "onload", completed );
+
+			// If IE and not a frame
+			// continually check to see if the document is ready
+			var top = false;
+
+			try {
+				top = window.frameElement == null && document.documentElement;
+			} catch(e) {}
+
+			if ( top && top.doScroll ) {
+				(function doScrollCheck() {
+					if ( !jQuery.isReady ) {
+
+						try {
+							// Use the trick by Diego Perini
+							// http://javascript.nwbox.com/IEContentLoaded/
+							top.doScroll("left");
+						} catch(e) {
+							return setTimeout( doScrollCheck, 50 );
+						}
+
+						// detach all dom ready events
+						detach();
+
+						// and execute any waiting functions
+						jQuery.ready();
+					}
+				})();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return readyList.promise( obj );
+};
+
+// Populate the class2type map
+jQuery.each("Boolean Number String Function Array Date RegExp Object Error".split(" "), function(i, name) {
+	class2type[ "[object " + name + "]" ] = name.toLowerCase();
+});
+
+function isArraylike( obj ) {
+	var length = obj.length,
+		type = jQuery.type( obj );
+
+	if ( jQuery.isWindow( obj ) ) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if ( obj.nodeType === 1 && length ) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	return type === "array" || type !== "function" &&
+		( length === 0 ||
+		typeof length === "number" && length > 0 && ( length - 1 ) in obj );
+}
+
+// All jQuery objects should point back to these
+rootjQuery = jQuery(document);
+/*!
+ * Sizzle CSS Selector Engine v1.10.2
+ * http://sizzlejs.com/
+ *
+ * Copyright 2013 jQuery Foundation, Inc. and other contributors
+ * Released under the MIT license
+ * http://jquery.org/license
+ *
+ * Date: 2013-07-03
+ */
+(function( window, undefined ) {
+
+var i,
+	support,
+	cachedruns,
+	Expr,
+	getText,
+	isXML,
+	compile,
+	outermostContext,
+	sortInput,
+
+	// Local document vars
+	setDocument,
+	document,
+	docElem,
+	documentIsHTML,
+	rbuggyQSA,
+	rbuggyMatches,
+	matches,
+	contains,
+
+	// Instance-specific data
+	expando = "sizzle" + -(new Date()),
+	preferredDoc = window.document,
+	dirruns = 0,
+	done = 0,
+	classCache = createCache(),
+	tokenCache = createCache(),
+	compilerCache = createCache(),
+	hasDuplicate = false,
+	sortOrder = function( a, b ) {
+		if ( a === b ) {
+			hasDuplicate = true;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	},
+
+	// General-purpose constants
+	strundefined = typeof undefined,
+	MAX_NEGATIVE = 1 << 31,
+
+	// Instance methods
+	hasOwn = ({}).hasOwnProperty,
+	arr = [],
+	pop = arr.pop,
+	push_native = arr.push,
+	push = arr.push,
+	slice = arr.slice,
+	// Use a stripped-down indexOf if we can't use a native one
+	indexOf = arr.indexOf || function( elem ) {
+		var i = 0,
+			len = this.length;
+		for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
+			if ( this[i] === elem ) {
+				return i;
+			}
+		}
+		return -1;
+	},
+
+	booleans = "checked|selected|async|autofocus|autoplay|controls|defer|disabled|hidden|ismap|loop|multiple|open|readonly|required|scoped",
+
+	// Regular expressions
+
+	// Whitespace characters http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#whitespace
+	whitespace = "[\\x20\\t\\r\\n\\f]",
+	// http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-syntax/#characters
+	characterEncoding = "(?:\\\\.|[\\w-]|[^\\x00-\\xa0])+",
+
+	// Loosely modeled on CSS identifier characters
+	// An unquoted value should be a CSS identifier http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#attribute-selectors
+	// Proper syntax: http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#value-def-identifier
+	identifier = characterEncoding.replace( "w", "w#" ),
+
+	// Acceptable operators http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#attribute-selectors
+	attributes = "\\[" + whitespace + "*(" + characterEncoding + ")" + whitespace +
+		"*(?:([*^$|!~]?=)" + whitespace + "*(?:(['\"])((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\])*?)\\3|(" + identifier + ")|)|)" + whitespace + "*\\]",
+
+	// Prefer arguments quoted,
+	//   then not containing pseudos/brackets,
+	//   then attribute selectors/non-parenthetical expressions,
+	//   then anything else
+	// These preferences are here to reduce the number of selectors
+	//   needing tokenize in the PSEUDO preFilter
+	pseudos = ":(" + characterEncoding + ")(?:\\(((['\"])((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\])*?)\\3|((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\()[\\]]|" + attributes.replace( 3, 8 ) + ")*)|.*)\\)|)",
+
+	// Leading and non-escaped trailing whitespace, capturing some non-whitespace characters preceding the latter
+	rtrim = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "+|((?:^|[^\\\\])(?:\\\\.)*)" + whitespace + "+$", "g" ),
+
+	rcomma = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*," + whitespace + "*" ),
+	rcombinators = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*([>+~]|" + whitespace + ")" + whitespace + "*" ),
+
+	rsibling = new RegExp( whitespace + "*[+~]" ),
+	rattributeQuotes = new RegExp( "=" + whitespace + "*([^\\]'\"]*)" + whitespace + "*\\]", "g" ),
+
+	rpseudo = new RegExp( pseudos ),
+	ridentifier = new RegExp( "^" + identifier + "$" ),
+
+	matchExpr = {
+		"ID": new RegExp( "^#(" + characterEncoding + ")" ),
+		"CLASS": new RegExp( "^\\.(" + characterEncoding + ")" ),
+		"TAG": new RegExp( "^(" + characterEncoding.replace( "w", "w*" ) + ")" ),
+		"ATTR": new RegExp( "^" + attributes ),
+		"PSEUDO": new RegExp( "^" + pseudos ),
+		"CHILD": new RegExp( "^:(only|first|last|nth|nth-last)-(child|of-type)(?:\\(" + whitespace +
+			"*(even|odd|(([+-]|)(\\d*)n|)" + whitespace + "*(?:([+-]|)" + whitespace +
+			"*(\\d+)|))" + whitespace + "*\\)|)", "i" ),
+		"bool": new RegExp( "^(?:" + booleans + ")$", "i" ),
+		// For use in libraries implementing .is()
+		// We use this for POS matching in `select`
+		"needsContext": new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*[>+~]|:(even|odd|eq|gt|lt|nth|first|last)(?:\\(" +
+			whitespace + "*((?:-\\d)?\\d*)" + whitespace + "*\\)|)(?=[^-]|$)", "i" )
+	},
+
+	rnative = /^[^{]+\{\s*\[native \w/,
+
+	// Easily-parseable/retrievable ID or TAG or CLASS selectors
+	rquickExpr = /^(?:#([\w-]+)|(\w+)|\.([\w-]+))$/,
+
+	rinputs = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i,
+	rheader = /^h\d$/i,
+
+	rescape = /'|\\/g,
+
+	// CSS escapes http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#escaped-characters
+	runescape = new RegExp( "\\\\([\\da-f]{1,6}" + whitespace + "?|(" + whitespace + ")|.)", "ig" ),
+	funescape = function( _, escaped, escapedWhitespace ) {
+		var high = "0x" + escaped - 0x10000;
+		// NaN means non-codepoint
+		// Support: Firefox
+		// Workaround erroneous numeric interpretation of +"0x"
+		return high !== high || escapedWhitespace ?
+			escaped :
+			// BMP codepoint
+			high < 0 ?
+				String.fromCharCode( high + 0x10000 ) :
+				// Supplemental Plane codepoint (surrogate pair)
+				String.fromCharCode( high >> 10 | 0xD800, high & 0x3FF | 0xDC00 );
+	};
+
+// Optimize for push.apply( _, NodeList )
+try {
+	push.apply(
+		(arr = slice.call( preferredDoc.childNodes )),
+		preferredDoc.childNodes
+	);
+	// Support: Android<4.0
+	// Detect silently failing push.apply
+	arr[ preferredDoc.childNodes.length ].nodeType;
+} catch ( e ) {
+	push = { apply: arr.length ?
+
+		// Leverage slice if possible
+		function( target, els ) {
+			push_native.apply( target, slice.call(els) );
+		} :
+
+		// Support: IE<9
+		// Otherwise append directly
+		function( target, els ) {
+			var j = target.length,
+				i = 0;
+			// Can't trust NodeList.length
+			while ( (target[j++] = els[i++]) ) {}
+			target.length = j - 1;
+		}
+	};
+}
+
+function Sizzle( selector, context, results, seed ) {
+	var match, elem, m, nodeType,
+		// QSA vars
+		i, groups, old, nid, newContext, newSelector;
+
+	if ( ( context ? context.ownerDocument || context : preferredDoc ) !== document ) {
+		setDocument( context );
+	}
+
+	context = context || document;
+	results = results || [];
+
+	if ( !selector || typeof selector !== "string" ) {
+		return results;
+	}
+
+	if ( (nodeType = context.nodeType) !== 1 && nodeType !== 9 ) {
+		return [];
+	}
+
+	if ( documentIsHTML && !seed ) {
+
+		// Shortcuts
+		if ( (match = rquickExpr.exec( selector )) ) {
+			// Speed-up: Sizzle("#ID")
+			if ( (m = match[1]) ) {
+				if ( nodeType === 9 ) {
+					elem = context.getElementById( m );
+					// Check parentNode to catch when Blackberry 4.6 returns
+					// nodes that are no longer in the document #6963
+					if ( elem && elem.parentNode ) {
+						// Handle the case where IE, Opera, and Webkit return items
+						// by name instead of ID
+						if ( elem.id === m ) {
+							results.push( elem );
+							return results;
+						}
+					} else {
+						return results;
+					}
+				} else {
+					// Context is not a document
+					if ( context.ownerDocument && (elem = context.ownerDocument.getElementById( m )) &&
+						contains( context, elem ) && elem.id === m ) {
+						results.push( elem );
+						return results;
+					}
+				}
+
+			// Speed-up: Sizzle("TAG")
+			} else if ( match[2] ) {
+				push.apply( results, context.getElementsByTagName( selector ) );
+				return results;
+
+			// Speed-up: Sizzle(".CLASS")
+			} else if ( (m = match[3]) && support.getElementsByClassName && context.getElementsByClassName ) {
+				push.apply( results, context.getElementsByClassName( m ) );
+				return results;
+			}
+		}
+
+		// QSA path
+		if ( support.qsa && (!rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( selector )) ) {
+			nid = old = expando;
+			newContext = context;
+			newSelector = nodeType === 9 && selector;
+
+			// qSA works strangely on Element-rooted queries
+			// We can work around this by specifying an extra ID on the root
+			// and working up from there (Thanks to Andrew Dupont for the technique)
+			// IE 8 doesn't work on object elements
+			if ( nodeType === 1 && context.nodeName.toLowerCase() !== "object" ) {
+				groups = tokenize( selector );
+
+				if ( (old = context.getAttribute("id")) ) {
+					nid = old.replace( rescape, "\\$&" );
+				} else {
+					context.setAttribute( "id", nid );
+				}
+				nid = "[id='" + nid + "'] ";
+
+				i = groups.length;
+				while ( i-- ) {
+					groups[i] = nid + toSelector( groups[i] );
+				}
+				newContext = rsibling.test( selector ) && context.parentNode || context;
+				newSelector = groups.join(",");
+			}
+
+			if ( newSelector ) {
+				try {
+					push.apply( results,
+						newContext.querySelectorAll( newSelector )
+					);
+					return results;
+				} catch(qsaError) {
+				} finally {
+					if ( !old ) {
+						context.removeAttribute("id");
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// All others
+	return select( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ), context, results, seed );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create key-value caches of limited size
+ * @returns {Function(string, Object)} Returns the Object data after storing it on itself with
+ *	property name the (space-suffixed) string and (if the cache is larger than Expr.cacheLength)
+ *	deleting the oldest entry
+ */
+function createCache() {
+	var keys = [];
+
+	function cache( key, value ) {
+		// Use (key + " ") to avoid collision with native prototype properties (see Issue #157)
+		if ( keys.push( key += " " ) > Expr.cacheLength ) {
+			// Only keep the most recent entries
+			delete cache[ keys.shift() ];
+		}
+		return (cache[ key ] = value);
+	}
+	return cache;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Mark a function for special use by Sizzle
+ * @param {Function} fn The function to mark
+ */
+function markFunction( fn ) {
+	fn[ expando ] = true;
+	return fn;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Support testing using an element
+ * @param {Function} fn Passed the created div and expects a boolean result
+ */
+function assert( fn ) {
+	var div = document.createElement("div");
+
+	try {
+		return !!fn( div );
+	} catch (e) {
+		return false;
+	} finally {
+		// Remove from its parent by default
+		if ( div.parentNode ) {
+			div.parentNode.removeChild( div );
+		}
+		// release memory in IE
+		div = null;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Adds the same handler for all of the specified attrs
+ * @param {String} attrs Pipe-separated list of attributes
+ * @param {Function} handler The method that will be applied
+ */
+function addHandle( attrs, handler ) {
+	var arr = attrs.split("|"),
+		i = attrs.length;
+
+	while ( i-- ) {
+		Expr.attrHandle[ arr[i] ] = handler;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks document order of two siblings
+ * @param {Element} a
+ * @param {Element} b
+ * @returns {Number} Returns less than 0 if a precedes b, greater than 0 if a follows b
+ */
+function siblingCheck( a, b ) {
+	var cur = b && a,
+		diff = cur && a.nodeType === 1 && b.nodeType === 1 &&
+			( ~b.sourceIndex || MAX_NEGATIVE ) -
+			( ~a.sourceIndex || MAX_NEGATIVE );
+
+	// Use IE sourceIndex if available on both nodes
+	if ( diff ) {
+		return diff;
+	}
+
+	// Check if b follows a
+	if ( cur ) {
+		while ( (cur = cur.nextSibling) ) {
+			if ( cur === b ) {
+				return -1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return a ? 1 : -1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns a function to use in pseudos for input types
+ * @param {String} type
+ */
+function createInputPseudo( type ) {
+	return function( elem ) {
+		var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase();
+		return name === "input" && elem.type === type;
+	};
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns a function to use in pseudos for buttons
+ * @param {String} type
+ */
+function createButtonPseudo( type ) {
+	return function( elem ) {
+		var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase();
+		return (name === "input" || name === "button") && elem.type === type;
+	};
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns a function to use in pseudos for positionals
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ */
+function createPositionalPseudo( fn ) {
+	return markFunction(function( argument ) {
+		argument = +argument;
+		return markFunction(function( seed, matches ) {
+			var j,
+				matchIndexes = fn( [], seed.length, argument ),
+				i = matchIndexes.length;
+
+			// Match elements found at the specified indexes
+			while ( i-- ) {
+				if ( seed[ (j = matchIndexes[i]) ] ) {
+					seed[j] = !(matches[j] = seed[j]);
+				}
+			}
+		});
+	});
+}
+
+/**
+ * Detect xml
+ * @param {Element|Object} elem An element or a document
+ */
+isXML = Sizzle.isXML = function( elem ) {
+	// documentElement is verified for cases where it doesn't yet exist
+	// (such as loading iframes in IE - #4833)
+	var documentElement = elem && (elem.ownerDocument || elem).documentElement;
+	return documentElement ? documentElement.nodeName !== "HTML" : false;
+};
+
+// Expose support vars for convenience
+support = Sizzle.support = {};
+
+/**
+ * Sets document-related variables once based on the current document
+ * @param {Element|Object} [doc] An element or document object to use to set the document
+ * @returns {Object} Returns the current document
+ */
+setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) {
+	var doc = node ? node.ownerDocument || node : preferredDoc,
+		parent = doc.defaultView;
+
+	// If no document and documentElement is available, return
+	if ( doc === document || doc.nodeType !== 9 || !doc.documentElement ) {
+		return document;
+	}
+
+	// Set our document
+	document = doc;
+	docElem = doc.documentElement;
+
+	// Support tests
+	documentIsHTML = !isXML( doc );
+
+	// Support: IE>8
+	// If iframe document is assigned to "document" variable and if iframe has been reloaded,
+	// IE will throw "permission denied" error when accessing "document" variable, see jQuery #13936
+	// IE6-8 do not support the defaultView property so parent will be undefined
+	if ( parent && parent.attachEvent && parent !== parent.top ) {
+		parent.attachEvent( "onbeforeunload", function() {
+			setDocument();
+		});
+	}
+
+	/* Attributes
+	---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+	// Support: IE<8
+	// Verify that getAttribute really returns attributes and not properties (excepting IE8 booleans)
+	support.attributes = assert(function( div ) {
+		div.className = "i";
+		return !div.getAttribute("className");
+	});
+
+	/* getElement(s)By*
+	---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+	// Check if getElementsByTagName("*") returns only elements
+	support.getElementsByTagName = assert(function( div ) {
+		div.appendChild( doc.createComment("") );
+		return !div.getElementsByTagName("*").length;
+	});
+
+	// Check if getElementsByClassName can be trusted
+	support.getElementsByClassName = assert(function( div ) {
+		div.innerHTML = "<div class='a'></div><div class='a i'></div>";
+
+		// Support: Safari<4
+		// Catch class over-caching
+		div.firstChild.className = "i";
+		// Support: Opera<10
+		// Catch gEBCN failure to find non-leading classes
+		return div.getElementsByClassName("i").length === 2;
+	});
+
+	// Support: IE<10
+	// Check if getElementById returns elements by name
+	// The broken getElementById methods don't pick up programatically-set names,
+	// so use a roundabout getElementsByName test
+	support.getById = assert(function( div ) {
+		docElem.appendChild( div ).id = expando;
+		return !doc.getElementsByName || !doc.getElementsByName( expando ).length;
+	});
+
+	// ID find and filter
+	if ( support.getById ) {
+		Expr.find["ID"] = function( id, context ) {
+			if ( typeof context.getElementById !== strundefined && documentIsHTML ) {
+				var m = context.getElementById( id );
+				// Check parentNode to catch when Blackberry 4.6 returns
+				// nodes that are no longer in the document #6963
+				return m && m.parentNode ? [m] : [];
+			}
+		};
+		Expr.filter["ID"] = function( id ) {
+			var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape );
+			return function( elem ) {
+				return elem.getAttribute("id") === attrId;
+			};
+		};
+	} else {
+		// Support: IE6/7
+		// getElementById is not reliable as a find shortcut
+		delete Expr.find["ID"];
+
+		Expr.filter["ID"] =  function( id ) {
+			var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape );
+			return function( elem ) {
+				var node = typeof elem.getAttributeNode !== strundefined && elem.getAttributeNode("id");
+				return node && node.value === attrId;
+			};
+		};
+	}
+
+	// Tag
+	Expr.find["TAG"] = support.getElementsByTagName ?
+		function( tag, context ) {
+			if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== strundefined ) {
+				return context.getElementsByTagName( tag );
+			}
+		} :
+		function( tag, context ) {
+			var elem,
+				tmp = [],
+				i = 0,
+				results = context.getElementsByTagName( tag );
+
+			// Filter out possible comments
+			if ( tag === "*" ) {
+				while ( (elem = results[i++]) ) {
+					if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
+						tmp.push( elem );
+					}
+				}
+
+				return tmp;
+			}
+			return results;
+		};
+
+	// Class
+	Expr.find["CLASS"] = support.getElementsByClassName && function( className, context ) {
+		if ( typeof context.getElementsByClassName !== strundefined && documentIsHTML ) {
+			return context.getElementsByClassName( className );
+		}
+	};
+
+	/* QSA/matchesSelector
+	---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+	// QSA and matchesSelector support
+
+	// matchesSelector(:active) reports false when true (IE9/Opera 11.5)
+	rbuggyMatches = [];
+
+	// qSa(:focus) reports false when true (Chrome 21)
+	// We allow this because of a bug in IE8/9 that throws an error
+	// whenever `document.activeElement` is accessed on an iframe
+	// So, we allow :focus to pass through QSA all the time to avoid the IE error
+	// See http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13378
+	rbuggyQSA = [];
+
+	if ( (support.qsa = rnative.test( doc.querySelectorAll )) ) {
+		// Build QSA regex
+		// Regex strategy adopted from Diego Perini
+		assert(function( div ) {
+			// Select is set to empty string on purpose
+			// This is to test IE's treatment of not explicitly
+			// setting a boolean content attribute,
+			// since its presence should be enough
+			// http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/12359
+			div.innerHTML = "<select><option selected=''></option></select>";
+
+			// Support: IE8
+			// Boolean attributes and "value" are not treated correctly
+			if ( !div.querySelectorAll("[selected]").length ) {
+				rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*(?:value|" + booleans + ")" );
+			}
+
+			// Webkit/Opera - :checked should return selected option elements
+			// http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked
+			// IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests
+			if ( !div.querySelectorAll(":checked").length ) {
+				rbuggyQSA.push(":checked");
+			}
+		});
+
+		assert(function( div ) {
+
+			// Support: Opera 10-12/IE8
+			// ^= $= *= and empty values
+			// Should not select anything
+			// Support: Windows 8 Native Apps
+			// The type attribute is restricted during .innerHTML assignment
+			var input = doc.createElement("input");
+			input.setAttribute( "type", "hidden" );
+			div.appendChild( input ).setAttribute( "t", "" );
+
+			if ( div.querySelectorAll("[t^='']").length ) {
+				rbuggyQSA.push( "[*^$]=" + whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" );
+			}
+
+			// FF 3.5 - :enabled/:disabled and hidden elements (hidden elements are still enabled)
+			// IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests
+			if ( !div.querySelectorAll(":enabled").length ) {
+				rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" );
+			}
+
+			// Opera 10-11 does not throw on post-comma invalid pseudos
+			div.querySelectorAll("*,:x");
+			rbuggyQSA.push(",.*:");
+		});
+	}
+
+	if ( (support.matchesSelector = rnative.test( (matches = docElem.webkitMatchesSelector ||
+		docElem.mozMatchesSelector ||
+		docElem.oMatchesSelector ||
+		docElem.msMatchesSelector) )) ) {
+
+		assert(function( div ) {
+			// Check to see if it's possible to do matchesSelector
+			// on a disconnected node (IE 9)
+			support.disconnectedMatch = matches.call( div, "div" );
+
+			// This should fail with an exception
+			// Gecko does not error, returns false instead
+			matches.call( div, "[s!='']:x" );
+			rbuggyMatches.push( "!=", pseudos );
+		});
+	}
+
+	rbuggyQSA = rbuggyQSA.length && new RegExp( rbuggyQSA.join("|") );
+	rbuggyMatches = rbuggyMatches.length && new RegExp( rbuggyMatches.join("|") );
+
+	/* Contains
+	---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+	// Element contains another
+	// Purposefully does not implement inclusive descendent
+	// As in, an element does not contain itself
+	contains = rnative.test( docElem.contains ) || docElem.compareDocumentPosition ?
+		function( a, b ) {
+			var adown = a.nodeType === 9 ? a.documentElement : a,
+				bup = b && b.parentNode;
+			return a === bup || !!( bup && bup.nodeType === 1 && (
+				adown.contains ?
+					adown.contains( bup ) :
+					a.compareDocumentPosition && a.compareDocumentPosition( bup ) & 16
+			));
+		} :
+		function( a, b ) {
+			if ( b ) {
+				while ( (b = b.parentNode) ) {
+					if ( b === a ) {
+						return true;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			return false;
+		};
+
+	/* Sorting
+	---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+	// Document order sorting
+	sortOrder = docElem.compareDocumentPosition ?
+	function( a, b ) {
+
+		// Flag for duplicate removal
+		if ( a === b ) {
+			hasDuplicate = true;
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		var compare = b.compareDocumentPosition && a.compareDocumentPosition && a.compareDocumentPosition( b );
+
+		if ( compare ) {
+			// Disconnected nodes
+			if ( compare & 1 ||
+				(!support.sortDetached && b.compareDocumentPosition( a ) === compare) ) {
+
+				// Choose the first element that is related to our preferred document
+				if ( a === doc || contains(preferredDoc, a) ) {
+					return -1;
+				}
+				if ( b === doc || contains(preferredDoc, b) ) {
+					return 1;
+				}
+
+				// Maintain original order
+				return sortInput ?
+					( indexOf.call( sortInput, a ) - indexOf.call( sortInput, b ) ) :
+					0;
+			}
+
+			return compare & 4 ? -1 : 1;
+		}
+
+		// Not directly comparable, sort on existence of method
+		return a.compareDocumentPosition ? -1 : 1;
+	} :
+	function( a, b ) {
+		var cur,
+			i = 0,
+			aup = a.parentNode,
+			bup = b.parentNode,
+			ap = [ a ],
+			bp = [ b ];
+
+		// Exit early if the nodes are identical
+		if ( a === b ) {
+			hasDuplicate = true;
+			return 0;
+
+		// Parentless nodes are either documents or disconnected
+		} else if ( !aup || !bup ) {
+			return a === doc ? -1 :
+				b === doc ? 1 :
+				aup ? -1 :
+				bup ? 1 :
+				sortInput ?
+				( indexOf.call( sortInput, a ) - indexOf.call( sortInput, b ) ) :
+				0;
+
+		// If the nodes are siblings, we can do a quick check
+		} else if ( aup === bup ) {
+			return siblingCheck( a, b );
+		}
+
+		// Otherwise we need full lists of their ancestors for comparison
+		cur = a;
+		while ( (cur = cur.parentNode) ) {
+			ap.unshift( cur );
+		}
+		cur = b;
+		while ( (cur = cur.parentNode) ) {
+			bp.unshift( cur );
+		}
+
+		// Walk down the tree looking for a discrepancy
+		while ( ap[i] === bp[i] ) {
+			i++;
+		}
+
+		return i ?
+			// Do a sibling check if the nodes have a common ancestor
+			siblingCheck( ap[i], bp[i] ) :
+
+			// Otherwise nodes in our document sort first
+			ap[i] === preferredDoc ? -1 :
+			bp[i] === preferredDoc ? 1 :
+			0;
+	};
+
+	return doc;
+};
+
+Sizzle.matches = function( expr, elements ) {
+	return Sizzle( expr, null, null, elements );
+};
+
+Sizzle.matchesSelector = function( elem, expr ) {
+	// Set document vars if needed
+	if ( ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ) !== document ) {
+		setDocument( elem );
+	}
+
+	// Make sure that attribute selectors are quoted
+	expr = expr.replace( rattributeQuotes, "='$1']" );
+
+	if ( support.matchesSelector && documentIsHTML &&
+		( !rbuggyMatches || !rbuggyMatches.test( expr ) ) &&
+		( !rbuggyQSA     || !rbuggyQSA.test( expr ) ) ) {
+
+		try {
+			var ret = matches.call( elem, expr );
+
+			// IE 9's matchesSelector returns false on disconnected nodes
+			if ( ret || support.disconnectedMatch ||
+					// As well, disconnected nodes are said to be in a document
+					// fragment in IE 9
+					elem.document && elem.document.nodeType !== 11 ) {
+				return ret;
+			}
+		} catch(e) {}
+	}
+
+	return Sizzle( expr, document, null, [elem] ).length > 0;
+};
+
+Sizzle.contains = function( context, elem ) {
+	// Set document vars if needed
+	if ( ( context.ownerDocument || context ) !== document ) {
+		setDocument( context );
+	}
+	return contains( context, elem );
+};
+
+Sizzle.attr = function( elem, name ) {
+	// Set document vars if needed
+	if ( ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ) !== document ) {
+		setDocument( elem );
+	}
+
+	var fn = Expr.attrHandle[ name.toLowerCase() ],
+		// Don't get fooled by Object.prototype properties (jQuery #13807)
+		val = fn && hasOwn.call( Expr.attrHandle, name.toLowerCase() ) ?
+			fn( elem, name, !documentIsHTML ) :
+			undefined;
+
+	return val === undefined ?
+		support.attributes || !documentIsHTML ?
+			elem.getAttribute( name ) :
+			(val = elem.getAttributeNode(name)) && val.specified ?
+				val.value :
+				null :
+		val;
+};
+
+Sizzle.error = function( msg ) {
+	throw new Error( "Syntax error, unrecognized expression: " + msg );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Document sorting and removing duplicates
+ * @param {ArrayLike} results
+ */
+Sizzle.uniqueSort = function( results ) {
+	var elem,
+		duplicates = [],
+		j = 0,
+		i = 0;
+
+	// Unless we *know* we can detect duplicates, assume their presence
+	hasDuplicate = !support.detectDuplicates;
+	sortInput = !support.sortStable && results.slice( 0 );
+	results.sort( sortOrder );
+
+	if ( hasDuplicate ) {
+		while ( (elem = results[i++]) ) {
+			if ( elem === results[ i ] ) {
+				j = duplicates.push( i );
+			}
+		}
+		while ( j-- ) {
+			results.splice( duplicates[ j ], 1 );
+		}
+	}
+
+	return results;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Utility function for retrieving the text value of an array of DOM nodes
+ * @param {Array|Element} elem
+ */
+getText = Sizzle.getText = function( elem ) {
+	var node,
+		ret = "",
+		i = 0,
+		nodeType = elem.nodeType;
+
+	if ( !nodeType ) {
+		// If no nodeType, this is expected to be an array
+		for ( ; (node = elem[i]); i++ ) {
+			// Do not traverse comment nodes
+			ret += getText( node );
+		}
+	} else if ( nodeType === 1 || nodeType === 9 || nodeType === 11 ) {
+		// Use textContent for elements
+		// innerText usage removed for consistency of new lines (see #11153)
+		if ( typeof elem.textContent === "string" ) {
+			return elem.textContent;
+		} else {
+			// Traverse its children
+			for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) {
+				ret += getText( elem );
+			}
+		}
+	} else if ( nodeType === 3 || nodeType === 4 ) {
+		return elem.nodeValue;
+	}
+	// Do not include comment or processing instruction nodes
+
+	return ret;
+};
+
+Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
+
+	// Can be adjusted by the user
+	cacheLength: 50,
+
+	createPseudo: markFunction,
+
+	match: matchExpr,
+
+	attrHandle: {},
+
+	find: {},
+
+	relative: {
+		">": { dir: "parentNode", first: true },
+		" ": { dir: "parentNode" },
+		"+": { dir: "previousSibling", first: true },
+		"~": { dir: "previousSibling" }
+	},
+
+	preFilter: {
+		"ATTR": function( match ) {
+			match[1] = match[1].replace( runescape, funescape );
+
+			// Move the given value to match[3] whether quoted or unquoted
+			match[3] = ( match[4] || match[5] || "" ).replace( runescape, funescape );
+
+			if ( match[2] === "~=" ) {
+				match[3] = " " + match[3] + " ";
+			}
+
+			return match.slice( 0, 4 );
+		},
+
+		"CHILD": function( match ) {
+			/* matches from matchExpr["CHILD"]
+				1 type (only|nth|...)
+				2 what (child|of-type)
+				3 argument (even|odd|\d*|\d*n([+-]\d+)?|...)
+				4 xn-component of xn+y argument ([+-]?\d*n|)
+				5 sign of xn-component
+				6 x of xn-component
+				7 sign of y-component
+				8 y of y-component
+			*/
+			match[1] = match[1].toLowerCase();
+
+			if ( match[1].slice( 0, 3 ) === "nth" ) {
+				// nth-* requires argument
+				if ( !match[3] ) {
+					Sizzle.error( match[0] );
+				}
+
+				// numeric x and y parameters for Expr.filter.CHILD
+				// remember that false/true cast respectively to 0/1
+				match[4] = +( match[4] ? match[5] + (match[6] || 1) : 2 * ( match[3] === "even" || match[3] === "odd" ) );
+				match[5] = +( ( match[7] + match[8] ) || match[3] === "odd" );
+
+			// other types prohibit arguments
+			} else if ( match[3] ) {
+				Sizzle.error( match[0] );
+			}
+
+			return match;
+		},
+
+		"PSEUDO": function( match ) {
+			var excess,
+				unquoted = !match[5] && match[2];
+
+			if ( matchExpr["CHILD"].test( match[0] ) ) {
+				return null;
+			}
+
+			// Accept quoted arguments as-is
+			if ( match[3] && match[4] !== undefined ) {
+				match[2] = match[4];
+
+			// Strip excess characters from unquoted arguments
+			} else if ( unquoted && rpseudo.test( unquoted ) &&
+				// Get excess from tokenize (recursively)
+				(excess = tokenize( unquoted, true )) &&
+				// advance to the next closing parenthesis
+				(excess = unquoted.indexOf( ")", unquoted.length - excess ) - unquoted.length) ) {
+
+				// excess is a negative index
+				match[0] = match[0].slice( 0, excess );
+				match[2] = unquoted.slice( 0, excess );
+			}
+
+			// Return only captures needed by the pseudo filter method (type and argument)
+			return match.slice( 0, 3 );
+		}
+	},
+
+	filter: {
+
+		"TAG": function( nodeNameSelector ) {
+			var nodeName = nodeNameSelector.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase();
+			return nodeNameSelector === "*" ?
+				function() { return true; } :
+				function( elem ) {
+					return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === nodeName;
+				};
+		},
+
+		"CLASS": function( className ) {
+			var pattern = classCache[ className + " " ];
+
+			return pattern ||
+				(pattern = new RegExp( "(^|" + whitespace + ")" + className + "(" + whitespace + "|$)" )) &&
+				classCache( className, function( elem ) {
+					return pattern.test( typeof elem.className === "string" && elem.className || typeof elem.getAttribute !== strundefined && elem.getAttribute("class") || "" );
+				});
+		},
+
+		"ATTR": function( name, operator, check ) {
+			return function( elem ) {
+				var result = Sizzle.attr( elem, name );
+
+				if ( result == null ) {
+					return operator === "!=";
+				}
+				if ( !operator ) {
+					return true;
+				}
+
+				result += "";
+
+				return operator === "=" ? result === check :
+					operator === "!=" ? result !== check :
+					operator === "^=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) === 0 :
+					operator === "*=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) > -1 :
+					operator === "$=" ? check && result.slice( -check.length ) === check :
+					operator === "~=" ? ( " " + result + " " ).indexOf( check ) > -1 :
+					operator === "|=" ? result === check || result.slice( 0, check.length + 1 ) === check + "-" :
+					false;
+			};
+		},
+
+		"CHILD": function( type, what, argument, first, last ) {
+			var simple = type.slice( 0, 3 ) !== "nth",
+				forward = type.slice( -4 ) !== "last",
+				ofType = what === "of-type";
+
+			return first === 1 && last === 0 ?
+
+				// Shortcut for :nth-*(n)
+				function( elem ) {
+					return !!elem.parentNode;
+				} :
+
+				function( elem, context, xml ) {
+					var cache, outerCache, node, diff, nodeIndex, start,
+						dir = simple !== forward ? "nextSibling" : "previousSibling",
+						parent = elem.parentNode,
+						name = ofType && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(),
+						useCache = !xml && !ofType;
+
+					if ( parent ) {
+
+						// :(first|last|only)-(child|of-type)
+						if ( simple ) {
+							while ( dir ) {
+								node = elem;
+								while ( (node = node[ dir ]) ) {
+									if ( ofType ? node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : node.nodeType === 1 ) {
+										return false;
+									}
+								}
+								// Reverse direction for :only-* (if we haven't yet done so)
+								start = dir = type === "only" && !start && "nextSibling";
+							}
+							return true;
+						}
+
+						start = [ forward ? parent.firstChild : parent.lastChild ];
+
+						// non-xml :nth-child(...) stores cache data on `parent`
+						if ( forward && useCache ) {
+							// Seek `elem` from a previously-cached index
+							outerCache = parent[ expando ] || (parent[ expando ] = {});
+							cache = outerCache[ type ] || [];
+							nodeIndex = cache[0] === dirruns && cache[1];
+							diff = cache[0] === dirruns && cache[2];
+							node = nodeIndex && parent.childNodes[ nodeIndex ];
+
+							while ( (node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] ||
+
+								// Fallback to seeking `elem` from the start
+								(diff = nodeIndex = 0) || start.pop()) ) {
+
+								// When found, cache indexes on `parent` and break
+								if ( node.nodeType === 1 && ++diff && node === elem ) {
+									outerCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, nodeIndex, diff ];
+									break;
+								}
+							}
+
+						// Use previously-cached element index if available
+						} else if ( useCache && (cache = (elem[ expando ] || (elem[ expando ] = {}))[ type ]) && cache[0] === dirruns ) {
+							diff = cache[1];
+
+						// xml :nth-child(...) or :nth-last-child(...) or :nth(-last)?-of-type(...)
+						} else {
+							// Use the same loop as above to seek `elem` from the start
+							while ( (node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] ||
+								(diff = nodeIndex = 0) || start.pop()) ) {
+
+								if ( ( ofType ? node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : node.nodeType === 1 ) && ++diff ) {
+									// Cache the index of each encountered element
+									if ( useCache ) {
+										(node[ expando ] || (node[ expando ] = {}))[ type ] = [ dirruns, diff ];
+									}
+
+									if ( node === elem ) {
+										break;
+									}
+								}
+							}
+						}
+
+						// Incorporate the offset, then check against cycle size
+						diff -= last;
+						return diff === first || ( diff % first === 0 && diff / first >= 0 );
+					}
+				};
+		},
+
+		"PSEUDO": function( pseudo, argument ) {
+			// pseudo-class names are case-insensitive
+			// http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#pseudo-classes
+			// Prioritize by case sensitivity in case custom pseudos are added with uppercase letters
+			// Remember that setFilters inherits from pseudos
+			var args,
+				fn = Expr.pseudos[ pseudo ] || Expr.setFilters[ pseudo.toLowerCase() ] ||
+					Sizzle.error( "unsupported pseudo: " + pseudo );
+
+			// The user may use createPseudo to indicate that
+			// arguments are needed to create the filter function
+			// just as Sizzle does
+			if ( fn[ expando ] ) {
+				return fn( argument );
+			}
+
+			// But maintain support for old signatures
+			if ( fn.length > 1 ) {
+				args = [ pseudo, pseudo, "", argument ];
+				return Expr.setFilters.hasOwnProperty( pseudo.toLowerCase() ) ?
+					markFunction(function( seed, matches ) {
+						var idx,
+							matched = fn( seed, argument ),
+							i = matched.length;
+						while ( i-- ) {
+							idx = indexOf.call( seed, matched[i] );
+							seed[ idx ] = !( matches[ idx ] = matched[i] );
+						}
+					}) :
+					function( elem ) {
+						return fn( elem, 0, args );
+					};
+			}
+
+			return fn;
+		}
+	},
+
+	pseudos: {
+		// Potentially complex pseudos
+		"not": markFunction(function( selector ) {
+			// Trim the selector passed to compile
+			// to avoid treating leading and trailing
+			// spaces as combinators
+			var input = [],
+				results = [],
+				matcher = compile( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ) );
+
+			return matcher[ expando ] ?
+				markFunction(function( seed, matches, context, xml ) {
+					var elem,
+						unmatched = matcher( seed, null, xml, [] ),
+						i = seed.length;
+
+					// Match elements unmatched by `matcher`
+					while ( i-- ) {
+						if ( (elem = unmatched[i]) ) {
+							seed[i] = !(matches[i] = elem);
+						}
+					}
+				}) :
+				function( elem, context, xml ) {
+					input[0] = elem;
+					matcher( input, null, xml, results );
+					return !results.pop();
+				};
+		}),
+
+		"has": markFunction(function( selector ) {
+			return function( elem ) {
+				return Sizzle( selector, elem ).length > 0;
+			};
+		}),
+
+		"contains": markFunction(function( text ) {
+			return function( elem ) {
+				return ( elem.textContent || elem.innerText || getText( elem ) ).indexOf( text ) > -1;
+			};
+		}),
+
+		// "Whether an element is represented by a :lang() selector
+		// is based solely on the element's language value
+		// being equal to the identifier C,
+		// or beginning with the identifier C immediately followed by "-".
+		// The matching of C against the element's language value is performed case-insensitively.
+		// The identifier C does not have to be a valid language name."
+		// http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#lang-pseudo
+		"lang": markFunction( function( lang ) {
+			// lang value must be a valid identifier
+			if ( !ridentifier.test(lang || "") ) {
+				Sizzle.error( "unsupported lang: " + lang );
+			}
+			lang = lang.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase();
+			return function( elem ) {
+				var elemLang;
+				do {
+					if ( (elemLang = documentIsHTML ?
+						elem.lang :
+						elem.getAttribute("xml:lang") || elem.getAttribute("lang")) ) {
+
+						elemLang = elemLang.toLowerCase();
+						return elemLang === lang || elemLang.indexOf( lang + "-" ) === 0;
+					}
+				} while ( (elem = elem.parentNode) && elem.nodeType === 1 );
+				return false;
+			};
+		}),
+
+		// Miscellaneous
+		"target": function( elem ) {
+			var hash = window.location && window.location.hash;
+			return hash && hash.slice( 1 ) === elem.id;
+		},
+
+		"root": function( elem ) {
+			return elem === docElem;
+		},
+
+		"focus": function( elem ) {
+			return elem === document.activeElement && (!document.hasFocus || document.hasFocus()) && !!(elem.type || elem.href || ~elem.tabIndex);
+		},
+
+		// Boolean properties
+		"enabled": function( elem ) {
+			return elem.disabled === false;
+		},
+
+		"disabled": function( elem ) {
+			return elem.disabled === true;
+		},
+
+		"checked": function( elem ) {
+			// In CSS3, :checked should return both checked and selected elements
+			// http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked
+			var nodeName = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase();
+			return (nodeName === "input" && !!elem.checked) || (nodeName === "option" && !!elem.selected);
+		},
+
+		"selected": function( elem ) {
+			// Accessing this property makes selected-by-default
+			// options in Safari work properly
+			if ( elem.parentNode ) {
+				elem.parentNode.selectedIndex;
+			}
+
+			return elem.selected === true;
+		},
+
+		// Contents
+		"empty": function( elem ) {
+			// http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#empty-pseudo
+			// :empty is only affected by element nodes and content nodes(including text(3), cdata(4)),
+			//   not comment, processing instructions, or others
+			// Thanks to Diego Perini for the nodeName shortcut
+			//   Greater than "@" means alpha characters (specifically not starting with "#" or "?")
+			for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) {
+				if ( elem.nodeName > "@" || elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 4 ) {
+					return false;
+				}
+			}
+			return true;
+		},
+
+		"parent": function( elem ) {
+			return !Expr.pseudos["empty"]( elem );
+		},
+
+		// Element/input types
+		"header": function( elem ) {
+			return rheader.test( elem.nodeName );
+		},
+
+		"input": function( elem ) {
+			return rinputs.test( elem.nodeName );
+		},
+
+		"button": function( elem ) {
+			var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase();
+			return name === "input" && elem.type === "button" || name === "button";
+		},
+
+		"text": function( elem ) {
+			var attr;
+			// IE6 and 7 will map elem.type to 'text' for new HTML5 types (search, etc)
+			// use getAttribute instead to test this case
+			return elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" &&
+				elem.type === "text" &&
+				( (attr = elem.getAttribute("type")) == null || attr.toLowerCase() === elem.type );
+		},
+
+		// Position-in-collection
+		"first": createPositionalPseudo(function() {
+			return [ 0 ];
+		}),
+
+		"last": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length ) {
+			return [ length - 1 ];
+		}),
+
+		"eq": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) {
+			return [ argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument ];
+		}),
+
+		"even": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length ) {
+			var i = 0;
+			for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) {
+				matchIndexes.push( i );
+			}
+			return matchIndexes;
+		}),
+
+		"odd": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length ) {
+			var i = 1;
+			for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) {
+				matchIndexes.push( i );
+			}
+			return matchIndexes;
+		}),
+
+		"lt": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) {
+			var i = argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument;
+			for ( ; --i >= 0; ) {
+				matchIndexes.push( i );
+			}
+			return matchIndexes;
+		}),
+
+		"gt": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) {
+			var i = argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument;
+			for ( ; ++i < length; ) {
+				matchIndexes.push( i );
+			}
+			return matchIndexes;
+		})
+	}
+};
+
+Expr.pseudos["nth"] = Expr.pseudos["eq"];
+
+// Add button/input type pseudos
+for ( i in { radio: true, checkbox: true, file: true, password: true, image: true } ) {
+	Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createInputPseudo( i );
+}
+for ( i in { submit: true, reset: true } ) {
+	Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createButtonPseudo( i );
+}
+
+// Easy API for creating new setFilters
+function setFilters() {}
+setFilters.prototype = Expr.filters = Expr.pseudos;
+Expr.setFilters = new setFilters();
+
+function tokenize( selector, parseOnly ) {
+	var matched, match, tokens, type,
+		soFar, groups, preFilters,
+		cached = tokenCache[ selector + " " ];
+
+	if ( cached ) {
+		return parseOnly ? 0 : cached.slice( 0 );
+	}
+
+	soFar = selector;
+	groups = [];
+	preFilters = Expr.preFilter;
+
+	while ( soFar ) {
+
+		// Comma and first run
+		if ( !matched || (match = rcomma.exec( soFar )) ) {
+			if ( match ) {
+				// Don't consume trailing commas as valid
+				soFar = soFar.slice( match[0].length ) || soFar;
+			}
+			groups.push( tokens = [] );
+		}
+
+		matched = false;
+
+		// Combinators
+		if ( (match = rcombinators.exec( soFar )) ) {
+			matched = match.shift();
+			tokens.push({
+				value: matched,
+				// Cast descendant combinators to space
+				type: match[0].replace( rtrim, " " )
+			});
+			soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length );
+		}
+
+		// Filters
+		for ( type in Expr.filter ) {
+			if ( (match = matchExpr[ type ].exec( soFar )) && (!preFilters[ type ] ||
+				(match = preFilters[ type ]( match ))) ) {
+				matched = match.shift();
+				tokens.push({
+					value: matched,
+					type: type,
+					matches: match
+				});
+				soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length );
+			}
+		}
+
+		if ( !matched ) {
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Return the length of the invalid excess
+	// if we're just parsing
+	// Otherwise, throw an error or return tokens
+	return parseOnly ?
+		soFar.length :
+		soFar ?
+			Sizzle.error( selector ) :
+			// Cache the tokens
+			tokenCache( selector, groups ).slice( 0 );
+}
+
+function toSelector( tokens ) {
+	var i = 0,
+		len = tokens.length,
+		selector = "";
+	for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
+		selector += tokens[i].value;
+	}
+	return selector;
+}
+
+function addCombinator( matcher, combinator, base ) {
+	var dir = combinator.dir,
+		checkNonElements = base && dir === "parentNode",
+		doneName = done++;
+
+	return combinator.first ?
+		// Check against closest ancestor/preceding element
+		function( elem, context, xml ) {
+			while ( (elem = elem[ dir ]) ) {
+				if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) {
+					return matcher( elem, context, xml );
+				}
+			}
+		} :
+
+		// Check against all ancestor/preceding elements
+		function( elem, context, xml ) {
+			var data, cache, outerCache,
+				dirkey = dirruns + " " + doneName;
+
+			// We can't set arbitrary data on XML nodes, so they don't benefit from dir caching
+			if ( xml ) {
+				while ( (elem = elem[ dir ]) ) {
+					if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) {
+						if ( matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) {
+							return true;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				while ( (elem = elem[ dir ]) ) {
+					if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) {
+						outerCache = elem[ expando ] || (elem[ expando ] = {});
+						if ( (cache = outerCache[ dir ]) && cache[0] === dirkey ) {
+							if ( (data = cache[1]) === true || data === cachedruns ) {
+								return data === true;
+							}
+						} else {
+							cache = outerCache[ dir ] = [ dirkey ];
+							cache[1] = matcher( elem, context, xml ) || cachedruns;
+							if ( cache[1] === true ) {
+								return true;
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		};
+}
+
+function elementMatcher( matchers ) {
+	return matchers.length > 1 ?
+		function( elem, context, xml ) {
+			var i = matchers.length;
+			while ( i-- ) {
+				if ( !matchers[i]( elem, context, xml ) ) {
+					return false;
+				}
+			}
+			return true;
+		} :
+		matchers[0];
+}
+
+function condense( unmatched, map, filter, context, xml ) {
+	var elem,
+		newUnmatched = [],
+		i = 0,
+		len = unmatched.length,
+		mapped = map != null;
+
+	for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
+		if ( (elem = unmatched[i]) ) {
+			if ( !filter || filter( elem, context, xml ) ) {
+				newUnmatched.push( elem );
+				if ( mapped ) {
+					map.push( i );
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return newUnmatched;
+}
+
+function setMatcher( preFilter, selector, matcher, postFilter, postFinder, postSelector ) {
+	if ( postFilter && !postFilter[ expando ] ) {
+		postFilter = setMatcher( postFilter );
+	}
+	if ( postFinder && !postFinder[ expando ] ) {
+		postFinder = setMatcher( postFinder, postSelector );
+	}
+	return markFunction(function( seed, results, context, xml ) {
+		var temp, i, elem,
+			preMap = [],
+			postMap = [],
+			preexisting = results.length,
+
+			// Get initial elements from seed or context
+			elems = seed || multipleContexts( selector || "*", context.nodeType ? [ context ] : context, [] ),
+
+			// Prefilter to get matcher input, preserving a map for seed-results synchronization
+			matcherIn = preFilter && ( seed || !selector ) ?
+				condense( elems, preMap, preFilter, context, xml ) :
+				elems,
+
+			matcherOut = matcher ?
+				// If we have a postFinder, or filtered seed, or non-seed postFilter or preexisting results,
+				postFinder || ( seed ? preFilter : preexisting || postFilter ) ?
+
+					// ...intermediate processing is necessary
+					[] :
+
+					// ...otherwise use results directly
+					results :
+				matcherIn;
+
+		// Find primary matches
+		if ( matcher ) {
+			matcher( matcherIn, matcherOut, context, xml );
+		}
+
+		// Apply postFilter
+		if ( postFilter ) {
+			temp = condense( matcherOut, postMap );
+			postFilter( temp, [], context, xml );
+
+			// Un-match failing elements by moving them back to matcherIn
+			i = temp.length;
+			while ( i-- ) {
+				if ( (elem = temp[i]) ) {
+					matcherOut[ postMap[i] ] = !(matcherIn[ postMap[i] ] = elem);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if ( seed ) {
+			if ( postFinder || preFilter ) {
+				if ( postFinder ) {
+					// Get the final matcherOut by condensing this intermediate into postFinder contexts
+					temp = [];
+					i = matcherOut.length;
+					while ( i-- ) {
+						if ( (elem = matcherOut[i]) ) {
+							// Restore matcherIn since elem is not yet a final match
+							temp.push( (matcherIn[i] = elem) );
+						}
+					}
+					postFinder( null, (matcherOut = []), temp, xml );
+				}
+
+				// Move matched elements from seed to results to keep them synchronized
+				i = matcherOut.length;
+				while ( i-- ) {
+					if ( (elem = matcherOut[i]) &&
+						(temp = postFinder ? indexOf.call( seed, elem ) : preMap[i]) > -1 ) {
+
+						seed[temp] = !(results[temp] = elem);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+		// Add elements to results, through postFinder if defined
+		} else {
+			matcherOut = condense(
+				matcherOut === results ?
+					matcherOut.splice( preexisting, matcherOut.length ) :
+					matcherOut
+			);
+			if ( postFinder ) {
+				postFinder( null, results, matcherOut, xml );
+			} else {
+				push.apply( results, matcherOut );
+			}
+		}
+	});
+}
+
+function matcherFromTokens( tokens ) {
+	var checkContext, matcher, j,
+		len = tokens.length,
+		leadingRelative = Expr.relative[ tokens[0].type ],
+		implicitRelative = leadingRelative || Expr.relative[" "],
+		i = leadingRelative ? 1 : 0,
+
+		// The foundational matcher ensures that elements are reachable from top-level context(s)
+		matchContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) {
+			return elem === checkContext;
+		}, implicitRelative, true ),
+		matchAnyContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) {
+			return indexOf.call( checkContext, elem ) > -1;
+		}, implicitRelative, true ),
+		matchers = [ function( elem, context, xml ) {
+			return ( !leadingRelative && ( xml || context !== outermostContext ) ) || (
+				(checkContext = context).nodeType ?
+					matchContext( elem, context, xml ) :
+					matchAnyContext( elem, context, xml ) );
+		} ];
+
+	for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
+		if ( (matcher = Expr.relative[ tokens[i].type ]) ) {
+			matchers = [ addCombinator(elementMatcher( matchers ), matcher) ];
+		} else {
+			matcher = Expr.filter[ tokens[i].type ].apply( null, tokens[i].matches );
+
+			// Return special upon seeing a positional matcher
+			if ( matcher[ expando ] ) {
+				// Find the next relative operator (if any) for proper handling
+				j = ++i;
+				for ( ; j < len; j++ ) {
+					if ( Expr.relative[ tokens[j].type ] ) {
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+				return setMatcher(
+					i > 1 && elementMatcher( matchers ),
+					i > 1 && toSelector(
+						// If the preceding token was a descendant combinator, insert an implicit any-element `*`
+						tokens.slice( 0, i - 1 ).concat({ value: tokens[ i - 2 ].type === " " ? "*" : "" })
+					).replace( rtrim, "$1" ),
+					matcher,
+					i < j && matcherFromTokens( tokens.slice( i, j ) ),
+					j < len && matcherFromTokens( (tokens = tokens.slice( j )) ),
+					j < len && toSelector( tokens )
+				);
+			}
+			matchers.push( matcher );
+		}
+	}
+
+	return elementMatcher( matchers );
+}
+
+function matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) {
+	// A counter to specify which element is currently being matched
+	var matcherCachedRuns = 0,
+		bySet = setMatchers.length > 0,
+		byElement = elementMatchers.length > 0,
+		superMatcher = function( seed, context, xml, results, expandContext ) {
+			var elem, j, matcher,
+				setMatched = [],
+				matchedCount = 0,
+				i = "0",
+				unmatched = seed && [],
+				outermost = expandContext != null,
+				contextBackup = outermostContext,
+				// We must always have either seed elements or context
+				elems = seed || byElement && Expr.find["TAG"]( "*", expandContext && context.parentNode || context ),
+				// Use integer dirruns iff this is the outermost matcher
+				dirrunsUnique = (dirruns += contextBackup == null ? 1 : Math.random() || 0.1);
+
+			if ( outermost ) {
+				outermostContext = context !== document && context;
+				cachedruns = matcherCachedRuns;
+			}
+
+			// Add elements passing elementMatchers directly to results
+			// Keep `i` a string if there are no elements so `matchedCount` will be "00" below
+			for ( ; (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++ ) {
+				if ( byElement && elem ) {
+					j = 0;
+					while ( (matcher = elementMatchers[j++]) ) {
+						if ( matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) {
+							results.push( elem );
+							break;
+						}
+					}
+					if ( outermost ) {
+						dirruns = dirrunsUnique;
+						cachedruns = ++matcherCachedRuns;
+					}
+				}
+
+				// Track unmatched elements for set filters
+				if ( bySet ) {
+					// They will have gone through all possible matchers
+					if ( (elem = !matcher && elem) ) {
+						matchedCount--;
+					}
+
+					// Lengthen the array for every element, matched or not
+					if ( seed ) {
+						unmatched.push( elem );
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Apply set filters to unmatched elements
+			matchedCount += i;
+			if ( bySet && i !== matchedCount ) {
+				j = 0;
+				while ( (matcher = setMatchers[j++]) ) {
+					matcher( unmatched, setMatched, context, xml );
+				}
+
+				if ( seed ) {
+					// Reintegrate element matches to eliminate the need for sorting
+					if ( matchedCount > 0 ) {
+						while ( i-- ) {
+							if ( !(unmatched[i] || setMatched[i]) ) {
+								setMatched[i] = pop.call( results );
+							}
+						}
+					}
+
+					// Discard index placeholder values to get only actual matches
+					setMatched = condense( setMatched );
+				}
+
+				// Add matches to results
+				push.apply( results, setMatched );
+
+				// Seedless set matches succeeding multiple successful matchers stipulate sorting
+				if ( outermost && !seed && setMatched.length > 0 &&
+					( matchedCount + setMatchers.length ) > 1 ) {
+
+					Sizzle.uniqueSort( results );
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Override manipulation of globals by nested matchers
+			if ( outermost ) {
+				dirruns = dirrunsUnique;
+				outermostContext = contextBackup;
+			}
+
+			return unmatched;
+		};
+
+	return bySet ?
+		markFunction( superMatcher ) :
+		superMatcher;
+}
+
+compile = Sizzle.compile = function( selector, group /* Internal Use Only */ ) {
+	var i,
+		setMatchers = [],
+		elementMatchers = [],
+		cached = compilerCache[ selector + " " ];
+
+	if ( !cached ) {
+		// Generate a function of recursive functions that can be used to check each element
+		if ( !group ) {
+			group = tokenize( selector );
+		}
+		i = group.length;
+		while ( i-- ) {
+			cached = matcherFromTokens( group[i] );
+			if ( cached[ expando ] ) {
+				setMatchers.push( cached );
+			} else {
+				elementMatchers.push( cached );
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Cache the compiled function
+		cached = compilerCache( selector, matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) );
+	}
+	return cached;
+};
+
+function multipleContexts( selector, contexts, results ) {
+	var i = 0,
+		len = contexts.length;
+	for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
+		Sizzle( selector, contexts[i], results );
+	}
+	return results;
+}
+
+function select( selector, context, results, seed ) {
+	var i, tokens, token, type, find,
+		match = tokenize( selector );
+
+	if ( !seed ) {
+		// Try to minimize operations if there is only one group
+		if ( match.length === 1 ) {
+
+			// Take a shortcut and set the context if the root selector is an ID
+			tokens = match[0] = match[0].slice( 0 );
+			if ( tokens.length > 2 && (token = tokens[0]).type === "ID" &&
+					support.getById && context.nodeType === 9 && documentIsHTML &&
+					Expr.relative[ tokens[1].type ] ) {
+
+				context = ( Expr.find["ID"]( token.matches[0].replace(runescape, funescape), context ) || [] )[0];
+				if ( !context ) {
+					return results;
+				}
+				selector = selector.slice( tokens.shift().value.length );
+			}
+
+			// Fetch a seed set for right-to-left matching
+			i = matchExpr["needsContext"].test( selector ) ? 0 : tokens.length;
+			while ( i-- ) {
+				token = tokens[i];
+
+				// Abort if we hit a combinator
+				if ( Expr.relative[ (type = token.type) ] ) {
+					break;
+				}
+				if ( (find = Expr.find[ type ]) ) {
+					// Search, expanding context for leading sibling combinators
+					if ( (seed = find(
+						token.matches[0].replace( runescape, funescape ),
+						rsibling.test( tokens[0].type ) && context.parentNode || context
+					)) ) {
+
+						// If seed is empty or no tokens remain, we can return early
+						tokens.splice( i, 1 );
+						selector = seed.length && toSelector( tokens );
+						if ( !selector ) {
+							push.apply( results, seed );
+							return results;
+						}
+
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Compile and execute a filtering function
+	// Provide `match` to avoid retokenization if we modified the selector above
+	compile( selector, match )(
+		seed,
+		context,
+		!documentIsHTML,
+		results,
+		rsibling.test( selector )
+	);
+	return results;
+}
+
+// One-time assignments
+
+// Sort stability
+support.sortStable = expando.split("").sort( sortOrder ).join("") === expando;
+
+// Support: Chrome<14
+// Always assume duplicates if they aren't passed to the comparison function
+support.detectDuplicates = hasDuplicate;
+
+// Initialize against the default document
+setDocument();
+
+// Support: Webkit<537.32 - Safari 6.0.3/Chrome 25 (fixed in Chrome 27)
+// Detached nodes confoundingly follow *each other*
+support.sortDetached = assert(function( div1 ) {
+	// Should return 1, but returns 4 (following)
+	return div1.compareDocumentPosition( document.createElement("div") ) & 1;
+});
+
+// Support: IE<8
+// Prevent attribute/property "interpolation"
+// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536429%28VS.85%29.aspx
+if ( !assert(function( div ) {
+	div.innerHTML = "<a href='#'></a>";
+	return div.firstChild.getAttribute("href") === "#" ;
+}) ) {
+	addHandle( "type|href|height|width", function( elem, name, isXML ) {
+		if ( !isXML ) {
+			return elem.getAttribute( name, name.toLowerCase() === "type" ? 1 : 2 );
+		}
+	});
+}
+
+// Support: IE<9
+// Use defaultValue in place of getAttribute("value")
+if ( !support.attributes || !assert(function( div ) {
+	div.innerHTML = "<input/>";
+	div.firstChild.setAttribute( "value", "" );
+	return div.firstChild.getAttribute( "value" ) === "";
+}) ) {
+	addHandle( "value", function( elem, name, isXML ) {
+		if ( !isXML && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" ) {
+			return elem.defaultValue;
+		}
+	});
+}
+
+// Support: IE<9
+// Use getAttributeNode to fetch booleans when getAttribute lies
+if ( !assert(function( div ) {
+	return div.getAttribute("disabled") == null;
+}) ) {
+	addHandle( booleans, function( elem, name, isXML ) {
+		var val;
+		if ( !isXML ) {
+			return (val = elem.getAttributeNode( name )) && val.specified ?
+				val.value :
+				elem[ name ] === true ? name.toLowerCase() : null;
+		}
+	});
+}
+
+jQuery.find = Sizzle;
+jQuery.expr = Sizzle.selectors;
+jQuery.expr[":"] = jQuery.expr.pseudos;
+jQuery.unique = Sizzle.uniqueSort;
+jQuery.text = Sizzle.getText;
+jQuery.isXMLDoc = Sizzle.isXML;
+jQuery.contains = Sizzle.contains;
+
+
+})( window );
+// String to Object options format cache
+var optionsCache = {};
+
+// Convert String-formatted options into Object-formatted ones and store in cache
+function createOptions( options ) {
+	var object = optionsCache[ options ] = {};
+	jQuery.each( options.match( core_rnotwhite ) || [], function( _, flag ) {
+		object[ flag ] = true;
+	});
+	return object;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create a callback list using the following parameters:
+ *
+ *	options: an optional list of space-separated options that will change how
+ *			the callback list behaves or a more traditional option object
+ *
+ * By default a callback list will act like an event callback list and can be
+ * "fired" multiple times.
+ *
+ * Possible options:
+ *
+ *	once:			will ensure the callback list can only be fired once (like a Deferred)
+ *
+ *	memory:			will keep track of previous values and will call any callback added
+ *					after the list has been fired right away with the latest "memorized"
+ *					values (like a Deferred)
+ *
+ *	unique:			will ensure a callback can only be added once (no duplicate in the list)
+ *
+ *	stopOnFalse:	interrupt callings when a callback returns false
+ *
+ */
+jQuery.Callbacks = function( options ) {
+
+	// Convert options from String-formatted to Object-formatted if needed
+	// (we check in cache first)
+	options = typeof options === "string" ?
+		( optionsCache[ options ] || createOptions( options ) ) :
+		jQuery.extend( {}, options );
+
+	var // Flag to know if list is currently firing
+		firing,
+		// Last fire value (for non-forgettable lists)
+		memory,
+		// Flag to know if list was already fired
+		fired,
+		// End of the loop when firing
+		firingLength,
+		// Index of currently firing callback (modified by remove if needed)
+		firingIndex,
+		// First callback to fire (used internally by add and fireWith)
+		firingStart,
+		// Actual callback list
+		list = [],
+		// Stack of fire calls for repeatable lists
+		stack = !options.once && [],
+		// Fire callbacks
+		fire = function( data ) {
+			memory = options.memory && data;
+			fired = true;
+			firingIndex = firingStart || 0;
+			firingStart = 0;
+			firingLength = list.length;
+			firing = true;
+			for ( ; list && firingIndex < firingLength; firingIndex++ ) {
+				if ( list[ firingIndex ].apply( data[ 0 ], data[ 1 ] ) === false && options.stopOnFalse ) {
+					memory = false; // To prevent further calls using add
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			firing = false;
+			if ( list ) {
+				if ( stack ) {
+					if ( stack.length ) {
+						fire( stack.shift() );
+					}
+				} else if ( memory ) {
+					list = [];
+				} else {
+					self.disable();
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		// Actual Callbacks object
+		self = {
+			// Add a callback or a collection of callbacks to the list
+			add: function() {
+				if ( list ) {
+					// First, we save the current length
+					var start = list.length;
+					(function add( args ) {
+						jQuery.each( args, function( _, arg ) {
+							var type = jQuery.type( arg );
+							if ( type === "function" ) {
+								if ( !options.unique || !self.has( arg ) ) {
+									list.push( arg );
+								}
+							} else if ( arg && arg.length && type !== "string" ) {
+								// Inspect recursively
+								add( arg );
+							}
+						});
+					})( arguments );
+					// Do we need to add the callbacks to the
+					// current firing batch?
+					if ( firing ) {
+						firingLength = list.length;
+					// With memory, if we're not firing then
+					// we should call right away
+					} else if ( memory ) {
+						firingStart = start;
+						fire( memory );
+					}
+				}
+				return this;
+			},
+			// Remove a callback from the list
+			remove: function() {
+				if ( list ) {
+					jQuery.each( arguments, function( _, arg ) {
+						var index;
+						while( ( index = jQuery.inArray( arg, list, index ) ) > -1 ) {
+							list.splice( index, 1 );
+							// Handle firing indexes
+							if ( firing ) {
+								if ( index <= firingLength ) {
+									firingLength--;
+								}
+								if ( index <= firingIndex ) {
+									firingIndex--;
+								}
+							}
+						}
+					});
+				}
+				return this;
+			},
+			// Check if a given callback is in the list.
+			// If no argument is given, return whether or not list has callbacks attached.
+			has: function( fn ) {
+				return fn ? jQuery.inArray( fn, list ) > -1 : !!( list && list.length );
+			},
+			// Remove all callbacks from the list
+			empty: function() {
+				list = [];
+				firingLength = 0;
+				return this;
+			},
+			// Have the list do nothing anymore
+			disable: function() {
+				list = stack = memory = undefined;
+				return this;
+			},
+			// Is it disabled?
+			disabled: function() {
+				return !list;
+			},
+			// Lock the list in its current state
+			lock: function() {
+				stack = undefined;
+				if ( !memory ) {
+					self.disable();
+				}
+				return this;
+			},
+			// Is it locked?
+			locked: function() {
+				return !stack;
+			},
+			// Call all callbacks with the given context and arguments
+			fireWith: function( context, args ) {
+				if ( list && ( !fired || stack ) ) {
+					args = args || [];
+					args = [ context, args.slice ? args.slice() : args ];
+					if ( firing ) {
+						stack.push( args );
+					} else {
+						fire( args );
+					}
+				}
+				return this;
+			},
+			// Call all the callbacks with the given arguments
+			fire: function() {
+				self.fireWith( this, arguments );
+				return this;
+			},
+			// To know if the callbacks have already been called at least once
+			fired: function() {
+				return !!fired;
+			}
+		};
+
+	return self;
+};
+jQuery.extend({
+
+	Deferred: function( func ) {
+		var tuples = [
+				// action, add listener, listener list, final state
+				[ "resolve", "done", jQuery.Callbacks("once memory"), "resolved" ],
+				[ "reject", "fail", jQuery.Callbacks("once memory"), "rejected" ],
+				[ "notify", "progress", jQuery.Callbacks("memory") ]
+			],
+			state = "pending",
+			promise = {
+				state: function() {
+					return state;
+				},
+				always: function() {
+					deferred.done( arguments ).fail( arguments );
+					return this;
+				},
+				then: function( /* fnDone, fnFail, fnProgress */ ) {
+					var fns = arguments;
+					return jQuery.Deferred(function( newDefer ) {
+						jQuery.each( tuples, function( i, tuple ) {
+							var action = tuple[ 0 ],
+								fn = jQuery.isFunction( fns[ i ] ) && fns[ i ];
+							// deferred[ done | fail | progress ] for forwarding actions to newDefer
+							deferred[ tuple[1] ](function() {
+								var returned = fn && fn.apply( this, arguments );
+								if ( returned && jQuery.isFunction( returned.promise ) ) {
+									returned.promise()
+										.done( newDefer.resolve )
+										.fail( newDefer.reject )
+										.progress( newDefer.notify );
+								} else {
+									newDefer[ action + "With" ]( this === promise ? newDefer.promise() : this, fn ? [ returned ] : arguments );
+								}
+							});
+						});
+						fns = null;
+					}).promise();
+				},
+				// Get a promise for this deferred
+				// If obj is provided, the promise aspect is added to the object
+				promise: function( obj ) {
+					return obj != null ? jQuery.extend( obj, promise ) : promise;
+				}
+			},
+			deferred = {};
+
+		// Keep pipe for back-compat
+		promise.pipe = promise.then;
+
+		// Add list-specific methods
+		jQuery.each( tuples, function( i, tuple ) {
+			var list = tuple[ 2 ],
+				stateString = tuple[ 3 ];
+
+			// promise[ done | fail | progress ] = list.add
+			promise[ tuple[1] ] = list.add;
+
+			// Handle state
+			if ( stateString ) {
+				list.add(function() {
+					// state = [ resolved | rejected ]
+					state = stateString;
+
+				// [ reject_list | resolve_list ].disable; progress_list.lock
+				}, tuples[ i ^ 1 ][ 2 ].disable, tuples[ 2 ][ 2 ].lock );
+			}
+
+			// deferred[ resolve | reject | notify ]
+			deferred[ tuple[0] ] = function() {
+				deferred[ tuple[0] + "With" ]( this === deferred ? promise : this, arguments );
+				return this;
+			};
+			deferred[ tuple[0] + "With" ] = list.fireWith;
+		});
+
+		// Make the deferred a promise
+		promise.promise( deferred );
+
+		// Call given func if any
+		if ( func ) {
+			func.call( deferred, deferred );
+		}
+
+		// All done!
+		return deferred;
+	},
+
+	// Deferred helper
+	when: function( subordinate /* , ..., subordinateN */ ) {
+		var i = 0,
+			resolveValues = core_slice.call( arguments ),
+			length = resolveValues.length,
+
+			// the count of uncompleted subordinates
+			remaining = length !== 1 || ( subordinate && jQuery.isFunction( subordinate.promise ) ) ? length : 0,
+
+			// the master Deferred. If resolveValues consist of only a single Deferred, just use that.
+			deferred = remaining === 1 ? subordinate : jQuery.Deferred(),
+
+			// Update function for both resolve and progress values
+			updateFunc = function( i, contexts, values ) {
+				return function( value ) {
+					contexts[ i ] = this;
+					values[ i ] = arguments.length > 1 ? core_slice.call( arguments ) : value;
+					if( values === progressValues ) {
+						deferred.notifyWith( contexts, values );
+					} else if ( !( --remaining ) ) {
+						deferred.resolveWith( contexts, values );
+					}
+				};
+			},
+
+			progressValues, progressContexts, resolveContexts;
+
+		// add listeners to Deferred subordinates; treat others as resolved
+		if ( length > 1 ) {
+			progressValues = new Array( length );
+			progressContexts = new Array( length );
+			resolveContexts = new Array( length );
+			for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
+				if ( resolveValues[ i ] && jQuery.isFunction( resolveValues[ i ].promise ) ) {
+					resolveValues[ i ].promise()
+						.done( updateFunc( i, resolveContexts, resolveValues ) )
+						.fail( deferred.reject )
+						.progress( updateFunc( i, progressContexts, progressValues ) );
+				} else {
+					--remaining;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// if we're not waiting on anything, resolve the master
+		if ( !remaining ) {
+			deferred.resolveWith( resolveContexts, resolveValues );
+		}
+
+		return deferred.promise();
+	}
+});
+jQuery.support = (function( support ) {
+
+	var all, a, input, select, fragment, opt, eventName, isSupported, i,
+		div = document.createElement("div");
+
+	// Setup
+	div.setAttribute( "className", "t" );
+	div.innerHTML = "  <link/><table></table><a href='/a'>a</a><input type='checkbox'/>";
+
+	// Finish early in limited (non-browser) environments
+	all = div.getElementsByTagName("*") || [];
+	a = div.getElementsByTagName("a")[ 0 ];
+	if ( !a || !a.style || !all.length ) {
+		return support;
+	}
+
+	// First batch of tests
+	select = document.createElement("select");
+	opt = select.appendChild( document.createElement("option") );
+	input = div.getElementsByTagName("input")[ 0 ];
+
+	a.style.cssText = "top:1px;float:left;opacity:.5";
+
+	// Test setAttribute on camelCase class. If it works, we need attrFixes when doing get/setAttribute (ie6/7)
+	support.getSetAttribute = div.className !== "t";
+
+	// IE strips leading whitespace when .innerHTML is used
+	support.leadingWhitespace = div.firstChild.nodeType === 3;
+
+	// Make sure that tbody elements aren't automatically inserted
+	// IE will insert them into empty tables
+	support.tbody = !div.getElementsByTagName("tbody").length;
+
+	// Make sure that link elements get serialized correctly by innerHTML
+	// This requires a wrapper element in IE
+	support.htmlSerialize = !!div.getElementsByTagName("link").length;
+
+	// Get the style information from getAttribute
+	// (IE uses .cssText instead)
+	support.style = /top/.test( a.getAttribute("style") );
+
+	// Make sure that URLs aren't manipulated
+	// (IE normalizes it by default)
+	support.hrefNormalized = a.getAttribute("href") === "/a";
+
+	// Make sure that element opacity exists
+	// (IE uses filter instead)
+	// Use a regex to work around a WebKit issue. See #5145
+	support.opacity = /^0.5/.test( a.style.opacity );
+
+	// Verify style float existence
+	// (IE uses styleFloat instead of cssFloat)
+	support.cssFloat = !!a.style.cssFloat;
+
+	// Check the default checkbox/radio value ("" on WebKit; "on" elsewhere)
+	support.checkOn = !!input.value;
+
+	// Make sure that a selected-by-default option has a working selected property.
+	// (WebKit defaults to false instead of true, IE too, if it's in an optgroup)
+	support.optSelected = opt.selected;
+
+	// Tests for enctype support on a form (#6743)
+	support.enctype = !!document.createElement("form").enctype;
+
+	// Makes sure cloning an html5 element does not cause problems
+	// Where outerHTML is undefined, this still works
+	support.html5Clone = document.createElement("nav").cloneNode( true ).outerHTML !== "<:nav></:nav>";
+
+	// Will be defined later
+	support.inlineBlockNeedsLayout = false;
+	support.shrinkWrapBlocks = false;
+	support.pixelPosition = false;
+	support.deleteExpando = true;
+	support.noCloneEvent = true;
+	support.reliableMarginRight = true;
+	support.boxSizingReliable = true;
+
+	// Make sure checked status is properly cloned
+	input.checked = true;
+	support.noCloneChecked = input.cloneNode( true ).checked;
+
+	// Make sure that the options inside disabled selects aren't marked as disabled
+	// (WebKit marks them as disabled)
+	select.disabled = true;
+	support.optDisabled = !opt.disabled;
+
+	// Support: IE<9
+	try {
+		delete div.test;
+	} catch( e ) {
+		support.deleteExpando = false;
+	}
+
+	// Check if we can trust getAttribute("value")
+	input = document.createElement("input");
+	input.setAttribute( "value", "" );
+	support.input = input.getAttribute( "value" ) === "";
+
+	// Check if an input maintains its value after becoming a radio
+	input.value = "t";
+	input.setAttribute( "type", "radio" );
+	support.radioValue = input.value === "t";
+
+	// #11217 - WebKit loses check when the name is after the checked attribute
+	input.setAttribute( "checked", "t" );
+	input.setAttribute( "name", "t" );
+
+	fragment = document.createDocumentFragment();
+	fragment.appendChild( input );
+
+	// Check if a disconnected checkbox will retain its checked
+	// value of true after appended to the DOM (IE6/7)
+	support.appendChecked = input.checked;
+
+	// WebKit doesn't clone checked state correctly in fragments
+	support.checkClone = fragment.cloneNode( true ).cloneNode( true ).lastChild.checked;
+
+	// Support: IE<9
+	// Opera does not clone events (and typeof div.attachEvent === undefined).
+	// IE9-10 clones events bound via attachEvent, but they don't trigger with .click()
+	if ( div.attachEvent ) {
+		div.attachEvent( "onclick", function() {
+			support.noCloneEvent = false;
+		});
+
+		div.cloneNode( true ).click();
+	}
+
+	// Support: IE<9 (lack submit/change bubble), Firefox 17+ (lack focusin event)
+	// Beware of CSP restrictions (https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Security/CSP)
+	for ( i in { submit: true, change: true, focusin: true }) {
+		div.setAttribute( eventName = "on" + i, "t" );
+
+		support[ i + "Bubbles" ] = eventName in window || div.attributes[ eventName ].expando === false;
+	}
+
+	div.style.backgroundClip = "content-box";
+	div.cloneNode( true ).style.backgroundClip = "";
+	support.clearCloneStyle = div.style.backgroundClip === "content-box";
+
+	// Support: IE<9
+	// Iteration over object's inherited properties before its own.
+	for ( i in jQuery( support ) ) {
+		break;
+	}
+	support.ownLast = i !== "0";
+
+	// Run tests that need a body at doc ready
+	jQuery(function() {
+		var container, marginDiv, tds,
+			divReset = "padding:0;margin:0;border:0;display:block;box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;",
+			body = document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0];
+
+		if ( !body ) {
+			// Return for frameset docs that don't have a body
+			return;
+		}
+
+		container = document.createElement("div");
+		container.style.cssText = "border:0;width:0;height:0;position:absolute;top:0;left:-9999px;margin-top:1px";
+
+		body.appendChild( container ).appendChild( div );
+
+		// Support: IE8
+		// Check if table cells still have offsetWidth/Height when they are set
+		// to display:none and there are still other visible table cells in a
+		// table row; if so, offsetWidth/Height are not reliable for use when
+		// determining if an element has been hidden directly using
+		// display:none (it is still safe to use offsets if a parent element is
+		// hidden; don safety goggles and see bug #4512 for more information).
+		div.innerHTML = "<table><tr><td></td><td>t</td></tr></table>";
+		tds = div.getElementsByTagName("td");
+		tds[ 0 ].style.cssText = "padding:0;margin:0;border:0;display:none";
+		isSupported = ( tds[ 0 ].offsetHeight === 0 );
+
+		tds[ 0 ].style.display = "";
+		tds[ 1 ].style.display = "none";
+
+		// Support: IE8
+		// Check if empty table cells still have offsetWidth/Height
+		support.reliableHiddenOffsets = isSupported && ( tds[ 0 ].offsetHeight === 0 );
+
+		// Check box-sizing and margin behavior.
+		div.innerHTML = "";
+		div.style.cssText = "box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;padding:1px;border:1px;display:block;width:4px;margin-top:1%;position:absolute;top:1%;";
+
+		// Workaround failing boxSizing test due to offsetWidth returning wrong value
+		// with some non-1 values of body zoom, ticket #13543
+		jQuery.swap( body, body.style.zoom != null ? { zoom: 1 } : {}, function() {
+			support.boxSizing = div.offsetWidth === 4;
+		});
+
+		// Use window.getComputedStyle because jsdom on node.js will break without it.
+		if ( window.getComputedStyle ) {
+			support.pixelPosition = ( window.getComputedStyle( div, null ) || {} ).top !== "1%";
+			support.boxSizingReliable = ( window.getComputedStyle( div, null ) || { width: "4px" } ).width === "4px";
+
+			// Check if div with explicit width and no margin-right incorrectly
+			// gets computed margin-right based on width of container. (#3333)
+			// Fails in WebKit before Feb 2011 nightlies
+			// WebKit Bug 13343 - getComputedStyle returns wrong value for margin-right
+			marginDiv = div.appendChild( document.createElement("div") );
+			marginDiv.style.cssText = div.style.cssText = divReset;
+			marginDiv.style.marginRight = marginDiv.style.width = "0";
+			div.style.width = "1px";
+
+			support.reliableMarginRight =
+				!parseFloat( ( window.getComputedStyle( marginDiv, null ) || {} ).marginRight );
+		}
+
+		if ( typeof div.style.zoom !== core_strundefined ) {
+			// Support: IE<8
+			// Check if natively block-level elements act like inline-block
+			// elements when setting their display to 'inline' and giving
+			// them layout
+			div.innerHTML = "";
+			div.style.cssText = divReset + "width:1px;padding:1px;display:inline;zoom:1";
+			support.inlineBlockNeedsLayout = ( div.offsetWidth === 3 );
+
+			// Support: IE6
+			// Check if elements with layout shrink-wrap their children
+			div.style.display = "block";
+			div.innerHTML = "<div></div>";
+			div.firstChild.style.width = "5px";
+			support.shrinkWrapBlocks = ( div.offsetWidth !== 3 );
+
+			if ( support.inlineBlockNeedsLayout ) {
+				// Prevent IE 6 from affecting layout for positioned elements #11048
+				// Prevent IE from shrinking the body in IE 7 mode #12869
+				// Support: IE<8
+				body.style.zoom = 1;
+			}
+		}
+
+		body.removeChild( container );
+
+		// Null elements to avoid leaks in IE
+		container = div = tds = marginDiv = null;
+	});
+
+	// Null elements to avoid leaks in IE
+	all = select = fragment = opt = a = input = null;
+
+	return support;
+})({});
+
+var rbrace = /(?:\{[\s\S]*\}|\[[\s\S]*\])$/,
+	rmultiDash = /([A-Z])/g;
+
+function internalData( elem, name, data, pvt /* Internal Use Only */ ){
+	if ( !jQuery.acceptData( elem ) ) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	var ret, thisCache,
+		internalKey = jQuery.expando,
+
+		// We have to handle DOM nodes and JS objects differently because IE6-7
+		// can't GC object references properly across the DOM-JS boundary
+		isNode = elem.nodeType,
+
+		// Only DOM nodes need the global jQuery cache; JS object data is
+		// attached directly to the object so GC can occur automatically
+		cache = isNode ? jQuery.cache : elem,
+
+		// Only defining an ID for JS objects if its cache already exists allows
+		// the code to shortcut on the same path as a DOM node with no cache
+		id = isNode ? elem[ internalKey ] : elem[ internalKey ] && internalKey;
+
+	// Avoid doing any more work than we need to when trying to get data on an
+	// object that has no data at all
+	if ( (!id || !cache[id] || (!pvt && !cache[id].data)) && data === undefined && typeof name === "string" ) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if ( !id ) {
+		// Only DOM nodes need a new unique ID for each element since their data
+		// ends up in the global cache
+		if ( isNode ) {
+			id = elem[ internalKey ] = core_deletedIds.pop() || jQuery.guid++;
+		} else {
+			id = internalKey;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ( !cache[ id ] ) {
+		// Avoid exposing jQuery metadata on plain JS objects when the object
+		// is serialized using JSON.stringify
+		cache[ id ] = isNode ? {} : { toJSON: jQuery.noop };
+	}
+
+	// An object can be passed to jQuery.data instead of a key/value pair; this gets
+	// shallow copied over onto the existing cache
+	if ( typeof name === "object" || typeof name === "function" ) {
+		if ( pvt ) {
+			cache[ id ] = jQuery.extend( cache[ id ], name );
+		} else {
+			cache[ id ].data = jQuery.extend( cache[ id ].data, name );
+		}
+	}
+
+	thisCache = cache[ id ];
+
+	// jQuery data() is stored in a separate object inside the object's internal data
+	// cache in order to avoid key collisions between internal data and user-defined
+	// data.
+	if ( !pvt ) {
+		if ( !thisCache.data ) {
+			thisCache.data = {};
+		}
+
+		thisCache = thisCache.data;
+	}
+
+	if ( data !== undefined ) {
+		thisCache[ jQuery.camelCase( name ) ] = data;
+	}
+
+	// Check for both converted-to-camel and non-converted data property names
+	// If a data property was specified
+	if ( typeof name === "string" ) {
+
+		// First Try to find as-is property data
+		ret = thisCache[ name ];
+
+		// Test for null|undefined property data
+		if ( ret == null ) {
+
+			// Try to find the camelCased property
+			ret = thisCache[ jQuery.camelCase( name ) ];
+		}
+	} else {
+		ret = thisCache;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+function internalRemoveData( elem, name, pvt ) {
+	if ( !jQuery.acceptData( elem ) ) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	var thisCache, i,
+		isNode = elem.nodeType,
+
+		// See jQuery.data for more information
+		cache = isNode ? jQuery.cache : elem,
+		id = isNode ? elem[ jQuery.expando ] : jQuery.expando;
+
+	// If there is already no cache entry for this object, there is no
+	// purpose in continuing
+	if ( !cache[ id ] ) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if ( name ) {
+
+		thisCache = pvt ? cache[ id ] : cache[ id ].data;
+
+		if ( thisCache ) {
+
+			// Support array or space separated string names for data keys
+			if ( !jQuery.isArray( name ) ) {
+
+				// try the string as a key before any manipulation
+				if ( name in thisCache ) {
+					name = [ name ];
+				} else {
+
+					// split the camel cased version by spaces unless a key with the spaces exists
+					name = jQuery.camelCase( name );
+					if ( name in thisCache ) {
+						name = [ name ];
+					} else {
+						name = name.split(" ");
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				// If "name" is an array of keys...
+				// When data is initially created, via ("key", "val") signature,
+				// keys will be converted to camelCase.
+				// Since there is no way to tell _how_ a key was added, remove
+				// both plain key and camelCase key. #12786
+				// This will only penalize the array argument path.
+				name = name.concat( jQuery.map( name, jQuery.camelCase ) );
+			}
+
+			i = name.length;
+			while ( i-- ) {
+				delete thisCache[ name[i] ];
+			}
+
+			// If there is no data left in the cache, we want to continue
+			// and let the cache object itself get destroyed
+			if ( pvt ? !isEmptyDataObject(thisCache) : !jQuery.isEmptyObject(thisCache) ) {
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// See jQuery.data for more information
+	if ( !pvt ) {
+		delete cache[ id ].data;
+
+		// Don't destroy the parent cache unless the internal data object
+		// had been the only thing left in it
+		if ( !isEmptyDataObject( cache[ id ] ) ) {
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Destroy the cache
+	if ( isNode ) {
+		jQuery.cleanData( [ elem ], true );
+
+	// Use delete when supported for expandos or `cache` is not a window per isWindow (#10080)
+	/* jshint eqeqeq: false */
+	} else if ( jQuery.support.deleteExpando || cache != cache.window ) {
+		/* jshint eqeqeq: true */
+		delete cache[ id ];
+
+	// When all else fails, null
+	} else {
+		cache[ id ] = null;
+	}
+}
+
+jQuery.extend({
+	cache: {},
+
+	// The following elements throw uncatchable exceptions if you
+	// attempt to add expando properties to them.
+	noData: {
+		"applet": true,
+		"embed": true,
+		// Ban all objects except for Flash (which handle expandos)
+		"object": "clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"
+	},
+
+	hasData: function( elem ) {
+		elem = elem.nodeType ? jQuery.cache[ elem[jQuery.expando] ] : elem[ jQuery.expando ];
+		return !!elem && !isEmptyDataObject( elem );
+	},
+
+	data: function( elem, name, data ) {
+		return internalData( elem, name, data );
+	},
+
+	removeData: function( elem, name ) {
+		return internalRemoveData( elem, name );
+	},
+
+	// For internal use only.
+	_data: function( elem, name, data ) {
+		return internalData( elem, name, data, true );
+	},
+
+	_removeData: function( elem, name ) {
+		return internalRemoveData( elem, name, true );
+	},
+
+	// A method for determining if a DOM node can handle the data expando
+	acceptData: function( elem ) {
+		// Do not set data on non-element because it will not be cleared (#8335).
+		if ( elem.nodeType && elem.nodeType !== 1 && elem.nodeType !== 9 ) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		var noData = elem.nodeName && jQuery.noData[ elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ];
+
+		// nodes accept data unless otherwise specified; rejection can be conditional
+		return !noData || noData !== true && elem.getAttribute("classid") === noData;
+	}
+});
+
+jQuery.fn.extend({
+	data: function( key, value ) {
+		var attrs, name,
+			data = null,
+			i = 0,
+			elem = this[0];
+
+		// Special expections of .data basically thwart jQuery.access,
+		// so implement the relevant behavior ourselves
+
+		// Gets all values
+		if ( key === undefined ) {
+			if ( this.length ) {
+				data = jQuery.data( elem );
+
+				if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && !jQuery._data( elem, "parsedAttrs" ) ) {
+					attrs = elem.attributes;
+					for ( ; i < attrs.length; i++ ) {
+						name = attrs[i].name;
+
+						if ( name.indexOf("data-") === 0 ) {
+							name = jQuery.camelCase( name.slice(5) );
+
+							dataAttr( elem, name, data[ name ] );
+						}
+					}
+					jQuery._data( elem, "parsedAttrs", true );
+				}
+			}
+
+			return data;
+		}
+
+		// Sets multiple values
+		if ( typeof key === "object" ) {
+			return this.each(function() {
+				jQuery.data( this, key );
+			});
+		}
+
+		return arguments.length > 1 ?
+
+			// Sets one value
+			this.each(function() {
+				jQuery.data( this, key, value );
+			}) :
+
+			// Gets one value
+			// Try to fetch any internally stored data first
+			elem ? dataAttr( elem, key, jQuery.data( elem, key ) ) : null;
+	},
+
+	removeData: function( key ) {
+		return this.each(function() {
+			jQuery.removeData( this, key );
+		});
+	}
+});
+
+function dataAttr( elem, key, data ) {
+	// If nothing was found internally, try to fetch any
+	// data from the HTML5 data-* attribute
+	if ( data === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
+
+		var name = "data-" + key.replace( rmultiDash, "-$1" ).toLowerCase();
+
+		data = elem.getAttribute( name );
+
+		if ( typeof data === "string" ) {
+			try {
+				data = data === "true" ? true :
+					data === "false" ? false :
+					data === "null" ? null :
+					// Only convert to a number if it doesn't change the string
+					+data + "" === data ? +data :
+					rbrace.test( data ) ? jQuery.parseJSON( data ) :
+						data;
+			} catch( e ) {}
+
+			// Make sure we set the data so it isn't changed later
+			jQuery.data( elem, key, data );
+
+		} else {
+			data = undefined;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return data;
+}
+
+// checks a cache object for emptiness
+function isEmptyDataObject( obj ) {
+	var name;
+	for ( name in obj ) {
+
+		// if the public data object is empty, the private is still empty
+		if ( name === "data" && jQuery.isEmptyObject( obj[name] ) ) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		if ( name !== "toJSON" ) {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+jQuery.extend({
+	queue: function( elem, type, data ) {
+		var queue;
+
+		if ( elem ) {
+			type = ( type || "fx" ) + "queue";
+			queue = jQuery._data( elem, type );
+
+			// Speed up dequeue by getting out quickly if this is just a lookup
+			if ( data ) {
+				if ( !queue || jQuery.isArray(data) ) {
+					queue = jQuery._data( elem, type, jQuery.makeArray(data) );
+				} else {
+					queue.push( data );
+				}
+			}
+			return queue || [];
+		}
+	},
+
+	dequeue: function( elem, type ) {
+		type = type || "fx";
+
+		var queue = jQuery.queue( elem, type ),
+			startLength = queue.length,
+			fn = queue.shift(),
+			hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, type ),
+			next = function() {
+				jQuery.dequeue( elem, type );
+			};
+
+		// If the fx queue is dequeued, always remove the progress sentinel
+		if ( fn === "inprogress" ) {
+			fn = queue.shift();
+			startLength--;
+		}
+
+		if ( fn ) {
+
+			// Add a progress sentinel to prevent the fx queue from being
+			// automatically dequeued
+			if ( type === "fx" ) {
+				queue.unshift( "inprogress" );
+			}
+
+			// clear up the last queue stop function
+			delete hooks.stop;
+			fn.call( elem, next, hooks );
+		}
+
+		if ( !startLength && hooks ) {
+			hooks.empty.fire();
+		}
+	},
+
+	// not intended for public consumption - generates a queueHooks object, or returns the current one
+	_queueHooks: function( elem, type ) {
+		var key = type + "queueHooks";
+		return jQuery._data( elem, key ) || jQuery._data( elem, key, {
+			empty: jQuery.Callbacks("once memory").add(function() {
+				jQuery._removeData( elem, type + "queue" );
+				jQuery._removeData( elem, key );
+			})
+		});
+	}
+});
+
+jQuery.fn.extend({
+	queue: function( type, data ) {
+		var setter = 2;
+
+		if ( typeof type !== "string" ) {
+			data = type;
+			type = "fx";
+			setter--;
+		}
+
+		if ( arguments.length < setter ) {
+			return jQuery.queue( this[0], type );
+		}
+
+		return data === undefined ?
+			this :
+			this.each(function() {
+				var queue = jQuery.queue( this, type, data );
+
+				// ensure a hooks for this queue
+				jQuery._queueHooks( this, type );
+
+				if ( type === "fx" && queue[0] !== "inprogress" ) {
+					jQuery.dequeue( this, type );
+				}
+			});
+	},
+	dequeue: function( type ) {
+		return this.each(function() {
+			jQuery.dequeue( this, type );
+		});
+	},
+	// Based off of the plugin by Clint Helfers, with permission.
+	// http://blindsignals.com/index.php/2009/07/jquery-delay/
+	delay: function( time, type ) {
+		time = jQuery.fx ? jQuery.fx.speeds[ time ] || time : time;
+		type = type || "fx";
+
+		return this.queue( type, function( next, hooks ) {
+			var timeout = setTimeout( next, time );
+			hooks.stop = function() {
+				clearTimeout( timeout );
+			};
+		});
+	},
+	clearQueue: function( type ) {
+		return this.queue( type || "fx", [] );
+	},
+	// Get a promise resolved when queues of a certain type
+	// are emptied (fx is the type by default)
+	promise: function( type, obj ) {
+		var tmp,
+			count = 1,
+			defer = jQuery.Deferred(),
+			elements = this,
+			i = this.length,
+			resolve = function() {
+				if ( !( --count ) ) {
+					defer.resolveWith( elements, [ elements ] );
+				}
+			};
+
+		if ( typeof type !== "string" ) {
+			obj = type;
+			type = undefined;
+		}
+		type = type || "fx";
+
+		while( i-- ) {
+			tmp = jQuery._data( elements[ i ], type + "queueHooks" );
+			if ( tmp && tmp.empty ) {
+				count++;
+				tmp.empty.add( resolve );
+			}
+		}
+		resolve();
+		return defer.promise( obj );
+	}
+});
+var nodeHook, boolHook,
+	rclass = /[\t\r\n\f]/g,
+	rreturn = /\r/g,
+	rfocusable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button|object)$/i,
+	rclickable = /^(?:a|area)$/i,
+	ruseDefault = /^(?:checked|selected)$/i,
+	getSetAttribute = jQuery.support.getSetAttribute,
+	getSetInput = jQuery.support.input;
+
+jQuery.fn.extend({
+	attr: function( name, value ) {
+		return jQuery.access( this, jQuery.attr, name, value, arguments.length > 1 );
+	},
+
+	removeAttr: function( name ) {
+		return this.each(function() {
+			jQuery.removeAttr( this, name );
+		});
+	},
+
+	prop: function( name, value ) {
+		return jQuery.access( this, jQuery.prop, name, value, arguments.length > 1 );
+	},
+
+	removeProp: function( name ) {
+		name = jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name;
+		return this.each(function() {
+			// try/catch handles cases where IE balks (such as removing a property on window)
+			try {
+				this[ name ] = undefined;
+				delete this[ name ];
+			} catch( e ) {}
+		});
+	},
+
+	addClass: function( value ) {
+		var classes, elem, cur, clazz, j,
+			i = 0,
+			len = this.length,
+			proceed = typeof value === "string" && value;
+
+		if ( jQuery.isFunction( value ) ) {
+			return this.each(function( j ) {
+				jQuery( this ).addClass( value.call( this, j, this.className ) );
+			});
+		}
+
+		if ( proceed ) {
+			// The disjunction here is for better compressibility (see removeClass)
+			classes = ( value || "" ).match( core_rnotwhite ) || [];
+
+			for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
+				elem = this[ i ];
+				cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( elem.className ?
+					( " " + elem.className + " " ).replace( rclass, " " ) :
+					" "
+				);
+
+				if ( cur ) {
+					j = 0;
+					while ( (clazz = classes[j++]) ) {
+						if ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) < 0 ) {
+							cur += clazz + " ";
+						}
+					}
+					elem.className = jQuery.trim( cur );
+
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return this;
+	},
+
+	removeClass: function( value ) {
+		var classes, elem, cur, clazz, j,
+			i = 0,
+			len = this.length,
+			proceed = arguments.length === 0 || typeof value === "string" && value;
+
+		if ( jQuery.isFunction( value ) ) {
+			return this.each(function( j ) {
+				jQuery( this ).removeClass( value.call( this, j, this.className ) );
+			});
+		}
+		if ( proceed ) {
+			classes = ( value || "" ).match( core_rnotwhite ) || [];
+
+			for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
+				elem = this[ i ];
+				// This expression is here for better compressibility (see addClass)
+				cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( elem.className ?
+					( " " + elem.className + " " ).replace( rclass, " " ) :
+					""
+				);
+
+				if ( cur ) {
+					j = 0;
+					while ( (clazz = classes[j++]) ) {
+						// Remove *all* instances
+						while ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) >= 0 ) {
+							cur = cur.replace( " " + clazz + " ", " " );
+						}
+					}
+					elem.className = value ? jQuery.trim( cur ) : "";
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return this;
+	},
+
+	toggleClass: function( value, stateVal ) {
+		var type = typeof value;
+
+		if ( typeof stateVal === "boolean" && type === "string" ) {
+			return stateVal ? this.addClass( value ) : this.removeClass( value );
+		}
+
+		if ( jQuery.isFunction( value ) ) {
+			return this.each(function( i ) {
+				jQuery( this ).toggleClass( value.call(this, i, this.className, stateVal), stateVal );
+			});
+		}
+
+		return this.each(function() {
+			if ( type === "string" ) {
+				// toggle individual class names
+				var className,
+					i = 0,
+					self = jQuery( this ),
+					classNames = value.match( core_rnotwhite ) || [];
+
+				while ( (className = classNames[ i++ ]) ) {
+					// check each className given, space separated list
+					if ( self.hasClass( className ) ) {
+						self.removeClass( className );
+					} else {
+						self.addClass( className );
+					}
+				}
+
+			// Toggle whole class name
+			} else if ( type === core_strundefined || type === "boolean" ) {
+				if ( this.className ) {
+					// store className if set
+					jQuery._data( this, "__className__", this.className );
+				}
+
+				// If the element has a class name or if we're passed "false",
+				// then remove the whole classname (if there was one, the above saved it).
+				// Otherwise bring back whatever was previously saved (if anything),
+				// falling back to the empty string if nothing was stored.
+				this.className = this.className || value === false ? "" : jQuery._data( this, "__className__" ) || "";
+			}
+		});
+	},
+
+	hasClass: function( selector ) {
+		var className = " " + selector + " ",
+			i = 0,
+			l = this.length;
+		for ( ; i < l; i++ ) {
+			if ( this[i].nodeType === 1 && (" " + this[i].className + " ").replace(rclass, " ").indexOf( className ) >= 0 ) {
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return false;
+	},
+
+	val: function( value ) {
+		var ret, hooks, isFunction,
+			elem = this[0];
+
+		if ( !arguments.length ) {
+			if ( elem ) {
+				hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ elem.type ] || jQuery.valHooks[ elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ];
+
+				if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && (ret = hooks.get( elem, "value" )) !== undefined ) {
+					return ret;
+				}
+
+				ret = elem.value;
+
+				return typeof ret === "string" ?
+					// handle most common string cases
+					ret.replace(rreturn, "") :
+					// handle cases where value is null/undef or number
+					ret == null ? "" : ret;
+			}
+
+			return;
+		}
+
+		isFunction = jQuery.isFunction( value );
+
+		return this.each(function( i ) {
+			var val;
+
+			if ( this.nodeType !== 1 ) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			if ( isFunction ) {
+				val = value.call( this, i, jQuery( this ).val() );
+			} else {
+				val = value;
+			}
+
+			// Treat null/undefined as ""; convert numbers to string
+			if ( val == null ) {
+				val = "";
+			} else if ( typeof val === "number" ) {
+				val += "";
+			} else if ( jQuery.isArray( val ) ) {
+				val = jQuery.map(val, function ( value ) {
+					return value == null ? "" : value + "";
+				});
+			}
+
+			hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ this.type ] || jQuery.valHooks[ this.nodeName.toLowerCase() ];
+
+			// If set returns undefined, fall back to normal setting
+			if ( !hooks || !("set" in hooks) || hooks.set( this, val, "value" ) === undefined ) {
+				this.value = val;
+			}
+		});
+	}
+});
+
+jQuery.extend({
+	valHooks: {
+		option: {
+			get: function( elem ) {
+				// Use proper attribute retrieval(#6932, #12072)
+				var val = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "value" );
+				return val != null ?
+					val :
+					elem.text;
+			}
+		},
+		select: {
+			get: function( elem ) {
+				var value, option,
+					options = elem.options,
+					index = elem.selectedIndex,
+					one = elem.type === "select-one" || index < 0,
+					values = one ? null : [],
+					max = one ? index + 1 : options.length,
+					i = index < 0 ?
+						max :
+						one ? index : 0;
+
+				// Loop through all the selected options
+				for ( ; i < max; i++ ) {
+					option = options[ i ];
+
+					// oldIE doesn't update selected after form reset (#2551)
+					if ( ( option.selected || i === index ) &&
+							// Don't return options that are disabled or in a disabled optgroup
+							( jQuery.support.optDisabled ? !option.disabled : option.getAttribute("disabled") === null ) &&
+							( !option.parentNode.disabled || !jQuery.nodeName( option.parentNode, "optgroup" ) ) ) {
+
+						// Get the specific value for the option
+						value = jQuery( option ).val();
+
+						// We don't need an array for one selects
+						if ( one ) {
+							return value;
+						}
+
+						// Multi-Selects return an array
+						values.push( value );
+					}
+				}
+
+				return values;
+			},
+
+			set: function( elem, value ) {
+				var optionSet, option,
+					options = elem.options,
+					values = jQuery.makeArray( value ),
+					i = options.length;
+
+				while ( i-- ) {
+					option = options[ i ];
+					if ( (option.selected = jQuery.inArray( jQuery(option).val(), values ) >= 0) ) {
+						optionSet = true;
+					}
+				}
+
+				// force browsers to behave consistently when non-matching value is set
+				if ( !optionSet ) {
+					elem.selectedIndex = -1;
+				}
+				return values;
+			}
+		}
+	},
+
+	attr: function( elem, name, value ) {
+		var hooks, ret,
+			nType = elem.nodeType;
+
+		// don't get/set attributes on text, comment and attribute nodes
+		if ( !elem || nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Fallback to prop when attributes are not supported
+		if ( typeof elem.getAttribute === core_strundefined ) {
+			return jQuery.prop( elem, name, value );
+		}
+
+		// All attributes are lowercase
+		// Grab necessary hook if one is defined
+		if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) {
+			name = name.toLowerCase();
+			hooks = jQuery.attrHooks[ name ] ||
+				( jQuery.expr.match.bool.test( name ) ? boolHook : nodeHook );
+		}
+
+		if ( value !== undefined ) {
+
+			if ( value === null ) {
+				jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name );
+
+			} else if ( hooks && "set" in hooks && (ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name )) !== undefined ) {
+				return ret;
+
+			} else {
+				elem.setAttribute( name, value + "" );
+				return value;
+			}
+
+		} else if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && (ret = hooks.get( elem, name )) !== null ) {
+			return ret;
+
+		} else {
+			ret = jQuery.find.attr( elem, name );
+
+			// Non-existent attributes return null, we normalize to undefined
+			return ret == null ?
+				undefined :
+				ret;
+		}
+	},
+
+	removeAttr: function( elem, value ) {
+		var name, propName,
+			i = 0,
+			attrNames = value && value.match( core_rnotwhite );
+
+		if ( attrNames && elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
+			while ( (name = attrNames[i++]) ) {
+				propName = jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name;
+
+				// Boolean attributes get special treatment (#10870)
+				if ( jQuery.expr.match.bool.test( name ) ) {
+					// Set corresponding property to false
+					if ( getSetInput && getSetAttribute || !ruseDefault.test( name ) ) {
+						elem[ propName ] = false;
+					// Support: IE<9
+					// Also clear defaultChecked/defaultSelected (if appropriate)
+					} else {
+						elem[ jQuery.camelCase( "default-" + name ) ] =
+							elem[ propName ] = false;
+					}
+
+				// See #9699 for explanation of this approach (setting first, then removal)
+				} else {
+					jQuery.attr( elem, name, "" );
+				}
+
+				elem.removeAttribute( getSetAttribute ? name : propName );
+			}
+		}
+	},
+
+	attrHooks: {
+		type: {
+			set: function( elem, value ) {
+				if ( !jQuery.support.radioValue && value === "radio" && jQuery.nodeName(elem, "input") ) {
+					// Setting the type on a radio button after the value resets the value in IE6-9
+					// Reset value to default in case type is set after value during creation
+					var val = elem.value;
+					elem.setAttribute( "type", value );
+					if ( val ) {
+						elem.value = val;
+					}
+					return value;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	},
+
+	propFix: {
+		"for": "htmlFor",
+		"class": "className"
+	},
+
+	prop: function( elem, name, value ) {
+		var ret, hooks, notxml,
+			nType = elem.nodeType;
+
+		// don't get/set properties on text, comment and attribute nodes
+		if ( !elem || nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		notxml = nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem );
+
+		if ( notxml ) {
+			// Fix name and attach hooks
+			name = jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name;
+			hooks = jQuery.propHooks[ name ];
+		}
+
+		if ( value !== undefined ) {
+			return hooks && "set" in hooks && (ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name )) !== undefined ?
+				ret :
+				( elem[ name ] = value );
+
+		} else {
+			return hooks && "get" in hooks && (ret = hooks.get( elem, name )) !== null ?
+				ret :
+				elem[ name ];
+		}
+	},
+
+	propHooks: {
+		tabIndex: {
+			get: function( elem ) {
+				// elem.tabIndex doesn't always return the correct value when it hasn't been explicitly set
+				// http://fluidproject.org/blog/2008/01/09/getting-setting-and-removing-tabindex-values-with-javascript/
+				// Use proper attribute retrieval(#12072)
+				var tabindex = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "tabindex" );
+
+				return tabindex ?
+					parseInt( tabindex, 10 ) :
+					rfocusable.test( elem.nodeName ) || rclickable.test( elem.nodeName ) && elem.href ?
+						0 :
+						-1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+});
+
+// Hooks for boolean attributes
+boolHook = {
+	set: function( elem, value, name ) {
+		if ( value === false ) {
+			// Remove boolean attributes when set to false
+			jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name );
+		} else if ( getSetInput && getSetAttribute || !ruseDefault.test( name ) ) {
+			// IE<8 needs the *property* name
+			elem.setAttribute( !getSetAttribute && jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name, name );
+
+		// Use defaultChecked and defaultSelected for oldIE
+		} else {
+			elem[ jQuery.camelCase( "default-" + name ) ] = elem[ name ] = true;
+		}
+
+		return name;
+	}
+};
+jQuery.each( jQuery.expr.match.bool.source.match( /\w+/g ), function( i, name ) {
+	var getter = jQuery.expr.attrHandle[ name ] || jQuery.find.attr;
+
+	jQuery.expr.attrHandle[ name ] = getSetInput && getSetAttribute || !ruseDefault.test( name ) ?
+		function( elem, name, isXML ) {
+			var fn = jQuery.expr.attrHandle[ name ],
+				ret = isXML ?
+					undefined :
+					/* jshint eqeqeq: false */
+					(jQuery.expr.attrHandle[ name ] = undefined) !=
+						getter( elem, name, isXML ) ?
+
+						name.toLowerCase() :
+						null;
+			jQuery.expr.attrHandle[ name ] = fn;
+			return ret;
+		} :
+		function( elem, name, isXML ) {
+			return isXML ?
+				undefined :
+				elem[ jQuery.camelCase( "default-" + name ) ] ?
+					name.toLowerCase() :
+					null;
+		};
+});
+
+// fix oldIE attroperties
+if ( !getSetInput || !getSetAttribute ) {
+	jQuery.attrHooks.value = {
+		set: function( elem, value, name ) {
+			if ( jQuery.nodeName( elem, "input" ) ) {
+				// Does not return so that setAttribute is also used
+				elem.defaultValue = value;
+			} else {
+				// Use nodeHook if defined (#1954); otherwise setAttribute is fine
+				return nodeHook && nodeHook.set( elem, value, name );
+			}
+		}
+	};
+}
+
+// IE6/7 do not support getting/setting some attributes with get/setAttribute
+if ( !getSetAttribute ) {
+
+	// Use this for any attribute in IE6/7
+	// This fixes almost every IE6/7 issue
+	nodeHook = {
+		set: function( elem, value, name ) {
+			// Set the existing or create a new attribute node
+			var ret = elem.getAttributeNode( name );
+			if ( !ret ) {
+				elem.setAttributeNode(
+					(ret = elem.ownerDocument.createAttribute( name ))
+				);
+			}
+
+			ret.value = value += "";
+
+			// Break association with cloned elements by also using setAttribute (#9646)
+			return name === "value" || value === elem.getAttribute( name ) ?
+				value :
+				undefined;
+		}
+	};
+	jQuery.expr.attrHandle.id = jQuery.expr.attrHandle.name = jQuery.expr.attrHandle.coords =
+		// Some attributes are constructed with empty-string values when not defined
+		function( elem, name, isXML ) {
+			var ret;
+			return isXML ?
+				undefined :
+				(ret = elem.getAttributeNode( name )) && ret.value !== "" ?
+					ret.value :
+					null;
+		};
+	jQuery.valHooks.button = {
+		get: function( elem, name ) {
+			var ret = elem.getAttributeNode( name );
+			return ret && ret.specified ?
+				ret.value :
+				undefined;
+		},
+		set: nodeHook.set
+	};
+
+	// Set contenteditable to false on removals(#10429)
+	// Setting to empty string throws an error as an invalid value
+	jQuery.attrHooks.contenteditable = {
+		set: function( elem, value, name ) {
+			nodeHook.set( elem, value === "" ? false : value, name );
+		}
+	};
+
+	// Set width and height to auto instead of 0 on empty string( Bug #8150 )
+	// This is for removals
+	jQuery.each([ "width", "height" ], function( i, name ) {
+		jQuery.attrHooks[ name ] = {
+			set: function( elem, value ) {
+				if ( value === "" ) {
+					elem.setAttribute( name, "auto" );
+					return value;
+				}
+			}
+		};
+	});
+}
+
+
+// Some attributes require a special call on IE
+// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536429%28VS.85%29.aspx
+if ( !jQuery.support.hrefNormalized ) {
+	// href/src property should get the full normalized URL (#10299/#12915)
+	jQuery.each([ "href", "src" ], function( i, name ) {
+		jQuery.propHooks[ name ] = {
+			get: function( elem ) {
+				return elem.getAttribute( name, 4 );
+			}
+		};
+	});
+}
+
+if ( !jQuery.support.style ) {
+	jQuery.attrHooks.style = {
+		get: function( elem ) {
+			// Return undefined in the case of empty string
+			// Note: IE uppercases css property names, but if we were to .toLowerCase()
+			// .cssText, that would destroy case senstitivity in URL's, like in "background"
+			return elem.style.cssText || undefined;
+		},
+		set: function( elem, value ) {
+			return ( elem.style.cssText = value + "" );
+		}
+	};
+}
+
+// Safari mis-reports the default selected property of an option
+// Accessing the parent's selectedIndex property fixes it
+if ( !jQuery.support.optSelected ) {
+	jQuery.propHooks.selected = {
+		get: function( elem ) {
+			var parent = elem.parentNode;
+
+			if ( parent ) {
+				parent.selectedIndex;
+
+				// Make sure that it also works with optgroups, see #5701
+				if ( parent.parentNode ) {
+					parent.parentNode.selectedIndex;
+				}
+			}
+			return null;
+		}
+	};
+}
+
+jQuery.each([
+	"tabIndex",
+	"readOnly",
+	"maxLength",
+	"cellSpacing",
+	"cellPadding",
+	"rowSpan",
+	"colSpan",
+	"useMap",
+	"frameBorder",
+	"contentEditable"
+], function() {
+	jQuery.propFix[ this.toLowerCase() ] = this;
+});
+
+// IE6/7 call enctype encoding
+if ( !jQuery.support.enctype ) {
+	jQuery.propFix.enctype = "encoding";
+}
+
+// Radios and checkboxes getter/setter
+jQuery.each([ "radio", "checkbox" ], function() {
+	jQuery.valHooks[ this ] = {
+		set: function( elem, value ) {
+			if ( jQuery.isArray( value ) ) {
+				return ( elem.checked = jQuery.inArray( jQuery(elem).val(), value ) >= 0 );
+			}
+		}
+	};
+	if ( !jQuery.support.checkOn ) {
+		jQuery.valHooks[ this ].get = function( elem ) {
+			// Support: Webkit
+			// "" is returned instead of "on" if a value isn't specified
+			return elem.getAttribute("value") === null ? "on" : elem.value;
+		};
+	}
+});
+var rformElems = /^(?:input|select|textarea)$/i,
+	rkeyEvent = /^key/,
+	rmouseEvent = /^(?:mouse|contextmenu)|click/,
+	rfocusMorph = /^(?:focusinfocus|focusoutblur)$/,
+	rtypenamespace = /^([^.]*)(?:\.(.+)|)$/;
+
+function returnTrue() {
+	return true;
+}
+
+function returnFalse() {
+	return false;
+}
+
+function safeActiveElement() {
+	try {
+		return document.activeElement;
+	} catch ( err ) { }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Helper functions for managing events -- not part of the public interface.
+ * Props to Dean Edwards' addEvent library for many of the ideas.
+ */
+jQuery.event = {
+
+	global: {},
+
+	add: function( elem, types, handler, data, selector ) {
+		var tmp, events, t, handleObjIn,
+			special, eventHandle, handleObj,
+			handlers, type, namespaces, origType,
+			elemData = jQuery._data( elem );
+
+		// Don't attach events to noData or text/comment nodes (but allow plain objects)
+		if ( !elemData ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Caller can pass in an object of custom data in lieu of the handler
+		if ( handler.handler ) {
+			handleObjIn = handler;
+			handler = handleObjIn.handler;
+			selector = handleObjIn.selector;
+		}
+
+		// Make sure that the handler has a unique ID, used to find/remove it later
+		if ( !handler.guid ) {
+			handler.guid = jQuery.guid++;
+		}
+
+		// Init the element's event structure and main handler, if this is the first
+		if ( !(events = elemData.events) ) {
+			events = elemData.events = {};
+		}
+		if ( !(eventHandle = elemData.handle) ) {
+			eventHandle = elemData.handle = function( e ) {
+				// Discard the second event of a jQuery.event.trigger() and
+				// when an event is called after a page has unloaded
+				return typeof jQuery !== core_strundefined && (!e || jQuery.event.triggered !== e.type) ?
+					jQuery.event.dispatch.apply( eventHandle.elem, arguments ) :
+					undefined;
+			};
+			// Add elem as a property of the handle fn to prevent a memory leak with IE non-native events
+			eventHandle.elem = elem;
+		}
+
+		// Handle multiple events separated by a space
+		types = ( types || "" ).match( core_rnotwhite ) || [""];
+		t = types.length;
+		while ( t-- ) {
+			tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[t] ) || [];
+			type = origType = tmp[1];
+			namespaces = ( tmp[2] || "" ).split( "." ).sort();
+
+			// There *must* be a type, no attaching namespace-only handlers
+			if ( !type ) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			// If event changes its type, use the special event handlers for the changed type
+			special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {};
+
+			// If selector defined, determine special event api type, otherwise given type
+			type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type;
+
+			// Update special based on newly reset type
+			special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {};
+
+			// handleObj is passed to all event handlers
+			handleObj = jQuery.extend({
+				type: type,
+				origType: origType,
+				data: data,
+				handler: handler,
+				guid: handler.guid,
+				selector: selector,
+				needsContext: selector && jQuery.expr.match.needsContext.test( selector ),
+				namespace: namespaces.join(".")
+			}, handleObjIn );
+
+			// Init the event handler queue if we're the first
+			if ( !(handlers = events[ type ]) ) {
+				handlers = events[ type ] = [];
+				handlers.delegateCount = 0;
+
+				// Only use addEventListener/attachEvent if the special events handler returns false
+				if ( !special.setup || special.setup.call( elem, data, namespaces, eventHandle ) === false ) {
+					// Bind the global event handler to the element
+					if ( elem.addEventListener ) {
+						elem.addEventListener( type, eventHandle, false );
+
+					} else if ( elem.attachEvent ) {
+						elem.attachEvent( "on" + type, eventHandle );
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			if ( special.add ) {
+				special.add.call( elem, handleObj );
+
+				if ( !handleObj.handler.guid ) {
+					handleObj.handler.guid = handler.guid;
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Add to the element's handler list, delegates in front
+			if ( selector ) {
+				handlers.splice( handlers.delegateCount++, 0, handleObj );
+			} else {
+				handlers.push( handleObj );
+			}
+
+			// Keep track of which events have ever been used, for event optimization
+			jQuery.event.global[ type ] = true;
+		}
+
+		// Nullify elem to prevent memory leaks in IE
+		elem = null;
+	},
+
+	// Detach an event or set of events from an element
+	remove: function( elem, types, handler, selector, mappedTypes ) {
+		var j, handleObj, tmp,
+			origCount, t, events,
+			special, handlers, type,
+			namespaces, origType,
+			elemData = jQuery.hasData( elem ) && jQuery._data( elem );
+
+		if ( !elemData || !(events = elemData.events) ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Once for each type.namespace in types; type may be omitted
+		types = ( types || "" ).match( core_rnotwhite ) || [""];
+		t = types.length;
+		while ( t-- ) {
+			tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[t] ) || [];
+			type = origType = tmp[1];
+			namespaces = ( tmp[2] || "" ).split( "." ).sort();
+
+			// Unbind all events (on this namespace, if provided) for the element
+			if ( !type ) {
+				for ( type in events ) {
+					jQuery.event.remove( elem, type + types[ t ], handler, selector, true );
+				}
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {};
+			type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type;
+			handlers = events[ type ] || [];
+			tmp = tmp[2] && new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join("\\.(?:.*\\.|)") + "(\\.|$)" );
+
+			// Remove matching events
+			origCount = j = handlers.length;
+			while ( j-- ) {
+				handleObj = handlers[ j ];
+
+				if ( ( mappedTypes || origType === handleObj.origType ) &&
+					( !handler || handler.guid === handleObj.guid ) &&
+					( !tmp || tmp.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) &&
+					( !selector || selector === handleObj.selector || selector === "**" && handleObj.selector ) ) {
+					handlers.splice( j, 1 );
+
+					if ( handleObj.selector ) {
+						handlers.delegateCount--;
+					}
+					if ( special.remove ) {
+						special.remove.call( elem, handleObj );
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Remove generic event handler if we removed something and no more handlers exist
+			// (avoids potential for endless recursion during removal of special event handlers)
+			if ( origCount && !handlers.length ) {
+				if ( !special.teardown || special.teardown.call( elem, namespaces, elemData.handle ) === false ) {
+					jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, elemData.handle );
+				}
+
+				delete events[ type ];
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Remove the expando if it's no longer used
+		if ( jQuery.isEmptyObject( events ) ) {
+			delete elemData.handle;
+
+			// removeData also checks for emptiness and clears the expando if empty
+			// so use it instead of delete
+			jQuery._removeData( elem, "events" );
+		}
+	},
+
+	trigger: function( event, data, elem, onlyHandlers ) {
+		var handle, ontype, cur,
+			bubbleType, special, tmp, i,
+			eventPath = [ elem || document ],
+			type = core_hasOwn.call( event, "type" ) ? event.type : event,
+			namespaces = core_hasOwn.call( event, "namespace" ) ? event.namespace.split(".") : [];
+
+		cur = tmp = elem = elem || document;
+
+		// Don't do events on text and comment nodes
+		if ( elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// focus/blur morphs to focusin/out; ensure we're not firing them right now
+		if ( rfocusMorph.test( type + jQuery.event.triggered ) ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if ( type.indexOf(".") >= 0 ) {
+			// Namespaced trigger; create a regexp to match event type in handle()
+			namespaces = type.split(".");
+			type = namespaces.shift();
+			namespaces.sort();
+		}
+		ontype = type.indexOf(":") < 0 && "on" + type;
+
+		// Caller can pass in a jQuery.Event object, Object, or just an event type string
+		event = event[ jQuery.expando ] ?
+			event :
+			new jQuery.Event( type, typeof event === "object" && event );
+
+		// Trigger bitmask: & 1 for native handlers; & 2 for jQuery (always true)
+		event.isTrigger = onlyHandlers ? 2 : 3;
+		event.namespace = namespaces.join(".");
+		event.namespace_re = event.namespace ?
+			new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join("\\.(?:.*\\.|)") + "(\\.|$)" ) :
+			null;
+
+		// Clean up the event in case it is being reused
+		event.result = undefined;
+		if ( !event.target ) {
+			event.target = elem;
+		}
+
+		// Clone any incoming data and prepend the event, creating the handler arg list
+		data = data == null ?
+			[ event ] :
+			jQuery.makeArray( data, [ event ] );
+
+		// Allow special events to draw outside the lines
+		special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {};
+		if ( !onlyHandlers && special.trigger && special.trigger.apply( elem, data ) === false ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Determine event propagation path in advance, per W3C events spec (#9951)
+		// Bubble up to document, then to window; watch for a global ownerDocument var (#9724)
+		if ( !onlyHandlers && !special.noBubble && !jQuery.isWindow( elem ) ) {
+
+			bubbleType = special.delegateType || type;
+			if ( !rfocusMorph.test( bubbleType + type ) ) {
+				cur = cur.parentNode;
+			}
+			for ( ; cur; cur = cur.parentNode ) {
+				eventPath.push( cur );
+				tmp = cur;
+			}
+
+			// Only add window if we got to document (e.g., not plain obj or detached DOM)
+			if ( tmp === (elem.ownerDocument || document) ) {
+				eventPath.push( tmp.defaultView || tmp.parentWindow || window );
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Fire handlers on the event path
+		i = 0;
+		while ( (cur = eventPath[i++]) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) {
+
+			event.type = i > 1 ?
+				bubbleType :
+				special.bindType || type;
+
+			// jQuery handler
+			handle = ( jQuery._data( cur, "events" ) || {} )[ event.type ] && jQuery._data( cur, "handle" );
+			if ( handle ) {
+				handle.apply( cur, data );
+			}
+
+			// Native handler
+			handle = ontype && cur[ ontype ];
+			if ( handle && jQuery.acceptData( cur ) && handle.apply && handle.apply( cur, data ) === false ) {
+				event.preventDefault();
+			}
+		}
+		event.type = type;
+
+		// If nobody prevented the default action, do it now
+		if ( !onlyHandlers && !event.isDefaultPrevented() ) {
+
+			if ( (!special._default || special._default.apply( eventPath.pop(), data ) === false) &&
+				jQuery.acceptData( elem ) ) {
+
+				// Call a native DOM method on the target with the same name name as the event.
+				// Can't use an .isFunction() check here because IE6/7 fails that test.
+				// Don't do default actions on window, that's where global variables be (#6170)
+				if ( ontype && elem[ type ] && !jQuery.isWindow( elem ) ) {
+
+					// Don't re-trigger an onFOO event when we call its FOO() method
+					tmp = elem[ ontype ];
+
+					if ( tmp ) {
+						elem[ ontype ] = null;
+					}
+
+					// Prevent re-triggering of the same event, since we already bubbled it above
+					jQuery.event.triggered = type;
+					try {
+						elem[ type ]();
+					} catch ( e ) {
+						// IE<9 dies on focus/blur to hidden element (#1486,#12518)
+						// only reproducible on winXP IE8 native, not IE9 in IE8 mode
+					}
+					jQuery.event.triggered = undefined;
+
+					if ( tmp ) {
+						elem[ ontype ] = tmp;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return event.result;
+	},
+
+	dispatch: function( event ) {
+
+		// Make a writable jQuery.Event from the native event object
+		event = jQuery.event.fix( event );
+
+		var i, ret, handleObj, matched, j,
+			handlerQueue = [],
+			args = core_slice.call( arguments ),
+			handlers = ( jQuery._data( this, "events" ) || {} )[ event.type ] || [],
+			special = jQuery.event.special[ event.type ] || {};
+
+		// Use the fix-ed jQuery.Event rather than the (read-only) native event
+		args[0] = event;
+		event.delegateTarget = this;
+
+		// Call the preDispatch hook for the mapped type, and let it bail if desired
+		if ( special.preDispatch && special.preDispatch.call( this, event ) === false ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Determine handlers
+		handlerQueue = jQuery.event.handlers.call( this, event, handlers );
+
+		// Run delegates first; they may want to stop propagation beneath us
+		i = 0;
+		while ( (matched = handlerQueue[ i++ ]) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) {
+			event.currentTarget = matched.elem;
+
+			j = 0;
+			while ( (handleObj = matched.handlers[ j++ ]) && !event.isImmediatePropagationStopped() ) {
+
+				// Triggered event must either 1) have no namespace, or
+				// 2) have namespace(s) a subset or equal to those in the bound event (both can have no namespace).
+				if ( !event.namespace_re || event.namespace_re.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) {
+
+					event.handleObj = handleObj;
+					event.data = handleObj.data;
+
+					ret = ( (jQuery.event.special[ handleObj.origType ] || {}).handle || handleObj.handler )
+							.apply( matched.elem, args );
+
+					if ( ret !== undefined ) {
+						if ( (event.result = ret) === false ) {
+							event.preventDefault();
+							event.stopPropagation();
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Call the postDispatch hook for the mapped type
+		if ( special.postDispatch ) {
+			special.postDispatch.call( this, event );
+		}
+
+		return event.result;
+	},
+
+	handlers: function( event, handlers ) {
+		var sel, handleObj, matches, i,
+			handlerQueue = [],
+			delegateCount = handlers.delegateCount,
+			cur = event.target;
+
+		// Find delegate handlers
+		// Black-hole SVG <use> instance trees (#13180)
+		// Avoid non-left-click bubbling in Firefox (#3861)
+		if ( delegateCount && cur.nodeType && (!event.button || event.type !== "click") ) {
+
+			/* jshint eqeqeq: false */
+			for ( ; cur != this; cur = cur.parentNode || this ) {
+				/* jshint eqeqeq: true */
+
+				// Don't check non-elements (#13208)
+				// Don't process clicks on disabled elements (#6911, #8165, #11382, #11764)
+				if ( cur.nodeType === 1 && (cur.disabled !== true || event.type !== "click") ) {
+					matches = [];
+					for ( i = 0; i < delegateCount; i++ ) {
+						handleObj = handlers[ i ];
+
+						// Don't conflict with Object.prototype properties (#13203)
+						sel = handleObj.selector + " ";
+
+						if ( matches[ sel ] === undefined ) {
+							matches[ sel ] = handleObj.needsContext ?
+								jQuery( sel, this ).index( cur ) >= 0 :
+								jQuery.find( sel, this, null, [ cur ] ).length;
+						}
+						if ( matches[ sel ] ) {
+							matches.push( handleObj );
+						}
+					}
+					if ( matches.length ) {
+						handlerQueue.push({ elem: cur, handlers: matches });
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Add the remaining (directly-bound) handlers
+		if ( delegateCount < handlers.length ) {
+			handlerQueue.push({ elem: this, handlers: handlers.slice( delegateCount ) });
+		}
+
+		return handlerQueue;
+	},
+
+	fix: function( event ) {
+		if ( event[ jQuery.expando ] ) {
+			return event;
+		}
+
+		// Create a writable copy of the event object and normalize some properties
+		var i, prop, copy,
+			type = event.type,
+			originalEvent = event,
+			fixHook = this.fixHooks[ type ];
+
+		if ( !fixHook ) {
+			this.fixHooks[ type ] = fixHook =
+				rmouseEvent.test( type ) ? this.mouseHooks :
+				rkeyEvent.test( type ) ? this.keyHooks :
+				{};
+		}
+		copy = fixHook.props ? this.props.concat( fixHook.props ) : this.props;
+
+		event = new jQuery.Event( originalEvent );
+
+		i = copy.length;
+		while ( i-- ) {
+			prop = copy[ i ];
+			event[ prop ] = originalEvent[ prop ];
+		}
+
+		// Support: IE<9
+		// Fix target property (#1925)
+		if ( !event.target ) {
+			event.target = originalEvent.srcElement || document;
+		}
+
+		// Support: Chrome 23+, Safari?
+		// Target should not be a text node (#504, #13143)
+		if ( event.target.nodeType === 3 ) {
+			event.target = event.target.parentNode;
+		}
+
+		// Support: IE<9
+		// For mouse/key events, metaKey==false if it's undefined (#3368, #11328)
+		event.metaKey = !!event.metaKey;
+
+		return fixHook.filter ? fixHook.filter( event, originalEvent ) : event;
+	},
+
+	// Includes some event props shared by KeyEvent and MouseEvent
+	props: "altKey bubbles cancelable ctrlKey currentTarget eventPhase metaKey relatedTarget shiftKey target timeStamp view which".split(" "),
+
+	fixHooks: {},
+
+	keyHooks: {
+		props: "char charCode key keyCode".split(" "),
+		filter: function( event, original ) {
+
+			// Add which for key events
+			if ( event.which == null ) {
+				event.which = original.charCode != null ? original.charCode : original.keyCode;
+			}
+
+			return event;
+		}
+	},
+
+	mouseHooks: {
+		props: "button buttons clientX clientY fromElement offsetX offsetY pageX pageY screenX screenY toElement".split(" "),
+		filter: function( event, original ) {
+			var body, eventDoc, doc,
+				button = original.button,
+				fromElement = original.fromElement;
+
+			// Calculate pageX/Y if missing and clientX/Y available
+			if ( event.pageX == null && original.clientX != null ) {
+				eventDoc = event.target.ownerDocument || document;
+				doc = eventDoc.documentElement;
+				body = eventDoc.body;
+
+				event.pageX = original.clientX + ( doc && doc.scrollLeft || body && body.scrollLeft || 0 ) - ( doc && doc.clientLeft || body && body.clientLeft || 0 );
+				event.pageY = original.clientY + ( doc && doc.scrollTop  || body && body.scrollTop  || 0 ) - ( doc && doc.clientTop  || body && body.clientTop  || 0 );
+			}
+
+			// Add relatedTarget, if necessary
+			if ( !event.relatedTarget && fromElement ) {
+				event.relatedTarget = fromElement === event.target ? original.toElement : fromElement;
+			}
+
+			// Add which for click: 1 === left; 2 === middle; 3 === right
+			// Note: button is not normalized, so don't use it
+			if ( !event.which && button !== undefined ) {
+				event.which = ( button & 1 ? 1 : ( button & 2 ? 3 : ( button & 4 ? 2 : 0 ) ) );
+			}
+
+			return event;
+		}
+	},
+
+	special: {
+		load: {
+			// Prevent triggered image.load events from bubbling to window.load
+			noBubble: true
+		},
+		focus: {
+			// Fire native event if possible so blur/focus sequence is correct
+			trigger: function() {
+				if ( this !== safeActiveElement() && this.focus ) {
+					try {
+						this.focus();
+						return false;
+					} catch ( e ) {
+						// Support: IE<9
+						// If we error on focus to hidden element (#1486, #12518),
+						// let .trigger() run the handlers
+					}
+				}
+			},
+			delegateType: "focusin"
+		},
+		blur: {
+			trigger: function() {
+				if ( this === safeActiveElement() && this.blur ) {
+					this.blur();
+					return false;
+				}
+			},
+			delegateType: "focusout"
+		},
+		click: {
+			// For checkbox, fire native event so checked state will be right
+			trigger: function() {
+				if ( jQuery.nodeName( this, "input" ) && this.type === "checkbox" && this.click ) {
+					this.click();
+					return false;
+				}
+			},
+
+			// For cross-browser consistency, don't fire native .click() on links
+			_default: function( event ) {
+				return jQuery.nodeName( event.target, "a" );
+			}
+		},
+
+		beforeunload: {
+			postDispatch: function( event ) {
+
+				// Even when returnValue equals to undefined Firefox will still show alert
+				if ( event.result !== undefined ) {
+					event.originalEvent.returnValue = event.result;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	},
+
+	simulate: function( type, elem, event, bubble ) {
+		// Piggyback on a donor event to simulate a different one.
+		// Fake originalEvent to avoid donor's stopPropagation, but if the
+		// simulated event prevents default then we do the same on the donor.
+		var e = jQuery.extend(
+			new jQuery.Event(),
+			event,
+			{
+				type: type,
+				isSimulated: true,
+				originalEvent: {}
+			}
+		);
+		if ( bubble ) {
+			jQuery.event.trigger( e, null, elem );
+		} else {
+			jQuery.event.dispatch.call( elem, e );
+		}
+		if ( e.isDefaultPrevented() ) {
+			event.preventDefault();
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+jQuery.removeEvent = document.removeEventListener ?
+	function( elem, type, handle ) {
+		if ( elem.removeEventListener ) {
+			elem.removeEventListener( type, handle, false );
+		}
+	} :
+	function( elem, type, handle ) {
+		var name = "on" + type;
+
+		if ( elem.detachEvent ) {
+
+			// #8545, #7054, preventing memory leaks for custom events in IE6-8
+			// detachEvent needed property on element, by name of that event, to properly expose it to GC
+			if ( typeof elem[ name ] === core_strundefined ) {
+				elem[ name ] = null;
+			}
+
+			elem.detachEvent( name, handle );
+		}
+	};
+
+jQuery.Event = function( src, props ) {
+	// Allow instantiation without the 'new' keyword
+	if ( !(this instanceof jQuery.Event) ) {
+		return new jQuery.Event( src, props );
+	}
+
+	// Event object
+	if ( src && src.type ) {
+		this.originalEvent = src;
+		this.type = src.type;
+
+		// Events bubbling up the document may have been marked as prevented
+		// by a handler lower down the tree; reflect the correct value.
+		this.isDefaultPrevented = ( src.defaultPrevented || src.returnValue === false ||
+			src.getPreventDefault && src.getPreventDefault() ) ? returnTrue : returnFalse;
+
+	// Event type
+	} else {
+		this.type = src;
+	}
+
+	// Put explicitly provided properties onto the event object
+	if ( props ) {
+		jQuery.extend( this, props );
+	}
+
+	// Create a timestamp if incoming event doesn't have one
+	this.timeStamp = src && src.timeStamp || jQuery.now();
+
+	// Mark it as fixed
+	this[ jQuery.expando ] = true;
+};
+
+// jQuery.Event is based on DOM3 Events as specified by the ECMAScript Language Binding
+// http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-DOM-Level-3-Events-20030331/ecma-script-binding.html
+jQuery.Event.prototype = {
+	isDefaultPrevented: returnFalse,
+	isPropagationStopped: returnFalse,
+	isImmediatePropagationStopped: returnFalse,
+
+	preventDefault: function() {
+		var e = this.originalEvent;
+
+		this.isDefaultPrevented = returnTrue;
+		if ( !e ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// If preventDefault exists, run it on the original event
+		if ( e.preventDefault ) {
+			e.preventDefault();
+
+		// Support: IE
+		// Otherwise set the returnValue property of the original event to false
+		} else {
+			e.returnValue = false;
+		}
+	},
+	stopPropagation: function() {
+		var e = this.originalEvent;
+
+		this.isPropagationStopped = returnTrue;
+		if ( !e ) {
+			return;
+		}
+		// If stopPropagation exists, run it on the original event
+		if ( e.stopPropagation ) {
+			e.stopPropagation();
+		}
+
+		// Support: IE
+		// Set the cancelBubble property of the original event to true
+		e.cancelBubble = true;
+	},
+	stopImmediatePropagation: function() {
+		this.isImmediatePropagationStopped = returnTrue;
+		this.stopPropagation();
+	}
+};
+
+// Create mouseenter/leave events using mouseover/out and event-time checks
+jQuery.each({
+	mouseenter: "mouseover",
+	mouseleave: "mouseout"
+}, function( orig, fix ) {
+	jQuery.event.special[ orig ] = {
+		delegateType: fix,
+		bindType: fix,
+
+		handle: function( event ) {
+			var ret,
+				target = this,
+				related = event.relatedTarget,
+				handleObj = event.handleObj;
+
+			// For mousenter/leave call the handler if related is outside the target.
+			// NB: No relatedTarget if the mouse left/entered the browser window
+			if ( !related || (related !== target && !jQuery.contains( target, related )) ) {
+				event.type = handleObj.origType;
+				ret = handleObj.handler.apply( this, arguments );
+				event.type = fix;
+			}
+			return ret;
+		}
+	};
+});
+
+// IE submit delegation
+if ( !jQuery.support.submitBubbles ) {
+
+	jQuery.event.special.submit = {
+		setup: function() {
+			// Only need this for delegated form submit events
+			if ( jQuery.nodeName( this, "form" ) ) {
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			// Lazy-add a submit handler when a descendant form may potentially be submitted
+			jQuery.event.add( this, "click._submit keypress._submit", function( e ) {
+				// Node name check avoids a VML-related crash in IE (#9807)
+				var elem = e.target,
+					form = jQuery.nodeName( elem, "input" ) || jQuery.nodeName( elem, "button" ) ? elem.form : undefined;
+				if ( form && !jQuery._data( form, "submitBubbles" ) ) {
+					jQuery.event.add( form, "submit._submit", function( event ) {
+						event._submit_bubble = true;
+					});
+					jQuery._data( form, "submitBubbles", true );
+				}
+			});
+			// return undefined since we don't need an event listener
+		},
+
+		postDispatch: function( event ) {
+			// If form was submitted by the user, bubble the event up the tree
+			if ( event._submit_bubble ) {
+				delete event._submit_bubble;
+				if ( this.parentNode && !event.isTrigger ) {
+					jQuery.event.simulate( "submit", this.parentNode, event, true );
+				}
+			}
+		},
+
+		teardown: function() {
+			// Only need this for delegated form submit events
+			if ( jQuery.nodeName( this, "form" ) ) {
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			// Remove delegated handlers; cleanData eventually reaps submit handlers attached above
+			jQuery.event.remove( this, "._submit" );
+		}
+	};
+}
+
+// IE change delegation and checkbox/radio fix
+if ( !jQuery.support.changeBubbles ) {
+
+	jQuery.event.special.change = {
+
+		setup: function() {
+
+			if ( rformElems.test( this.nodeName ) ) {
+				// IE doesn't fire change on a check/radio until blur; trigger it on click
+				// after a propertychange. Eat the blur-change in special.change.handle.
+				// This still fires onchange a second time for check/radio after blur.
+				if ( this.type === "checkbox" || this.type === "radio" ) {
+					jQuery.event.add( this, "propertychange._change", function( event ) {
+						if ( event.originalEvent.propertyName === "checked" ) {
+							this._just_changed = true;
+						}
+					});
+					jQuery.event.add( this, "click._change", function( event ) {
+						if ( this._just_changed && !event.isTrigger ) {
+							this._just_changed = false;
+						}
+						// Allow triggered, simulated change events (#11500)
+						jQuery.event.simulate( "change", this, event, true );
+					});
+				}
+				return false;
+			}
+			// Delegated event; lazy-add a change handler on descendant inputs
+			jQuery.event.add( this, "beforeactivate._change", function( e ) {
+				var elem = e.target;
+
+				if ( rformElems.test( elem.nodeName ) && !jQuery._data( elem, "changeBubbles" ) ) {
+					jQuery.event.add( elem, "change._change", function( event ) {
+						if ( this.parentNode && !event.isSimulated && !event.isTrigger ) {
+							jQuery.event.simulate( "change", this.parentNode, event, true );
+						}
+					});
+					jQuery._data( elem, "changeBubbles", true );
+				}
+			});
+		},
+
+		handle: function( event ) {
+			var elem = event.target;
+
+			// Swallow native change events from checkbox/radio, we already triggered them above
+			if ( this !== elem || event.isSimulated || event.isTrigger || (elem.type !== "radio" && elem.type !== "checkbox") ) {
+				return event.handleObj.handler.apply( this, arguments );
+			}
+		},
+
+		teardown: function() {
+			jQuery.event.remove( this, "._change" );
+
+			return !rformElems.test( this.nodeName );
+		}
+	};
+}
+
+// Create "bubbling" focus and blur events
+if ( !jQuery.support.focusinBubbles ) {
+	jQuery.each({ focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( orig, fix ) {
+
+		// Attach a single capturing handler while someone wants focusin/focusout
+		var attaches = 0,
+			handler = function( event ) {
+				jQuery.event.simulate( fix, event.target, jQuery.event.fix( event ), true );
+			};
+
+		jQuery.event.special[ fix ] = {
+			setup: function() {
+				if ( attaches++ === 0 ) {
+					document.addEventListener( orig, handler, true );
+				}
+			},
+			teardown: function() {
+				if ( --attaches === 0 ) {
+					document.removeEventListener( orig, handler, true );
+				}
+			}
+		};
+	});
+}
+
+jQuery.fn.extend({
+
+	on: function( types, selector, data, fn, /*INTERNAL*/ one ) {
+		var type, origFn;
+
+		// Types can be a map of types/handlers
+		if ( typeof types === "object" ) {
+			// ( types-Object, selector, data )
+			if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) {
+				// ( types-Object, data )
+				data = data || selector;
+				selector = undefined;
+			}
+			for ( type in types ) {
+				this.on( type, selector, data, types[ type ], one );
+			}
+			return this;
+		}
+
+		if ( data == null && fn == null ) {
+			// ( types, fn )
+			fn = selector;
+			data = selector = undefined;
+		} else if ( fn == null ) {
+			if ( typeof selector === "string" ) {
+				// ( types, selector, fn )
+				fn = data;
+				data = undefined;
+			} else {
+				// ( types, data, fn )
+				fn = data;
+				data = selector;
+				selector = undefined;
+			}
+		}
+		if ( fn === false ) {
+			fn = returnFalse;
+		} else if ( !fn ) {
+			return this;
+		}
+
+		if ( one === 1 ) {
+			origFn = fn;
+			fn = function( event ) {
+				// Can use an empty set, since event contains the info
+				jQuery().off( event );
+				return origFn.apply( this, arguments );
+			};
+			// Use same guid so caller can remove using origFn
+			fn.guid = origFn.guid || ( origFn.guid = jQuery.guid++ );
+		}
+		return this.each( function() {
+			jQuery.event.add( this, types, fn, data, selector );
+		});
+	},
+	one: function( types, selector, data, fn ) {
+		return this.on( types, selector, data, fn, 1 );
+	},
+	off: function( types, selector, fn ) {
+		var handleObj, type;
+		if ( types && types.preventDefault && types.handleObj ) {
+			// ( event )  dispatched jQuery.Event
+			handleObj = types.handleObj;
+			jQuery( types.delegateTarget ).off(
+				handleObj.namespace ? handleObj.origType + "." + handleObj.namespace : handleObj.origType,
+				handleObj.selector,
+				handleObj.handler
+			);
+			return this;
+		}
+		if ( typeof types === "object" ) {
+			// ( types-object [, selector] )
+			for ( type in types ) {
+				this.off( type, selector, types[ type ] );
+			}
+			return this;
+		}
+		if ( selector === false || typeof selector === "function" ) {
+			// ( types [, fn] )
+			fn = selector;
+			selector = undefined;
+		}
+		if ( fn === false ) {
+			fn = returnFalse;
+		}
+		return this.each(function() {
+			jQuery.event.remove( this, types, fn, selector );
+		});
+	},
+
+	trigger: function( type, data ) {
+		return this.each(function() {
+			jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, this );
+		});
+	},
+	triggerHandler: function( type, data ) {
+		var elem = this[0];
+		if ( elem ) {
+			return jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, elem, true );
+		}
+	}
+});
+var isSimple = /^.[^:#\[\.,]*$/,
+	rparentsprev = /^(?:parents|prev(?:Until|All))/,
+	rneedsContext = jQuery.expr.match.needsContext,
+	// methods guaranteed to produce a unique set when starting from a unique set
+	guaranteedUnique = {
+		children: true,
+		contents: true,
+		next: true,
+		prev: true
+	};
+
+jQuery.fn.extend({
+	find: function( selector ) {
+		var i,
+			ret = [],
+			self = this,
+			len = self.length;
+
+		if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) {
+			return this.pushStack( jQuery( selector ).filter(function() {
+				for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) {
+					if ( jQuery.contains( self[ i ], this ) ) {
+						return true;
+					}
+				}
+			}) );
+		}
+
+		for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) {
+			jQuery.find( selector, self[ i ], ret );
+		}
+
+		// Needed because $( selector, context ) becomes $( context ).find( selector )
+		ret = this.pushStack( len > 1 ? jQuery.unique( ret ) : ret );
+		ret.selector = this.selector ? this.selector + " " + selector : selector;
+		return ret;
+	},
+
+	has: function( target ) {
+		var i,
+			targets = jQuery( target, this ),
+			len = targets.length;
+
+		return this.filter(function() {
+			for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) {
+				if ( jQuery.contains( this, targets[i] ) ) {
+					return true;
+				}
+			}
+		});
+	},
+
+	not: function( selector ) {
+		return this.pushStack( winnow(this, selector || [], true) );
+	},
+
+	filter: function( selector ) {
+		return this.pushStack( winnow(this, selector || [], false) );
+	},
+
+	is: function( selector ) {
+		return !!winnow(
+			this,
+
+			// If this is a positional/relative selector, check membership in the returned set
+			// so $("p:first").is("p:last") won't return true for a doc with two "p".
+			typeof selector === "string" && rneedsContext.test( selector ) ?
+				jQuery( selector ) :
+				selector || [],
+			false
+		).length;
+	},
+
+	closest: function( selectors, context ) {
+		var cur,
+			i = 0,
+			l = this.length,
+			ret = [],
+			pos = rneedsContext.test( selectors ) || typeof selectors !== "string" ?
+				jQuery( selectors, context || this.context ) :
+				0;
+
+		for ( ; i < l; i++ ) {
+			for ( cur = this[i]; cur && cur !== context; cur = cur.parentNode ) {
+				// Always skip document fragments
+				if ( cur.nodeType < 11 && (pos ?
+					pos.index(cur) > -1 :
+
+					// Don't pass non-elements to Sizzle
+					cur.nodeType === 1 &&
+						jQuery.find.matchesSelector(cur, selectors)) ) {
+
+					cur = ret.push( cur );
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return this.pushStack( ret.length > 1 ? jQuery.unique( ret ) : ret );
+	},
+
+	// Determine the position of an element within
+	// the matched set of elements
+	index: function( elem ) {
+
+		// No argument, return index in parent
+		if ( !elem ) {
+			return ( this[0] && this[0].parentNode ) ? this.first().prevAll().length : -1;
+		}
+
+		// index in selector
+		if ( typeof elem === "string" ) {
+			return jQuery.inArray( this[0], jQuery( elem ) );
+		}
+
+		// Locate the position of the desired element
+		return jQuery.inArray(
+			// If it receives a jQuery object, the first element is used
+			elem.jquery ? elem[0] : elem, this );
+	},
+
+	add: function( selector, context ) {
+		var set = typeof selector === "string" ?
+				jQuery( selector, context ) :
+				jQuery.makeArray( selector && selector.nodeType ? [ selector ] : selector ),
+			all = jQuery.merge( this.get(), set );
+
+		return this.pushStack( jQuery.unique(all) );
+	},
+
+	addBack: function( selector ) {
+		return this.add( selector == null ?
+			this.prevObject : this.prevObject.filter(selector)
+		);
+	}
+});
+
+function sibling( cur, dir ) {
+	do {
+		cur = cur[ dir ];
+	} while ( cur && cur.nodeType !== 1 );
+
+	return cur;
+}
+
+jQuery.each({
+	parent: function( elem ) {
+		var parent = elem.parentNode;
+		return parent && parent.nodeType !== 11 ? parent : null;
+	},
+	parents: function( elem ) {
+		return jQuery.dir( elem, "parentNode" );
+	},
+	parentsUntil: function( elem, i, until ) {
+		return jQuery.dir( elem, "parentNode", until );
+	},
+	next: function( elem ) {
+		return sibling( elem, "nextSibling" );
+	},
+	prev: function( elem ) {
+		return sibling( elem, "previousSibling" );
+	},
+	nextAll: function( elem ) {
+		return jQuery.dir( elem, "nextSibling" );
+	},
+	prevAll: function( elem ) {
+		return jQuery.dir( elem, "previousSibling" );
+	},
+	nextUntil: function( elem, i, until ) {
+		return jQuery.dir( elem, "nextSibling", until );
+	},
+	prevUntil: function( elem, i, until ) {
+		return jQuery.dir( elem, "previousSibling", until );
+	},
+	siblings: function( elem ) {
+		return jQuery.sibling( ( elem.parentNode || {} ).firstChild, elem );
+	},
+	children: function( elem ) {
+		return jQuery.sibling( elem.firstChild );
+	},
+	contents: function( elem ) {
+		return jQuery.nodeName( elem, "iframe" ) ?
+			elem.contentDocument || elem.contentWindow.document :
+			jQuery.merge( [], elem.childNodes );
+	}
+}, function( name, fn ) {
+	jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( until, selector ) {
+		var ret = jQuery.map( this, fn, until );
+
+		if ( name.slice( -5 ) !== "Until" ) {
+			selector = until;
+		}
+
+		if ( selector && typeof selector === "string" ) {
+			ret = jQuery.filter( selector, ret );
+		}
+
+		if ( this.length > 1 ) {
+			// Remove duplicates
+			if ( !guaranteedUnique[ name ] ) {
+				ret = jQuery.unique( ret );
+			}
+
+			// Reverse order for parents* and prev-derivatives
+			if ( rparentsprev.test( name ) ) {
+				ret = ret.reverse();
+			}
+		}
+
+		return this.pushStack( ret );
+	};
+});
+
+jQuery.extend({
+	filter: function( expr, elems, not ) {
+		var elem = elems[ 0 ];
+
+		if ( not ) {
+			expr = ":not(" + expr + ")";
+		}
+
+		return elems.length === 1 && elem.nodeType === 1 ?
+			jQuery.find.matchesSelector( elem, expr ) ? [ elem ] : [] :
+			jQuery.find.matches( expr, jQuery.grep( elems, function( elem ) {
+				return elem.nodeType === 1;
+			}));
+	},
+
+	dir: function( elem, dir, until ) {
+		var matched = [],
+			cur = elem[ dir ];
+
+		while ( cur && cur.nodeType !== 9 && (until === undefined || cur.nodeType !== 1 || !jQuery( cur ).is( until )) ) {
+			if ( cur.nodeType === 1 ) {
+				matched.push( cur );
+			}
+			cur = cur[dir];
+		}
+		return matched;
+	},
+
+	sibling: function( n, elem ) {
+		var r = [];
+
+		for ( ; n; n = n.nextSibling ) {
+			if ( n.nodeType === 1 && n !== elem ) {
+				r.push( n );
+			}
+		}
+
+		return r;
+	}
+});
+
+// Implement the identical functionality for filter and not
+function winnow( elements, qualifier, not ) {
+	if ( jQuery.isFunction( qualifier ) ) {
+		return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem, i ) {
+			/* jshint -W018 */
+			return !!qualifier.call( elem, i, elem ) !== not;
+		});
+
+	}
+
+	if ( qualifier.nodeType ) {
+		return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) {
+			return ( elem === qualifier ) !== not;
+		});
+
+	}
+
+	if ( typeof qualifier === "string" ) {
+		if ( isSimple.test( qualifier ) ) {
+			return jQuery.filter( qualifier, elements, not );
+		}
+
+		qualifier = jQuery.filter( qualifier, elements );
+	}
+
+	return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) {
+		return ( jQuery.inArray( elem, qualifier ) >= 0 ) !== not;
+	});
+}
+function createSafeFragment( document ) {
+	var list = nodeNames.split( "|" ),
+		safeFrag = document.createDocumentFragment();
+
+	if ( safeFrag.createElement ) {
+		while ( list.length ) {
+			safeFrag.createElement(
+				list.pop()
+			);
+		}
+	}
+	return safeFrag;
+}
+
+var nodeNames = "abbr|article|aside|audio|bdi|canvas|data|datalist|details|figcaption|figure|footer|" +
+		"header|hgroup|mark|meter|nav|output|progress|section|summary|time|video",
+	rinlinejQuery = / jQuery\d+="(?:null|\d+)"/g,
+	rnoshimcache = new RegExp("<(?:" + nodeNames + ")[\\s/>]", "i"),
+	rleadingWhitespace = /^\s+/,
+	rxhtmlTag = /<(?!area|br|col|embed|hr|img|input|link|meta|param)(([\w:]+)[^>]*)\/>/gi,
+	rtagName = /<([\w:]+)/,
+	rtbody = /<tbody/i,
+	rhtml = /<|&#?\w+;/,
+	rnoInnerhtml = /<(?:script|style|link)/i,
+	manipulation_rcheckableType = /^(?:checkbox|radio)$/i,
+	// checked="checked" or checked
+	rchecked = /checked\s*(?:[^=]|=\s*.checked.)/i,
+	rscriptType = /^$|\/(?:java|ecma)script/i,
+	rscriptTypeMasked = /^true\/(.*)/,
+	rcleanScript = /^\s*<!(?:\[CDATA\[|--)|(?:\]\]|--)>\s*$/g,
+
+	// We have to close these tags to support XHTML (#13200)
+	wrapMap = {
+		option: [ 1, "<select multiple='multiple'>", "</select>" ],
+		legend: [ 1, "<fieldset>", "</fieldset>" ],
+		area: [ 1, "<map>", "</map>" ],
+		param: [ 1, "<object>", "</object>" ],
+		thead: [ 1, "<table>", "</table>" ],
+		tr: [ 2, "<table><tbody>", "</tbody></table>" ],
+		col: [ 2, "<table><tbody></tbody><colgroup>", "</colgroup></table>" ],
+		td: [ 3, "<table><tbody><tr>", "</tr></tbody></table>" ],
+
+		// IE6-8 can't serialize link, script, style, or any html5 (NoScope) tags,
+		// unless wrapped in a div with non-breaking characters in front of it.
+		_default: jQuery.support.htmlSerialize ? [ 0, "", "" ] : [ 1, "X<div>", "</div>"  ]
+	},
+	safeFragment = createSafeFragment( document ),
+	fragmentDiv = safeFragment.appendChild( document.createElement("div") );
+
+wrapMap.optgroup = wrapMap.option;
+wrapMap.tbody = wrapMap.tfoot = wrapMap.colgroup = wrapMap.caption = wrapMap.thead;
+wrapMap.th = wrapMap.td;
+
+jQuery.fn.extend({
+	text: function( value ) {
+		return jQuery.access( this, function( value ) {
+			return value === undefined ?
+				jQuery.text( this ) :
+				this.empty().append( ( this[0] && this[0].ownerDocument || document ).createTextNode( value ) );
+		}, null, value, arguments.length );
+	},
+
+	append: function() {
+		return this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) {
+			if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) {
+				var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem );
+				target.appendChild( elem );
+			}
+		});
+	},
+
+	prepend: function() {
+		return this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) {
+			if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) {
+				var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem );
+				target.insertBefore( elem, target.firstChild );
+			}
+		});
+	},
+
+	before: function() {
+		return this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) {
+			if ( this.parentNode ) {
+				this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this );
+			}
+		});
+	},
+
+	after: function() {
+		return this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) {
+			if ( this.parentNode ) {
+				this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this.nextSibling );
+			}
+		});
+	},
+
+	// keepData is for internal use only--do not document
+	remove: function( selector, keepData ) {
+		var elem,
+			elems = selector ? jQuery.filter( selector, this ) : this,
+			i = 0;
+
+		for ( ; (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++ ) {
+
+			if ( !keepData && elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
+				jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem ) );
+			}
+
+			if ( elem.parentNode ) {
+				if ( keepData && jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ) ) {
+					setGlobalEval( getAll( elem, "script" ) );
+				}
+				elem.parentNode.removeChild( elem );
+			}
+		}
+
+		return this;
+	},
+
+	empty: function() {
+		var elem,
+			i = 0;
+
+		for ( ; (elem = this[i]) != null; i++ ) {
+			// Remove element nodes and prevent memory leaks
+			if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
+				jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) );
+			}
+
+			// Remove any remaining nodes
+			while ( elem.firstChild ) {
+				elem.removeChild( elem.firstChild );
+			}
+
+			// If this is a select, ensure that it displays empty (#12336)
+			// Support: IE<9
+			if ( elem.options && jQuery.nodeName( elem, "select" ) ) {
+				elem.options.length = 0;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return this;
+	},
+
+	clone: function( dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) {
+		dataAndEvents = dataAndEvents == null ? false : dataAndEvents;
+		deepDataAndEvents = deepDataAndEvents == null ? dataAndEvents : deepDataAndEvents;
+
+		return this.map( function () {
+			return jQuery.clone( this, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents );
+		});
+	},
+
+	html: function( value ) {
+		return jQuery.access( this, function( value ) {
+			var elem = this[0] || {},
+				i = 0,
+				l = this.length;
+
+			if ( value === undefined ) {
+				return elem.nodeType === 1 ?
+					elem.innerHTML.replace( rinlinejQuery, "" ) :
+					undefined;
+			}
+
+			// See if we can take a shortcut and just use innerHTML
+			if ( typeof value === "string" && !rnoInnerhtml.test( value ) &&
+				( jQuery.support.htmlSerialize || !rnoshimcache.test( value )  ) &&
+				( jQuery.support.leadingWhitespace || !rleadingWhitespace.test( value ) ) &&
+				!wrapMap[ ( rtagName.exec( value ) || ["", ""] )[1].toLowerCase() ] ) {
+
+				value = value.replace( rxhtmlTag, "<$1></$2>" );
+
+				try {
+					for (; i < l; i++ ) {
+						// Remove element nodes and prevent memory leaks
+						elem = this[i] || {};
+						if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
+							jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) );
+							elem.innerHTML = value;
+						}
+					}
+
+					elem = 0;
+
+				// If using innerHTML throws an exception, use the fallback method
+				} catch(e) {}
+			}
+
+			if ( elem ) {
+				this.empty().append( value );
+			}
+		}, null, value, arguments.length );
+	},
+
+	replaceWith: function() {
+		var
+			// Snapshot the DOM in case .domManip sweeps something relevant into its fragment
+			args = jQuery.map( this, function( elem ) {
+				return [ elem.nextSibling, elem.parentNode ];
+			}),
+			i = 0;
+
+		// Make the changes, replacing each context element with the new content
+		this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) {
+			var next = args[ i++ ],
+				parent = args[ i++ ];
+
+			if ( parent ) {
+				// Don't use the snapshot next if it has moved (#13810)
+				if ( next && next.parentNode !== parent ) {
+					next = this.nextSibling;
+				}
+				jQuery( this ).remove();
+				parent.insertBefore( elem, next );
+			}
+		// Allow new content to include elements from the context set
+		}, true );
+
+		// Force removal if there was no new content (e.g., from empty arguments)
+		return i ? this : this.remove();
+	},
+
+	detach: function( selector ) {
+		return this.remove( selector, true );
+	},
+
+	domManip: function( args, callback, allowIntersection ) {
+
+		// Flatten any nested arrays
+		args = core_concat.apply( [], args );
+
+		var first, node, hasScripts,
+			scripts, doc, fragment,
+			i = 0,
+			l = this.length,
+			set = this,
+			iNoClone = l - 1,
+			value = args[0],
+			isFunction = jQuery.isFunction( value );
+
+		// We can't cloneNode fragments that contain checked, in WebKit
+		if ( isFunction || !( l <= 1 || typeof value !== "string" || jQuery.support.checkClone || !rchecked.test( value ) ) ) {
+			return this.each(function( index ) {
+				var self = set.eq( index );
+				if ( isFunction ) {
+					args[0] = value.call( this, index, self.html() );
+				}
+				self.domManip( args, callback, allowIntersection );
+			});
+		}
+
+		if ( l ) {
+			fragment = jQuery.buildFragment( args, this[ 0 ].ownerDocument, false, !allowIntersection && this );
+			first = fragment.firstChild;
+
+			if ( fragment.childNodes.length === 1 ) {
+				fragment = first;
+			}
+
+			if ( first ) {
+				scripts = jQuery.map( getAll( fragment, "script" ), disableScript );
+				hasScripts = scripts.length;
+
+				// Use the original fragment for the last item instead of the first because it can end up
+				// being emptied incorrectly in certain situations (#8070).
+				for ( ; i < l; i++ ) {
+					node = fragment;
+
+					if ( i !== iNoClone ) {
+						node = jQuery.clone( node, true, true );
+
+						// Keep references to cloned scripts for later restoration
+						if ( hasScripts ) {
+							jQuery.merge( scripts, getAll( node, "script" ) );
+						}
+					}
+
+					callback.call( this[i], node, i );
+				}
+
+				if ( hasScripts ) {
+					doc = scripts[ scripts.length - 1 ].ownerDocument;
+
+					// Reenable scripts
+					jQuery.map( scripts, restoreScript );
+
+					// Evaluate executable scripts on first document insertion
+					for ( i = 0; i < hasScripts; i++ ) {
+						node = scripts[ i ];
+						if ( rscriptType.test( node.type || "" ) &&
+							!jQuery._data( node, "globalEval" ) && jQuery.contains( doc, node ) ) {
+
+							if ( node.src ) {
+								// Hope ajax is available...
+								jQuery._evalUrl( node.src );
+							} else {
+								jQuery.globalEval( ( node.text || node.textContent || node.innerHTML || "" ).replace( rcleanScript, "" ) );
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+
+				// Fix #11809: Avoid leaking memory
+				fragment = first = null;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return this;
+	}
+});
+
+// Support: IE<8
+// Manipulating tables requires a tbody
+function manipulationTarget( elem, content ) {
+	return jQuery.nodeName( elem, "table" ) &&
+		jQuery.nodeName( content.nodeType === 1 ? content : content.firstChild, "tr" ) ?
+
+		elem.getElementsByTagName("tbody")[0] ||
+			elem.appendChild( elem.ownerDocument.createElement("tbody") ) :
+		elem;
+}
+
+// Replace/restore the type attribute of script elements for safe DOM manipulation
+function disableScript( elem ) {
+	elem.type = (jQuery.find.attr( elem, "type" ) !== null) + "/" + elem.type;
+	return elem;
+}
+function restoreScript( elem ) {
+	var match = rscriptTypeMasked.exec( elem.type );
+	if ( match ) {
+		elem.type = match[1];
+	} else {
+		elem.removeAttribute("type");
+	}
+	return elem;
+}
+
+// Mark scripts as having already been evaluated
+function setGlobalEval( elems, refElements ) {
+	var elem,
+		i = 0;
+	for ( ; (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++ ) {
+		jQuery._data( elem, "globalEval", !refElements || jQuery._data( refElements[i], "globalEval" ) );
+	}
+}
+
+function cloneCopyEvent( src, dest ) {
+
+	if ( dest.nodeType !== 1 || !jQuery.hasData( src ) ) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	var type, i, l,
+		oldData = jQuery._data( src ),
+		curData = jQuery._data( dest, oldData ),
+		events = oldData.events;
+
+	if ( events ) {
+		delete curData.handle;
+		curData.events = {};
+
+		for ( type in events ) {
+			for ( i = 0, l = events[ type ].length; i < l; i++ ) {
+				jQuery.event.add( dest, type, events[ type ][ i ] );
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// make the cloned public data object a copy from the original
+	if ( curData.data ) {
+		curData.data = jQuery.extend( {}, curData.data );
+	}
+}
+
+function fixCloneNodeIssues( src, dest ) {
+	var nodeName, e, data;
+
+	// We do not need to do anything for non-Elements
+	if ( dest.nodeType !== 1 ) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	nodeName = dest.nodeName.toLowerCase();
+
+	// IE6-8 copies events bound via attachEvent when using cloneNode.
+	if ( !jQuery.support.noCloneEvent && dest[ jQuery.expando ] ) {
+		data = jQuery._data( dest );
+
+		for ( e in data.events ) {
+			jQuery.removeEvent( dest, e, data.handle );
+		}
+
+		// Event data gets referenced instead of copied if the expando gets copied too
+		dest.removeAttribute( jQuery.expando );
+	}
+
+	// IE blanks contents when cloning scripts, and tries to evaluate newly-set text
+	if ( nodeName === "script" && dest.text !== src.text ) {
+		disableScript( dest ).text = src.text;
+		restoreScript( dest );
+
+	// IE6-10 improperly clones children of object elements using classid.
+	// IE10 throws NoModificationAllowedError if parent is null, #12132.
+	} else if ( nodeName === "object" ) {
+		if ( dest.parentNode ) {
+			dest.outerHTML = src.outerHTML;
+		}
+
+		// This path appears unavoidable for IE9. When cloning an object
+		// element in IE9, the outerHTML strategy above is not sufficient.
+		// If the src has innerHTML and the destination does not,
+		// copy the src.innerHTML into the dest.innerHTML. #10324
+		if ( jQuery.support.html5Clone && ( src.innerHTML && !jQuery.trim(dest.innerHTML) ) ) {
+			dest.innerHTML = src.innerHTML;
+		}
+
+	} else if ( nodeName === "input" && manipulation_rcheckableType.test( src.type ) ) {
+		// IE6-8 fails to persist the checked state of a cloned checkbox
+		// or radio button. Worse, IE6-7 fail to give the cloned element
+		// a checked appearance if the defaultChecked value isn't also set
+
+		dest.defaultChecked = dest.checked = src.checked;
+
+		// IE6-7 get confused and end up setting the value of a cloned
+		// checkbox/radio button to an empty string instead of "on"
+		if ( dest.value !== src.value ) {
+			dest.value = src.value;
+		}
+
+	// IE6-8 fails to return the selected option to the default selected
+	// state when cloning options
+	} else if ( nodeName === "option" ) {
+		dest.defaultSelected = dest.selected = src.defaultSelected;
+
+	// IE6-8 fails to set the defaultValue to the correct value when
+	// cloning other types of input fields
+	} else if ( nodeName === "input" || nodeName === "textarea" ) {
+		dest.defaultValue = src.defaultValue;
+	}
+}
+
+jQuery.each({
+	appendTo: "append",
+	prependTo: "prepend",
+	insertBefore: "before",
+	insertAfter: "after",
+	replaceAll: "replaceWith"
+}, function( name, original ) {
+	jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( selector ) {
+		var elems,
+			i = 0,
+			ret = [],
+			insert = jQuery( selector ),
+			last = insert.length - 1;
+
+		for ( ; i <= last; i++ ) {
+			elems = i === last ? this : this.clone(true);
+			jQuery( insert[i] )[ original ]( elems );
+
+			// Modern browsers can apply jQuery collections as arrays, but oldIE needs a .get()
+			core_push.apply( ret, elems.get() );
+		}
+
+		return this.pushStack( ret );
+	};
+});
+
+function getAll( context, tag ) {
+	var elems, elem,
+		i = 0,
+		found = typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== core_strundefined ? context.getElementsByTagName( tag || "*" ) :
+			typeof context.querySelectorAll !== core_strundefined ? context.querySelectorAll( tag || "*" ) :
+			undefined;
+
+	if ( !found ) {
+		for ( found = [], elems = context.childNodes || context; (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++ ) {
+			if ( !tag || jQuery.nodeName( elem, tag ) ) {
+				found.push( elem );
+			} else {
+				jQuery.merge( found, getAll( elem, tag ) );
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return tag === undefined || tag && jQuery.nodeName( context, tag ) ?
+		jQuery.merge( [ context ], found ) :
+		found;
+}
+
+// Used in buildFragment, fixes the defaultChecked property
+function fixDefaultChecked( elem ) {
+	if ( manipulation_rcheckableType.test( elem.type ) ) {
+		elem.defaultChecked = elem.checked;
+	}
+}
+
+jQuery.extend({
+	clone: function( elem, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) {
+		var destElements, node, clone, i, srcElements,
+			inPage = jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem );
+
+		if ( jQuery.support.html5Clone || jQuery.isXMLDoc(elem) || !rnoshimcache.test( "<" + elem.nodeName + ">" ) ) {
+			clone = elem.cloneNode( true );
+
+		// IE<=8 does not properly clone detached, unknown element nodes
+		} else {
+			fragmentDiv.innerHTML = elem.outerHTML;
+			fragmentDiv.removeChild( clone = fragmentDiv.firstChild );
+		}
+
+		if ( (!jQuery.support.noCloneEvent || !jQuery.support.noCloneChecked) &&
+				(elem.nodeType === 1 || elem.nodeType === 11) && !jQuery.isXMLDoc(elem) ) {
+
+			// We eschew Sizzle here for performance reasons: http://jsperf.com/getall-vs-sizzle/2
+			destElements = getAll( clone );
+			srcElements = getAll( elem );
+
+			// Fix all IE cloning issues
+			for ( i = 0; (node = srcElements[i]) != null; ++i ) {
+				// Ensure that the destination node is not null; Fixes #9587
+				if ( destElements[i] ) {
+					fixCloneNodeIssues( node, destElements[i] );
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Copy the events from the original to the clone
+		if ( dataAndEvents ) {
+			if ( deepDataAndEvents ) {
+				srcElements = srcElements || getAll( elem );
+				destElements = destElements || getAll( clone );
+
+				for ( i = 0; (node = srcElements[i]) != null; i++ ) {
+					cloneCopyEvent( node, destElements[i] );
+				}
+			} else {
+				cloneCopyEvent( elem, clone );
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Preserve script evaluation history
+		destElements = getAll( clone, "script" );
+		if ( destElements.length > 0 ) {
+			setGlobalEval( destElements, !inPage && getAll( elem, "script" ) );
+		}
+
+		destElements = srcElements = node = null;
+
+		// Return the cloned set
+		return clone;
+	},
+
+	buildFragment: function( elems, context, scripts, selection ) {
+		var j, elem, contains,
+			tmp, tag, tbody, wrap,
+			l = elems.length,
+
+			// Ensure a safe fragment
+			safe = createSafeFragment( context ),
+
+			nodes = [],
+			i = 0;
+
+		for ( ; i < l; i++ ) {
+			elem = elems[ i ];
+
+			if ( elem || elem === 0 ) {
+
+				// Add nodes directly
+				if ( jQuery.type( elem ) === "object" ) {
+					jQuery.merge( nodes, elem.nodeType ? [ elem ] : elem );
+
+				// Convert non-html into a text node
+				} else if ( !rhtml.test( elem ) ) {
+					nodes.push( context.createTextNode( elem ) );
+
+				// Convert html into DOM nodes
+				} else {
+					tmp = tmp || safe.appendChild( context.createElement("div") );
+
+					// Deserialize a standard representation
+					tag = ( rtagName.exec( elem ) || ["", ""] )[1].toLowerCase();
+					wrap = wrapMap[ tag ] || wrapMap._default;
+
+					tmp.innerHTML = wrap[1] + elem.replace( rxhtmlTag, "<$1></$2>" ) + wrap[2];
+
+					// Descend through wrappers to the right content
+					j = wrap[0];
+					while ( j-- ) {
+						tmp = tmp.lastChild;
+					}
+
+					// Manually add leading whitespace removed by IE
+					if ( !jQuery.support.leadingWhitespace && rleadingWhitespace.test( elem ) ) {
+						nodes.push( context.createTextNode( rleadingWhitespace.exec( elem )[0] ) );
+					}
+
+					// Remove IE's autoinserted <tbody> from table fragments
+					if ( !jQuery.support.tbody ) {
+
+						// String was a <table>, *may* have spurious <tbody>
+						elem = tag === "table" && !rtbody.test( elem ) ?
+							tmp.firstChild :
+
+							// String was a bare <thead> or <tfoot>
+							wrap[1] === "<table>" && !rtbody.test( elem ) ?
+								tmp :
+								0;
+
+						j = elem && elem.childNodes.length;
+						while ( j-- ) {
+							if ( jQuery.nodeName( (tbody = elem.childNodes[j]), "tbody" ) && !tbody.childNodes.length ) {
+								elem.removeChild( tbody );
+							}
+						}
+					}
+
+					jQuery.merge( nodes, tmp.childNodes );
+
+					// Fix #12392 for WebKit and IE > 9
+					tmp.textContent = "";
+
+					// Fix #12392 for oldIE
+					while ( tmp.firstChild ) {
+						tmp.removeChild( tmp.firstChild );
+					}
+
+					// Remember the top-level container for proper cleanup
+					tmp = safe.lastChild;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Fix #11356: Clear elements from fragment
+		if ( tmp ) {
+			safe.removeChild( tmp );
+		}
+
+		// Reset defaultChecked for any radios and checkboxes
+		// about to be appended to the DOM in IE 6/7 (#8060)
+		if ( !jQuery.support.appendChecked ) {
+			jQuery.grep( getAll( nodes, "input" ), fixDefaultChecked );
+		}
+
+		i = 0;
+		while ( (elem = nodes[ i++ ]) ) {
+
+			// #4087 - If origin and destination elements are the same, and this is
+			// that element, do not do anything
+			if ( selection && jQuery.inArray( elem, selection ) !== -1 ) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			contains = jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem );
+
+			// Append to fragment
+			tmp = getAll( safe.appendChild( elem ), "script" );
+
+			// Preserve script evaluation history
+			if ( contains ) {
+				setGlobalEval( tmp );
+			}
+
+			// Capture executables
+			if ( scripts ) {
+				j = 0;
+				while ( (elem = tmp[ j++ ]) ) {
+					if ( rscriptType.test( elem.type || "" ) ) {
+						scripts.push( elem );
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		tmp = null;
+
+		return safe;
+	},
+
+	cleanData: function( elems, /* internal */ acceptData ) {
+		var elem, type, id, data,
+			i = 0,
+			internalKey = jQuery.expando,
+			cache = jQuery.cache,
+			deleteExpando = jQuery.support.deleteExpando,
+			special = jQuery.event.special;
+
+		for ( ; (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++ ) {
+
+			if ( acceptData || jQuery.acceptData( elem ) ) {
+
+				id = elem[ internalKey ];
+				data = id && cache[ id ];
+
+				if ( data ) {
+					if ( data.events ) {
+						for ( type in data.events ) {
+							if ( special[ type ] ) {
+								jQuery.event.remove( elem, type );
+
+							// This is a shortcut to avoid jQuery.event.remove's overhead
+							} else {
+								jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, data.handle );
+							}
+						}
+					}
+
+					// Remove cache only if it was not already removed by jQuery.event.remove
+					if ( cache[ id ] ) {
+
+						delete cache[ id ];
+
+						// IE does not allow us to delete expando properties from nodes,
+						// nor does it have a removeAttribute function on Document nodes;
+						// we must handle all of these cases
+						if ( deleteExpando ) {
+							delete elem[ internalKey ];
+
+						} else if ( typeof elem.removeAttribute !== core_strundefined ) {
+							elem.removeAttribute( internalKey );
+
+						} else {
+							elem[ internalKey ] = null;
+						}
+
+						core_deletedIds.push( id );
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	},
+
+	_evalUrl: function( url ) {
+		return jQuery.ajax({
+			url: url,
+			type: "GET",
+			dataType: "script",
+			async: false,
+			global: false,
+			"throws": true
+		});
+	}
+});
+jQuery.fn.extend({
+	wrapAll: function( html ) {
+		if ( jQuery.isFunction( html ) ) {
+			return this.each(function(i) {
+				jQuery(this).wrapAll( html.call(this, i) );
+			});
+		}
+
+		if ( this[0] ) {
+			// The elements to wrap the target around
+			var wrap = jQuery( html, this[0].ownerDocument ).eq(0).clone(true);
+
+			if ( this[0].parentNode ) {
+				wrap.insertBefore( this[0] );
+			}
+
+			wrap.map(function() {
+				var elem = this;
+
+				while ( elem.firstChild && elem.firstChild.nodeType === 1 ) {
+					elem = elem.firstChild;
+				}
+
+				return elem;
+			}).append( this );
+		}
+
+		return this;
+	},
+
+	wrapInner: function( html ) {
+		if ( jQuery.isFunction( html ) ) {
+			return this.each(function(i) {
+				jQuery(this).wrapInner( html.call(this, i) );
+			});
+		}
+
+		return this.each(function() {
+			var self = jQuery( this ),
+				contents = self.contents();
+
+			if ( contents.length ) {
+				contents.wrapAll( html );
+
+			} else {
+				self.append( html );
+			}
+		});
+	},
+
+	wrap: function( html ) {
+		var isFunction = jQuery.isFunction( html );
+
+		return this.each(function(i) {
+			jQuery( this ).wrapAll( isFunction ? html.call(this, i) : html );
+		});
+	},
+
+	unwrap: function() {
+		return this.parent().each(function() {
+			if ( !jQuery.nodeName( this, "body" ) ) {
+				jQuery( this ).replaceWith( this.childNodes );
+			}
+		}).end();
+	}
+});
+var iframe, getStyles, curCSS,
+	ralpha = /alpha\([^)]*\)/i,
+	ropacity = /opacity\s*=\s*([^)]*)/,
+	rposition = /^(top|right|bottom|left)$/,
+	// swappable if display is none or starts with table except "table", "table-cell", or "table-caption"
+	// see here for display values: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/CSS/display
+	rdisplayswap = /^(none|table(?!-c[ea]).+)/,
+	rmargin = /^margin/,
+	rnumsplit = new RegExp( "^(" + core_pnum + ")(.*)$", "i" ),
+	rnumnonpx = new RegExp( "^(" + core_pnum + ")(?!px)[a-z%]+$", "i" ),
+	rrelNum = new RegExp( "^([+-])=(" + core_pnum + ")", "i" ),
+	elemdisplay = { BODY: "block" },
+
+	cssShow = { position: "absolute", visibility: "hidden", display: "block" },
+	cssNormalTransform = {
+		letterSpacing: 0,
+		fontWeight: 400
+	},
+
+	cssExpand = [ "Top", "Right", "Bottom", "Left" ],
+	cssPrefixes = [ "Webkit", "O", "Moz", "ms" ];
+
+// return a css property mapped to a potentially vendor prefixed property
+function vendorPropName( style, name ) {
+
+	// shortcut for names that are not vendor prefixed
+	if ( name in style ) {
+		return name;
+	}
+
+	// check for vendor prefixed names
+	var capName = name.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + name.slice(1),
+		origName = name,
+		i = cssPrefixes.length;
+
+	while ( i-- ) {
+		name = cssPrefixes[ i ] + capName;
+		if ( name in style ) {
+			return name;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return origName;
+}
+
+function isHidden( elem, el ) {
+	// isHidden might be called from jQuery#filter function;
+	// in that case, element will be second argument
+	elem = el || elem;
+	return jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) === "none" || !jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem );
+}
+
+function showHide( elements, show ) {
+	var display, elem, hidden,
+		values = [],
+		index = 0,
+		length = elements.length;
+
+	for ( ; index < length; index++ ) {
+		elem = elements[ index ];
+		if ( !elem.style ) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		values[ index ] = jQuery._data( elem, "olddisplay" );
+		display = elem.style.display;
+		if ( show ) {
+			// Reset the inline display of this element to learn if it is
+			// being hidden by cascaded rules or not
+			if ( !values[ index ] && display === "none" ) {
+				elem.style.display = "";
+			}
+
+			// Set elements which have been overridden with display: none
+			// in a stylesheet to whatever the default browser style is
+			// for such an element
+			if ( elem.style.display === "" && isHidden( elem ) ) {
+				values[ index ] = jQuery._data( elem, "olddisplay", css_defaultDisplay(elem.nodeName) );
+			}
+		} else {
+
+			if ( !values[ index ] ) {
+				hidden = isHidden( elem );
+
+				if ( display && display !== "none" || !hidden ) {
+					jQuery._data( elem, "olddisplay", hidden ? display : jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) );
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Set the display of most of the elements in a second loop
+	// to avoid the constant reflow
+	for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) {
+		elem = elements[ index ];
+		if ( !elem.style ) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		if ( !show || elem.style.display === "none" || elem.style.display === "" ) {
+			elem.style.display = show ? values[ index ] || "" : "none";
+		}
+	}
+
+	return elements;
+}
+
+jQuery.fn.extend({
+	css: function( name, value ) {
+		return jQuery.access( this, function( elem, name, value ) {
+			var len, styles,
+				map = {},
+				i = 0;
+
+			if ( jQuery.isArray( name ) ) {
+				styles = getStyles( elem );
+				len = name.length;
+
+				for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
+					map[ name[ i ] ] = jQuery.css( elem, name[ i ], false, styles );
+				}
+
+				return map;
+			}
+
+			return value !== undefined ?
+				jQuery.style( elem, name, value ) :
+				jQuery.css( elem, name );
+		}, name, value, arguments.length > 1 );
+	},
+	show: function() {
+		return showHide( this, true );
+	},
+	hide: function() {
+		return showHide( this );
+	},
+	toggle: function( state ) {
+		if ( typeof state === "boolean" ) {
+			return state ? this.show() : this.hide();
+		}
+
+		return this.each(function() {
+			if ( isHidden( this ) ) {
+				jQuery( this ).show();
+			} else {
+				jQuery( this ).hide();
+			}
+		});
+	}
+});
+
+jQuery.extend({
+	// Add in style property hooks for overriding the default
+	// behavior of getting and setting a style property
+	cssHooks: {
+		opacity: {
+			get: function( elem, computed ) {
+				if ( computed ) {
+					// We should always get a number back from opacity
+					var ret = curCSS( elem, "opacity" );
+					return ret === "" ? "1" : ret;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	},
+
+	// Don't automatically add "px" to these possibly-unitless properties
+	cssNumber: {
+		"columnCount": true,
+		"fillOpacity": true,
+		"fontWeight": true,
+		"lineHeight": true,
+		"opacity": true,
+		"order": true,
+		"orphans": true,
+		"widows": true,
+		"zIndex": true,
+		"zoom": true
+	},
+
+	// Add in properties whose names you wish to fix before
+	// setting or getting the value
+	cssProps: {
+		// normalize float css property
+		"float": jQuery.support.cssFloat ? "cssFloat" : "styleFloat"
+	},
+
+	// Get and set the style property on a DOM Node
+	style: function( elem, name, value, extra ) {
+		// Don't set styles on text and comment nodes
+		if ( !elem || elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 || !elem.style ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Make sure that we're working with the right name
+		var ret, type, hooks,
+			origName = jQuery.camelCase( name ),
+			style = elem.style;
+
+		name = jQuery.cssProps[ origName ] || ( jQuery.cssProps[ origName ] = vendorPropName( style, origName ) );
+
+		// gets hook for the prefixed version
+		// followed by the unprefixed version
+		hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ];
+
+		// Check if we're setting a value
+		if ( value !== undefined ) {
+			type = typeof value;
+
+			// convert relative number strings (+= or -=) to relative numbers. #7345
+			if ( type === "string" && (ret = rrelNum.exec( value )) ) {
+				value = ( ret[1] + 1 ) * ret[2] + parseFloat( jQuery.css( elem, name ) );
+				// Fixes bug #9237
+				type = "number";
+			}
+
+			// Make sure that NaN and null values aren't set. See: #7116
+			if ( value == null || type === "number" && isNaN( value ) ) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			// If a number was passed in, add 'px' to the (except for certain CSS properties)
+			if ( type === "number" && !jQuery.cssNumber[ origName ] ) {
+				value += "px";
+			}
+
+			// Fixes #8908, it can be done more correctly by specifing setters in cssHooks,
+			// but it would mean to define eight (for every problematic property) identical functions
+			if ( !jQuery.support.clearCloneStyle && value === "" && name.indexOf("background") === 0 ) {
+				style[ name ] = "inherit";
+			}
+
+			// If a hook was provided, use that value, otherwise just set the specified value
+			if ( !hooks || !("set" in hooks) || (value = hooks.set( elem, value, extra )) !== undefined ) {
+
+				// Wrapped to prevent IE from throwing errors when 'invalid' values are provided
+				// Fixes bug #5509
+				try {
+					style[ name ] = value;
+				} catch(e) {}
+			}
+
+		} else {
+			// If a hook was provided get the non-computed value from there
+			if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && (ret = hooks.get( elem, false, extra )) !== undefined ) {
+				return ret;
+			}
+
+			// Otherwise just get the value from the style object
+			return style[ name ];
+		}
+	},
+
+	css: function( elem, name, extra, styles ) {
+		var num, val, hooks,
+			origName = jQuery.camelCase( name );
+
+		// Make sure that we're working with the right name
+		name = jQuery.cssProps[ origName ] || ( jQuery.cssProps[ origName ] = vendorPropName( elem.style, origName ) );
+
+		// gets hook for the prefixed version
+		// followed by the unprefixed version
+		hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ];
+
+		// If a hook was provided get the computed value from there
+		if ( hooks && "get" in hooks ) {
+			val = hooks.get( elem, true, extra );
+		}
+
+		// Otherwise, if a way to get the computed value exists, use that
+		if ( val === undefined ) {
+			val = curCSS( elem, name, styles );
+		}
+
+		//convert "normal" to computed value
+		if ( val === "normal" && name in cssNormalTransform ) {
+			val = cssNormalTransform[ name ];
+		}
+
+		// Return, converting to number if forced or a qualifier was provided and val looks numeric
+		if ( extra === "" || extra ) {
+			num = parseFloat( val );
+			return extra === true || jQuery.isNumeric( num ) ? num || 0 : val;
+		}
+		return val;
+	}
+});
+
+// NOTE: we've included the "window" in window.getComputedStyle
+// because jsdom on node.js will break without it.
+if ( window.getComputedStyle ) {
+	getStyles = function( elem ) {
+		return window.getComputedStyle( elem, null );
+	};
+
+	curCSS = function( elem, name, _computed ) {
+		var width, minWidth, maxWidth,
+			computed = _computed || getStyles( elem ),
+
+			// getPropertyValue is only needed for .css('filter') in IE9, see #12537
+			ret = computed ? computed.getPropertyValue( name ) || computed[ name ] : undefined,
+			style = elem.style;
+
+		if ( computed ) {
+
+			if ( ret === "" && !jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ) ) {
+				ret = jQuery.style( elem, name );
+			}
+
+			// A tribute to the "awesome hack by Dean Edwards"
+			// Chrome < 17 and Safari 5.0 uses "computed value" instead of "used value" for margin-right
+			// Safari 5.1.7 (at least) returns percentage for a larger set of values, but width seems to be reliably pixels
+			// this is against the CSSOM draft spec: http://dev.w3.org/csswg/cssom/#resolved-values
+			if ( rnumnonpx.test( ret ) && rmargin.test( name ) ) {
+
+				// Remember the original values
+				width = style.width;
+				minWidth = style.minWidth;
+				maxWidth = style.maxWidth;
+
+				// Put in the new values to get a computed value out
+				style.minWidth = style.maxWidth = style.width = ret;
+				ret = computed.width;
+
+				// Revert the changed values
+				style.width = width;
+				style.minWidth = minWidth;
+				style.maxWidth = maxWidth;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return ret;
+	};
+} else if ( document.documentElement.currentStyle ) {
+	getStyles = function( elem ) {
+		return elem.currentStyle;
+	};
+
+	curCSS = function( elem, name, _computed ) {
+		var left, rs, rsLeft,
+			computed = _computed || getStyles( elem ),
+			ret = computed ? computed[ name ] : undefined,
+			style = elem.style;
+
+		// Avoid setting ret to empty string here
+		// so we don't default to auto
+		if ( ret == null && style && style[ name ] ) {
+			ret = style[ name ];
+		}
+
+		// From the awesome hack by Dean Edwards
+		// http://erik.eae.net/archives/2007/07/27/18.54.15/#comment-102291
+
+		// If we're not dealing with a regular pixel number
+		// but a number that has a weird ending, we need to convert it to pixels
+		// but not position css attributes, as those are proportional to the parent element instead
+		// and we can't measure the parent instead because it might trigger a "stacking dolls" problem
+		if ( rnumnonpx.test( ret ) && !rposition.test( name ) ) {
+
+			// Remember the original values
+			left = style.left;
+			rs = elem.runtimeStyle;
+			rsLeft = rs && rs.left;
+
+			// Put in the new values to get a computed value out
+			if ( rsLeft ) {
+				rs.left = elem.currentStyle.left;
+			}
+			style.left = name === "fontSize" ? "1em" : ret;
+			ret = style.pixelLeft + "px";
+
+			// Revert the changed values
+			style.left = left;
+			if ( rsLeft ) {
+				rs.left = rsLeft;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return ret === "" ? "auto" : ret;
+	};
+}
+
+function setPositiveNumber( elem, value, subtract ) {
+	var matches = rnumsplit.exec( value );
+	return matches ?
+		// Guard against undefined "subtract", e.g., when used as in cssHooks
+		Math.max( 0, matches[ 1 ] - ( subtract || 0 ) ) + ( matches[ 2 ] || "px" ) :
+		value;
+}
+
+function augmentWidthOrHeight( elem, name, extra, isBorderBox, styles ) {
+	var i = extra === ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ) ?
+		// If we already have the right measurement, avoid augmentation
+		4 :
+		// Otherwise initialize for horizontal or vertical properties
+		name === "width" ? 1 : 0,
+
+		val = 0;
+
+	for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 ) {
+		// both box models exclude margin, so add it if we want it
+		if ( extra === "margin" ) {
+			val += jQuery.css( elem, extra + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles );
+		}
+
+		if ( isBorderBox ) {
+			// border-box includes padding, so remove it if we want content
+			if ( extra === "content" ) {
+				val -= jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles );
+			}
+
+			// at this point, extra isn't border nor margin, so remove border
+			if ( extra !== "margin" ) {
+				val -= jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles );
+			}
+		} else {
+			// at this point, extra isn't content, so add padding
+			val += jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles );
+
+			// at this point, extra isn't content nor padding, so add border
+			if ( extra !== "padding" ) {
+				val += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles );
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return val;
+}
+
+function getWidthOrHeight( elem, name, extra ) {
+
+	// Start with offset property, which is equivalent to the border-box value
+	var valueIsBorderBox = true,
+		val = name === "width" ? elem.offsetWidth : elem.offsetHeight,
+		styles = getStyles( elem ),
+		isBorderBox = jQuery.support.boxSizing && jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box";
+
+	// some non-html elements return undefined for offsetWidth, so check for null/undefined
+	// svg - https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=649285
+	// MathML - https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=491668
+	if ( val <= 0 || val == null ) {
+		// Fall back to computed then uncomputed css if necessary
+		val = curCSS( elem, name, styles );
+		if ( val < 0 || val == null ) {
+			val = elem.style[ name ];
+		}
+
+		// Computed unit is not pixels. Stop here and return.
+		if ( rnumnonpx.test(val) ) {
+			return val;
+		}
+
+		// we need the check for style in case a browser which returns unreliable values
+		// for getComputedStyle silently falls back to the reliable elem.style
+		valueIsBorderBox = isBorderBox && ( jQuery.support.boxSizingReliable || val === elem.style[ name ] );
+
+		// Normalize "", auto, and prepare for extra
+		val = parseFloat( val ) || 0;
+	}
+
+	// use the active box-sizing model to add/subtract irrelevant styles
+	return ( val +
+		augmentWidthOrHeight(
+			elem,
+			name,
+			extra || ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ),
+			valueIsBorderBox,
+			styles
+		)
+	) + "px";
+}
+
+// Try to determine the default display value of an element
+function css_defaultDisplay( nodeName ) {
+	var doc = document,
+		display = elemdisplay[ nodeName ];
+
+	if ( !display ) {
+		display = actualDisplay( nodeName, doc );
+
+		// If the simple way fails, read from inside an iframe
+		if ( display === "none" || !display ) {
+			// Use the already-created iframe if possible
+			iframe = ( iframe ||
+				jQuery("<iframe frameborder='0' width='0' height='0'/>")
+				.css( "cssText", "display:block !important" )
+			).appendTo( doc.documentElement );
+
+			// Always write a new HTML skeleton so Webkit and Firefox don't choke on reuse
+			doc = ( iframe[0].contentWindow || iframe[0].contentDocument ).document;
+			doc.write("<!doctype html><html><body>");
+			doc.close();
+
+			display = actualDisplay( nodeName, doc );
+			iframe.detach();
+		}
+
+		// Store the correct default display
+		elemdisplay[ nodeName ] = display;
+	}
+
+	return display;
+}
+
+// Called ONLY from within css_defaultDisplay
+function actualDisplay( name, doc ) {
+	var elem = jQuery( doc.createElement( name ) ).appendTo( doc.body ),
+		display = jQuery.css( elem[0], "display" );
+	elem.remove();
+	return display;
+}
+
+jQuery.each([ "height", "width" ], function( i, name ) {
+	jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] = {
+		get: function( elem, computed, extra ) {
+			if ( computed ) {
+				// certain elements can have dimension info if we invisibly show them
+				// however, it must have a current display style that would benefit from this
+				return elem.offsetWidth === 0 && rdisplayswap.test( jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) ) ?
+					jQuery.swap( elem, cssShow, function() {
+						return getWidthOrHeight( elem, name, extra );
+					}) :
+					getWidthOrHeight( elem, name, extra );
+			}
+		},
+
+		set: function( elem, value, extra ) {
+			var styles = extra && getStyles( elem );
+			return setPositiveNumber( elem, value, extra ?
+				augmentWidthOrHeight(
+					elem,
+					name,
+					extra,
+					jQuery.support.boxSizing && jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box",
+					styles
+				) : 0
+			);
+		}
+	};
+});
+
+if ( !jQuery.support.opacity ) {
+	jQuery.cssHooks.opacity = {
+		get: function( elem, computed ) {
+			// IE uses filters for opacity
+			return ropacity.test( (computed && elem.currentStyle ? elem.currentStyle.filter : elem.style.filter) || "" ) ?
+				( 0.01 * parseFloat( RegExp.$1 ) ) + "" :
+				computed ? "1" : "";
+		},
+
+		set: function( elem, value ) {
+			var style = elem.style,
+				currentStyle = elem.currentStyle,
+				opacity = jQuery.isNumeric( value ) ? "alpha(opacity=" + value * 100 + ")" : "",
+				filter = currentStyle && currentStyle.filter || style.filter || "";
+
+			// IE has trouble with opacity if it does not have layout
+			// Force it by setting the zoom level
+			style.zoom = 1;
+
+			// if setting opacity to 1, and no other filters exist - attempt to remove filter attribute #6652
+			// if value === "", then remove inline opacity #12685
+			if ( ( value >= 1 || value === "" ) &&
+					jQuery.trim( filter.replace( ralpha, "" ) ) === "" &&
+					style.removeAttribute ) {
+
+				// Setting style.filter to null, "" & " " still leave "filter:" in the cssText
+				// if "filter:" is present at all, clearType is disabled, we want to avoid this
+				// style.removeAttribute is IE Only, but so apparently is this code path...
+				style.removeAttribute( "filter" );
+
+				// if there is no filter style applied in a css rule or unset inline opacity, we are done
+				if ( value === "" || currentStyle && !currentStyle.filter ) {
+					return;
+				}
+			}
+
+			// otherwise, set new filter values
+			style.filter = ralpha.test( filter ) ?
+				filter.replace( ralpha, opacity ) :
+				filter + " " + opacity;
+		}
+	};
+}
+
+// These hooks cannot be added until DOM ready because the support test
+// for it is not run until after DOM ready
+jQuery(function() {
+	if ( !jQuery.support.reliableMarginRight ) {
+		jQuery.cssHooks.marginRight = {
+			get: function( elem, computed ) {
+				if ( computed ) {
+					// WebKit Bug 13343 - getComputedStyle returns wrong value for margin-right
+					// Work around by temporarily setting element display to inline-block
+					return jQuery.swap( elem, { "display": "inline-block" },
+						curCSS, [ elem, "marginRight" ] );
+				}
+			}
+		};
+	}
+
+	// Webkit bug: https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=29084
+	// getComputedStyle returns percent when specified for top/left/bottom/right
+	// rather than make the css module depend on the offset module, we just check for it here
+	if ( !jQuery.support.pixelPosition && jQuery.fn.position ) {
+		jQuery.each( [ "top", "left" ], function( i, prop ) {
+			jQuery.cssHooks[ prop ] = {
+				get: function( elem, computed ) {
+					if ( computed ) {
+						computed = curCSS( elem, prop );
+						// if curCSS returns percentage, fallback to offset
+						return rnumnonpx.test( computed ) ?
+							jQuery( elem ).position()[ prop ] + "px" :
+							computed;
+					}
+				}
+			};
+		});
+	}
+
+});
+
+if ( jQuery.expr && jQuery.expr.filters ) {
+	jQuery.expr.filters.hidden = function( elem ) {
+		// Support: Opera <= 12.12
+		// Opera reports offsetWidths and offsetHeights less than zero on some elements
+		return elem.offsetWidth <= 0 && elem.offsetHeight <= 0 ||
+			(!jQuery.support.reliableHiddenOffsets && ((elem.style && elem.style.display) || jQuery.css( elem, "display" )) === "none");
+	};
+
+	jQuery.expr.filters.visible = function( elem ) {
+		return !jQuery.expr.filters.hidden( elem );
+	};
+}
+
+// These hooks are used by animate to expand properties
+jQuery.each({
+	margin: "",
+	padding: "",
+	border: "Width"
+}, function( prefix, suffix ) {
+	jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ] = {
+		expand: function( value ) {
+			var i = 0,
+				expanded = {},
+
+				// assumes a single number if not a string
+				parts = typeof value === "string" ? value.split(" ") : [ value ];
+
+			for ( ; i < 4; i++ ) {
+				expanded[ prefix + cssExpand[ i ] + suffix ] =
+					parts[ i ] || parts[ i - 2 ] || parts[ 0 ];
+			}
+
+			return expanded;
+		}
+	};
+
+	if ( !rmargin.test( prefix ) ) {
+		jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ].set = setPositiveNumber;
+	}
+});
+var r20 = /%20/g,
+	rbracket = /\[\]$/,
+	rCRLF = /\r?\n/g,
+	rsubmitterTypes = /^(?:submit|button|image|reset|file)$/i,
+	rsubmittable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|keygen)/i;
+
+jQuery.fn.extend({
+	serialize: function() {
+		return jQuery.param( this.serializeArray() );
+	},
+	serializeArray: function() {
+		return this.map(function(){
+			// Can add propHook for "elements" to filter or add form elements
+			var elements = jQuery.prop( this, "elements" );
+			return elements ? jQuery.makeArray( elements ) : this;
+		})
+		.filter(function(){
+			var type = this.type;
+			// Use .is(":disabled") so that fieldset[disabled] works
+			return this.name && !jQuery( this ).is( ":disabled" ) &&
+				rsubmittable.test( this.nodeName ) && !rsubmitterTypes.test( type ) &&
+				( this.checked || !manipulation_rcheckableType.test( type ) );
+		})
+		.map(function( i, elem ){
+			var val = jQuery( this ).val();
+
+			return val == null ?
+				null :
+				jQuery.isArray( val ) ?
+					jQuery.map( val, function( val ){
+						return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) };
+					}) :
+					{ name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) };
+		}).get();
+	}
+});
+
+//Serialize an array of form elements or a set of
+//key/values into a query string
+jQuery.param = function( a, traditional ) {
+	var prefix,
+		s = [],
+		add = function( key, value ) {
+			// If value is a function, invoke it and return its value
+			value = jQuery.isFunction( value ) ? value() : ( value == null ? "" : value );
+			s[ s.length ] = encodeURIComponent( key ) + "=" + encodeURIComponent( value );
+		};
+
+	// Set traditional to true for jQuery <= 1.3.2 behavior.
+	if ( traditional === undefined ) {
+		traditional = jQuery.ajaxSettings && jQuery.ajaxSettings.traditional;
+	}
+
+	// If an array was passed in, assume that it is an array of form elements.
+	if ( jQuery.isArray( a ) || ( a.jquery && !jQuery.isPlainObject( a ) ) ) {
+		// Serialize the form elements
+		jQuery.each( a, function() {
+			add( this.name, this.value );
+		});
+
+	} else {
+		// If traditional, encode the "old" way (the way 1.3.2 or older
+		// did it), otherwise encode params recursively.
+		for ( prefix in a ) {
+			buildParams( prefix, a[ prefix ], traditional, add );
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Return the resulting serialization
+	return s.join( "&" ).replace( r20, "+" );
+};
+
+function buildParams( prefix, obj, traditional, add ) {
+	var name;
+
+	if ( jQuery.isArray( obj ) ) {
+		// Serialize array item.
+		jQuery.each( obj, function( i, v ) {
+			if ( traditional || rbracket.test( prefix ) ) {
+				// Treat each array item as a scalar.
+				add( prefix, v );
+
+			} else {
+				// Item is non-scalar (array or object), encode its numeric index.
+				buildParams( prefix + "[" + ( typeof v === "object" ? i : "" ) + "]", v, traditional, add );
+			}
+		});
+
+	} else if ( !traditional && jQuery.type( obj ) === "object" ) {
+		// Serialize object item.
+		for ( name in obj ) {
+			buildParams( prefix + "[" + name + "]", obj[ name ], traditional, add );
+		}
+
+	} else {
+		// Serialize scalar item.
+		add( prefix, obj );
+	}
+}
+jQuery.each( ("blur focus focusin focusout load resize scroll unload click dblclick " +
+	"mousedown mouseup mousemove mouseover mouseout mouseenter mouseleave " +
+	"change select submit keydown keypress keyup error contextmenu").split(" "), function( i, name ) {
+
+	// Handle event binding
+	jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( data, fn ) {
+		return arguments.length > 0 ?
+			this.on( name, null, data, fn ) :
+			this.trigger( name );
+	};
+});
+
+jQuery.fn.extend({
+	hover: function( fnOver, fnOut ) {
+		return this.mouseenter( fnOver ).mouseleave( fnOut || fnOver );
+	},
+
+	bind: function( types, data, fn ) {
+		return this.on( types, null, data, fn );
+	},
+	unbind: function( types, fn ) {
+		return this.off( types, null, fn );
+	},
+
+	delegate: function( selector, types, data, fn ) {
+		return this.on( types, selector, data, fn );
+	},
+	undelegate: function( selector, types, fn ) {
+		// ( namespace ) or ( selector, types [, fn] )
+		return arguments.length === 1 ? this.off( selector, "**" ) : this.off( types, selector || "**", fn );
+	}
+});
+var
+	// Document location
+	ajaxLocParts,
+	ajaxLocation,
+	ajax_nonce = jQuery.now(),
+
+	ajax_rquery = /\?/,
+	rhash = /#.*$/,
+	rts = /([?&])_=[^&]*/,
+	rheaders = /^(.*?):[ \t]*([^\r\n]*)\r?$/mg, // IE leaves an \r character at EOL
+	// #7653, #8125, #8152: local protocol detection
+	rlocalProtocol = /^(?:about|app|app-storage|.+-extension|file|res|widget):$/,
+	rnoContent = /^(?:GET|HEAD)$/,
+	rprotocol = /^\/\//,
+	rurl = /^([\w.+-]+:)(?:\/\/([^\/?#:]*)(?::(\d+)|)|)/,
+
+	// Keep a copy of the old load method
+	_load = jQuery.fn.load,
+
+	/* Prefilters
+	 * 1) They are useful to introduce custom dataTypes (see ajax/jsonp.js for an example)
+	 * 2) These are called:
+	 *    - BEFORE asking for a transport
+	 *    - AFTER param serialization (s.data is a string if s.processData is true)
+	 * 3) key is the dataType
+	 * 4) the catchall symbol "*" can be used
+	 * 5) execution will start with transport dataType and THEN continue down to "*" if needed
+	 */
+	prefilters = {},
+
+	/* Transports bindings
+	 * 1) key is the dataType
+	 * 2) the catchall symbol "*" can be used
+	 * 3) selection will start with transport dataType and THEN go to "*" if needed
+	 */
+	transports = {},
+
+	// Avoid comment-prolog char sequence (#10098); must appease lint and evade compression
+	allTypes = "*/".concat("*");
+
+// #8138, IE may throw an exception when accessing
+// a field from window.location if document.domain has been set
+try {
+	ajaxLocation = location.href;
+} catch( e ) {
+	// Use the href attribute of an A element
+	// since IE will modify it given document.location
+	ajaxLocation = document.createElement( "a" );
+	ajaxLocation.href = "";
+	ajaxLocation = ajaxLocation.href;
+}
+
+// Segment location into parts
+ajaxLocParts = rurl.exec( ajaxLocation.toLowerCase() ) || [];
+
+// Base "constructor" for jQuery.ajaxPrefilter and jQuery.ajaxTransport
+function addToPrefiltersOrTransports( structure ) {
+
+	// dataTypeExpression is optional and defaults to "*"
+	return function( dataTypeExpression, func ) {
+
+		if ( typeof dataTypeExpression !== "string" ) {
+			func = dataTypeExpression;
+			dataTypeExpression = "*";
+		}
+
+		var dataType,
+			i = 0,
+			dataTypes = dataTypeExpression.toLowerCase().match( core_rnotwhite ) || [];
+
+		if ( jQuery.isFunction( func ) ) {
+			// For each dataType in the dataTypeExpression
+			while ( (dataType = dataTypes[i++]) ) {
+				// Prepend if requested
+				if ( dataType[0] === "+" ) {
+					dataType = dataType.slice( 1 ) || "*";
+					(structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || []).unshift( func );
+
+				// Otherwise append
+				} else {
+					(structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || []).push( func );
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	};
+}
+
+// Base inspection function for prefilters and transports
+function inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( structure, options, originalOptions, jqXHR ) {
+
+	var inspected = {},
+		seekingTransport = ( structure === transports );
+
+	function inspect( dataType ) {
+		var selected;
+		inspected[ dataType ] = true;
+		jQuery.each( structure[ dataType ] || [], function( _, prefilterOrFactory ) {
+			var dataTypeOrTransport = prefilterOrFactory( options, originalOptions, jqXHR );
+			if( typeof dataTypeOrTransport === "string" && !seekingTransport && !inspected[ dataTypeOrTransport ] ) {
+				options.dataTypes.unshift( dataTypeOrTransport );
+				inspect( dataTypeOrTransport );
+				return false;
+			} else if ( seekingTransport ) {
+				return !( selected = dataTypeOrTransport );
+			}
+		});
+		return selected;
+	}
+
+	return inspect( options.dataTypes[ 0 ] ) || !inspected[ "*" ] && inspect( "*" );
+}
+
+// A special extend for ajax options
+// that takes "flat" options (not to be deep extended)
+// Fixes #9887
+function ajaxExtend( target, src ) {
+	var deep, key,
+		flatOptions = jQuery.ajaxSettings.flatOptions || {};
+
+	for ( key in src ) {
+		if ( src[ key ] !== undefined ) {
+			( flatOptions[ key ] ? target : ( deep || (deep = {}) ) )[ key ] = src[ key ];
+		}
+	}
+	if ( deep ) {
+		jQuery.extend( true, target, deep );
+	}
+
+	return target;
+}
+
+jQuery.fn.load = function( url, params, callback ) {
+	if ( typeof url !== "string" && _load ) {
+		return _load.apply( this, arguments );
+	}
+
+	var selector, response, type,
+		self = this,
+		off = url.indexOf(" ");
+
+	if ( off >= 0 ) {
+		selector = url.slice( off, url.length );
+		url = url.slice( 0, off );
+	}
+
+	// If it's a function
+	if ( jQuery.isFunction( params ) ) {
+
+		// We assume that it's the callback
+		callback = params;
+		params = undefined;
+
+	// Otherwise, build a param string
+	} else if ( params && typeof params === "object" ) {
+		type = "POST";
+	}
+
+	// If we have elements to modify, make the request
+	if ( self.length > 0 ) {
+		jQuery.ajax({
+			url: url,
+
+			// if "type" variable is undefined, then "GET" method will be used
+			type: type,
+			dataType: "html",
+			data: params
+		}).done(function( responseText ) {
+
+			// Save response for use in complete callback
+			response = arguments;
+
+			self.html( selector ?
+
+				// If a selector was specified, locate the right elements in a dummy div
+				// Exclude scripts to avoid IE 'Permission Denied' errors
+				jQuery("<div>").append( jQuery.parseHTML( responseText ) ).find( selector ) :
+
+				// Otherwise use the full result
+				responseText );
+
+		}).complete( callback && function( jqXHR, status ) {
+			self.each( callback, response || [ jqXHR.responseText, status, jqXHR ] );
+		});
+	}
+
+	return this;
+};
+
+// Attach a bunch of functions for handling common AJAX events
+jQuery.each( [ "ajaxStart", "ajaxStop", "ajaxComplete", "ajaxError", "ajaxSuccess", "ajaxSend" ], function( i, type ){
+	jQuery.fn[ type ] = function( fn ){
+		return this.on( type, fn );
+	};
+});
+
+jQuery.extend({
+
+	// Counter for holding the number of active queries
+	active: 0,
+
+	// Last-Modified header cache for next request
+	lastModified: {},
+	etag: {},
+
+	ajaxSettings: {
+		url: ajaxLocation,
+		type: "GET",
+		isLocal: rlocalProtocol.test( ajaxLocParts[ 1 ] ),
+		global: true,
+		processData: true,
+		async: true,
+		contentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8",
+		/*
+		timeout: 0,
+		data: null,
+		dataType: null,
+		username: null,
+		password: null,
+		cache: null,
+		throws: false,
+		traditional: false,
+		headers: {},
+		*/
+
+		accepts: {
+			"*": allTypes,
+			text: "text/plain",
+			html: "text/html",
+			xml: "application/xml, text/xml",
+			json: "application/json, text/javascript"
+		},
+
+		contents: {
+			xml: /xml/,
+			html: /html/,
+			json: /json/
+		},
+
+		responseFields: {
+			xml: "responseXML",
+			text: "responseText",
+			json: "responseJSON"
+		},
+
+		// Data converters
+		// Keys separate source (or catchall "*") and destination types with a single space
+		converters: {
+
+			// Convert anything to text
+			"* text": String,
+
+			// Text to html (true = no transformation)
+			"text html": true,
+
+			// Evaluate text as a json expression
+			"text json": jQuery.parseJSON,
+
+			// Parse text as xml
+			"text xml": jQuery.parseXML
+		},
+
+		// For options that shouldn't be deep extended:
+		// you can add your own custom options here if
+		// and when you create one that shouldn't be
+		// deep extended (see ajaxExtend)
+		flatOptions: {
+			url: true,
+			context: true
+		}
+	},
+
+	// Creates a full fledged settings object into target
+	// with both ajaxSettings and settings fields.
+	// If target is omitted, writes into ajaxSettings.
+	ajaxSetup: function( target, settings ) {
+		return settings ?
+
+			// Building a settings object
+			ajaxExtend( ajaxExtend( target, jQuery.ajaxSettings ), settings ) :
+
+			// Extending ajaxSettings
+			ajaxExtend( jQuery.ajaxSettings, target );
+	},
+
+	ajaxPrefilter: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters ),
+	ajaxTransport: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( transports ),
+
+	// Main method
+	ajax: function( url, options ) {
+
+		// If url is an object, simulate pre-1.5 signature
+		if ( typeof url === "object" ) {
+			options = url;
+			url = undefined;
+		}
+
+		// Force options to be an object
+		options = options || {};
+
+		var // Cross-domain detection vars
+			parts,
+			// Loop variable
+			i,
+			// URL without anti-cache param
+			cacheURL,
+			// Response headers as string
+			responseHeadersString,
+			// timeout handle
+			timeoutTimer,
+
+			// To know if global events are to be dispatched
+			fireGlobals,
+
+			transport,
+			// Response headers
+			responseHeaders,
+			// Create the final options object
+			s = jQuery.ajaxSetup( {}, options ),
+			// Callbacks context
+			callbackContext = s.context || s,
+			// Context for global events is callbackContext if it is a DOM node or jQuery collection
+			globalEventContext = s.context && ( callbackContext.nodeType || callbackContext.jquery ) ?
+				jQuery( callbackContext ) :
+				jQuery.event,
+			// Deferreds
+			deferred = jQuery.Deferred(),
+			completeDeferred = jQuery.Callbacks("once memory"),
+			// Status-dependent callbacks
+			statusCode = s.statusCode || {},
+			// Headers (they are sent all at once)
+			requestHeaders = {},
+			requestHeadersNames = {},
+			// The jqXHR state
+			state = 0,
+			// Default abort message
+			strAbort = "canceled",
+			// Fake xhr
+			jqXHR = {
+				readyState: 0,
+
+				// Builds headers hashtable if needed
+				getResponseHeader: function( key ) {
+					var match;
+					if ( state === 2 ) {
+						if ( !responseHeaders ) {
+							responseHeaders = {};
+							while ( (match = rheaders.exec( responseHeadersString )) ) {
+								responseHeaders[ match[1].toLowerCase() ] = match[ 2 ];
+							}
+						}
+						match = responseHeaders[ key.toLowerCase() ];
+					}
+					return match == null ? null : match;
+				},
+
+				// Raw string
+				getAllResponseHeaders: function() {
+					return state === 2 ? responseHeadersString : null;
+				},
+
+				// Caches the header
+				setRequestHeader: function( name, value ) {
+					var lname = name.toLowerCase();
+					if ( !state ) {
+						name = requestHeadersNames[ lname ] = requestHeadersNames[ lname ] || name;
+						requestHeaders[ name ] = value;
+					}
+					return this;
+				},
+
+				// Overrides response content-type header
+				overrideMimeType: function( type ) {
+					if ( !state ) {
+						s.mimeType = type;
+					}
+					return this;
+				},
+
+				// Status-dependent callbacks
+				statusCode: function( map ) {
+					var code;
+					if ( map ) {
+						if ( state < 2 ) {
+							for ( code in map ) {
+								// Lazy-add the new callback in a way that preserves old ones
+								statusCode[ code ] = [ statusCode[ code ], map[ code ] ];
+							}
+						} else {
+							// Execute the appropriate callbacks
+							jqXHR.always( map[ jqXHR.status ] );
+						}
+					}
+					return this;
+				},
+
+				// Cancel the request
+				abort: function( statusText ) {
+					var finalText = statusText || strAbort;
+					if ( transport ) {
+						transport.abort( finalText );
+					}
+					done( 0, finalText );
+					return this;
+				}
+			};
+
+		// Attach deferreds
+		deferred.promise( jqXHR ).complete = completeDeferred.add;
+		jqXHR.success = jqXHR.done;
+		jqXHR.error = jqXHR.fail;
+
+		// Remove hash character (#7531: and string promotion)
+		// Add protocol if not provided (#5866: IE7 issue with protocol-less urls)
+		// Handle falsy url in the settings object (#10093: consistency with old signature)
+		// We also use the url parameter if available
+		s.url = ( ( url || s.url || ajaxLocation ) + "" ).replace( rhash, "" ).replace( rprotocol, ajaxLocParts[ 1 ] + "//" );
+
+		// Alias method option to type as per ticket #12004
+		s.type = options.method || options.type || s.method || s.type;
+
+		// Extract dataTypes list
+		s.dataTypes = jQuery.trim( s.dataType || "*" ).toLowerCase().match( core_rnotwhite ) || [""];
+
+		// A cross-domain request is in order when we have a protocol:host:port mismatch
+		if ( s.crossDomain == null ) {
+			parts = rurl.exec( s.url.toLowerCase() );
+			s.crossDomain = !!( parts &&
+				( parts[ 1 ] !== ajaxLocParts[ 1 ] || parts[ 2 ] !== ajaxLocParts[ 2 ] ||
+					( parts[ 3 ] || ( parts[ 1 ] === "http:" ? "80" : "443" ) ) !==
+						( ajaxLocParts[ 3 ] || ( ajaxLocParts[ 1 ] === "http:" ? "80" : "443" ) ) )
+			);
+		}
+
+		// Convert data if not already a string
+		if ( s.data && s.processData && typeof s.data !== "string" ) {
+			s.data = jQuery.param( s.data, s.traditional );
+		}
+
+		// Apply prefilters
+		inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters, s, options, jqXHR );
+
+		// If request was aborted inside a prefilter, stop there
+		if ( state === 2 ) {
+			return jqXHR;
+		}
+
+		// We can fire global events as of now if asked to
+		fireGlobals = s.global;
+
+		// Watch for a new set of requests
+		if ( fireGlobals && jQuery.active++ === 0 ) {
+			jQuery.event.trigger("ajaxStart");
+		}
+
+		// Uppercase the type
+		s.type = s.type.toUpperCase();
+
+		// Determine if request has content
+		s.hasContent = !rnoContent.test( s.type );
+
+		// Save the URL in case we're toying with the If-Modified-Since
+		// and/or If-None-Match header later on
+		cacheURL = s.url;
+
+		// More options handling for requests with no content
+		if ( !s.hasContent ) {
+
+			// If data is available, append data to url
+			if ( s.data ) {
+				cacheURL = ( s.url += ( ajax_rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + s.data );
+				// #9682: remove data so that it's not used in an eventual retry
+				delete s.data;
+			}
+
+			// Add anti-cache in url if needed
+			if ( s.cache === false ) {
+				s.url = rts.test( cacheURL ) ?
+
+					// If there is already a '_' parameter, set its value
+					cacheURL.replace( rts, "$1_=" + ajax_nonce++ ) :
+
+					// Otherwise add one to the end
+					cacheURL + ( ajax_rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + "_=" + ajax_nonce++;
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode.
+		if ( s.ifModified ) {
+			if ( jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] ) {
+				jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-Modified-Since", jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] );
+			}
+			if ( jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] ) {
+				jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-None-Match", jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] );
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Set the correct header, if data is being sent
+		if ( s.data && s.hasContent && s.contentType !== false || options.contentType ) {
+			jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "Content-Type", s.contentType );
+		}
+
+		// Set the Accepts header for the server, depending on the dataType
+		jqXHR.setRequestHeader(
+			"Accept",
+			s.dataTypes[ 0 ] && s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[0] ] ?
+				s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[0] ] + ( s.dataTypes[ 0 ] !== "*" ? ", " + allTypes + "; q=0.01" : "" ) :
+				s.accepts[ "*" ]
+		);
+
+		// Check for headers option
+		for ( i in s.headers ) {
+			jqXHR.setRequestHeader( i, s.headers[ i ] );
+		}
+
+		// Allow custom headers/mimetypes and early abort
+		if ( s.beforeSend && ( s.beforeSend.call( callbackContext, jqXHR, s ) === false || state === 2 ) ) {
+			// Abort if not done already and return
+			return jqXHR.abort();
+		}
+
+		// aborting is no longer a cancellation
+		strAbort = "abort";
+
+		// Install callbacks on deferreds
+		for ( i in { success: 1, error: 1, complete: 1 } ) {
+			jqXHR[ i ]( s[ i ] );
+		}
+
+		// Get transport
+		transport = inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( transports, s, options, jqXHR );
+
+		// If no transport, we auto-abort
+		if ( !transport ) {
+			done( -1, "No Transport" );
+		} else {
+			jqXHR.readyState = 1;
+
+			// Send global event
+			if ( fireGlobals ) {
+				globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxSend", [ jqXHR, s ] );
+			}
+			// Timeout
+			if ( s.async && s.timeout > 0 ) {
+				timeoutTimer = setTimeout(function() {
+					jqXHR.abort("timeout");
+				}, s.timeout );
+			}
+
+			try {
+				state = 1;
+				transport.send( requestHeaders, done );
+			} catch ( e ) {
+				// Propagate exception as error if not done
+				if ( state < 2 ) {
+					done( -1, e );
+				// Simply rethrow otherwise
+				} else {
+					throw e;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Callback for when everything is done
+		function done( status, nativeStatusText, responses, headers ) {
+			var isSuccess, success, error, response, modified,
+				statusText = nativeStatusText;
+
+			// Called once
+			if ( state === 2 ) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			// State is "done" now
+			state = 2;
+
+			// Clear timeout if it exists
+			if ( timeoutTimer ) {
+				clearTimeout( timeoutTimer );
+			}
+
+			// Dereference transport for early garbage collection
+			// (no matter how long the jqXHR object will be used)
+			transport = undefined;
+
+			// Cache response headers
+			responseHeadersString = headers || "";
+
+			// Set readyState
+			jqXHR.readyState = status > 0 ? 4 : 0;
+
+			// Determine if successful
+			isSuccess = status >= 200 && status < 300 || status === 304;
+
+			// Get response data
+			if ( responses ) {
+				response = ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses );
+			}
+
+			// Convert no matter what (that way responseXXX fields are always set)
+			response = ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess );
+
+			// If successful, handle type chaining
+			if ( isSuccess ) {
+
+				// Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode.
+				if ( s.ifModified ) {
+					modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader("Last-Modified");
+					if ( modified ) {
+						jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] = modified;
+					}
+					modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader("etag");
+					if ( modified ) {
+						jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] = modified;
+					}
+				}
+
+				// if no content
+				if ( status === 204 || s.type === "HEAD" ) {
+					statusText = "nocontent";
+
+				// if not modified
+				} else if ( status === 304 ) {
+					statusText = "notmodified";
+
+				// If we have data, let's convert it
+				} else {
+					statusText = response.state;
+					success = response.data;
+					error = response.error;
+					isSuccess = !error;
+				}
+			} else {
+				// We extract error from statusText
+				// then normalize statusText and status for non-aborts
+				error = statusText;
+				if ( status || !statusText ) {
+					statusText = "error";
+					if ( status < 0 ) {
+						status = 0;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Set data for the fake xhr object
+			jqXHR.status = status;
+			jqXHR.statusText = ( nativeStatusText || statusText ) + "";
+
+			// Success/Error
+			if ( isSuccess ) {
+				deferred.resolveWith( callbackContext, [ success, statusText, jqXHR ] );
+			} else {
+				deferred.rejectWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText, error ] );
+			}
+
+			// Status-dependent callbacks
+			jqXHR.statusCode( statusCode );
+			statusCode = undefined;
+
+			if ( fireGlobals ) {
+				globalEventContext.trigger( isSuccess ? "ajaxSuccess" : "ajaxError",
+					[ jqXHR, s, isSuccess ? success : error ] );
+			}
+
+			// Complete
+			completeDeferred.fireWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText ] );
+
+			if ( fireGlobals ) {
+				globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxComplete", [ jqXHR, s ] );
+				// Handle the global AJAX counter
+				if ( !( --jQuery.active ) ) {
+					jQuery.event.trigger("ajaxStop");
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return jqXHR;
+	},
+
+	getJSON: function( url, data, callback ) {
+		return jQuery.get( url, data, callback, "json" );
+	},
+
+	getScript: function( url, callback ) {
+		return jQuery.get( url, undefined, callback, "script" );
+	}
+});
+
+jQuery.each( [ "get", "post" ], function( i, method ) {
+	jQuery[ method ] = function( url, data, callback, type ) {
+		// shift arguments if data argument was omitted
+		if ( jQuery.isFunction( data ) ) {
+			type = type || callback;
+			callback = data;
+			data = undefined;
+		}
+
+		return jQuery.ajax({
+			url: url,
+			type: method,
+			dataType: type,
+			data: data,
+			success: callback
+		});
+	};
+});
+
+/* Handles responses to an ajax request:
+ * - finds the right dataType (mediates between content-type and expected dataType)
+ * - returns the corresponding response
+ */
+function ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses ) {
+	var firstDataType, ct, finalDataType, type,
+		contents = s.contents,
+		dataTypes = s.dataTypes;
+
+	// Remove auto dataType and get content-type in the process
+	while( dataTypes[ 0 ] === "*" ) {
+		dataTypes.shift();
+		if ( ct === undefined ) {
+			ct = s.mimeType || jqXHR.getResponseHeader("Content-Type");
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Check if we're dealing with a known content-type
+	if ( ct ) {
+		for ( type in contents ) {
+			if ( contents[ type ] && contents[ type ].test( ct ) ) {
+				dataTypes.unshift( type );
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Check to see if we have a response for the expected dataType
+	if ( dataTypes[ 0 ] in responses ) {
+		finalDataType = dataTypes[ 0 ];
+	} else {
+		// Try convertible dataTypes
+		for ( type in responses ) {
+			if ( !dataTypes[ 0 ] || s.converters[ type + " " + dataTypes[0] ] ) {
+				finalDataType = type;
+				break;
+			}
+			if ( !firstDataType ) {
+				firstDataType = type;
+			}
+		}
+		// Or just use first one
+		finalDataType = finalDataType || firstDataType;
+	}
+
+	// If we found a dataType
+	// We add the dataType to the list if needed
+	// and return the corresponding response
+	if ( finalDataType ) {
+		if ( finalDataType !== dataTypes[ 0 ] ) {
+			dataTypes.unshift( finalDataType );
+		}
+		return responses[ finalDataType ];
+	}
+}
+
+/* Chain conversions given the request and the original response
+ * Also sets the responseXXX fields on the jqXHR instance
+ */
+function ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess ) {
+	var conv2, current, conv, tmp, prev,
+		converters = {},
+		// Work with a copy of dataTypes in case we need to modify it for conversion
+		dataTypes = s.dataTypes.slice();
+
+	// Create converters map with lowercased keys
+	if ( dataTypes[ 1 ] ) {
+		for ( conv in s.converters ) {
+			converters[ conv.toLowerCase() ] = s.converters[ conv ];
+		}
+	}
+
+	current = dataTypes.shift();
+
+	// Convert to each sequential dataType
+	while ( current ) {
+
+		if ( s.responseFields[ current ] ) {
+			jqXHR[ s.responseFields[ current ] ] = response;
+		}
+
+		// Apply the dataFilter if provided
+		if ( !prev && isSuccess && s.dataFilter ) {
+			response = s.dataFilter( response, s.dataType );
+		}
+
+		prev = current;
+		current = dataTypes.shift();
+
+		if ( current ) {
+
+			// There's only work to do if current dataType is non-auto
+			if ( current === "*" ) {
+
+				current = prev;
+
+			// Convert response if prev dataType is non-auto and differs from current
+			} else if ( prev !== "*" && prev !== current ) {
+
+				// Seek a direct converter
+				conv = converters[ prev + " " + current ] || converters[ "* " + current ];
+
+				// If none found, seek a pair
+				if ( !conv ) {
+					for ( conv2 in converters ) {
+
+						// If conv2 outputs current
+						tmp = conv2.split( " " );
+						if ( tmp[ 1 ] === current ) {
+
+							// If prev can be converted to accepted input
+							conv = converters[ prev + " " + tmp[ 0 ] ] ||
+								converters[ "* " + tmp[ 0 ] ];
+							if ( conv ) {
+								// Condense equivalence converters
+								if ( conv === true ) {
+									conv = converters[ conv2 ];
+
+								// Otherwise, insert the intermediate dataType
+								} else if ( converters[ conv2 ] !== true ) {
+									current = tmp[ 0 ];
+									dataTypes.unshift( tmp[ 1 ] );
+								}
+								break;
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+
+				// Apply converter (if not an equivalence)
+				if ( conv !== true ) {
+
+					// Unless errors are allowed to bubble, catch and return them
+					if ( conv && s[ "throws" ] ) {
+						response = conv( response );
+					} else {
+						try {
+							response = conv( response );
+						} catch ( e ) {
+							return { state: "parsererror", error: conv ? e : "No conversion from " + prev + " to " + current };
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return { state: "success", data: response };
+}
+// Install script dataType
+jQuery.ajaxSetup({
+	accepts: {
+		script: "text/javascript, application/javascript, application/ecmascript, application/x-ecmascript"
+	},
+	contents: {
+		script: /(?:java|ecma)script/
+	},
+	converters: {
+		"text script": function( text ) {
+			jQuery.globalEval( text );
+			return text;
+		}
+	}
+});
+
+// Handle cache's special case and global
+jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( "script", function( s ) {
+	if ( s.cache === undefined ) {
+		s.cache = false;
+	}
+	if ( s.crossDomain ) {
+		s.type = "GET";
+		s.global = false;
+	}
+});
+
+// Bind script tag hack transport
+jQuery.ajaxTransport( "script", function(s) {
+
+	// This transport only deals with cross domain requests
+	if ( s.crossDomain ) {
+
+		var script,
+			head = document.head || jQuery("head")[0] || document.documentElement;
+
+		return {
+
+			send: function( _, callback ) {
+
+				script = document.createElement("script");
+
+				script.async = true;
+
+				if ( s.scriptCharset ) {
+					script.charset = s.scriptCharset;
+				}
+
+				script.src = s.url;
+
+				// Attach handlers for all browsers
+				script.onload = script.onreadystatechange = function( _, isAbort ) {
+
+					if ( isAbort || !script.readyState || /loaded|complete/.test( script.readyState ) ) {
+
+						// Handle memory leak in IE
+						script.onload = script.onreadystatechange = null;
+
+						// Remove the script
+						if ( script.parentNode ) {
+							script.parentNode.removeChild( script );
+						}
+
+						// Dereference the script
+						script = null;
+
+						// Callback if not abort
+						if ( !isAbort ) {
+							callback( 200, "success" );
+						}
+					}
+				};
+
+				// Circumvent IE6 bugs with base elements (#2709 and #4378) by prepending
+				// Use native DOM manipulation to avoid our domManip AJAX trickery
+				head.insertBefore( script, head.firstChild );
+			},
+
+			abort: function() {
+				if ( script ) {
+					script.onload( undefined, true );
+				}
+			}
+		};
+	}
+});
+var oldCallbacks = [],
+	rjsonp = /(=)\?(?=&|$)|\?\?/;
+
+// Default jsonp settings
+jQuery.ajaxSetup({
+	jsonp: "callback",
+	jsonpCallback: function() {
+		var callback = oldCallbacks.pop() || ( jQuery.expando + "_" + ( ajax_nonce++ ) );
+		this[ callback ] = true;
+		return callback;
+	}
+});
+
+// Detect, normalize options and install callbacks for jsonp requests
+jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( "json jsonp", function( s, originalSettings, jqXHR ) {
+
+	var callbackName, overwritten, responseContainer,
+		jsonProp = s.jsonp !== false && ( rjsonp.test( s.url ) ?
+			"url" :
+			typeof s.data === "string" && !( s.contentType || "" ).indexOf("application/x-www-form-urlencoded") && rjsonp.test( s.data ) && "data"
+		);
+
+	// Handle iff the expected data type is "jsonp" or we have a parameter to set
+	if ( jsonProp || s.dataTypes[ 0 ] === "jsonp" ) {
+
+		// Get callback name, remembering preexisting value associated with it
+		callbackName = s.jsonpCallback = jQuery.isFunction( s.jsonpCallback ) ?
+			s.jsonpCallback() :
+			s.jsonpCallback;
+
+		// Insert callback into url or form data
+		if ( jsonProp ) {
+			s[ jsonProp ] = s[ jsonProp ].replace( rjsonp, "$1" + callbackName );
+		} else if ( s.jsonp !== false ) {
+			s.url += ( ajax_rquery.test( s.url ) ? "&" : "?" ) + s.jsonp + "=" + callbackName;
+		}
+
+		// Use data converter to retrieve json after script execution
+		s.converters["script json"] = function() {
+			if ( !responseContainer ) {
+				jQuery.error( callbackName + " was not called" );
+			}
+			return responseContainer[ 0 ];
+		};
+
+		// force json dataType
+		s.dataTypes[ 0 ] = "json";
+
+		// Install callback
+		overwritten = window[ callbackName ];
+		window[ callbackName ] = function() {
+			responseContainer = arguments;
+		};
+
+		// Clean-up function (fires after converters)
+		jqXHR.always(function() {
+			// Restore preexisting value
+			window[ callbackName ] = overwritten;
+
+			// Save back as free
+			if ( s[ callbackName ] ) {
+				// make sure that re-using the options doesn't screw things around
+				s.jsonpCallback = originalSettings.jsonpCallback;
+
+				// save the callback name for future use
+				oldCallbacks.push( callbackName );
+			}
+
+			// Call if it was a function and we have a response
+			if ( responseContainer && jQuery.isFunction( overwritten ) ) {
+				overwritten( responseContainer[ 0 ] );
+			}
+
+			responseContainer = overwritten = undefined;
+		});
+
+		// Delegate to script
+		return "script";
+	}
+});
+var xhrCallbacks, xhrSupported,
+	xhrId = 0,
+	// #5280: Internet Explorer will keep connections alive if we don't abort on unload
+	xhrOnUnloadAbort = window.ActiveXObject && function() {
+		// Abort all pending requests
+		var key;
+		for ( key in xhrCallbacks ) {
+			xhrCallbacks[ key ]( undefined, true );
+		}
+	};
+
+// Functions to create xhrs
+function createStandardXHR() {
+	try {
+		return new window.XMLHttpRequest();
+	} catch( e ) {}
+}
+
+function createActiveXHR() {
+	try {
+		return new window.ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
+	} catch( e ) {}
+}
+
+// Create the request object
+// (This is still attached to ajaxSettings for backward compatibility)
+jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr = window.ActiveXObject ?
+	/* Microsoft failed to properly
+	 * implement the XMLHttpRequest in IE7 (can't request local files),
+	 * so we use the ActiveXObject when it is available
+	 * Additionally XMLHttpRequest can be disabled in IE7/IE8 so
+	 * we need a fallback.
+	 */
+	function() {
+		return !this.isLocal && createStandardXHR() || createActiveXHR();
+	} :
+	// For all other browsers, use the standard XMLHttpRequest object
+	createStandardXHR;
+
+// Determine support properties
+xhrSupported = jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr();
+jQuery.support.cors = !!xhrSupported && ( "withCredentials" in xhrSupported );
+xhrSupported = jQuery.support.ajax = !!xhrSupported;
+
+// Create transport if the browser can provide an xhr
+if ( xhrSupported ) {
+
+	jQuery.ajaxTransport(function( s ) {
+		// Cross domain only allowed if supported through XMLHttpRequest
+		if ( !s.crossDomain || jQuery.support.cors ) {
+
+			var callback;
+
+			return {
+				send: function( headers, complete ) {
+
+					// Get a new xhr
+					var handle, i,
+						xhr = s.xhr();
+
+					// Open the socket
+					// Passing null username, generates a login popup on Opera (#2865)
+					if ( s.username ) {
+						xhr.open( s.type, s.url, s.async, s.username, s.password );
+					} else {
+						xhr.open( s.type, s.url, s.async );
+					}
+
+					// Apply custom fields if provided
+					if ( s.xhrFields ) {
+						for ( i in s.xhrFields ) {
+							xhr[ i ] = s.xhrFields[ i ];
+						}
+					}
+
+					// Override mime type if needed
+					if ( s.mimeType && xhr.overrideMimeType ) {
+						xhr.overrideMimeType( s.mimeType );
+					}
+
+					// X-Requested-With header
+					// For cross-domain requests, seeing as conditions for a preflight are
+					// akin to a jigsaw puzzle, we simply never set it to be sure.
+					// (it can always be set on a per-request basis or even using ajaxSetup)
+					// For same-domain requests, won't change header if already provided.
+					if ( !s.crossDomain && !headers["X-Requested-With"] ) {
+						headers["X-Requested-With"] = "XMLHttpRequest";
+					}
+
+					// Need an extra try/catch for cross domain requests in Firefox 3
+					try {
+						for ( i in headers ) {
+							xhr.setRequestHeader( i, headers[ i ] );
+						}
+					} catch( err ) {}
+
+					// Do send the request
+					// This may raise an exception which is actually
+					// handled in jQuery.ajax (so no try/catch here)
+					xhr.send( ( s.hasContent && s.data ) || null );
+
+					// Listener
+					callback = function( _, isAbort ) {
+						var status, responseHeaders, statusText, responses;
+
+						// Firefox throws exceptions when accessing properties
+						// of an xhr when a network error occurred
+						// http://helpful.knobs-dials.com/index.php/Component_returned_failure_code:_0x80040111_(NS_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE)
+						try {
+
+							// Was never called and is aborted or complete
+							if ( callback && ( isAbort || xhr.readyState === 4 ) ) {
+
+								// Only called once
+								callback = undefined;
+
+								// Do not keep as active anymore
+								if ( handle ) {
+									xhr.onreadystatechange = jQuery.noop;
+									if ( xhrOnUnloadAbort ) {
+										delete xhrCallbacks[ handle ];
+									}
+								}
+
+								// If it's an abort
+								if ( isAbort ) {
+									// Abort it manually if needed
+									if ( xhr.readyState !== 4 ) {
+										xhr.abort();
+									}
+								} else {
+									responses = {};
+									status = xhr.status;
+									responseHeaders = xhr.getAllResponseHeaders();
+
+									// When requesting binary data, IE6-9 will throw an exception
+									// on any attempt to access responseText (#11426)
+									if ( typeof xhr.responseText === "string" ) {
+										responses.text = xhr.responseText;
+									}
+
+									// Firefox throws an exception when accessing
+									// statusText for faulty cross-domain requests
+									try {
+										statusText = xhr.statusText;
+									} catch( e ) {
+										// We normalize with Webkit giving an empty statusText
+										statusText = "";
+									}
+
+									// Filter status for non standard behaviors
+
+									// If the request is local and we have data: assume a success
+									// (success with no data won't get notified, that's the best we
+									// can do given current implementations)
+									if ( !status && s.isLocal && !s.crossDomain ) {
+										status = responses.text ? 200 : 404;
+									// IE - #1450: sometimes returns 1223 when it should be 204
+									} else if ( status === 1223 ) {
+										status = 204;
+									}
+								}
+							}
+						} catch( firefoxAccessException ) {
+							if ( !isAbort ) {
+								complete( -1, firefoxAccessException );
+							}
+						}
+
+						// Call complete if needed
+						if ( responses ) {
+							complete( status, statusText, responses, responseHeaders );
+						}
+					};
+
+					if ( !s.async ) {
+						// if we're in sync mode we fire the callback
+						callback();
+					} else if ( xhr.readyState === 4 ) {
+						// (IE6 & IE7) if it's in cache and has been
+						// retrieved directly we need to fire the callback
+						setTimeout( callback );
+					} else {
+						handle = ++xhrId;
+						if ( xhrOnUnloadAbort ) {
+							// Create the active xhrs callbacks list if needed
+							// and attach the unload handler
+							if ( !xhrCallbacks ) {
+								xhrCallbacks = {};
+								jQuery( window ).unload( xhrOnUnloadAbort );
+							}
+							// Add to list of active xhrs callbacks
+							xhrCallbacks[ handle ] = callback;
+						}
+						xhr.onreadystatechange = callback;
+					}
+				},
+
+				abort: function() {
+					if ( callback ) {
+						callback( undefined, true );
+					}
+				}
+			};
+		}
+	});
+}
+var fxNow, timerId,
+	rfxtypes = /^(?:toggle|show|hide)$/,
+	rfxnum = new RegExp( "^(?:([+-])=|)(" + core_pnum + ")([a-z%]*)$", "i" ),
+	rrun = /queueHooks$/,
+	animationPrefilters = [ defaultPrefilter ],
+	tweeners = {
+		"*": [function( prop, value ) {
+			var tween = this.createTween( prop, value ),
+				target = tween.cur(),
+				parts = rfxnum.exec( value ),
+				unit = parts && parts[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" ),
+
+				// Starting value computation is required for potential unit mismatches
+				start = ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] || unit !== "px" && +target ) &&
+					rfxnum.exec( jQuery.css( tween.elem, prop ) ),
+				scale = 1,
+				maxIterations = 20;
+
+			if ( start && start[ 3 ] !== unit ) {
+				// Trust units reported by jQuery.css
+				unit = unit || start[ 3 ];
+
+				// Make sure we update the tween properties later on
+				parts = parts || [];
+
+				// Iteratively approximate from a nonzero starting point
+				start = +target || 1;
+
+				do {
+					// If previous iteration zeroed out, double until we get *something*
+					// Use a string for doubling factor so we don't accidentally see scale as unchanged below
+					scale = scale || ".5";
+
+					// Adjust and apply
+					start = start / scale;
+					jQuery.style( tween.elem, prop, start + unit );
+
+				// Update scale, tolerating zero or NaN from tween.cur()
+				// And breaking the loop if scale is unchanged or perfect, or if we've just had enough
+				} while ( scale !== (scale = tween.cur() / target) && scale !== 1 && --maxIterations );
+			}
+
+			// Update tween properties
+			if ( parts ) {
+				start = tween.start = +start || +target || 0;
+				tween.unit = unit;
+				// If a +=/-= token was provided, we're doing a relative animation
+				tween.end = parts[ 1 ] ?
+					start + ( parts[ 1 ] + 1 ) * parts[ 2 ] :
+					+parts[ 2 ];
+			}
+
+			return tween;
+		}]
+	};
+
+// Animations created synchronously will run synchronously
+function createFxNow() {
+	setTimeout(function() {
+		fxNow = undefined;
+	});
+	return ( fxNow = jQuery.now() );
+}
+
+function createTween( value, prop, animation ) {
+	var tween,
+		collection = ( tweeners[ prop ] || [] ).concat( tweeners[ "*" ] ),
+		index = 0,
+		length = collection.length;
+	for ( ; index < length; index++ ) {
+		if ( (tween = collection[ index ].call( animation, prop, value )) ) {
+
+			// we're done with this property
+			return tween;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+function Animation( elem, properties, options ) {
+	var result,
+		stopped,
+		index = 0,
+		length = animationPrefilters.length,
+		deferred = jQuery.Deferred().always( function() {
+			// don't match elem in the :animated selector
+			delete tick.elem;
+		}),
+		tick = function() {
+			if ( stopped ) {
+				return false;
+			}
+			var currentTime = fxNow || createFxNow(),
+				remaining = Math.max( 0, animation.startTime + animation.duration - currentTime ),
+				// archaic crash bug won't allow us to use 1 - ( 0.5 || 0 ) (#12497)
+				temp = remaining / animation.duration || 0,
+				percent = 1 - temp,
+				index = 0,
+				length = animation.tweens.length;
+
+			for ( ; index < length ; index++ ) {
+				animation.tweens[ index ].run( percent );
+			}
+
+			deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, percent, remaining ]);
+
+			if ( percent < 1 && length ) {
+				return remaining;
+			} else {
+				deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation ] );
+				return false;
+			}
+		},
+		animation = deferred.promise({
+			elem: elem,
+			props: jQuery.extend( {}, properties ),
+			opts: jQuery.extend( true, { specialEasing: {} }, options ),
+			originalProperties: properties,
+			originalOptions: options,
+			startTime: fxNow || createFxNow(),
+			duration: options.duration,
+			tweens: [],
+			createTween: function( prop, end ) {
+				var tween = jQuery.Tween( elem, animation.opts, prop, end,
+						animation.opts.specialEasing[ prop ] || animation.opts.easing );
+				animation.tweens.push( tween );
+				return tween;
+			},
+			stop: function( gotoEnd ) {
+				var index = 0,
+					// if we are going to the end, we want to run all the tweens
+					// otherwise we skip this part
+					length = gotoEnd ? animation.tweens.length : 0;
+				if ( stopped ) {
+					return this;
+				}
+				stopped = true;
+				for ( ; index < length ; index++ ) {
+					animation.tweens[ index ].run( 1 );
+				}
+
+				// resolve when we played the last frame
+				// otherwise, reject
+				if ( gotoEnd ) {
+					deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] );
+				} else {
+					deferred.rejectWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] );
+				}
+				return this;
+			}
+		}),
+		props = animation.props;
+
+	propFilter( props, animation.opts.specialEasing );
+
+	for ( ; index < length ; index++ ) {
+		result = animationPrefilters[ index ].call( animation, elem, props, animation.opts );
+		if ( result ) {
+			return result;
+		}
+	}
+
+	jQuery.map( props, createTween, animation );
+
+	if ( jQuery.isFunction( animation.opts.start ) ) {
+		animation.opts.start.call( elem, animation );
+	}
+
+	jQuery.fx.timer(
+		jQuery.extend( tick, {
+			elem: elem,
+			anim: animation,
+			queue: animation.opts.queue
+		})
+	);
+
+	// attach callbacks from options
+	return animation.progress( animation.opts.progress )
+		.done( animation.opts.done, animation.opts.complete )
+		.fail( animation.opts.fail )
+		.always( animation.opts.always );
+}
+
+function propFilter( props, specialEasing ) {
+	var index, name, easing, value, hooks;
+
+	// camelCase, specialEasing and expand cssHook pass
+	for ( index in props ) {
+		name = jQuery.camelCase( index );
+		easing = specialEasing[ name ];
+		value = props[ index ];
+		if ( jQuery.isArray( value ) ) {
+			easing = value[ 1 ];
+			value = props[ index ] = value[ 0 ];
+		}
+
+		if ( index !== name ) {
+			props[ name ] = value;
+			delete props[ index ];
+		}
+
+		hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ];
+		if ( hooks && "expand" in hooks ) {
+			value = hooks.expand( value );
+			delete props[ name ];
+
+			// not quite $.extend, this wont overwrite keys already present.
+			// also - reusing 'index' from above because we have the correct "name"
+			for ( index in value ) {
+				if ( !( index in props ) ) {
+					props[ index ] = value[ index ];
+					specialEasing[ index ] = easing;
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			specialEasing[ name ] = easing;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+jQuery.Animation = jQuery.extend( Animation, {
+
+	tweener: function( props, callback ) {
+		if ( jQuery.isFunction( props ) ) {
+			callback = props;
+			props = [ "*" ];
+		} else {
+			props = props.split(" ");
+		}
+
+		var prop,
+			index = 0,
+			length = props.length;
+
+		for ( ; index < length ; index++ ) {
+			prop = props[ index ];
+			tweeners[ prop ] = tweeners[ prop ] || [];
+			tweeners[ prop ].unshift( callback );
+		}
+	},
+
+	prefilter: function( callback, prepend ) {
+		if ( prepend ) {
+			animationPrefilters.unshift( callback );
+		} else {
+			animationPrefilters.push( callback );
+		}
+	}
+});
+
+function defaultPrefilter( elem, props, opts ) {
+	/* jshint validthis: true */
+	var prop, value, toggle, tween, hooks, oldfire,
+		anim = this,
+		orig = {},
+		style = elem.style,
+		hidden = elem.nodeType && isHidden( elem ),
+		dataShow = jQuery._data( elem, "fxshow" );
+
+	// handle queue: false promises
+	if ( !opts.queue ) {
+		hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, "fx" );
+		if ( hooks.unqueued == null ) {
+			hooks.unqueued = 0;
+			oldfire = hooks.empty.fire;
+			hooks.empty.fire = function() {
+				if ( !hooks.unqueued ) {
+					oldfire();
+				}
+			};
+		}
+		hooks.unqueued++;
+
+		anim.always(function() {
+			// doing this makes sure that the complete handler will be called
+			// before this completes
+			anim.always(function() {
+				hooks.unqueued--;
+				if ( !jQuery.queue( elem, "fx" ).length ) {
+					hooks.empty.fire();
+				}
+			});
+		});
+	}
+
+	// height/width overflow pass
+	if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && ( "height" in props || "width" in props ) ) {
+		// Make sure that nothing sneaks out
+		// Record all 3 overflow attributes because IE does not
+		// change the overflow attribute when overflowX and
+		// overflowY are set to the same value
+		opts.overflow = [ style.overflow, style.overflowX, style.overflowY ];
+
+		// Set display property to inline-block for height/width
+		// animations on inline elements that are having width/height animated
+		if ( jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) === "inline" &&
+				jQuery.css( elem, "float" ) === "none" ) {
+
+			// inline-level elements accept inline-block;
+			// block-level elements need to be inline with layout
+			if ( !jQuery.support.inlineBlockNeedsLayout || css_defaultDisplay( elem.nodeName ) === "inline" ) {
+				style.display = "inline-block";
+
+			} else {
+				style.zoom = 1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ( opts.overflow ) {
+		style.overflow = "hidden";
+		if ( !jQuery.support.shrinkWrapBlocks ) {
+			anim.always(function() {
+				style.overflow = opts.overflow[ 0 ];
+				style.overflowX = opts.overflow[ 1 ];
+				style.overflowY = opts.overflow[ 2 ];
+			});
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	// show/hide pass
+	for ( prop in props ) {
+		value = props[ prop ];
+		if ( rfxtypes.exec( value ) ) {
+			delete props[ prop ];
+			toggle = toggle || value === "toggle";
+			if ( value === ( hidden ? "hide" : "show" ) ) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			orig[ prop ] = dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] || jQuery.style( elem, prop );
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ( !jQuery.isEmptyObject( orig ) ) {
+		if ( dataShow ) {
+			if ( "hidden" in dataShow ) {
+				hidden = dataShow.hidden;
+			}
+		} else {
+			dataShow = jQuery._data( elem, "fxshow", {} );
+		}
+
+		// store state if its toggle - enables .stop().toggle() to "reverse"
+		if ( toggle ) {
+			dataShow.hidden = !hidden;
+		}
+		if ( hidden ) {
+			jQuery( elem ).show();
+		} else {
+			anim.done(function() {
+				jQuery( elem ).hide();
+			});
+		}
+		anim.done(function() {
+			var prop;
+			jQuery._removeData( elem, "fxshow" );
+			for ( prop in orig ) {
+				jQuery.style( elem, prop, orig[ prop ] );
+			}
+		});
+		for ( prop in orig ) {
+			tween = createTween( hidden ? dataShow[ prop ] : 0, prop, anim );
+
+			if ( !( prop in dataShow ) ) {
+				dataShow[ prop ] = tween.start;
+				if ( hidden ) {
+					tween.end = tween.start;
+					tween.start = prop === "width" || prop === "height" ? 1 : 0;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+function Tween( elem, options, prop, end, easing ) {
+	return new Tween.prototype.init( elem, options, prop, end, easing );
+}
+jQuery.Tween = Tween;
+
+Tween.prototype = {
+	constructor: Tween,
+	init: function( elem, options, prop, end, easing, unit ) {
+		this.elem = elem;
+		this.prop = prop;
+		this.easing = easing || "swing";
+		this.options = options;
+		this.start = this.now = this.cur();
+		this.end = end;
+		this.unit = unit || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" );
+	},
+	cur: function() {
+		var hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ];
+
+		return hooks && hooks.get ?
+			hooks.get( this ) :
+			Tween.propHooks._default.get( this );
+	},
+	run: function( percent ) {
+		var eased,
+			hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ];
+
+		if ( this.options.duration ) {
+			this.pos = eased = jQuery.easing[ this.easing ](
+				percent, this.options.duration * percent, 0, 1, this.options.duration
+			);
+		} else {
+			this.pos = eased = percent;
+		}
+		this.now = ( this.end - this.start ) * eased + this.start;
+
+		if ( this.options.step ) {
+			this.options.step.call( this.elem, this.now, this );
+		}
+
+		if ( hooks && hooks.set ) {
+			hooks.set( this );
+		} else {
+			Tween.propHooks._default.set( this );
+		}
+		return this;
+	}
+};
+
+Tween.prototype.init.prototype = Tween.prototype;
+
+Tween.propHooks = {
+	_default: {
+		get: function( tween ) {
+			var result;
+
+			if ( tween.elem[ tween.prop ] != null &&
+				(!tween.elem.style || tween.elem.style[ tween.prop ] == null) ) {
+				return tween.elem[ tween.prop ];
+			}
+
+			// passing an empty string as a 3rd parameter to .css will automatically
+			// attempt a parseFloat and fallback to a string if the parse fails
+			// so, simple values such as "10px" are parsed to Float.
+			// complex values such as "rotate(1rad)" are returned as is.
+			result = jQuery.css( tween.elem, tween.prop, "" );
+			// Empty strings, null, undefined and "auto" are converted to 0.
+			return !result || result === "auto" ? 0 : result;
+		},
+		set: function( tween ) {
+			// use step hook for back compat - use cssHook if its there - use .style if its
+			// available and use plain properties where available
+			if ( jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ] ) {
+				jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ]( tween );
+			} else if ( tween.elem.style && ( tween.elem.style[ jQuery.cssProps[ tween.prop ] ] != null || jQuery.cssHooks[ tween.prop ] ) ) {
+				jQuery.style( tween.elem, tween.prop, tween.now + tween.unit );
+			} else {
+				tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+// Support: IE <=9
+// Panic based approach to setting things on disconnected nodes
+
+Tween.propHooks.scrollTop = Tween.propHooks.scrollLeft = {
+	set: function( tween ) {
+		if ( tween.elem.nodeType && tween.elem.parentNode ) {
+			tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now;
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+jQuery.each([ "toggle", "show", "hide" ], function( i, name ) {
+	var cssFn = jQuery.fn[ name ];
+	jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) {
+		return speed == null || typeof speed === "boolean" ?
+			cssFn.apply( this, arguments ) :
+			this.animate( genFx( name, true ), speed, easing, callback );
+	};
+});
+
+jQuery.fn.extend({
+	fadeTo: function( speed, to, easing, callback ) {
+
+		// show any hidden elements after setting opacity to 0
+		return this.filter( isHidden ).css( "opacity", 0 ).show()
+
+			// animate to the value specified
+			.end().animate({ opacity: to }, speed, easing, callback );
+	},
+	animate: function( prop, speed, easing, callback ) {
+		var empty = jQuery.isEmptyObject( prop ),
+			optall = jQuery.speed( speed, easing, callback ),
+			doAnimation = function() {
+				// Operate on a copy of prop so per-property easing won't be lost
+				var anim = Animation( this, jQuery.extend( {}, prop ), optall );
+
+				// Empty animations, or finishing resolves immediately
+				if ( empty || jQuery._data( this, "finish" ) ) {
+					anim.stop( true );
+				}
+			};
+			doAnimation.finish = doAnimation;
+
+		return empty || optall.queue === false ?
+			this.each( doAnimation ) :
+			this.queue( optall.queue, doAnimation );
+	},
+	stop: function( type, clearQueue, gotoEnd ) {
+		var stopQueue = function( hooks ) {
+			var stop = hooks.stop;
+			delete hooks.stop;
+			stop( gotoEnd );
+		};
+
+		if ( typeof type !== "string" ) {
+			gotoEnd = clearQueue;
+			clearQueue = type;
+			type = undefined;
+		}
+		if ( clearQueue && type !== false ) {
+			this.queue( type || "fx", [] );
+		}
+
+		return this.each(function() {
+			var dequeue = true,
+				index = type != null && type + "queueHooks",
+				timers = jQuery.timers,
+				data = jQuery._data( this );
+
+			if ( index ) {
+				if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop ) {
+					stopQueue( data[ index ] );
+				}
+			} else {
+				for ( index in data ) {
+					if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop && rrun.test( index ) ) {
+						stopQueue( data[ index ] );
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) {
+				if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && (type == null || timers[ index ].queue === type) ) {
+					timers[ index ].anim.stop( gotoEnd );
+					dequeue = false;
+					timers.splice( index, 1 );
+				}
+			}
+
+			// start the next in the queue if the last step wasn't forced
+			// timers currently will call their complete callbacks, which will dequeue
+			// but only if they were gotoEnd
+			if ( dequeue || !gotoEnd ) {
+				jQuery.dequeue( this, type );
+			}
+		});
+	},
+	finish: function( type ) {
+		if ( type !== false ) {
+			type = type || "fx";
+		}
+		return this.each(function() {
+			var index,
+				data = jQuery._data( this ),
+				queue = data[ type + "queue" ],
+				hooks = data[ type + "queueHooks" ],
+				timers = jQuery.timers,
+				length = queue ? queue.length : 0;
+
+			// enable finishing flag on private data
+			data.finish = true;
+
+			// empty the queue first
+			jQuery.queue( this, type, [] );
+
+			if ( hooks && hooks.stop ) {
+				hooks.stop.call( this, true );
+			}
+
+			// look for any active animations, and finish them
+			for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) {
+				if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && timers[ index ].queue === type ) {
+					timers[ index ].anim.stop( true );
+					timers.splice( index, 1 );
+				}
+			}
+
+			// look for any animations in the old queue and finish them
+			for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) {
+				if ( queue[ index ] && queue[ index ].finish ) {
+					queue[ index ].finish.call( this );
+				}
+			}
+
+			// turn off finishing flag
+			delete data.finish;
+		});
+	}
+});
+
+// Generate parameters to create a standard animation
+function genFx( type, includeWidth ) {
+	var which,
+		attrs = { height: type },
+		i = 0;
+
+	// if we include width, step value is 1 to do all cssExpand values,
+	// if we don't include width, step value is 2 to skip over Left and Right
+	includeWidth = includeWidth? 1 : 0;
+	for( ; i < 4 ; i += 2 - includeWidth ) {
+		which = cssExpand[ i ];
+		attrs[ "margin" + which ] = attrs[ "padding" + which ] = type;
+	}
+
+	if ( includeWidth ) {
+		attrs.opacity = attrs.width = type;
+	}
+
+	return attrs;
+}
+
+// Generate shortcuts for custom animations
+jQuery.each({
+	slideDown: genFx("show"),
+	slideUp: genFx("hide"),
+	slideToggle: genFx("toggle"),
+	fadeIn: { opacity: "show" },
+	fadeOut: { opacity: "hide" },
+	fadeToggle: { opacity: "toggle" }
+}, function( name, props ) {
+	jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) {
+		return this.animate( props, speed, easing, callback );
+	};
+});
+
+jQuery.speed = function( speed, easing, fn ) {
+	var opt = speed && typeof speed === "object" ? jQuery.extend( {}, speed ) : {
+		complete: fn || !fn && easing ||
+			jQuery.isFunction( speed ) && speed,
+		duration: speed,
+		easing: fn && easing || easing && !jQuery.isFunction( easing ) && easing
+	};
+
+	opt.duration = jQuery.fx.off ? 0 : typeof opt.duration === "number" ? opt.duration :
+		opt.duration in jQuery.fx.speeds ? jQuery.fx.speeds[ opt.duration ] : jQuery.fx.speeds._default;
+
+	// normalize opt.queue - true/undefined/null -> "fx"
+	if ( opt.queue == null || opt.queue === true ) {
+		opt.queue = "fx";
+	}
+
+	// Queueing
+	opt.old = opt.complete;
+
+	opt.complete = function() {
+		if ( jQuery.isFunction( opt.old ) ) {
+			opt.old.call( this );
+		}
+
+		if ( opt.queue ) {
+			jQuery.dequeue( this, opt.queue );
+		}
+	};
+
+	return opt;
+};
+
+jQuery.easing = {
+	linear: function( p ) {
+		return p;
+	},
+	swing: function( p ) {
+		return 0.5 - Math.cos( p*Math.PI ) / 2;
+	}
+};
+
+jQuery.timers = [];
+jQuery.fx = Tween.prototype.init;
+jQuery.fx.tick = function() {
+	var timer,
+		timers = jQuery.timers,
+		i = 0;
+
+	fxNow = jQuery.now();
+
+	for ( ; i < timers.length; i++ ) {
+		timer = timers[ i ];
+		// Checks the timer has not already been removed
+		if ( !timer() && timers[ i ] === timer ) {
+			timers.splice( i--, 1 );
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ( !timers.length ) {
+		jQuery.fx.stop();
+	}
+	fxNow = undefined;
+};
+
+jQuery.fx.timer = function( timer ) {
+	if ( timer() && jQuery.timers.push( timer ) ) {
+		jQuery.fx.start();
+	}
+};
+
+jQuery.fx.interval = 13;
+
+jQuery.fx.start = function() {
+	if ( !timerId ) {
+		timerId = setInterval( jQuery.fx.tick, jQuery.fx.interval );
+	}
+};
+
+jQuery.fx.stop = function() {
+	clearInterval( timerId );
+	timerId = null;
+};
+
+jQuery.fx.speeds = {
+	slow: 600,
+	fast: 200,
+	// Default speed
+	_default: 400
+};
+
+// Back Compat <1.8 extension point
+jQuery.fx.step = {};
+
+if ( jQuery.expr && jQuery.expr.filters ) {
+	jQuery.expr.filters.animated = function( elem ) {
+		return jQuery.grep(jQuery.timers, function( fn ) {
+			return elem === fn.elem;
+		}).length;
+	};
+}
+jQuery.fn.offset = function( options ) {
+	if ( arguments.length ) {
+		return options === undefined ?
+			this :
+			this.each(function( i ) {
+				jQuery.offset.setOffset( this, options, i );
+			});
+	}
+
+	var docElem, win,
+		box = { top: 0, left: 0 },
+		elem = this[ 0 ],
+		doc = elem && elem.ownerDocument;
+
+	if ( !doc ) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	docElem = doc.documentElement;
+
+	// Make sure it's not a disconnected DOM node
+	if ( !jQuery.contains( docElem, elem ) ) {
+		return box;
+	}
+
+	// If we don't have gBCR, just use 0,0 rather than error
+	// BlackBerry 5, iOS 3 (original iPhone)
+	if ( typeof elem.getBoundingClientRect !== core_strundefined ) {
+		box = elem.getBoundingClientRect();
+	}
+	win = getWindow( doc );
+	return {
+		top: box.top  + ( win.pageYOffset || docElem.scrollTop )  - ( docElem.clientTop  || 0 ),
+		left: box.left + ( win.pageXOffset || docElem.scrollLeft ) - ( docElem.clientLeft || 0 )
+	};
+};
+
+jQuery.offset = {
+
+	setOffset: function( elem, options, i ) {
+		var position = jQuery.css( elem, "position" );
+
+		// set position first, in-case top/left are set even on static elem
+		if ( position === "static" ) {
+			elem.style.position = "relative";
+		}
+
+		var curElem = jQuery( elem ),
+			curOffset = curElem.offset(),
+			curCSSTop = jQuery.css( elem, "top" ),
+			curCSSLeft = jQuery.css( elem, "left" ),
+			calculatePosition = ( position === "absolute" || position === "fixed" ) && jQuery.inArray("auto", [curCSSTop, curCSSLeft]) > -1,
+			props = {}, curPosition = {}, curTop, curLeft;
+
+		// need to be able to calculate position if either top or left is auto and position is either absolute or fixed
+		if ( calculatePosition ) {
+			curPosition = curElem.position();
+			curTop = curPosition.top;
+			curLeft = curPosition.left;
+		} else {
+			curTop = parseFloat( curCSSTop ) || 0;
+			curLeft = parseFloat( curCSSLeft ) || 0;
+		}
+
+		if ( jQuery.isFunction( options ) ) {
+			options = options.call( elem, i, curOffset );
+		}
+
+		if ( options.top != null ) {
+			props.top = ( options.top - curOffset.top ) + curTop;
+		}
+		if ( options.left != null ) {
+			props.left = ( options.left - curOffset.left ) + curLeft;
+		}
+
+		if ( "using" in options ) {
+			options.using.call( elem, props );
+		} else {
+			curElem.css( props );
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+
+jQuery.fn.extend({
+
+	position: function() {
+		if ( !this[ 0 ] ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		var offsetParent, offset,
+			parentOffset = { top: 0, left: 0 },
+			elem = this[ 0 ];
+
+		// fixed elements are offset from window (parentOffset = {top:0, left: 0}, because it is it's only offset parent
+		if ( jQuery.css( elem, "position" ) === "fixed" ) {
+			// we assume that getBoundingClientRect is available when computed position is fixed
+			offset = elem.getBoundingClientRect();
+		} else {
+			// Get *real* offsetParent
+			offsetParent = this.offsetParent();
+
+			// Get correct offsets
+			offset = this.offset();
+			if ( !jQuery.nodeName( offsetParent[ 0 ], "html" ) ) {
+				parentOffset = offsetParent.offset();
+			}
+
+			// Add offsetParent borders
+			parentOffset.top  += jQuery.css( offsetParent[ 0 ], "borderTopWidth", true );
+			parentOffset.left += jQuery.css( offsetParent[ 0 ], "borderLeftWidth", true );
+		}
+
+		// Subtract parent offsets and element margins
+		// note: when an element has margin: auto the offsetLeft and marginLeft
+		// are the same in Safari causing offset.left to incorrectly be 0
+		return {
+			top:  offset.top  - parentOffset.top - jQuery.css( elem, "marginTop", true ),
+			left: offset.left - parentOffset.left - jQuery.css( elem, "marginLeft", true)
+		};
+	},
+
+	offsetParent: function() {
+		return this.map(function() {
+			var offsetParent = this.offsetParent || docElem;
+			while ( offsetParent && ( !jQuery.nodeName( offsetParent, "html" ) && jQuery.css( offsetParent, "position") === "static" ) ) {
+				offsetParent = offsetParent.offsetParent;
+			}
+			return offsetParent || docElem;
+		});
+	}
+});
+
+
+// Create scrollLeft and scrollTop methods
+jQuery.each( {scrollLeft: "pageXOffset", scrollTop: "pageYOffset"}, function( method, prop ) {
+	var top = /Y/.test( prop );
+
+	jQuery.fn[ method ] = function( val ) {
+		return jQuery.access( this, function( elem, method, val ) {
+			var win = getWindow( elem );
+
+			if ( val === undefined ) {
+				return win ? (prop in win) ? win[ prop ] :
+					win.document.documentElement[ method ] :
+					elem[ method ];
+			}
+
+			if ( win ) {
+				win.scrollTo(
+					!top ? val : jQuery( win ).scrollLeft(),
+					top ? val : jQuery( win ).scrollTop()
+				);
+
+			} else {
+				elem[ method ] = val;
+			}
+		}, method, val, arguments.length, null );
+	};
+});
+
+function getWindow( elem ) {
+	return jQuery.isWindow( elem ) ?
+		elem :
+		elem.nodeType === 9 ?
+			elem.defaultView || elem.parentWindow :
+			false;
+}
+// Create innerHeight, innerWidth, height, width, outerHeight and outerWidth methods
+jQuery.each( { Height: "height", Width: "width" }, function( name, type ) {
+	jQuery.each( { padding: "inner" + name, content: type, "": "outer" + name }, function( defaultExtra, funcName ) {
+		// margin is only for outerHeight, outerWidth
+		jQuery.fn[ funcName ] = function( margin, value ) {
+			var chainable = arguments.length && ( defaultExtra || typeof margin !== "boolean" ),
+				extra = defaultExtra || ( margin === true || value === true ? "margin" : "border" );
+
+			return jQuery.access( this, function( elem, type, value ) {
+				var doc;
+
+				if ( jQuery.isWindow( elem ) ) {
+					// As of 5/8/2012 this will yield incorrect results for Mobile Safari, but there
+					// isn't a whole lot we can do. See pull request at this URL for discussion:
+					// https://github.com/jquery/jquery/pull/764
+					return elem.document.documentElement[ "client" + name ];
+				}
+
+				// Get document width or height
+				if ( elem.nodeType === 9 ) {
+					doc = elem.documentElement;
+
+					// Either scroll[Width/Height] or offset[Width/Height] or client[Width/Height], whichever is greatest
+					// unfortunately, this causes bug #3838 in IE6/8 only, but there is currently no good, small way to fix it.
+					return Math.max(
+						elem.body[ "scroll" + name ], doc[ "scroll" + name ],
+						elem.body[ "offset" + name ], doc[ "offset" + name ],
+						doc[ "client" + name ]
+					);
+				}
+
+				return value === undefined ?
+					// Get width or height on the element, requesting but not forcing parseFloat
+					jQuery.css( elem, type, extra ) :
+
+					// Set width or height on the element
+					jQuery.style( elem, type, value, extra );
+			}, type, chainable ? margin : undefined, chainable, null );
+		};
+	});
+});
+// Limit scope pollution from any deprecated API
+// (function() {
+
+// The number of elements contained in the matched element set
+jQuery.fn.size = function() {
+	return this.length;
+};
+
+jQuery.fn.andSelf = jQuery.fn.addBack;
+
+// })();
+if ( typeof module === "object" && module && typeof module.exports === "object" ) {
+	// Expose jQuery as module.exports in loaders that implement the Node
+	// module pattern (including browserify). Do not create the global, since
+	// the user will be storing it themselves locally, and globals are frowned
+	// upon in the Node module world.
+	module.exports = jQuery;
+} else {
+	// Otherwise expose jQuery to the global object as usual
+	window.jQuery = window.$ = jQuery;
+
+	// Register as a named AMD module, since jQuery can be concatenated with other
+	// files that may use define, but not via a proper concatenation script that
+	// understands anonymous AMD modules. A named AMD is safest and most robust
+	// way to register. Lowercase jquery is used because AMD module names are
+	// derived from file names, and jQuery is normally delivered in a lowercase
+	// file name. Do this after creating the global so that if an AMD module wants
+	// to call noConflict to hide this version of jQuery, it will work.
+	if ( typeof define === "function" && define.amd ) {
+		define( "jquery", [], function () { return jQuery; } );
+	}
+}
+
+})( window );
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.min.js b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.min.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..51aa758be2e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.min.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/* NUGET: BEGIN LICENSE TEXT
+ *
+ * Microsoft grants you the right to use these script files for the sole
+ * purpose of either: (i) interacting through your browser with the Microsoft
+ * website or online service, subject to the applicable licensing or use
+ * terms; or (ii) using the files as included with a Microsoft product subject
+ * to that product's license terms. Microsoft reserves all other rights to the
+ * files not expressly granted by Microsoft, whether by implication, estoppel
+ * or otherwise. Insofar as a script file is dual licensed under GPL,
+ * Microsoft neither took the code under GPL nor distributes it thereunder but
+ * under the terms set out in this paragraph. All notices and licenses
+ * below are for informational purposes only.
+ *
+ * JQUERY CORE 1.10.2; Copyright 2005, 2013 jQuery Foundation, Inc. and other contributors; http://jquery.org/license
+ * Includes Sizzle.js; Copyright 2013 jQuery Foundation, Inc. and other contributors; http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ *
+ * NUGET: END LICENSE TEXT */
+/*! jQuery v1.10.2 | (c) 2005, 2013 jQuery Foundation, Inc. | jquery.org/license
+//@ sourceMappingURL=jquery-1.10.2.min.map
+*/
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Scripts/jquery.signalR-2.2.0.js b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Scripts/jquery.signalR-2.2.0.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a92aecf7cc85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Scripts/jquery.signalR-2.2.0.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2928 @@
+/* jquery.signalR.core.js */
+/*global window:false */
+/*!
+ * ASP.NET SignalR JavaScript Library v2.2.0
+ * http://signalr.net/
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ */
+
+/// <reference path="Scripts/jquery-1.6.4.js" />
+/// <reference path="jquery.signalR.version.js" />
+(function ($, window, undefined) {
+
+    var resources = {
+        nojQuery: "jQuery was not found. Please ensure jQuery is referenced before the SignalR client JavaScript file.",
+        noTransportOnInit: "No transport could be initialized successfully. Try specifying a different transport or none at all for auto initialization.",
+        errorOnNegotiate: "Error during negotiation request.",
+        stoppedWhileLoading: "The connection was stopped during page load.",
+        stoppedWhileNegotiating: "The connection was stopped during the negotiate request.",
+        errorParsingNegotiateResponse: "Error parsing negotiate response.",
+        errorDuringStartRequest: "Error during start request. Stopping the connection.",
+        stoppedDuringStartRequest: "The connection was stopped during the start request.",
+        errorParsingStartResponse: "Error parsing start response: '{0}'. Stopping the connection.",
+        invalidStartResponse: "Invalid start response: '{0}'. Stopping the connection.",
+        protocolIncompatible: "You are using a version of the client that isn't compatible with the server. Client version {0}, server version {1}.",
+        sendFailed: "Send failed.",
+        parseFailed: "Failed at parsing response: {0}",
+        longPollFailed: "Long polling request failed.",
+        eventSourceFailedToConnect: "EventSource failed to connect.",
+        eventSourceError: "Error raised by EventSource",
+        webSocketClosed: "WebSocket closed.",
+        pingServerFailedInvalidResponse: "Invalid ping response when pinging server: '{0}'.",
+        pingServerFailed: "Failed to ping server.",
+        pingServerFailedStatusCode: "Failed to ping server.  Server responded with status code {0}, stopping the connection.",
+        pingServerFailedParse: "Failed to parse ping server response, stopping the connection.",
+        noConnectionTransport: "Connection is in an invalid state, there is no transport active.",
+        webSocketsInvalidState: "The Web Socket transport is in an invalid state, transitioning into reconnecting.",
+        reconnectTimeout: "Couldn't reconnect within the configured timeout of {0} ms, disconnecting.",
+        reconnectWindowTimeout: "The client has been inactive since {0} and it has exceeded the inactivity timeout of {1} ms. Stopping the connection."
+    };
+
+    if (typeof ($) !== "function") {
+        // no jQuery!
+        throw new Error(resources.nojQuery);
+    }
+
+    var signalR,
+        _connection,
+        _pageLoaded = (window.document.readyState === "complete"),
+        _pageWindow = $(window),
+        _negotiateAbortText = "__Negotiate Aborted__",
+        events = {
+            onStart: "onStart",
+            onStarting: "onStarting",
+            onReceived: "onReceived",
+            onError: "onError",
+            onConnectionSlow: "onConnectionSlow",
+            onReconnecting: "onReconnecting",
+            onReconnect: "onReconnect",
+            onStateChanged: "onStateChanged",
+            onDisconnect: "onDisconnect"
+        },
+        ajaxDefaults = {
+            processData: true,
+            timeout: null,
+            async: true,
+            global: false,
+            cache: false
+        },
+        log = function (msg, logging) {
+            if (logging === false) {
+                return;
+            }
+            var m;
+            if (typeof (window.console) === "undefined") {
+                return;
+            }
+            m = "[" + new Date().toTimeString() + "] SignalR: " + msg;
+            if (window.console.debug) {
+                window.console.debug(m);
+            } else if (window.console.log) {
+                window.console.log(m);
+            }
+        },
+
+        changeState = function (connection, expectedState, newState) {
+            if (expectedState === connection.state) {
+                connection.state = newState;
+
+                $(connection).triggerHandler(events.onStateChanged, [{ oldState: expectedState, newState: newState }]);
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        },
+
+        isDisconnecting = function (connection) {
+            return connection.state === signalR.connectionState.disconnected;
+        },
+
+        supportsKeepAlive = function (connection) {
+            return connection._.keepAliveData.activated &&
+                   connection.transport.supportsKeepAlive(connection);
+        },
+
+        configureStopReconnectingTimeout = function (connection) {
+            var stopReconnectingTimeout,
+                onReconnectTimeout;
+
+            // Check if this connection has already been configured to stop reconnecting after a specified timeout.
+            // Without this check if a connection is stopped then started events will be bound multiple times.
+            if (!connection._.configuredStopReconnectingTimeout) {
+                onReconnectTimeout = function (connection) {
+                    var message = signalR._.format(signalR.resources.reconnectTimeout, connection.disconnectTimeout);
+                    connection.log(message);
+                    $(connection).triggerHandler(events.onError, [signalR._.error(message, /* source */ "TimeoutException")]);
+                    connection.stop(/* async */ false, /* notifyServer */ false);
+                };
+
+                connection.reconnecting(function () {
+                    var connection = this;
+
+                    // Guard against state changing in a previous user defined even handler
+                    if (connection.state === signalR.connectionState.reconnecting) {
+                        stopReconnectingTimeout = window.setTimeout(function () { onReconnectTimeout(connection); }, connection.disconnectTimeout);
+                    }
+                });
+
+                connection.stateChanged(function (data) {
+                    if (data.oldState === signalR.connectionState.reconnecting) {
+                        // Clear the pending reconnect timeout check
+                        window.clearTimeout(stopReconnectingTimeout);
+                    }
+                });
+
+                connection._.configuredStopReconnectingTimeout = true;
+            }
+        };
+
+    signalR = function (url, qs, logging) {
+        /// <summary>Creates a new SignalR connection for the given url</summary>
+        /// <param name="url" type="String">The URL of the long polling endpoint</param>
+        /// <param name="qs" type="Object">
+        ///     [Optional] Custom querystring parameters to add to the connection URL.
+        ///     If an object, every non-function member will be added to the querystring.
+        ///     If a string, it's added to the QS as specified.
+        /// </param>
+        /// <param name="logging" type="Boolean">
+        ///     [Optional] A flag indicating whether connection logging is enabled to the browser
+        ///     console/log. Defaults to false.
+        /// </param>
+
+        return new signalR.fn.init(url, qs, logging);
+    };
+
+    signalR._ = {
+        defaultContentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8",
+
+        ieVersion: (function () {
+            var version,
+                matches;
+
+            if (window.navigator.appName === 'Microsoft Internet Explorer') {
+                // Check if the user agent has the pattern "MSIE (one or more numbers).(one or more numbers)";
+                matches = /MSIE ([0-9]+\.[0-9]+)/.exec(window.navigator.userAgent);
+
+                if (matches) {
+                    version = window.parseFloat(matches[1]);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // undefined value means not IE
+            return version;
+        })(),
+
+        error: function (message, source, context) {
+            var e = new Error(message);
+            e.source = source;
+
+            if (typeof context !== "undefined") {
+                e.context = context;
+            }
+
+            return e;
+        },
+
+        transportError: function (message, transport, source, context) {
+            var e = this.error(message, source, context);
+            e.transport = transport ? transport.name : undefined;
+            return e;
+        },
+
+        format: function () {
+            /// <summary>Usage: format("Hi {0}, you are {1}!", "Foo", 100) </summary>
+            var s = arguments[0];
+            for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length - 1; i++) {
+                s = s.replace("{" + i + "}", arguments[i + 1]);
+            }
+            return s;
+        },
+
+        firefoxMajorVersion: function (userAgent) {
+            // Firefox user agents: http://useragentstring.com/pages/Firefox/
+            var matches = userAgent.match(/Firefox\/(\d+)/);
+            if (!matches || !matches.length || matches.length < 2) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            return parseInt(matches[1], 10 /* radix */);
+        },
+
+        configurePingInterval: function (connection) {
+            var config = connection._.config,
+                onFail = function (error) {
+                    $(connection).triggerHandler(events.onError, [error]);
+                };
+
+            if (config && !connection._.pingIntervalId && config.pingInterval) {
+                connection._.pingIntervalId = window.setInterval(function () {
+                    signalR.transports._logic.pingServer(connection).fail(onFail);
+                }, config.pingInterval);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    signalR.events = events;
+
+    signalR.resources = resources;
+
+    signalR.ajaxDefaults = ajaxDefaults;
+
+    signalR.changeState = changeState;
+
+    signalR.isDisconnecting = isDisconnecting;
+
+    signalR.connectionState = {
+        connecting: 0,
+        connected: 1,
+        reconnecting: 2,
+        disconnected: 4
+    };
+
+    signalR.hub = {
+        start: function () {
+            // This will get replaced with the real hub connection start method when hubs is referenced correctly
+            throw new Error("SignalR: Error loading hubs. Ensure your hubs reference is correct, e.g. <script src='/signalr/js'></script>.");
+        }
+    };
+
+    _pageWindow.load(function () { _pageLoaded = true; });
+
+    function validateTransport(requestedTransport, connection) {
+        /// <summary>Validates the requested transport by cross checking it with the pre-defined signalR.transports</summary>
+        /// <param name="requestedTransport" type="Object">The designated transports that the user has specified.</param>
+        /// <param name="connection" type="signalR">The connection that will be using the requested transports.  Used for logging purposes.</param>
+        /// <returns type="Object" />
+
+        if ($.isArray(requestedTransport)) {
+            // Go through transport array and remove an "invalid" tranports
+            for (var i = requestedTransport.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                var transport = requestedTransport[i];
+                if ($.type(transport) !== "string" || !signalR.transports[transport]) {
+                    connection.log("Invalid transport: " + transport + ", removing it from the transports list.");
+                    requestedTransport.splice(i, 1);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Verify we still have transports left, if we dont then we have invalid transports
+            if (requestedTransport.length === 0) {
+                connection.log("No transports remain within the specified transport array.");
+                requestedTransport = null;
+            }
+        } else if (!signalR.transports[requestedTransport] && requestedTransport !== "auto") {
+            connection.log("Invalid transport: " + requestedTransport.toString() + ".");
+            requestedTransport = null;
+        } else if (requestedTransport === "auto" && signalR._.ieVersion <= 8) {
+            // If we're doing an auto transport and we're IE8 then force longPolling, #1764
+            return ["longPolling"];
+
+        }
+
+        return requestedTransport;
+    }
+
+    function getDefaultPort(protocol) {
+        if (protocol === "http:") {
+            return 80;
+        } else if (protocol === "https:") {
+            return 443;
+        }
+    }
+
+    function addDefaultPort(protocol, url) {
+        // Remove ports  from url.  We have to check if there's a / or end of line
+        // following the port in order to avoid removing ports such as 8080.
+        if (url.match(/:\d+$/)) {
+            return url;
+        } else {
+            return url + ":" + getDefaultPort(protocol);
+        }
+    }
+
+    function ConnectingMessageBuffer(connection, drainCallback) {
+        var that = this,
+            buffer = [];
+
+        that.tryBuffer = function (message) {
+            if (connection.state === $.signalR.connectionState.connecting) {
+                buffer.push(message);
+
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        };
+
+        that.drain = function () {
+            // Ensure that the connection is connected when we drain (do not want to drain while a connection is not active)
+            if (connection.state === $.signalR.connectionState.connected) {
+                while (buffer.length > 0) {
+                    drainCallback(buffer.shift());
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        that.clear = function () {
+            buffer = [];
+        };
+    }
+
+    signalR.fn = signalR.prototype = {
+        init: function (url, qs, logging) {
+            var $connection = $(this);
+
+            this.url = url;
+            this.qs = qs;
+            this.lastError = null;
+            this._ = {
+                keepAliveData: {},
+                connectingMessageBuffer: new ConnectingMessageBuffer(this, function (message) {
+                    $connection.triggerHandler(events.onReceived, [message]);
+                }),
+                lastMessageAt: new Date().getTime(),
+                lastActiveAt: new Date().getTime(),
+                beatInterval: 5000, // Default value, will only be overridden if keep alive is enabled,
+                beatHandle: null,
+                totalTransportConnectTimeout: 0 // This will be the sum of the TransportConnectTimeout sent in response to negotiate and connection.transportConnectTimeout
+            };
+            if (typeof (logging) === "boolean") {
+                this.logging = logging;
+            }
+        },
+
+        _parseResponse: function (response) {
+            var that = this;
+
+            if (!response) {
+                return response;
+            } else if (typeof response === "string") {
+                return that.json.parse(response);
+            } else {
+                return response;
+            }
+        },
+
+        _originalJson: window.JSON,
+
+        json: window.JSON,
+
+        isCrossDomain: function (url, against) {
+            /// <summary>Checks if url is cross domain</summary>
+            /// <param name="url" type="String">The base URL</param>
+            /// <param name="against" type="Object">
+            ///     An optional argument to compare the URL against, if not specified it will be set to window.location.
+            ///     If specified it must contain a protocol and a host property.
+            /// </param>
+            var link;
+
+            url = $.trim(url);
+
+            against = against || window.location;
+
+            if (url.indexOf("http") !== 0) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // Create an anchor tag.
+            link = window.document.createElement("a");
+            link.href = url;
+
+            // When checking for cross domain we have to special case port 80 because the window.location will remove the 
+            return link.protocol + addDefaultPort(link.protocol, link.host) !== against.protocol + addDefaultPort(against.protocol, against.host);
+        },
+
+        ajaxDataType: "text",
+
+        contentType: "application/json; charset=UTF-8",
+
+        logging: false,
+
+        state: signalR.connectionState.disconnected,
+
+        clientProtocol: "1.5",
+
+        reconnectDelay: 2000,
+
+        transportConnectTimeout: 0,
+
+        disconnectTimeout: 30000, // This should be set by the server in response to the negotiate request (30s default)
+
+        reconnectWindow: 30000, // This should be set by the server in response to the negotiate request 
+
+        keepAliveWarnAt: 2 / 3, // Warn user of slow connection if we breach the X% mark of the keep alive timeout
+
+        start: function (options, callback) {
+            /// <summary>Starts the connection</summary>
+            /// <param name="options" type="Object">Options map</param>
+            /// <param name="callback" type="Function">A callback function to execute when the connection has started</param>
+            var connection = this,
+                config = {
+                    pingInterval: 300000,
+                    waitForPageLoad: true,
+                    transport: "auto",
+                    jsonp: false
+                },
+                initialize,
+                deferred = connection._deferral || $.Deferred(), // Check to see if there is a pre-existing deferral that's being built on, if so we want to keep using it
+                parser = window.document.createElement("a");
+
+            connection.lastError = null;
+
+            // Persist the deferral so that if start is called multiple times the same deferral is used.
+            connection._deferral = deferred;
+
+            if (!connection.json) {
+                // no JSON!
+                throw new Error("SignalR: No JSON parser found. Please ensure json2.js is referenced before the SignalR.js file if you need to support clients without native JSON parsing support, e.g. IE<8.");
+            }
+
+            if ($.type(options) === "function") {
+                // Support calling with single callback parameter
+                callback = options;
+            } else if ($.type(options) === "object") {
+                $.extend(config, options);
+                if ($.type(config.callback) === "function") {
+                    callback = config.callback;
+                }
+            }
+
+            config.transport = validateTransport(config.transport, connection);
+
+            // If the transport is invalid throw an error and abort start
+            if (!config.transport) {
+                throw new Error("SignalR: Invalid transport(s) specified, aborting start.");
+            }
+
+            connection._.config = config;
+
+            // Check to see if start is being called prior to page load
+            // If waitForPageLoad is true we then want to re-direct function call to the window load event
+            if (!_pageLoaded && config.waitForPageLoad === true) {
+                connection._.deferredStartHandler = function () {
+                    connection.start(options, callback);
+                };
+                _pageWindow.bind("load", connection._.deferredStartHandler);
+
+                return deferred.promise();
+            }
+
+            // If we're already connecting just return the same deferral as the original connection start
+            if (connection.state === signalR.connectionState.connecting) {
+                return deferred.promise();
+            } else if (changeState(connection,
+                            signalR.connectionState.disconnected,
+                            signalR.connectionState.connecting) === false) {
+                // We're not connecting so try and transition into connecting.
+                // If we fail to transition then we're either in connected or reconnecting.
+
+                deferred.resolve(connection);
+                return deferred.promise();
+            }
+
+            configureStopReconnectingTimeout(connection);
+
+            // Resolve the full url
+            parser.href = connection.url;
+            if (!parser.protocol || parser.protocol === ":") {
+                connection.protocol = window.document.location.protocol;
+                connection.host = parser.host || window.document.location.host;
+            } else {
+                connection.protocol = parser.protocol;
+                connection.host = parser.host;
+            }
+
+            connection.baseUrl = connection.protocol + "//" + connection.host;
+
+            // Set the websocket protocol
+            connection.wsProtocol = connection.protocol === "https:" ? "wss://" : "ws://";
+
+            // If jsonp with no/auto transport is specified, then set the transport to long polling
+            // since that is the only transport for which jsonp really makes sense.
+            // Some developers might actually choose to specify jsonp for same origin requests
+            // as demonstrated by Issue #623.
+            if (config.transport === "auto" && config.jsonp === true) {
+                config.transport = "longPolling";
+            }
+
+            // If the url is protocol relative, prepend the current windows protocol to the url. 
+            if (connection.url.indexOf("//") === 0) {
+                connection.url = window.location.protocol + connection.url;
+                connection.log("Protocol relative URL detected, normalizing it to '" + connection.url + "'.");
+            }
+
+            if (this.isCrossDomain(connection.url)) {
+                connection.log("Auto detected cross domain url.");
+
+                if (config.transport === "auto") {
+                    // TODO: Support XDM with foreverFrame
+                    config.transport = ["webSockets", "serverSentEvents", "longPolling"];
+                }
+
+                if (typeof (config.withCredentials) === "undefined") {
+                    config.withCredentials = true;
+                }
+
+                // Determine if jsonp is the only choice for negotiation, ajaxSend and ajaxAbort.
+                // i.e. if the browser doesn't supports CORS
+                // If it is, ignore any preference to the contrary, and switch to jsonp.
+                if (!config.jsonp) {
+                    config.jsonp = !$.support.cors;
+
+                    if (config.jsonp) {
+                        connection.log("Using jsonp because this browser doesn't support CORS.");
+                    }
+                }
+
+                connection.contentType = signalR._.defaultContentType;
+            }
+
+            connection.withCredentials = config.withCredentials;
+
+            connection.ajaxDataType = config.jsonp ? "jsonp" : "text";
+
+            $(connection).bind(events.onStart, function (e, data) {
+                if ($.type(callback) === "function") {
+                    callback.call(connection);
+                }
+                deferred.resolve(connection);
+            });
+
+            connection._.initHandler = signalR.transports._logic.initHandler(connection);
+
+            initialize = function (transports, index) {
+                var noTransportError = signalR._.error(resources.noTransportOnInit);
+
+                index = index || 0;
+                if (index >= transports.length) {
+                    if (index === 0) {
+                        connection.log("No transports supported by the server were selected.");
+                    } else if (index === 1) {
+                        connection.log("No fallback transports were selected.");
+                    } else {
+                        connection.log("Fallback transports exhausted.");
+                    }
+
+                    // No transport initialized successfully
+                    $(connection).triggerHandler(events.onError, [noTransportError]);
+                    deferred.reject(noTransportError);
+                    // Stop the connection if it has connected and move it into the disconnected state
+                    connection.stop();
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                // The connection was aborted
+                if (connection.state === signalR.connectionState.disconnected) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                var transportName = transports[index],
+                    transport = signalR.transports[transportName],
+                    onFallback = function () {
+                        initialize(transports, index + 1);
+                    };
+
+                connection.transport = transport;
+
+                try {
+                    connection._.initHandler.start(transport, function () { // success
+                        // Firefox 11+ doesn't allow sync XHR withCredentials: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest#withCredentials
+                        var isFirefox11OrGreater = signalR._.firefoxMajorVersion(window.navigator.userAgent) >= 11,
+                            asyncAbort = !!connection.withCredentials && isFirefox11OrGreater;
+
+                        connection.log("The start request succeeded. Transitioning to the connected state.");
+
+                        if (supportsKeepAlive(connection)) {
+                            signalR.transports._logic.monitorKeepAlive(connection);
+                        }
+
+                        signalR.transports._logic.startHeartbeat(connection);
+
+                        // Used to ensure low activity clients maintain their authentication.
+                        // Must be configured once a transport has been decided to perform valid ping requests.
+                        signalR._.configurePingInterval(connection);
+
+                        if (!changeState(connection,
+                                            signalR.connectionState.connecting,
+                                            signalR.connectionState.connected)) {
+                            connection.log("WARNING! The connection was not in the connecting state.");
+                        }
+
+                        // Drain any incoming buffered messages (messages that came in prior to connect)
+                        connection._.connectingMessageBuffer.drain();
+
+                        $(connection).triggerHandler(events.onStart);
+
+                        // wire the stop handler for when the user leaves the page
+                        _pageWindow.bind("unload", function () {
+                            connection.log("Window unloading, stopping the connection.");
+
+                            connection.stop(asyncAbort);
+                        });
+
+                        if (isFirefox11OrGreater) {
+                            // Firefox does not fire cross-domain XHRs in the normal unload handler on tab close.
+                            // #2400
+                            _pageWindow.bind("beforeunload", function () {
+                                // If connection.stop() runs runs in beforeunload and fails, it will also fail
+                                // in unload unless connection.stop() runs after a timeout.
+                                window.setTimeout(function () {
+                                    connection.stop(asyncAbort);
+                                }, 0);
+                            });
+                        }
+                    }, onFallback);
+                }
+                catch (error) {
+                    connection.log(transport.name + " transport threw '" + error.message + "' when attempting to start.");
+                    onFallback();
+                }
+            };
+
+            var url = connection.url + "/negotiate",
+                onFailed = function (error, connection) {
+                    var err = signalR._.error(resources.errorOnNegotiate, error, connection._.negotiateRequest);
+
+                    $(connection).triggerHandler(events.onError, err);
+                    deferred.reject(err);
+                    // Stop the connection if negotiate failed
+                    connection.stop();
+                };
+
+            $(connection).triggerHandler(events.onStarting);
+
+            url = signalR.transports._logic.prepareQueryString(connection, url);
+
+            connection.log("Negotiating with '" + url + "'.");
+
+            // Save the ajax negotiate request object so we can abort it if stop is called while the request is in flight.
+            connection._.negotiateRequest = signalR.transports._logic.ajax(connection, {
+                url: url,
+                error: function (error, statusText) {
+                    // We don't want to cause any errors if we're aborting our own negotiate request.
+                    if (statusText !== _negotiateAbortText) {
+                        onFailed(error, connection);
+                    } else {
+                        // This rejection will noop if the deferred has already been resolved or rejected.
+                        deferred.reject(signalR._.error(resources.stoppedWhileNegotiating, null /* error */, connection._.negotiateRequest));
+                    }
+                },
+                success: function (result) {
+                    var res,
+                        keepAliveData,
+                        protocolError,
+                        transports = [],
+                        supportedTransports = [];
+
+                    try {
+                        res = connection._parseResponse(result);
+                    } catch (error) {
+                        onFailed(signalR._.error(resources.errorParsingNegotiateResponse, error), connection);
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    keepAliveData = connection._.keepAliveData;
+                    connection.appRelativeUrl = res.Url;
+                    connection.id = res.ConnectionId;
+                    connection.token = res.ConnectionToken;
+                    connection.webSocketServerUrl = res.WebSocketServerUrl;
+
+                    // The long poll timeout is the ConnectionTimeout plus 10 seconds
+                    connection._.pollTimeout = res.ConnectionTimeout * 1000 + 10000; // in ms
+
+                    // Once the server has labeled the PersistentConnection as Disconnected, we should stop attempting to reconnect
+                    // after res.DisconnectTimeout seconds.
+                    connection.disconnectTimeout = res.DisconnectTimeout * 1000; // in ms
+
+                    // Add the TransportConnectTimeout from the response to the transportConnectTimeout from the client to calculate the total timeout
+                    connection._.totalTransportConnectTimeout = connection.transportConnectTimeout + res.TransportConnectTimeout * 1000;
+
+                    // If we have a keep alive
+                    if (res.KeepAliveTimeout) {
+                        // Register the keep alive data as activated
+                        keepAliveData.activated = true;
+
+                        // Timeout to designate when to force the connection into reconnecting converted to milliseconds
+                        keepAliveData.timeout = res.KeepAliveTimeout * 1000;
+
+                        // Timeout to designate when to warn the developer that the connection may be dead or is not responding.
+                        keepAliveData.timeoutWarning = keepAliveData.timeout * connection.keepAliveWarnAt;
+
+                        // Instantiate the frequency in which we check the keep alive.  It must be short in order to not miss/pick up any changes
+                        connection._.beatInterval = (keepAliveData.timeout - keepAliveData.timeoutWarning) / 3;
+                    } else {
+                        keepAliveData.activated = false;
+                    }
+
+                    connection.reconnectWindow = connection.disconnectTimeout + (keepAliveData.timeout || 0);
+
+                    if (!res.ProtocolVersion || res.ProtocolVersion !== connection.clientProtocol) {
+                        protocolError = signalR._.error(signalR._.format(resources.protocolIncompatible, connection.clientProtocol, res.ProtocolVersion));
+                        $(connection).triggerHandler(events.onError, [protocolError]);
+                        deferred.reject(protocolError);
+
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    $.each(signalR.transports, function (key) {
+                        if ((key.indexOf("_") === 0) || (key === "webSockets" && !res.TryWebSockets)) {
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                        supportedTransports.push(key);
+                    });
+
+                    if ($.isArray(config.transport)) {
+                        $.each(config.transport, function (_, transport) {
+                            if ($.inArray(transport, supportedTransports) >= 0) {
+                                transports.push(transport);
+                            }
+                        });
+                    } else if (config.transport === "auto") {
+                        transports = supportedTransports;
+                    } else if ($.inArray(config.transport, supportedTransports) >= 0) {
+                        transports.push(config.transport);
+                    }
+
+                    initialize(transports);
+                }
+            });
+
+            return deferred.promise();
+        },
+
+        starting: function (callback) {
+            /// <summary>Adds a callback that will be invoked before anything is sent over the connection</summary>
+            /// <param name="callback" type="Function">A callback function to execute before the connection is fully instantiated.</param>
+            /// <returns type="signalR" />
+            var connection = this;
+            $(connection).bind(events.onStarting, function (e, data) {
+                callback.call(connection);
+            });
+            return connection;
+        },
+
+        send: function (data) {
+            /// <summary>Sends data over the connection</summary>
+            /// <param name="data" type="String">The data to send over the connection</param>
+            /// <returns type="signalR" />
+            var connection = this;
+
+            if (connection.state === signalR.connectionState.disconnected) {
+                // Connection hasn't been started yet
+                throw new Error("SignalR: Connection must be started before data can be sent. Call .start() before .send()");
+            }
+
+            if (connection.state === signalR.connectionState.connecting) {
+                // Connection hasn't been started yet
+                throw new Error("SignalR: Connection has not been fully initialized. Use .start().done() or .start().fail() to run logic after the connection has started.");
+            }
+
+            connection.transport.send(connection, data);
+            // REVIEW: Should we return deferred here?
+            return connection;
+        },
+
+        received: function (callback) {
+            /// <summary>Adds a callback that will be invoked after anything is received over the connection</summary>
+            /// <param name="callback" type="Function">A callback function to execute when any data is received on the connection</param>
+            /// <returns type="signalR" />
+            var connection = this;
+            $(connection).bind(events.onReceived, function (e, data) {
+                callback.call(connection, data);
+            });
+            return connection;
+        },
+
+        stateChanged: function (callback) {
+            /// <summary>Adds a callback that will be invoked when the connection state changes</summary>
+            /// <param name="callback" type="Function">A callback function to execute when the connection state changes</param>
+            /// <returns type="signalR" />
+            var connection = this;
+            $(connection).bind(events.onStateChanged, function (e, data) {
+                callback.call(connection, data);
+            });
+            return connection;
+        },
+
+        error: function (callback) {
+            /// <summary>Adds a callback that will be invoked after an error occurs with the connection</summary>
+            /// <param name="callback" type="Function">A callback function to execute when an error occurs on the connection</param>
+            /// <returns type="signalR" />
+            var connection = this;
+            $(connection).bind(events.onError, function (e, errorData, sendData) {
+                connection.lastError = errorData;
+                // In practice 'errorData' is the SignalR built error object.
+                // In practice 'sendData' is undefined for all error events except those triggered by
+                // 'ajaxSend' and 'webSockets.send'.'sendData' is the original send payload.
+                callback.call(connection, errorData, sendData);
+            });
+            return connection;
+        },
+
+        disconnected: function (callback) {
+            /// <summary>Adds a callback that will be invoked when the client disconnects</summary>
+            /// <param name="callback" type="Function">A callback function to execute when the connection is broken</param>
+            /// <returns type="signalR" />
+            var connection = this;
+            $(connection).bind(events.onDisconnect, function (e, data) {
+                callback.call(connection);
+            });
+            return connection;
+        },
+
+        connectionSlow: function (callback) {
+            /// <summary>Adds a callback that will be invoked when the client detects a slow connection</summary>
+            /// <param name="callback" type="Function">A callback function to execute when the connection is slow</param>
+            /// <returns type="signalR" />
+            var connection = this;
+            $(connection).bind(events.onConnectionSlow, function (e, data) {
+                callback.call(connection);
+            });
+
+            return connection;
+        },
+
+        reconnecting: function (callback) {
+            /// <summary>Adds a callback that will be invoked when the underlying transport begins reconnecting</summary>
+            /// <param name="callback" type="Function">A callback function to execute when the connection enters a reconnecting state</param>
+            /// <returns type="signalR" />
+            var connection = this;
+            $(connection).bind(events.onReconnecting, function (e, data) {
+                callback.call(connection);
+            });
+            return connection;
+        },
+
+        reconnected: function (callback) {
+            /// <summary>Adds a callback that will be invoked when the underlying transport reconnects</summary>
+            /// <param name="callback" type="Function">A callback function to execute when the connection is restored</param>
+            /// <returns type="signalR" />
+            var connection = this;
+            $(connection).bind(events.onReconnect, function (e, data) {
+                callback.call(connection);
+            });
+            return connection;
+        },
+
+        stop: function (async, notifyServer) {
+            /// <summary>Stops listening</summary>
+            /// <param name="async" type="Boolean">Whether or not to asynchronously abort the connection</param>
+            /// <param name="notifyServer" type="Boolean">Whether we want to notify the server that we are aborting the connection</param>
+            /// <returns type="signalR" />
+            var connection = this,
+                // Save deferral because this is always cleaned up
+                deferral = connection._deferral;
+
+            // Verify that we've bound a load event.
+            if (connection._.deferredStartHandler) {
+                // Unbind the event.
+                _pageWindow.unbind("load", connection._.deferredStartHandler);
+            }
+
+            // Always clean up private non-timeout based state.
+            delete connection._.config;
+            delete connection._.deferredStartHandler;
+
+            // This needs to be checked despite the connection state because a connection start can be deferred until page load.
+            // If we've deferred the start due to a page load we need to unbind the "onLoad" -> start event.
+            if (!_pageLoaded && (!connection._.config || connection._.config.waitForPageLoad === true)) {
+                connection.log("Stopping connection prior to negotiate.");
+
+                // If we have a deferral we should reject it
+                if (deferral) {
+                    deferral.reject(signalR._.error(resources.stoppedWhileLoading));
+                }
+
+                // Short-circuit because the start has not been fully started.
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (connection.state === signalR.connectionState.disconnected) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            connection.log("Stopping connection.");
+
+            changeState(connection, connection.state, signalR.connectionState.disconnected);
+
+            // Clear this no matter what
+            window.clearTimeout(connection._.beatHandle);
+            window.clearInterval(connection._.pingIntervalId);
+
+            if (connection.transport) {
+                connection.transport.stop(connection);
+
+                if (notifyServer !== false) {
+                    connection.transport.abort(connection, async);
+                }
+
+                if (supportsKeepAlive(connection)) {
+                    signalR.transports._logic.stopMonitoringKeepAlive(connection);
+                }
+
+                connection.transport = null;
+            }
+
+            if (connection._.negotiateRequest) {
+                // If the negotiation request has already completed this will noop.
+                connection._.negotiateRequest.abort(_negotiateAbortText);
+                delete connection._.negotiateRequest;
+            }
+
+            // Ensure that initHandler.stop() is called before connection._deferral is deleted
+            if (connection._.initHandler) {
+                connection._.initHandler.stop();
+            }
+
+            // Trigger the disconnect event
+            $(connection).triggerHandler(events.onDisconnect);
+
+            delete connection._deferral;
+            delete connection.messageId;
+            delete connection.groupsToken;
+            delete connection.id;
+            delete connection._.pingIntervalId;
+            delete connection._.lastMessageAt;
+            delete connection._.lastActiveAt;
+
+            // Clear out our message buffer
+            connection._.connectingMessageBuffer.clear();
+
+            return connection;
+        },
+
+        log: function (msg) {
+            log(msg, this.logging);
+        }
+    };
+
+    signalR.fn.init.prototype = signalR.fn;
+
+    signalR.noConflict = function () {
+        /// <summary>Reinstates the original value of $.connection and returns the signalR object for manual assignment</summary>
+        /// <returns type="signalR" />
+        if ($.connection === signalR) {
+            $.connection = _connection;
+        }
+        return signalR;
+    };
+
+    if ($.connection) {
+        _connection = $.connection;
+    }
+
+    $.connection = $.signalR = signalR;
+
+}(window.jQuery, window));
+/* jquery.signalR.transports.common.js */
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. See License.md in the project root for license information.
+
+/*global window:false */
+/// <reference path="jquery.signalR.core.js" />
+
+(function ($, window, undefined) {
+
+    var signalR = $.signalR,
+        events = $.signalR.events,
+        changeState = $.signalR.changeState,
+        startAbortText = "__Start Aborted__",
+        transportLogic;
+
+    signalR.transports = {};
+
+    function beat(connection) {
+        if (connection._.keepAliveData.monitoring) {
+            checkIfAlive(connection);
+        }
+
+        // Ensure that we successfully marked active before continuing the heartbeat.
+        if (transportLogic.markActive(connection)) {
+            connection._.beatHandle = window.setTimeout(function () {
+                beat(connection);
+            }, connection._.beatInterval);
+        }
+    }
+
+    function checkIfAlive(connection) {
+        var keepAliveData = connection._.keepAliveData,
+            timeElapsed;
+
+        // Only check if we're connected
+        if (connection.state === signalR.connectionState.connected) {
+            timeElapsed = new Date().getTime() - connection._.lastMessageAt;
+
+            // Check if the keep alive has completely timed out
+            if (timeElapsed >= keepAliveData.timeout) {
+                connection.log("Keep alive timed out.  Notifying transport that connection has been lost.");
+
+                // Notify transport that the connection has been lost
+                connection.transport.lostConnection(connection);
+            } else if (timeElapsed >= keepAliveData.timeoutWarning) {
+                // This is to assure that the user only gets a single warning
+                if (!keepAliveData.userNotified) {
+                    connection.log("Keep alive has been missed, connection may be dead/slow.");
+                    $(connection).triggerHandler(events.onConnectionSlow);
+                    keepAliveData.userNotified = true;
+                }
+            } else {
+                keepAliveData.userNotified = false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    function getAjaxUrl(connection, path) {
+        var url = connection.url + path;
+
+        if (connection.transport) {
+            url += "?transport=" + connection.transport.name;
+        }
+
+        return transportLogic.prepareQueryString(connection, url);
+    }
+
+    function InitHandler(connection) {
+        this.connection = connection;
+
+        this.startRequested = false;
+        this.startCompleted = false;
+        this.connectionStopped = false;
+    }
+
+    InitHandler.prototype = {
+        start: function (transport, onSuccess, onFallback) {
+            var that = this,
+                connection = that.connection,
+                failCalled = false;
+
+            if (that.startRequested || that.connectionStopped) {
+                connection.log("WARNING! " + transport.name + " transport cannot be started. Initialization ongoing or completed.");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            connection.log(transport.name + " transport starting.");
+
+            that.transportTimeoutHandle = window.setTimeout(function () {
+                if (!failCalled) {
+                    failCalled = true;
+                    connection.log(transport.name + " transport timed out when trying to connect.");
+                    that.transportFailed(transport, undefined, onFallback);
+                }
+            }, connection._.totalTransportConnectTimeout);
+
+            transport.start(connection, function () {
+                if (!failCalled) {
+                    that.initReceived(transport, onSuccess);
+                }
+            }, function (error) {
+                // Don't allow the same transport to cause onFallback to be called twice
+                if (!failCalled) {
+                    failCalled = true;
+                    that.transportFailed(transport, error, onFallback);
+                }
+
+                // Returns true if the transport should stop;
+                // false if it should attempt to reconnect
+                return !that.startCompleted || that.connectionStopped;
+            });
+        },
+
+        stop: function () {
+            this.connectionStopped = true;
+            window.clearTimeout(this.transportTimeoutHandle);
+            signalR.transports._logic.tryAbortStartRequest(this.connection);
+        },
+
+        initReceived: function (transport, onSuccess) {
+            var that = this,
+                connection = that.connection;
+
+            if (that.startRequested) {
+                connection.log("WARNING! The client received multiple init messages.");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (that.connectionStopped) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            that.startRequested = true;
+            window.clearTimeout(that.transportTimeoutHandle);
+
+            connection.log(transport.name + " transport connected. Initiating start request.");
+            signalR.transports._logic.ajaxStart(connection, function () {
+                that.startCompleted = true;
+                onSuccess();
+            });
+        },
+
+        transportFailed: function (transport, error, onFallback) {
+            var connection = this.connection,
+                deferred = connection._deferral,
+                wrappedError;
+
+            if (this.connectionStopped) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            window.clearTimeout(this.transportTimeoutHandle);
+
+            if (!this.startRequested) {
+                transport.stop(connection);
+
+                connection.log(transport.name + " transport failed to connect. Attempting to fall back.");
+                onFallback();
+            } else if (!this.startCompleted) {
+                // Do not attempt to fall back if a start request is ongoing during a transport failure.
+                // Instead, trigger an error and stop the connection.
+                wrappedError = signalR._.error(signalR.resources.errorDuringStartRequest, error);
+
+                connection.log(transport.name + " transport failed during the start request. Stopping the connection.");
+                $(connection).triggerHandler(events.onError, [wrappedError]);
+                if (deferred) {
+                    deferred.reject(wrappedError);
+                }
+
+                connection.stop();
+            } else {
+                // The start request has completed, but the connection has not stopped.
+                // No need to do anything here. The transport should attempt its normal reconnect logic.
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    transportLogic = signalR.transports._logic = {
+        ajax: function (connection, options) {
+            return $.ajax(
+                $.extend(/*deep copy*/ true, {}, $.signalR.ajaxDefaults, {
+                    type: "GET",
+                    data: {},
+                    xhrFields: { withCredentials: connection.withCredentials },
+                    contentType: connection.contentType,
+                    dataType: connection.ajaxDataType
+                }, options));
+        },
+
+        pingServer: function (connection) {
+            /// <summary>Pings the server</summary>
+            /// <param name="connection" type="signalr">Connection associated with the server ping</param>
+            /// <returns type="signalR" />
+            var url,
+                xhr,
+                deferral = $.Deferred();
+
+            if (connection.transport) {
+                url = connection.url + "/ping";
+
+                url = transportLogic.addQs(url, connection.qs);
+
+                xhr = transportLogic.ajax(connection, {
+                    url: url,
+                    success: function (result) {
+                        var data;
+
+                        try {
+                            data = connection._parseResponse(result);
+                        }
+                        catch (error) {
+                            deferral.reject(
+                                signalR._.transportError(
+                                    signalR.resources.pingServerFailedParse,
+                                    connection.transport,
+                                    error,
+                                    xhr
+                                )
+                            );
+                            connection.stop();
+                            return;
+                        }
+
+                        if (data.Response === "pong") {
+                            deferral.resolve();
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            deferral.reject(
+                                signalR._.transportError(
+                                    signalR._.format(signalR.resources.pingServerFailedInvalidResponse, result),
+                                    connection.transport,
+                                    null /* error */,
+                                    xhr
+                                )
+                            );
+                        }
+                    },
+                    error: function (error) {
+                        if (error.status === 401 || error.status === 403) {
+                            deferral.reject(
+                                signalR._.transportError(
+                                    signalR._.format(signalR.resources.pingServerFailedStatusCode, error.status),
+                                    connection.transport,
+                                    error,
+                                    xhr
+                                )
+                            );
+                            connection.stop();
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            deferral.reject(
+                                signalR._.transportError(
+                                    signalR.resources.pingServerFailed,
+                                    connection.transport,
+                                    error,
+                                    xhr
+                                )
+                            );
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+            else {
+                deferral.reject(
+                    signalR._.transportError(
+                        signalR.resources.noConnectionTransport,
+                        connection.transport
+                    )
+                );
+            }
+
+            return deferral.promise();
+        },
+
+        prepareQueryString: function (connection, url) {
+            var preparedUrl;
+
+            // Use addQs to start since it handles the ?/& prefix for us
+            preparedUrl = transportLogic.addQs(url, "clientProtocol=" + connection.clientProtocol);
+
+            // Add the user-specified query string params if any
+            preparedUrl = transportLogic.addQs(preparedUrl, connection.qs);
+
+            if (connection.token) {
+                preparedUrl += "&connectionToken=" + window.encodeURIComponent(connection.token);
+            }
+
+            if (connection.data) {
+                preparedUrl += "&connectionData=" + window.encodeURIComponent(connection.data);
+            }
+
+            return preparedUrl;
+        },
+
+        addQs: function (url, qs) {
+            var appender = url.indexOf("?") !== -1 ? "&" : "?",
+                firstChar;
+
+            if (!qs) {
+                return url;
+            }
+
+            if (typeof (qs) === "object") {
+                return url + appender + $.param(qs);
+            }
+
+            if (typeof (qs) === "string") {
+                firstChar = qs.charAt(0);
+
+                if (firstChar === "?" || firstChar === "&") {
+                    appender = "";
+                }
+
+                return url + appender + qs;
+            }
+
+            throw new Error("Query string property must be either a string or object.");
+        },
+
+        // BUG #2953: The url needs to be same otherwise it will cause a memory leak
+        getUrl: function (connection, transport, reconnecting, poll, ajaxPost) {
+            /// <summary>Gets the url for making a GET based connect request</summary>
+            var baseUrl = transport === "webSockets" ? "" : connection.baseUrl,
+                url = baseUrl + connection.appRelativeUrl,
+                qs = "transport=" + transport;
+
+            if (!ajaxPost && connection.groupsToken) {
+                qs += "&groupsToken=" + window.encodeURIComponent(connection.groupsToken);
+            }
+
+            if (!reconnecting) {
+                url += "/connect";
+            } else {
+                if (poll) {
+                    // longPolling transport specific
+                    url += "/poll";
+                } else {
+                    url += "/reconnect";
+                }
+
+                if (!ajaxPost && connection.messageId) {
+                    qs += "&messageId=" + window.encodeURIComponent(connection.messageId);
+                }
+            }
+            url += "?" + qs;
+            url = transportLogic.prepareQueryString(connection, url);
+
+            if (!ajaxPost) {
+                url += "&tid=" + Math.floor(Math.random() * 11);
+            }
+
+            return url;
+        },
+
+        maximizePersistentResponse: function (minPersistentResponse) {
+            return {
+                MessageId: minPersistentResponse.C,
+                Messages: minPersistentResponse.M,
+                Initialized: typeof (minPersistentResponse.S) !== "undefined" ? true : false,
+                ShouldReconnect: typeof (minPersistentResponse.T) !== "undefined" ? true : false,
+                LongPollDelay: minPersistentResponse.L,
+                GroupsToken: minPersistentResponse.G
+            };
+        },
+
+        updateGroups: function (connection, groupsToken) {
+            if (groupsToken) {
+                connection.groupsToken = groupsToken;
+            }
+        },
+
+        stringifySend: function (connection, message) {
+            if (typeof (message) === "string" || typeof (message) === "undefined" || message === null) {
+                return message;
+            }
+            return connection.json.stringify(message);
+        },
+
+        ajaxSend: function (connection, data) {
+            var payload = transportLogic.stringifySend(connection, data),
+                url = getAjaxUrl(connection, "/send"),
+                xhr,
+                onFail = function (error, connection) {
+                    $(connection).triggerHandler(events.onError, [signalR._.transportError(signalR.resources.sendFailed, connection.transport, error, xhr), data]);
+                };
+
+
+            xhr = transportLogic.ajax(connection, {
+                url: url,
+                type: connection.ajaxDataType === "jsonp" ? "GET" : "POST",
+                contentType: signalR._.defaultContentType,
+                data: {
+                    data: payload
+                },
+                success: function (result) {
+                    var res;
+
+                    if (result) {
+                        try {
+                            res = connection._parseResponse(result);
+                        }
+                        catch (error) {
+                            onFail(error, connection);
+                            connection.stop();
+                            return;
+                        }
+
+                        transportLogic.triggerReceived(connection, res);
+                    }
+                },
+                error: function (error, textStatus) {
+                    if (textStatus === "abort" || textStatus === "parsererror") {
+                        // The parsererror happens for sends that don't return any data, and hence
+                        // don't write the jsonp callback to the response. This is harder to fix on the server
+                        // so just hack around it on the client for now.
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    onFail(error, connection);
+                }
+            });
+
+            return xhr;
+        },
+
+        ajaxAbort: function (connection, async) {
+            if (typeof (connection.transport) === "undefined") {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Async by default unless explicitly overidden
+            async = typeof async === "undefined" ? true : async;
+
+            var url = getAjaxUrl(connection, "/abort");
+
+            transportLogic.ajax(connection, {
+                url: url,
+                async: async,
+                timeout: 1000,
+                type: "POST"
+            });
+
+            connection.log("Fired ajax abort async = " + async + ".");
+        },
+
+        ajaxStart: function (connection, onSuccess) {
+            var rejectDeferred = function (error) {
+                    var deferred = connection._deferral;
+                    if (deferred) {
+                        deferred.reject(error);
+                    }
+                },
+                triggerStartError = function (error) {
+                    connection.log("The start request failed. Stopping the connection.");
+                    $(connection).triggerHandler(events.onError, [error]);
+                    rejectDeferred(error);
+                    connection.stop();
+                };
+
+            connection._.startRequest = transportLogic.ajax(connection, {
+                url: getAjaxUrl(connection, "/start"),
+                success: function (result, statusText, xhr) {
+                    var data;
+
+                    try {
+                        data = connection._parseResponse(result);
+                    } catch (error) {
+                        triggerStartError(signalR._.error(
+                            signalR._.format(signalR.resources.errorParsingStartResponse, result),
+                            error, xhr));
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    if (data.Response === "started") {
+                        onSuccess();
+                    } else {
+                        triggerStartError(signalR._.error(
+                            signalR._.format(signalR.resources.invalidStartResponse, result),
+                            null /* error */, xhr));
+                    }
+                },
+                error: function (xhr, statusText, error) {
+                    if (statusText !== startAbortText) {
+                        triggerStartError(signalR._.error(
+                            signalR.resources.errorDuringStartRequest,
+                            error, xhr));
+                    } else {
+                        // Stop has been called, no need to trigger the error handler
+                        // or stop the connection again with onStartError
+                        connection.log("The start request aborted because connection.stop() was called.");
+                        rejectDeferred(signalR._.error(
+                            signalR.resources.stoppedDuringStartRequest,
+                            null /* error */, xhr));
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        },
+
+        tryAbortStartRequest: function (connection) {
+            if (connection._.startRequest) {
+                // If the start request has already completed this will noop.
+                connection._.startRequest.abort(startAbortText);
+                delete connection._.startRequest;
+            }
+        },
+
+        tryInitialize: function (persistentResponse, onInitialized) {
+            if (persistentResponse.Initialized) {
+                onInitialized();
+            }
+        },
+
+        triggerReceived: function (connection, data) {
+            if (!connection._.connectingMessageBuffer.tryBuffer(data)) {
+                $(connection).triggerHandler(events.onReceived, [data]);
+            }
+        },
+
+        processMessages: function (connection, minData, onInitialized) {
+            var data;
+
+            // Update the last message time stamp
+            transportLogic.markLastMessage(connection);
+
+            if (minData) {
+                data = transportLogic.maximizePersistentResponse(minData);
+
+                transportLogic.updateGroups(connection, data.GroupsToken);
+
+                if (data.MessageId) {
+                    connection.messageId = data.MessageId;
+                }
+
+                if (data.Messages) {
+                    $.each(data.Messages, function (index, message) {
+                        transportLogic.triggerReceived(connection, message);
+                    });
+
+                    transportLogic.tryInitialize(data, onInitialized);
+                }
+            }
+        },
+
+        monitorKeepAlive: function (connection) {
+            var keepAliveData = connection._.keepAliveData;
+
+            // If we haven't initiated the keep alive timeouts then we need to
+            if (!keepAliveData.monitoring) {
+                keepAliveData.monitoring = true;
+
+                transportLogic.markLastMessage(connection);
+
+                // Save the function so we can unbind it on stop
+                connection._.keepAliveData.reconnectKeepAliveUpdate = function () {
+                    // Mark a new message so that keep alive doesn't time out connections
+                    transportLogic.markLastMessage(connection);
+                };
+
+                // Update Keep alive on reconnect
+                $(connection).bind(events.onReconnect, connection._.keepAliveData.reconnectKeepAliveUpdate);
+
+                connection.log("Now monitoring keep alive with a warning timeout of " + keepAliveData.timeoutWarning + ", keep alive timeout of " + keepAliveData.timeout + " and disconnecting timeout of " + connection.disconnectTimeout);
+            } else {
+                connection.log("Tried to monitor keep alive but it's already being monitored.");
+            }
+        },
+
+        stopMonitoringKeepAlive: function (connection) {
+            var keepAliveData = connection._.keepAliveData;
+
+            // Only attempt to stop the keep alive monitoring if its being monitored
+            if (keepAliveData.monitoring) {
+                // Stop monitoring
+                keepAliveData.monitoring = false;
+
+                // Remove the updateKeepAlive function from the reconnect event
+                $(connection).unbind(events.onReconnect, connection._.keepAliveData.reconnectKeepAliveUpdate);
+
+                // Clear all the keep alive data
+                connection._.keepAliveData = {};
+                connection.log("Stopping the monitoring of the keep alive.");
+            }
+        },
+
+        startHeartbeat: function (connection) {
+            connection._.lastActiveAt = new Date().getTime();
+            beat(connection);
+        },
+
+        markLastMessage: function (connection) {
+            connection._.lastMessageAt = new Date().getTime();
+        },
+
+        markActive: function (connection) {
+            if (transportLogic.verifyLastActive(connection)) {
+                connection._.lastActiveAt = new Date().getTime();
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        },
+
+        isConnectedOrReconnecting: function (connection) {
+            return connection.state === signalR.connectionState.connected ||
+                   connection.state === signalR.connectionState.reconnecting;
+        },
+
+        ensureReconnectingState: function (connection) {
+            if (changeState(connection,
+                        signalR.connectionState.connected,
+                        signalR.connectionState.reconnecting) === true) {
+                $(connection).triggerHandler(events.onReconnecting);
+            }
+            return connection.state === signalR.connectionState.reconnecting;
+        },
+
+        clearReconnectTimeout: function (connection) {
+            if (connection && connection._.reconnectTimeout) {
+                window.clearTimeout(connection._.reconnectTimeout);
+                delete connection._.reconnectTimeout;
+            }
+        },
+
+        verifyLastActive: function (connection) {
+            if (new Date().getTime() - connection._.lastActiveAt >= connection.reconnectWindow) {
+                var message = signalR._.format(signalR.resources.reconnectWindowTimeout, new Date(connection._.lastActiveAt), connection.reconnectWindow);
+                connection.log(message);
+                $(connection).triggerHandler(events.onError, [signalR._.error(message, /* source */ "TimeoutException")]);
+                connection.stop(/* async */ false, /* notifyServer */ false);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        },
+
+        reconnect: function (connection, transportName) {
+            var transport = signalR.transports[transportName];
+
+            // We should only set a reconnectTimeout if we are currently connected
+            // and a reconnectTimeout isn't already set.
+            if (transportLogic.isConnectedOrReconnecting(connection) && !connection._.reconnectTimeout) {
+                // Need to verify before the setTimeout occurs because an application sleep could occur during the setTimeout duration.
+                if (!transportLogic.verifyLastActive(connection)) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                connection._.reconnectTimeout = window.setTimeout(function () {
+                    if (!transportLogic.verifyLastActive(connection)) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    transport.stop(connection);
+
+                    if (transportLogic.ensureReconnectingState(connection)) {
+                        connection.log(transportName + " reconnecting.");
+                        transport.start(connection);
+                    }
+                }, connection.reconnectDelay);
+            }
+        },
+
+        handleParseFailure: function (connection, result, error, onFailed, context) {
+            var wrappedError = signalR._.transportError(
+                signalR._.format(signalR.resources.parseFailed, result),
+                connection.transport,
+                error,
+                context);
+
+            // If we're in the initialization phase trigger onFailed, otherwise stop the connection.
+            if (onFailed && onFailed(wrappedError)) {
+                connection.log("Failed to parse server response while attempting to connect.");
+            } else {
+                $(connection).triggerHandler(events.onError, [wrappedError]);
+                connection.stop();
+            }
+        },
+
+        initHandler: function (connection) {
+            return new InitHandler(connection);
+        },
+
+        foreverFrame: {
+            count: 0,
+            connections: {}
+        }
+    };
+
+}(window.jQuery, window));
+/* jquery.signalR.transports.webSockets.js */
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. See License.md in the project root for license information.
+
+/*global window:false */
+/// <reference path="jquery.signalR.transports.common.js" />
+
+(function ($, window, undefined) {
+
+    var signalR = $.signalR,
+        events = $.signalR.events,
+        changeState = $.signalR.changeState,
+        transportLogic = signalR.transports._logic;
+
+    signalR.transports.webSockets = {
+        name: "webSockets",
+
+        supportsKeepAlive: function () {
+            return true;
+        },
+
+        send: function (connection, data) {
+            var payload = transportLogic.stringifySend(connection, data);
+
+            try {
+                connection.socket.send(payload);
+            } catch (ex) {
+                $(connection).triggerHandler(events.onError,
+                    [signalR._.transportError(
+                        signalR.resources.webSocketsInvalidState,
+                        connection.transport,
+                        ex,
+                        connection.socket
+                    ),
+                    data]);
+            }
+        },
+
+        start: function (connection, onSuccess, onFailed) {
+            var url,
+                opened = false,
+                that = this,
+                reconnecting = !onSuccess,
+                $connection = $(connection);
+
+            if (!window.WebSocket) {
+                onFailed();
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (!connection.socket) {
+                if (connection.webSocketServerUrl) {
+                    url = connection.webSocketServerUrl;
+                } else {
+                    url = connection.wsProtocol + connection.host;
+                }
+
+                url += transportLogic.getUrl(connection, this.name, reconnecting);
+
+                connection.log("Connecting to websocket endpoint '" + url + "'.");
+                connection.socket = new window.WebSocket(url);
+
+                connection.socket.onopen = function () {
+                    opened = true;
+                    connection.log("Websocket opened.");
+
+                    transportLogic.clearReconnectTimeout(connection);
+
+                    if (changeState(connection,
+                                    signalR.connectionState.reconnecting,
+                                    signalR.connectionState.connected) === true) {
+                        $connection.triggerHandler(events.onReconnect);
+                    }
+                };
+
+                connection.socket.onclose = function (event) {
+                    var error;
+
+                    // Only handle a socket close if the close is from the current socket.
+                    // Sometimes on disconnect the server will push down an onclose event
+                    // to an expired socket.
+
+                    if (this === connection.socket) {
+                        if (opened && typeof event.wasClean !== "undefined" && event.wasClean === false) {
+                            // Ideally this would use the websocket.onerror handler (rather than checking wasClean in onclose) but
+                            // I found in some circumstances Chrome won't call onerror. This implementation seems to work on all browsers.
+                            error = signalR._.transportError(
+                                signalR.resources.webSocketClosed,
+                                connection.transport,
+                                event);
+
+                            connection.log("Unclean disconnect from websocket: " + (event.reason || "[no reason given]."));
+                        } else {
+                            connection.log("Websocket closed.");
+                        }
+
+                        if (!onFailed || !onFailed(error)) {
+                            if (error) {
+                                $(connection).triggerHandler(events.onError, [error]);
+                            }
+
+                            that.reconnect(connection);
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+
+                connection.socket.onmessage = function (event) {
+                    var data;
+
+                    try {
+                        data = connection._parseResponse(event.data);
+                    }
+                    catch (error) {
+                        transportLogic.handleParseFailure(connection, event.data, error, onFailed, event);
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    if (data) {
+                        // data.M is PersistentResponse.Messages
+                        if ($.isEmptyObject(data) || data.M) {
+                            transportLogic.processMessages(connection, data, onSuccess);
+                        } else {
+                            // For websockets we need to trigger onReceived
+                            // for callbacks to outgoing hub calls.
+                            transportLogic.triggerReceived(connection, data);
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+            }
+        },
+
+        reconnect: function (connection) {
+            transportLogic.reconnect(connection, this.name);
+        },
+
+        lostConnection: function (connection) {
+            this.reconnect(connection);
+        },
+
+        stop: function (connection) {
+            // Don't trigger a reconnect after stopping
+            transportLogic.clearReconnectTimeout(connection);
+
+            if (connection.socket) {
+                connection.log("Closing the Websocket.");
+                connection.socket.close();
+                connection.socket = null;
+            }
+        },
+
+        abort: function (connection, async) {
+            transportLogic.ajaxAbort(connection, async);
+        }
+    };
+
+}(window.jQuery, window));
+/* jquery.signalR.transports.serverSentEvents.js */
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. See License.md in the project root for license information.
+
+/*global window:false */
+/// <reference path="jquery.signalR.transports.common.js" />
+
+(function ($, window, undefined) {
+
+    var signalR = $.signalR,
+        events = $.signalR.events,
+        changeState = $.signalR.changeState,
+        transportLogic = signalR.transports._logic,
+        clearReconnectAttemptTimeout = function (connection) {
+            window.clearTimeout(connection._.reconnectAttemptTimeoutHandle);
+            delete connection._.reconnectAttemptTimeoutHandle;
+        };
+
+    signalR.transports.serverSentEvents = {
+        name: "serverSentEvents",
+
+        supportsKeepAlive: function () {
+            return true;
+        },
+
+        timeOut: 3000,
+
+        start: function (connection, onSuccess, onFailed) {
+            var that = this,
+                opened = false,
+                $connection = $(connection),
+                reconnecting = !onSuccess,
+                url;
+
+            if (connection.eventSource) {
+                connection.log("The connection already has an event source. Stopping it.");
+                connection.stop();
+            }
+
+            if (!window.EventSource) {
+                if (onFailed) {
+                    connection.log("This browser doesn't support SSE.");
+                    onFailed();
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+
+            url = transportLogic.getUrl(connection, this.name, reconnecting);
+
+            try {
+                connection.log("Attempting to connect to SSE endpoint '" + url + "'.");
+                connection.eventSource = new window.EventSource(url, { withCredentials: connection.withCredentials });
+            }
+            catch (e) {
+                connection.log("EventSource failed trying to connect with error " + e.Message + ".");
+                if (onFailed) {
+                    // The connection failed, call the failed callback
+                    onFailed();
+                } else {
+                    $connection.triggerHandler(events.onError, [signalR._.transportError(signalR.resources.eventSourceFailedToConnect, connection.transport, e)]);
+                    if (reconnecting) {
+                        // If we were reconnecting, rather than doing initial connect, then try reconnect again
+                        that.reconnect(connection);
+                    }
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (reconnecting) {
+                connection._.reconnectAttemptTimeoutHandle = window.setTimeout(function () {
+                    if (opened === false) {
+                        // If we're reconnecting and the event source is attempting to connect,
+                        // don't keep retrying. This causes duplicate connections to spawn.
+                        if (connection.eventSource.readyState !== window.EventSource.OPEN) {
+                            // If we were reconnecting, rather than doing initial connect, then try reconnect again
+                            that.reconnect(connection);
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                that.timeOut);
+            }
+
+            connection.eventSource.addEventListener("open", function (e) {
+                connection.log("EventSource connected.");
+
+                clearReconnectAttemptTimeout(connection);
+                transportLogic.clearReconnectTimeout(connection);
+
+                if (opened === false) {
+                    opened = true;
+
+                    if (changeState(connection,
+                                         signalR.connectionState.reconnecting,
+                                         signalR.connectionState.connected) === true) {
+                        $connection.triggerHandler(events.onReconnect);
+                    }
+                }
+            }, false);
+
+            connection.eventSource.addEventListener("message", function (e) {
+                var res;
+
+                // process messages
+                if (e.data === "initialized") {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                try {
+                    res = connection._parseResponse(e.data);
+                }
+                catch (error) {
+                    transportLogic.handleParseFailure(connection, e.data, error, onFailed, e);
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                transportLogic.processMessages(connection, res, onSuccess);
+            }, false);
+
+            connection.eventSource.addEventListener("error", function (e) {
+                var error = signalR._.transportError(
+                    signalR.resources.eventSourceError,
+                    connection.transport,
+                    e);
+
+                // Only handle an error if the error is from the current Event Source.
+                // Sometimes on disconnect the server will push down an error event
+                // to an expired Event Source.
+                if (this !== connection.eventSource) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (onFailed && onFailed(error)) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                connection.log("EventSource readyState: " + connection.eventSource.readyState + ".");
+
+                if (e.eventPhase === window.EventSource.CLOSED) {
+                    // We don't use the EventSource's native reconnect function as it
+                    // doesn't allow us to change the URL when reconnecting. We need
+                    // to change the URL to not include the /connect suffix, and pass
+                    // the last message id we received.
+                    connection.log("EventSource reconnecting due to the server connection ending.");
+                    that.reconnect(connection);
+                } else {
+                    // connection error
+                    connection.log("EventSource error.");
+                    $connection.triggerHandler(events.onError, [error]);
+                }
+            }, false);
+        },
+
+        reconnect: function (connection) {
+            transportLogic.reconnect(connection, this.name);
+        },
+
+        lostConnection: function (connection) {
+            this.reconnect(connection);
+        },
+
+        send: function (connection, data) {
+            transportLogic.ajaxSend(connection, data);
+        },
+
+        stop: function (connection) {
+            // Don't trigger a reconnect after stopping
+            clearReconnectAttemptTimeout(connection);
+            transportLogic.clearReconnectTimeout(connection);
+
+            if (connection && connection.eventSource) {
+                connection.log("EventSource calling close().");
+                connection.eventSource.close();
+                connection.eventSource = null;
+                delete connection.eventSource;
+            }
+        },
+
+        abort: function (connection, async) {
+            transportLogic.ajaxAbort(connection, async);
+        }
+    };
+
+}(window.jQuery, window));
+/* jquery.signalR.transports.foreverFrame.js */
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. See License.md in the project root for license information.
+
+/*global window:false */
+/// <reference path="jquery.signalR.transports.common.js" />
+
+(function ($, window, undefined) {
+
+    var signalR = $.signalR,
+        events = $.signalR.events,
+        changeState = $.signalR.changeState,
+        transportLogic = signalR.transports._logic,
+        createFrame = function () {
+            var frame = window.document.createElement("iframe");
+            frame.setAttribute("style", "position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:0;height:0;visibility:hidden;");
+            return frame;
+        },
+        // Used to prevent infinite loading icon spins in older versions of ie
+        // We build this object inside a closure so we don't pollute the rest of   
+        // the foreverFrame transport with unnecessary functions/utilities.
+        loadPreventer = (function () {
+            var loadingFixIntervalId = null,
+                loadingFixInterval = 1000,
+                attachedTo = 0;
+
+            return {
+                prevent: function () {
+                    // Prevent additional iframe removal procedures from newer browsers
+                    if (signalR._.ieVersion <= 8) {
+                        // We only ever want to set the interval one time, so on the first attachedTo
+                        if (attachedTo === 0) {
+                            // Create and destroy iframe every 3 seconds to prevent loading icon, super hacky
+                            loadingFixIntervalId = window.setInterval(function () {
+                                var tempFrame = createFrame();
+
+                                window.document.body.appendChild(tempFrame);
+                                window.document.body.removeChild(tempFrame);
+
+                                tempFrame = null;
+                            }, loadingFixInterval);
+                        }
+
+                        attachedTo++;
+                    }
+                },
+                cancel: function () {
+                    // Only clear the interval if there's only one more object that the loadPreventer is attachedTo
+                    if (attachedTo === 1) {
+                        window.clearInterval(loadingFixIntervalId);
+                    }
+
+                    if (attachedTo > 0) {
+                        attachedTo--;
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+        })();
+
+    signalR.transports.foreverFrame = {
+        name: "foreverFrame",
+
+        supportsKeepAlive: function () {
+            return true;
+        },
+
+        // Added as a value here so we can create tests to verify functionality
+        iframeClearThreshold: 50,
+
+        start: function (connection, onSuccess, onFailed) {
+            var that = this,
+                frameId = (transportLogic.foreverFrame.count += 1),
+                url,
+                frame = createFrame(),
+                frameLoadHandler = function () {
+                    connection.log("Forever frame iframe finished loading and is no longer receiving messages.");
+                    if (!onFailed || !onFailed()) {
+                        that.reconnect(connection);
+                    }
+                };
+
+            if (window.EventSource) {
+                // If the browser supports SSE, don't use Forever Frame
+                if (onFailed) {
+                    connection.log("Forever Frame is not supported by SignalR on browsers with SSE support.");
+                    onFailed();
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+
+            frame.setAttribute("data-signalr-connection-id", connection.id);
+
+            // Start preventing loading icon
+            // This will only perform work if the loadPreventer is not attached to another connection.
+            loadPreventer.prevent();
+
+            // Build the url
+            url = transportLogic.getUrl(connection, this.name);
+            url += "&frameId=" + frameId;
+
+            // add frame to the document prior to setting URL to avoid caching issues.
+            window.document.documentElement.appendChild(frame);
+
+            connection.log("Binding to iframe's load event.");
+
+            if (frame.addEventListener) {
+                frame.addEventListener("load", frameLoadHandler, false);
+            } else if (frame.attachEvent) {
+                frame.attachEvent("onload", frameLoadHandler);
+            }
+
+            frame.src = url;
+            transportLogic.foreverFrame.connections[frameId] = connection;
+
+            connection.frame = frame;
+            connection.frameId = frameId;
+
+            if (onSuccess) {
+                connection.onSuccess = function () {
+                    connection.log("Iframe transport started.");
+                    onSuccess();
+                };
+            }
+        },
+
+        reconnect: function (connection) {
+            var that = this;
+
+            // Need to verify connection state and verify before the setTimeout occurs because an application sleep could occur during the setTimeout duration.
+            if (transportLogic.isConnectedOrReconnecting(connection) && transportLogic.verifyLastActive(connection)) {
+                window.setTimeout(function () {
+                    // Verify that we're ok to reconnect.
+                    if (!transportLogic.verifyLastActive(connection)) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    if (connection.frame && transportLogic.ensureReconnectingState(connection)) {
+                        var frame = connection.frame,
+                            src = transportLogic.getUrl(connection, that.name, true) + "&frameId=" + connection.frameId;
+                        connection.log("Updating iframe src to '" + src + "'.");
+                        frame.src = src;
+                    }
+                }, connection.reconnectDelay);
+            }
+        },
+
+        lostConnection: function (connection) {
+            this.reconnect(connection);
+        },
+
+        send: function (connection, data) {
+            transportLogic.ajaxSend(connection, data);
+        },
+
+        receive: function (connection, data) {
+            var cw,
+                body,
+                response;
+
+            if (connection.json !== connection._originalJson) {
+                // If there's a custom JSON parser configured then serialize the object
+                // using the original (browser) JSON parser and then deserialize it using
+                // the custom parser (connection._parseResponse does that). This is so we
+                // can easily send the response from the server as "raw" JSON but still 
+                // support custom JSON deserialization in the browser.
+                data = connection._originalJson.stringify(data);
+            }
+
+            response = connection._parseResponse(data);
+
+            transportLogic.processMessages(connection, response, connection.onSuccess);
+
+            // Protect against connection stopping from a callback trigger within the processMessages above.
+            if (connection.state === $.signalR.connectionState.connected) {
+                // Delete the script & div elements
+                connection.frameMessageCount = (connection.frameMessageCount || 0) + 1;
+                if (connection.frameMessageCount > signalR.transports.foreverFrame.iframeClearThreshold) {
+                    connection.frameMessageCount = 0;
+                    cw = connection.frame.contentWindow || connection.frame.contentDocument;
+                    if (cw && cw.document && cw.document.body) {
+                        body = cw.document.body;
+
+                        // Remove all the child elements from the iframe's body to conserver memory
+                        while (body.firstChild) {
+                            body.removeChild(body.firstChild);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+
+        stop: function (connection) {
+            var cw = null;
+
+            // Stop attempting to prevent loading icon
+            loadPreventer.cancel();
+
+            if (connection.frame) {
+                if (connection.frame.stop) {
+                    connection.frame.stop();
+                } else {
+                    try {
+                        cw = connection.frame.contentWindow || connection.frame.contentDocument;
+                        if (cw.document && cw.document.execCommand) {
+                            cw.document.execCommand("Stop");
+                        }
+                    }
+                    catch (e) {
+                        connection.log("Error occured when stopping foreverFrame transport. Message = " + e.message + ".");
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Ensure the iframe is where we left it
+                if (connection.frame.parentNode === window.document.body) {
+                    window.document.body.removeChild(connection.frame);
+                }
+
+                delete transportLogic.foreverFrame.connections[connection.frameId];
+                connection.frame = null;
+                connection.frameId = null;
+                delete connection.frame;
+                delete connection.frameId;
+                delete connection.onSuccess;
+                delete connection.frameMessageCount;
+                connection.log("Stopping forever frame.");
+            }
+        },
+
+        abort: function (connection, async) {
+            transportLogic.ajaxAbort(connection, async);
+        },
+
+        getConnection: function (id) {
+            return transportLogic.foreverFrame.connections[id];
+        },
+
+        started: function (connection) {
+            if (changeState(connection,
+                signalR.connectionState.reconnecting,
+                signalR.connectionState.connected) === true) {
+
+                $(connection).triggerHandler(events.onReconnect);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+}(window.jQuery, window));
+/* jquery.signalR.transports.longPolling.js */
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. See License.md in the project root for license information.
+
+/*global window:false */
+/// <reference path="jquery.signalR.transports.common.js" />
+
+(function ($, window, undefined) {
+
+    var signalR = $.signalR,
+        events = $.signalR.events,
+        changeState = $.signalR.changeState,
+        isDisconnecting = $.signalR.isDisconnecting,
+        transportLogic = signalR.transports._logic;
+
+    signalR.transports.longPolling = {
+        name: "longPolling",
+
+        supportsKeepAlive: function () {
+            return false;
+        },
+
+        reconnectDelay: 3000,
+
+        start: function (connection, onSuccess, onFailed) {
+            /// <summary>Starts the long polling connection</summary>
+            /// <param name="connection" type="signalR">The SignalR connection to start</param>
+            var that = this,
+                fireConnect = function () {
+                    fireConnect = $.noop;
+
+                    connection.log("LongPolling connected.");
+                    onSuccess();
+                },
+                tryFailConnect = function (error) {
+                    if (onFailed(error)) {
+                        connection.log("LongPolling failed to connect.");
+                        return true;
+                    }
+
+                    return false;
+                },
+                privateData = connection._,
+                reconnectErrors = 0,
+                fireReconnected = function (instance) {
+                    window.clearTimeout(privateData.reconnectTimeoutId);
+                    privateData.reconnectTimeoutId = null;
+
+                    if (changeState(instance,
+                                    signalR.connectionState.reconnecting,
+                                    signalR.connectionState.connected) === true) {
+                        // Successfully reconnected!
+                        instance.log("Raising the reconnect event");
+                        $(instance).triggerHandler(events.onReconnect);
+                    }
+                },
+                // 1 hour
+                maxFireReconnectedTimeout = 3600000;
+
+            if (connection.pollXhr) {
+                connection.log("Polling xhr requests already exists, aborting.");
+                connection.stop();
+            }
+
+            connection.messageId = null;
+
+            privateData.reconnectTimeoutId = null;
+
+            privateData.pollTimeoutId = window.setTimeout(function () {
+                (function poll(instance, raiseReconnect) {
+                    var messageId = instance.messageId,
+                        connect = (messageId === null),
+                        reconnecting = !connect,
+                        polling = !raiseReconnect,
+                        url = transportLogic.getUrl(instance, that.name, reconnecting, polling, true /* use Post for longPolling */),
+                        postData = {};
+
+                    if (instance.messageId) {
+                        postData.messageId = instance.messageId;
+                    }
+
+                    if (instance.groupsToken) {
+                        postData.groupsToken = instance.groupsToken;
+                    }
+
+                    // If we've disconnected during the time we've tried to re-instantiate the poll then stop.
+                    if (isDisconnecting(instance) === true) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    connection.log("Opening long polling request to '" + url + "'.");
+                    instance.pollXhr = transportLogic.ajax(connection, {
+                        xhrFields: {
+                            onprogress: function () {
+                                transportLogic.markLastMessage(connection);
+                            }
+                        },
+                        url: url,
+                        type: "POST",
+                        contentType: signalR._.defaultContentType,
+                        data: postData,
+                        timeout: connection._.pollTimeout,
+                        success: function (result) {
+                            var minData,
+                                delay = 0,
+                                data,
+                                shouldReconnect;
+
+                            connection.log("Long poll complete.");
+
+                            // Reset our reconnect errors so if we transition into a reconnecting state again we trigger
+                            // reconnected quickly
+                            reconnectErrors = 0;
+
+                            try {
+                                // Remove any keep-alives from the beginning of the result
+                                minData = connection._parseResponse(result);
+                            }
+                            catch (error) {
+                                transportLogic.handleParseFailure(instance, result, error, tryFailConnect, instance.pollXhr);
+                                return;
+                            }
+
+                            // If there's currently a timeout to trigger reconnect, fire it now before processing messages
+                            if (privateData.reconnectTimeoutId !== null) {
+                                fireReconnected(instance);
+                            }
+
+                            if (minData) {
+                                data = transportLogic.maximizePersistentResponse(minData);
+                            }
+
+                            transportLogic.processMessages(instance, minData, fireConnect);
+
+                            if (data &&
+                                $.type(data.LongPollDelay) === "number") {
+                                delay = data.LongPollDelay;
+                            }
+
+                            if (isDisconnecting(instance) === true) {
+                                return;
+                            }
+
+                            shouldReconnect = data && data.ShouldReconnect;
+                            if (shouldReconnect) {
+                                // Transition into the reconnecting state
+                                // If this fails then that means that the user transitioned the connection into a invalid state in processMessages.
+                                if (!transportLogic.ensureReconnectingState(instance)) {
+                                    return;
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            // We never want to pass a raiseReconnect flag after a successful poll.  This is handled via the error function
+                            if (delay > 0) {
+                                privateData.pollTimeoutId = window.setTimeout(function () {
+                                    poll(instance, shouldReconnect);
+                                }, delay);
+                            } else {
+                                poll(instance, shouldReconnect);
+                            }
+                        },
+
+                        error: function (data, textStatus) {
+                            var error = signalR._.transportError(signalR.resources.longPollFailed, connection.transport, data, instance.pollXhr);
+
+                            // Stop trying to trigger reconnect, connection is in an error state
+                            // If we're not in the reconnect state this will noop
+                            window.clearTimeout(privateData.reconnectTimeoutId);
+                            privateData.reconnectTimeoutId = null;
+
+                            if (textStatus === "abort") {
+                                connection.log("Aborted xhr request.");
+                                return;
+                            }
+
+                            if (!tryFailConnect(error)) {
+
+                                // Increment our reconnect errors, we assume all errors to be reconnect errors
+                                // In the case that it's our first error this will cause Reconnect to be fired
+                                // after 1 second due to reconnectErrors being = 1.
+                                reconnectErrors++;
+
+                                if (connection.state !== signalR.connectionState.reconnecting) {
+                                    connection.log("An error occurred using longPolling. Status = " + textStatus + ".  Response = " + data.responseText + ".");
+                                    $(instance).triggerHandler(events.onError, [error]);
+                                }
+
+                                // We check the state here to verify that we're not in an invalid state prior to verifying Reconnect.
+                                // If we're not in connected or reconnecting then the next ensureReconnectingState check will fail and will return.
+                                // Therefore we don't want to change that failure code path.
+                                if ((connection.state === signalR.connectionState.connected ||
+                                    connection.state === signalR.connectionState.reconnecting) &&
+                                    !transportLogic.verifyLastActive(connection)) {
+                                    return;
+                                }
+
+                                // Transition into the reconnecting state
+                                // If this fails then that means that the user transitioned the connection into the disconnected or connecting state within the above error handler trigger.
+                                if (!transportLogic.ensureReconnectingState(instance)) {
+                                    return;
+                                }
+
+                                // Call poll with the raiseReconnect flag as true after the reconnect delay
+                                privateData.pollTimeoutId = window.setTimeout(function () {
+                                    poll(instance, true);
+                                }, that.reconnectDelay);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    });
+
+                    // This will only ever pass after an error has occured via the poll ajax procedure.
+                    if (reconnecting && raiseReconnect === true) {
+                        // We wait to reconnect depending on how many times we've failed to reconnect.
+                        // This is essentially a heuristic that will exponentially increase in wait time before
+                        // triggering reconnected.  This depends on the "error" handler of Poll to cancel this 
+                        // timeout if it triggers before the Reconnected event fires.
+                        // The Math.min at the end is to ensure that the reconnect timeout does not overflow.
+                        privateData.reconnectTimeoutId = window.setTimeout(function () { fireReconnected(instance); }, Math.min(1000 * (Math.pow(2, reconnectErrors) - 1), maxFireReconnectedTimeout));
+                    }
+                }(connection));
+            }, 250); // Have to delay initial poll so Chrome doesn't show loader spinner in tab
+        },
+
+        lostConnection: function (connection) {
+            if (connection.pollXhr) {
+                connection.pollXhr.abort("lostConnection");
+            }
+        },
+
+        send: function (connection, data) {
+            transportLogic.ajaxSend(connection, data);
+        },
+
+        stop: function (connection) {
+            /// <summary>Stops the long polling connection</summary>
+            /// <param name="connection" type="signalR">The SignalR connection to stop</param>
+
+            window.clearTimeout(connection._.pollTimeoutId);
+            window.clearTimeout(connection._.reconnectTimeoutId);
+
+            delete connection._.pollTimeoutId;
+            delete connection._.reconnectTimeoutId;
+
+            if (connection.pollXhr) {
+                connection.pollXhr.abort();
+                connection.pollXhr = null;
+                delete connection.pollXhr;
+            }
+        },
+
+        abort: function (connection, async) {
+            transportLogic.ajaxAbort(connection, async);
+        }
+    };
+
+}(window.jQuery, window));
+/* jquery.signalR.hubs.js */
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. See License.md in the project root for license information.
+
+/*global window:false */
+/// <reference path="jquery.signalR.core.js" />
+
+(function ($, window, undefined) {
+
+    var eventNamespace = ".hubProxy",
+        signalR = $.signalR;
+
+    function makeEventName(event) {
+        return event + eventNamespace;
+    }
+
+    // Equivalent to Array.prototype.map
+    function map(arr, fun, thisp) {
+        var i,
+            length = arr.length,
+            result = [];
+        for (i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {
+            if (arr.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
+                result[i] = fun.call(thisp, arr[i], i, arr);
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    function getArgValue(a) {
+        return $.isFunction(a) ? null : ($.type(a) === "undefined" ? null : a);
+    }
+
+    function hasMembers(obj) {
+        for (var key in obj) {
+            // If we have any properties in our callback map then we have callbacks and can exit the loop via return
+            if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    function clearInvocationCallbacks(connection, error) {
+        /// <param name="connection" type="hubConnection" />
+        var callbacks = connection._.invocationCallbacks,
+            callback;
+
+        if (hasMembers(callbacks)) {
+            connection.log("Clearing hub invocation callbacks with error: " + error + ".");
+        }
+
+        // Reset the callback cache now as we have a local var referencing it
+        connection._.invocationCallbackId = 0;
+        delete connection._.invocationCallbacks;
+        connection._.invocationCallbacks = {};
+
+        // Loop over the callbacks and invoke them.
+        // We do this using a local var reference and *after* we've cleared the cache
+        // so that if a fail callback itself tries to invoke another method we don't 
+        // end up with its callback in the list we're looping over.
+        for (var callbackId in callbacks) {
+            callback = callbacks[callbackId];
+            callback.method.call(callback.scope, { E: error });
+        }
+    }
+
+    // hubProxy
+    function hubProxy(hubConnection, hubName) {
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Creates a new proxy object for the given hub connection that can be used to invoke
+        ///     methods on server hubs and handle client method invocation requests from the server.
+        /// </summary>
+        return new hubProxy.fn.init(hubConnection, hubName);
+    }
+
+    hubProxy.fn = hubProxy.prototype = {
+        init: function (connection, hubName) {
+            this.state = {};
+            this.connection = connection;
+            this.hubName = hubName;
+            this._ = {
+                callbackMap: {}
+            };
+        },
+
+        constructor: hubProxy,
+
+        hasSubscriptions: function () {
+            return hasMembers(this._.callbackMap);
+        },
+
+        on: function (eventName, callback) {
+            /// <summary>Wires up a callback to be invoked when a invocation request is received from the server hub.</summary>
+            /// <param name="eventName" type="String">The name of the hub event to register the callback for.</param>
+            /// <param name="callback" type="Function">The callback to be invoked.</param>
+            var that = this,
+                callbackMap = that._.callbackMap;
+
+            // Normalize the event name to lowercase
+            eventName = eventName.toLowerCase();
+
+            // If there is not an event registered for this callback yet we want to create its event space in the callback map.
+            if (!callbackMap[eventName]) {
+                callbackMap[eventName] = {};
+            }
+
+            // Map the callback to our encompassed function
+            callbackMap[eventName][callback] = function (e, data) {
+                callback.apply(that, data);
+            };
+
+            $(that).bind(makeEventName(eventName), callbackMap[eventName][callback]);
+
+            return that;
+        },
+
+        off: function (eventName, callback) {
+            /// <summary>Removes the callback invocation request from the server hub for the given event name.</summary>
+            /// <param name="eventName" type="String">The name of the hub event to unregister the callback for.</param>
+            /// <param name="callback" type="Function">The callback to be invoked.</param>
+            var that = this,
+                callbackMap = that._.callbackMap,
+                callbackSpace;
+
+            // Normalize the event name to lowercase
+            eventName = eventName.toLowerCase();
+
+            callbackSpace = callbackMap[eventName];
+
+            // Verify that there is an event space to unbind
+            if (callbackSpace) {
+                // Only unbind if there's an event bound with eventName and a callback with the specified callback
+                if (callbackSpace[callback]) {
+                    $(that).unbind(makeEventName(eventName), callbackSpace[callback]);
+
+                    // Remove the callback from the callback map
+                    delete callbackSpace[callback];
+
+                    // Check if there are any members left on the event, if not we need to destroy it.
+                    if (!hasMembers(callbackSpace)) {
+                        delete callbackMap[eventName];
+                    }
+                } else if (!callback) { // Check if we're removing the whole event and we didn't error because of an invalid callback
+                    $(that).unbind(makeEventName(eventName));
+
+                    delete callbackMap[eventName];
+                }
+            }
+
+            return that;
+        },
+
+        invoke: function (methodName) {
+            /// <summary>Invokes a server hub method with the given arguments.</summary>
+            /// <param name="methodName" type="String">The name of the server hub method.</param>
+
+            var that = this,
+                connection = that.connection,
+                args = $.makeArray(arguments).slice(1),
+                argValues = map(args, getArgValue),
+                data = { H: that.hubName, M: methodName, A: argValues, I: connection._.invocationCallbackId },
+                d = $.Deferred(),
+                callback = function (minResult) {
+                    var result = that._maximizeHubResponse(minResult),
+                        source,
+                        error;
+
+                    // Update the hub state
+                    $.extend(that.state, result.State);
+
+                    if (result.Progress) {
+                        if (d.notifyWith) {
+                            // Progress is only supported in jQuery 1.7+
+                            d.notifyWith(that, [result.Progress.Data]);
+                        } else if(!connection._.progressjQueryVersionLogged) {
+                            connection.log("A hub method invocation progress update was received but the version of jQuery in use (" + $.prototype.jquery + ") does not support progress updates. Upgrade to jQuery 1.7+ to receive progress notifications.");
+                            connection._.progressjQueryVersionLogged = true;
+                        }
+                    } else if (result.Error) {
+                        // Server hub method threw an exception, log it & reject the deferred
+                        if (result.StackTrace) {
+                            connection.log(result.Error + "\n" + result.StackTrace + ".");
+                        }
+
+                        // result.ErrorData is only set if a HubException was thrown
+                        source = result.IsHubException ? "HubException" : "Exception";
+                        error = signalR._.error(result.Error, source);
+                        error.data = result.ErrorData;
+
+                        connection.log(that.hubName + "." + methodName + " failed to execute. Error: " + error.message);
+                        d.rejectWith(that, [error]);
+                    } else {
+                        // Server invocation succeeded, resolve the deferred
+                        connection.log("Invoked " + that.hubName + "." + methodName);
+                        d.resolveWith(that, [result.Result]);
+                    }
+                };
+
+            connection._.invocationCallbacks[connection._.invocationCallbackId.toString()] = { scope: that, method: callback };
+            connection._.invocationCallbackId += 1;
+
+            if (!$.isEmptyObject(that.state)) {
+                data.S = that.state;
+            }
+
+            connection.log("Invoking " + that.hubName + "." + methodName);
+            connection.send(data);
+
+            return d.promise();
+        },
+
+        _maximizeHubResponse: function (minHubResponse) {
+            return {
+                State: minHubResponse.S,
+                Result: minHubResponse.R,
+                Progress: minHubResponse.P ? {
+                    Id: minHubResponse.P.I,
+                    Data: minHubResponse.P.D
+                } : null,
+                Id: minHubResponse.I,
+                IsHubException: minHubResponse.H,
+                Error: minHubResponse.E,
+                StackTrace: minHubResponse.T,
+                ErrorData: minHubResponse.D
+            };
+        }
+    };
+
+    hubProxy.fn.init.prototype = hubProxy.fn;
+
+    // hubConnection
+    function hubConnection(url, options) {
+        /// <summary>Creates a new hub connection.</summary>
+        /// <param name="url" type="String">[Optional] The hub route url, defaults to "/signalr".</param>
+        /// <param name="options" type="Object">[Optional] Settings to use when creating the hubConnection.</param>
+        var settings = {
+            qs: null,
+            logging: false,
+            useDefaultPath: true
+        };
+
+        $.extend(settings, options);
+
+        if (!url || settings.useDefaultPath) {
+            url = (url || "") + "/signalr";
+        }
+        return new hubConnection.fn.init(url, settings);
+    }
+
+    hubConnection.fn = hubConnection.prototype = $.connection();
+
+    hubConnection.fn.init = function (url, options) {
+        var settings = {
+                qs: null,
+                logging: false,
+                useDefaultPath: true
+            },
+            connection = this;
+
+        $.extend(settings, options);
+
+        // Call the base constructor
+        $.signalR.fn.init.call(connection, url, settings.qs, settings.logging);
+
+        // Object to store hub proxies for this connection
+        connection.proxies = {};
+
+        connection._.invocationCallbackId = 0;
+        connection._.invocationCallbacks = {};
+
+        // Wire up the received handler
+        connection.received(function (minData) {
+            var data, proxy, dataCallbackId, callback, hubName, eventName;
+            if (!minData) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // We have to handle progress updates first in order to ensure old clients that receive
+            // progress updates enter the return value branch and then no-op when they can't find
+            // the callback in the map (because the minData.I value will not be a valid callback ID)
+            if (typeof (minData.P) !== "undefined") {
+                // Process progress notification
+                dataCallbackId = minData.P.I.toString();
+                callback = connection._.invocationCallbacks[dataCallbackId];
+                if (callback) {
+                    callback.method.call(callback.scope, minData);
+                }
+            } else if (typeof (minData.I) !== "undefined") {
+                // We received the return value from a server method invocation, look up callback by id and call it
+                dataCallbackId = minData.I.toString();
+                callback = connection._.invocationCallbacks[dataCallbackId];
+                if (callback) {
+                    // Delete the callback from the proxy
+                    connection._.invocationCallbacks[dataCallbackId] = null;
+                    delete connection._.invocationCallbacks[dataCallbackId];
+
+                    // Invoke the callback
+                    callback.method.call(callback.scope, minData);
+                }
+            } else {
+                data = this._maximizeClientHubInvocation(minData);
+
+                // We received a client invocation request, i.e. broadcast from server hub
+                connection.log("Triggering client hub event '" + data.Method + "' on hub '" + data.Hub + "'.");
+
+                // Normalize the names to lowercase
+                hubName = data.Hub.toLowerCase();
+                eventName = data.Method.toLowerCase();
+
+                // Trigger the local invocation event
+                proxy = this.proxies[hubName];
+
+                // Update the hub state
+                $.extend(proxy.state, data.State);
+                $(proxy).triggerHandler(makeEventName(eventName), [data.Args]);
+            }
+        });
+
+        connection.error(function (errData, origData) {
+            var callbackId, callback;
+
+            if (!origData) {
+                // No original data passed so this is not a send error
+                return;
+            }
+
+            callbackId = origData.I;
+            callback = connection._.invocationCallbacks[callbackId];
+
+            // Verify that there is a callback bound (could have been cleared)
+            if (callback) {
+                // Delete the callback
+                connection._.invocationCallbacks[callbackId] = null;
+                delete connection._.invocationCallbacks[callbackId];
+
+                // Invoke the callback with an error to reject the promise
+                callback.method.call(callback.scope, { E: errData });
+            }
+        });
+
+        connection.reconnecting(function () {
+            if (connection.transport && connection.transport.name === "webSockets") {
+                clearInvocationCallbacks(connection, "Connection started reconnecting before invocation result was received.");
+            }
+        });
+
+        connection.disconnected(function () {
+            clearInvocationCallbacks(connection, "Connection was disconnected before invocation result was received.");
+        });
+    };
+
+    hubConnection.fn._maximizeClientHubInvocation = function (minClientHubInvocation) {
+        return {
+            Hub: minClientHubInvocation.H,
+            Method: minClientHubInvocation.M,
+            Args: minClientHubInvocation.A,
+            State: minClientHubInvocation.S
+        };
+    };
+
+    hubConnection.fn._registerSubscribedHubs = function () {
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Sets the starting event to loop through the known hubs and register any new hubs 
+        ///     that have been added to the proxy.
+        /// </summary>
+        var connection = this;
+
+        if (!connection._subscribedToHubs) {
+            connection._subscribedToHubs = true;
+            connection.starting(function () {
+                // Set the connection's data object with all the hub proxies with active subscriptions.
+                // These proxies will receive notifications from the server.
+                var subscribedHubs = [];
+
+                $.each(connection.proxies, function (key) {
+                    if (this.hasSubscriptions()) {
+                        subscribedHubs.push({ name: key });
+                        connection.log("Client subscribed to hub '" + key + "'.");
+                    }
+                });
+
+                if (subscribedHubs.length === 0) {
+                    connection.log("No hubs have been subscribed to.  The client will not receive data from hubs.  To fix, declare at least one client side function prior to connection start for each hub you wish to subscribe to.");
+                }
+
+                connection.data = connection.json.stringify(subscribedHubs);
+            });
+        }
+    };
+
+    hubConnection.fn.createHubProxy = function (hubName) {
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Creates a new proxy object for the given hub connection that can be used to invoke
+        ///     methods on server hubs and handle client method invocation requests from the server.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="hubName" type="String">
+        ///     The name of the hub on the server to create the proxy for.
+        /// </param>
+
+        // Normalize the name to lowercase
+        hubName = hubName.toLowerCase();
+
+        var proxy = this.proxies[hubName];
+        if (!proxy) {
+            proxy = hubProxy(this, hubName);
+            this.proxies[hubName] = proxy;
+        }
+
+        this._registerSubscribedHubs();
+
+        return proxy;
+    };
+
+    hubConnection.fn.init.prototype = hubConnection.fn;
+
+    $.hubConnection = hubConnection;
+
+}(window.jQuery, window));
+/* jquery.signalR.version.js */
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. See License.md in the project root for license information.
+
+/*global window:false */
+/// <reference path="jquery.signalR.core.js" />
+(function ($, undefined) {
+    $.signalR.version = "2.2.0";
+}(window.jQuery));
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Scripts/jquery.signalR-2.2.0.min.js b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Scripts/jquery.signalR-2.2.0.min.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..70bbc0b045e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Scripts/jquery.signalR-2.2.0.min.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/*!
+ * ASP.NET SignalR JavaScript Library v2.2.0
+ * http://signalr.net/
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ */
+(function(n,t,i){function w(t,i){var u,f;if(n.isArray(t)){for(u=t.length-1;u>=0;u--)f=t[u],n.type(f)==="string"&&r.transports[f]||(i.log("Invalid transport: "+f+", removing it from the transports list."),t.splice(u,1));t.length===0&&(i.log("No transports remain within the specified transport array."),t=null)}else if(r.transports[t]||t==="auto"){if(t==="auto"&&r._.ieVersion<=8)return["longPolling"]}else i.log("Invalid transport: "+t.toString()+"."),t=null;return t}function b(n){return n==="http:"?80:n==="https:"?443:void 0}function a(n,t){return t.match(/:\d+$/)?t:t+":"+b(n)}function k(t,i){var u=this,r=[];u.tryBuffer=function(i){return t.state===n.signalR.connectionState.connecting?(r.push(i),!0):!1};u.drain=function(){if(t.state===n.signalR.connectionState.connected)while(r.length>0)i(r.shift())};u.clear=function(){r=[]}}var f={nojQuery:"jQuery was not found. Please ensure jQuery is referenced before the SignalR client JavaScript file.",noTransportOnInit:"No transport could be initialized successfully. Try specifying a different transport or none at all for auto initialization.",errorOnNegotiate:"Error during negotiation request.",stoppedWhileLoading:"The connection was stopped during page load.",stoppedWhileNegotiating:"The connection was stopped during the negotiate request.",errorParsingNegotiateResponse:"Error parsing negotiate response.",errorDuringStartRequest:"Error during start request. Stopping the connection.",stoppedDuringStartRequest:"The connection was stopped during the start request.",errorParsingStartResponse:"Error parsing start response: '{0}'. Stopping the connection.",invalidStartResponse:"Invalid start response: '{0}'. Stopping the connection.",protocolIncompatible:"You are using a version of the client that isn't compatible with the server. Client version {0}, server version {1}.",sendFailed:"Send failed.",parseFailed:"Failed at parsing response: {0}",longPollFailed:"Long polling request failed.",eventSourceFailedToConnect:"EventSource failed to connect.",eventSourceError:"Error raised by EventSource",webSocketClosed:"WebSocket closed.",pingServerFailedInvalidResponse:"Invalid ping response when pinging server: '{0}'.",pingServerFailed:"Failed to ping server.",pingServerFailedStatusCode:"Failed to ping server.  Server responded with status code {0}, stopping the connection.",pingServerFailedParse:"Failed to parse ping server response, stopping the connection.",noConnectionTransport:"Connection is in an invalid state, there is no transport active.",webSocketsInvalidState:"The Web Socket transport is in an invalid state, transitioning into reconnecting.",reconnectTimeout:"Couldn't reconnect within the configured timeout of {0} ms, disconnecting.",reconnectWindowTimeout:"The client has been inactive since {0} and it has exceeded the inactivity timeout of {1} ms. Stopping the connection."};if(typeof n!="function")throw new Error(f.nojQuery);var r,h,s=t.document.readyState==="complete",e=n(t),c="__Negotiate Aborted__",u={onStart:"onStart",onStarting:"onStarting",onReceived:"onReceived",onError:"onError",onConnectionSlow:"onConnectionSlow",onReconnecting:"onReconnecting",onReconnect:"onReconnect",onStateChanged:"onStateChanged",onDisconnect:"onDisconnect"},v=function(n,i){if(i!==!1){var r;typeof t.console!="undefined"&&(r="["+(new Date).toTimeString()+"] SignalR: "+n,t.console.debug?t.console.debug(r):t.console.log&&t.console.log(r))}},o=function(t,i,r){return i===t.state?(t.state=r,n(t).triggerHandler(u.onStateChanged,[{oldState:i,newState:r}]),!0):!1},y=function(n){return n.state===r.connectionState.disconnected},l=function(n){return n._.keepAliveData.activated&&n.transport.supportsKeepAlive(n)},p=function(i){var f,e;i._.configuredStopReconnectingTimeout||(e=function(t){var i=r._.format(r.resources.reconnectTimeout,t.disconnectTimeout);t.log(i);n(t).triggerHandler(u.onError,[r._.error(i,"TimeoutException")]);t.stop(!1,!1)},i.reconnecting(function(){var n=this;n.state===r.connectionState.reconnecting&&(f=t.setTimeout(function(){e(n)},n.disconnectTimeout))}),i.stateChanged(function(n){n.oldState===r.connectionState.reconnecting&&t.clearTimeout(f)}),i._.configuredStopReconnectingTimeout=!0)};r=function(n,t,i){return new r.fn.init(n,t,i)};r._={defaultContentType:"application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8",ieVersion:function(){var i,n;return t.navigator.appName==="Microsoft Internet Explorer"&&(n=/MSIE ([0-9]+\.[0-9]+)/.exec(t.navigator.userAgent),n&&(i=t.parseFloat(n[1]))),i}(),error:function(n,t,i){var r=new Error(n);return r.source=t,typeof i!="undefined"&&(r.context=i),r},transportError:function(n,t,r,u){var f=this.error(n,r,u);return f.transport=t?t.name:i,f},format:function(){for(var t=arguments[0],n=0;n<arguments.length-1;n++)t=t.replace("{"+n+"}",arguments[n+1]);return t},firefoxMajorVersion:function(n){var t=n.match(/Firefox\/(\d+)/);return!t||!t.length||t.length<2?0:parseInt(t[1],10)},configurePingInterval:function(i){var f=i._.config,e=function(t){n(i).triggerHandler(u.onError,[t])};f&&!i._.pingIntervalId&&f.pingInterval&&(i._.pingIntervalId=t.setInterval(function(){r.transports._logic.pingServer(i).fail(e)},f.pingInterval))}};r.events=u;r.resources=f;r.ajaxDefaults={processData:!0,timeout:null,async:!0,global:!1,cache:!1};r.changeState=o;r.isDisconnecting=y;r.connectionState={connecting:0,connected:1,reconnecting:2,disconnected:4};r.hub={start:function(){throw new Error("SignalR: Error loading hubs. 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diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/SignalRServer.csproj b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/SignalRServer.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bcb17f2b43aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/SignalRServer.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
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+    <UseIISExpress>true</UseIISExpress>
+    <IISExpressSSLPort />
+    <IISExpressAnonymousAuthentication />
+    <IISExpressWindowsAuthentication />
+    <IISExpressUseClassicPipelineMode />
+    <SolutionDir Condition="$(SolutionDir) == '' Or $(SolutionDir) == '*Undefined*'">..\..\</SolutionDir>
+    <DownloadNuGetExe Condition=" '$(DownloadNuGetExe)' == '' ">true</DownloadNuGetExe>
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+  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' ">
+    <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+    <DebugType>full</DebugType>
+    <Optimize>false</Optimize>
+    <OutputPath>bin\</OutputPath>
+    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+    <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' ">
+    <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+    <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+    <OutputPath>bin\</OutputPath>
+    <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+    <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
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+      <HintPath>..\..\packages\Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Core.2.2.0\lib\net45\Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Core.dll</HintPath>
+    </Reference>
+    <Reference Include="Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.SystemWeb">
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+    </Reference>
+    <Reference Include="Microsoft.Web.Infrastructure, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35, processorArchitecture=MSIL">
+      <Private>True</Private>
+      <HintPath>..\..\packages\Microsoft.Web.Infrastructure.1.0.0.0\lib\net40\Microsoft.Web.Infrastructure.dll</HintPath>
+    </Reference>
+    <Reference Include="Newtonsoft.Json, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=30ad4fe6b2a6aeed, processorArchitecture=MSIL">
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+    <Reference Include="System.Web.DynamicData" />
+    <Reference Include="System.Web.Entity" />
+    <Reference Include="System.Web.ApplicationServices" />
+    <Reference Include="System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations" />
+    <Reference Include="System" />
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+    <Reference Include="System.Core" />
+    <Reference Include="System.Data.DataSetExtensions" />
+    <Reference Include="System.Web.Extensions" />
+    <Reference Include="System.Xml.Linq" />
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+    <Reference Include="System.Web" />
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+    <Reference Include="System.Configuration" />
+    <Reference Include="System.Web.Services" />
+    <Reference Include="System.EnterpriseServices" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Content Include="packages.config" />
+    <Content Include="Scripts\jquery-1.10.2.min.map" />
+    <None Include="Web.Debug.config">
+      <DependentUpon>Web.config</DependentUpon>
+    </None>
+    <None Include="Web.Release.config">
+      <DependentUpon>Web.config</DependentUpon>
+    </None>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="Scripts\jquery-1.10.2.intellisense.js" />
+    <Content Include="index.html" />
+    <Content Include="Scripts\jquery-1.10.2.js" />
+    <Content Include="Scripts\jquery-1.10.2.min.js" />
+    <Content Include="Scripts\jquery.signalR-2.2.0.js" />
+    <Content Include="Scripts\jquery.signalR-2.2.0.min.js" />
+    <Content Include="Web.config" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Compile Include="ChatHub.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="EchoConnection.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Properties\AssemblyInfo.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Startup.cs" />
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+    <VSToolsPath Condition="'$(VSToolsPath)' == ''">$(MSBuildExtensionsPath32)\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v$(VisualStudioVersion)</VSToolsPath>
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+  <Import Project="$(MSBuildBinPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets" />
+  <Import Project="$(VSToolsPath)\WebApplications\Microsoft.WebApplication.targets" Condition="'$(VSToolsPath)' != ''" />
+  <Import Project="$(MSBuildExtensionsPath32)\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v10.0\WebApplications\Microsoft.WebApplication.targets" Condition="false" />
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+        <WebProjectProperties>
+          <UseIIS>True</UseIIS>
+          <AutoAssignPort>True</AutoAssignPort>
+          <DevelopmentServerPort>34281</DevelopmentServerPort>
+          <DevelopmentServerVPath>/</DevelopmentServerVPath>
+          <IISUrl>http://localhost:34281/</IISUrl>
+          <NTLMAuthentication>False</NTLMAuthentication>
+          <UseCustomServer>False</UseCustomServer>
+          <CustomServerUrl>
+          </CustomServerUrl>
+          <SaveServerSettingsInUserFile>False</SaveServerSettingsInUserFile>
+        </WebProjectProperties>
+      </FlavorProperties>
+    </VisualStudio>
+  </ProjectExtensions>
+  <Import Project="$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets" Condition="Exists('$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets')" />
+  <Target Name="EnsureNuGetPackageBuildImports" BeforeTargets="PrepareForBuild">
+    <PropertyGroup>
+      <ErrorText>This project references NuGet package(s) that are missing on this computer. Enable NuGet Package Restore to download them.  For more information, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=322105. The missing file is {0}.</ErrorText>
+    </PropertyGroup>
+    <Error Condition="!Exists('$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets'))" />
+  </Target>
+  <!-- To modify your build process, add your task inside one of the targets below and uncomment it. 
+       Other similar extension points exist, see Microsoft.Common.targets.
+  <Target Name="BeforeBuild">
+  </Target>
+  <Target Name="AfterBuild">
+  </Target>
+  -->
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Startup.cs b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Startup.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d2c4b421cbe4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Startup.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.Owin;
+using Owin;
+
+[assembly: OwinStartup(typeof(SignalRServer.Startup))]
+
+namespace SignalRServer
+{
+    public class Startup
+    {
+        public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
+        {
+            app.MapSignalR();
+            app.MapSignalR<EchoConnection>("/echo");
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Web.Debug.config b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Web.Debug.config
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2e302f9f9548
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Web.Debug.config
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+
+<!-- For more information on using web.config transformation visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=125889 -->
+
+<configuration xmlns:xdt="http://schemas.microsoft.com/XML-Document-Transform">
+  <!--
+    In the example below, the "SetAttributes" transform will change the value of 
+    "connectionString" to use "ReleaseSQLServer" only when the "Match" locator 
+    finds an attribute "name" that has a value of "MyDB".
+    
+    <connectionStrings>
+      <add name="MyDB" 
+        connectionString="Data Source=ReleaseSQLServer;Initial Catalog=MyReleaseDB;Integrated Security=True" 
+        xdt:Transform="SetAttributes" xdt:Locator="Match(name)"/>
+    </connectionStrings>
+  -->
+  <system.web>
+    <!--
+      In the example below, the "Replace" transform will replace the entire 
+      <customErrors> section of your web.config file.
+      Note that because there is only one customErrors section under the 
+      <system.web> node, there is no need to use the "xdt:Locator" attribute.
+      
+      <customErrors defaultRedirect="GenericError.htm"
+        mode="RemoteOnly" xdt:Transform="Replace">
+        <error statusCode="500" redirect="InternalError.htm"/>
+      </customErrors>
+    -->
+  </system.web>
+</configuration>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Web.Release.config b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Web.Release.config
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c35844462ba8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Web.Release.config
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+
+<!-- For more information on using web.config transformation visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=125889 -->
+
+<configuration xmlns:xdt="http://schemas.microsoft.com/XML-Document-Transform">
+  <!--
+    In the example below, the "SetAttributes" transform will change the value of 
+    "connectionString" to use "ReleaseSQLServer" only when the "Match" locator 
+    finds an attribute "name" that has a value of "MyDB".
+    
+    <connectionStrings>
+      <add name="MyDB" 
+        connectionString="Data Source=ReleaseSQLServer;Initial Catalog=MyReleaseDB;Integrated Security=True" 
+        xdt:Transform="SetAttributes" xdt:Locator="Match(name)"/>
+    </connectionStrings>
+  -->
+  <system.web>
+    <compilation xdt:Transform="RemoveAttributes(debug)" />
+    <!--
+      In the example below, the "Replace" transform will replace the entire 
+      <customErrors> section of your web.config file.
+      Note that because there is only one customErrors section under the 
+      <system.web> node, there is no need to use the "xdt:Locator" attribute.
+      
+      <customErrors defaultRedirect="GenericError.htm"
+        mode="RemoteOnly" xdt:Transform="Replace">
+        <error statusCode="500" redirect="InternalError.htm"/>
+      </customErrors>
+    -->
+  </system.web>
+</configuration>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Web.config b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Web.config
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..68a9c04f415d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/Web.config
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+  For more information on how to configure your ASP.NET application, please visit
+  http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=169433
+  -->
+<configuration>
+  <system.web>
+    <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5" />
+    <httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5" />
+  </system.web>
+  <runtime>
+    <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
+      <dependentAssembly>
+        <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Owin" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
+        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.0.1.0" newVersion="3.0.1.0" />
+      </dependentAssembly>
+      <dependentAssembly>
+        <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Owin.Security" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
+        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.0.1.0" newVersion="3.0.1.0" />
+      </dependentAssembly>
+    </assemblyBinding>
+  </runtime>
+</configuration>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/index.html b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5a031cb4f3fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+    <title>SignalR Simple Chat</title>
+    <style type="text/css">
+        .container {
+            background-color: #99CCFF;
+            border: thick solid #808080;
+            padding: 20px;
+            margin: 20px;
+        }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div class="container">
+        <input type="text" id="message" />
+        <input type="button" id="sendmessage" value="Send" />
+        <input type="hidden" id="displayname" />
+        <ul id="discussion"></ul>
+    </div>
+    <!--Script references. -->
+    <!--Reference the jQuery library. -->
+    <script src="Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.min.js"></script>
+    <!--Reference the SignalR library. -->
+    <script src="Scripts/jquery.signalR-2.2.0.min.js"></script>
+    <!--Reference the autogenerated SignalR hub script. -->
+    <script src="signalr/hubs"></script>
+    <!--Add script to update the page and send messages.-->
+    <script type="text/javascript">
+        $(function () {
+            // Declare a proxy to reference the hub.
+            var chat = $.connection.chatHub;
+            // Create a function that the hub can call to broadcast messages.
+            chat.client.broadcastMessage = function (name, message) {
+                // Html encode display name and message.
+                var encodedName = $('<div />').text(name).html();
+                var encodedMsg = $('<div />').text(message).html();
+                // Add the message to the page.
+                $('#discussion').append('<li><strong>' + encodedName
+                    + '</strong>:&nbsp;&nbsp;' + encodedMsg + '</li>');
+            };
+            // Get the user name and store it to prepend to messages.
+            $('#displayname').val(prompt('Enter your name:', ''));
+            // Set initial focus to message input box.
+            $('#message').focus();
+            // Start the connection.
+            $.connection.hub.start().done(function () {
+                $('#sendmessage').click(function () {
+                    // Call the Send method on the hub.
+                    chat.server.send($('#displayname').val(), $('#message').val());
+                    // Clear text box and reset focus for next comment.
+                    $('#message').val('').focus();
+                });
+            });
+        });
+    </script>
+</body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/packages.config b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/packages.config
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..db5106da6dab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/samples/SignalRServer/packages.config
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<packages>
+  <package id="jQuery" version="1.10.2" targetFramework="net45" />
+  <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR" version="2.2.0" targetFramework="net45" />
+  <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Core" version="2.2.0" targetFramework="net45" />
+  <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.JS" version="2.2.0" targetFramework="net45" />
+  <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.SystemWeb" version="2.2.0" targetFramework="net45" />
+  <package id="Microsoft.Owin" version="3.0.1" targetFramework="net45" />
+  <package id="Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb" version="3.0.0" targetFramework="net45" />
+  <package id="Microsoft.Owin.Security" version="3.0.1" targetFramework="net45" />
+  <package id="Microsoft.Web.Infrastructure" version="1.0.0.0" targetFramework="net45" />
+  <package id="Newtonsoft.Json" version="6.0.4" targetFramework="net45" />
+  <package id="Owin" version="1.0" targetFramework="net45" />
+</packages>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/signalrclient.sln b/clients/cpp/signalrclient.sln
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6327d6fc150d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/signalrclient.sln
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
+# Visual Studio 15
+VisualStudioVersion = 15.0.27428.1
+MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "signalrclient", "src\signalrclient\Build\VS\signalrclient.vcxproj", "{87ED3AD4-D820-48CD-8382-A12564213A12}"
+EndProject
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "signalrclienttests", "test\signalrclienttests\Build\VS\signalrclienttests.vcxproj", "{10376148-BCF4-4B55-98A5-3C98C87FD898}"
+EndProject
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "gtest", "test\gtest-1.8.0\msvc\gtest.vcxproj", "{2AF210A9-5BDC-45E8-95DD-07B5A2616493}"
+EndProject
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "signalrclientdll", "src\signalrclientdll\Build\VS\signalrclientdll.vcxproj", "{18377AE8-E372-40CE-94FD-7F65008D39A3}"
+EndProject
+Project("{2150E333-8FDC-42A3-9474-1A3956D46DE8}") = ".nuget", ".nuget", "{063421D3-4E32-4BE5-874A-2E784B450858}"
+	ProjectSection(SolutionItems) = preProject
+		.nuget\NuGet.Config = .nuget\NuGet.Config
+		.nuget\NuGet.exe = .nuget\NuGet.exe
+		.nuget\NuGet.targets = .nuget\NuGet.targets
+	EndProjectSection
+EndProject
+Project("{2150E333-8FDC-42A3-9474-1A3956D46DE8}") = "test", "test", "{AABF08B1-12A4-4D06-A188-F01FBF8A9658}"
+EndProject
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "signalrclient-e2e-tests", "test\signalrclient-e2e-tests\Build\VS\signalrclient-e2e-tests.vcxproj", "{6006C96A-29F0-4B18-8DDD-764DC3419E2F}"
+EndProject
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "signalrclient-testhost", "test\signalrclient-testhost\signalrclient-testhost.csproj", "{11848039-1F13-4047-9539-8F9F45930788}"
+EndProject
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "HubConnectionSample", "samples\HubConnectionSample\HubConnectionSample.vcxproj", "{3C9BD092-18E6-4C6E-A887-CDFC80ACB206}"
+EndProject
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
+		Debug|Mixed Platforms = Debug|Mixed Platforms
+		Debug|Win32 = Debug|Win32
+		Debug|x64 = Debug|x64
+		Release|Any CPU = Release|Any CPU
+		Release|Mixed Platforms = Release|Mixed Platforms
+		Release|Win32 = Release|Win32
+		Release|x64 = Release|x64
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+		{87ED3AD4-D820-48CD-8382-A12564213A12}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{87ED3AD4-D820-48CD-8382-A12564213A12}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{87ED3AD4-D820-48CD-8382-A12564213A12}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{87ED3AD4-D820-48CD-8382-A12564213A12}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{87ED3AD4-D820-48CD-8382-A12564213A12}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{87ED3AD4-D820-48CD-8382-A12564213A12}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{87ED3AD4-D820-48CD-8382-A12564213A12}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{87ED3AD4-D820-48CD-8382-A12564213A12}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{87ED3AD4-D820-48CD-8382-A12564213A12}.Release|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{87ED3AD4-D820-48CD-8382-A12564213A12}.Release|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{87ED3AD4-D820-48CD-8382-A12564213A12}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{87ED3AD4-D820-48CD-8382-A12564213A12}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{87ED3AD4-D820-48CD-8382-A12564213A12}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{87ED3AD4-D820-48CD-8382-A12564213A12}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{10376148-BCF4-4B55-98A5-3C98C87FD898}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{10376148-BCF4-4B55-98A5-3C98C87FD898}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{10376148-BCF4-4B55-98A5-3C98C87FD898}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{10376148-BCF4-4B55-98A5-3C98C87FD898}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{10376148-BCF4-4B55-98A5-3C98C87FD898}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{10376148-BCF4-4B55-98A5-3C98C87FD898}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{10376148-BCF4-4B55-98A5-3C98C87FD898}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{10376148-BCF4-4B55-98A5-3C98C87FD898}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{10376148-BCF4-4B55-98A5-3C98C87FD898}.Release|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{10376148-BCF4-4B55-98A5-3C98C87FD898}.Release|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{10376148-BCF4-4B55-98A5-3C98C87FD898}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{10376148-BCF4-4B55-98A5-3C98C87FD898}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{10376148-BCF4-4B55-98A5-3C98C87FD898}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{10376148-BCF4-4B55-98A5-3C98C87FD898}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{2AF210A9-5BDC-45E8-95DD-07B5A2616493}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{2AF210A9-5BDC-45E8-95DD-07B5A2616493}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{2AF210A9-5BDC-45E8-95DD-07B5A2616493}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{2AF210A9-5BDC-45E8-95DD-07B5A2616493}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{2AF210A9-5BDC-45E8-95DD-07B5A2616493}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{2AF210A9-5BDC-45E8-95DD-07B5A2616493}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{2AF210A9-5BDC-45E8-95DD-07B5A2616493}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{2AF210A9-5BDC-45E8-95DD-07B5A2616493}.Release|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{2AF210A9-5BDC-45E8-95DD-07B5A2616493}.Release|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{2AF210A9-5BDC-45E8-95DD-07B5A2616493}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{2AF210A9-5BDC-45E8-95DD-07B5A2616493}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{2AF210A9-5BDC-45E8-95DD-07B5A2616493}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{18377AE8-E372-40CE-94FD-7F65008D39A3}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{18377AE8-E372-40CE-94FD-7F65008D39A3}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{18377AE8-E372-40CE-94FD-7F65008D39A3}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{18377AE8-E372-40CE-94FD-7F65008D39A3}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{18377AE8-E372-40CE-94FD-7F65008D39A3}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{18377AE8-E372-40CE-94FD-7F65008D39A3}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{18377AE8-E372-40CE-94FD-7F65008D39A3}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{18377AE8-E372-40CE-94FD-7F65008D39A3}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{18377AE8-E372-40CE-94FD-7F65008D39A3}.Release|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{18377AE8-E372-40CE-94FD-7F65008D39A3}.Release|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{18377AE8-E372-40CE-94FD-7F65008D39A3}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{18377AE8-E372-40CE-94FD-7F65008D39A3}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{18377AE8-E372-40CE-94FD-7F65008D39A3}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{18377AE8-E372-40CE-94FD-7F65008D39A3}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{6006C96A-29F0-4B18-8DDD-764DC3419E2F}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{6006C96A-29F0-4B18-8DDD-764DC3419E2F}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{6006C96A-29F0-4B18-8DDD-764DC3419E2F}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{6006C96A-29F0-4B18-8DDD-764DC3419E2F}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{6006C96A-29F0-4B18-8DDD-764DC3419E2F}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{6006C96A-29F0-4B18-8DDD-764DC3419E2F}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{6006C96A-29F0-4B18-8DDD-764DC3419E2F}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{6006C96A-29F0-4B18-8DDD-764DC3419E2F}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{6006C96A-29F0-4B18-8DDD-764DC3419E2F}.Release|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{6006C96A-29F0-4B18-8DDD-764DC3419E2F}.Release|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{6006C96A-29F0-4B18-8DDD-764DC3419E2F}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{6006C96A-29F0-4B18-8DDD-764DC3419E2F}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{6006C96A-29F0-4B18-8DDD-764DC3419E2F}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{6006C96A-29F0-4B18-8DDD-764DC3419E2F}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{11848039-1F13-4047-9539-8F9F45930788}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{11848039-1F13-4047-9539-8F9F45930788}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{11848039-1F13-4047-9539-8F9F45930788}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{11848039-1F13-4047-9539-8F9F45930788}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{11848039-1F13-4047-9539-8F9F45930788}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{11848039-1F13-4047-9539-8F9F45930788}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
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diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/Build/VS/packages.config b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/Build/VS/packages.config
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dd2f50310f75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/Build/VS/packages.config
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<packages>
+  <package id="cpprestsdk" version="2.9.1.1" targetFramework="native" />
+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v120.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v120.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v120.winphone.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v120.winphonesl.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v120.winxp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v140.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
+</packages>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/Build/VS/signalrclient.vcxproj b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/Build/VS/signalrclient.vcxproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e57dab08a622
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/Build/VS/signalrclient.vcxproj
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="15.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <Import Project="..\..\..\..\Build\SignalRClient.Build.Settings" />
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
+    <ProjectGuid>{87ED3AD4-D820-48CD-8382-A12564213A12}</ProjectGuid>
+    <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
+    <RootNamespace>signalr</RootNamespace>
+    <ProjectName>signalrclient</ProjectName>
+    <TargetName>$(SignalrClientTargetName)</TargetName>
+    <SolutionDir Condition="$(SolutionDir) == '' Or $(SolutionDir) == '*Undefined*'">..\..\..\..\</SolutionDir>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(OutDir)' == ''">$(SolutionDir)$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <OutDir>$(OutDir)lib\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir>$(Configuration)\lib\</IntDir>
+    <ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>10.0.16299.0</WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="..\..\..\..\Build\Config.Definitions.props" />
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Configuration" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <PlatformToolset>v141</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Configuration" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
+    <PlatformToolset>v141</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Configuration" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <PlatformToolset>v141</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Configuration" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
+    <PlatformToolset>v141</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
+  <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;NO_SIGNALRCLIENT_EXPORTS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>..\..\..\..\include;%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>ProgramDatabase</DebugInformationFormat>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\connection.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\connection_state.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\hub_connection.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\hub_exception.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\log_writer.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\signalr_client_config.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\signalr_exception.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\trace_level.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\transport_type.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\web_exception.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\_exports.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\case_insensitive_comparison_utils.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\connection_impl.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\constants.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\default_websocket_client.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\event.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\http_sender.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\hub_connection_impl.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\callback_manager.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\logger.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\negotiation_response.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\request_sender.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\stdafx.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\trace_log_writer.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\transport.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\transport_factory.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\url_builder.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\websocket_client.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\websocket_transport.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\web_request.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\web_request_factory.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\web_response.h" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\connection.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\connection_impl.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\http_sender.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\hub_connection.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\hub_connection_impl.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\callback_manager.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\logger.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\request_sender.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\signalr_client_config.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\stdafx.cpp">
+      <PrecompiledHeader>Create</PrecompiledHeader>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\trace_log_writer.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\transport.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\transport_factory.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\url_builder.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\default_websocket_client.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\websocket_transport.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\web_request.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\web_request_factory.cpp" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="packages.config" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\signalrclientdll\Build\VS\signalrclientdll.vcxproj">
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+  </ImportGroup>
+  <Target Name="EnsureNuGetPackageBuildImports" BeforeTargets="PrepareForBuild">
+    <PropertyGroup>
+      <ErrorText>This project references NuGet package(s) that are missing on this computer. Enable NuGet Package Restore to download them.  For more information, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=322105. The missing file is {0}.</ErrorText>
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+    <Error Condition="!Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets'))" />
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+  </Target>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/Build/VS/signalrclient.vcxproj.filters b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/Build/VS/signalrclient.vcxproj.filters
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d484bcbac900
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/Build/VS/signalrclient.vcxproj.filters
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup>
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+      <UniqueIdentifier>{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}</UniqueIdentifier>
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+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="Header Files">
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+      <Extensions>h;hh;hpp;hxx;hm;inl;inc;xsd</Extensions>
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+    <Filter Include="Resource Files">
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+    </Filter>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
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+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\connection.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\_exports.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
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+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
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+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\connection_impl.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
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+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\connection.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
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+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\transport_factory.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\web_request_factory.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
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+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
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+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\websocket_transport.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\logger.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\transport.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
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+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\hub_connection_impl.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\callback_manager.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\hub_connection.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\trace_log_writer.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\signalr_client_config.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\request_sender.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="packages.config" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/CMakeLists.txt b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a508128e55da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+
+set (SOURCES
+ callback_manager.cpp
+ connection.cpp
+ connection_impl.cpp
+ default_websocket_client.cpp
+ http_sender.cpp
+ hub_connection.cpp
+ hub_connection_impl.cpp
+ hub_proxy.cpp
+ internal_hub_proxy.cpp
+ logger.cpp
+ request_sender.cpp
+ signalr_client_config.cpp
+ stdafx.cpp
+ trace_log_writer.cpp
+ transport.cpp
+ transport_factory.cpp
+ url_builder.cpp
+ web_request.cpp
+ web_request_factory.cpp
+ websocket_transport.cpp
+)
+
+add_library (signalrclient SHARED ${SOURCES})
+
+target_link_libraries(signalrclient ${CPPREST_SO})
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/callback_manager.cpp b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/callback_manager.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4bfeafe6b704
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/callback_manager.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "callback_manager.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    // dtor_clear_arguments will be passed when closing any pending callbacks when the `callback_manager` is
+    // destroyed (i.e. in the dtor)
+    callback_manager::callback_manager(const web::json::value& dtor_clear_arguments)
+        : m_dtor_clear_arguments(dtor_clear_arguments)
+    { }
+
+    callback_manager::~callback_manager()
+    {
+        clear(m_dtor_clear_arguments);
+    }
+
+    // note: callback must not throw except for the `on_progress` callback which will never be invoked from the dtor
+    utility::string_t callback_manager::register_callback(const std::function<void(const web::json::value&)>& callback)
+    {
+        auto callback_id = get_callback_id();
+
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_map_lock);
+
+            m_callbacks.insert(std::make_pair(callback_id, callback));
+        }
+
+        return callback_id;
+    }
+
+
+    // invokes a callback and stops tracking it if remove callback set to true
+    bool callback_manager::invoke_callback(const utility::string_t& callback_id, const web::json::value& arguments, bool remove_callback)
+    {
+        std::function<void(const web::json::value& arguments)> callback;
+
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_map_lock);
+
+            auto iter = m_callbacks.find(callback_id);
+            if (iter == m_callbacks.end())
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            callback = iter->second;
+
+            if (remove_callback)
+            {
+                m_callbacks.erase(callback_id);
+            }
+        }
+
+        callback(arguments);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool callback_manager::remove_callback(const utility::string_t& callback_id)
+    {
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_map_lock);
+
+            return m_callbacks.erase(callback_id) != 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void callback_manager::clear(const web::json::value& arguments)
+    {
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_map_lock);
+
+            for (auto& kvp : m_callbacks)
+            {
+                kvp.second(arguments);
+            }
+
+            m_callbacks.clear();
+        }
+    }
+
+    utility::string_t callback_manager::get_callback_id()
+    {
+        auto callback_id = m_id++;
+        utility::stringstream_t ss;
+        ss << callback_id;
+        return ss.str();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/callback_manager.h b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/callback_manager.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4bbea0825418
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/callback_manager.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <functional>
+#include <mutex>
+#include "cpprest/json.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    class callback_manager
+    {
+    public:
+        explicit callback_manager(const web::json::value& dtor_error);
+        ~callback_manager();
+
+        callback_manager(const callback_manager&) = delete;
+        callback_manager& operator=(const callback_manager&) = delete;
+
+        utility::string_t register_callback(const std::function<void(const web::json::value&)>& callback);
+        bool invoke_callback(const utility::string_t& callback_id, const web::json::value& arguments, bool remove_callback);
+        bool remove_callback(const utility::string_t& callback_id);
+        void clear(const web::json::value& arguments);
+
+    private:
+        std::atomic<int> m_id { 0 };
+        std::unordered_map<utility::string_t, std::function<void(const web::json::value&)>> m_callbacks;
+        std::mutex m_map_lock;
+        const web::json::value m_dtor_clear_arguments;
+
+        utility::string_t get_callback_id();
+    };
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/case_insensitive_comparison_utils.h b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/case_insensitive_comparison_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8126c5ce919e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/case_insensitive_comparison_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <cctype>
+#include "cpprest/details/basic_types.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    // Note: These functions are not pretending to be all-purpose helpers for case insensitive string comparison. Rather
+    // we use them to compare hub and hub method names which are expected to be almost exclusively ASCII and this is the
+    // simplest thing that would work without having to take dependencies on third party libraries.
+    struct case_insensitive_equals : std::binary_function<utility::string_t, utility::string_t, bool>
+    {
+        bool operator()(const utility::string_t& s1, const utility::string_t& s2) const
+        {
+            if (s1.length() != s2.length())
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            for (auto s1_iterator = s1.begin(), s2_iterator = s2.begin(); s1_iterator != s1.end(); ++s1_iterator, ++s2_iterator)
+            {
+                if (std::toupper(*s1_iterator) != std::toupper(*s2_iterator))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct case_insensitive_hash : std::unary_function<utility::string_t, std::size_t>
+    {
+        std::size_t operator()(const utility::string_t& s) const
+        {
+            size_t hash = 0;
+            std::hash<size_t> hasher;
+            for (const utility::char_t& c : s)
+            {
+                hash ^= hasher(std::toupper(c)) + (hash << 5) + (hash >> 2);
+            }
+
+            return hash;
+        }
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/connection.cpp b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/connection.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..27657f4e40b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/connection.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "signalrclient/connection.h"
+#include "signalrclient/transport_type.h"
+#include "connection_impl.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    connection::connection(const utility::string_t& url, const utility::string_t& query_string, trace_level trace_level, std::shared_ptr<log_writer> log_writer)
+        : m_pImpl(connection_impl::create(url, query_string, trace_level, std::move(log_writer)))
+    {}
+
+    // Do NOT remove this destructor. Letting the compiler generate and inline the default dtor may lead to
+    // undefinded behavior since we are using an incomplete type. More details here:  http://herbsutter.com/gotw/_100/
+    connection::~connection() = default;
+
+    pplx::task<void> connection::start()
+    {
+        return m_pImpl->start();
+    }
+
+    pplx::task<void> connection::send(const utility::string_t& data)
+    {
+        return m_pImpl->send(data);
+    }
+
+    void connection::set_message_received(const message_received_handler& message_received_callback)
+    {
+        m_pImpl->set_message_received_string(message_received_callback);
+    }
+
+    void connection::set_reconnecting(const std::function<void()>& reconnecting_callback)
+    {
+        m_pImpl->set_reconnecting(reconnecting_callback);
+    }
+
+    void connection::set_reconnected(const std::function<void()>& reconnected_callback)
+    {
+        m_pImpl->set_reconnected(reconnected_callback);
+    }
+
+    void connection::set_disconnected(const std::function<void()>& disconnected_callback)
+    {
+        m_pImpl->set_disconnected(disconnected_callback);
+    }
+
+    void connection::set_client_config(const signalr_client_config& config)
+    {
+        m_pImpl->set_client_config(config);
+    }
+
+    pplx::task<void> connection::stop()
+    {
+        return m_pImpl->stop();
+    }
+
+    connection_state connection::get_connection_state() const
+    {
+        return m_pImpl->get_connection_state();
+    }
+
+    utility::string_t connection::get_connection_id() const
+    {
+        return m_pImpl->get_connection_id();
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/connection_impl.cpp b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/connection_impl.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4ee732d10ff1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/connection_impl.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,874 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include <thread>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include "cpprest/asyncrt_utils.h"
+#include "constants.h"
+#include "connection_impl.h"
+#include "request_sender.h"
+#include "url_builder.h"
+#include "trace_log_writer.h"
+#include "make_unique.h"
+#include "signalrclient/signalr_exception.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    // unnamed namespace makes it invisble outside this translation unit
+    namespace
+    {
+        // this is a workaround for a compiler bug where mutable lambdas won't sometimes compile
+        static void log(const logger& logger, trace_level level, const utility::string_t& entry);
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<connection_impl> connection_impl::create(const utility::string_t& url, const utility::string_t& query_string,
+        trace_level trace_level, const std::shared_ptr<log_writer>& log_writer)
+    {
+        return connection_impl::create(url, query_string, trace_level, log_writer, std::make_unique<web_request_factory>(), std::make_unique<transport_factory>());
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<connection_impl> connection_impl::create(const utility::string_t& url, const utility::string_t& query_string, trace_level trace_level,
+        const std::shared_ptr<log_writer>& log_writer, std::unique_ptr<web_request_factory> web_request_factory, std::unique_ptr<transport_factory> transport_factory)
+    {
+        return std::shared_ptr<connection_impl>(new connection_impl(url, query_string, trace_level,
+            log_writer ? log_writer : std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>(), std::move(web_request_factory), std::move(transport_factory)));
+    }
+
+    connection_impl::connection_impl(const utility::string_t& url, const utility::string_t& query_string, trace_level trace_level, const std::shared_ptr<log_writer>& log_writer,
+        std::unique_ptr<web_request_factory> web_request_factory, std::unique_ptr<transport_factory> transport_factory)
+        : m_base_url(url), m_query_string(query_string), m_connection_state(connection_state::disconnected), m_reconnect_delay(2000),
+        m_logger(log_writer, trace_level), m_transport(nullptr), m_web_request_factory(std::move(web_request_factory)),
+        m_transport_factory(std::move(transport_factory)), m_message_received([](const web::json::value&){}),
+        m_reconnecting([](){}), m_reconnected([](){}), m_disconnected([](){}), m_handshakeReceived(false)
+    { }
+
+    connection_impl::~connection_impl()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            // Signaling the event is safe here. We are in the dtor so noone is using this instance. There might be some
+            // outstanding threads that hold on to the connection via a weak pointer but they won't be able to acquire
+            // the instance since it is being destroyed. Note that the event may actually be in non-signaled state here.
+            // This for instance happens when the connection goes out of scope while a reconnect is in progress. In this
+            // case the reconnect logic will not be able to acquire the connection instance from the weak_pointer to
+            // signal the event so this dtor would hang indefinitely. Using a shared_ptr to the connection in reconnect
+            // is not a good idea since it would prevent from invoking this dtor until the connection is reconnected or
+            // reconnection fails even if the instance actually went out of scope.
+            m_start_completed_event.set();
+            shutdown().get();
+        }
+        catch (const pplx::task_canceled&)
+        {
+            // because we are in the dtor and the `connection_imp` is ref counted we should not get the `task_canceled`
+            // exception because it would indicate that some other thread/task still holds reference to this instance
+            // so how come we are in the dtor?
+            _ASSERTE(false);
+            return;
+        }
+        catch (...) // must not throw from destructors
+        { }
+
+        m_transport = nullptr;
+        change_state(connection_state::disconnected);
+    }
+
+    pplx::task<void> connection_impl::start()
+    {
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_stop_lock);
+            if (!change_state(connection_state::disconnected, connection_state::connecting))
+            {
+                return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(
+                    signalr_exception(_XPLATSTR("cannot start a connection that is not in the disconnected state")));
+            }
+
+            // there should not be any active transport at this point
+            _ASSERTE(!m_transport);
+
+            m_disconnect_cts = pplx::cancellation_token_source();
+            m_start_completed_event.reset();
+            m_message_id = m_groups_token = m_connection_id = _XPLATSTR("");
+        }
+
+        pplx::task_completion_event<void> start_tce;
+
+        auto connection = shared_from_this();
+
+        pplx::task_from_result()
+            .then([connection]()
+            {
+                return request_sender::negotiate(*connection->m_web_request_factory, connection->m_base_url,
+                    connection->m_query_string, connection->m_signalr_client_config);
+            }, m_disconnect_cts.get_token())
+            .then([connection](negotiation_response negotiation_response)
+            {
+                connection->m_connection_id = negotiation_response.connection_id;
+
+                // TODO: check available transports
+
+                return connection->start_transport(negotiation_response)
+                    .then([connection, negotiation_response](std::shared_ptr<transport> transport)
+                    {
+                        connection->m_transport = transport;
+                    });
+            }, m_disconnect_cts.get_token())
+            .then([start_tce, connection](pplx::task<void> previous_task)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    previous_task.get();
+                    if (!connection->change_state(connection_state::connecting, connection_state::connected))
+                    {
+                        connection->m_logger.log(trace_level::errors,
+                            utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("internal error - transition from an unexpected state. expected state: connecting, actual state: "))
+                            .append(translate_connection_state(connection->get_connection_state())));
+
+                        _ASSERTE(false);
+                    }
+
+                    connection->m_start_completed_event.set();
+                    start_tce.set();
+                }
+                catch (const std::exception &e)
+                {
+                    auto task_canceled_exception = dynamic_cast<const pplx::task_canceled *>(&e);
+                    if (task_canceled_exception)
+                    {
+                        connection->m_logger.log(trace_level::info,
+                            _XPLATSTR("starting the connection has been cancelled."));
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        connection->m_logger.log(trace_level::errors,
+                            utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("connection could not be started due to: "))
+                            .append(utility::conversions::to_string_t(e.what())));
+                    }
+
+                    connection->m_transport = nullptr;
+                    connection->change_state(connection_state::disconnected);
+                    connection->m_start_completed_event.set();
+                    start_tce.set_exception(std::current_exception());
+                }
+            });
+
+        return pplx::create_task(start_tce);
+    }
+
+    pplx::task<std::shared_ptr<transport>> connection_impl::start_transport(negotiation_response negotiation_response)
+    {
+        auto connection = shared_from_this();
+
+        pplx::task_completion_event<void> connect_request_tce;
+
+        auto weak_connection = std::weak_ptr<connection_impl>(connection);
+        auto& disconnect_cts = m_disconnect_cts;
+        auto& logger = m_logger;
+
+        auto process_response_callback =
+            [weak_connection, connect_request_tce, disconnect_cts, logger](const utility::string_t& response) mutable
+            {
+                // When a connection is stopped we don't wait for its transport to stop. As a result if the same connection
+                // is immediately re-started the old transport can still invoke this callback. To prevent this we capture
+                // the disconnect_cts by value which allows distinguishing if the message is for the running connection
+                // or for the one that was already stopped. If this is the latter we just ignore it.
+                if (disconnect_cts.get_token().is_canceled())
+                {
+                    logger.log(trace_level::info,
+                        utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("ignoring stray message received after connection was restarted. message: "))
+                        .append(response));
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                auto connection = weak_connection.lock();
+                if (connection)
+                {
+                    connection->process_response(response, connect_request_tce);
+                }
+            };
+
+
+        auto error_callback =
+            [weak_connection, connect_request_tce, disconnect_cts, logger](const std::exception &e) mutable
+            {
+                // When a connection is stopped we don't wait for its transport to stop. As a result if the same connection
+                // is immediately re-started the old transport can still invoke this callback. To prevent this we capture
+                // the disconnect_cts by value which allows distinguishing if the error is for the running connection
+                // or for the one that was already stopped. If this is the latter we just ignore it.
+                if (disconnect_cts.get_token().is_canceled())
+                {
+                    logger.log(trace_level::info,
+                        utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("ignoring stray error received after connection was restarted. error: "))
+                        .append(utility::conversions::to_string_t(e.what())));
+
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                // no op after connection started successfully
+                connect_request_tce.set_exception(e);
+
+                auto connection = weak_connection.lock();
+                if (connection)
+                {
+                    connection->reconnect();
+                }
+            };
+
+        auto transport = connection->m_transport_factory->create_transport(
+            transport_type::websockets, connection->m_logger, connection->m_signalr_client_config,
+            process_response_callback, error_callback);
+
+        pplx::create_task([negotiation_response, connect_request_tce, disconnect_cts, weak_connection]()
+        {
+            //std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(negotiation_response.transport_connect_timeout));
+            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(5000));
+
+            // if the disconnect_cts is canceled it means that the connection has been stopped or went out of scope in
+            // which case we should not throw due to timeout. Instead we need to set the tce prevent the task that is
+            // using this tce from hanging indifinitely. (This will eventually result in throwing the pplx::task_canceled
+            // exception to the user since this is what we do in the start() function if disconnect_cts is tripped).
+            if (disconnect_cts.get_token().is_canceled())
+            {
+                connect_request_tce.set();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                connect_request_tce.set_exception(signalr_exception(_XPLATSTR("transport timed out when trying to connect")));
+            }
+        });
+
+        return connection->send_connect_request(transport, connect_request_tce)
+            .then([transport](){ return pplx::task_from_result(transport); });
+    }
+
+    pplx::task<void> connection_impl::send_connect_request(const std::shared_ptr<transport>& transport, const pplx::task_completion_event<void>& connect_request_tce)
+    {
+        auto logger = m_logger;
+        auto connect_url = url_builder::build_connect(m_base_url, transport->get_transport_type(), m_query_string);
+
+        transport->connect(connect_url)
+            .then([transport, connect_request_tce, logger](pplx::task<void> connect_task)
+            mutable {
+                try
+                {
+                    connect_task.get();
+                    transport->send(_XPLATSTR("{\"protocol\":\"json\",\"version\":1}\x1e")).get();
+                }
+                catch (const std::exception& e)
+                {
+                    logger.log(
+                        trace_level::errors,
+                        utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("transport could not connect due to: "))
+                            .append(utility::conversions::to_string_t(e.what())));
+
+                    connect_request_tce.set_exception(std::current_exception());
+                }
+            });
+
+        return pplx::create_task(connect_request_tce);
+    }
+
+    enum MessageType
+    {
+        Invocation = 1,
+        StreamItem,
+        Completion,
+        StreamInvocation,
+        CancelInvocation,
+        Ping,
+        Close,
+    };
+
+    void connection_impl::process_response(const utility::string_t& response, const pplx::task_completion_event<void>& connect_request_tce)
+    {
+        m_logger.log(trace_level::messages,
+            utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("processing message: ")).append(response));
+
+        try
+        {
+            auto pos = response.find('\x1e');
+            std::size_t lastPos = 0;
+            while (pos != utility::string_t::npos)
+            {
+                auto message = response.substr(lastPos, pos - lastPos);
+                const auto result = web::json::value::parse(message);
+
+                if (!result.is_object())
+                {
+                    m_logger.log(trace_level::info, utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("unexpected response received from the server: "))
+                        .append(message));
+
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (!m_handshakeReceived)
+                {
+                    if (result.has_field(_XPLATSTR("error")))
+                    {
+                        auto error = result.at(_XPLATSTR("error")).as_string();
+                        m_logger.log(trace_level::errors, utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("handshake error: "))
+                            .append(error));
+                        connect_request_tce.set_exception(signalr_exception(utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("Received an error during handshake: ")).append(error)));
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (result.size() != 0)
+                        {
+                            connect_request_tce.set_exception(signalr_exception(utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("Received unexpected message while waiting for the handshake response."))));
+                        }
+                        m_handshakeReceived = true;
+                        connect_request_tce.set();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                auto messageType = result.at(_XPLATSTR("type"));
+                switch (messageType.as_integer())
+                {
+                case MessageType::Invocation:
+                {
+                    invoke_message_received(result);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case MessageType::StreamInvocation:
+                    // Sent to server only, should not be received by client
+                    throw std::runtime_error("Received unexpected message type 'StreamInvocation'.");
+                case MessageType::StreamItem:
+                    // TODO
+                    break;
+                case MessageType::Completion:
+                {
+                    if (result.has_field(_XPLATSTR("error")) && result.has_field(_XPLATSTR("result")))
+                    {
+                        //error
+                    }
+                    invoke_message_received(result);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case MessageType::CancelInvocation:
+                    // Sent to server only, should not be received by client
+                    throw std::runtime_error("Received unexpected message type 'CancelInvocation'.");
+                case MessageType::Ping:
+                    // TODO
+                    break;
+                case MessageType::Close:
+                    // TODO
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                lastPos = pos + 1;
+                pos = response.find('\x1e', lastPos);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (const std::exception &e)
+        {
+            m_logger.log(trace_level::errors, utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("error occured when parsing response: "))
+                .append(utility::conversions::to_string_t(e.what()))
+                .append(_XPLATSTR(". response: "))
+                .append(response));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void connection_impl::invoke_message_received(const web::json::value& message)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            m_message_received(message);
+        }
+        catch (const std::exception &e)
+        {
+            m_logger.log(
+                trace_level::errors,
+                utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("message_received callback threw an exception: "))
+                .append(utility::conversions::to_string_t(e.what())));
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+            m_logger.log(trace_level::errors, _XPLATSTR("message_received callback threw an unknown exception"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    pplx::task<void> connection_impl::send(const utility::string_t& data)
+    {
+        // To prevent an (unlikely) condition where the transport is nulled out after we checked the connection_state
+        // and before sending data we store the pointer in the local variable. In this case `send()` will throw but
+        // we won't crash.
+        auto transport = m_transport;
+
+        auto connection_state = get_connection_state();
+        if (connection_state != signalr::connection_state::connected || !transport)
+        {
+            return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(signalr_exception(
+                utility::string_t{_XPLATSTR("cannot send data when the connection is not in the connected state. current connection state: " })
+                    .append(translate_connection_state(connection_state))));
+        }
+
+        auto logger = m_logger;
+
+        logger.log(trace_level::info, utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("sending data: ")).append(data));
+
+        return transport->send(data)
+            .then([logger](pplx::task<void> send_task)
+            mutable {
+                try
+                {
+                    send_task.get();
+                }
+                catch (const std::exception &e)
+                {
+                    logger.log(
+                        trace_level::errors,
+                        utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("error sending data: "))
+                        .append(utility::conversions::to_string_t(e.what())));
+
+                    throw;
+                }
+            });
+    }
+
+    pplx::task<void> connection_impl::stop()
+    {
+        m_logger.log(trace_level::info, _XPLATSTR("stopping connection"));
+
+        auto connection = shared_from_this();
+        return shutdown()
+            .then([connection]()
+            {
+                {
+                    // the lock prevents a race where the user calls `stop` on a disconnected connection and calls `start`
+                    // on a different thread at the same time. In this case we must not null out the transport if we are
+                    // not in the `disconnecting` state to not affect the 'start' invocation.
+                    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(connection->m_stop_lock);
+                    if (connection->change_state(connection_state::disconnecting, connection_state::disconnected))
+                    {
+                        // we do let the exception through (especially the task_canceled exception)
+                        connection->m_transport = nullptr;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                try
+                {
+                    connection->m_disconnected();
+                }
+                catch (const std::exception &e)
+                {
+                    connection->m_logger.log(
+                        trace_level::errors,
+                        utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("disconnected callback threw an exception: "))
+                        .append(utility::conversions::to_string_t(e.what())));
+                }
+                catch (...)
+                {
+                    connection->m_logger.log(
+                        trace_level::errors,
+                        utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("disconnected callback threw an unknown exception")));
+                }
+            });
+    }
+
+    // This function is called from the dtor so you must not use `shared_from_this` here (it will throw).
+    pplx::task<void> connection_impl::shutdown()
+    {
+        m_handshakeReceived = false;
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_stop_lock);
+            m_logger.log(trace_level::info, _XPLATSTR("acquired lock in shutdown()"));
+
+            auto current_state = get_connection_state();
+            if (current_state == connection_state::disconnected)
+            {
+                return pplx::task_from_result();
+            }
+
+            if (current_state == connection_state::disconnecting)
+            {
+                // canceled task will be returned if `stop` was called while another `stop` was already in progress.
+                // This is to prevent from resetting the `m_transport` in the upstream callers because doing so might
+                // affect the other invocation which is using it.
+                auto cts = pplx::cancellation_token_source();
+                cts.cancel();
+                return pplx::create_task([](){}, cts.get_token());
+            }
+
+            // we request a cancellation of the ongoing start or reconnect request (if any) and wait until it is cancelled
+            m_disconnect_cts.cancel();
+
+            while (m_start_completed_event.wait(60000) != 0)
+            {
+                m_logger.log(trace_level::errors,
+                    _XPLATSTR("internal error - stopping the connection is still waiting for the start operation to finish which should have already finished or timed out"));
+            }
+
+            // at this point we are either in the connected, reconnecting or disconnected state. If we are in the disconnected state
+            // we must break because the transport has already been nulled out.
+            if (m_connection_state == connection_state::disconnected)
+            {
+                return pplx::task_from_result();
+            }
+
+            _ASSERTE(m_connection_state == connection_state::connected || m_connection_state == connection_state::reconnecting);
+
+            change_state(connection_state::disconnecting);
+        }
+
+        return m_transport->disconnect();
+    }
+
+    void connection_impl::reconnect()
+    {
+        m_logger.log(trace_level::info, _XPLATSTR("connection lost - trying to re-establish connection"));
+
+        pplx::cancellation_token_source disconnect_cts;
+
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_stop_lock);
+            m_logger.log(trace_level::info, _XPLATSTR("acquired lock before invoking reconnecting callback"));
+
+            // reconnect might be called when starting the connection has not finished yet so wait until it is done
+            // before actually trying to reconnect
+            while (m_start_completed_event.wait(60000) != 0)
+            {
+                m_logger.log(trace_level::errors,
+                    _XPLATSTR("internal error - reconnect is still waiting for the start operation to finish which should have already finished or timed out"));
+            }
+
+            // exit if starting the connection has not completed successfully or there is an ongoing stop request
+            if (!change_state(connection_state::connected, connection_state::reconnecting))
+            {
+                m_logger.log(trace_level::info,
+                    _XPLATSTR("reconnecting cancelled - connection is not in the connected state"));
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            disconnect_cts = m_disconnect_cts;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            m_logger.log(trace_level::info, _XPLATSTR("invoking reconnecting callback"));
+            m_reconnecting();
+            m_logger.log(trace_level::info, _XPLATSTR("reconnecting callback returned without error"));
+        }
+        catch (const std::exception &e)
+        {
+            m_logger.log(
+                trace_level::errors,
+                utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("reconnecting callback threw an exception: "))
+                .append(utility::conversions::to_string_t(e.what())));
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+            m_logger.log(
+                trace_level::errors,
+                utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("reconnecting callback threw an unknown exception")));
+        }
+
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_stop_lock);
+
+            m_logger.log(trace_level::info, _XPLATSTR("acquired lock before starting reconnect logic"));
+
+            // This is to prevent a case where a connection was stopped (and possibly restarted and got into a reconnecting
+            // state) after we changed the state to reconnecting in the original reconnecting request. In this case we have
+            // the original cts which would have been cancelled by the stop request and we can use it to stop the original
+            // reconnecting request
+            if (disconnect_cts.get_token().is_canceled())
+            {
+                m_logger.log(trace_level::info,
+                    _XPLATSTR("reconnecting canceled - connection was stopped and restarted after reconnecting started"));
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // we set the connection to the reconnecting before we invoked the reconnecting callback. If the connection
+            // state changed from the reconnecting state the user might have stopped/restarted the connection in the
+            // reconnecting callback or there might have started stopping the connection on the main thread and we should
+            // not try to continue the reconnect
+            if (m_connection_state != connection_state::reconnecting)
+            {
+                m_logger.log(trace_level::info,
+                    _XPLATSTR("reconnecting canceled - connection is no longer in the reconnecting state"));
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // re-using the start completed event is safe because you cannot start the connection if it is not in the
+            // disconnected state. It also make it easier to handle stopping the connection when it is reconnecting.
+            m_start_completed_event.reset();
+        }
+
+        auto reconnect_url = url_builder::build_reconnect(m_base_url, m_transport->get_transport_type(),
+            m_message_id, m_groups_token, m_query_string);
+
+        auto weak_connection = std::weak_ptr<connection_impl>(shared_from_this());
+
+        // this is non-blocking
+        try_reconnect(reconnect_url, utility::datetime::utc_now().to_interval(), m_reconnect_window, m_reconnect_delay, disconnect_cts)
+            .then([weak_connection](pplx::task<bool> reconnect_task)
+            {
+                // try reconnect does not throw
+                auto reconnected = reconnect_task.get();
+
+                auto connection = weak_connection.lock();
+                if (!connection)
+                {
+                    // connection instance went away - nothing to be done
+                    return pplx::task_from_result();
+                }
+
+                if (reconnected)
+                {
+                    if (!connection->change_state(connection_state::reconnecting, connection_state::connected))
+                    {
+                        connection->m_logger.log(trace_level::errors,
+                            utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("internal error - transition from an unexpected state. expected state: reconnecting, actual state: "))
+                            .append(translate_connection_state(connection->get_connection_state())));
+
+                        _ASSERTE(false);
+                    }
+
+                    // we must set the event before calling into the user code to prevent a deadlock that would happen
+                    // if the user called stop() from the handler
+                    connection->m_start_completed_event.set();
+
+                    try
+                    {
+                        connection->m_logger.log(trace_level::info, _XPLATSTR("invoking reconnected callback"));
+                        connection->m_reconnected();
+                        connection->m_logger.log(trace_level::info, _XPLATSTR("reconnected callback returned without error"));
+                    }
+                    catch (const std::exception &e)
+                    {
+                        connection->m_logger.log(
+                            trace_level::errors,
+                            utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("reconnected callback threw an exception: "))
+                            .append(utility::conversions::to_string_t(e.what())));
+                    }
+                    catch (...)
+                    {
+                        connection->m_logger.log(
+                            trace_level::errors, _XPLATSTR("reconnected callback threw an unknown exception"));
+                    }
+
+                    return pplx::task_from_result();
+                }
+
+                connection->m_start_completed_event.set();
+
+                return connection->stop();
+            });
+    }
+
+    // the assumption is that this function won't throw
+    pplx::task<bool> connection_impl::try_reconnect(const web::uri& reconnect_url, const utility::datetime::interval_type reconnect_start_time,
+        int reconnect_window /*milliseconds*/, int reconnect_delay /*milliseconds*/, pplx::cancellation_token_source disconnect_cts)
+    {
+        if (disconnect_cts.get_token().is_canceled())
+        {
+            log(m_logger, trace_level::info, utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("reconnecting cancelled - connection is being stopped. line: "))
+                .append(utility::conversions::to_string_t(std::to_string(__LINE__))));
+            return pplx::task_from_result<bool>(false);
+        }
+
+        auto weak_connection = std::weak_ptr<connection_impl>(shared_from_this());
+        auto& logger = m_logger;
+
+        return m_transport->connect(reconnect_url)
+            .then([weak_connection, reconnect_url, reconnect_start_time, reconnect_window, reconnect_delay, logger, disconnect_cts]
+            (pplx::task<void> reconnect_task)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                log(logger, trace_level::info, _XPLATSTR("reconnect attempt starting"));
+                reconnect_task.get();
+                log(logger, trace_level::info, _XPLATSTR("reconnect attempt completed successfully"));
+
+                return pplx::task_from_result<bool>(true);
+            }
+            catch (const std::exception& e)
+            {
+                log(logger, trace_level::info, utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("reconnect attempt failed due to: "))
+                    .append(utility::conversions::to_string_t(e.what())));
+            }
+
+            if (disconnect_cts.get_token().is_canceled())
+            {
+                log(logger, trace_level::info, utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("reconnecting cancelled - connection is being stopped. line: "))
+                    .append(utility::conversions::to_string_t(std::to_string(__LINE__))));
+                return pplx::task_from_result<bool>(false);
+            }
+
+            auto reconnect_window_end = reconnect_start_time + utility::datetime::from_milliseconds(reconnect_window);
+            if (utility::datetime::utc_now().to_interval() + utility::datetime::from_milliseconds(reconnect_delay) > reconnect_window_end)
+            {
+                utility::ostringstream_t oss;
+                oss << _XPLATSTR("connection could not be re-established within the configured timeout of ")
+                    << reconnect_window << _XPLATSTR(" milliseconds");
+                log(logger, trace_level::info, oss.str());
+
+                return pplx::task_from_result<bool>(false);
+            }
+
+            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(reconnect_delay));
+
+            if (disconnect_cts.get_token().is_canceled())
+            {
+                log(logger, trace_level::info, utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("reconnecting cancelled - connection is being stopped. line: "))
+                    .append(utility::conversions::to_string_t(std::to_string(__LINE__))));
+
+                return pplx::task_from_result<bool>(false);
+            }
+
+            auto connection = weak_connection.lock();
+            if (connection)
+            {
+                return connection->try_reconnect(reconnect_url, reconnect_start_time, reconnect_window, reconnect_delay, disconnect_cts);
+            }
+
+            log(logger, trace_level::info, _XPLATSTR("reconnecting cancelled - connection no longer valid."));
+            return pplx::task_from_result<bool>(false);
+        });
+    }
+
+    connection_state connection_impl::get_connection_state() const
+    {
+        return m_connection_state.load();
+    }
+
+    utility::string_t connection_impl::get_connection_id() const
+    {
+        if (m_connection_state.load() == connection_state::connecting)
+        {
+            return _XPLATSTR("");
+        }
+
+        return m_connection_id;
+    }
+
+    void connection_impl::set_message_received_string(const std::function<void(const utility::string_t&)>& message_received)
+    {
+        set_message_received_json([message_received](const web::json::value& payload)
+        {
+            message_received(payload.is_string() ? payload.as_string() : payload.serialize());
+        });
+    }
+
+    void connection_impl::set_message_received_json(const std::function<void(const web::json::value&)>& message_received)
+    {
+        ensure_disconnected(_XPLATSTR("cannot set the callback when the connection is not in the disconnected state. "));
+        m_message_received = message_received;
+    }
+
+    void connection_impl::set_connection_data(const utility::string_t& connection_data)
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(get_connection_state() == connection_state::disconnected);
+
+        m_connection_data = connection_data;
+    }
+
+    void connection_impl::set_client_config(const signalr_client_config& config)
+    {
+        ensure_disconnected(_XPLATSTR("cannot set client config when the connection is not in the disconnected state. "));
+        m_signalr_client_config = config;
+    }
+
+    void connection_impl::set_reconnecting(const std::function<void()>& reconnecting)
+    {
+        ensure_disconnected(_XPLATSTR("cannot set the reconnecting callback when the connection is not in the disconnected state. "));
+        m_reconnecting = reconnecting;
+    }
+
+    void connection_impl::set_reconnected(const std::function<void()>& reconnected)
+    {
+        ensure_disconnected(_XPLATSTR("cannot set the reconnected callback when the connection is not in the disconnected state. "));
+        m_reconnected = reconnected;
+    }
+
+    void connection_impl::set_disconnected(const std::function<void()>& disconnected)
+    {
+        ensure_disconnected(_XPLATSTR("cannot set the disconnected callback when the connection is not in the disconnected state. "));
+        m_disconnected = disconnected;
+    }
+
+    void connection_impl::set_reconnect_delay(const int reconnect_delay)
+    {
+        ensure_disconnected(_XPLATSTR("cannot set reconnect delay when the connection is not in the disconnected state. "));
+        m_reconnect_delay = reconnect_delay;
+    }
+
+    void connection_impl::ensure_disconnected(const utility::string_t& error_message)
+    {
+        auto state = get_connection_state();
+        if (state != connection_state::disconnected)
+        {
+            throw signalr_exception(
+                error_message + _XPLATSTR("current connection state: ") + translate_connection_state(state));
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool connection_impl::change_state(connection_state old_state, connection_state new_state)
+    {
+        if (m_connection_state.compare_exchange_strong(old_state, new_state, std::memory_order_seq_cst))
+        {
+            handle_connection_state_change(old_state, new_state);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    connection_state connection_impl::change_state(connection_state new_state)
+    {
+        auto old_state = m_connection_state.exchange(new_state);
+        if (old_state != new_state)
+        {
+            handle_connection_state_change(old_state, new_state);
+        }
+
+        return old_state;
+    }
+
+    void connection_impl::handle_connection_state_change(connection_state old_state, connection_state new_state)
+    {
+        m_logger.log(
+            trace_level::state_changes,
+            translate_connection_state(old_state)
+            .append(_XPLATSTR(" -> "))
+            .append(translate_connection_state(new_state)));
+
+        // Words of wisdom (if we decide to add a state_changed callback and invoke it from here):
+        // "Be extra careful when you add this callback, because this is sometimes being called with the m_stop_lock.
+        // This could lead to interesting problems.For example, you could run into a segfault if the connection is
+        // stopped while / after transitioning into the connecting state."
+    }
+
+    utility::string_t connection_impl::translate_connection_state(connection_state state)
+    {
+        switch (state)
+        {
+        case connection_state::connecting:
+            return _XPLATSTR("connecting");
+        case connection_state::connected:
+            return _XPLATSTR("connected");
+        case connection_state::reconnecting:
+            return _XPLATSTR("reconnecting");
+        case connection_state::disconnecting:
+            return _XPLATSTR("disconnecting");
+        case connection_state::disconnected:
+            return _XPLATSTR("disconnected");
+        default:
+            _ASSERTE(false);
+            return _XPLATSTR("(unknown)");
+        }
+    }
+
+    namespace
+    {
+        // this is a workaround for the VS2013 compiler bug where mutable lambdas won't compile sometimes
+        static void log(const logger& logger, trace_level level, const utility::string_t& entry)
+        {
+            const_cast<signalr::logger &>(logger).log(level, entry);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/connection_impl.h b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/connection_impl.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8610a9f1d318
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/connection_impl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <mutex>
+#include "cpprest/http_client.h"
+#include "signalrclient/trace_level.h"
+#include "signalrclient/connection_state.h"
+#include "signalrclient/signalr_client_config.h"
+#include "web_request_factory.h"
+#include "transport_factory.h"
+#include "logger.h"
+#include "negotiation_response.h"
+#include "event.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    // Note:
+    // Factory methods and private constructors prevent from using this class incorrectly. Because this class
+    // derives from `std::enable_shared_from_this` the instance has to be owned by a `std::shared_ptr` whenever
+    // a member method calls `std::shared_from_this()` otherwise the behavior is undefined. Therefore constructors
+    // are private to disallow creating instances directly and factory methods return `std::shared_ptr<connection_impl>`.
+    class connection_impl : public std::enable_shared_from_this<connection_impl>
+    {
+    public:
+        static std::shared_ptr<connection_impl> create(const utility::string_t& url, const utility::string_t& query_string,
+            trace_level trace_level, const std::shared_ptr<log_writer>& log_writer);
+
+        static std::shared_ptr<connection_impl> create(const utility::string_t& url, const utility::string_t& query_string, trace_level trace_level,
+            const std::shared_ptr<log_writer>& log_writer, std::unique_ptr<web_request_factory> web_request_factory, std::unique_ptr<transport_factory> transport_factory);
+
+        connection_impl(const connection_impl&) = delete;
+
+        connection_impl& operator=(const connection_impl&) = delete;
+
+        ~connection_impl();
+
+        pplx::task<void> start();
+        pplx::task<void> send(const utility::string_t &data);
+        pplx::task<void> stop();
+
+        connection_state get_connection_state() const;
+        utility::string_t get_connection_id() const;
+
+        void set_message_received_string(const std::function<void(const utility::string_t&)>& message_received);
+        void set_message_received_json(const std::function<void(const web::json::value&)>& message_received);
+        void set_reconnecting(const std::function<void()>& reconnecting);
+        void set_reconnected(const std::function<void()>& reconnected);
+        void set_disconnected(const std::function<void()>& disconnected);
+        void set_client_config(const signalr_client_config& config);
+        void set_reconnect_delay(const int reconnect_delay /*milliseconds*/);
+
+        void set_connection_data(const utility::string_t& connection_data);
+
+    private:
+        web::uri m_base_url;
+        utility::string_t m_query_string;
+        std::atomic<connection_state> m_connection_state;
+        logger m_logger;
+        std::shared_ptr<transport> m_transport;
+        std::unique_ptr<web_request_factory> m_web_request_factory;
+        std::unique_ptr<transport_factory> m_transport_factory;
+
+        std::function<void(const web::json::value&)> m_message_received;
+        std::function<void()> m_reconnecting;
+        std::function<void()> m_reconnected;
+        std::function<void()> m_disconnected;
+        signalr_client_config m_signalr_client_config;
+
+        pplx::cancellation_token_source m_disconnect_cts;
+        std::mutex m_stop_lock;
+        event m_start_completed_event;
+        utility::string_t m_connection_id;
+        utility::string_t m_connection_data;
+        int m_reconnect_window; // in milliseconds
+        int m_reconnect_delay; // in milliseconds
+        utility::string_t m_message_id;
+        utility::string_t m_groups_token;
+        bool m_handshakeReceived;
+
+        connection_impl(const utility::string_t& url, const utility::string_t& query_string, trace_level trace_level, const std::shared_ptr<log_writer>& log_writer,
+            std::unique_ptr<web_request_factory> web_request_factory, std::unique_ptr<transport_factory> transport_factory);
+
+        pplx::task<std::shared_ptr<transport>> start_transport(negotiation_response negotiation_response);
+        pplx::task<void> send_connect_request(const std::shared_ptr<transport>& transport,
+            const pplx::task_completion_event<void>& connect_request_tce);
+
+        void process_response(const utility::string_t& response, const pplx::task_completion_event<void>& connect_request_tce);
+
+        pplx::task<void> shutdown();
+        void reconnect();
+        pplx::task<bool> try_reconnect(const web::uri& reconnect_url, const utility::datetime::interval_type reconnect_start_time,
+            int reconnect_window, int reconnect_delay, pplx::cancellation_token_source disconnect_cts);
+
+        bool change_state(connection_state old_state, connection_state new_state);
+        connection_state change_state(connection_state new_state);
+        void handle_connection_state_change(connection_state old_state, connection_state new_state);
+        void invoke_message_received(const web::json::value& message);
+
+        static utility::string_t translate_connection_state(connection_state state);
+        void ensure_disconnected(const utility::string_t& error_message);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/constants.h b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/constants.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..45c6494956e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/constants.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "cpprest/details/basic_types.h"
+
+#define SIGNALR_VERSION _XPLATSTR("0.1.0-alpha0")
+#define PROTOCOL _XPLATSTR("1.4")
+#define USER_AGENT _XPLATSTR("SignalR.Client.Cpp/") SIGNALR_VERSION
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/default_websocket_client.cpp b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/default_websocket_client.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d9a6d01e3569
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/default_websocket_client.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "default_websocket_client.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    namespace
+    {
+        static web::websockets::client::websocket_client_config create_client_config(const signalr_client_config& signalr_client_config)
+        {
+            auto websocket_client_config = signalr_client_config.get_websocket_client_config();
+            websocket_client_config.headers() = signalr_client_config.get_http_headers();
+
+            return websocket_client_config;
+        }
+    }
+
+    default_websocket_client::default_websocket_client(const signalr_client_config& signalr_client_config)
+        : m_underlying_client(create_client_config(signalr_client_config))
+    { }
+
+    pplx::task<void> default_websocket_client::connect(const web::uri &url)
+    {
+        return m_underlying_client.connect(url);
+    }
+
+    pplx::task<void> default_websocket_client::send(const utility::string_t &message)
+    {
+        web::websockets::client::websocket_outgoing_message msg;
+        msg.set_utf8_message(utility::conversions::to_utf8string(message));
+        return m_underlying_client.send(msg);
+    }
+
+    pplx::task<std::string> default_websocket_client::receive()
+    {
+        // the caller is responsible for observing exceptions
+        return m_underlying_client.receive()
+            .then([](web::websockets::client::websocket_incoming_message msg)
+            {
+                return msg.extract_string();
+            });
+    }
+
+    pplx::task<void> default_websocket_client::close()
+    {
+        return m_underlying_client.close();
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/default_websocket_client.h b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/default_websocket_client.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8303bf901a22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/default_websocket_client.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "cpprest/ws_client.h"
+#include "signalrclient/signalr_client_config.h"
+#include "websocket_client.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    class default_websocket_client : public websocket_client
+    {
+    public:
+        explicit default_websocket_client(const signalr_client_config& signalr_client_config = signalr_client_config{});
+
+        pplx::task<void> connect(const web::uri &url) override;
+
+        pplx::task<void> send(const utility::string_t &message) override;
+
+        pplx::task<std::string> receive() override;
+
+        pplx::task<void> close() override;
+
+    private:
+        web::websockets::client::websocket_client m_underlying_client;
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/event.h b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/event.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9a1fcd712207
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/event.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <mutex>
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    class event
+    {
+    private:
+        std::mutex m_lock;
+        std::condition_variable m_condition;
+        bool m_signaled;
+    public:
+
+        static const unsigned int timeout_infinite = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+
+        event()
+            : m_signaled(false)
+        {
+        }
+
+        void set()
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_lock);
+            m_signaled = true;
+            m_condition.notify_all();
+        }
+
+        void reset()
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_lock);
+            m_signaled = false;
+        }
+
+        unsigned int wait(unsigned int timeout)
+        {
+            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(m_lock);
+            if (timeout == event::timeout_infinite)
+            {
+                m_condition.wait(lock, [this]() { return m_signaled; });
+                return 0;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                std::chrono::milliseconds period(timeout);
+                auto status = m_condition.wait_for(lock, period, [this]() { return m_signaled; });
+                assert(status == m_signaled);
+                // Return 0 if the wait completed as a result of signaling the event. Otherwise, return timeout_infinite
+                return status ? 0 : event::timeout_infinite;
+            }
+        }
+
+        unsigned int wait()
+        {
+            return wait(event::timeout_infinite);
+        }
+    };
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/http_sender.cpp b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/http_sender.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3188d70fd819
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/http_sender.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "signalrclient/web_exception.h"
+#include "web_request_factory.h"
+#include "constants.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    namespace http_sender
+    {
+        pplx::task<utility::string_t> get(web_request_factory& request_factory, const web::uri& url,
+            const signalr_client_config& signalr_client_config)
+        {
+            auto request = request_factory.create_web_request(url);
+            request->set_method(web::http::methods::GET);
+
+            request->set_user_agent(USER_AGENT);
+            request->set_client_config(signalr_client_config);
+
+            return request->get_response().then([](web_response response)
+            {
+                if (response.status_code != 200)
+                {
+                    utility::ostringstream_t oss;
+                    oss << _XPLATSTR("web exception - ") << response.status_code << _XPLATSTR(" ") << response.reason_phrase;
+                    throw web_exception(oss.str(), response.status_code);
+                }
+
+                return response.body;
+            });
+        }
+
+        pplx::task<utility::string_t> post(web_request_factory& request_factory, const web::uri& url,
+            const signalr_client_config& signalr_client_config)
+        {
+            auto request = request_factory.create_web_request(url);
+            request->set_method(web::http::methods::POST);
+
+            request->set_user_agent(USER_AGENT);
+            request->set_client_config(signalr_client_config);
+
+            return request->get_response().then([](web_response response)
+            {
+                if (response.status_code != 200)
+                {
+                    utility::ostringstream_t oss;
+                    oss << _XPLATSTR("web exception - ") << response.status_code << _XPLATSTR(" ") << response.reason_phrase;
+                    throw web_exception(oss.str(), response.status_code);
+                }
+
+                return response.body;
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/http_sender.h b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/http_sender.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fc3f30598c2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/http_sender.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pplx/pplxtasks.h"
+#include "cpprest/details/basic_types.h"
+#include "signalrclient/signalr_client_config.h"
+#include "web_request_factory.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    namespace http_sender
+    {
+        pplx::task<utility::string_t> get(web_request_factory& request_factory, const web::uri& url,
+            const signalr_client_config& client_config = signalr_client_config{});
+
+        pplx::task<utility::string_t> post(web_request_factory& request_factory, const web::uri& url,
+            const signalr_client_config& client_config = signalr_client_config{});
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/hub_connection.cpp b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/hub_connection.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b3a048b51763
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/hub_connection.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "signalrclient/hub_connection.h"
+#include "hub_connection_impl.h"
+#include "signalrclient/signalr_exception.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    hub_connection::hub_connection(const utility::string_t& url, const utility::string_t& query_string,
+        trace_level trace_level, std::shared_ptr<log_writer> log_writer, bool use_default_url)
+        : m_pImpl(hub_connection_impl::create(url, query_string, trace_level, std::move(log_writer), use_default_url))
+    {}
+
+    // Do NOT remove this destructor. Letting the compiler generate and inline the default dtor may lead to
+    // undefinded behavior since we are using an incomplete type. More details here:  http://herbsutter.com/gotw/_100/
+    hub_connection::~hub_connection() = default;
+
+    pplx::task<void> hub_connection::start()
+    {
+        return m_pImpl->start();
+    }
+
+    pplx::task<void> hub_connection::stop()
+    {
+        return m_pImpl->stop();
+    }
+
+    void hub_connection::on(const utility::string_t& event_name, const method_invoked_handler& handler)
+    {
+        if (!m_pImpl)
+        {
+            throw signalr_exception(_XPLATSTR("on() cannot be called on uninitialized hub_connection instance"));
+        }
+
+        return m_pImpl->on(event_name, handler);
+    }
+
+    pplx::task<web::json::value> hub_connection::invoke_json(const utility::string_t& method_name, const web::json::value& arguments)
+    {
+        if (!m_pImpl)
+        {
+            throw signalr_exception(_XPLATSTR("invoke() cannot be called on uninitialized hub_proxy instance"));
+        }
+
+        return m_pImpl->invoke_json(method_name, arguments);
+    }
+
+    pplx::task<void> hub_connection::invoke_void(const utility::string_t& method_name, const web::json::value& arguments)
+    {
+        if (!m_pImpl)
+        {
+            throw signalr_exception(_XPLATSTR("invoke() cannot be called on uninitialized hub_proxy instance"));
+        }
+
+        return m_pImpl->invoke_void(method_name, arguments);
+    }
+
+    connection_state hub_connection::get_connection_state() const
+    {
+        return m_pImpl->get_connection_state();
+    }
+
+    utility::string_t hub_connection::get_connection_id() const
+    {
+        return m_pImpl->get_connection_id();
+    }
+
+    void hub_connection::set_reconnecting(const std::function<void()>& reconnecting_callback)
+    {
+        m_pImpl->set_reconnecting(reconnecting_callback);
+    }
+
+    void hub_connection::set_reconnected(const std::function<void()>& reconnected_callback)
+    {
+        m_pImpl->set_reconnected(reconnected_callback);
+    }
+
+    void hub_connection::set_disconnected(const std::function<void()>& disconnected_callback)
+    {
+        m_pImpl->set_disconnected(disconnected_callback);
+    }
+
+    void hub_connection::set_client_config(const signalr_client_config& config)
+    {
+        m_pImpl->set_client_config(config);
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/hub_connection_impl.cpp b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/hub_connection_impl.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8500c786636a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/hub_connection_impl.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "hub_connection_impl.h"
+#include "signalrclient/hub_exception.h"
+#include "trace_log_writer.h"
+#include "make_unique.h"
+#include "signalrclient/signalr_exception.h"
+
+using namespace web;
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    // unnamed namespace makes it invisble outside this translation unit
+    namespace
+    {
+        static std::function<void(const json::value&)> create_hub_invocation_callback(const logger& logger,
+            const std::function<void(const json::value&)>& set_result,
+            const std::function<void(const std::exception_ptr e)>& set_exception);
+
+        static utility::string_t adapt_url(const utility::string_t& url, bool use_default_url);
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<hub_connection_impl> hub_connection_impl::create(const utility::string_t& url, const utility::string_t& query_string,
+        trace_level trace_level, const std::shared_ptr<log_writer>& log_writer, bool use_default_url)
+    {
+        return hub_connection_impl::create(url, query_string, trace_level, log_writer, use_default_url,
+            std::make_unique<web_request_factory>(), std::make_unique<transport_factory>());
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<hub_connection_impl> hub_connection_impl::create(const utility::string_t& url, const utility::string_t& query_string,
+        trace_level trace_level, const std::shared_ptr<log_writer>& log_writer, bool use_default_url,
+        std::unique_ptr<web_request_factory> web_request_factory, std::unique_ptr<transport_factory> transport_factory)
+    {
+        auto connection = std::shared_ptr<hub_connection_impl>(new hub_connection_impl(url, query_string, trace_level,
+            log_writer ? log_writer : std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>(), use_default_url,
+            std::move(web_request_factory), std::move(transport_factory)));
+
+        connection->initialize();
+
+        return connection;
+    }
+
+    hub_connection_impl::hub_connection_impl(const utility::string_t& url, const utility::string_t& query_string, trace_level trace_level,
+        const std::shared_ptr<log_writer>& log_writer, bool use_default_url, std::unique_ptr<web_request_factory> web_request_factory,
+        std::unique_ptr<transport_factory> transport_factory)
+        : m_connection(connection_impl::create(adapt_url(url, use_default_url), query_string, trace_level, log_writer,
+        std::move(web_request_factory), std::move(transport_factory))),m_logger(log_writer, trace_level),
+        m_callback_manager(json::value::parse(_XPLATSTR("{ \"E\" : \"connection went out of scope before invocation result was received\"}")))
+    { }
+
+    void hub_connection_impl::initialize()
+    {
+        auto this_hub_connection = shared_from_this();
+
+        // weak_ptr prevents a circular dependency leading to memory leak and other problems
+        auto weak_hub_connection = std::weak_ptr<hub_connection_impl>(this_hub_connection);
+
+        m_connection->set_message_received_json([weak_hub_connection](const web::json::value& message)
+        {
+            auto connection = weak_hub_connection.lock();
+            if (connection)
+            {
+                connection->process_message(message);
+            }
+        });
+
+        set_reconnecting([](){});
+    }
+
+    void hub_connection_impl::on(const utility::string_t& event_name, const std::function<void(const json::value &)>& handler)
+    {
+        if (event_name.length() == 0)
+        {
+            throw std::invalid_argument("event_name cannot be empty");
+        }
+
+        auto weak_connection = std::weak_ptr<hub_connection_impl>(shared_from_this());
+        auto connection = weak_connection.lock();
+        if (connection && connection->get_connection_state() != connection_state::disconnected)
+        {
+            throw signalr_exception(_XPLATSTR("can't register a handler if the connection is in a disconnected state"));
+        }
+
+        if (m_subscriptions.find(event_name) != m_subscriptions.end())
+        {
+            throw signalr_exception(
+                _XPLATSTR("an action for this event has already been registered. event name: ") + event_name);
+        }
+
+        m_subscriptions.insert(std::pair<utility::string_t, std::function<void(const json::value &)>> {event_name, handler});
+    }
+
+    pplx::task<void> hub_connection_impl::start()
+    {
+        return m_connection->start();
+    }
+
+    pplx::task<void> hub_connection_impl::stop()
+    {
+        m_callback_manager.clear(json::value::parse(_XPLATSTR("{ \"E\" : \"connection was stopped before invocation result was received\"}")));
+        return m_connection->stop();
+    }
+
+    void hub_connection_impl::process_message(const web::json::value& message)
+    {
+        auto type = message.at(_XPLATSTR("type")).as_integer();
+        if (type == 3)
+        {
+            if (invoke_callback(message))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (type == 1)
+        {
+            auto method = message.at(_XPLATSTR("target")).as_string();
+            auto event = m_subscriptions.find(method);
+            if (event != m_subscriptions.end())
+            {
+                event->second(message.at(_XPLATSTR("arguments")));
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        m_logger.log(trace_level::info, utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("non-hub message received and will be discarded. message: "))
+            .append(message.serialize()));
+    }
+
+    bool hub_connection_impl::invoke_callback(const web::json::value& message)
+    {
+        auto id = message.at(_XPLATSTR("invocationId")).as_string();
+        if (!m_callback_manager.invoke_callback(id, message, true))
+        {
+            m_logger.log(trace_level::info, utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("no callback found for id: ")).append(id));
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    pplx::task<json::value> hub_connection_impl::invoke_json(const utility::string_t& method_name, const json::value& arguments)
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(arguments.is_array());
+
+        pplx::task_completion_event<json::value> tce;
+
+        const auto callback_id = m_callback_manager.register_callback(
+            create_hub_invocation_callback(m_logger, [tce](const json::value& result) { tce.set(result); },
+                [tce](const std::exception_ptr e) { tce.set_exception(e); }));
+
+        invoke_hub_method(method_name, arguments, callback_id, nullptr,
+            [tce](const std::exception_ptr e){tce.set_exception(e); });
+
+        return pplx::create_task(tce);
+    }
+
+    pplx::task<void> hub_connection_impl::invoke_void(const utility::string_t& method_name, const json::value& arguments)
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(arguments.is_array());
+
+        pplx::task_completion_event<void> tce;
+
+        invoke_hub_method(method_name, arguments, _XPLATSTR(""),
+            [tce]() { tce.set(); },
+            [tce](const std::exception_ptr e){ tce.set_exception(e); });
+
+        return pplx::create_task(tce);
+    }
+
+    void hub_connection_impl::invoke_hub_method(const utility::string_t& method_name, const json::value& arguments,
+        const utility::string_t& callback_id, std::function<void()> set_completion, std::function<void(const std::exception_ptr)> set_exception)
+    {
+        json::value request;
+        request[_XPLATSTR("type")] = json::value::value(1);
+        if (!callback_id.empty())
+        {
+            request[_XPLATSTR("invocationId")] = json::value::string(callback_id);
+        }
+        request[_XPLATSTR("target")] = json::value::string(method_name);
+        request[_XPLATSTR("arguments")] = arguments;
+
+        auto this_hub_connection = shared_from_this();
+
+        // weak_ptr prevents a circular dependency leading to memory leak and other problems
+        auto weak_hub_connection = std::weak_ptr<hub_connection_impl>(this_hub_connection);
+
+        m_connection->send(request.serialize() + _XPLATSTR('\x1e'))
+            .then([set_completion, set_exception, weak_hub_connection, callback_id](pplx::task<void> send_task)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    send_task.get();
+                    if (callback_id.empty())
+                    {
+                        // complete nonBlocking call
+                        set_completion();
+                    }
+                }
+                catch (const std::exception&)
+                {
+                    set_exception(std::current_exception());
+                    auto hub_connection = weak_hub_connection.lock();
+                    if (hub_connection)
+                    {
+                        hub_connection->m_callback_manager.remove_callback(callback_id);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+    }
+
+    connection_state hub_connection_impl::get_connection_state() const
+    {
+        return m_connection->get_connection_state();
+    }
+
+    utility::string_t hub_connection_impl::get_connection_id() const
+    {
+        return m_connection->get_connection_id();
+    }
+
+    void hub_connection_impl::set_client_config(const signalr_client_config& config)
+    {
+        m_connection->set_client_config(config);
+    }
+
+    void hub_connection_impl::set_reconnecting(const std::function<void()>& reconnecting)
+    {
+        // weak_ptr prevents a circular dependency leading to memory leak and other problems
+        auto weak_hub_connection = std::weak_ptr<hub_connection_impl>(shared_from_this());
+
+        m_connection->set_reconnecting([weak_hub_connection, reconnecting]()
+        {
+            auto hub_connection = weak_hub_connection.lock();
+            if (hub_connection)
+            {
+                hub_connection->m_callback_manager.clear(
+                    json::value::parse(_XPLATSTR("{ \"E\" : \"connection has been lost\"}")));
+            }
+
+            reconnecting();
+        });
+    }
+
+    void hub_connection_impl::set_reconnected(const std::function<void()>& reconnected)
+    {
+        m_connection->set_reconnected(reconnected);
+    }
+
+    void hub_connection_impl::set_disconnected(const std::function<void()>& disconnected)
+    {
+        m_connection->set_disconnected(disconnected);
+    }
+
+    // unnamed namespace makes it invisble outside this translation unit
+    namespace
+    {
+        static std::function<void(const json::value&)> create_hub_invocation_callback(const logger& logger,
+            const std::function<void(const json::value&)>& set_result,
+            const std::function<void(const std::exception_ptr)>& set_exception)
+        {
+            return [logger, set_result, set_exception](const json::value& message)
+            {
+                if (message.has_field(_XPLATSTR("result")))
+                {
+                    set_result(message.at(_XPLATSTR("result")));
+                }
+                else if (message.has_field(_XPLATSTR("error")))
+                {
+                    set_exception(
+                        std::make_exception_ptr(
+                            signalr_exception(message.at(_XPLATSTR("error")).serialize())));
+                }
+
+                set_result(json::value::null());
+            };
+        }
+
+        static utility::string_t adapt_url(const utility::string_t& url, bool use_default_url)
+        {
+            if (use_default_url)
+            {
+                auto new_url = url;
+                if (new_url.back() != _XPLATSTR('/'))
+                {
+                    new_url.append(_XPLATSTR("/"));
+                }
+
+                return new_url;
+            }
+
+            return url;
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/hub_connection_impl.h b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/hub_connection_impl.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..57a04adc2978
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/hub_connection_impl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include "cpprest/details/basic_types.h"
+#include "connection_impl.h"
+#include "callback_manager.h"
+#include "case_insensitive_comparison_utils.h"
+
+using namespace web;
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    // Note:
+    // Factory methods and private constructors prevent from using this class incorrectly. Because this class
+    // derives from `std::enable_shared_from_this` the instance has to be owned by a `std::shared_ptr` whenever
+    // a member method calls `std::shared_from_this()` otherwise the behavior is undefined. Therefore constructors
+    // are private to disallow creating instances directly and factory methods return `std::shared_ptr<connection_impl>`.
+    class hub_connection_impl : public std::enable_shared_from_this<hub_connection_impl>
+    {
+    public:
+        static std::shared_ptr<hub_connection_impl> create(const utility::string_t& url, const utility::string_t& query_string,
+            trace_level trace_level, const std::shared_ptr<log_writer>& log_writer, bool use_default_url);
+
+        static std::shared_ptr<hub_connection_impl> create(const utility::string_t& url, const utility::string_t& query_string,
+            trace_level trace_level, const std::shared_ptr<log_writer>& log_writer, bool use_default_url,
+            std::unique_ptr<web_request_factory> web_request_factory, std::unique_ptr<transport_factory> transport_factory);
+
+        hub_connection_impl(const hub_connection_impl&) = delete;
+        hub_connection_impl& operator=(const hub_connection_impl&) = delete;
+
+        void on(const utility::string_t& event_name, const std::function<void(const json::value &)>& handler);
+
+        pplx::task<json::value> invoke_json(const utility::string_t& method_name, const json::value& arguments);
+        pplx::task<void> invoke_void(const utility::string_t& method_name, const json::value& arguments);
+
+        pplx::task<void> start();
+        pplx::task<void> stop();
+
+        connection_state get_connection_state() const;
+        utility::string_t get_connection_id() const;
+
+        void set_client_config(const signalr_client_config& config);
+        void set_reconnecting(const std::function<void()>& reconnecting);
+        void set_reconnected(const std::function<void()>& reconnected);
+        void set_disconnected(const std::function<void()>& disconnected);
+
+    private:
+        hub_connection_impl(const utility::string_t& url, const utility::string_t& query_string, trace_level trace_level,
+            const std::shared_ptr<log_writer>& log_writer, bool use_default_url,
+            std::unique_ptr<web_request_factory> web_request_factory, std::unique_ptr<transport_factory> transport_factory);
+
+        std::shared_ptr<connection_impl> m_connection;
+        logger m_logger;
+        callback_manager m_callback_manager;
+        std::unordered_map<utility::string_t, std::function<void(const json::value &)>, case_insensitive_hash, case_insensitive_equals> m_subscriptions;
+
+        void initialize();
+
+        void process_message(const web::json::value& message);
+
+        void invoke_hub_method(const utility::string_t& method_name, const json::value& arguments, const utility::string_t& callback_id,
+            std::function<void()> set_completion, std::function<void(const std::exception_ptr)> set_exception);
+        bool invoke_callback(const web::json::value& message);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/logger.cpp b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/logger.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bd7fa2e40014
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/logger.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "logger.h"
+#include "cpprest/asyncrt_utils.h"
+#include <iomanip>
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    logger::logger(const std::shared_ptr<log_writer>& log_writer, trace_level trace_level)
+        : m_log_writer(log_writer), m_trace_level(trace_level)
+    { }
+
+    void logger::log(trace_level level, const utility::string_t& entry)
+    {
+        if ((level & m_trace_level) != trace_level::none)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                utility::ostringstream_t os;
+                os << utility::datetime::utc_now().to_string(utility::datetime::date_format::ISO_8601) << _XPLATSTR(" [")
+                    << std::left << std::setw(12) << translate_trace_level(level) << "] "<< entry << std::endl;
+                m_log_writer->write(os.str());
+            }
+            catch (const std::exception &e)
+            {
+                ucerr << _XPLATSTR("error occurred when logging: ") << utility::conversions::to_string_t(e.what())
+                    << std::endl << _XPLATSTR("    entry: ") << entry << std::endl;
+            }
+            catch (...)
+            {
+                ucerr << _XPLATSTR("unknown error occurred when logging") << std::endl << _XPLATSTR("    entry: ") << entry << std::endl;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    utility::string_t logger::translate_trace_level(trace_level trace_level)
+    {
+        switch (trace_level)
+        {
+        case signalr::trace_level::messages:
+            return _XPLATSTR("message");
+        case signalr::trace_level::state_changes:
+            return _XPLATSTR("state change");
+        case signalr::trace_level::events:
+            return _XPLATSTR("event");
+        case signalr::trace_level::errors:
+            return _XPLATSTR("error");
+        case signalr::trace_level::info:
+            return _XPLATSTR("info");
+        default:
+            _ASSERTE(false);
+            return _XPLATSTR("(unknown)");
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/logger.h b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/logger.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..686eacde80e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/logger.h
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include "signalrclient/trace_level.h"
+#include "signalrclient/log_writer.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    class logger
+    {
+    public:
+        logger(const std::shared_ptr<log_writer>& log_writer, trace_level trace_level);
+
+        void log(trace_level level, const utility::string_t& entry);
+
+    private:
+        std::shared_ptr<log_writer> m_log_writer;
+        trace_level m_trace_level;
+
+        static utility::string_t translate_trace_level(trace_level trace_level);
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/make_unique.h b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/make_unique.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2e8df5cfd8cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/make_unique.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#if defined (__GNUC__)
+
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace std
+{
+    template<typename T, typename... Args>
+    std::unique_ptr<T> make_unique(Args&&... args)
+    {
+        return std::unique_ptr<T>(new T(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+    }
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/negotiation_response.cpp b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/negotiation_response.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e69de29bb2d1
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/negotiation_response.h b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/negotiation_response.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..076d8b648e6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/negotiation_response.h
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "cpprest/details/basic_types.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    struct negotiation_response
+    {
+        utility::string_t connection_id;
+        web::json::value availableTransports;
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/request_sender.cpp b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/request_sender.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..49db20bf0123
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/request_sender.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "request_sender.h"
+#include "http_sender.h"
+#include "url_builder.h"
+#include "signalrclient/signalr_exception.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    namespace request_sender
+    {
+        pplx::task<negotiation_response> negotiate(web_request_factory& request_factory, const web::uri& base_url,
+            const utility::string_t& query_string, const signalr_client_config& signalr_client_config)
+        {
+            auto negotiate_url = url_builder::build_negotiate(base_url, query_string);
+
+            return http_sender::post(request_factory, negotiate_url, signalr_client_config)
+                .then([](utility::string_t body)
+            {
+                auto negotiation_response_json = web::json::value::parse(body);
+                negotiation_response response
+                {
+                    negotiation_response_json[_XPLATSTR("connectionId")].as_string(),
+                    negotiation_response_json[_XPLATSTR("availableTransports")],
+                };
+
+                return response;
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/request_sender.h b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/request_sender.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..08d526d648d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/request_sender.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "cpprest/base_uri.h"
+#include "signalrclient/signalr_client_config.h"
+#include "signalrclient/transport_type.h"
+#include "web_request_factory.h"
+#include "negotiation_response.h"
+
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    namespace request_sender
+    {
+        pplx::task<negotiation_response> negotiate(web_request_factory& request_factory, const web::uri &base_url,
+            const utility::string_t& query_string, const signalr_client_config& signalr_client_config = signalr::signalr_client_config{});
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/signalr_client_config.cpp b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/signalr_client_config.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..523ba5671eea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/signalr_client_config.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "signalrclient/signalr_client_config.h"
+#include "cpprest/http_client.h"
+#include "cpprest/ws_client.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    void signalr_client_config::set_proxy(const web::web_proxy &proxy)
+    {
+        m_http_client_config.set_proxy(proxy);
+        m_websocket_client_config.set_proxy(proxy);
+    }
+
+    void signalr_client_config::set_credentials(const web::credentials &credentials)
+    {
+        m_http_client_config.set_credentials(credentials);
+        m_websocket_client_config.set_credentials(credentials);
+    }
+
+    web::http::client::http_client_config signalr_client_config::get_http_client_config() const
+    {
+        return m_http_client_config;
+    }
+
+    void signalr_client_config::set_http_client_config(const web::http::client::http_client_config& http_client_config)
+    {
+        m_http_client_config = http_client_config;
+    }
+
+    web::websockets::client::websocket_client_config signalr_client_config::get_websocket_client_config() const
+    {
+        return m_websocket_client_config;
+    }
+
+    void signalr_client_config::set_websocket_client_config(const web::websockets::client::websocket_client_config& websocket_client_config)
+    {
+        m_websocket_client_config = websocket_client_config;
+    }
+
+    web::http::http_headers signalr_client_config::get_http_headers() const
+    {
+        return m_http_headers;
+    }
+
+    void signalr_client_config::set_http_headers(const web::http::http_headers& http_headers)
+    {
+        m_http_headers = http_headers;
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/stdafx.cpp b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/stdafx.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4ddb0135bdeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/stdafx.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/stdafx.h b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/stdafx.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e53577816494
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/stdafx.h
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef _WIN32 // used in the default log writer and to build the dll
+
+// prevents from defining min/max macros that conflict with std::min()/std::max() functions
+#define NOMINMAX
+
+#include <SDKDDKVer.h>
+
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#endif
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include "cpprest/details/basic_types.h"
+#include "cpprest/json.h"
+#include "pplx/pplxtasks.h"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/trace_log_writer.cpp b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/trace_log_writer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..642ce6b936d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/trace_log_writer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "trace_log_writer.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    void trace_log_writer::write(const utility::string_t &entry)
+    {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        // OutputDebugString is thread safe
+        OutputDebugString(entry.c_str());
+#else
+        // Note: there is no data race for standard output streams in C++ 11 but the results
+        // might be garbled when the method is called concurrently from multiple threads
+#ifdef _UTF16_STRINGS
+        std::wclog << entry;
+#else
+        std::clog << entry;
+#endif  // _UTF16_STRINGS
+
+#endif  // _MS_WINDOWS
+    }
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/trace_log_writer.h b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/trace_log_writer.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e5894bfe1c4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/trace_log_writer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "signalrclient/log_writer.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    class trace_log_writer : public log_writer
+    {
+    public:
+        void __cdecl write(const utility::string_t &entry) override;
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/transport.cpp b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/transport.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a3304f70cd71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/transport.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+#include "connection_impl.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    transport::transport(const logger& logger, const std::function<void(const utility::string_t&)>& process_response_callback,
+        std::function<void(const std::exception&)> error_callback)
+        : m_logger(logger), m_process_response_callback(process_response_callback), m_error_callback(error_callback)
+    {}
+
+    // Do NOT remove this destructor. Letting the compiler generate and inline the default dtor may lead to
+    // undefinded behavior since we are using an incomplete type. More details here:  http://herbsutter.com/gotw/_100/
+    transport::~transport()
+    { }
+
+    void transport::process_response(const utility::string_t &message)
+    {
+        m_process_response_callback(message);
+    }
+
+    void transport::error(const std::exception& e)
+    {
+        m_error_callback(e);
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/transport.h b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/transport.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0b4eb4cde8f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/transport.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pplx/pplxtasks.h"
+#include "cpprest/base_uri.h"
+#include "signalrclient/transport_type.h"
+#include "logger.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    class transport
+    {
+    public:
+        virtual pplx::task<void> connect(const web::uri &url) = 0;
+
+        virtual pplx::task<void> send(const utility::string_t &data) = 0;
+
+        virtual pplx::task<void> disconnect() = 0;
+
+        virtual transport_type get_transport_type() const = 0;
+
+        virtual ~transport();
+
+    protected:
+        transport(const logger& logger, const std::function<void(const utility::string_t &)>& process_response_callback,
+            std::function<void(const std::exception&)> error_callback);
+
+        void process_response(const utility::string_t &message);
+        void error(const std::exception &e);
+
+        logger m_logger;
+
+    private:
+        std::function<void(const utility::string_t &)> m_process_response_callback;
+
+        std::function<void(const std::exception&)> m_error_callback;
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/transport_factory.cpp b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/transport_factory.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c3c5e0fb9c8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/transport_factory.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "transport_factory.h"
+#include "websocket_transport.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    std::shared_ptr<transport> transport_factory::create_transport(transport_type transport_type, const logger& logger,
+        const signalr_client_config& signalr_client_config,
+        std::function<void(const utility::string_t&)> process_response_callback,
+        std::function<void(const std::exception&)> error_callback)
+    {
+        if (transport_type == signalr::transport_type::websockets)
+        {
+            return websocket_transport::create(
+                [signalr_client_config](){ return std::make_shared<default_websocket_client>(signalr_client_config); },
+                logger, process_response_callback, error_callback);
+        }
+
+        throw std::runtime_error("not implemented");
+    }
+
+    transport_factory::~transport_factory()
+    { }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/transport_factory.h b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/transport_factory.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..835401f90d5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/transport_factory.h
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include "signalrclient/signalr_client_config.h"
+#include "signalrclient/transport_type.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    class transport_factory
+    {
+    public:
+        virtual std::shared_ptr<transport> create_transport(transport_type transport_type, const logger& logger,
+            const signalr_client_config& signalr_client_config,
+            std::function<void(const utility::string_t&)> process_response_callback,
+            std::function<void(const std::exception&)> error_callback);
+
+        virtual ~transport_factory();
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/url_builder.cpp b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/url_builder.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..697727824577
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/url_builder.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "constants.h"
+#include "cpprest/http_client.h"
+#include "signalrclient/transport_type.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    namespace url_builder
+    {
+        utility::string_t get_transport_name(transport_type transport)
+        {
+            _ASSERTE(transport == transport_type::websockets || transport == transport_type::long_polling);
+
+            return transport == transport_type::websockets
+                ? _XPLATSTR("webSockets")
+                : _XPLATSTR("longPolling");
+        }
+
+        void append_transport(web::uri_builder &builder, transport_type transport)
+        {
+            if (transport > static_cast<transport_type>(-1))
+            {
+                builder.append_query(_XPLATSTR("transport"), get_transport_name(transport));
+            }
+        }
+
+        void append_connection_token(web::uri_builder &builder, const utility::string_t &connection_token)
+        {
+            if (connection_token.length() > 0)
+            {
+                builder.append_query(_XPLATSTR("connectionToken"), connection_token, /* do_encoding */ true);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void append_connection_data(web::uri_builder& builder, const utility::string_t& connection_data)
+        {
+            if (connection_data.length() > 0)
+            {
+                builder.append_query(_XPLATSTR("connectionData"), connection_data, /* do_encoding */ true);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void append_message_id(web::uri_builder& builder, const utility::string_t& message_id)
+        {
+            if (message_id.length() > 0)
+            {
+                builder.append_query(_XPLATSTR("messageId"), message_id, /* do_encoding */ true);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void append_groups_token(web::uri_builder& builder, const utility::string_t& groups_token)
+        {
+            if (groups_token.length() > 0)
+            {
+                builder.append_query(_XPLATSTR("groupsToken"), groups_token, /* do_encoding */ true);
+            }
+        }
+
+        web::uri_builder &convert_to_websocket_url(web::uri_builder &builder, transport_type transport)
+        {
+            if (transport == transport_type::websockets)
+            {
+                if (builder.scheme() == _XPLATSTR("https"))
+                {
+                    builder.set_scheme(utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("wss")));
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    builder.set_scheme(utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("ws")));
+                }
+            }
+
+            return builder;
+        }
+
+        web::uri_builder build_uri(const web::uri& base_url, const utility::string_t& command, transport_type transport,
+            const utility::string_t& connection_data, const utility::string_t& query_string,
+            const utility::string_t& last_message_id = _XPLATSTR(""), const utility::string_t& groups_token = _XPLATSTR(""))
+        {
+            _ASSERTE(command == _XPLATSTR("reconnect") || (last_message_id.length() == 0 && groups_token.length() == 0));
+
+            web::uri_builder builder(base_url);
+            builder.append_path(command);
+            append_transport(builder, transport);
+            builder.append_query(_XPLATSTR("clientProtocol"), PROTOCOL);
+            //append_connection_token(builder, connection_token);
+            append_connection_data(builder, connection_data);
+            append_message_id(builder, last_message_id);
+            append_groups_token(builder, groups_token);
+            return builder.append_query(query_string);
+        }
+
+        web::uri_builder build_uri(const web::uri& base_url, const utility::string_t& command, const utility::string_t& query_string)
+        {
+            web::uri_builder builder(base_url);
+            builder.append_path(command);
+            return builder.append_query(query_string);
+        }
+
+        web::uri build_negotiate(const web::uri& base_url, const utility::string_t& query_string)
+        {
+            return build_uri(base_url, _XPLATSTR("negotiate"), query_string).to_uri();
+        }
+
+        web::uri build_connect(const web::uri& base_url, transport_type transport, const utility::string_t& query_string)
+        {
+            auto builder = build_uri(base_url, _XPLATSTR(""), query_string);
+            return convert_to_websocket_url(builder, transport).to_uri();
+            //auto builder = build_uri(base_url, _XPLATSTR("connect"), transport, connection_data, query_string);
+            //return convert_to_websocket_url(builder, transport).to_uri();
+        }
+
+        web::uri build_reconnect(const web::uri& base_url, transport_type transport, const utility::string_t& last_message_id, const utility::string_t& groups_token,
+            const utility::string_t& query_string)
+        {
+            auto builder = build_uri(base_url, _XPLATSTR("reconnect"), transport, query_string, last_message_id, groups_token);
+            return convert_to_websocket_url(builder, transport).to_uri();
+        }
+
+        web::uri build_start(const web::uri &base_url, const utility::string_t &query_string)
+        {
+            return build_uri(base_url, _XPLATSTR(""), query_string).to_uri();
+        }
+
+        web::uri build_abort(const web::uri &base_url, transport_type transport,
+            const utility::string_t& connection_data, const utility::string_t &query_string)
+        {
+            return build_uri(base_url, _XPLATSTR("abort"), transport, connection_data, query_string).to_uri();
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/url_builder.h b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/url_builder.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f8123d2a1e98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/url_builder.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "cpprest/http_client.h"
+#include "signalrclient/transport_type.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    namespace url_builder
+    {
+        web::uri build_negotiate(const web::uri& base_url, const utility::string_t& query_string);
+        web::uri build_connect(const web::uri& base_url, transport_type transport, const utility::string_t& query_string);
+        web::uri build_reconnect(const web::uri& base_url, transport_type transport, const utility::string_t& last_message_id,
+            const utility::string_t& groups_token, const utility::string_t& query_string);
+        web::uri build_start(const web::uri& base_url, const utility::string_t& query_string);
+        web::uri build_abort(const web::uri &base_url, transport_type transport,
+            const utility::string_t& connection_data, const utility::string_t& query_string);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/web_request.cpp b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/web_request.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5870b3f47bfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/web_request.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "cpprest/http_client.h"
+#include "web_request.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    web_request::web_request(const web::uri &url)
+        : m_url(url)
+    { }
+
+    void web_request::set_method(const utility::string_t &method)
+    {
+        m_request.set_method(method);
+    }
+
+    void web_request::set_user_agent(const utility::string_t &user_agent_string)
+    {
+        m_user_agent_string = user_agent_string;
+    }
+
+    void web_request::set_client_config(const signalr_client_config& signalr_client_config)
+    {
+        m_signalr_client_config = signalr_client_config;
+    }
+
+    pplx::task<web_response> web_request::get_response()
+    {
+        web::http::client::http_client client(m_url, m_signalr_client_config.get_http_client_config());
+
+        m_request.headers() = m_signalr_client_config.get_http_headers();
+        if (!m_user_agent_string.empty())
+        {
+            m_request.headers()[_XPLATSTR("User-Agent")] = m_user_agent_string;
+        }
+
+        return client.request(m_request)
+            .then([](web::http::http_response response)
+        {
+            return web_response
+            {
+                response.status_code(),
+                response.reason_phrase(),
+                response.extract_string()
+            };
+        });
+    }
+
+    web_request::~web_request() = default;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/web_request.h b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/web_request.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0a6123c9c50e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/web_request.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "web_response.h"
+#include "signalrclient/signalr_client_config.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    class web_request
+    {
+    public:
+        explicit web_request(const web::uri &url);
+
+        virtual void set_method(const utility::string_t &method);
+        virtual void set_user_agent(const utility::string_t &user_agent_string);
+        virtual void set_client_config(const signalr_client_config& signalr_client_config);
+
+        virtual pplx::task<web_response> get_response();
+
+        web_request& operator=(const web_request&) = delete;
+
+        virtual ~web_request();
+
+    private:
+        const web::uri m_url;
+        web::http::http_request m_request;
+        utility::string_t m_user_agent_string;
+        signalr_client_config m_signalr_client_config;
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/web_request_factory.cpp b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/web_request_factory.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4c6a7dcdc02b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/web_request_factory.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "web_request_factory.h"
+#include "make_unique.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    std::unique_ptr<web_request> web_request_factory::create_web_request(const web::uri &url)
+    {
+        return std::make_unique<web_request>(url);
+    }
+
+    web_request_factory::~web_request_factory()
+    {}
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/web_request_factory.h b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/web_request_factory.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..32c0f0879901
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/web_request_factory.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "cpprest/base_uri.h"
+#include "web_request.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    class web_request_factory
+    {
+    public:
+        virtual std::unique_ptr<web_request> create_web_request(const web::uri &url);
+
+        virtual ~web_request_factory();
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/web_response.h b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/web_response.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d89cf991ca85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/web_response.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pplx/pplxtasks.h"
+#include "cpprest/details/basic_types.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    struct web_response
+    {
+        unsigned short status_code;
+        utility::string_t reason_phrase;
+        pplx::task<utility::string_t> body;
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/websocket_client.h b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/websocket_client.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..870d409ec35f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/websocket_client.h
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pplx/pplxtasks.h"
+#include "cpprest/base_uri.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    class websocket_client
+    {
+    public:
+        virtual pplx::task<void> connect(const web::uri &url) = 0;
+
+        virtual pplx::task<void> send(const utility::string_t &message) = 0;
+
+        virtual pplx::task<std::string> receive() = 0;
+
+        virtual pplx::task<void> close() = 0;
+
+        virtual ~websocket_client() {};
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/websocket_transport.cpp b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/websocket_transport.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..955d358a99cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/websocket_transport.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "websocket_transport.h"
+#include "logger.h"
+#include "signalrclient/signalr_exception.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    std::shared_ptr<transport> websocket_transport::create(const std::function<std::shared_ptr<websocket_client>()>& websocket_client_factory,
+        const logger& logger, const std::function<void(const utility::string_t &)>& process_response_callback,
+        std::function<void(const std::exception&)> error_callback)
+    {
+        return std::shared_ptr<transport>(
+            new websocket_transport(websocket_client_factory, logger, process_response_callback, error_callback));
+    }
+
+    websocket_transport::websocket_transport(const std::function<std::shared_ptr<websocket_client>()>& websocket_client_factory,
+        const logger& logger, const std::function<void(const utility::string_t &)>& process_response_callback,
+        std::function<void(const std::exception&)> error_callback)
+        : transport(logger, process_response_callback, error_callback), m_websocket_client_factory(websocket_client_factory)
+    {
+        // we use this cts to check if the receive loop is running so it should be
+        // initially cancelled to indicate that the receive loop is not running
+        m_receive_loop_cts.cancel();
+    }
+
+    websocket_transport::~websocket_transport()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            disconnect().get();
+        }
+        catch (...) // must not throw from the destructor
+        {}
+    }
+
+    transport_type websocket_transport::get_transport_type() const
+    {
+        return transport_type::websockets;
+    }
+
+    pplx::task<void> websocket_transport::connect(const web::uri &url)
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(url.scheme() == _XPLATSTR("ws") || url.scheme() == _XPLATSTR("wss"));
+
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> stop_lock(m_start_stop_lock);
+
+            if (!m_receive_loop_cts.get_token().is_canceled())
+            {
+                throw signalr_exception(_XPLATSTR("transport already connected"));
+            }
+
+            m_logger.log(trace_level::info,
+                utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("[websocket transport] connecting to: "))
+                .append(url.to_string()));
+
+            auto websocket_client = m_websocket_client_factory();
+
+            {
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> client_lock(m_websocket_client_lock);
+                m_websocket_client = websocket_client;
+            }
+
+            pplx::cancellation_token_source receive_loop_cts;
+            pplx::task_completion_event<void> connect_tce;
+
+            auto transport = shared_from_this();
+
+            websocket_client->connect(url)
+                .then([transport, connect_tce, receive_loop_cts](pplx::task<void> connect_task)
+                {
+                    try
+                    {
+                        connect_task.get();
+                        transport->receive_loop(receive_loop_cts);
+                        connect_tce.set();
+                    }
+                    catch (const std::exception &e)
+                    {
+                        transport->m_logger.log(
+                            trace_level::errors,
+                            utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("[websocket transport] exception when connecting to the server: "))
+                            .append(utility::conversions::to_string_t(e.what())));
+
+                        receive_loop_cts.cancel();
+                        connect_tce.set_exception(std::current_exception());
+                    }
+                });
+
+            m_receive_loop_cts = receive_loop_cts;
+
+            return pplx::create_task(connect_tce);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pplx::task<void> websocket_transport::send(const utility::string_t &data)
+    {
+        // send will return a faulted task if client has disconnected
+        return safe_get_websocket_client()->send(data);
+    }
+
+    pplx::task<void> websocket_transport::disconnect()
+    {
+        std::shared_ptr<websocket_client> websocket_client = nullptr;
+
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_start_stop_lock);
+
+            if (m_receive_loop_cts.get_token().is_canceled())
+            {
+                return pplx::task_from_result();
+            }
+
+            m_receive_loop_cts.cancel();
+
+            websocket_client = safe_get_websocket_client();
+        }
+
+        auto logger = m_logger;
+
+        return websocket_client->close()
+            .then([logger](pplx::task<void> close_task)
+            mutable {
+                try
+                {
+                    close_task.get();
+                }
+                catch (const std::exception &e)
+                {
+                    logger.log(
+                        trace_level::errors,
+                        utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("[websocket transport] exception when closing websocket: "))
+                        .append(utility::conversions::to_string_t(e.what())));
+                }
+            });
+    }
+
+    // Note that the connection assumes that the error callback won't be fired when the result is being processed. This
+    // may no longer be true when we replace the `receive_loop` with "on_message_received" and "on_close" events if they
+    // can be fired on different threads in which case we will have to lock before setting groups token and message id.
+    void websocket_transport::receive_loop(pplx::cancellation_token_source cts)
+    {
+        auto this_transport = shared_from_this();
+        auto logger = this_transport->m_logger;
+
+        // Passing the `std::weak_ptr<websocket_transport>` prevents from a memory leak where we would capture the shared_ptr to
+        // the transport in the continuation lambda and as a result as long as the loop runs the ref count would never get to
+        // zero. Now we capture the weak pointer and get the shared pointer only when the continuation runs so the ref count is
+        // incremented when the shared pointer is acquired and then decremented when it goes out of scope of the continuation.
+        auto weak_transport = std::weak_ptr<websocket_transport>(this_transport);
+
+        auto websocket_client = this_transport->safe_get_websocket_client();
+
+        websocket_client->receive()
+            // There are two cases when we exit the loop. The first case is implicit - we pass the cancellation_token
+            // to `then` (note this is after the lambda body) and if the token is cancelled the continuation will not
+            // run at all. The second - explicit - case happens if the token gets cancelled after the continuation has
+            // been started in which case we just stop the loop by not scheduling another receive task.
+            .then([weak_transport, cts](std::string message)
+            {
+                auto transport = weak_transport.lock();
+                if (transport)
+                {
+                    transport->process_response(utility::conversions::to_string_t(message));
+
+                    if (!cts.get_token().is_canceled())
+                    {
+                        transport->receive_loop(cts);
+                    }
+                }
+            }, cts.get_token())
+            // this continuation is used to observe exceptions from the previous tasks. It will run always - even if one of
+            // the previous continuations throws or was not scheduled due to the cancellation token being set to cancelled
+            .then([weak_transport, logger, websocket_client, cts](pplx::task<void> task)
+            mutable {
+                try
+                {
+                    task.get();
+                }
+                catch (const pplx::task_canceled&)
+                {
+                    cts.cancel();
+
+                    logger.log(trace_level::info,
+                        utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("[websocket transport] receive task canceled.")));
+                }
+                catch (const std::exception& e)
+                {
+                    cts.cancel();
+
+                    logger.log(
+                        trace_level::errors,
+                        utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("[websocket transport] error receiving response from websocket: "))
+                        .append(utility::conversions::to_string_t(e.what())));
+
+                    websocket_client->close()
+                        .then([](pplx::task<void> task)
+                    {
+                        try { task.get(); }
+                        catch (...) {}
+                    });
+
+                    auto transport = weak_transport.lock();
+                    if (transport)
+                    {
+                        transport->error(e);
+                    }
+                }
+                catch (...)
+                {
+                    cts.cancel();
+
+                    logger.log(
+                        trace_level::errors,
+                        utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("[websocket transport] unknown error occurred when receiving response from websocket")));
+
+                    websocket_client->close()
+                        .then([](pplx::task<void> task)
+                    {
+                        try { task.get(); }
+                        catch (...) {}
+                    });
+
+                    auto transport = weak_transport.lock();
+                    if (transport)
+                    {
+                        transport->error(signalr_exception(_XPLATSTR("unknown error")));
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<websocket_client> websocket_transport::safe_get_websocket_client()
+    {
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_websocket_client_lock);
+            auto websocket_client = m_websocket_client;
+
+            return websocket_client;
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/websocket_transport.h b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/websocket_transport.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0adc06e10171
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclient/websocket_transport.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "cpprest/ws_client.h"
+#include "url_builder.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+#include "logger.h"
+#include "default_websocket_client.h"
+#include "connection_impl.h"
+
+namespace signalr
+{
+    class websocket_transport : public transport, public std::enable_shared_from_this<websocket_transport>
+    {
+    public:
+        static std::shared_ptr<transport> create(const std::function<std::shared_ptr<websocket_client>()>& websocket_client_factory,
+            const logger& logger, const std::function<void(const utility::string_t&)>& process_response_callback,
+            std::function<void(const std::exception&)> error_callback);
+
+        ~websocket_transport();
+
+        websocket_transport(const websocket_transport&) = delete;
+
+        websocket_transport& operator=(const websocket_transport&) = delete;
+
+        pplx::task<void> connect(const web::uri &url) override;
+
+        pplx::task<void> send(const utility::string_t &data) override;
+
+        pplx::task<void> disconnect() override;
+
+        transport_type get_transport_type() const override;
+
+    private:
+        websocket_transport(const std::function<std::shared_ptr<websocket_client>()>& websocket_client_factory,
+            const logger& logger, const std::function<void(const utility::string_t &)>& process_response_callback,
+            std::function<void(const std::exception&)> error_callback);
+
+        std::function<std::shared_ptr<websocket_client>()> m_websocket_client_factory;
+        std::shared_ptr<websocket_client> m_websocket_client;
+        std::mutex m_websocket_client_lock;
+        std::mutex m_start_stop_lock;
+
+        pplx::cancellation_token_source m_receive_loop_cts;
+
+        void receive_loop(pplx::cancellation_token_source cts);
+
+        void handle_receive_error(const std::exception &e, pplx::cancellation_token_source cts,
+            logger logger, std::weak_ptr<transport> weak_transport);
+
+        std::shared_ptr<websocket_client> safe_get_websocket_client();
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclientdll/Build/VS/packages.config b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclientdll/Build/VS/packages.config
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6394bb8e22fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclientdll/Build/VS/packages.config
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<packages>
+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v120.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v120.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v120.winphone.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v120.winphonesl.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v120.winxp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v140.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
+</packages>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclientdll/Build/VS/signalrclientdll.vcxproj b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclientdll/Build/VS/signalrclientdll.vcxproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4576776992e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclientdll/Build/VS/signalrclientdll.vcxproj
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="15.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <Import Project="..\..\..\..\Build\SignalRClient.Build.Settings" />
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
+    <ProjectGuid>{18377AE8-E372-40CE-94FD-7F65008D39A3}</ProjectGuid>
+    <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
+    <RootNamespace>signalrclient</RootNamespace>
+    <ProjectName>signalrclientdll</ProjectName>
+    <TargetName>$(SignalrClientTargetName)</TargetName>
+    <SolutionDir Condition="$(SolutionDir) == '' Or '$(SolutionDir)' == '*Undefined*'">..\..\..\..\</SolutionDir>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(OutDir)' == ''">$(SolutionDir)bin\$(SubSystem)\$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <OutDir>$(OutDir)dll\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir>$(Configuration)\dll\</IntDir>
+    <ConfigurationType>DynamicLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>10.0.16299.0</WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="..\..\..\..\Build\Config.Definitions.props" />
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Configuration" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <PlatformToolset>v141</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Configuration" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
+    <PlatformToolset>v141</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Configuration" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <PlatformToolset>v141</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Configuration" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
+    <PlatformToolset>v141</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
+  <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions Condition="'$(SubSystem)' != 'UWP'">_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions Condition="'$(SubSystem)' == 'UWP'">_WINDLL;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>SIGNALRCLIENT_EXPORTS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>..\..\..\..\include;%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>ProgramDatabase</DebugInformationFormat>
+      <PrecompiledHeaderFile>stdafx.h</PrecompiledHeaderFile>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\connection.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\connection_state.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\hub_connection.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\hub_exception.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\hub_proxy.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\log_writer.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\trace_level.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\transport_type.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\web_exception.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\_exports.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\case_insensitive_comparison_utils.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\connection_impl.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\constants.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\default_websocket_client.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\http_sender.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\hub_connection_impl.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\internal_hub_proxy.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\callback_manager.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\logger.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\negotiation_response.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\request_sender.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\stdafx.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\trace_log_writer.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\transport.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\transport_factory.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\url_builder.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\websocket_client.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\websocket_transport.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\web_request.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\web_request_factory.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\web_response.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\resource.h" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\connection.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\connection_impl.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\default_websocket_client.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\http_sender.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\hub_connection.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\hub_connection_impl.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\callback_manager.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\logger.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\request_sender.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\signalr_client_config.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\stdafx.cpp">
+      <PrecompiledHeader>Create</PrecompiledHeader>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\transport.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\transport_factory.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\url_builder.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\trace_log_writer.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\websocket_transport.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\web_request.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\web_request_factory.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\dllmain.cpp">
+      <CompileAsManaged>false</CompileAsManaged>
+      <PrecompiledHeader>
+      </PrecompiledHeader>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ResourceCompile Include="..\..\Resource.rc" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="packages.config" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
+    <Import Project="$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets" Condition="Exists('$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets')" />
+    <Import Project="..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets" Condition="Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" />
+    <Import Project="..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets" Condition="Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" />
+    <Import Project="..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winphone.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winphone.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets" Condition="Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winphone.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winphone.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" />
+    <Import Project="..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winphonesl.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winphonesl.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets" Condition="Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winphonesl.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winphonesl.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" />
+    <Import Project="..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winxp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winxp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets" Condition="Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winxp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winxp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" />
+    <Import Project="..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets" Condition="Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" />
+    <Import Project="..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets" Condition="Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <Target Name="CreateVersionHeader" BeforeTargets="EnsureNuGetPackageBuildImports">
+    <PropertyGroup>
+      <Revision>$(build_number)</Revision>
+      <Revision Condition="'$(Revision)' == ''">0</Revision>
+    </PropertyGroup>
+    <ItemGroup>
+      <VersionHeaderContents Include="// Copyright (c) Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved." />
+      <VersionHeaderContents Include="// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information." />
+      <VersionHeaderContents Include="%0a" />
+      <VersionHeaderContents Include="// This file is auto-generated" />
+      <VersionHeaderContents Include="%0a" />
+      <VersionHeaderContents Include="#define FileVersion $(SignalRClientCppVersionMajor),$(SignalRClientCppVersionMinor),$(SignalRClientCppVersionPatch),$(Revision)" />
+      <VersionHeaderContents Include="#define FileVersionStr &quot;$(SignalRClientCppVersionMajor).$(SignalRClientCppVersionMinor).$(SignalRClientCppVersionPatch).$(Revision)\0&quot;" />
+      <VersionHeaderContents Include="#define ProductVersion $(SignalRClientCppVersionMajor),$(SignalRClientCppVersionMinor),$(SignalRClientCppVersionPatch),$(Revision)" />
+      <VersionHeaderContents Include="#define ProductVersionStr &quot;$(SignalRClientCppVersionString)\0&quot;" />
+      <VersionHeaderContents Include="#define PlatformToolset &quot;$(PlatformToolset)\0&quot;" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+    <WriteLinesToFile File="..\..\version.h" Lines="@(VersionHeaderContents)" OverWrite="true" />
+  </Target>
+  <Target Name="EnsureNuGetPackageBuildImports" BeforeTargets="PrepareForBuild">
+    <PropertyGroup>
+      <ErrorText>This project references NuGet package(s) that are missing on this computer. Enable NuGet Package Restore to download them.  For more information, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=322105. The missing file is {0}.</ErrorText>
+    </PropertyGroup>
+    <Error Condition="!Exists('$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets'))" />
+    <Error Condition="!Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets'))" />
+    <Error Condition="!Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets'))" />
+    <Error Condition="!Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winphone.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winphone.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winphone.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winphone.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets'))" />
+    <Error Condition="!Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winphonesl.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winphonesl.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winphonesl.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winphonesl.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets'))" />
+    <Error Condition="!Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winxp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winxp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winxp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winxp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets'))" />
+    <Error Condition="!Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets'))" />
+    <Error Condition="!Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets'))" />
+  </Target>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclientdll/Build/VS/signalrclientdll.vcxproj.filters b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclientdll/Build/VS/signalrclientdll.vcxproj.filters
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4835bce0e0cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclientdll/Build/VS/signalrclientdll.vcxproj.filters
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Filter Include="Source Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>cpp;c;cc;cxx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="Header Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{93995380-89BD-4b04-88EB-625FBE52EBFB}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>h;hh;hpp;hxx;hm;inl;inc;xsd</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="Resource Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{67DA6AB6-F800-4c08-8B7A-83BB121AAD01}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>rc;ico;cur;bmp;dlg;rc2;rct;bin;rgs;gif;jpg;jpeg;jpe;resx;tiff;tif;png;wav;mfcribbon-ms</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\callback_manager.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\connection_impl.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\constants.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\default_websocket_client.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\http_sender.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\hub_connection_impl.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\internal_hub_proxy.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\logger.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\negotiation_response.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\request_sender.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\transport.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\transport_factory.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\url_builder.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\web_request.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\web_request_factory.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\web_response.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\websocket_client.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\websocket_transport.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\_exports.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\connection.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\connection_state.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\hub_exception.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\log_writer.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\transport_type.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\web_exception.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\stdafx.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\hub_connection.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\hub_proxy.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\..\include\signalrclient\trace_level.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\trace_log_writer.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\case_insensitive_comparison_utils.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\resource.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\dllmain.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\connection.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\connection_impl.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\default_websocket_client.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\http_sender.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\hub_connection_impl.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\logger.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\request_sender.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\transport.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\transport_factory.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\url_builder.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\trace_log_writer.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\web_request.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\web_request_factory.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\websocket_transport.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\stdafx.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\hub_connection.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\callback_manager.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\signalrclient\signalr_client_config.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ResourceCompile Include="..\..\Resource.rc">
+      <Filter>Resource Files</Filter>
+    </ResourceCompile>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="packages.config" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclientdll/Resource.rc b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclientdll/Resource.rc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b832d82cc82b
Binary files /dev/null and b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclientdll/Resource.rc differ
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclientdll/dllmain.cpp b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclientdll/dllmain.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ecf23fdc976c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclientdll/dllmain.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "../signalrclient/stdafx.h"
+
+#if !defined(__cplusplus_winrt)
+
+BOOL APIENTRY DllMain( HMODULE /*hModule*/,
+                       DWORD  ul_reason_for_call,
+                       LPVOID /*lpReserved*/
+                     )
+{
+    switch (ul_reason_for_call)
+    {
+    case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH:
+    case DLL_THREAD_ATTACH:
+    case DLL_THREAD_DETACH:
+    case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH:
+        break;
+    }
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclientdll/resource.h b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclientdll/resource.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7ca31da7405a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclientdll/resource.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//{{NO_DEPENDENCIES}}
+// Microsoft Visual C++ generated include file.
+// Used by Resource.rc
+
+// Next default values for new objects
+// 
+#ifdef APSTUDIO_INVOKED
+#ifndef APSTUDIO_READONLY_SYMBOLS
+#define _APS_NEXT_RESOURCE_VALUE        101
+#define _APS_NEXT_COMMAND_VALUE         40001
+#define _APS_NEXT_CONTROL_VALUE         1001
+#define _APS_NEXT_SYMED_VALUE           101
+#endif
+#endif
diff --git a/clients/cpp/src/signalrclientdll/version.h b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclientdll/version.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9271ce7766ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/src/signalrclientdll/version.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+
+// This file is auto-generated
+
+
+#define FileVersion 1,0,0,0
+#define FileVersionStr "1.0.0.0\0"
+#define ProductVersion 1,0,0,0
+#define ProductVersionStr "1.0.0-alpha0\0"
+#define PlatformToolset "v141\0"
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/CMakeLists.txt b/clients/cpp/test/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..29630f9e7c79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+add_subdirectory (gtest-1.7.0)
+enable_testing()
+include_directories(${gtest_SOURCE_DIR}/include ${gtest_SOURCE_DIR})
+
+add_subdirectory (signalrclienttests)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/CHANGES b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/CHANGES
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..05521324212c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/CHANGES
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+Changes for 1.7.0:
+
+* New feature: death tests are supported on OpenBSD and in iOS
+  simulator now.
+* New feature: Google Test now implements a protocol to allow
+  a test runner to detect that a test program has exited
+  prematurely and report it as a failure (before it would be
+  falsely reported as a success if the exit code is 0).
+* New feature: Test::RecordProperty() can now be used outside of the
+  lifespan of a test method, in which case it will be attributed to
+  the current test case or the test program in the XML report.
+* New feature (potentially breaking): --gtest_list_tests now prints
+  the type parameters and value parameters for each test.
+* Improvement: char pointers and char arrays are now escaped properly
+  in failure messages.
+* Improvement: failure summary in XML reports now includes file and
+  line information.
+* Improvement: the <testsuites> XML element now has a timestamp attribute.
+* Improvement: When --gtest_filter is specified, XML report now doesn't
+  contain information about tests that are filtered out.
+* Fixed the bug where long --gtest_filter flag values are truncated in
+  death tests.
+* Potentially breaking change: RUN_ALL_TESTS() is now implemented as a
+  function instead of a macro in order to work better with Clang.
+* Compatibility fixes with C++ 11 and various platforms.
+* Bug/warning fixes.
+
+Changes for 1.6.0:
+
+* New feature: ADD_FAILURE_AT() for reporting a test failure at the
+  given source location -- useful for writing testing utilities.
+* New feature: the universal value printer is moved from Google Mock
+  to Google Test.
+* New feature: type parameters and value parameters are reported in
+  the XML report now.
+* A gtest_disable_pthreads CMake option.
+* Colored output works in GNU Screen sessions now.
+* Parameters of value-parameterized tests are now printed in the
+  textual output.
+* Failures from ad hoc test assertions run before RUN_ALL_TESTS() are
+  now correctly reported.
+* Arguments of ASSERT_XY and EXPECT_XY no longer need to support << to
+  ostream.
+* More complete handling of exceptions.
+* GTEST_ASSERT_XY can be used instead of ASSERT_XY in case the latter
+  name is already used by another library.
+* --gtest_catch_exceptions is now true by default, allowing a test
+  program to continue after an exception is thrown.
+* Value-parameterized test fixtures can now derive from Test and
+  WithParamInterface<T> separately, easing conversion of legacy tests.
+* Death test messages are clearly marked to make them more
+  distinguishable from other messages.
+* Compatibility fixes for Android, Google Native Client, MinGW, HP UX,
+  PowerPC, Lucid autotools, libCStd, Sun C++, Borland C++ Builder (Code Gear),
+  IBM XL C++ (Visual Age C++), and C++0x.
+* Bug fixes and implementation clean-ups.
+* Potentially incompatible changes: disables the harmful 'make install'
+  command in autotools.
+
+Changes for 1.5.0:
+
+ * New feature: assertions can be safely called in multiple threads
+   where the pthreads library is available.
+ * New feature: predicates used inside EXPECT_TRUE() and friends
+   can now generate custom failure messages.
+ * New feature: Google Test can now be compiled as a DLL.
+ * New feature: fused source files are included.
+ * New feature: prints help when encountering unrecognized Google Test flags.
+ * Experimental feature: CMake build script (requires CMake 2.6.4+).
+ * Experimental feature: the Pump script for meta programming.
+ * double values streamed to an assertion are printed with enough precision
+   to differentiate any two different values.
+ * Google Test now works on Solaris and AIX.
+ * Build and test script improvements.
+ * Bug fixes and implementation clean-ups.
+
+ Potentially breaking changes:
+
+ * Stopped supporting VC++ 7.1 with exceptions disabled.
+ * Dropped support for 'make install'.
+
+Changes for 1.4.0:
+
+ * New feature: the event listener API
+ * New feature: test shuffling
+ * New feature: the XML report format is closer to junitreport and can
+   be parsed by Hudson now.
+ * New feature: when a test runs under Visual Studio, its failures are
+   integrated in the IDE.
+ * New feature: /MD(d) versions of VC++ projects.
+ * New feature: elapsed time for the tests is printed by default.
+ * New feature: comes with a TR1 tuple implementation such that Boost
+   is no longer needed for Combine().
+ * New feature: EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED macro and friends.
+ * New feature: the Xcode project can now produce static gtest
+   libraries in addition to a framework.
+ * Compatibility fixes for Solaris, Cygwin, minGW, Windows Mobile,
+   Symbian, gcc, and C++Builder.
+ * Bug fixes and implementation clean-ups.
+
+Changes for 1.3.0:
+
+ * New feature: death tests on Windows, Cygwin, and Mac.
+ * New feature: ability to use Google Test assertions in other testing
+   frameworks.
+ * New feature: ability to run disabled test via
+   --gtest_also_run_disabled_tests.
+ * New feature: the --help flag for printing the usage.
+ * New feature: access to Google Test flag values in user code.
+ * New feature: a script that packs Google Test into one .h and one
+   .cc file for easy deployment.
+ * New feature: support for distributing test functions to multiple
+   machines (requires support from the test runner).
+ * Bug fixes and implementation clean-ups.
+
+Changes for 1.2.1:
+
+ * Compatibility fixes for Linux IA-64 and IBM z/OS.
+ * Added support for using Boost and other TR1 implementations.
+ * Changes to the build scripts to support upcoming release of Google C++
+   Mocking Framework.
+ * Added Makefile to the distribution package.
+ * Improved build instructions in README.
+
+Changes for 1.2.0:
+
+ * New feature: value-parameterized tests.
+ * New feature: the ASSERT/EXPECT_(NON)FATAL_FAILURE(_ON_ALL_THREADS)
+   macros.
+ * Changed the XML report format to match JUnit/Ant's.
+ * Added tests to the Xcode project.
+ * Added scons/SConscript for building with SCons.
+ * Added src/gtest-all.cc for building Google Test from a single file.
+ * Fixed compatibility with Solaris and z/OS.
+ * Enabled running Python tests on systems with python 2.3 installed,
+   e.g. Mac OS X 10.4.
+ * Bug fixes.
+
+Changes for 1.1.0:
+
+ * New feature: type-parameterized tests.
+ * New feature: exception assertions.
+ * New feature: printing elapsed time of tests.
+ * Improved the robustness of death tests.
+ * Added an Xcode project and samples.
+ * Adjusted the output format on Windows to be understandable by Visual Studio.
+ * Minor bug fixes.
+
+Changes for 1.0.1:
+
+ * Added project files for Visual Studio 7.1.
+ * Fixed issues with compiling on Mac OS X.
+ * Fixed issues with compiling on Cygwin.
+
+Changes for 1.0.0:
+
+ * Initial Open Source release of Google Test
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/CMakeLists.txt b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..621d0f042154
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+########################################################################
+# CMake build script for Google Test.
+#
+# To run the tests for Google Test itself on Linux, use 'make test' or
+# ctest.  You can select which tests to run using 'ctest -R regex'.
+# For more options, run 'ctest --help'.
+
+# BUILD_SHARED_LIBS is a standard CMake variable, but we declare it here to
+# make it prominent in the GUI.
+option(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS "Build shared libraries (DLLs)." OFF)
+
+# When other libraries are using a shared version of runtime libraries,
+# Google Test also has to use one.
+option(
+  gtest_force_shared_crt
+  "Use shared (DLL) run-time lib even when Google Test is built as static lib."
+  OFF)
+
+option(gtest_build_tests "Build all of gtest's own tests." OFF)
+
+option(gtest_build_samples "Build gtest's sample programs." OFF)
+
+option(gtest_disable_pthreads "Disable uses of pthreads in gtest." OFF)
+
+option(
+  gtest_hide_internal_symbols
+  "Build gtest with internal symbols hidden in shared libraries."
+  OFF)
+
+# Defines pre_project_set_up_hermetic_build() and set_up_hermetic_build().
+include(cmake/hermetic_build.cmake OPTIONAL)
+
+if (COMMAND pre_project_set_up_hermetic_build)
+  pre_project_set_up_hermetic_build()
+endif()
+
+########################################################################
+#
+# Project-wide settings
+
+# Name of the project.
+#
+# CMake files in this project can refer to the root source directory
+# as ${gtest_SOURCE_DIR} and to the root binary directory as
+# ${gtest_BINARY_DIR}.
+# Language "C" is required for find_package(Threads).
+project(gtest CXX C)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6.2)
+
+if (COMMAND set_up_hermetic_build)
+  set_up_hermetic_build()
+endif()
+
+if (gtest_hide_internal_symbols)
+  set(CMAKE_CXX_VISIBILITY_PRESET hidden)
+  set(CMAKE_VISIBILITY_INLINES_HIDDEN 1)
+endif()
+
+# Define helper functions and macros used by Google Test.
+include(cmake/internal_utils.cmake)
+
+config_compiler_and_linker()  # Defined in internal_utils.cmake.
+
+# Where Google Test's .h files can be found.
+include_directories(
+  ${gtest_SOURCE_DIR}/include
+  ${gtest_SOURCE_DIR})
+
+# Where Google Test's libraries can be found.
+link_directories(${gtest_BINARY_DIR}/src)
+
+# Summary of tuple support for Microsoft Visual Studio:
+# Compiler    version(MS)  version(cmake)  Support
+# ----------  -----------  --------------  -----------------------------
+# <= VS 2010  <= 10        <= 1600         Use Google Tests's own tuple.
+# VS 2012     11           1700            std::tr1::tuple + _VARIADIC_MAX=10
+# VS 2013     12           1800            std::tr1::tuple
+if (MSVC AND MSVC_VERSION EQUAL 1700)
+  add_definitions(/D _VARIADIC_MAX=10)
+endif()
+
+########################################################################
+#
+# Defines the gtest & gtest_main libraries.  User tests should link
+# with one of them.
+
+# Google Test libraries.  We build them using more strict warnings than what
+# are used for other targets, to ensure that gtest can be compiled by a user
+# aggressive about warnings.
+cxx_library(gtest "${cxx_strict}" src/gtest-all.cc)
+cxx_library(gtest_main "${cxx_strict}" src/gtest_main.cc)
+target_link_libraries(gtest_main gtest)
+
+# If the CMake version supports it, attach header directory information
+# to the targets for when we are part of a parent build (ie being pulled
+# in via add_subdirectory() rather than being a standalone build).
+if (DEFINED CMAKE_VERSION AND NOT "${CMAKE_VERSION}" VERSION_LESS "2.8.11")
+  target_include_directories(gtest      INTERFACE "${gtest_SOURCE_DIR}/include")
+  target_include_directories(gtest_main INTERFACE "${gtest_SOURCE_DIR}/include")
+endif()
+
+########################################################################
+#
+# Install rules
+install(TARGETS gtest gtest_main
+  DESTINATION lib)
+install(DIRECTORY ${gtest_SOURCE_DIR}/include/gtest
+  DESTINATION include)
+
+########################################################################
+#
+# Samples on how to link user tests with gtest or gtest_main.
+#
+# They are not built by default.  To build them, set the
+# gtest_build_samples option to ON.  You can do it by running ccmake
+# or specifying the -Dgtest_build_samples=ON flag when running cmake.
+
+if (gtest_build_samples)
+  cxx_executable(sample1_unittest samples gtest_main samples/sample1.cc)
+  cxx_executable(sample2_unittest samples gtest_main samples/sample2.cc)
+  cxx_executable(sample3_unittest samples gtest_main)
+  cxx_executable(sample4_unittest samples gtest_main samples/sample4.cc)
+  cxx_executable(sample5_unittest samples gtest_main samples/sample1.cc)
+  cxx_executable(sample6_unittest samples gtest_main)
+  cxx_executable(sample7_unittest samples gtest_main)
+  cxx_executable(sample8_unittest samples gtest_main)
+  cxx_executable(sample9_unittest samples gtest)
+  cxx_executable(sample10_unittest samples gtest)
+endif()
+
+########################################################################
+#
+# Google Test's own tests.
+#
+# You can skip this section if you aren't interested in testing
+# Google Test itself.
+#
+# The tests are not built by default.  To build them, set the
+# gtest_build_tests option to ON.  You can do it by running ccmake
+# or specifying the -Dgtest_build_tests=ON flag when running cmake.
+
+if (gtest_build_tests)
+  # This must be set in the root directory for the tests to be run by
+  # 'make test' or ctest.
+  enable_testing()
+
+  ############################################################
+  # C++ tests built with standard compiler flags.
+
+  cxx_test(gtest-death-test_test gtest_main)
+  cxx_test(gtest_environment_test gtest)
+  cxx_test(gtest-filepath_test gtest_main)
+  cxx_test(gtest-linked_ptr_test gtest_main)
+  cxx_test(gtest-listener_test gtest_main)
+  cxx_test(gtest_main_unittest gtest_main)
+  cxx_test(gtest-message_test gtest_main)
+  cxx_test(gtest_no_test_unittest gtest)
+  cxx_test(gtest-options_test gtest_main)
+  cxx_test(gtest-param-test_test gtest
+    test/gtest-param-test2_test.cc)
+  cxx_test(gtest-port_test gtest_main)
+  cxx_test(gtest_pred_impl_unittest gtest_main)
+  cxx_test(gtest_premature_exit_test gtest
+    test/gtest_premature_exit_test.cc)
+  cxx_test(gtest-printers_test gtest_main)
+  cxx_test(gtest_prod_test gtest_main
+    test/production.cc)
+  cxx_test(gtest_repeat_test gtest)
+  cxx_test(gtest_sole_header_test gtest_main)
+  cxx_test(gtest_stress_test gtest)
+  cxx_test(gtest-test-part_test gtest_main)
+  cxx_test(gtest_throw_on_failure_ex_test gtest)
+  cxx_test(gtest-typed-test_test gtest_main
+    test/gtest-typed-test2_test.cc)
+  cxx_test(gtest_unittest gtest_main)
+  cxx_test(gtest-unittest-api_test gtest)
+
+  ############################################################
+  # C++ tests built with non-standard compiler flags.
+
+  # MSVC 7.1 does not support STL with exceptions disabled.
+  if (NOT MSVC OR MSVC_VERSION GREATER 1310)
+    cxx_library(gtest_no_exception "${cxx_no_exception}"
+      src/gtest-all.cc)
+    cxx_library(gtest_main_no_exception "${cxx_no_exception}"
+      src/gtest-all.cc src/gtest_main.cc)
+  endif()
+  cxx_library(gtest_main_no_rtti "${cxx_no_rtti}"
+    src/gtest-all.cc src/gtest_main.cc)
+
+  cxx_test_with_flags(gtest-death-test_ex_nocatch_test
+    "${cxx_exception} -DGTEST_ENABLE_CATCH_EXCEPTIONS_=0"
+    gtest test/gtest-death-test_ex_test.cc)
+  cxx_test_with_flags(gtest-death-test_ex_catch_test
+    "${cxx_exception} -DGTEST_ENABLE_CATCH_EXCEPTIONS_=1"
+    gtest test/gtest-death-test_ex_test.cc)
+
+  cxx_test_with_flags(gtest_no_rtti_unittest "${cxx_no_rtti}"
+    gtest_main_no_rtti test/gtest_unittest.cc)
+
+  cxx_shared_library(gtest_dll "${cxx_default}"
+    src/gtest-all.cc src/gtest_main.cc)
+
+  cxx_executable_with_flags(gtest_dll_test_ "${cxx_default}"
+    gtest_dll test/gtest_all_test.cc)
+  set_target_properties(gtest_dll_test_
+                        PROPERTIES
+                        COMPILE_DEFINITIONS "GTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY=1")
+
+  if (NOT MSVC OR MSVC_VERSION LESS 1600)  # 1600 is Visual Studio 2010.
+    # Visual Studio 2010, 2012, and 2013 define symbols in std::tr1 that
+    # conflict with our own definitions. Therefore using our own tuple does not
+    # work on those compilers.
+    cxx_library(gtest_main_use_own_tuple "${cxx_use_own_tuple}"
+      src/gtest-all.cc src/gtest_main.cc)
+
+    cxx_test_with_flags(gtest-tuple_test "${cxx_use_own_tuple}"
+      gtest_main_use_own_tuple test/gtest-tuple_test.cc)
+
+    cxx_test_with_flags(gtest_use_own_tuple_test "${cxx_use_own_tuple}"
+      gtest_main_use_own_tuple
+      test/gtest-param-test_test.cc test/gtest-param-test2_test.cc)
+  endif()
+
+  ############################################################
+  # Python tests.
+
+  cxx_executable(gtest_break_on_failure_unittest_ test gtest)
+  py_test(gtest_break_on_failure_unittest)
+
+  # Visual Studio .NET 2003 does not support STL with exceptions disabled.
+  if (NOT MSVC OR MSVC_VERSION GREATER 1310)  # 1310 is Visual Studio .NET 2003
+    cxx_executable_with_flags(
+      gtest_catch_exceptions_no_ex_test_
+      "${cxx_no_exception}"
+      gtest_main_no_exception
+      test/gtest_catch_exceptions_test_.cc)
+  endif()
+
+  cxx_executable_with_flags(
+    gtest_catch_exceptions_ex_test_
+    "${cxx_exception}"
+    gtest_main
+    test/gtest_catch_exceptions_test_.cc)
+  py_test(gtest_catch_exceptions_test)
+
+  cxx_executable(gtest_color_test_ test gtest)
+  py_test(gtest_color_test)
+
+  cxx_executable(gtest_env_var_test_ test gtest)
+  py_test(gtest_env_var_test)
+
+  cxx_executable(gtest_filter_unittest_ test gtest)
+  py_test(gtest_filter_unittest)
+
+  cxx_executable(gtest_help_test_ test gtest_main)
+  py_test(gtest_help_test)
+
+  cxx_executable(gtest_list_tests_unittest_ test gtest)
+  py_test(gtest_list_tests_unittest)
+
+  cxx_executable(gtest_output_test_ test gtest)
+  py_test(gtest_output_test)
+
+  cxx_executable(gtest_shuffle_test_ test gtest)
+  py_test(gtest_shuffle_test)
+
+  # MSVC 7.1 does not support STL with exceptions disabled.
+  if (NOT MSVC OR MSVC_VERSION GREATER 1310)
+    cxx_executable(gtest_throw_on_failure_test_ test gtest_no_exception)
+    set_target_properties(gtest_throw_on_failure_test_
+      PROPERTIES
+      COMPILE_FLAGS "${cxx_no_exception}")
+    py_test(gtest_throw_on_failure_test)
+  endif()
+
+  cxx_executable(gtest_uninitialized_test_ test gtest)
+  py_test(gtest_uninitialized_test)
+
+  cxx_executable(gtest_xml_outfile1_test_ test gtest_main)
+  cxx_executable(gtest_xml_outfile2_test_ test gtest_main)
+  py_test(gtest_xml_outfiles_test)
+
+  cxx_executable(gtest_xml_output_unittest_ test gtest)
+  py_test(gtest_xml_output_unittest)
+endif()
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/CONTRIBUTORS b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/CONTRIBUTORS
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..feae2fc04410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/CONTRIBUTORS
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# This file contains a list of people who've made non-trivial
+# contribution to the Google C++ Testing Framework project.  People
+# who commit code to the project are encouraged to add their names
+# here.  Please keep the list sorted by first names.
+
+Ajay Joshi <jaj@google.com>
+Balázs Dán <balazs.dan@gmail.com>
+Bharat Mediratta <bharat@menalto.com>
+Chandler Carruth <chandlerc@google.com>
+Chris Prince <cprince@google.com>
+Chris Taylor <taylorc@google.com>
+Dan Egnor <egnor@google.com>
+Eric Roman <eroman@chromium.org>
+Hady Zalek <hady.zalek@gmail.com>
+Jeffrey Yasskin <jyasskin@google.com>
+Jói Sigurðsson <joi@google.com>
+Keir Mierle <mierle@gmail.com>
+Keith Ray <keith.ray@gmail.com>
+Kenton Varda <kenton@google.com>
+Manuel Klimek <klimek@google.com>
+Markus Heule <markus.heule@gmail.com>
+Mika Raento <mikie@iki.fi>
+Miklós Fazekas <mfazekas@szemafor.com>
+Pasi Valminen <pasi.valminen@gmail.com>
+Patrick Hanna <phanna@google.com>
+Patrick Riley <pfr@google.com>
+Peter Kaminski <piotrk@google.com>
+Preston Jackson <preston.a.jackson@gmail.com>
+Rainer Klaffenboeck <rainer.klaffenboeck@dynatrace.com>
+Russ Cox <rsc@google.com>
+Russ Rufer <russ@pentad.com>
+Sean Mcafee <eefacm@gmail.com>
+Sigurður Ásgeirsson <siggi@google.com>
+Tracy Bialik <tracy@pentad.com>
+Vadim Berman <vadimb@google.com>
+Vlad Losev <vladl@google.com>
+Zhanyong Wan <wan@google.com>
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/LICENSE b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1941a11f8ce9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+distribution.
+    * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/Makefile.am b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..29797e4e9de4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+# Automake file
+
+ACLOCAL_AMFLAGS = -I m4
+
+# Nonstandard package files for distribution
+EXTRA_DIST = \
+  CHANGES \
+  CONTRIBUTORS \
+  LICENSE \
+  include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.pump \
+  include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h.pump \
+  include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h.pump \
+  include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump \
+  make/Makefile \
+  scripts/fuse_gtest_files.py \
+  scripts/gen_gtest_pred_impl.py \
+  scripts/pump.py \
+  scripts/test/Makefile
+
+# gtest source files that we don't compile directly.  They are
+# #included by gtest-all.cc.
+GTEST_SRC = \
+  src/gtest-death-test.cc \
+  src/gtest-filepath.cc \
+  src/gtest-internal-inl.h \
+  src/gtest-port.cc \
+  src/gtest-printers.cc \
+  src/gtest-test-part.cc \
+  src/gtest-typed-test.cc \
+  src/gtest.cc
+
+EXTRA_DIST += $(GTEST_SRC)
+
+# Sample files that we don't compile.
+EXTRA_DIST += \
+  samples/prime_tables.h \
+  samples/sample2_unittest.cc \
+  samples/sample3_unittest.cc \
+  samples/sample4_unittest.cc \
+  samples/sample5_unittest.cc \
+  samples/sample6_unittest.cc \
+  samples/sample7_unittest.cc \
+  samples/sample8_unittest.cc \
+  samples/sample9_unittest.cc
+
+# C++ test files that we don't compile directly.
+EXTRA_DIST += \
+  test/gtest-death-test_ex_test.cc \
+  test/gtest-death-test_test.cc \
+  test/gtest-filepath_test.cc \
+  test/gtest-linked_ptr_test.cc \
+  test/gtest-listener_test.cc \
+  test/gtest-message_test.cc \
+  test/gtest-options_test.cc \
+  test/gtest-param-test2_test.cc \
+  test/gtest-param-test2_test.cc \
+  test/gtest-param-test_test.cc \
+  test/gtest-param-test_test.cc \
+  test/gtest-param-test_test.h \
+  test/gtest-port_test.cc \
+  test/gtest_premature_exit_test.cc \
+  test/gtest-printers_test.cc \
+  test/gtest-test-part_test.cc \
+  test/gtest-tuple_test.cc \
+  test/gtest-typed-test2_test.cc \
+  test/gtest-typed-test_test.cc \
+  test/gtest-typed-test_test.h \
+  test/gtest-unittest-api_test.cc \
+  test/gtest_break_on_failure_unittest_.cc \
+  test/gtest_catch_exceptions_test_.cc \
+  test/gtest_color_test_.cc \
+  test/gtest_env_var_test_.cc \
+  test/gtest_environment_test.cc \
+  test/gtest_filter_unittest_.cc \
+  test/gtest_help_test_.cc \
+  test/gtest_list_tests_unittest_.cc \
+  test/gtest_main_unittest.cc \
+  test/gtest_no_test_unittest.cc \
+  test/gtest_output_test_.cc \
+  test/gtest_pred_impl_unittest.cc \
+  test/gtest_prod_test.cc \
+  test/gtest_repeat_test.cc \
+  test/gtest_shuffle_test_.cc \
+  test/gtest_sole_header_test.cc \
+  test/gtest_stress_test.cc \
+  test/gtest_throw_on_failure_ex_test.cc \
+  test/gtest_throw_on_failure_test_.cc \
+  test/gtest_uninitialized_test_.cc \
+  test/gtest_unittest.cc \
+  test/gtest_unittest.cc \
+  test/gtest_xml_outfile1_test_.cc \
+  test/gtest_xml_outfile2_test_.cc \
+  test/gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc \
+  test/production.cc \
+  test/production.h
+
+# Python tests that we don't run.
+EXTRA_DIST += \
+  test/gtest_break_on_failure_unittest.py \
+  test/gtest_catch_exceptions_test.py \
+  test/gtest_color_test.py \
+  test/gtest_env_var_test.py \
+  test/gtest_filter_unittest.py \
+  test/gtest_help_test.py \
+  test/gtest_list_tests_unittest.py \
+  test/gtest_output_test.py \
+  test/gtest_output_test_golden_lin.txt \
+  test/gtest_shuffle_test.py \
+  test/gtest_test_utils.py \
+  test/gtest_throw_on_failure_test.py \
+  test/gtest_uninitialized_test.py \
+  test/gtest_xml_outfiles_test.py \
+  test/gtest_xml_output_unittest.py \
+  test/gtest_xml_test_utils.py
+
+# CMake script
+EXTRA_DIST += \
+  CMakeLists.txt \
+  cmake/internal_utils.cmake
+
+# MSVC project files
+EXTRA_DIST += \
+  msvc/gtest-md.sln \
+  msvc/gtest-md.vcproj \
+  msvc/gtest.sln \
+  msvc/gtest.vcproj \
+  msvc/gtest_main-md.vcproj \
+  msvc/gtest_main.vcproj \
+  msvc/gtest_prod_test-md.vcproj \
+  msvc/gtest_prod_test.vcproj \
+  msvc/gtest_unittest-md.vcproj \
+  msvc/gtest_unittest.vcproj
+
+# xcode project files
+EXTRA_DIST += \
+  xcode/Config/DebugProject.xcconfig \
+  xcode/Config/FrameworkTarget.xcconfig \
+  xcode/Config/General.xcconfig \
+  xcode/Config/ReleaseProject.xcconfig \
+  xcode/Config/StaticLibraryTarget.xcconfig \
+  xcode/Config/TestTarget.xcconfig \
+  xcode/Resources/Info.plist \
+  xcode/Scripts/runtests.sh \
+  xcode/Scripts/versiongenerate.py \
+  xcode/gtest.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
+
+# xcode sample files
+EXTRA_DIST += \
+  xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/Info.plist \
+  xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/WidgetFramework.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj \
+  xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/runtests.sh \
+  xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/widget.cc \
+  xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/widget.h \
+  xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/widget_test.cc
+
+# C++Builder project files
+EXTRA_DIST += \
+  codegear/gtest.cbproj \
+  codegear/gtest.groupproj \
+  codegear/gtest_all.cc \
+  codegear/gtest_link.cc \
+  codegear/gtest_main.cbproj \
+  codegear/gtest_unittest.cbproj
+
+# Distribute and install M4 macro
+m4datadir = $(datadir)/aclocal
+m4data_DATA = m4/gtest.m4
+EXTRA_DIST += $(m4data_DATA)
+
+# We define the global AM_CPPFLAGS as everything we compile includes from these
+# directories.
+AM_CPPFLAGS = -I$(srcdir) -I$(srcdir)/include
+
+# Modifies compiler and linker flags for pthreads compatibility.
+if HAVE_PTHREADS
+  AM_CXXFLAGS = @PTHREAD_CFLAGS@ -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=1
+  AM_LIBS = @PTHREAD_LIBS@
+else
+  AM_CXXFLAGS = -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=0
+endif
+
+# Build rules for libraries.
+lib_LTLIBRARIES = lib/libgtest.la lib/libgtest_main.la
+
+lib_libgtest_la_SOURCES = src/gtest-all.cc
+
+pkginclude_HEADERS = \
+  include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h \
+  include/gtest/gtest-message.h \
+  include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h \
+  include/gtest/gtest-printers.h \
+  include/gtest/gtest-spi.h \
+  include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h \
+  include/gtest/gtest-typed-test.h \
+  include/gtest/gtest.h \
+  include/gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h \
+  include/gtest/gtest_prod.h
+
+pkginclude_internaldir = $(pkgincludedir)/internal
+pkginclude_internal_HEADERS = \
+  include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h \
+  include/gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h \
+  include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h \
+  include/gtest/internal/gtest-linked_ptr.h \
+  include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h \
+  include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h \
+  include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h \
+  include/gtest/internal/gtest-port-arch.h \
+  include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h \
+  include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h \
+  include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h \
+  include/gtest/internal/custom/gtest.h \
+  include/gtest/internal/custom/gtest-port.h \
+  include/gtest/internal/custom/gtest-printers.h
+
+lib_libgtest_main_la_SOURCES = src/gtest_main.cc
+lib_libgtest_main_la_LIBADD = lib/libgtest.la
+
+# Bulid rules for samples and tests. Automake's naming for some of
+# these variables isn't terribly obvious, so this is a brief
+# reference:
+#
+# TESTS -- Programs run automatically by "make check"
+# check_PROGRAMS -- Programs built by "make check" but not necessarily run
+
+noinst_LTLIBRARIES = samples/libsamples.la
+
+samples_libsamples_la_SOURCES = \
+  samples/sample1.cc \
+  samples/sample1.h \
+  samples/sample2.cc \
+  samples/sample2.h \
+  samples/sample3-inl.h \
+  samples/sample4.cc \
+  samples/sample4.h
+
+TESTS=
+TESTS_ENVIRONMENT = GTEST_SOURCE_DIR="$(srcdir)/test" \
+                    GTEST_BUILD_DIR="$(top_builddir)/test"
+check_PROGRAMS=
+
+# A simple sample on using gtest.
+TESTS += samples/sample1_unittest
+check_PROGRAMS += samples/sample1_unittest
+samples_sample1_unittest_SOURCES = samples/sample1_unittest.cc
+samples_sample1_unittest_LDADD = lib/libgtest_main.la \
+                                 lib/libgtest.la \
+                                 samples/libsamples.la
+
+# Another sample.  It also verifies that libgtest works.
+TESTS += samples/sample10_unittest
+check_PROGRAMS += samples/sample10_unittest
+samples_sample10_unittest_SOURCES = samples/sample10_unittest.cc
+samples_sample10_unittest_LDADD = lib/libgtest.la
+
+# This tests most constructs of gtest and verifies that libgtest_main
+# and libgtest work.
+TESTS += test/gtest_all_test
+check_PROGRAMS += test/gtest_all_test
+test_gtest_all_test_SOURCES = test/gtest_all_test.cc
+test_gtest_all_test_LDADD = lib/libgtest_main.la \
+                            lib/libgtest.la
+
+# Tests that fused gtest files compile and work.
+FUSED_GTEST_SRC = \
+  fused-src/gtest/gtest-all.cc \
+  fused-src/gtest/gtest.h \
+  fused-src/gtest/gtest_main.cc
+
+if HAVE_PYTHON
+TESTS += test/fused_gtest_test
+check_PROGRAMS += test/fused_gtest_test
+test_fused_gtest_test_SOURCES = $(FUSED_GTEST_SRC) \
+                                samples/sample1.cc samples/sample1_unittest.cc
+test_fused_gtest_test_CPPFLAGS = -I"$(srcdir)/fused-src"
+
+# Build rules for putting fused Google Test files into the distribution
+# package. The user can also create those files by manually running
+# scripts/fuse_gtest_files.py.
+$(test_fused_gtest_test_SOURCES): fused-gtest
+
+fused-gtest: $(pkginclude_HEADERS) $(pkginclude_internal_HEADERS) \
+             $(GTEST_SRC) src/gtest-all.cc src/gtest_main.cc \
+             scripts/fuse_gtest_files.py
+	mkdir -p "$(srcdir)/fused-src"
+	chmod -R u+w "$(srcdir)/fused-src"
+	rm -f "$(srcdir)/fused-src/gtest/gtest-all.cc"
+	rm -f "$(srcdir)/fused-src/gtest/gtest.h"
+	"$(srcdir)/scripts/fuse_gtest_files.py" "$(srcdir)/fused-src"
+	cp -f "$(srcdir)/src/gtest_main.cc" "$(srcdir)/fused-src/gtest/"
+
+maintainer-clean-local:
+	rm -rf "$(srcdir)/fused-src"
+endif
+
+# Death tests may produce core dumps in the build directory. In case
+# this happens, clean them to keep distcleancheck happy.
+CLEANFILES = core
+
+# Disables 'make install' as installing a compiled version of Google
+# Test can lead to undefined behavior due to violation of the
+# One-Definition Rule.
+
+install-exec-local:
+	echo "'make install' is dangerous and not supported. Instead, see README for how to integrate Google Test into your build system."
+	false
+
+install-data-local:
+	echo "'make install' is dangerous and not supported. Instead, see README for how to integrate Google Test into your build system."
+	false
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/README.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..edd4408054b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+
+### Generic Build Instructions ###
+
+#### Setup ####
+
+To build Google Test and your tests that use it, you need to tell your
+build system where to find its headers and source files.  The exact
+way to do it depends on which build system you use, and is usually
+straightforward.
+
+#### Build ####
+
+Suppose you put Google Test in directory `${GTEST_DIR}`.  To build it,
+create a library build target (or a project as called by Visual Studio
+and Xcode) to compile
+
+    ${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc
+
+with `${GTEST_DIR}/include` in the system header search path and `${GTEST_DIR}`
+in the normal header search path.  Assuming a Linux-like system and gcc,
+something like the following will do:
+
+    g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -I${GTEST_DIR} \
+        -pthread -c ${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc
+    ar -rv libgtest.a gtest-all.o
+
+(We need `-pthread` as Google Test uses threads.)
+
+Next, you should compile your test source file with
+`${GTEST_DIR}/include` in the system header search path, and link it
+with gtest and any other necessary libraries:
+
+    g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -pthread path/to/your_test.cc libgtest.a \
+        -o your_test
+
+As an example, the make/ directory contains a Makefile that you can
+use to build Google Test on systems where GNU make is available
+(e.g. Linux, Mac OS X, and Cygwin).  It doesn't try to build Google
+Test's own tests.  Instead, it just builds the Google Test library and
+a sample test.  You can use it as a starting point for your own build
+script.
+
+If the default settings are correct for your environment, the
+following commands should succeed:
+
+    cd ${GTEST_DIR}/make
+    make
+    ./sample1_unittest
+
+If you see errors, try to tweak the contents of `make/Makefile` to make
+them go away.  There are instructions in `make/Makefile` on how to do
+it.
+
+### Using CMake ###
+
+Google Test comes with a CMake build script (
+[CMakeLists.txt](CMakeLists.txt)) that can be used on a wide range of platforms ("C" stands for
+cross-platform.). If you don't have CMake installed already, you can
+download it for free from <http://www.cmake.org/>.
+
+CMake works by generating native makefiles or build projects that can
+be used in the compiler environment of your choice.  The typical
+workflow starts with:
+
+    mkdir mybuild       # Create a directory to hold the build output.
+    cd mybuild
+    cmake ${GTEST_DIR}  # Generate native build scripts.
+
+If you want to build Google Test's samples, you should replace the
+last command with
+
+    cmake -Dgtest_build_samples=ON ${GTEST_DIR}
+
+If you are on a \*nix system, you should now see a Makefile in the
+current directory.  Just type 'make' to build gtest.
+
+If you use Windows and have Visual Studio installed, a `gtest.sln` file
+and several `.vcproj` files will be created.  You can then build them
+using Visual Studio.
+
+On Mac OS X with Xcode installed, a `.xcodeproj` file will be generated.
+
+### Legacy Build Scripts ###
+
+Before settling on CMake, we have been providing hand-maintained build
+projects/scripts for Visual Studio, Xcode, and Autotools.  While we
+continue to provide them for convenience, they are not actively
+maintained any more.  We highly recommend that you follow the
+instructions in the previous two sections to integrate Google Test
+with your existing build system.
+
+If you still need to use the legacy build scripts, here's how:
+
+The msvc\ folder contains two solutions with Visual C++ projects.
+Open the `gtest.sln` or `gtest-md.sln` file using Visual Studio, and you
+are ready to build Google Test the same way you build any Visual
+Studio project.  Files that have names ending with -md use DLL
+versions of Microsoft runtime libraries (the /MD or the /MDd compiler
+option).  Files without that suffix use static versions of the runtime
+libraries (the /MT or the /MTd option).  Please note that one must use
+the same option to compile both gtest and the test code.  If you use
+Visual Studio 2005 or above, we recommend the -md version as /MD is
+the default for new projects in these versions of Visual Studio.
+
+On Mac OS X, open the `gtest.xcodeproj` in the `xcode/` folder using
+Xcode.  Build the "gtest" target.  The universal binary framework will
+end up in your selected build directory (selected in the Xcode
+"Preferences..." -> "Building" pane and defaults to xcode/build).
+Alternatively, at the command line, enter:
+
+    xcodebuild
+
+This will build the "Release" configuration of gtest.framework in your
+default build location.  See the "xcodebuild" man page for more
+information about building different configurations and building in
+different locations.
+
+If you wish to use the Google Test Xcode project with Xcode 4.x and
+above, you need to either:
+
+ * update the SDK configuration options in xcode/Config/General.xconfig.
+   Comment options `SDKROOT`, `MACOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET`, and `GCC_VERSION`. If
+   you choose this route you lose the ability to target earlier versions
+   of MacOS X.
+ * Install an SDK for an earlier version. This doesn't appear to be
+   supported by Apple, but has been reported to work
+   (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5378518).
+
+### Tweaking Google Test ###
+
+Google Test can be used in diverse environments.  The default
+configuration may not work (or may not work well) out of the box in
+some environments.  However, you can easily tweak Google Test by
+defining control macros on the compiler command line.  Generally,
+these macros are named like `GTEST_XYZ` and you define them to either 1
+or 0 to enable or disable a certain feature.
+
+We list the most frequently used macros below.  For a complete list,
+see file [include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h](include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h).
+
+### Choosing a TR1 Tuple Library ###
+
+Some Google Test features require the C++ Technical Report 1 (TR1)
+tuple library, which is not yet available with all compilers.  The
+good news is that Google Test implements a subset of TR1 tuple that's
+enough for its own need, and will automatically use this when the
+compiler doesn't provide TR1 tuple.
+
+Usually you don't need to care about which tuple library Google Test
+uses.  However, if your project already uses TR1 tuple, you need to
+tell Google Test to use the same TR1 tuple library the rest of your
+project uses, or the two tuple implementations will clash.  To do
+that, add
+
+    -DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=0
+
+to the compiler flags while compiling Google Test and your tests.  If
+you want to force Google Test to use its own tuple library, just add
+
+    -DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=1
+
+to the compiler flags instead.
+
+If you don't want Google Test to use tuple at all, add
+
+    -DGTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE=0
+
+and all features using tuple will be disabled.
+
+### Multi-threaded Tests ###
+
+Google Test is thread-safe where the pthread library is available.
+After `#include "gtest/gtest.h"`, you can check the `GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE`
+macro to see whether this is the case (yes if the macro is `#defined` to
+1, no if it's undefined.).
+
+If Google Test doesn't correctly detect whether pthread is available
+in your environment, you can force it with
+
+    -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=1
+
+or
+
+    -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=0
+
+When Google Test uses pthread, you may need to add flags to your
+compiler and/or linker to select the pthread library, or you'll get
+link errors.  If you use the CMake script or the deprecated Autotools
+script, this is taken care of for you.  If you use your own build
+script, you'll need to read your compiler and linker's manual to
+figure out what flags to add.
+
+### As a Shared Library (DLL) ###
+
+Google Test is compact, so most users can build and link it as a
+static library for the simplicity.  You can choose to use Google Test
+as a shared library (known as a DLL on Windows) if you prefer.
+
+To compile *gtest* as a shared library, add
+
+    -DGTEST_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY=1
+
+to the compiler flags.  You'll also need to tell the linker to produce
+a shared library instead - consult your linker's manual for how to do
+it.
+
+To compile your *tests* that use the gtest shared library, add
+
+    -DGTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY=1
+
+to the compiler flags.
+
+Note: while the above steps aren't technically necessary today when
+using some compilers (e.g. GCC), they may become necessary in the
+future, if we decide to improve the speed of loading the library (see
+<http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/Visibility> for details).  Therefore you are
+recommended to always add the above flags when using Google Test as a
+shared library.  Otherwise a future release of Google Test may break
+your build script.
+
+### Avoiding Macro Name Clashes ###
+
+In C++, macros don't obey namespaces.  Therefore two libraries that
+both define a macro of the same name will clash if you `#include` both
+definitions.  In case a Google Test macro clashes with another
+library, you can force Google Test to rename its macro to avoid the
+conflict.
+
+Specifically, if both Google Test and some other code define macro
+FOO, you can add
+
+    -DGTEST_DONT_DEFINE_FOO=1
+
+to the compiler flags to tell Google Test to change the macro's name
+from `FOO` to `GTEST_FOO`.  Currently `FOO` can be `FAIL`, `SUCCEED`,
+or `TEST`.  For example, with `-DGTEST_DONT_DEFINE_TEST=1`, you'll
+need to write
+
+    GTEST_TEST(SomeTest, DoesThis) { ... }
+
+instead of
+
+    TEST(SomeTest, DoesThis) { ... }
+
+in order to define a test.
+
+## Developing Google Test ##
+
+This section discusses how to make your own changes to Google Test.
+
+### Testing Google Test Itself ###
+
+To make sure your changes work as intended and don't break existing
+functionality, you'll want to compile and run Google Test's own tests.
+For that you can use CMake:
+
+    mkdir mybuild
+    cd mybuild
+    cmake -Dgtest_build_tests=ON ${GTEST_DIR}
+
+Make sure you have Python installed, as some of Google Test's tests
+are written in Python.  If the cmake command complains about not being
+able to find Python (`Could NOT find PythonInterp (missing:
+PYTHON_EXECUTABLE)`), try telling it explicitly where your Python
+executable can be found:
+
+    cmake -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=path/to/python -Dgtest_build_tests=ON ${GTEST_DIR}
+
+Next, you can build Google Test and all of its own tests.  On \*nix,
+this is usually done by 'make'.  To run the tests, do
+
+    make test
+
+All tests should pass.
+
+Normally you don't need to worry about regenerating the source files,
+unless you need to modify them.  In that case, you should modify the
+corresponding .pump files instead and run the pump.py Python script to
+regenerate them.  You can find pump.py in the [scripts/](scripts/) directory.
+Read the [Pump manual](docs/PumpManual.md) for how to use it.
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/build-aux/.keep b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/build-aux/.keep
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e69de29bb2d1
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/cmake/internal_utils.cmake b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/cmake/internal_utils.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..777b91ed4b8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/cmake/internal_utils.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+# Defines functions and macros useful for building Google Test and
+# Google Mock.
+#
+# Note:
+#
+# - This file will be run twice when building Google Mock (once via
+#   Google Test's CMakeLists.txt, and once via Google Mock's).
+#   Therefore it shouldn't have any side effects other than defining
+#   the functions and macros.
+#
+# - The functions/macros defined in this file may depend on Google
+#   Test and Google Mock's option() definitions, and thus must be
+#   called *after* the options have been defined.
+
+# Tweaks CMake's default compiler/linker settings to suit Google Test's needs.
+#
+# This must be a macro(), as inside a function string() can only
+# update variables in the function scope.
+macro(fix_default_compiler_settings_)
+  if (MSVC)
+    # For MSVC, CMake sets certain flags to defaults we want to override.
+    # This replacement code is taken from sample in the CMake Wiki at
+    # http://www.cmake.org/Wiki/CMake_FAQ#Dynamic_Replace.
+    foreach (flag_var
+             CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE
+             CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO)
+      if (NOT BUILD_SHARED_LIBS AND NOT gtest_force_shared_crt)
+        # When Google Test is built as a shared library, it should also use
+        # shared runtime libraries.  Otherwise, it may end up with multiple
+        # copies of runtime library data in different modules, resulting in
+        # hard-to-find crashes. When it is built as a static library, it is
+        # preferable to use CRT as static libraries, as we don't have to rely
+        # on CRT DLLs being available. CMake always defaults to using shared
+        # CRT libraries, so we override that default here.
+        string(REPLACE "/MD" "-MT" ${flag_var} "${${flag_var}}")
+      endif()
+
+      # We prefer more strict warning checking for building Google Test.
+      # Replaces /W3 with /W4 in defaults.
+      string(REPLACE "/W3" "/W4" ${flag_var} "${${flag_var}}")
+    endforeach()
+  endif()
+endmacro()
+
+# Defines the compiler/linker flags used to build Google Test and
+# Google Mock.  You can tweak these definitions to suit your need.  A
+# variable's value is empty before it's explicitly assigned to.
+macro(config_compiler_and_linker)
+  if (NOT gtest_disable_pthreads)
+    # Defines CMAKE_USE_PTHREADS_INIT and CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT.
+    find_package(Threads)
+  endif()
+
+  fix_default_compiler_settings_()
+  if (MSVC)
+    # Newlines inside flags variables break CMake's NMake generator.
+    # TODO(vladl@google.com): Add -RTCs and -RTCu to debug builds.
+    set(cxx_base_flags "-GS -W4 -WX -wd4251 -wd4275 -nologo -J -Zi")
+    if (MSVC_VERSION LESS 1400)  # 1400 is Visual Studio 2005
+      # Suppress spurious warnings MSVC 7.1 sometimes issues.
+      # Forcing value to bool.
+      set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -wd4800")
+      # Copy constructor and assignment operator could not be generated.
+      set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -wd4511 -wd4512")
+      # Compatibility warnings not applicable to Google Test.
+      # Resolved overload was found by argument-dependent lookup.
+      set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -wd4675")
+    endif()
+    if (MSVC_VERSION LESS 1500)  # 1500 is Visual Studio 2008
+      # Conditional expression is constant.
+      # When compiling with /W4, we get several instances of C4127
+      # (Conditional expression is constant). In our code, we disable that
+      # warning on a case-by-case basis. However, on Visual Studio 2005,
+      # the warning fires on std::list. Therefore on that compiler and earlier,
+      # we disable the warning project-wide.
+      set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -wd4127")
+    endif()
+    if (NOT (MSVC_VERSION LESS 1700))  # 1700 is Visual Studio 2012.
+      # Suppress "unreachable code" warning on VS 2012 and later.
+      # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3232669 explains the issue.
+      set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -wd4702")
+    endif()
+    if (NOT (MSVC_VERSION GREATER 1900))  # 1900 is Visual Studio 2015
+      # BigObj required for tests.
+      set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -bigobj")
+    endif()
+
+    set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -D_UNICODE -DUNICODE -DWIN32 -D_WIN32")
+    set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -DSTRICT -DWIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN")
+    set(cxx_exception_flags "-EHsc -D_HAS_EXCEPTIONS=1")
+    set(cxx_no_exception_flags "-D_HAS_EXCEPTIONS=0")
+    set(cxx_no_rtti_flags "-GR-")
+  elseif (CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX)
+    set(cxx_base_flags "-Wall -Wshadow")
+    set(cxx_exception_flags "-fexceptions")
+    set(cxx_no_exception_flags "-fno-exceptions")
+    # Until version 4.3.2, GCC doesn't define a macro to indicate
+    # whether RTTI is enabled.  Therefore we define GTEST_HAS_RTTI
+    # explicitly.
+    set(cxx_no_rtti_flags "-fno-rtti -DGTEST_HAS_RTTI=0")
+    set(cxx_strict_flags
+      "-Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-missing-field-initializers")
+  elseif (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "SunPro")
+    set(cxx_exception_flags "-features=except")
+    # Sun Pro doesn't provide macros to indicate whether exceptions and
+    # RTTI are enabled, so we define GTEST_HAS_* explicitly.
+    set(cxx_no_exception_flags "-features=no%except -DGTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS=0")
+    set(cxx_no_rtti_flags "-features=no%rtti -DGTEST_HAS_RTTI=0")
+  elseif (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "VisualAge" OR
+      CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "XL")
+    # CMake 2.8 changes Visual Age's compiler ID to "XL".
+    set(cxx_exception_flags "-qeh")
+    set(cxx_no_exception_flags "-qnoeh")
+    # Until version 9.0, Visual Age doesn't define a macro to indicate
+    # whether RTTI is enabled.  Therefore we define GTEST_HAS_RTTI
+    # explicitly.
+    set(cxx_no_rtti_flags "-qnortti -DGTEST_HAS_RTTI=0")
+  elseif (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "HP")
+    set(cxx_base_flags "-AA -mt")
+    set(cxx_exception_flags "-DGTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS=1")
+    set(cxx_no_exception_flags "+noeh -DGTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS=0")
+    # RTTI can not be disabled in HP aCC compiler.
+    set(cxx_no_rtti_flags "")
+  endif()
+
+  if (CMAKE_USE_PTHREADS_INIT)  # The pthreads library is available and allowed.
+    set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=1")
+  else()
+    set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=0")
+  endif()
+
+  # For building gtest's own tests and samples.
+  set(cxx_exception "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} ${cxx_base_flags} ${cxx_exception_flags}")
+  set(cxx_no_exception
+    "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} ${cxx_base_flags} ${cxx_no_exception_flags}")
+  set(cxx_default "${cxx_exception}")
+  set(cxx_no_rtti "${cxx_default} ${cxx_no_rtti_flags}")
+  set(cxx_use_own_tuple "${cxx_default} -DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=1")
+
+  # For building the gtest libraries.
+  set(cxx_strict "${cxx_default} ${cxx_strict_flags}")
+endmacro()
+
+# Defines the gtest & gtest_main libraries.  User tests should link
+# with one of them.
+function(cxx_library_with_type name type cxx_flags)
+  # type can be either STATIC or SHARED to denote a static or shared library.
+  # ARGN refers to additional arguments after 'cxx_flags'.
+  add_library(${name} ${type} ${ARGN})
+  set_target_properties(${name}
+    PROPERTIES
+    COMPILE_FLAGS "${cxx_flags}")
+  if (BUILD_SHARED_LIBS OR type STREQUAL "SHARED")
+    set_target_properties(${name}
+      PROPERTIES
+      COMPILE_DEFINITIONS "GTEST_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY=1")
+  endif()
+  if (CMAKE_USE_PTHREADS_INIT)
+    target_link_libraries(${name} ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+  endif()
+endfunction()
+
+########################################################################
+#
+# Helper functions for creating build targets.
+
+function(cxx_shared_library name cxx_flags)
+  cxx_library_with_type(${name} SHARED "${cxx_flags}" ${ARGN})
+endfunction()
+
+function(cxx_library name cxx_flags)
+  cxx_library_with_type(${name} "" "${cxx_flags}" ${ARGN})
+endfunction()
+
+# cxx_executable_with_flags(name cxx_flags libs srcs...)
+#
+# creates a named C++ executable that depends on the given libraries and
+# is built from the given source files with the given compiler flags.
+function(cxx_executable_with_flags name cxx_flags libs)
+  add_executable(${name} ${ARGN})
+  if (cxx_flags)
+    set_target_properties(${name}
+      PROPERTIES
+      COMPILE_FLAGS "${cxx_flags}")
+  endif()
+  if (BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
+    set_target_properties(${name}
+      PROPERTIES
+      COMPILE_DEFINITIONS "GTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY=1")
+  endif()
+  # To support mixing linking in static and dynamic libraries, link each
+  # library in with an extra call to target_link_libraries.
+  foreach (lib "${libs}")
+    target_link_libraries(${name} ${lib})
+  endforeach()
+endfunction()
+
+# cxx_executable(name dir lib srcs...)
+#
+# creates a named target that depends on the given libs and is built
+# from the given source files.  dir/name.cc is implicitly included in
+# the source file list.
+function(cxx_executable name dir libs)
+  cxx_executable_with_flags(
+    ${name} "${cxx_default}" "${libs}" "${dir}/${name}.cc" ${ARGN})
+endfunction()
+
+# Sets PYTHONINTERP_FOUND and PYTHON_EXECUTABLE.
+find_package(PythonInterp)
+
+# cxx_test_with_flags(name cxx_flags libs srcs...)
+#
+# creates a named C++ test that depends on the given libs and is built
+# from the given source files with the given compiler flags.
+function(cxx_test_with_flags name cxx_flags libs)
+  cxx_executable_with_flags(${name} "${cxx_flags}" "${libs}" ${ARGN})
+  add_test(${name} ${name})
+endfunction()
+
+# cxx_test(name libs srcs...)
+#
+# creates a named test target that depends on the given libs and is
+# built from the given source files.  Unlike cxx_test_with_flags,
+# test/name.cc is already implicitly included in the source file list.
+function(cxx_test name libs)
+  cxx_test_with_flags("${name}" "${cxx_default}" "${libs}"
+    "test/${name}.cc" ${ARGN})
+endfunction()
+
+# py_test(name)
+#
+# creates a Python test with the given name whose main module is in
+# test/name.py.  It does nothing if Python is not installed.
+function(py_test name)
+  # We are not supporting Python tests on Linux yet as they consider
+  # all Linux environments to be google3 and try to use google3 features.
+  if (PYTHONINTERP_FOUND)
+    # ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR} is known at configuration time, so we can
+    # directly bind it from cmake. ${CTEST_CONFIGURATION_TYPE} is known
+    # only at ctest runtime (by calling ctest -c <Configuration>), so
+    # we have to escape $ to delay variable substitution here.
+    if (${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION} GREATER 3.1)
+      add_test(
+        NAME ${name}
+        COMMAND ${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/${name}.py
+            --build_dir=${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/$<CONFIGURATION>)
+    else (${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION} GREATER 3.1)
+      add_test(
+        ${name}
+        ${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/${name}.py
+          --build_dir=${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/\${CTEST_CONFIGURATION_TYPE})
+    endif (${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION} GREATER 3.1)
+  endif()
+endfunction()
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/codegear/gtest.cbproj b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/codegear/gtest.cbproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..285bb2a87b4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/codegear/gtest.cbproj
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <ProjectGuid>{bca37a72-5b07-46cf-b44e-89f8e06451a2}</ProjectGuid>
+    <Config Condition="'$(Config)'==''">Release</Config>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Config)'=='Base' or '$(Base)'!=''">
+    <Base>true</Base>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Config)'=='Debug' or '$(Cfg_1)'!=''">
+    <Base>true</Base>
+    <Cfg_1>true</Cfg_1>
+    <CfgParent>Base</CfgParent>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Config)'=='Release' or '$(Cfg_2)'!=''">
+    <Base>true</Base>
+    <Cfg_2>true</Cfg_2>
+    <CfgParent>Base</CfgParent>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Base)'!=''">
+    <BCC_OptimizeForSpeed>true</BCC_OptimizeForSpeed>
+    <OutputExt>lib</OutputExt>
+    <DCC_CBuilderOutput>JPHNE</DCC_CBuilderOutput>
+    <Defines>NO_STRICT</Defines>
+    <DynamicRTL>true</DynamicRTL>
+    <UsePackages>true</UsePackages>
+    <ProjectType>CppStaticLibrary</ProjectType>
+    <BCC_CPPCompileAlways>true</BCC_CPPCompileAlways>
+    <PackageImports>rtl.bpi;vcl.bpi;bcbie.bpi;vclx.bpi;vclactnband.bpi;xmlrtl.bpi;bcbsmp.bpi;dbrtl.bpi;vcldb.bpi;bdertl.bpi;vcldbx.bpi;dsnap.bpi;dsnapcon.bpi;vclib.bpi;ibxpress.bpi;adortl.bpi;dbxcds.bpi;dbexpress.bpi;DbxCommonDriver.bpi;websnap.bpi;vclie.bpi;webdsnap.bpi;inet.bpi;inetdbbde.bpi;inetdbxpress.bpi;soaprtl.bpi;Rave75VCL.bpi;teeUI.bpi;tee.bpi;teedb.bpi;IndyCore.bpi;IndySystem.bpi;IndyProtocols.bpi;IntrawebDB_90_100.bpi;Intraweb_90_100.bpi;dclZipForged11.bpi;vclZipForged11.bpi;GR32_BDS2006.bpi;GR32_DSGN_BDS2006.bpi;Jcl.bpi;JclVcl.bpi;JvCoreD11R.bpi;JvSystemD11R.bpi;JvStdCtrlsD11R.bpi;JvAppFrmD11R.bpi;JvBandsD11R.bpi;JvDBD11R.bpi;JvDlgsD11R.bpi;JvBDED11R.bpi;JvCmpD11R.bpi;JvCryptD11R.bpi;JvCtrlsD11R.bpi;JvCustomD11R.bpi;JvDockingD11R.bpi;JvDotNetCtrlsD11R.bpi;JvEDID11R.bpi;JvGlobusD11R.bpi;JvHMID11R.bpi;JvInterpreterD11R.bpi;JvJansD11R.bpi;JvManagedThreadsD11R.bpi;JvMMD11R.bpi;JvNetD11R.bpi;JvPageCompsD11R.bpi;JvPluginD11R.bpi;JvPrintPreviewD11R.bpi;JvRuntimeDesignD11R.bpi;JvTimeFrameworkD11R.bpi;JvValidatorsD11R.bpi;JvWizardD11R.bpi;JvXPCtrlsD11R.bpi;VclSmp.bpi;CExceptionExpert11.bpi</PackageImports>
+    <BCC_wpar>false</BCC_wpar>
+    <IncludePath>$(BDS)\include;$(BDS)\include\dinkumware;$(BDS)\include\vcl;..\src;..\include;..</IncludePath>
+    <AllPackageLibs>rtl.lib;vcl.lib</AllPackageLibs>
+    <TLIB_PageSize>32</TLIB_PageSize>
+    <ILINK_LibraryPath>$(BDS)\lib;$(BDS)\lib\obj;$(BDS)\lib\psdk</ILINK_LibraryPath>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Cfg_1)'!=''">
+    <BCC_OptimizeForSpeed>false</BCC_OptimizeForSpeed>
+    <DCC_Optimize>false</DCC_Optimize>
+    <DCC_DebugInfoInExe>true</DCC_DebugInfoInExe>
+    <Defines>_DEBUG;$(Defines)</Defines>
+    <ILINK_FullDebugInfo>true</ILINK_FullDebugInfo>
+    <BCC_InlineFunctionExpansion>false</BCC_InlineFunctionExpansion>
+    <ILINK_DisableIncrementalLinking>true</ILINK_DisableIncrementalLinking>
+    <BCC_UseRegisterVariables>None</BCC_UseRegisterVariables>
+    <DCC_Define>DEBUG</DCC_Define>
+    <BCC_DebugLineNumbers>true</BCC_DebugLineNumbers>
+    <IntermediateOutputDir>Debug</IntermediateOutputDir>
+    <TASM_DisplaySourceLines>true</TASM_DisplaySourceLines>
+    <BCC_StackFrames>true</BCC_StackFrames>
+    <BCC_DisableOptimizations>true</BCC_DisableOptimizations>
+    <ILINK_LibraryPath>$(BDS)\lib\debug;$(ILINK_LibraryPath)</ILINK_LibraryPath>
+    <TASM_Debugging>Full</TASM_Debugging>
+    <BCC_SourceDebuggingOn>true</BCC_SourceDebuggingOn>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Cfg_2)'!=''">
+    <Defines>NDEBUG;$(Defines)</Defines>
+    <IntermediateOutputDir>Release</IntermediateOutputDir>
+    <ILINK_LibraryPath>$(BDS)\lib\release;$(ILINK_LibraryPath)</ILINK_LibraryPath>
+    <TASM_Debugging>None</TASM_Debugging>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ProjectExtensions>
+    <Borland.Personality>CPlusPlusBuilder.Personality</Borland.Personality>
+    <Borland.ProjectType>CppStaticLibrary</Borland.ProjectType>
+    <BorlandProject>
+<BorlandProject><CPlusPlusBuilder.Personality><VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="IncludeVerInfo">False</VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="AutoIncBuild">False</VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="MajorVer">1</VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="MinorVer">0</VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="Release">0</VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="Build">0</VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="Debug">False</VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="PreRelease">False</VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="Special">False</VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="Private">False</VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="DLL">False</VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="Locale">1033</VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="CodePage">1252</VersionInfo></VersionInfo><VersionInfoKeys><VersionInfoKeys Name="CompanyName"></VersionInfoKeys><VersionInfoKeys Name="FileDescription"></VersionInfoKeys><VersionInfoKeys Name="FileVersion">1.0.0.0</VersionInfoKeys><VersionInfoKeys Name="InternalName"></VersionInfoKeys><VersionInfoKeys Name="LegalCopyright"></VersionInfoKeys><VersionInfoKeys Name="LegalTrademarks"></VersionInfoKeys><VersionInfoKeys Name="OriginalFilename"></VersionInfoKeys><VersionInfoKeys Name="ProductName"></VersionInfoKeys><VersionInfoKeys Name="ProductVersion">1.0.0.0</VersionInfoKeys><VersionInfoKeys Name="Comments"></VersionInfoKeys></VersionInfoKeys><Debugging><Debugging Name="DebugSourceDirs"></Debugging></Debugging><Parameters><Parameters Name="RunParams"></Parameters><Parameters Name="Launcher"></Parameters><Parameters Name="UseLauncher">False</Parameters><Parameters Name="DebugCWD"></Parameters><Parameters Name="HostApplication"></Parameters><Parameters Name="RemoteHost"></Parameters><Parameters Name="RemotePath"></Parameters><Parameters Name="RemoteParams"></Parameters><Parameters Name="RemoteLauncher"></Parameters><Parameters Name="UseRemoteLauncher">False</Parameters><Parameters Name="RemoteCWD"></Parameters><Parameters Name="RemoteDebug">False</Parameters><Parameters Name="Debug Symbols Search Path"></Parameters><Parameters Name="LoadAllSymbols">True</Parameters><Parameters Name="LoadUnspecifiedSymbols">False</Parameters></Parameters><Excluded_Packages>
+      
+      
+      <Excluded_Packages Name="$(BDS)\bin\bcboffice2k100.bpl">CodeGear C++Builder Office 2000 Servers Package</Excluded_Packages>
+      <Excluded_Packages Name="$(BDS)\bin\bcbofficexp100.bpl">CodeGear C++Builder Office XP Servers Package</Excluded_Packages>
+    </Excluded_Packages><Linker><Linker Name="LibPrefix"></Linker><Linker Name="LibSuffix"></Linker><Linker Name="LibVersion"></Linker></Linker><ProjectProperties><ProjectProperties Name="AutoShowDeps">False</ProjectProperties><ProjectProperties Name="ManagePaths">True</ProjectProperties><ProjectProperties Name="VerifyPackages">True</ProjectProperties></ProjectProperties><HistoryLists_hlIncludePath><HistoryLists_hlIncludePath Name="Count">3</HistoryLists_hlIncludePath><HistoryLists_hlIncludePath Name="Item0">$(BDS)\include;$(BDS)\include\dinkumware;$(BDS)\include\vcl;..\src;..\include;..</HistoryLists_hlIncludePath><HistoryLists_hlIncludePath Name="Item1">$(BDS)\include;$(BDS)\include\dinkumware;$(BDS)\include\vcl;..\src;..\include;..</HistoryLists_hlIncludePath><HistoryLists_hlIncludePath Name="Item2">$(BDS)\include;$(BDS)\include\dinkumware;$(BDS)\include\vcl;..\src;..\src;..\include</HistoryLists_hlIncludePath></HistoryLists_hlIncludePath><HistoryLists_hlILINK_LibraryPath><HistoryLists_hlILINK_LibraryPath Name="Count">1</HistoryLists_hlILINK_LibraryPath><HistoryLists_hlILINK_LibraryPath Name="Item0">$(BDS)\lib;$(BDS)\lib\obj;$(BDS)\lib\psdk</HistoryLists_hlILINK_LibraryPath></HistoryLists_hlILINK_LibraryPath><HistoryLists_hlDefines><HistoryLists_hlDefines Name="Count">1</HistoryLists_hlDefines><HistoryLists_hlDefines Name="Item0">NO_STRICT</HistoryLists_hlDefines></HistoryLists_hlDefines><HistoryLists_hlTLIB_PageSize><HistoryLists_hlTLIB_PageSize Name="Count">1</HistoryLists_hlTLIB_PageSize><HistoryLists_hlTLIB_PageSize Name="Item0">32</HistoryLists_hlTLIB_PageSize><HistoryLists_hlTLIB_PageSize Name="Item1">16</HistoryLists_hlTLIB_PageSize></HistoryLists_hlTLIB_PageSize></CPlusPlusBuilder.Personality></BorlandProject></BorlandProject>
+  </ProjectExtensions>
+  <Import Project="$(MSBuildBinPath)\Borland.Cpp.Targets" />
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="..\include\gtest\gtest-death-test.h">
+      <BuildOrder>3</BuildOrder>
+    </None>
+    <None Include="..\include\gtest\gtest-message.h">
+      <BuildOrder>4</BuildOrder>
+    </None>
+    <None Include="..\include\gtest\gtest-param-test.h">
+      <BuildOrder>5</BuildOrder>
+    </None>
+    <None Include="..\include\gtest\gtest-spi.h">
+      <BuildOrder>6</BuildOrder>
+    </None>
+    <None Include="..\include\gtest\gtest-test-part.h">
+      <BuildOrder>7</BuildOrder>
+    </None>
+    <None Include="..\include\gtest\gtest-typed-test.h">
+      <BuildOrder>8</BuildOrder>
+    </None>
+    <None Include="..\include\gtest\gtest.h">
+      <BuildOrder>0</BuildOrder>
+    </None>
+    <None Include="..\include\gtest\gtest_pred_impl.h">
+      <BuildOrder>1</BuildOrder>
+    </None>
+    <None Include="..\include\gtest\gtest_prod.h">
+      <BuildOrder>2</BuildOrder>
+    </None>
+    <None Include="..\include\gtest\internal\gtest-death-test-internal.h">
+      <BuildOrder>9</BuildOrder>
+    </None>
+    <None Include="..\include\gtest\internal\gtest-filepath.h">
+      <BuildOrder>10</BuildOrder>
+    </None>
+    <None Include="..\include\gtest\internal\gtest-internal.h">
+      <BuildOrder>11</BuildOrder>
+    </None>
+    <None Include="..\include\gtest\internal\gtest-linked_ptr.h">
+      <BuildOrder>12</BuildOrder>
+    </None>
+    <None Include="..\include\gtest\internal\gtest-param-util-generated.h">
+      <BuildOrder>14</BuildOrder>
+    </None>
+    <None Include="..\include\gtest\internal\gtest-param-util.h">
+      <BuildOrder>13</BuildOrder>
+    </None>
+    <None Include="..\include\gtest\internal\gtest-port.h">
+      <BuildOrder>15</BuildOrder>
+    </None>
+    <None Include="..\include\gtest\internal\gtest-string.h">
+      <BuildOrder>16</BuildOrder>
+    </None>
+    <None Include="..\include\gtest\internal\gtest-type-util.h">
+      <BuildOrder>17</BuildOrder>
+    </None>
+    <CppCompile Include="gtest_all.cc">
+      <BuildOrder>18</BuildOrder>
+    </CppCompile>
+    <BuildConfiguration Include="Debug">
+      <Key>Cfg_1</Key>
+    </BuildConfiguration>
+    <BuildConfiguration Include="Release">
+      <Key>Cfg_2</Key>
+    </BuildConfiguration>
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/codegear/gtest.groupproj b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/codegear/gtest.groupproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..849f4c4b8102
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/codegear/gtest.groupproj
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<Project xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <ProjectGuid>{c1d923e0-6cba-4332-9b6f-3420acbf5091}</ProjectGuid>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemGroup />
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Projects Include="gtest.cbproj" />
+    <Projects Include="gtest_main.cbproj" />
+    <Projects Include="gtest_unittest.cbproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ProjectExtensions>
+    <Borland.Personality>Default.Personality</Borland.Personality>
+    <Borland.ProjectType />
+    <BorlandProject>
+<BorlandProject xmlns=""><Default.Personality></Default.Personality></BorlandProject></BorlandProject>
+  </ProjectExtensions>
+  <Target Name="gtest">
+    <MSBuild Projects="gtest.cbproj" Targets="" />
+  </Target>
+  <Target Name="gtest:Clean">
+    <MSBuild Projects="gtest.cbproj" Targets="Clean" />
+  </Target>
+  <Target Name="gtest:Make">
+    <MSBuild Projects="gtest.cbproj" Targets="Make" />
+  </Target>
+  <Target Name="gtest_main">
+    <MSBuild Projects="gtest_main.cbproj" Targets="" />
+  </Target>
+  <Target Name="gtest_main:Clean">
+    <MSBuild Projects="gtest_main.cbproj" Targets="Clean" />
+  </Target>
+  <Target Name="gtest_main:Make">
+    <MSBuild Projects="gtest_main.cbproj" Targets="Make" />
+  </Target>
+  <Target Name="gtest_unittest">
+    <MSBuild Projects="gtest_unittest.cbproj" Targets="" />
+  </Target>
+  <Target Name="gtest_unittest:Clean">
+    <MSBuild Projects="gtest_unittest.cbproj" Targets="Clean" />
+  </Target>
+  <Target Name="gtest_unittest:Make">
+    <MSBuild Projects="gtest_unittest.cbproj" Targets="Make" />
+  </Target>
+  <Target Name="Build">
+    <CallTarget Targets="gtest;gtest_main;gtest_unittest" />
+  </Target>
+  <Target Name="Clean">
+    <CallTarget Targets="gtest:Clean;gtest_main:Clean;gtest_unittest:Clean" />
+  </Target>
+  <Target Name="Make">
+    <CallTarget Targets="gtest:Make;gtest_main:Make;gtest_unittest:Make" />
+  </Target>
+  <Import Condition="Exists('$(MSBuildBinPath)\Borland.Group.Targets')" Project="$(MSBuildBinPath)\Borland.Group.Targets" />
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/codegear/gtest_all.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/codegear/gtest_all.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ba7ad68ad1ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/codegear/gtest_all.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Copyright 2009, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: Josh Kelley (joshkel@gmail.com)
+//
+// Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+//
+// C++Builder's IDE cannot build a static library from files with hyphens
+// in their name.  See http://qc.codegear.com/wc/qcmain.aspx?d=70977 .
+// This file serves as a workaround.
+
+#include "src/gtest-all.cc"
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/codegear/gtest_link.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/codegear/gtest_link.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b955ebf2f911
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/codegear/gtest_link.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Copyright 2009, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: Josh Kelley (joshkel@gmail.com)
+//
+// Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+//
+// Links gtest.lib and gtest_main.lib into the current project in C++Builder.
+// This means that these libraries can't be renamed, but it's the only way to
+// ensure that Debug versus Release test builds are linked against the
+// appropriate Debug or Release build of the libraries.
+
+#pragma link "gtest.lib"
+#pragma link "gtest_main.lib"
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/codegear/gtest_main.cbproj b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/codegear/gtest_main.cbproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fae32cb29b61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/codegear/gtest_main.cbproj
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <ProjectGuid>{bca37a72-5b07-46cf-b44e-89f8e06451a2}</ProjectGuid>
+    <Config Condition="'$(Config)'==''">Release</Config>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Config)'=='Base' or '$(Base)'!=''">
+    <Base>true</Base>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Config)'=='Debug' or '$(Cfg_1)'!=''">
+    <Base>true</Base>
+    <Cfg_1>true</Cfg_1>
+    <CfgParent>Base</CfgParent>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Config)'=='Release' or '$(Cfg_2)'!=''">
+    <Base>true</Base>
+    <Cfg_2>true</Cfg_2>
+    <CfgParent>Base</CfgParent>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Base)'!=''">
+    <BCC_OptimizeForSpeed>true</BCC_OptimizeForSpeed>
+    <OutputExt>lib</OutputExt>
+    <DCC_CBuilderOutput>JPHNE</DCC_CBuilderOutput>
+    <Defines>NO_STRICT</Defines>
+    <DynamicRTL>true</DynamicRTL>
+    <UsePackages>true</UsePackages>
+    <ProjectType>CppStaticLibrary</ProjectType>
+    <BCC_CPPCompileAlways>true</BCC_CPPCompileAlways>
+    <PackageImports>rtl.bpi;vcl.bpi;bcbie.bpi;vclx.bpi;vclactnband.bpi;xmlrtl.bpi;bcbsmp.bpi;dbrtl.bpi;vcldb.bpi;bdertl.bpi;vcldbx.bpi;dsnap.bpi;dsnapcon.bpi;vclib.bpi;ibxpress.bpi;adortl.bpi;dbxcds.bpi;dbexpress.bpi;DbxCommonDriver.bpi;websnap.bpi;vclie.bpi;webdsnap.bpi;inet.bpi;inetdbbde.bpi;inetdbxpress.bpi;soaprtl.bpi;Rave75VCL.bpi;teeUI.bpi;tee.bpi;teedb.bpi;IndyCore.bpi;IndySystem.bpi;IndyProtocols.bpi;IntrawebDB_90_100.bpi;Intraweb_90_100.bpi;dclZipForged11.bpi;vclZipForged11.bpi;GR32_BDS2006.bpi;GR32_DSGN_BDS2006.bpi;Jcl.bpi;JclVcl.bpi;JvCoreD11R.bpi;JvSystemD11R.bpi;JvStdCtrlsD11R.bpi;JvAppFrmD11R.bpi;JvBandsD11R.bpi;JvDBD11R.bpi;JvDlgsD11R.bpi;JvBDED11R.bpi;JvCmpD11R.bpi;JvCryptD11R.bpi;JvCtrlsD11R.bpi;JvCustomD11R.bpi;JvDockingD11R.bpi;JvDotNetCtrlsD11R.bpi;JvEDID11R.bpi;JvGlobusD11R.bpi;JvHMID11R.bpi;JvInterpreterD11R.bpi;JvJansD11R.bpi;JvManagedThreadsD11R.bpi;JvMMD11R.bpi;JvNetD11R.bpi;JvPageCompsD11R.bpi;JvPluginD11R.bpi;JvPrintPreviewD11R.bpi;JvRuntimeDesignD11R.bpi;JvTimeFrameworkD11R.bpi;JvValidatorsD11R.bpi;JvWizardD11R.bpi;JvXPCtrlsD11R.bpi;VclSmp.bpi;CExceptionExpert11.bpi</PackageImports>
+    <BCC_wpar>false</BCC_wpar>
+    <IncludePath>$(BDS)\include;$(BDS)\include\dinkumware;$(BDS)\include\vcl;..\src;..\include;..</IncludePath>
+    <AllPackageLibs>rtl.lib;vcl.lib</AllPackageLibs>
+    <TLIB_PageSize>32</TLIB_PageSize>
+    <ILINK_LibraryPath>$(BDS)\lib;$(BDS)\lib\obj;$(BDS)\lib\psdk</ILINK_LibraryPath>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Cfg_1)'!=''">
+    <BCC_OptimizeForSpeed>false</BCC_OptimizeForSpeed>
+    <DCC_Optimize>false</DCC_Optimize>
+    <DCC_DebugInfoInExe>true</DCC_DebugInfoInExe>
+    <Defines>_DEBUG;$(Defines)</Defines>
+    <ILINK_FullDebugInfo>true</ILINK_FullDebugInfo>
+    <BCC_InlineFunctionExpansion>false</BCC_InlineFunctionExpansion>
+    <ILINK_DisableIncrementalLinking>true</ILINK_DisableIncrementalLinking>
+    <BCC_UseRegisterVariables>None</BCC_UseRegisterVariables>
+    <DCC_Define>DEBUG</DCC_Define>
+    <BCC_DebugLineNumbers>true</BCC_DebugLineNumbers>
+    <IntermediateOutputDir>Debug</IntermediateOutputDir>
+    <TASM_DisplaySourceLines>true</TASM_DisplaySourceLines>
+    <BCC_StackFrames>true</BCC_StackFrames>
+    <BCC_DisableOptimizations>true</BCC_DisableOptimizations>
+    <ILINK_LibraryPath>$(BDS)\lib\debug;$(ILINK_LibraryPath)</ILINK_LibraryPath>
+    <TASM_Debugging>Full</TASM_Debugging>
+    <BCC_SourceDebuggingOn>true</BCC_SourceDebuggingOn>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Cfg_2)'!=''">
+    <Defines>NDEBUG;$(Defines)</Defines>
+    <IntermediateOutputDir>Release</IntermediateOutputDir>
+    <ILINK_LibraryPath>$(BDS)\lib\release;$(ILINK_LibraryPath)</ILINK_LibraryPath>
+    <TASM_Debugging>None</TASM_Debugging>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ProjectExtensions>
+    <Borland.Personality>CPlusPlusBuilder.Personality</Borland.Personality>
+    <Borland.ProjectType>CppStaticLibrary</Borland.ProjectType>
+    <BorlandProject>
+<BorlandProject><CPlusPlusBuilder.Personality><VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="IncludeVerInfo">False</VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="AutoIncBuild">False</VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="MajorVer">1</VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="MinorVer">0</VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="Release">0</VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="Build">0</VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="Debug">False</VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="PreRelease">False</VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="Special">False</VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="Private">False</VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="DLL">False</VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="Locale">1033</VersionInfo><VersionInfo Name="CodePage">1252</VersionInfo></VersionInfo><VersionInfoKeys><VersionInfoKeys Name="CompanyName"></VersionInfoKeys><VersionInfoKeys Name="FileDescription"></VersionInfoKeys><VersionInfoKeys Name="FileVersion">1.0.0.0</VersionInfoKeys><VersionInfoKeys Name="InternalName"></VersionInfoKeys><VersionInfoKeys Name="LegalCopyright"></VersionInfoKeys><VersionInfoKeys Name="LegalTrademarks"></VersionInfoKeys><VersionInfoKeys Name="OriginalFilename"></VersionInfoKeys><VersionInfoKeys Name="ProductName"></VersionInfoKeys><VersionInfoKeys Name="ProductVersion">1.0.0.0</VersionInfoKeys><VersionInfoKeys Name="Comments"></VersionInfoKeys></VersionInfoKeys><Debugging><Debugging Name="DebugSourceDirs"></Debugging></Debugging><Parameters><Parameters Name="RunParams"></Parameters><Parameters Name="Launcher"></Parameters><Parameters Name="UseLauncher">False</Parameters><Parameters Name="DebugCWD"></Parameters><Parameters Name="HostApplication"></Parameters><Parameters Name="RemoteHost"></Parameters><Parameters Name="RemotePath"></Parameters><Parameters Name="RemoteParams"></Parameters><Parameters Name="RemoteLauncher"></Parameters><Parameters Name="UseRemoteLauncher">False</Parameters><Parameters Name="RemoteCWD"></Parameters><Parameters Name="RemoteDebug">False</Parameters><Parameters Name="Debug Symbols Search Path"></Parameters><Parameters Name="LoadAllSymbols">True</Parameters><Parameters Name="LoadUnspecifiedSymbols">False</Parameters></Parameters><Excluded_Packages>
+      <Excluded_Packages Name="$(BDS)\bin\bcboffice2k100.bpl">CodeGear C++Builder Office 2000 Servers Package</Excluded_Packages>
+      <Excluded_Packages Name="$(BDS)\bin\bcbofficexp100.bpl">CodeGear C++Builder Office XP Servers Package</Excluded_Packages>
+    </Excluded_Packages><Linker><Linker Name="LibPrefix"></Linker><Linker Name="LibSuffix"></Linker><Linker Name="LibVersion"></Linker></Linker><ProjectProperties><ProjectProperties Name="AutoShowDeps">False</ProjectProperties><ProjectProperties Name="ManagePaths">True</ProjectProperties><ProjectProperties Name="VerifyPackages">True</ProjectProperties></ProjectProperties><HistoryLists_hlIncludePath><HistoryLists_hlIncludePath Name="Count">3</HistoryLists_hlIncludePath><HistoryLists_hlIncludePath Name="Item0">$(BDS)\include;$(BDS)\include\dinkumware;$(BDS)\include\vcl;..\src;..\include;..</HistoryLists_hlIncludePath><HistoryLists_hlIncludePath Name="Item1">$(BDS)\include;$(BDS)\include\dinkumware;$(BDS)\include\vcl;..\src;..\include;..</HistoryLists_hlIncludePath><HistoryLists_hlIncludePath Name="Item2">$(BDS)\include;$(BDS)\include\dinkumware;$(BDS)\include\vcl;..\src;..\src;..\include</HistoryLists_hlIncludePath></HistoryLists_hlIncludePath><HistoryLists_hlILINK_LibraryPath><HistoryLists_hlILINK_LibraryPath Name="Count">1</HistoryLists_hlILINK_LibraryPath><HistoryLists_hlILINK_LibraryPath Name="Item0">$(BDS)\lib;$(BDS)\lib\obj;$(BDS)\lib\psdk</HistoryLists_hlILINK_LibraryPath></HistoryLists_hlILINK_LibraryPath><HistoryLists_hlDefines><HistoryLists_hlDefines Name="Count">1</HistoryLists_hlDefines><HistoryLists_hlDefines Name="Item0">NO_STRICT</HistoryLists_hlDefines></HistoryLists_hlDefines><HistoryLists_hlTLIB_PageSize><HistoryLists_hlTLIB_PageSize Name="Count">1</HistoryLists_hlTLIB_PageSize><HistoryLists_hlTLIB_PageSize Name="Item0">32</HistoryLists_hlTLIB_PageSize><HistoryLists_hlTLIB_PageSize Name="Item1">16</HistoryLists_hlTLIB_PageSize></HistoryLists_hlTLIB_PageSize></CPlusPlusBuilder.Personality></BorlandProject></BorlandProject>
+  </ProjectExtensions>
+  <Import Project="$(MSBuildBinPath)\Borland.Cpp.Targets" />
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <CppCompile Include="..\src\gtest_main.cc">
+      <BuildOrder>0</BuildOrder>
+    </CppCompile>
+    <BuildConfiguration Include="Debug">
+      <Key>Cfg_1</Key>
+    </BuildConfiguration>
+    <BuildConfiguration Include="Release">
+      <Key>Cfg_2</Key>
+    </BuildConfiguration>
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/codegear/gtest_unittest.cbproj b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/codegear/gtest_unittest.cbproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..33f70563469b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/codegear/gtest_unittest.cbproj
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <ProjectGuid>{eea63393-5ac5-4b9c-8909-d75fef2daa41}</ProjectGuid>
+    <Config Condition="'$(Config)'==''">Release</Config>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Config)'=='Base' or '$(Base)'!=''">
+    <Base>true</Base>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Config)'=='Debug' or '$(Cfg_1)'!=''">
+    <Base>true</Base>
+    <Cfg_1>true</Cfg_1>
+    <CfgParent>Base</CfgParent>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Config)'=='Release' or '$(Cfg_2)'!=''">
+    <Base>true</Base>
+    <Cfg_2>true</Cfg_2>
+    <CfgParent>Base</CfgParent>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Base)'!=''">
+    <OutputExt>exe</OutputExt>
+    <BCC_OptimizeForSpeed>true</BCC_OptimizeForSpeed>
+    <Defines>NO_STRICT</Defines>
+    <DCC_CBuilderOutput>JPHNE</DCC_CBuilderOutput>
+    <DynamicRTL>true</DynamicRTL>
+    <ILINK_ObjectSearchPath>..\test</ILINK_ObjectSearchPath>
+    <UsePackages>true</UsePackages>
+    <ProjectType>CppConsoleApplication</ProjectType>
+    <NoVCL>true</NoVCL>
+    <BCC_CPPCompileAlways>true</BCC_CPPCompileAlways>
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+    <BCC_wpar>false</BCC_wpar>
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+    <Multithreaded>true</Multithreaded>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Cfg_1)'!=''">
+    <BCC_OptimizeForSpeed>false</BCC_OptimizeForSpeed>
+    <DCC_Optimize>false</DCC_Optimize>
+    <DCC_DebugInfoInExe>true</DCC_DebugInfoInExe>
+    <Defines>_DEBUG;$(Defines)</Defines>
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+    <BCC_DebugLineNumbers>true</BCC_DebugLineNumbers>
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+    <BCC_SourceDebuggingOn>true</BCC_SourceDebuggingOn>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Cfg_2)'!=''">
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+      <Excluded_Packages Name="$(BDS)\bin\bcbofficexp100.bpl">CodeGear C++Builder Office XP Servers Package</Excluded_Packages>
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+  </ProjectExtensions>
+  <Import Project="$(MSBuildBinPath)\Borland.Cpp.Targets" />
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+    </CppCompile>
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+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/configure.ac b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/configure.ac
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cc592e158302
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/configure.ac
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+m4_include(m4/acx_pthread.m4)
+
+# At this point, the Xcode project assumes the version string will be three
+# integers separated by periods and surrounded by square brackets (e.g.
+# "[1.0.1]"). It also asumes that there won't be any closing parenthesis
+# between "AC_INIT(" and the closing ")" including comments and strings.
+AC_INIT([Google C++ Testing Framework],
+        [1.7.0],
+        [googletestframework@googlegroups.com],
+        [gtest])
+
+# Provide various options to initialize the Autoconf and configure processes.
+AC_PREREQ([2.59])
+AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([./LICENSE])
+AC_CONFIG_MACRO_DIR([m4])
+AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR([build-aux])
+AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([build-aux/config.h])
+AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
+AC_CONFIG_FILES([scripts/gtest-config], [chmod +x scripts/gtest-config])
+
+# Initialize Automake with various options. We require at least v1.9, prevent
+# pedantic complaints about package files, and enable various distribution
+# targets.
+AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([1.9 dist-bzip2 dist-zip foreign subdir-objects])
+
+# Check for programs used in building Google Test.
+AC_PROG_CC
+AC_PROG_CXX
+AC_LANG([C++])
+AC_PROG_LIBTOOL
+
+# TODO(chandlerc@google.com): Currently we aren't running the Python tests
+# against the interpreter detected by AM_PATH_PYTHON, and so we condition
+# HAVE_PYTHON by requiring "python" to be in the PATH, and that interpreter's
+# version to be >= 2.3. This will allow the scripts to use a "/usr/bin/env"
+# hashbang.
+PYTHON=  # We *do not* allow the user to specify a python interpreter
+AC_PATH_PROG([PYTHON],[python],[:])
+AS_IF([test "$PYTHON" != ":"],
+      [AM_PYTHON_CHECK_VERSION([$PYTHON],[2.3],[:],[PYTHON=":"])])
+AM_CONDITIONAL([HAVE_PYTHON],[test "$PYTHON" != ":"])
+
+# Configure pthreads.
+AC_ARG_WITH([pthreads],
+            [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-pthreads],
+               [use pthreads (default is yes)])],
+            [with_pthreads=$withval],
+            [with_pthreads=check])
+
+have_pthreads=no
+AS_IF([test "x$with_pthreads" != "xno"],
+      [ACX_PTHREAD(
+        [],
+        [AS_IF([test "x$with_pthreads" != "xcheck"],
+               [AC_MSG_FAILURE(
+                 [--with-pthreads was specified, but unable to be used])])])
+       have_pthreads="$acx_pthread_ok"])
+AM_CONDITIONAL([HAVE_PTHREADS],[test "x$have_pthreads" = "xyes"])
+AC_SUBST(PTHREAD_CFLAGS)
+AC_SUBST(PTHREAD_LIBS)
+
+# TODO(chandlerc@google.com) Check for the necessary system headers.
+
+# TODO(chandlerc@google.com) Check the types, structures, and other compiler
+# and architecture characteristics.
+
+# Output the generated files. No further autoconf macros may be used.
+AC_OUTPUT
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/AdvancedGuide.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/AdvancedGuide.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..93a65200dadb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/AdvancedGuide.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2182 @@
+
+
+Now that you have read [Primer](Primer.md) and learned how to write tests
+using Google Test, it's time to learn some new tricks. This document
+will show you more assertions as well as how to construct complex
+failure messages, propagate fatal failures, reuse and speed up your
+test fixtures, and use various flags with your tests.
+
+# More Assertions #
+
+This section covers some less frequently used, but still significant,
+assertions.
+
+## Explicit Success and Failure ##
+
+These three assertions do not actually test a value or expression. Instead,
+they generate a success or failure directly. Like the macros that actually
+perform a test, you may stream a custom failure message into the them.
+
+| `SUCCEED();` |
+|:-------------|
+
+Generates a success. This does NOT make the overall test succeed. A test is
+considered successful only if none of its assertions fail during its execution.
+
+Note: `SUCCEED()` is purely documentary and currently doesn't generate any
+user-visible output. However, we may add `SUCCEED()` messages to Google Test's
+output in the future.
+
+| `FAIL();`  | `ADD_FAILURE();` | `ADD_FAILURE_AT("`_file\_path_`", `_line\_number_`);` |
+|:-----------|:-----------------|:------------------------------------------------------|
+
+`FAIL()` generates a fatal failure, while `ADD_FAILURE()` and `ADD_FAILURE_AT()` generate a nonfatal
+failure. These are useful when control flow, rather than a Boolean expression,
+deteremines the test's success or failure. For example, you might want to write
+something like:
+
+```
+switch(expression) {
+  case 1: ... some checks ...
+  case 2: ... some other checks
+  ...
+  default: FAIL() << "We shouldn't get here.";
+}
+```
+
+Note: you can only use `FAIL()` in functions that return `void`. See the [Assertion Placement section](#assertion-placement) for more information.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## Exception Assertions ##
+
+These are for verifying that a piece of code throws (or does not
+throw) an exception of the given type:
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_THROW(`_statement_, _exception\_type_`);`  | `EXPECT_THROW(`_statement_, _exception\_type_`);`  | _statement_ throws an exception of the given type  |
+| `ASSERT_ANY_THROW(`_statement_`);`                | `EXPECT_ANY_THROW(`_statement_`);`                | _statement_ throws an exception of any type        |
+| `ASSERT_NO_THROW(`_statement_`);`                 | `EXPECT_NO_THROW(`_statement_`);`                 | _statement_ doesn't throw any exception            |
+
+Examples:
+
+```
+ASSERT_THROW(Foo(5), bar_exception);
+
+EXPECT_NO_THROW({
+  int n = 5;
+  Bar(&n);
+});
+```
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac; since version 1.1.0.
+
+## Predicate Assertions for Better Error Messages ##
+
+Even though Google Test has a rich set of assertions, they can never be
+complete, as it's impossible (nor a good idea) to anticipate all the scenarios
+a user might run into. Therefore, sometimes a user has to use `EXPECT_TRUE()`
+to check a complex expression, for lack of a better macro. This has the problem
+of not showing you the values of the parts of the expression, making it hard to
+understand what went wrong. As a workaround, some users choose to construct the
+failure message by themselves, streaming it into `EXPECT_TRUE()`. However, this
+is awkward especially when the expression has side-effects or is expensive to
+evaluate.
+
+Google Test gives you three different options to solve this problem:
+
+### Using an Existing Boolean Function ###
+
+If you already have a function or a functor that returns `bool` (or a type
+that can be implicitly converted to `bool`), you can use it in a _predicate
+assertion_ to get the function arguments printed for free:
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_PRED1(`_pred1, val1_`);`       | `EXPECT_PRED1(`_pred1, val1_`);` | _pred1(val1)_ returns true |
+| `ASSERT_PRED2(`_pred2, val1, val2_`);` | `EXPECT_PRED2(`_pred2, val1, val2_`);` |  _pred2(val1, val2)_ returns true |
+|  ...                | ...                    | ...          |
+
+In the above, _predn_ is an _n_-ary predicate function or functor, where
+_val1_, _val2_, ..., and _valn_ are its arguments. The assertion succeeds
+if the predicate returns `true` when applied to the given arguments, and fails
+otherwise. When the assertion fails, it prints the value of each argument. In
+either case, the arguments are evaluated exactly once.
+
+Here's an example. Given
+
+```
+// Returns true iff m and n have no common divisors except 1.
+bool MutuallyPrime(int m, int n) { ... }
+const int a = 3;
+const int b = 4;
+const int c = 10;
+```
+
+the assertion `EXPECT_PRED2(MutuallyPrime, a, b);` will succeed, while the
+assertion `EXPECT_PRED2(MutuallyPrime, b, c);` will fail with the message
+
+<pre>
+!MutuallyPrime(b, c) is false, where<br>
+b is 4<br>
+c is 10<br>
+</pre>
+
+**Notes:**
+
+  1. If you see a compiler error "no matching function to call" when using `ASSERT_PRED*` or `EXPECT_PRED*`, please see [this FAQ](FAQ.md#the-compiler-complains-no-matching-function-to-call-when-i-use-assert_predn-how-do-i-fix-it) for how to resolve it.
+  1. Currently we only provide predicate assertions of arity <= 5. If you need a higher-arity assertion, let us know.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac
+
+### Using a Function That Returns an AssertionResult ###
+
+While `EXPECT_PRED*()` and friends are handy for a quick job, the
+syntax is not satisfactory: you have to use different macros for
+different arities, and it feels more like Lisp than C++.  The
+`::testing::AssertionResult` class solves this problem.
+
+An `AssertionResult` object represents the result of an assertion
+(whether it's a success or a failure, and an associated message).  You
+can create an `AssertionResult` using one of these factory
+functions:
+
+```
+namespace testing {
+
+// Returns an AssertionResult object to indicate that an assertion has
+// succeeded.
+AssertionResult AssertionSuccess();
+
+// Returns an AssertionResult object to indicate that an assertion has
+// failed.
+AssertionResult AssertionFailure();
+
+}
+```
+
+You can then use the `<<` operator to stream messages to the
+`AssertionResult` object.
+
+To provide more readable messages in Boolean assertions
+(e.g. `EXPECT_TRUE()`), write a predicate function that returns
+`AssertionResult` instead of `bool`. For example, if you define
+`IsEven()` as:
+
+```
+::testing::AssertionResult IsEven(int n) {
+  if ((n % 2) == 0)
+    return ::testing::AssertionSuccess();
+  else
+    return ::testing::AssertionFailure() << n << " is odd";
+}
+```
+
+instead of:
+
+```
+bool IsEven(int n) {
+  return (n % 2) == 0;
+}
+```
+
+the failed assertion `EXPECT_TRUE(IsEven(Fib(4)))` will print:
+
+<pre>
+Value of: IsEven(Fib(4))<br>
+Actual: false (*3 is odd*)<br>
+Expected: true<br>
+</pre>
+
+instead of a more opaque
+
+<pre>
+Value of: IsEven(Fib(4))<br>
+Actual: false<br>
+Expected: true<br>
+</pre>
+
+If you want informative messages in `EXPECT_FALSE` and `ASSERT_FALSE`
+as well, and are fine with making the predicate slower in the success
+case, you can supply a success message:
+
+```
+::testing::AssertionResult IsEven(int n) {
+  if ((n % 2) == 0)
+    return ::testing::AssertionSuccess() << n << " is even";
+  else
+    return ::testing::AssertionFailure() << n << " is odd";
+}
+```
+
+Then the statement `EXPECT_FALSE(IsEven(Fib(6)))` will print
+
+<pre>
+Value of: IsEven(Fib(6))<br>
+Actual: true (8 is even)<br>
+Expected: false<br>
+</pre>
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac; since version 1.4.1.
+
+### Using a Predicate-Formatter ###
+
+If you find the default message generated by `(ASSERT|EXPECT)_PRED*` and
+`(ASSERT|EXPECT)_(TRUE|FALSE)` unsatisfactory, or some arguments to your
+predicate do not support streaming to `ostream`, you can instead use the
+following _predicate-formatter assertions_ to _fully_ customize how the
+message is formatted:
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(`_pred\_format1, val1_`);`        | `EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(`_pred\_format1, val1_`);` | _pred\_format1(val1)_ is successful |
+| `ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(`_pred\_format2, val1, val2_`);` | `EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(`_pred\_format2, val1, val2_`);` | _pred\_format2(val1, val2)_ is successful |
+| `...`               | `...`                  | `...`        |
+
+The difference between this and the previous two groups of macros is that instead of
+a predicate, `(ASSERT|EXPECT)_PRED_FORMAT*` take a _predicate-formatter_
+(_pred\_formatn_), which is a function or functor with the signature:
+
+`::testing::AssertionResult PredicateFormattern(const char* `_expr1_`, const char* `_expr2_`, ... const char* `_exprn_`, T1 `_val1_`, T2 `_val2_`, ... Tn `_valn_`);`
+
+where _val1_, _val2_, ..., and _valn_ are the values of the predicate
+arguments, and _expr1_, _expr2_, ..., and _exprn_ are the corresponding
+expressions as they appear in the source code. The types `T1`, `T2`, ..., and
+`Tn` can be either value types or reference types. For example, if an
+argument has type `Foo`, you can declare it as either `Foo` or `const Foo&`,
+whichever is appropriate.
+
+A predicate-formatter returns a `::testing::AssertionResult` object to indicate
+whether the assertion has succeeded or not. The only way to create such an
+object is to call one of these factory functions:
+
+As an example, let's improve the failure message in the previous example, which uses `EXPECT_PRED2()`:
+
+```
+// Returns the smallest prime common divisor of m and n,
+// or 1 when m and n are mutually prime.
+int SmallestPrimeCommonDivisor(int m, int n) { ... }
+
+// A predicate-formatter for asserting that two integers are mutually prime.
+::testing::AssertionResult AssertMutuallyPrime(const char* m_expr,
+                                               const char* n_expr,
+                                               int m,
+                                               int n) {
+  if (MutuallyPrime(m, n))
+    return ::testing::AssertionSuccess();
+
+  return ::testing::AssertionFailure()
+      << m_expr << " and " << n_expr << " (" << m << " and " << n
+      << ") are not mutually prime, " << "as they have a common divisor "
+      << SmallestPrimeCommonDivisor(m, n);
+}
+```
+
+With this predicate-formatter, we can use
+
+```
+EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(AssertMutuallyPrime, b, c);
+```
+
+to generate the message
+
+<pre>
+b and c (4 and 10) are not mutually prime, as they have a common divisor 2.<br>
+</pre>
+
+As you may have realized, many of the assertions we introduced earlier are
+special cases of `(EXPECT|ASSERT)_PRED_FORMAT*`. In fact, most of them are
+indeed defined using `(EXPECT|ASSERT)_PRED_FORMAT*`.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+
+## Floating-Point Comparison ##
+
+Comparing floating-point numbers is tricky. Due to round-off errors, it is
+very unlikely that two floating-points will match exactly. Therefore,
+`ASSERT_EQ` 's naive comparison usually doesn't work. And since floating-points
+can have a wide value range, no single fixed error bound works. It's better to
+compare by a fixed relative error bound, except for values close to 0 due to
+the loss of precision there.
+
+In general, for floating-point comparison to make sense, the user needs to
+carefully choose the error bound. If they don't want or care to, comparing in
+terms of Units in the Last Place (ULPs) is a good default, and Google Test
+provides assertions to do this. Full details about ULPs are quite long; if you
+want to learn more, see
+[this article on float comparison](http://www.cygnus-software.com/papers/comparingfloats/comparingfloats.htm).
+
+### Floating-Point Macros ###
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(`_val1, val2_`);`  | `EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(`_val1, val2_`);` | the two `float` values are almost equal |
+| `ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(`_val1, val2_`);` | `EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(`_val1, val2_`);` | the two `double` values are almost equal |
+
+By "almost equal", we mean the two values are within 4 ULP's from each
+other.
+
+The following assertions allow you to choose the acceptable error bound:
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_NEAR(`_val1, val2, abs\_error_`);` | `EXPECT_NEAR`_(val1, val2, abs\_error_`);` | the difference between _val1_ and _val2_ doesn't exceed the given absolute error |
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Floating-Point Predicate-Format Functions ###
+
+Some floating-point operations are useful, but not that often used. In order
+to avoid an explosion of new macros, we provide them as predicate-format
+functions that can be used in predicate assertion macros (e.g.
+`EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2`, etc).
+
+```
+EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::FloatLE, val1, val2);
+EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::DoubleLE, val1, val2);
+```
+
+Verifies that _val1_ is less than, or almost equal to, _val2_. You can
+replace `EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2` in the above table with `ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2`.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## Windows HRESULT assertions ##
+
+These assertions test for `HRESULT` success or failure.
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(`_expression_`);` | `EXPECT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(`_expression_`);` | _expression_ is a success `HRESULT` |
+| `ASSERT_HRESULT_FAILED(`_expression_`);`    | `EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED(`_expression_`);`    | _expression_ is a failure `HRESULT` |
+
+The generated output contains the human-readable error message
+associated with the `HRESULT` code returned by _expression_.
+
+You might use them like this:
+
+```
+CComPtr shell;
+ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(shell.CoCreateInstance(L"Shell.Application"));
+CComVariant empty;
+ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(shell->ShellExecute(CComBSTR(url), empty, empty, empty, empty));
+```
+
+_Availability_: Windows.
+
+## Type Assertions ##
+
+You can call the function
+```
+::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<T1, T2>();
+```
+to assert that types `T1` and `T2` are the same.  The function does
+nothing if the assertion is satisfied.  If the types are different,
+the function call will fail to compile, and the compiler error message
+will likely (depending on the compiler) show you the actual values of
+`T1` and `T2`.  This is mainly useful inside template code.
+
+_Caveat:_ When used inside a member function of a class template or a
+function template, `StaticAssertTypeEq<T1, T2>()` is effective _only if_
+the function is instantiated.  For example, given:
+```
+template <typename T> class Foo {
+ public:
+  void Bar() { ::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<int, T>(); }
+};
+```
+the code:
+```
+void Test1() { Foo<bool> foo; }
+```
+will _not_ generate a compiler error, as `Foo<bool>::Bar()` is never
+actually instantiated.  Instead, you need:
+```
+void Test2() { Foo<bool> foo; foo.Bar(); }
+```
+to cause a compiler error.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac; since version 1.3.0.
+
+## Assertion Placement ##
+
+You can use assertions in any C++ function. In particular, it doesn't
+have to be a method of the test fixture class. The one constraint is
+that assertions that generate a fatal failure (`FAIL*` and `ASSERT_*`)
+can only be used in void-returning functions. This is a consequence of
+Google Test not using exceptions. By placing it in a non-void function
+you'll get a confusing compile error like
+`"error: void value not ignored as it ought to be"`.
+
+If you need to use assertions in a function that returns non-void, one option
+is to make the function return the value in an out parameter instead. For
+example, you can rewrite `T2 Foo(T1 x)` to `void Foo(T1 x, T2* result)`. You
+need to make sure that `*result` contains some sensible value even when the
+function returns prematurely. As the function now returns `void`, you can use
+any assertion inside of it.
+
+If changing the function's type is not an option, you should just use
+assertions that generate non-fatal failures, such as `ADD_FAILURE*` and
+`EXPECT_*`.
+
+_Note_: Constructors and destructors are not considered void-returning
+functions, according to the C++ language specification, and so you may not use
+fatal assertions in them. You'll get a compilation error if you try. A simple
+workaround is to transfer the entire body of the constructor or destructor to a
+private void-returning method. However, you should be aware that a fatal
+assertion failure in a constructor does not terminate the current test, as your
+intuition might suggest; it merely returns from the constructor early, possibly
+leaving your object in a partially-constructed state. Likewise, a fatal
+assertion failure in a destructor may leave your object in a
+partially-destructed state. Use assertions carefully in these situations!
+
+# Teaching Google Test How to Print Your Values #
+
+When a test assertion such as `EXPECT_EQ` fails, Google Test prints the
+argument values to help you debug.  It does this using a
+user-extensible value printer.
+
+This printer knows how to print built-in C++ types, native arrays, STL
+containers, and any type that supports the `<<` operator.  For other
+types, it prints the raw bytes in the value and hopes that you the
+user can figure it out.
+
+As mentioned earlier, the printer is _extensible_.  That means
+you can teach it to do a better job at printing your particular type
+than to dump the bytes.  To do that, define `<<` for your type:
+
+```
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace foo {
+
+class Bar { ... };  // We want Google Test to be able to print instances of this.
+
+// It's important that the << operator is defined in the SAME
+// namespace that defines Bar.  C++'s look-up rules rely on that.
+::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os, const Bar& bar) {
+  return os << bar.DebugString();  // whatever needed to print bar to os
+}
+
+}  // namespace foo
+```
+
+Sometimes, this might not be an option: your team may consider it bad
+style to have a `<<` operator for `Bar`, or `Bar` may already have a
+`<<` operator that doesn't do what you want (and you cannot change
+it).  If so, you can instead define a `PrintTo()` function like this:
+
+```
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace foo {
+
+class Bar { ... };
+
+// It's important that PrintTo() is defined in the SAME
+// namespace that defines Bar.  C++'s look-up rules rely on that.
+void PrintTo(const Bar& bar, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  *os << bar.DebugString();  // whatever needed to print bar to os
+}
+
+}  // namespace foo
+```
+
+If you have defined both `<<` and `PrintTo()`, the latter will be used
+when Google Test is concerned.  This allows you to customize how the value
+appears in Google Test's output without affecting code that relies on the
+behavior of its `<<` operator.
+
+If you want to print a value `x` using Google Test's value printer
+yourself, just call `::testing::PrintToString(`_x_`)`, which
+returns an `std::string`:
+
+```
+vector<pair<Bar, int> > bar_ints = GetBarIntVector();
+
+EXPECT_TRUE(IsCorrectBarIntVector(bar_ints))
+    << "bar_ints = " << ::testing::PrintToString(bar_ints);
+```
+
+# Death Tests #
+
+In many applications, there are assertions that can cause application failure
+if a condition is not met. These sanity checks, which ensure that the program
+is in a known good state, are there to fail at the earliest possible time after
+some program state is corrupted. If the assertion checks the wrong condition,
+then the program may proceed in an erroneous state, which could lead to memory
+corruption, security holes, or worse. Hence it is vitally important to test
+that such assertion statements work as expected.
+
+Since these precondition checks cause the processes to die, we call such tests
+_death tests_. More generally, any test that checks that a program terminates
+(except by throwing an exception) in an expected fashion is also a death test.
+
+Note that if a piece of code throws an exception, we don't consider it "death"
+for the purpose of death tests, as the caller of the code could catch the exception
+and avoid the crash. If you want to verify exceptions thrown by your code,
+see [Exception Assertions](#exception-assertions).
+
+If you want to test `EXPECT_*()/ASSERT_*()` failures in your test code, see [Catching Failures](#catching-failures).
+
+## How to Write a Death Test ##
+
+Google Test has the following macros to support death tests:
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_DEATH(`_statement, regex_`);` | `EXPECT_DEATH(`_statement, regex_`);` | _statement_ crashes with the given error |
+| `ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(`_statement, regex_`);` | `EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(`_statement, regex_`);` | if death tests are supported, verifies that _statement_ crashes with the given error; otherwise verifies nothing |
+| `ASSERT_EXIT(`_statement, predicate, regex_`);` | `EXPECT_EXIT(`_statement, predicate, regex_`);` |_statement_ exits with the given error and its exit code matches _predicate_ |
+
+where _statement_ is a statement that is expected to cause the process to
+die, _predicate_ is a function or function object that evaluates an integer
+exit status, and _regex_ is a regular expression that the stderr output of
+_statement_ is expected to match. Note that _statement_ can be _any valid
+statement_ (including _compound statement_) and doesn't have to be an
+expression.
+
+As usual, the `ASSERT` variants abort the current test function, while the
+`EXPECT` variants do not.
+
+**Note:** We use the word "crash" here to mean that the process
+terminates with a _non-zero_ exit status code.  There are two
+possibilities: either the process has called `exit()` or `_exit()`
+with a non-zero value, or it may be killed by a signal.
+
+This means that if _statement_ terminates the process with a 0 exit
+code, it is _not_ considered a crash by `EXPECT_DEATH`.  Use
+`EXPECT_EXIT` instead if this is the case, or if you want to restrict
+the exit code more precisely.
+
+A predicate here must accept an `int` and return a `bool`. The death test
+succeeds only if the predicate returns `true`. Google Test defines a few
+predicates that handle the most common cases:
+
+```
+::testing::ExitedWithCode(exit_code)
+```
+
+This expression is `true` if the program exited normally with the given exit
+code.
+
+```
+::testing::KilledBySignal(signal_number)  // Not available on Windows.
+```
+
+This expression is `true` if the program was killed by the given signal.
+
+The `*_DEATH` macros are convenient wrappers for `*_EXIT` that use a predicate
+that verifies the process' exit code is non-zero.
+
+Note that a death test only cares about three things:
+
+  1. does _statement_ abort or exit the process?
+  1. (in the case of `ASSERT_EXIT` and `EXPECT_EXIT`) does the exit status satisfy _predicate_?  Or (in the case of `ASSERT_DEATH` and `EXPECT_DEATH`) is the exit status non-zero?  And
+  1. does the stderr output match _regex_?
+
+In particular, if _statement_ generates an `ASSERT_*` or `EXPECT_*` failure, it will **not** cause the death test to fail, as Google Test assertions don't abort the process.
+
+To write a death test, simply use one of the above macros inside your test
+function. For example,
+
+```
+TEST(MyDeathTest, Foo) {
+  // This death test uses a compound statement.
+  ASSERT_DEATH({ int n = 5; Foo(&n); }, "Error on line .* of Foo()");
+}
+TEST(MyDeathTest, NormalExit) {
+  EXPECT_EXIT(NormalExit(), ::testing::ExitedWithCode(0), "Success");
+}
+TEST(MyDeathTest, KillMyself) {
+  EXPECT_EXIT(KillMyself(), ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGKILL), "Sending myself unblockable signal");
+}
+```
+
+verifies that:
+
+  * calling `Foo(5)` causes the process to die with the given error message,
+  * calling `NormalExit()` causes the process to print `"Success"` to stderr and exit with exit code 0, and
+  * calling `KillMyself()` kills the process with signal `SIGKILL`.
+
+The test function body may contain other assertions and statements as well, if
+necessary.
+
+_Important:_ We strongly recommend you to follow the convention of naming your
+test case (not test) `*DeathTest` when it contains a death test, as
+demonstrated in the above example. The `Death Tests And Threads` section below
+explains why.
+
+If a test fixture class is shared by normal tests and death tests, you
+can use typedef to introduce an alias for the fixture class and avoid
+duplicating its code:
+```
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test { ... };
+
+typedef FooTest FooDeathTest;
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, DoesThis) {
+  // normal test
+}
+
+TEST_F(FooDeathTest, DoesThat) {
+  // death test
+}
+```
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows (requires MSVC 8.0 or above), Cygwin, and Mac (the latter three are supported since v1.3.0).  `(ASSERT|EXPECT)_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED` are new in v1.4.0.
+
+## Regular Expression Syntax ##
+
+On POSIX systems (e.g. Linux, Cygwin, and Mac), Google Test uses the
+[POSIX extended regular expression](http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/xbd_chap09.html#tag_09_04)
+syntax in death tests. To learn about this syntax, you may want to read this [Wikipedia entry](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression#POSIX_Extended_Regular_Expressions).
+
+On Windows, Google Test uses its own simple regular expression
+implementation. It lacks many features you can find in POSIX extended
+regular expressions.  For example, we don't support union (`"x|y"`),
+grouping (`"(xy)"`), brackets (`"[xy]"`), and repetition count
+(`"x{5,7}"`), among others. Below is what we do support (Letter `A` denotes a
+literal character, period (`.`), or a single `\\` escape sequence; `x`
+and `y` denote regular expressions.):
+
+| `c` | matches any literal character `c` |
+|:----|:----------------------------------|
+| `\\d` | matches any decimal digit         |
+| `\\D` | matches any character that's not a decimal digit |
+| `\\f` | matches `\f`                      |
+| `\\n` | matches `\n`                      |
+| `\\r` | matches `\r`                      |
+| `\\s` | matches any ASCII whitespace, including `\n` |
+| `\\S` | matches any character that's not a whitespace |
+| `\\t` | matches `\t`                      |
+| `\\v` | matches `\v`                      |
+| `\\w` | matches any letter, `_`, or decimal digit |
+| `\\W` | matches any character that `\\w` doesn't match |
+| `\\c` | matches any literal character `c`, which must be a punctuation |
+| `\\.` | matches the `.` character         |
+| `.` | matches any single character except `\n` |
+| `A?` | matches 0 or 1 occurrences of `A` |
+| `A*` | matches 0 or many occurrences of `A` |
+| `A+` | matches 1 or many occurrences of `A` |
+| `^` | matches the beginning of a string (not that of each line) |
+| `$` | matches the end of a string (not that of each line) |
+| `xy` | matches `x` followed by `y`       |
+
+To help you determine which capability is available on your system,
+Google Test defines macro `GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE=1` when it uses POSIX
+extended regular expressions, or `GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE=1` when it uses
+the simple version.  If you want your death tests to work in both
+cases, you can either `#if` on these macros or use the more limited
+syntax only.
+
+## How It Works ##
+
+Under the hood, `ASSERT_EXIT()` spawns a new process and executes the
+death test statement in that process. The details of of how precisely
+that happens depend on the platform and the variable
+`::testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style)` (which is initialized from the
+command-line flag `--gtest_death_test_style`).
+
+  * On POSIX systems, `fork()` (or `clone()` on Linux) is used to spawn the child, after which:
+    * If the variable's value is `"fast"`, the death test statement is immediately executed.
+    * If the variable's value is `"threadsafe"`, the child process re-executes the unit test binary just as it was originally invoked, but with some extra flags to cause just the single death test under consideration to be run.
+  * On Windows, the child is spawned using the `CreateProcess()` API, and re-executes the binary to cause just the single death test under consideration to be run - much like the `threadsafe` mode on POSIX.
+
+Other values for the variable are illegal and will cause the death test to
+fail. Currently, the flag's default value is `"fast"`. However, we reserve the
+right to change it in the future. Therefore, your tests should not depend on
+this.
+
+In either case, the parent process waits for the child process to complete, and checks that
+
+  1. the child's exit status satisfies the predicate, and
+  1. the child's stderr matches the regular expression.
+
+If the death test statement runs to completion without dying, the child
+process will nonetheless terminate, and the assertion fails.
+
+## Death Tests And Threads ##
+
+The reason for the two death test styles has to do with thread safety. Due to
+well-known problems with forking in the presence of threads, death tests should
+be run in a single-threaded context. Sometimes, however, it isn't feasible to
+arrange that kind of environment. For example, statically-initialized modules
+may start threads before main is ever reached. Once threads have been created,
+it may be difficult or impossible to clean them up.
+
+Google Test has three features intended to raise awareness of threading issues.
+
+  1. A warning is emitted if multiple threads are running when a death test is encountered.
+  1. Test cases with a name ending in "DeathTest" are run before all other tests.
+  1. It uses `clone()` instead of `fork()` to spawn the child process on Linux (`clone()` is not available on Cygwin and Mac), as `fork()` is more likely to cause the child to hang when the parent process has multiple threads.
+
+It's perfectly fine to create threads inside a death test statement; they are
+executed in a separate process and cannot affect the parent.
+
+## Death Test Styles ##
+
+The "threadsafe" death test style was introduced in order to help mitigate the
+risks of testing in a possibly multithreaded environment. It trades increased
+test execution time (potentially dramatically so) for improved thread safety.
+We suggest using the faster, default "fast" style unless your test has specific
+problems with it.
+
+You can choose a particular style of death tests by setting the flag
+programmatically:
+
+```
+::testing::FLAGS_gtest_death_test_style = "threadsafe";
+```
+
+You can do this in `main()` to set the style for all death tests in the
+binary, or in individual tests. Recall that flags are saved before running each
+test and restored afterwards, so you need not do that yourself. For example:
+
+```
+TEST(MyDeathTest, TestOne) {
+  ::testing::FLAGS_gtest_death_test_style = "threadsafe";
+  // This test is run in the "threadsafe" style:
+  ASSERT_DEATH(ThisShouldDie(), "");
+}
+
+TEST(MyDeathTest, TestTwo) {
+  // This test is run in the "fast" style:
+  ASSERT_DEATH(ThisShouldDie(), "");
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  ::testing::FLAGS_gtest_death_test_style = "fast";
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
+```
+
+## Caveats ##
+
+The _statement_ argument of `ASSERT_EXIT()` can be any valid C++ statement.
+If it leaves the current function via a `return` statement or by throwing an exception,
+the death test is considered to have failed.  Some Google Test macros may return
+from the current function (e.g. `ASSERT_TRUE()`), so be sure to avoid them in _statement_.
+
+Since _statement_ runs in the child process, any in-memory side effect (e.g.
+modifying a variable, releasing memory, etc) it causes will _not_ be observable
+in the parent process. In particular, if you release memory in a death test,
+your program will fail the heap check as the parent process will never see the
+memory reclaimed. To solve this problem, you can
+
+  1. try not to free memory in a death test;
+  1. free the memory again in the parent process; or
+  1. do not use the heap checker in your program.
+
+Due to an implementation detail, you cannot place multiple death test
+assertions on the same line; otherwise, compilation will fail with an unobvious
+error message.
+
+Despite the improved thread safety afforded by the "threadsafe" style of death
+test, thread problems such as deadlock are still possible in the presence of
+handlers registered with `pthread_atfork(3)`.
+
+# Using Assertions in Sub-routines #
+
+## Adding Traces to Assertions ##
+
+If a test sub-routine is called from several places, when an assertion
+inside it fails, it can be hard to tell which invocation of the
+sub-routine the failure is from.  You can alleviate this problem using
+extra logging or custom failure messages, but that usually clutters up
+your tests. A better solution is to use the `SCOPED_TRACE` macro:
+
+| `SCOPED_TRACE(`_message_`);` |
+|:-----------------------------|
+
+where _message_ can be anything streamable to `std::ostream`. This
+macro will cause the current file name, line number, and the given
+message to be added in every failure message. The effect will be
+undone when the control leaves the current lexical scope.
+
+For example,
+
+```
+10: void Sub1(int n) {
+11:   EXPECT_EQ(1, Bar(n));
+12:   EXPECT_EQ(2, Bar(n + 1));
+13: }
+14:
+15: TEST(FooTest, Bar) {
+16:   {
+17:     SCOPED_TRACE("A");  // This trace point will be included in
+18:                         // every failure in this scope.
+19:     Sub1(1);
+20:   }
+21:   // Now it won't.
+22:   Sub1(9);
+23: }
+```
+
+could result in messages like these:
+
+```
+path/to/foo_test.cc:11: Failure
+Value of: Bar(n)
+Expected: 1
+  Actual: 2
+   Trace:
+path/to/foo_test.cc:17: A
+
+path/to/foo_test.cc:12: Failure
+Value of: Bar(n + 1)
+Expected: 2
+  Actual: 3
+```
+
+Without the trace, it would've been difficult to know which invocation
+of `Sub1()` the two failures come from respectively. (You could add an
+extra message to each assertion in `Sub1()` to indicate the value of
+`n`, but that's tedious.)
+
+Some tips on using `SCOPED_TRACE`:
+
+  1. With a suitable message, it's often enough to use `SCOPED_TRACE` at the beginning of a sub-routine, instead of at each call site.
+  1. When calling sub-routines inside a loop, make the loop iterator part of the message in `SCOPED_TRACE` such that you can know which iteration the failure is from.
+  1. Sometimes the line number of the trace point is enough for identifying the particular invocation of a sub-routine. In this case, you don't have to choose a unique message for `SCOPED_TRACE`. You can simply use `""`.
+  1. You can use `SCOPED_TRACE` in an inner scope when there is one in the outer scope. In this case, all active trace points will be included in the failure messages, in reverse order they are encountered.
+  1. The trace dump is clickable in Emacs' compilation buffer - hit return on a line number and you'll be taken to that line in the source file!
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## Propagating Fatal Failures ##
+
+A common pitfall when using `ASSERT_*` and `FAIL*` is not understanding that
+when they fail they only abort the _current function_, not the entire test. For
+example, the following test will segfault:
+```
+void Subroutine() {
+  // Generates a fatal failure and aborts the current function.
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, 2);
+  // The following won't be executed.
+  ...
+}
+
+TEST(FooTest, Bar) {
+  Subroutine();
+  // The intended behavior is for the fatal failure
+  // in Subroutine() to abort the entire test.
+  // The actual behavior: the function goes on after Subroutine() returns.
+  int* p = NULL;
+  *p = 3; // Segfault!
+}
+```
+
+Since we don't use exceptions, it is technically impossible to
+implement the intended behavior here.  To alleviate this, Google Test
+provides two solutions.  You could use either the
+`(ASSERT|EXPECT)_NO_FATAL_FAILURE` assertions or the
+`HasFatalFailure()` function.  They are described in the following two
+subsections.
+
+### Asserting on Subroutines ###
+
+As shown above, if your test calls a subroutine that has an `ASSERT_*`
+failure in it, the test will continue after the subroutine
+returns. This may not be what you want.
+
+Often people want fatal failures to propagate like exceptions.  For
+that Google Test offers the following macros:
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(`_statement_`);` | `EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(`_statement_`);` | _statement_ doesn't generate any new fatal failures in the current thread. |
+
+Only failures in the thread that executes the assertion are checked to
+determine the result of this type of assertions.  If _statement_
+creates new threads, failures in these threads are ignored.
+
+Examples:
+
+```
+ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Foo());
+
+int i;
+EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE({
+  i = Bar();
+});
+```
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac. Assertions from multiple threads
+are currently not supported.
+
+### Checking for Failures in the Current Test ###
+
+`HasFatalFailure()` in the `::testing::Test` class returns `true` if an
+assertion in the current test has suffered a fatal failure. This
+allows functions to catch fatal failures in a sub-routine and return
+early.
+
+```
+class Test {
+ public:
+  ...
+  static bool HasFatalFailure();
+};
+```
+
+The typical usage, which basically simulates the behavior of a thrown
+exception, is:
+
+```
+TEST(FooTest, Bar) {
+  Subroutine();
+  // Aborts if Subroutine() had a fatal failure.
+  if (HasFatalFailure())
+    return;
+  // The following won't be executed.
+  ...
+}
+```
+
+If `HasFatalFailure()` is used outside of `TEST()` , `TEST_F()` , or a test
+fixture, you must add the `::testing::Test::` prefix, as in:
+
+```
+if (::testing::Test::HasFatalFailure())
+  return;
+```
+
+Similarly, `HasNonfatalFailure()` returns `true` if the current test
+has at least one non-fatal failure, and `HasFailure()` returns `true`
+if the current test has at least one failure of either kind.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.  `HasNonfatalFailure()` and
+`HasFailure()` are available since version 1.4.0.
+
+# Logging Additional Information #
+
+In your test code, you can call `RecordProperty("key", value)` to log
+additional information, where `value` can be either a string or an `int`. The _last_ value recorded for a key will be emitted to the XML output
+if you specify one. For example, the test
+
+```
+TEST_F(WidgetUsageTest, MinAndMaxWidgets) {
+  RecordProperty("MaximumWidgets", ComputeMaxUsage());
+  RecordProperty("MinimumWidgets", ComputeMinUsage());
+}
+```
+
+will output XML like this:
+
+```
+...
+  <testcase name="MinAndMaxWidgets" status="run" time="6" classname="WidgetUsageTest"
+            MaximumWidgets="12"
+            MinimumWidgets="9" />
+...
+```
+
+_Note_:
+  * `RecordProperty()` is a static member of the `Test` class. Therefore it needs to be prefixed with `::testing::Test::` if used outside of the `TEST` body and the test fixture class.
+  * `key` must be a valid XML attribute name, and cannot conflict with the ones already used by Google Test (`name`, `status`, `time`, `classname`, `type_param`, and `value_param`).
+  * Calling `RecordProperty()` outside of the lifespan of a test is allowed. If it's called outside of a test but between a test case's `SetUpTestCase()` and `TearDownTestCase()` methods, it will be attributed to the XML element for the test case. If it's called outside of all test cases (e.g. in a test environment), it will be attributed to the top-level XML element.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+# Sharing Resources Between Tests in the Same Test Case #
+
+
+
+Google Test creates a new test fixture object for each test in order to make
+tests independent and easier to debug. However, sometimes tests use resources
+that are expensive to set up, making the one-copy-per-test model prohibitively
+expensive.
+
+If the tests don't change the resource, there's no harm in them sharing a
+single resource copy. So, in addition to per-test set-up/tear-down, Google Test
+also supports per-test-case set-up/tear-down. To use it:
+
+  1. In your test fixture class (say `FooTest` ), define as `static` some member variables to hold the shared resources.
+  1. In the same test fixture class, define a `static void SetUpTestCase()` function (remember not to spell it as **`SetupTestCase`** with a small `u`!) to set up the shared resources and a `static void TearDownTestCase()` function to tear them down.
+
+That's it! Google Test automatically calls `SetUpTestCase()` before running the
+_first test_ in the `FooTest` test case (i.e. before creating the first
+`FooTest` object), and calls `TearDownTestCase()` after running the _last test_
+in it (i.e. after deleting the last `FooTest` object). In between, the tests
+can use the shared resources.
+
+Remember that the test order is undefined, so your code can't depend on a test
+preceding or following another. Also, the tests must either not modify the
+state of any shared resource, or, if they do modify the state, they must
+restore the state to its original value before passing control to the next
+test.
+
+Here's an example of per-test-case set-up and tear-down:
+```
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  // Per-test-case set-up.
+  // Called before the first test in this test case.
+  // Can be omitted if not needed.
+  static void SetUpTestCase() {
+    shared_resource_ = new ...;
+  }
+
+  // Per-test-case tear-down.
+  // Called after the last test in this test case.
+  // Can be omitted if not needed.
+  static void TearDownTestCase() {
+    delete shared_resource_;
+    shared_resource_ = NULL;
+  }
+
+  // You can define per-test set-up and tear-down logic as usual.
+  virtual void SetUp() { ... }
+  virtual void TearDown() { ... }
+
+  // Some expensive resource shared by all tests.
+  static T* shared_resource_;
+};
+
+T* FooTest::shared_resource_ = NULL;
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Test1) {
+  ... you can refer to shared_resource here ...
+}
+TEST_F(FooTest, Test2) {
+  ... you can refer to shared_resource here ...
+}
+```
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+# Global Set-Up and Tear-Down #
+
+Just as you can do set-up and tear-down at the test level and the test case
+level, you can also do it at the test program level. Here's how.
+
+First, you subclass the `::testing::Environment` class to define a test
+environment, which knows how to set-up and tear-down:
+
+```
+class Environment {
+ public:
+  virtual ~Environment() {}
+  // Override this to define how to set up the environment.
+  virtual void SetUp() {}
+  // Override this to define how to tear down the environment.
+  virtual void TearDown() {}
+};
+```
+
+Then, you register an instance of your environment class with Google Test by
+calling the `::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment()` function:
+
+```
+Environment* AddGlobalTestEnvironment(Environment* env);
+```
+
+Now, when `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` is called, it first calls the `SetUp()` method of
+the environment object, then runs the tests if there was no fatal failures, and
+finally calls `TearDown()` of the environment object.
+
+It's OK to register multiple environment objects. In this case, their `SetUp()`
+will be called in the order they are registered, and their `TearDown()` will be
+called in the reverse order.
+
+Note that Google Test takes ownership of the registered environment objects.
+Therefore **do not delete them** by yourself.
+
+You should call `AddGlobalTestEnvironment()` before `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` is
+called, probably in `main()`. If you use `gtest_main`, you need to      call
+this before `main()` starts for it to take effect. One way to do this is to
+define a global variable like this:
+
+```
+::testing::Environment* const foo_env = ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new FooEnvironment);
+```
+
+However, we strongly recommend you to write your own `main()` and call
+`AddGlobalTestEnvironment()` there, as relying on initialization of global
+variables makes the code harder to read and may cause problems when you
+register multiple environments from different translation units and the
+environments have dependencies among them (remember that the compiler doesn't
+guarantee the order in which global variables from different translation units
+are initialized).
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+
+# Value Parameterized Tests #
+
+_Value-parameterized tests_ allow you to test your code with different
+parameters without writing multiple copies of the same test.
+
+Suppose you write a test for your code and then realize that your code is affected by a presence of a Boolean command line flag.
+
+```
+TEST(MyCodeTest, TestFoo) {
+  // A code to test foo().
+}
+```
+
+Usually people factor their test code into a function with a Boolean parameter in such situations. The function sets the flag, then executes the testing code.
+
+```
+void TestFooHelper(bool flag_value) {
+  flag = flag_value;
+  // A code to test foo().
+}
+
+TEST(MyCodeTest, TestFoo) {
+  TestFooHelper(false);
+  TestFooHelper(true);
+}
+```
+
+But this setup has serious drawbacks. First, when a test assertion fails in your tests, it becomes unclear what value of the parameter caused it to fail. You can stream a clarifying message into your `EXPECT`/`ASSERT` statements, but it you'll have to do it with all of them. Second, you have to add one such helper function per test. What if you have ten tests? Twenty? A hundred?
+
+Value-parameterized tests will let you write your test only once and then easily instantiate and run it with an arbitrary number of parameter values.
+
+Here are some other situations when value-parameterized tests come handy:
+
+  * You want to test different implementations of an OO interface.
+  * You want to test your code over various inputs (a.k.a. data-driven testing). This feature is easy to abuse, so please exercise your good sense when doing it!
+
+## How to Write Value-Parameterized Tests ##
+
+To write value-parameterized tests, first you should define a fixture
+class.  It must be derived from both `::testing::Test` and
+`::testing::WithParamInterface<T>` (the latter is a pure interface),
+where `T` is the type of your parameter values.  For convenience, you
+can just derive the fixture class from `::testing::TestWithParam<T>`,
+which itself is derived from both `::testing::Test` and
+`::testing::WithParamInterface<T>`. `T` can be any copyable type. If
+it's a raw pointer, you are responsible for managing the lifespan of
+the pointed values.
+
+```
+class FooTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<const char*> {
+  // You can implement all the usual fixture class members here.
+  // To access the test parameter, call GetParam() from class
+  // TestWithParam<T>.
+};
+
+// Or, when you want to add parameters to a pre-existing fixture class:
+class BaseTest : public ::testing::Test {
+  ...
+};
+class BarTest : public BaseTest,
+                public ::testing::WithParamInterface<const char*> {
+  ...
+};
+```
+
+Then, use the `TEST_P` macro to define as many test patterns using
+this fixture as you want.  The `_P` suffix is for "parameterized" or
+"pattern", whichever you prefer to think.
+
+```
+TEST_P(FooTest, DoesBlah) {
+  // Inside a test, access the test parameter with the GetParam() method
+  // of the TestWithParam<T> class:
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo.Blah(GetParam()));
+  ...
+}
+
+TEST_P(FooTest, HasBlahBlah) {
+  ...
+}
+```
+
+Finally, you can use `INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P` to instantiate the test
+case with any set of parameters you want. Google Test defines a number of
+functions for generating test parameters. They return what we call
+(surprise!) _parameter generators_. Here is a summary of them,
+which are all in the `testing` namespace:
+
+| `Range(begin, end[, step])` | Yields values `{begin, begin+step, begin+step+step, ...}`. The values do not include `end`. `step` defaults to 1. |
+|:----------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `Values(v1, v2, ..., vN)`   | Yields values `{v1, v2, ..., vN}`.                                                                                |
+| `ValuesIn(container)` and `ValuesIn(begin, end)` | Yields values from a C-style array, an STL-style container, or an iterator range `[begin, end)`. `container`, `begin`, and `end` can be expressions whose values are determined at run time.  |
+| `Bool()`                    | Yields sequence `{false, true}`.                                                                                  |
+| `Combine(g1, g2, ..., gN)`  | Yields all combinations (the Cartesian product for the math savvy) of the values generated by the `N` generators. This is only available if your system provides the `<tr1/tuple>` header. If you are sure your system does, and Google Test disagrees, you can override it by defining `GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE=1`. See comments in [include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h](../include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h) for more information. |
+
+For more details, see the comments at the definitions of these functions in the [source code](../include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h).
+
+The following statement will instantiate tests from the `FooTest` test case
+each with parameter values `"meeny"`, `"miny"`, and `"moe"`.
+
+```
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(InstantiationName,
+                        FooTest,
+                        ::testing::Values("meeny", "miny", "moe"));
+```
+
+To distinguish different instances of the pattern (yes, you can
+instantiate it more than once), the first argument to
+`INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P` is a prefix that will be added to the actual
+test case name. Remember to pick unique prefixes for different
+instantiations. The tests from the instantiation above will have these
+names:
+
+  * `InstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/0` for `"meeny"`
+  * `InstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/1` for `"miny"`
+  * `InstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/2` for `"moe"`
+  * `InstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/0` for `"meeny"`
+  * `InstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/1` for `"miny"`
+  * `InstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/2` for `"moe"`
+
+You can use these names in [--gtest\_filter](#running-a-subset-of-the-tests).
+
+This statement will instantiate all tests from `FooTest` again, each
+with parameter values `"cat"` and `"dog"`:
+
+```
+const char* pets[] = {"cat", "dog"};
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(AnotherInstantiationName, FooTest,
+                        ::testing::ValuesIn(pets));
+```
+
+The tests from the instantiation above will have these names:
+
+  * `AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/0` for `"cat"`
+  * `AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/1` for `"dog"`
+  * `AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/0` for `"cat"`
+  * `AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/1` for `"dog"`
+
+Please note that `INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P` will instantiate _all_
+tests in the given test case, whether their definitions come before or
+_after_ the `INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P` statement.
+
+You can see
+[these](../samples/sample7_unittest.cc)
+[files](../samples/sample8_unittest.cc) for more examples.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows (requires MSVC 8.0 or above), Mac; since version 1.2.0.
+
+## Creating Value-Parameterized Abstract Tests ##
+
+In the above, we define and instantiate `FooTest` in the same source
+file. Sometimes you may want to define value-parameterized tests in a
+library and let other people instantiate them later. This pattern is
+known as <i>abstract tests</i>. As an example of its application, when you
+are designing an interface you can write a standard suite of abstract
+tests (perhaps using a factory function as the test parameter) that
+all implementations of the interface are expected to pass. When
+someone implements the interface, he can instantiate your suite to get
+all the interface-conformance tests for free.
+
+To define abstract tests, you should organize your code like this:
+
+  1. Put the definition of the parameterized test fixture class (e.g. `FooTest`) in a header file, say `foo_param_test.h`. Think of this as _declaring_ your abstract tests.
+  1. Put the `TEST_P` definitions in `foo_param_test.cc`, which includes `foo_param_test.h`. Think of this as _implementing_ your abstract tests.
+
+Once they are defined, you can instantiate them by including
+`foo_param_test.h`, invoking `INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P()`, and linking
+with `foo_param_test.cc`. You can instantiate the same abstract test
+case multiple times, possibly in different source files.
+
+# Typed Tests #
+
+Suppose you have multiple implementations of the same interface and
+want to make sure that all of them satisfy some common requirements.
+Or, you may have defined several types that are supposed to conform to
+the same "concept" and you want to verify it.  In both cases, you want
+the same test logic repeated for different types.
+
+While you can write one `TEST` or `TEST_F` for each type you want to
+test (and you may even factor the test logic into a function template
+that you invoke from the `TEST`), it's tedious and doesn't scale:
+if you want _m_ tests over _n_ types, you'll end up writing _m\*n_
+`TEST`s.
+
+_Typed tests_ allow you to repeat the same test logic over a list of
+types.  You only need to write the test logic once, although you must
+know the type list when writing typed tests.  Here's how you do it:
+
+First, define a fixture class template.  It should be parameterized
+by a type.  Remember to derive it from `::testing::Test`:
+
+```
+template <typename T>
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ public:
+  ...
+  typedef std::list<T> List;
+  static T shared_;
+  T value_;
+};
+```
+
+Next, associate a list of types with the test case, which will be
+repeated for each type in the list:
+
+```
+typedef ::testing::Types<char, int, unsigned int> MyTypes;
+TYPED_TEST_CASE(FooTest, MyTypes);
+```
+
+The `typedef` is necessary for the `TYPED_TEST_CASE` macro to parse
+correctly.  Otherwise the compiler will think that each comma in the
+type list introduces a new macro argument.
+
+Then, use `TYPED_TEST()` instead of `TEST_F()` to define a typed test
+for this test case.  You can repeat this as many times as you want:
+
+```
+TYPED_TEST(FooTest, DoesBlah) {
+  // Inside a test, refer to the special name TypeParam to get the type
+  // parameter.  Since we are inside a derived class template, C++ requires
+  // us to visit the members of FooTest via 'this'.
+  TypeParam n = this->value_;
+
+  // To visit static members of the fixture, add the 'TestFixture::'
+  // prefix.
+  n += TestFixture::shared_;
+
+  // To refer to typedefs in the fixture, add the 'typename TestFixture::'
+  // prefix.  The 'typename' is required to satisfy the compiler.
+  typename TestFixture::List values;
+  values.push_back(n);
+  ...
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(FooTest, HasPropertyA) { ... }
+```
+
+You can see `samples/sample6_unittest.cc` for a complete example.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows (requires MSVC 8.0 or above), Mac;
+since version 1.1.0.
+
+# Type-Parameterized Tests #
+
+_Type-parameterized tests_ are like typed tests, except that they
+don't require you to know the list of types ahead of time.  Instead,
+you can define the test logic first and instantiate it with different
+type lists later.  You can even instantiate it more than once in the
+same program.
+
+If you are designing an interface or concept, you can define a suite
+of type-parameterized tests to verify properties that any valid
+implementation of the interface/concept should have.  Then, the author
+of each implementation can just instantiate the test suite with his
+type to verify that it conforms to the requirements, without having to
+write similar tests repeatedly.  Here's an example:
+
+First, define a fixture class template, as we did with typed tests:
+
+```
+template <typename T>
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+  ...
+};
+```
+
+Next, declare that you will define a type-parameterized test case:
+
+```
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(FooTest);
+```
+
+The `_P` suffix is for "parameterized" or "pattern", whichever you
+prefer to think.
+
+Then, use `TYPED_TEST_P()` to define a type-parameterized test.  You
+can repeat this as many times as you want:
+
+```
+TYPED_TEST_P(FooTest, DoesBlah) {
+  // Inside a test, refer to TypeParam to get the type parameter.
+  TypeParam n = 0;
+  ...
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(FooTest, HasPropertyA) { ... }
+```
+
+Now the tricky part: you need to register all test patterns using the
+`REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P` macro before you can instantiate them.
+The first argument of the macro is the test case name; the rest are
+the names of the tests in this test case:
+
+```
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(FooTest,
+                           DoesBlah, HasPropertyA);
+```
+
+Finally, you are free to instantiate the pattern with the types you
+want.  If you put the above code in a header file, you can `#include`
+it in multiple C++ source files and instantiate it multiple times.
+
+```
+typedef ::testing::Types<char, int, unsigned int> MyTypes;
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, FooTest, MyTypes);
+```
+
+To distinguish different instances of the pattern, the first argument
+to the `INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P` macro is a prefix that will be
+added to the actual test case name.  Remember to pick unique prefixes
+for different instances.
+
+In the special case where the type list contains only one type, you
+can write that type directly without `::testing::Types<...>`, like this:
+
+```
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, FooTest, int);
+```
+
+You can see `samples/sample6_unittest.cc` for a complete example.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows (requires MSVC 8.0 or above), Mac;
+since version 1.1.0.
+
+# Testing Private Code #
+
+If you change your software's internal implementation, your tests should not
+break as long as the change is not observable by users. Therefore, per the
+_black-box testing principle_, most of the time you should test your code
+through its public interfaces.
+
+If you still find yourself needing to test internal implementation code,
+consider if there's a better design that wouldn't require you to do so. If you
+absolutely have to test non-public interface code though, you can. There are
+two cases to consider:
+
+  * Static functions (_not_ the same as static member functions!) or unnamed namespaces, and
+  * Private or protected class members
+
+## Static Functions ##
+
+Both static functions and definitions/declarations in an unnamed namespace are
+only visible within the same translation unit. To test them, you can `#include`
+the entire `.cc` file being tested in your `*_test.cc` file. (`#include`ing `.cc`
+files is not a good way to reuse code - you should not do this in production
+code!)
+
+However, a better approach is to move the private code into the
+`foo::internal` namespace, where `foo` is the namespace your project normally
+uses, and put the private declarations in a `*-internal.h` file. Your
+production `.cc` files and your tests are allowed to include this internal
+header, but your clients are not. This way, you can fully test your internal
+implementation without leaking it to your clients.
+
+## Private Class Members ##
+
+Private class members are only accessible from within the class or by friends.
+To access a class' private members, you can declare your test fixture as a
+friend to the class and define accessors in your fixture. Tests using the
+fixture can then access the private members of your production class via the
+accessors in the fixture. Note that even though your fixture is a friend to
+your production class, your tests are not automatically friends to it, as they
+are technically defined in sub-classes of the fixture.
+
+Another way to test private members is to refactor them into an implementation
+class, which is then declared in a `*-internal.h` file. Your clients aren't
+allowed to include this header but your tests can. Such is called the Pimpl
+(Private Implementation) idiom.
+
+Or, you can declare an individual test as a friend of your class by adding this
+line in the class body:
+
+```
+FRIEND_TEST(TestCaseName, TestName);
+```
+
+For example,
+```
+// foo.h
+#include "gtest/gtest_prod.h"
+
+// Defines FRIEND_TEST.
+class Foo {
+  ...
+ private:
+  FRIEND_TEST(FooTest, BarReturnsZeroOnNull);
+  int Bar(void* x);
+};
+
+// foo_test.cc
+...
+TEST(FooTest, BarReturnsZeroOnNull) {
+  Foo foo;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, foo.Bar(NULL));
+  // Uses Foo's private member Bar().
+}
+```
+
+Pay special attention when your class is defined in a namespace, as you should
+define your test fixtures and tests in the same namespace if you want them to
+be friends of your class. For example, if the code to be tested looks like:
+
+```
+namespace my_namespace {
+
+class Foo {
+  friend class FooTest;
+  FRIEND_TEST(FooTest, Bar);
+  FRIEND_TEST(FooTest, Baz);
+  ...
+  definition of the class Foo
+  ...
+};
+
+}  // namespace my_namespace
+```
+
+Your test code should be something like:
+
+```
+namespace my_namespace {
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  ...
+};
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Bar) { ... }
+TEST_F(FooTest, Baz) { ... }
+
+}  // namespace my_namespace
+```
+
+# Catching Failures #
+
+If you are building a testing utility on top of Google Test, you'll
+want to test your utility.  What framework would you use to test it?
+Google Test, of course.
+
+The challenge is to verify that your testing utility reports failures
+correctly.  In frameworks that report a failure by throwing an
+exception, you could catch the exception and assert on it.  But Google
+Test doesn't use exceptions, so how do we test that a piece of code
+generates an expected failure?
+
+`"gtest/gtest-spi.h"` contains some constructs to do this.  After 
+`#include`ing this header, you can use
+
+| `EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(`_statement, substring_`);` |
+|:--------------------------------------------------|
+
+to assert that _statement_ generates a fatal (e.g. `ASSERT_*`) failure
+whose message contains the given _substring_, or use
+
+| `EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(`_statement, substring_`);` |
+|:-----------------------------------------------------|
+
+if you are expecting a non-fatal (e.g. `EXPECT_*`) failure.
+
+For technical reasons, there are some caveats:
+
+  1. You cannot stream a failure message to either macro.
+  1. _statement_ in `EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE()` cannot reference local non-static variables or non-static members of `this` object.
+  1. _statement_ in `EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE()` cannot return a value.
+
+_Note:_ Google Test is designed with threads in mind. Once the
+synchronization primitives in `"gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"` have
+been implemented, Google Test will become thread-safe, meaning that
+you can then use assertions in multiple threads concurrently. Before
+that, however, Google Test only supports single-threaded usage. Once
+thread-safe, `EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE()` and `EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE()`
+will capture failures in the current thread only. If _statement_
+creates new threads, failures in these threads will be ignored. If
+you want to capture failures from all threads instead, you should use
+the following macros:
+
+| `EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(`_statement, substring_`);` |
+|:-----------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(`_statement, substring_`);` |
+
+# Getting the Current Test's Name #
+
+Sometimes a function may need to know the name of the currently running test.
+For example, you may be using the `SetUp()` method of your test fixture to set
+the golden file name based on which test is running. The `::testing::TestInfo`
+class has this information:
+
+```
+namespace testing {
+
+class TestInfo {
+ public:
+  // Returns the test case name and the test name, respectively.
+  //
+  // Do NOT delete or free the return value - it's managed by the
+  // TestInfo class.
+  const char* test_case_name() const;
+  const char* name() const;
+};
+
+}  // namespace testing
+```
+
+
+> To obtain a `TestInfo` object for the currently running test, call
+`current_test_info()` on the `UnitTest` singleton object:
+
+```
+// Gets information about the currently running test.
+// Do NOT delete the returned object - it's managed by the UnitTest class.
+const ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info =
+  ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+printf("We are in test %s of test case %s.\n",
+       test_info->name(), test_info->test_case_name());
+```
+
+`current_test_info()` returns a null pointer if no test is running. In
+particular, you cannot find the test case name in `TestCaseSetUp()`,
+`TestCaseTearDown()` (where you know the test case name implicitly), or
+functions called from them.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+# Extending Google Test by Handling Test Events #
+
+Google Test provides an <b>event listener API</b> to let you receive
+notifications about the progress of a test program and test
+failures. The events you can listen to include the start and end of
+the test program, a test case, or a test method, among others. You may
+use this API to augment or replace the standard console output,
+replace the XML output, or provide a completely different form of
+output, such as a GUI or a database. You can also use test events as
+checkpoints to implement a resource leak checker, for example.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac; since v1.4.0.
+
+## Defining Event Listeners ##
+
+To define a event listener, you subclass either
+[testing::TestEventListener](../include/gtest/gtest.h#L991)
+or [testing::EmptyTestEventListener](../include/gtest/gtest.h#L1044).
+The former is an (abstract) interface, where <i>each pure virtual method<br>
+can be overridden to handle a test event</i> (For example, when a test
+starts, the `OnTestStart()` method will be called.). The latter provides
+an empty implementation of all methods in the interface, such that a
+subclass only needs to override the methods it cares about.
+
+When an event is fired, its context is passed to the handler function
+as an argument. The following argument types are used:
+  * [UnitTest](../include/gtest/gtest.h#L1151) reflects the state of the entire test program,
+  * [TestCase](../include/gtest/gtest.h#L778) has information about a test case, which can contain one or more tests,
+  * [TestInfo](../include/gtest/gtest.h#L644) contains the state of a test, and
+  * [TestPartResult](../include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h#L47) represents the result of a test assertion.
+
+An event handler function can examine the argument it receives to find
+out interesting information about the event and the test program's
+state.  Here's an example:
+
+```
+  class MinimalistPrinter : public ::testing::EmptyTestEventListener {
+    // Called before a test starts.
+    virtual void OnTestStart(const ::testing::TestInfo& test_info) {
+      printf("*** Test %s.%s starting.\n",
+             test_info.test_case_name(), test_info.name());
+    }
+
+    // Called after a failed assertion or a SUCCEED() invocation.
+    virtual void OnTestPartResult(
+        const ::testing::TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
+      printf("%s in %s:%d\n%s\n",
+             test_part_result.failed() ? "*** Failure" : "Success",
+             test_part_result.file_name(),
+             test_part_result.line_number(),
+             test_part_result.summary());
+    }
+
+    // Called after a test ends.
+    virtual void OnTestEnd(const ::testing::TestInfo& test_info) {
+      printf("*** Test %s.%s ending.\n",
+             test_info.test_case_name(), test_info.name());
+    }
+  };
+```
+
+## Using Event Listeners ##
+
+To use the event listener you have defined, add an instance of it to
+the Google Test event listener list (represented by class
+[TestEventListeners](../include/gtest/gtest.h#L1064)
+- note the "s" at the end of the name) in your
+`main()` function, before calling `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`:
+```
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  // Gets hold of the event listener list.
+  ::testing::TestEventListeners& listeners =
+      ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners();
+  // Adds a listener to the end.  Google Test takes the ownership.
+  listeners.Append(new MinimalistPrinter);
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
+```
+
+There's only one problem: the default test result printer is still in
+effect, so its output will mingle with the output from your minimalist
+printer. To suppress the default printer, just release it from the
+event listener list and delete it. You can do so by adding one line:
+```
+  ...
+  delete listeners.Release(listeners.default_result_printer());
+  listeners.Append(new MinimalistPrinter);
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+```
+
+Now, sit back and enjoy a completely different output from your
+tests. For more details, you can read this
+[sample](../samples/sample9_unittest.cc).
+
+You may append more than one listener to the list. When an `On*Start()`
+or `OnTestPartResult()` event is fired, the listeners will receive it in
+the order they appear in the list (since new listeners are added to
+the end of the list, the default text printer and the default XML
+generator will receive the event first). An `On*End()` event will be
+received by the listeners in the _reverse_ order. This allows output by
+listeners added later to be framed by output from listeners added
+earlier.
+
+## Generating Failures in Listeners ##
+
+You may use failure-raising macros (`EXPECT_*()`, `ASSERT_*()`,
+`FAIL()`, etc) when processing an event. There are some restrictions:
+
+  1. You cannot generate any failure in `OnTestPartResult()` (otherwise it will cause `OnTestPartResult()` to be called recursively).
+  1. A listener that handles `OnTestPartResult()` is not allowed to generate any failure.
+
+When you add listeners to the listener list, you should put listeners
+that handle `OnTestPartResult()` _before_ listeners that can generate
+failures. This ensures that failures generated by the latter are
+attributed to the right test by the former.
+
+We have a sample of failure-raising listener
+[here](../samples/sample10_unittest.cc).
+
+# Running Test Programs: Advanced Options #
+
+Google Test test programs are ordinary executables. Once built, you can run
+them directly and affect their behavior via the following environment variables
+and/or command line flags. For the flags to work, your programs must call
+`::testing::InitGoogleTest()` before calling `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`.
+
+To see a list of supported flags and their usage, please run your test
+program with the `--help` flag.  You can also use `-h`, `-?`, or `/?`
+for short.  This feature is added in version 1.3.0.
+
+If an option is specified both by an environment variable and by a
+flag, the latter takes precedence.  Most of the options can also be
+set/read in code: to access the value of command line flag
+`--gtest_foo`, write `::testing::GTEST_FLAG(foo)`.  A common pattern is
+to set the value of a flag before calling `::testing::InitGoogleTest()`
+to change the default value of the flag:
+```
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  // Disables elapsed time by default.
+  ::testing::GTEST_FLAG(print_time) = false;
+
+  // This allows the user to override the flag on the command line.
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
+```
+
+## Selecting Tests ##
+
+This section shows various options for choosing which tests to run.
+
+### Listing Test Names ###
+
+Sometimes it is necessary to list the available tests in a program before
+running them so that a filter may be applied if needed. Including the flag
+`--gtest_list_tests` overrides all other flags and lists tests in the following
+format:
+```
+TestCase1.
+  TestName1
+  TestName2
+TestCase2.
+  TestName
+```
+
+None of the tests listed are actually run if the flag is provided. There is no
+corresponding environment variable for this flag.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Running a Subset of the Tests ###
+
+By default, a Google Test program runs all tests the user has defined.
+Sometimes, you want to run only a subset of the tests (e.g. for debugging or
+quickly verifying a change). If you set the `GTEST_FILTER` environment variable
+or the `--gtest_filter` flag to a filter string, Google Test will only run the
+tests whose full names (in the form of `TestCaseName.TestName`) match the
+filter.
+
+The format of a filter is a '`:`'-separated list of wildcard patterns (called
+the positive patterns) optionally followed by a '`-`' and another
+'`:`'-separated pattern list (called the negative patterns). A test matches the
+filter if and only if it matches any of the positive patterns but does not
+match any of the negative patterns.
+
+A pattern may contain `'*'` (matches any string) or `'?'` (matches any single
+character). For convenience, the filter `'*-NegativePatterns'` can be also
+written as `'-NegativePatterns'`.
+
+For example:
+
+  * `./foo_test` Has no flag, and thus runs all its tests.
+  * `./foo_test --gtest_filter=*` Also runs everything, due to the single match-everything `*` value.
+  * `./foo_test --gtest_filter=FooTest.*` Runs everything in test case `FooTest`.
+  * `./foo_test --gtest_filter=*Null*:*Constructor*` Runs any test whose full name contains either `"Null"` or `"Constructor"`.
+  * `./foo_test --gtest_filter=-*DeathTest.*` Runs all non-death tests.
+  * `./foo_test --gtest_filter=FooTest.*-FooTest.Bar` Runs everything in test case `FooTest` except `FooTest.Bar`.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Temporarily Disabling Tests ###
+
+If you have a broken test that you cannot fix right away, you can add the
+`DISABLED_` prefix to its name. This will exclude it from execution. This is
+better than commenting out the code or using `#if 0`, as disabled tests are
+still compiled (and thus won't rot).
+
+If you need to disable all tests in a test case, you can either add `DISABLED_`
+to the front of the name of each test, or alternatively add it to the front of
+the test case name.
+
+For example, the following tests won't be run by Google Test, even though they
+will still be compiled:
+
+```
+// Tests that Foo does Abc.
+TEST(FooTest, DISABLED_DoesAbc) { ... }
+
+class DISABLED_BarTest : public ::testing::Test { ... };
+
+// Tests that Bar does Xyz.
+TEST_F(DISABLED_BarTest, DoesXyz) { ... }
+```
+
+_Note:_ This feature should only be used for temporary pain-relief. You still
+have to fix the disabled tests at a later date. As a reminder, Google Test will
+print a banner warning you if a test program contains any disabled tests.
+
+_Tip:_ You can easily count the number of disabled tests you have
+using `grep`. This number can be used as a metric for improving your
+test quality.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Temporarily Enabling Disabled Tests ###
+
+To include [disabled tests](#temporarily-disabling-tests) in test
+execution, just invoke the test program with the
+`--gtest_also_run_disabled_tests` flag or set the
+`GTEST_ALSO_RUN_DISABLED_TESTS` environment variable to a value other
+than `0`.  You can combine this with the
+[--gtest\_filter](#running-a-subset-of-the-tests) flag to further select
+which disabled tests to run.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac; since version 1.3.0.
+
+## Repeating the Tests ##
+
+Once in a while you'll run into a test whose result is hit-or-miss. Perhaps it
+will fail only 1% of the time, making it rather hard to reproduce the bug under
+a debugger. This can be a major source of frustration.
+
+The `--gtest_repeat` flag allows you to repeat all (or selected) test methods
+in a program many times. Hopefully, a flaky test will eventually fail and give
+you a chance to debug. Here's how to use it:
+
+| `$ foo_test --gtest_repeat=1000` | Repeat foo\_test 1000 times and don't stop at failures. |
+|:---------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------|
+| `$ foo_test --gtest_repeat=-1`   | A negative count means repeating forever.               |
+| `$ foo_test --gtest_repeat=1000 --gtest_break_on_failure` | Repeat foo\_test 1000 times, stopping at the first failure. This is especially useful when running under a debugger: when the testfails, it will drop into the debugger and you can then inspect variables and stacks. |
+| `$ foo_test --gtest_repeat=1000 --gtest_filter=FooBar` | Repeat the tests whose name matches the filter 1000 times. |
+
+If your test program contains global set-up/tear-down code registered
+using `AddGlobalTestEnvironment()`, it will be repeated in each
+iteration as well, as the flakiness may be in it. You can also specify
+the repeat count by setting the `GTEST_REPEAT` environment variable.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## Shuffling the Tests ##
+
+You can specify the `--gtest_shuffle` flag (or set the `GTEST_SHUFFLE`
+environment variable to `1`) to run the tests in a program in a random
+order. This helps to reveal bad dependencies between tests.
+
+By default, Google Test uses a random seed calculated from the current
+time. Therefore you'll get a different order every time. The console
+output includes the random seed value, such that you can reproduce an
+order-related test failure later. To specify the random seed
+explicitly, use the `--gtest_random_seed=SEED` flag (or set the
+`GTEST_RANDOM_SEED` environment variable), where `SEED` is an integer
+between 0 and 99999. The seed value 0 is special: it tells Google Test
+to do the default behavior of calculating the seed from the current
+time.
+
+If you combine this with `--gtest_repeat=N`, Google Test will pick a
+different random seed and re-shuffle the tests in each iteration.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac; since v1.4.0.
+
+## Controlling Test Output ##
+
+This section teaches how to tweak the way test results are reported.
+
+### Colored Terminal Output ###
+
+Google Test can use colors in its terminal output to make it easier to spot
+the separation between tests, and whether tests passed.
+
+You can set the GTEST\_COLOR environment variable or set the `--gtest_color`
+command line flag to `yes`, `no`, or `auto` (the default) to enable colors,
+disable colors, or let Google Test decide. When the value is `auto`, Google
+Test will use colors if and only if the output goes to a terminal and (on
+non-Windows platforms) the `TERM` environment variable is set to `xterm` or
+`xterm-color`.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Suppressing the Elapsed Time ###
+
+By default, Google Test prints the time it takes to run each test.  To
+suppress that, run the test program with the `--gtest_print_time=0`
+command line flag.  Setting the `GTEST_PRINT_TIME` environment
+variable to `0` has the same effect.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.  (In Google Test 1.3.0 and lower,
+the default behavior is that the elapsed time is **not** printed.)
+
+### Generating an XML Report ###
+
+Google Test can emit a detailed XML report to a file in addition to its normal
+textual output. The report contains the duration of each test, and thus can
+help you identify slow tests.
+
+To generate the XML report, set the `GTEST_OUTPUT` environment variable or the
+`--gtest_output` flag to the string `"xml:_path_to_output_file_"`, which will
+create the file at the given location. You can also just use the string
+`"xml"`, in which case the output can be found in the `test_detail.xml` file in
+the current directory.
+
+If you specify a directory (for example, `"xml:output/directory/"` on Linux or
+`"xml:output\directory\"` on Windows), Google Test will create the XML file in
+that directory, named after the test executable (e.g. `foo_test.xml` for test
+program `foo_test` or `foo_test.exe`). If the file already exists (perhaps left
+over from a previous run), Google Test will pick a different name (e.g.
+`foo_test_1.xml`) to avoid overwriting it.
+
+The report uses the format described here.  It is based on the
+`junitreport` Ant task and can be parsed by popular continuous build
+systems like [Hudson](https://hudson.dev.java.net/). Since that format
+was originally intended for Java, a little interpretation is required
+to make it apply to Google Test tests, as shown here:
+
+```
+<testsuites name="AllTests" ...>
+  <testsuite name="test_case_name" ...>
+    <testcase name="test_name" ...>
+      <failure message="..."/>
+      <failure message="..."/>
+      <failure message="..."/>
+    </testcase>
+  </testsuite>
+</testsuites>
+```
+
+  * The root `<testsuites>` element corresponds to the entire test program.
+  * `<testsuite>` elements correspond to Google Test test cases.
+  * `<testcase>` elements correspond to Google Test test functions.
+
+For instance, the following program
+
+```
+TEST(MathTest, Addition) { ... }
+TEST(MathTest, Subtraction) { ... }
+TEST(LogicTest, NonContradiction) { ... }
+```
+
+could generate this report:
+
+```
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<testsuites tests="3" failures="1" errors="0" time="35" name="AllTests">
+  <testsuite name="MathTest" tests="2" failures="1" errors="0" time="15">
+    <testcase name="Addition" status="run" time="7" classname="">
+      <failure message="Value of: add(1, 1)&#x0A; Actual: 3&#x0A;Expected: 2" type=""/>
+      <failure message="Value of: add(1, -1)&#x0A; Actual: 1&#x0A;Expected: 0" type=""/>
+    </testcase>
+    <testcase name="Subtraction" status="run" time="5" classname="">
+    </testcase>
+  </testsuite>
+  <testsuite name="LogicTest" tests="1" failures="0" errors="0" time="5">
+    <testcase name="NonContradiction" status="run" time="5" classname="">
+    </testcase>
+  </testsuite>
+</testsuites>
+```
+
+Things to note:
+
+  * The `tests` attribute of a `<testsuites>` or `<testsuite>` element tells how many test functions the Google Test program or test case contains, while the `failures` attribute tells how many of them failed.
+  * The `time` attribute expresses the duration of the test, test case, or entire test program in milliseconds.
+  * Each `<failure>` element corresponds to a single failed Google Test assertion.
+  * Some JUnit concepts don't apply to Google Test, yet we have to conform to the DTD. Therefore you'll see some dummy elements and attributes in the report. You can safely ignore these parts.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## Controlling How Failures Are Reported ##
+
+### Turning Assertion Failures into Break-Points ###
+
+When running test programs under a debugger, it's very convenient if the
+debugger can catch an assertion failure and automatically drop into interactive
+mode. Google Test's _break-on-failure_ mode supports this behavior.
+
+To enable it, set the `GTEST_BREAK_ON_FAILURE` environment variable to a value
+other than `0` . Alternatively, you can use the `--gtest_break_on_failure`
+command line flag.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Disabling Catching Test-Thrown Exceptions ###
+
+Google Test can be used either with or without exceptions enabled.  If
+a test throws a C++ exception or (on Windows) a structured exception
+(SEH), by default Google Test catches it, reports it as a test
+failure, and continues with the next test method.  This maximizes the
+coverage of a test run.  Also, on Windows an uncaught exception will
+cause a pop-up window, so catching the exceptions allows you to run
+the tests automatically.
+
+When debugging the test failures, however, you may instead want the
+exceptions to be handled by the debugger, such that you can examine
+the call stack when an exception is thrown.  To achieve that, set the
+`GTEST_CATCH_EXCEPTIONS` environment variable to `0`, or use the
+`--gtest_catch_exceptions=0` flag when running the tests.
+
+**Availability**: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Letting Another Testing Framework Drive ###
+
+If you work on a project that has already been using another testing
+framework and is not ready to completely switch to Google Test yet,
+you can get much of Google Test's benefit by using its assertions in
+your existing tests.  Just change your `main()` function to look
+like:
+
+```
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  ::testing::GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = true;
+  // Important: Google Test must be initialized.
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+  ... whatever your existing testing framework requires ...
+}
+```
+
+With that, you can use Google Test assertions in addition to the
+native assertions your testing framework provides, for example:
+
+```
+void TestFooDoesBar() {
+  Foo foo;
+  EXPECT_LE(foo.Bar(1), 100);     // A Google Test assertion.
+  CPPUNIT_ASSERT(foo.IsEmpty());  // A native assertion.
+}
+```
+
+If a Google Test assertion fails, it will print an error message and
+throw an exception, which will be treated as a failure by your host
+testing framework.  If you compile your code with exceptions disabled,
+a failed Google Test assertion will instead exit your program with a
+non-zero code, which will also signal a test failure to your test
+runner.
+
+If you don't write `::testing::GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = true;` in
+your `main()`, you can alternatively enable this feature by specifying
+the `--gtest_throw_on_failure` flag on the command-line or setting the
+`GTEST_THROW_ON_FAILURE` environment variable to a non-zero value.
+
+Death tests are _not_ supported when other test framework is used to organize tests.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac; since v1.3.0.
+
+## Distributing Test Functions to Multiple Machines ##
+
+If you have more than one machine you can use to run a test program,
+you might want to run the test functions in parallel and get the
+result faster.  We call this technique _sharding_, where each machine
+is called a _shard_.
+
+Google Test is compatible with test sharding.  To take advantage of
+this feature, your test runner (not part of Google Test) needs to do
+the following:
+
+  1. Allocate a number of machines (shards) to run the tests.
+  1. On each shard, set the `GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS` environment variable to the total number of shards.  It must be the same for all shards.
+  1. On each shard, set the `GTEST_SHARD_INDEX` environment variable to the index of the shard.  Different shards must be assigned different indices, which must be in the range `[0, GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS - 1]`.
+  1. Run the same test program on all shards.  When Google Test sees the above two environment variables, it will select a subset of the test functions to run.  Across all shards, each test function in the program will be run exactly once.
+  1. Wait for all shards to finish, then collect and report the results.
+
+Your project may have tests that were written without Google Test and
+thus don't understand this protocol.  In order for your test runner to
+figure out which test supports sharding, it can set the environment
+variable `GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE` to a non-existent file path.  If a
+test program supports sharding, it will create this file to
+acknowledge the fact (the actual contents of the file are not
+important at this time; although we may stick some useful information
+in it in the future.); otherwise it will not create it.
+
+Here's an example to make it clear.  Suppose you have a test program
+`foo_test` that contains the following 5 test functions:
+```
+TEST(A, V)
+TEST(A, W)
+TEST(B, X)
+TEST(B, Y)
+TEST(B, Z)
+```
+and you have 3 machines at your disposal.  To run the test functions in
+parallel, you would set `GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS` to 3 on all machines, and
+set `GTEST_SHARD_INDEX` to 0, 1, and 2 on the machines respectively.
+Then you would run the same `foo_test` on each machine.
+
+Google Test reserves the right to change how the work is distributed
+across the shards, but here's one possible scenario:
+
+  * Machine #0 runs `A.V` and `B.X`.
+  * Machine #1 runs `A.W` and `B.Y`.
+  * Machine #2 runs `B.Z`.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac; since version 1.3.0.
+
+# Fusing Google Test Source Files #
+
+Google Test's implementation consists of ~30 files (excluding its own
+tests).  Sometimes you may want them to be packaged up in two files (a
+`.h` and a `.cc`) instead, such that you can easily copy them to a new
+machine and start hacking there.  For this we provide an experimental
+Python script `fuse_gtest_files.py` in the `scripts/` directory (since release 1.3.0).
+Assuming you have Python 2.4 or above installed on your machine, just
+go to that directory and run
+```
+python fuse_gtest_files.py OUTPUT_DIR
+```
+
+and you should see an `OUTPUT_DIR` directory being created with files
+`gtest/gtest.h` and `gtest/gtest-all.cc` in it.  These files contain
+everything you need to use Google Test.  Just copy them to anywhere
+you want and you are ready to write tests.  You can use the
+[scripts/test/Makefile](../scripts/test/Makefile)
+file as an example on how to compile your tests against them.
+
+# Where to Go from Here #
+
+Congratulations! You've now learned more advanced Google Test tools and are
+ready to tackle more complex testing tasks. If you want to dive even deeper, you
+can read the [Frequently-Asked Questions](FAQ.md).
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/DevGuide.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/DevGuide.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..06467a32771f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/DevGuide.md
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+
+
+If you are interested in understanding the internals of Google Test,
+building from source, or contributing ideas or modifications to the
+project, then this document is for you.
+
+# Introduction #
+
+First, let's give you some background of the project.
+
+## Licensing ##
+
+All Google Test source and pre-built packages are provided under the [New BSD License](http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php).
+
+## The Google Test Community ##
+
+The Google Test community exists primarily through the [discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googletestframework) and the GitHub repository.
+You are definitely encouraged to contribute to the
+discussion and you can also help us to keep the effectiveness of the
+group high by following and promoting the guidelines listed here.
+
+### Please Be Friendly ###
+
+Showing courtesy and respect to others is a vital part of the Google
+culture, and we strongly encourage everyone participating in Google
+Test development to join us in accepting nothing less. Of course,
+being courteous is not the same as failing to constructively disagree
+with each other, but it does mean that we should be respectful of each
+other when enumerating the 42 technical reasons that a particular
+proposal may not be the best choice. There's never a reason to be
+antagonistic or dismissive toward anyone who is sincerely trying to
+contribute to a discussion.
+
+Sure, C++ testing is serious business and all that, but it's also
+a lot of fun. Let's keep it that way. Let's strive to be one of the
+friendliest communities in all of open source.
+
+As always, discuss Google Test in the official GoogleTest discussion group.
+You don't have to actually submit code in order to sign up. Your participation
+itself is a valuable contribution.
+
+# Working with the Code #
+
+If you want to get your hands dirty with the code inside Google Test,
+this is the section for you.
+
+## Compiling from Source ##
+
+Once you check out the code, you can find instructions on how to
+compile it in the [README](../README.md) file.
+
+## Testing ##
+
+A testing framework is of no good if itself is not thoroughly tested.
+Tests should be written for any new code, and changes should be
+verified to not break existing tests before they are submitted for
+review. To perform the tests, follow the instructions in
+[README](../README.md) and verify that there are no failures.
+
+# Contributing Code #
+
+We are excited that Google Test is now open source, and hope to get
+great patches from the community. Before you fire up your favorite IDE
+and begin hammering away at that new feature, though, please take the
+time to read this section and understand the process. While it seems
+rigorous, we want to keep a high standard of quality in the code
+base.
+
+## Contributor License Agreements ##
+
+You must sign a Contributor License Agreement (CLA) before we can
+accept any code.  The CLA protects you and us.
+
+  * If you are an individual writing original source code and you're sure you own the intellectual property, then you'll need to sign an [individual CLA](http://code.google.com/legal/individual-cla-v1.0.html).
+  * If you work for a company that wants to allow you to contribute your work to Google Test, then you'll need to sign a [corporate CLA](http://code.google.com/legal/corporate-cla-v1.0.html).
+
+Follow either of the two links above to access the appropriate CLA and
+instructions for how to sign and return it.
+
+## Coding Style ##
+
+To keep the source consistent, readable, diffable and easy to merge,
+we use a fairly rigid coding style, as defined by the [google-styleguide](http://code.google.com/p/google-styleguide/) project.  All patches will be expected
+to conform to the style outlined [here](http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/cppguide.xml).
+
+## Updating Generated Code ##
+
+Some of Google Test's source files are generated by the Pump tool (a
+Python script).  If you need to update such files, please modify the
+source (`foo.h.pump`) and re-generate the C++ file using Pump.  You
+can read the PumpManual for details.
+
+## Submitting Patches ##
+
+Please do submit code. Here's what you need to do:
+
+  1. A submission should be a set of changes that addresses one issue in the [issue tracker](https://github.com/google/googletest/issues). Please don't mix more than one logical change per submittal, because it makes the history hard to follow. If you want to make a change that doesn't have a corresponding issue in the issue tracker, please create one.
+  1. Also, coordinate with team members that are listed on the issue in question. This ensures that work isn't being duplicated and communicating your plan early also generally leads to better patches.
+  1. Ensure that your code adheres to the [Google Test source code style](#Coding_Style.md).
+  1. Ensure that there are unit tests for your code.
+  1. Sign a Contributor License Agreement.
+  1. Create a Pull Request in the usual way.
+
+## Google Test Committers ##
+
+The current members of the Google Test engineering team are the only
+committers at present. In the great tradition of eating one's own
+dogfood, we will be requiring each new Google Test engineering team
+member to earn the right to become a committer by following the
+procedures in this document, writing consistently great code, and
+demonstrating repeatedly that he or she truly gets the zen of Google
+Test.
+
+# Release Process #
+
+We follow a typical release process:
+
+  1. A release branch named `release-X.Y` is created.
+  1. Bugs are fixed and features are added in trunk; those individual patches are merged into the release branch until it's stable.
+  1. An individual point release (the `Z` in `X.Y.Z`) is made by creating a tag from the branch.
+  1. Repeat steps 2 and 3 throughout one release cycle (as determined by features or time).
+  1. Go back to step 1 to create another release branch and so on.
+
+---
+
+This page is based on the [Making GWT Better](http://code.google.com/webtoolkit/makinggwtbetter.html) guide from the [Google Web Toolkit](http://code.google.com/webtoolkit/) project.  Except as otherwise [noted](http://code.google.com/policies.html#restrictions), the content of this page is licensed under the [Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/).
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/Documentation.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/Documentation.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8ca1aac75993
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/Documentation.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+This page lists all documentation wiki pages for Google Test **(the SVN trunk version)**
+-- **if you use a released version of Google Test, please read the
+documentation for that specific version instead.**
+
+  * [Primer](Primer.md) -- start here if you are new to Google Test.
+  * [Samples](Samples.md) -- learn from examples.
+  * [AdvancedGuide](AdvancedGuide.md) -- learn more about Google Test.
+  * [XcodeGuide](XcodeGuide.md) -- how to use Google Test in Xcode on Mac.
+  * [Frequently-Asked Questions](FAQ.md) -- check here before asking a question on the mailing list.
+
+To contribute code to Google Test, read:
+
+  * [DevGuide](DevGuide.md) -- read this _before_ writing your first patch.
+  * [PumpManual](PumpManual.md) -- how we generate some of Google Test's source files.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/FAQ.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/FAQ.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5fd6cb7238a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/FAQ.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1087 @@
+
+
+If you cannot find the answer to your question here, and you have read
+[Primer](Primer.md) and [AdvancedGuide](AdvancedGuide.md), send it to
+googletestframework@googlegroups.com.
+
+## Why should I use Google Test instead of my favorite C++ testing framework? ##
+
+First, let us say clearly that we don't want to get into the debate of
+which C++ testing framework is **the best**.  There exist many fine
+frameworks for writing C++ tests, and we have tremendous respect for
+the developers and users of them.  We don't think there is (or will
+be) a single best framework - you have to pick the right tool for the
+particular task you are tackling.
+
+We created Google Test because we couldn't find the right combination
+of features and conveniences in an existing framework to satisfy _our_
+needs.  The following is a list of things that _we_ like about Google
+Test.  We don't claim them to be unique to Google Test - rather, the
+combination of them makes Google Test the choice for us.  We hope this
+list can help you decide whether it is for you too.
+
+  * Google Test is designed to be portable: it doesn't require exceptions or RTTI; it works around various bugs in various compilers and environments; etc.  As a result, it works on Linux, Mac OS X, Windows and several embedded operating systems.
+  * Nonfatal assertions (`EXPECT_*`) have proven to be great time savers, as they allow a test to report multiple failures in a single edit-compile-test cycle.
+  * It's easy to write assertions that generate informative messages: you just use the stream syntax to append any additional information, e.g. `ASSERT_EQ(5, Foo(i)) << " where i = " << i;`.  It doesn't require a new set of macros or special functions.
+  * Google Test automatically detects your tests and doesn't require you to enumerate them in order to run them.
+  * Death tests are pretty handy for ensuring that your asserts in production code are triggered by the right conditions.
+  * `SCOPED_TRACE` helps you understand the context of an assertion failure when it comes from inside a sub-routine or loop.
+  * You can decide which tests to run using name patterns.  This saves time when you want to quickly reproduce a test failure.
+  * Google Test can generate XML test result reports that can be parsed by popular continuous build system like Hudson.
+  * Simple things are easy in Google Test, while hard things are possible: in addition to advanced features like [global test environments](AdvancedGuide.md#global-set-up-and-tear-down) and tests parameterized by [values](AdvancedGuide.md#value-parameterized-tests) or [types](docs/AdvancedGuide.md#typed-tests), Google Test supports various ways for the user to extend the framework -- if Google Test doesn't do something out of the box, chances are that a user can implement the feature using Google Test's public API, without changing Google Test itself.  In particular, you can:
+    * expand your testing vocabulary by defining [custom predicates](AdvancedGuide.md#predicate-assertions-for-better-error-messages),
+    * teach Google Test how to [print your types](AdvancedGuide.md#teaching-google-test-how-to-print-your-values),
+    * define your own testing macros or utilities and verify them using Google Test's [Service Provider Interface](AdvancedGuide.md#catching-failures), and
+    * reflect on the test cases or change the test output format by intercepting the [test events](AdvancedGuide.md#extending-google-test-by-handling-test-events).
+
+## I'm getting warnings when compiling Google Test.  Would you fix them? ##
+
+We strive to minimize compiler warnings Google Test generates.  Before releasing a new version, we test to make sure that it doesn't generate warnings when compiled using its CMake script on Windows, Linux, and Mac OS.
+
+Unfortunately, this doesn't mean you are guaranteed to see no warnings when compiling Google Test in your environment:
+
+  * You may be using a different compiler as we use, or a different version of the same compiler.  We cannot possibly test for all compilers.
+  * You may be compiling on a different platform as we do.
+  * Your project may be using different compiler flags as we do.
+
+It is not always possible to make Google Test warning-free for everyone.  Or, it may not be desirable if the warning is rarely enabled and fixing the violations makes the code more complex.
+
+If you see warnings when compiling Google Test, we suggest that you use the `-isystem` flag (assuming your are using GCC) to mark Google Test headers as system headers.  That'll suppress warnings from Google Test headers.
+
+## Why should not test case names and test names contain underscore? ##
+
+Underscore (`_`) is special, as C++ reserves the following to be used by
+the compiler and the standard library:
+
+  1. any identifier that starts with an `_` followed by an upper-case letter, and
+  1. any identifier that containers two consecutive underscores (i.e. `__`) _anywhere_ in its name.
+
+User code is _prohibited_ from using such identifiers.
+
+Now let's look at what this means for `TEST` and `TEST_F`.
+
+Currently `TEST(TestCaseName, TestName)` generates a class named
+`TestCaseName_TestName_Test`.  What happens if `TestCaseName` or `TestName`
+contains `_`?
+
+  1. If `TestCaseName` starts with an `_` followed by an upper-case letter (say, `_Foo`), we end up with `_Foo_TestName_Test`, which is reserved and thus invalid.
+  1. If `TestCaseName` ends with an `_` (say, `Foo_`), we get `Foo__TestName_Test`, which is invalid.
+  1. If `TestName` starts with an `_` (say, `_Bar`), we get `TestCaseName__Bar_Test`, which is invalid.
+  1. If `TestName` ends with an `_` (say, `Bar_`), we get `TestCaseName_Bar__Test`, which is invalid.
+
+So clearly `TestCaseName` and `TestName` cannot start or end with `_`
+(Actually, `TestCaseName` can start with `_` -- as long as the `_` isn't
+followed by an upper-case letter.  But that's getting complicated.  So
+for simplicity we just say that it cannot start with `_`.).
+
+It may seem fine for `TestCaseName` and `TestName` to contain `_` in the
+middle.  However, consider this:
+``` cpp
+TEST(Time, Flies_Like_An_Arrow) { ... }
+TEST(Time_Flies, Like_An_Arrow) { ... }
+```
+
+Now, the two `TEST`s will both generate the same class
+(`Time_Files_Like_An_Arrow_Test`).  That's not good.
+
+So for simplicity, we just ask the users to avoid `_` in `TestCaseName`
+and `TestName`.  The rule is more constraining than necessary, but it's
+simple and easy to remember.  It also gives Google Test some wiggle
+room in case its implementation needs to change in the future.
+
+If you violate the rule, there may not be immediately consequences,
+but your test may (just may) break with a new compiler (or a new
+version of the compiler you are using) or with a new version of Google
+Test.  Therefore it's best to follow the rule.
+
+## Why is it not recommended to install a pre-compiled copy of Google Test (for example, into /usr/local)? ##
+
+In the early days, we said that you could install
+compiled Google Test libraries on `*`nix systems using `make install`.
+Then every user of your machine can write tests without
+recompiling Google Test.
+
+This seemed like a good idea, but it has a
+got-cha: every user needs to compile his tests using the _same_ compiler
+flags used to compile the installed Google Test libraries; otherwise
+he may run into undefined behaviors (i.e. the tests can behave
+strangely and may even crash for no obvious reasons).
+
+Why?  Because C++ has this thing called the One-Definition Rule: if
+two C++ source files contain different definitions of the same
+class/function/variable, and you link them together, you violate the
+rule.  The linker may or may not catch the error (in many cases it's
+not required by the C++ standard to catch the violation).  If it
+doesn't, you get strange run-time behaviors that are unexpected and
+hard to debug.
+
+If you compile Google Test and your test code using different compiler
+flags, they may see different definitions of the same
+class/function/variable (e.g. due to the use of `#if` in Google Test).
+Therefore, for your sanity, we recommend to avoid installing pre-compiled
+Google Test libraries.  Instead, each project should compile
+Google Test itself such that it can be sure that the same flags are
+used for both Google Test and the tests.
+
+## How do I generate 64-bit binaries on Windows (using Visual Studio 2008)? ##
+
+(Answered by Trevor Robinson)
+
+Load the supplied Visual Studio solution file, either `msvc\gtest-md.sln` or
+`msvc\gtest.sln`. Go through the migration wizard to migrate the
+solution and project files to Visual Studio 2008. Select
+`Configuration Manager...` from the `Build` menu. Select `<New...>` from
+the `Active solution platform` dropdown.  Select `x64` from the new
+platform dropdown, leave `Copy settings from` set to `Win32` and
+`Create new project platforms` checked, then click `OK`. You now have
+`Win32` and `x64` platform configurations, selectable from the
+`Standard` toolbar, which allow you to toggle between building 32-bit or
+64-bit binaries (or both at once using Batch Build).
+
+In order to prevent build output files from overwriting one another,
+you'll need to change the `Intermediate Directory` settings for the
+newly created platform configuration across all the projects. To do
+this, multi-select (e.g. using shift-click) all projects (but not the
+solution) in the `Solution Explorer`. Right-click one of them and
+select `Properties`. In the left pane, select `Configuration Properties`,
+and from the `Configuration` dropdown, select `All Configurations`.
+Make sure the selected platform is `x64`. For the
+`Intermediate Directory` setting, change the value from
+`$(PlatformName)\$(ConfigurationName)` to
+`$(OutDir)\$(ProjectName)`. Click `OK` and then build the
+solution. When the build is complete, the 64-bit binaries will be in
+the `msvc\x64\Debug` directory.
+
+## Can I use Google Test on MinGW? ##
+
+We haven't tested this ourselves, but Per Abrahamsen reported that he
+was able to compile and install Google Test successfully when using
+MinGW from Cygwin.  You'll need to configure it with:
+
+`PATH/TO/configure CC="gcc -mno-cygwin" CXX="g++ -mno-cygwin"`
+
+You should be able to replace the `-mno-cygwin` option with direct links
+to the real MinGW binaries, but we haven't tried that.
+
+Caveats:
+
+  * There are many warnings when compiling.
+  * `make check` will produce some errors as not all tests for Google Test itself are compatible with MinGW.
+
+We also have reports on successful cross compilation of Google Test
+MinGW binaries on Linux using
+[these instructions](http://wiki.wxwidgets.org/Cross-Compiling_Under_Linux#Cross-compiling_under_Linux_for_MS_Windows)
+on the WxWidgets site.
+
+Please contact `googletestframework@googlegroups.com` if you are
+interested in improving the support for MinGW.
+
+## Why does Google Test support EXPECT\_EQ(NULL, ptr) and ASSERT\_EQ(NULL, ptr) but not EXPECT\_NE(NULL, ptr) and ASSERT\_NE(NULL, ptr)? ##
+
+Due to some peculiarity of C++, it requires some non-trivial template
+meta programming tricks to support using `NULL` as an argument of the
+`EXPECT_XX()` and `ASSERT_XX()` macros. Therefore we only do it where
+it's most needed (otherwise we make the implementation of Google Test
+harder to maintain and more error-prone than necessary).
+
+The `EXPECT_EQ()` macro takes the _expected_ value as its first
+argument and the _actual_ value as the second. It's reasonable that
+someone wants to write `EXPECT_EQ(NULL, some_expression)`, and this
+indeed was requested several times. Therefore we implemented it.
+
+The need for `EXPECT_NE(NULL, ptr)` isn't nearly as strong. When the
+assertion fails, you already know that `ptr` must be `NULL`, so it
+doesn't add any information to print ptr in this case. That means
+`EXPECT_TRUE(ptr != NULL)` works just as well.
+
+If we were to support `EXPECT_NE(NULL, ptr)`, for consistency we'll
+have to support `EXPECT_NE(ptr, NULL)` as well, as unlike `EXPECT_EQ`,
+we don't have a convention on the order of the two arguments for
+`EXPECT_NE`. This means using the template meta programming tricks
+twice in the implementation, making it even harder to understand and
+maintain. We believe the benefit doesn't justify the cost.
+
+Finally, with the growth of Google Mock's [matcher](../../googlemock/docs/CookBook.md#using-matchers-in-google-test-assertions) library, we are
+encouraging people to use the unified `EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher)`
+syntax more often in tests. One significant advantage of the matcher
+approach is that matchers can be easily combined to form new matchers,
+while the `EXPECT_NE`, etc, macros cannot be easily
+combined. Therefore we want to invest more in the matchers than in the
+`EXPECT_XX()` macros.
+
+## Does Google Test support running tests in parallel? ##
+
+Test runners tend to be tightly coupled with the build/test
+environment, and Google Test doesn't try to solve the problem of
+running tests in parallel.  Instead, we tried to make Google Test work
+nicely with test runners.  For example, Google Test's XML report
+contains the time spent on each test, and its `gtest_list_tests` and
+`gtest_filter` flags can be used for splitting the execution of test
+methods into multiple processes.  These functionalities can help the
+test runner run the tests in parallel.
+
+## Why don't Google Test run the tests in different threads to speed things up? ##
+
+It's difficult to write thread-safe code.  Most tests are not written
+with thread-safety in mind, and thus may not work correctly in a
+multi-threaded setting.
+
+If you think about it, it's already hard to make your code work when
+you know what other threads are doing.  It's much harder, and
+sometimes even impossible, to make your code work when you don't know
+what other threads are doing (remember that test methods can be added,
+deleted, or modified after your test was written).  If you want to run
+the tests in parallel, you'd better run them in different processes.
+
+## Why aren't Google Test assertions implemented using exceptions? ##
+
+Our original motivation was to be able to use Google Test in projects
+that disable exceptions.  Later we realized some additional benefits
+of this approach:
+
+  1. Throwing in a destructor is undefined behavior in C++.  Not using exceptions means Google Test's assertions are safe to use in destructors.
+  1. The `EXPECT_*` family of macros will continue even after a failure, allowing multiple failures in a `TEST` to be reported in a single run. This is a popular feature, as in C++ the edit-compile-test cycle is usually quite long and being able to fixing more than one thing at a time is a blessing.
+  1. If assertions are implemented using exceptions, a test may falsely ignore a failure if it's caught by user code:
+``` cpp
+try { ... ASSERT_TRUE(...) ... }
+catch (...) { ... }
+```
+The above code will pass even if the `ASSERT_TRUE` throws.  While it's unlikely for someone to write this in a test, it's possible to run into this pattern when you write assertions in callbacks that are called by the code under test.
+
+The downside of not using exceptions is that `ASSERT_*` (implemented
+using `return`) will only abort the current function, not the current
+`TEST`.
+
+## Why do we use two different macros for tests with and without fixtures? ##
+
+Unfortunately, C++'s macro system doesn't allow us to use the same
+macro for both cases.  One possibility is to provide only one macro
+for tests with fixtures, and require the user to define an empty
+fixture sometimes:
+
+``` cpp
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {};
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, DoesThis) { ... }
+```
+or
+``` cpp
+typedef ::testing::Test FooTest;
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, DoesThat) { ... }
+```
+
+Yet, many people think this is one line too many. :-) Our goal was to
+make it really easy to write tests, so we tried to make simple tests
+trivial to create.  That means using a separate macro for such tests.
+
+We think neither approach is ideal, yet either of them is reasonable.
+In the end, it probably doesn't matter much either way.
+
+## Why don't we use structs as test fixtures? ##
+
+We like to use structs only when representing passive data.  This
+distinction between structs and classes is good for documenting the
+intent of the code's author.  Since test fixtures have logic like
+`SetUp()` and `TearDown()`, they are better defined as classes.
+
+## Why are death tests implemented as assertions instead of using a test runner? ##
+
+Our goal was to make death tests as convenient for a user as C++
+possibly allows.  In particular:
+
+  * The runner-style requires to split the information into two pieces: the definition of the death test itself, and the specification for the runner on how to run the death test and what to expect.  The death test would be written in C++, while the runner spec may or may not be.  A user needs to carefully keep the two in sync. `ASSERT_DEATH(statement, expected_message)` specifies all necessary information in one place, in one language, without boilerplate code. It is very declarative.
+  * `ASSERT_DEATH` has a similar syntax and error-reporting semantics as other Google Test assertions, and thus is easy to learn.
+  * `ASSERT_DEATH` can be mixed with other assertions and other logic at your will.  You are not limited to one death test per test method. For example, you can write something like:
+``` cpp
+    if (FooCondition()) {
+      ASSERT_DEATH(Bar(), "blah");
+    } else {
+      ASSERT_EQ(5, Bar());
+    }
+```
+If you prefer one death test per test method, you can write your tests in that style too, but we don't want to impose that on the users.  The fewer artificial limitations the better.
+  * `ASSERT_DEATH` can reference local variables in the current function, and you can decide how many death tests you want based on run-time information.  For example,
+``` cpp
+    const int count = GetCount();  // Only known at run time.
+    for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++) {
+      ASSERT_DEATH({
+        double* buffer = new double[i];
+        ... initializes buffer ...
+        Foo(buffer, i)
+      }, "blah blah");
+    }
+```
+The runner-based approach tends to be more static and less flexible, or requires more user effort to get this kind of flexibility.
+
+Another interesting thing about `ASSERT_DEATH` is that it calls `fork()`
+to create a child process to run the death test.  This is lightening
+fast, as `fork()` uses copy-on-write pages and incurs almost zero
+overhead, and the child process starts from the user-supplied
+statement directly, skipping all global and local initialization and
+any code leading to the given statement.  If you launch the child
+process from scratch, it can take seconds just to load everything and
+start running if the test links to many libraries dynamically.
+
+## My death test modifies some state, but the change seems lost after the death test finishes. Why? ##
+
+Death tests (`EXPECT_DEATH`, etc) are executed in a sub-process s.t. the
+expected crash won't kill the test program (i.e. the parent process). As a
+result, any in-memory side effects they incur are observable in their
+respective sub-processes, but not in the parent process. You can think of them
+as running in a parallel universe, more or less.
+
+## The compiler complains about "undefined references" to some static const member variables, but I did define them in the class body. What's wrong? ##
+
+If your class has a static data member:
+
+``` cpp
+// foo.h
+class Foo {
+  ...
+  static const int kBar = 100;
+};
+```
+
+You also need to define it _outside_ of the class body in `foo.cc`:
+
+``` cpp
+const int Foo::kBar;  // No initializer here.
+```
+
+Otherwise your code is **invalid C++**, and may break in unexpected ways. In
+particular, using it in Google Test comparison assertions (`EXPECT_EQ`, etc)
+will generate an "undefined reference" linker error.
+
+## I have an interface that has several implementations. Can I write a set of tests once and repeat them over all the implementations? ##
+
+Google Test doesn't yet have good support for this kind of tests, or
+data-driven tests in general. We hope to be able to make improvements in this
+area soon.
+
+## Can I derive a test fixture from another? ##
+
+Yes.
+
+Each test fixture has a corresponding and same named test case. This means only
+one test case can use a particular fixture. Sometimes, however, multiple test
+cases may want to use the same or slightly different fixtures. For example, you
+may want to make sure that all of a GUI library's test cases don't leak
+important system resources like fonts and brushes.
+
+In Google Test, you share a fixture among test cases by putting the shared
+logic in a base test fixture, then deriving from that base a separate fixture
+for each test case that wants to use this common logic. You then use `TEST_F()`
+to write tests using each derived fixture.
+
+Typically, your code looks like this:
+
+``` cpp
+// Defines a base test fixture.
+class BaseTest : public ::testing::Test {
+  protected:
+   ...
+};
+
+// Derives a fixture FooTest from BaseTest.
+class FooTest : public BaseTest {
+  protected:
+    virtual void SetUp() {
+      BaseTest::SetUp();  // Sets up the base fixture first.
+      ... additional set-up work ...
+    }
+    virtual void TearDown() {
+      ... clean-up work for FooTest ...
+      BaseTest::TearDown();  // Remember to tear down the base fixture
+                             // after cleaning up FooTest!
+    }
+    ... functions and variables for FooTest ...
+};
+
+// Tests that use the fixture FooTest.
+TEST_F(FooTest, Bar) { ... }
+TEST_F(FooTest, Baz) { ... }
+
+... additional fixtures derived from BaseTest ...
+```
+
+If necessary, you can continue to derive test fixtures from a derived fixture.
+Google Test has no limit on how deep the hierarchy can be.
+
+For a complete example using derived test fixtures, see
+[sample5](../samples/sample5_unittest.cc).
+
+## My compiler complains "void value not ignored as it ought to be." What does this mean? ##
+
+You're probably using an `ASSERT_*()` in a function that doesn't return `void`.
+`ASSERT_*()` can only be used in `void` functions.
+
+## My death test hangs (or seg-faults). How do I fix it? ##
+
+In Google Test, death tests are run in a child process and the way they work is
+delicate. To write death tests you really need to understand how they work.
+Please make sure you have read this.
+
+In particular, death tests don't like having multiple threads in the parent
+process. So the first thing you can try is to eliminate creating threads
+outside of `EXPECT_DEATH()`.
+
+Sometimes this is impossible as some library you must use may be creating
+threads before `main()` is even reached. In this case, you can try to minimize
+the chance of conflicts by either moving as many activities as possible inside
+`EXPECT_DEATH()` (in the extreme case, you want to move everything inside), or
+leaving as few things as possible in it. Also, you can try to set the death
+test style to `"threadsafe"`, which is safer but slower, and see if it helps.
+
+If you go with thread-safe death tests, remember that they rerun the test
+program from the beginning in the child process. Therefore make sure your
+program can run side-by-side with itself and is deterministic.
+
+In the end, this boils down to good concurrent programming. You have to make
+sure that there is no race conditions or dead locks in your program. No silver
+bullet - sorry!
+
+## Should I use the constructor/destructor of the test fixture or the set-up/tear-down function? ##
+
+The first thing to remember is that Google Test does not reuse the
+same test fixture object across multiple tests. For each `TEST_F`,
+Google Test will create a fresh test fixture object, _immediately_
+call `SetUp()`, run the test body, call `TearDown()`, and then
+_immediately_ delete the test fixture object.
+
+When you need to write per-test set-up and tear-down logic, you have
+the choice between using the test fixture constructor/destructor or
+`SetUp()/TearDown()`. The former is usually preferred, as it has the
+following benefits:
+
+  * By initializing a member variable in the constructor, we have the option to make it `const`, which helps prevent accidental changes to its value and makes the tests more obviously correct.
+  * In case we need to subclass the test fixture class, the subclass' constructor is guaranteed to call the base class' constructor first, and the subclass' destructor is guaranteed to call the base class' destructor afterward. With `SetUp()/TearDown()`, a subclass may make the mistake of forgetting to call the base class' `SetUp()/TearDown()` or call them at the wrong moment.
+
+You may still want to use `SetUp()/TearDown()` in the following rare cases:
+  * If the tear-down operation could throw an exception, you must use `TearDown()` as opposed to the destructor, as throwing in a destructor leads to undefined behavior and usually will kill your program right away. Note that many standard libraries (like STL) may throw when exceptions are enabled in the compiler. Therefore you should prefer `TearDown()` if you want to write portable tests that work with or without exceptions.
+  * The assertion macros throw an exception when flag `--gtest_throw_on_failure` is specified. Therefore, you shouldn't use Google Test assertions in a destructor if you plan to run your tests with this flag.
+  * In a constructor or destructor, you cannot make a virtual function call on this object. (You can call a method declared as virtual, but it will be statically bound.) Therefore, if you need to call a method that will be overriden in a derived class, you have to use `SetUp()/TearDown()`.
+
+## The compiler complains "no matching function to call" when I use ASSERT\_PREDn. How do I fix it? ##
+
+If the predicate function you use in `ASSERT_PRED*` or `EXPECT_PRED*` is
+overloaded or a template, the compiler will have trouble figuring out which
+overloaded version it should use. `ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT*` and
+`EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT*` don't have this problem.
+
+If you see this error, you might want to switch to
+`(ASSERT|EXPECT)_PRED_FORMAT*`, which will also give you a better failure
+message. If, however, that is not an option, you can resolve the problem by
+explicitly telling the compiler which version to pick.
+
+For example, suppose you have
+
+``` cpp
+bool IsPositive(int n) {
+  return n > 0;
+}
+bool IsPositive(double x) {
+  return x > 0;
+}
+```
+
+you will get a compiler error if you write
+
+``` cpp
+EXPECT_PRED1(IsPositive, 5);
+```
+
+However, this will work:
+
+``` cpp
+EXPECT_PRED1(*static_cast<bool (*)(int)>*(IsPositive), 5);
+```
+
+(The stuff inside the angled brackets for the `static_cast` operator is the
+type of the function pointer for the `int`-version of `IsPositive()`.)
+
+As another example, when you have a template function
+
+``` cpp
+template <typename T>
+bool IsNegative(T x) {
+  return x < 0;
+}
+```
+
+you can use it in a predicate assertion like this:
+
+``` cpp
+ASSERT_PRED1(IsNegative*<int>*, -5);
+```
+
+Things are more interesting if your template has more than one parameters. The
+following won't compile:
+
+``` cpp
+ASSERT_PRED2(*GreaterThan<int, int>*, 5, 0);
+```
+
+
+as the C++ pre-processor thinks you are giving `ASSERT_PRED2` 4 arguments,
+which is one more than expected. The workaround is to wrap the predicate
+function in parentheses:
+
+``` cpp
+ASSERT_PRED2(*(GreaterThan<int, int>)*, 5, 0);
+```
+
+
+## My compiler complains about "ignoring return value" when I call RUN\_ALL\_TESTS(). Why? ##
+
+Some people had been ignoring the return value of `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`. That is,
+instead of
+
+``` cpp
+return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+```
+
+they write
+
+``` cpp
+RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+```
+
+This is wrong and dangerous. A test runner needs to see the return value of
+`RUN_ALL_TESTS()` in order to determine if a test has passed. If your `main()`
+function ignores it, your test will be considered successful even if it has a
+Google Test assertion failure. Very bad.
+
+To help the users avoid this dangerous bug, the implementation of
+`RUN_ALL_TESTS()` causes gcc to raise this warning, when the return value is
+ignored. If you see this warning, the fix is simple: just make sure its value
+is used as the return value of `main()`.
+
+## My compiler complains that a constructor (or destructor) cannot return a value. What's going on? ##
+
+Due to a peculiarity of C++, in order to support the syntax for streaming
+messages to an `ASSERT_*`, e.g.
+
+``` cpp
+ASSERT_EQ(1, Foo()) << "blah blah" << foo;
+```
+
+we had to give up using `ASSERT*` and `FAIL*` (but not `EXPECT*` and
+`ADD_FAILURE*`) in constructors and destructors. The workaround is to move the
+content of your constructor/destructor to a private void member function, or
+switch to `EXPECT_*()` if that works. This section in the user's guide explains
+it.
+
+## My set-up function is not called. Why? ##
+
+C++ is case-sensitive. It should be spelled as `SetUp()`.  Did you
+spell it as `Setup()`?
+
+Similarly, sometimes people spell `SetUpTestCase()` as `SetupTestCase()` and
+wonder why it's never called.
+
+## How do I jump to the line of a failure in Emacs directly? ##
+
+Google Test's failure message format is understood by Emacs and many other
+IDEs, like acme and XCode. If a Google Test message is in a compilation buffer
+in Emacs, then it's clickable. You can now hit `enter` on a message to jump to
+the corresponding source code, or use `C-x `` to jump to the next failure.
+
+## I have several test cases which share the same test fixture logic, do I have to define a new test fixture class for each of them? This seems pretty tedious. ##
+
+You don't have to. Instead of
+
+``` cpp
+class FooTest : public BaseTest {};
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Abc) { ... }
+TEST_F(FooTest, Def) { ... }
+
+class BarTest : public BaseTest {};
+
+TEST_F(BarTest, Abc) { ... }
+TEST_F(BarTest, Def) { ... }
+```
+
+you can simply `typedef` the test fixtures:
+``` cpp
+typedef BaseTest FooTest;
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Abc) { ... }
+TEST_F(FooTest, Def) { ... }
+
+typedef BaseTest BarTest;
+
+TEST_F(BarTest, Abc) { ... }
+TEST_F(BarTest, Def) { ... }
+```
+
+## The Google Test output is buried in a whole bunch of log messages. What do I do? ##
+
+The Google Test output is meant to be a concise and human-friendly report. If
+your test generates textual output itself, it will mix with the Google Test
+output, making it hard to read. However, there is an easy solution to this
+problem.
+
+Since most log messages go to stderr, we decided to let Google Test output go
+to stdout. This way, you can easily separate the two using redirection. For
+example:
+```
+./my_test > googletest_output.txt
+```
+
+## Why should I prefer test fixtures over global variables? ##
+
+There are several good reasons:
+  1. It's likely your test needs to change the states of its global variables. This makes it difficult to keep side effects from escaping one test and contaminating others, making debugging difficult. By using fixtures, each test has a fresh set of variables that's different (but with the same names). Thus, tests are kept independent of each other.
+  1. Global variables pollute the global namespace.
+  1. Test fixtures can be reused via subclassing, which cannot be done easily with global variables. This is useful if many test cases have something in common.
+
+## How do I test private class members without writing FRIEND\_TEST()s? ##
+
+You should try to write testable code, which means classes should be easily
+tested from their public interface. One way to achieve this is the Pimpl idiom:
+you move all private members of a class into a helper class, and make all
+members of the helper class public.
+
+You have several other options that don't require using `FRIEND_TEST`:
+  * Write the tests as members of the fixture class:
+``` cpp
+class Foo {
+  friend class FooTest;
+  ...
+};
+
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  ...
+  void Test1() {...} // This accesses private members of class Foo.
+  void Test2() {...} // So does this one.
+};
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Test1) {
+  Test1();
+}
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Test2) {
+  Test2();
+}
+```
+  * In the fixture class, write accessors for the tested class' private members, then use the accessors in your tests:
+``` cpp
+class Foo {
+  friend class FooTest;
+  ...
+};
+
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  ...
+  T1 get_private_member1(Foo* obj) {
+    return obj->private_member1_;
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Test1) {
+  ...
+  get_private_member1(x)
+  ...
+}
+```
+  * If the methods are declared **protected**, you can change their access level in a test-only subclass:
+``` cpp
+class YourClass {
+  ...
+ protected: // protected access for testability.
+  int DoSomethingReturningInt();
+  ...
+};
+
+// in the your_class_test.cc file:
+class TestableYourClass : public YourClass {
+  ...
+ public: using YourClass::DoSomethingReturningInt; // changes access rights
+  ...
+};
+
+TEST_F(YourClassTest, DoSomethingTest) {
+  TestableYourClass obj;
+  assertEquals(expected_value, obj.DoSomethingReturningInt());
+}
+```
+
+## How do I test private class static members without writing FRIEND\_TEST()s? ##
+
+We find private static methods clutter the header file.  They are
+implementation details and ideally should be kept out of a .h. So often I make
+them free functions instead.
+
+Instead of:
+``` cpp
+// foo.h
+class Foo {
+  ...
+ private:
+  static bool Func(int n);
+};
+
+// foo.cc
+bool Foo::Func(int n) { ... }
+
+// foo_test.cc
+EXPECT_TRUE(Foo::Func(12345));
+```
+
+You probably should better write:
+``` cpp
+// foo.h
+class Foo {
+  ...
+};
+
+// foo.cc
+namespace internal {
+  bool Func(int n) { ... }
+}
+
+// foo_test.cc
+namespace internal {
+  bool Func(int n);
+}
+
+EXPECT_TRUE(internal::Func(12345));
+```
+
+## I would like to run a test several times with different parameters. Do I need to write several similar copies of it? ##
+
+No. You can use a feature called [value-parameterized tests](AdvancedGuide.md#Value_Parameterized_Tests) which
+lets you repeat your tests with different parameters, without defining it more than once.
+
+## How do I test a file that defines main()? ##
+
+To test a `foo.cc` file, you need to compile and link it into your unit test
+program. However, when the file contains a definition for the `main()`
+function, it will clash with the `main()` of your unit test, and will result in
+a build error.
+
+The right solution is to split it into three files:
+  1. `foo.h` which contains the declarations,
+  1. `foo.cc` which contains the definitions except `main()`, and
+  1. `foo_main.cc` which contains nothing but the definition of `main()`.
+
+Then `foo.cc` can be easily tested.
+
+If you are adding tests to an existing file and don't want an intrusive change
+like this, there is a hack: just include the entire `foo.cc` file in your unit
+test. For example:
+``` cpp
+// File foo_unittest.cc
+
+// The headers section
+...
+
+// Renames main() in foo.cc to make room for the unit test main()
+#define main FooMain
+
+#include "a/b/foo.cc"
+
+// The tests start here.
+...
+```
+
+
+However, please remember this is a hack and should only be used as the last
+resort.
+
+## What can the statement argument in ASSERT\_DEATH() be? ##
+
+`ASSERT_DEATH(_statement_, _regex_)` (or any death assertion macro) can be used
+wherever `_statement_` is valid. So basically `_statement_` can be any C++
+statement that makes sense in the current context. In particular, it can
+reference global and/or local variables, and can be:
+  * a simple function call (often the case),
+  * a complex expression, or
+  * a compound statement.
+
+Some examples are shown here:
+
+``` cpp
+// A death test can be a simple function call.
+TEST(MyDeathTest, FunctionCall) {
+  ASSERT_DEATH(Xyz(5), "Xyz failed");
+}
+
+// Or a complex expression that references variables and functions.
+TEST(MyDeathTest, ComplexExpression) {
+  const bool c = Condition();
+  ASSERT_DEATH((c ? Func1(0) : object2.Method("test")),
+               "(Func1|Method) failed");
+}
+
+// Death assertions can be used any where in a function. In
+// particular, they can be inside a loop.
+TEST(MyDeathTest, InsideLoop) {
+  // Verifies that Foo(0), Foo(1), ..., and Foo(4) all die.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+    EXPECT_DEATH_M(Foo(i), "Foo has \\d+ errors",
+                   ::testing::Message() << "where i is " << i);
+  }
+}
+
+// A death assertion can contain a compound statement.
+TEST(MyDeathTest, CompoundStatement) {
+  // Verifies that at lease one of Bar(0), Bar(1), ..., and
+  // Bar(4) dies.
+  ASSERT_DEATH({
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+      Bar(i);
+    }
+  },
+  "Bar has \\d+ errors");}
+```
+
+`googletest_unittest.cc` contains more examples if you are interested.
+
+## What syntax does the regular expression in ASSERT\_DEATH use? ##
+
+On POSIX systems, Google Test uses the POSIX Extended regular
+expression syntax
+(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression#POSIX_Extended_Regular_Expressions).
+On Windows, it uses a limited variant of regular expression
+syntax. For more details, see the
+[regular expression syntax](AdvancedGuide.md#Regular_Expression_Syntax).
+
+## I have a fixture class Foo, but TEST\_F(Foo, Bar) gives me error "no matching function for call to Foo::Foo()". Why? ##
+
+Google Test needs to be able to create objects of your test fixture class, so
+it must have a default constructor. Normally the compiler will define one for
+you. However, there are cases where you have to define your own:
+  * If you explicitly declare a non-default constructor for class `Foo`, then you need to define a default constructor, even if it would be empty.
+  * If `Foo` has a const non-static data member, then you have to define the default constructor _and_ initialize the const member in the initializer list of the constructor. (Early versions of `gcc` doesn't force you to initialize the const member. It's a bug that has been fixed in `gcc 4`.)
+
+## Why does ASSERT\_DEATH complain about previous threads that were already joined? ##
+
+With the Linux pthread library, there is no turning back once you cross the
+line from single thread to multiple threads. The first time you create a
+thread, a manager thread is created in addition, so you get 3, not 2, threads.
+Later when the thread you create joins the main thread, the thread count
+decrements by 1, but the manager thread will never be killed, so you still have
+2 threads, which means you cannot safely run a death test.
+
+The new NPTL thread library doesn't suffer from this problem, as it doesn't
+create a manager thread. However, if you don't control which machine your test
+runs on, you shouldn't depend on this.
+
+## Why does Google Test require the entire test case, instead of individual tests, to be named FOODeathTest when it uses ASSERT\_DEATH? ##
+
+Google Test does not interleave tests from different test cases. That is, it
+runs all tests in one test case first, and then runs all tests in the next test
+case, and so on. Google Test does this because it needs to set up a test case
+before the first test in it is run, and tear it down afterwords. Splitting up
+the test case would require multiple set-up and tear-down processes, which is
+inefficient and makes the semantics unclean.
+
+If we were to determine the order of tests based on test name instead of test
+case name, then we would have a problem with the following situation:
+
+``` cpp
+TEST_F(FooTest, AbcDeathTest) { ... }
+TEST_F(FooTest, Uvw) { ... }
+
+TEST_F(BarTest, DefDeathTest) { ... }
+TEST_F(BarTest, Xyz) { ... }
+```
+
+Since `FooTest.AbcDeathTest` needs to run before `BarTest.Xyz`, and we don't
+interleave tests from different test cases, we need to run all tests in the
+`FooTest` case before running any test in the `BarTest` case. This contradicts
+with the requirement to run `BarTest.DefDeathTest` before `FooTest.Uvw`.
+
+## But I don't like calling my entire test case FOODeathTest when it contains both death tests and non-death tests. What do I do? ##
+
+You don't have to, but if you like, you may split up the test case into
+`FooTest` and `FooDeathTest`, where the names make it clear that they are
+related:
+
+``` cpp
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test { ... };
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Abc) { ... }
+TEST_F(FooTest, Def) { ... }
+
+typedef FooTest FooDeathTest;
+
+TEST_F(FooDeathTest, Uvw) { ... EXPECT_DEATH(...) ... }
+TEST_F(FooDeathTest, Xyz) { ... ASSERT_DEATH(...) ... }
+```
+
+## The compiler complains about "no match for 'operator<<'" when I use an assertion. What gives? ##
+
+If you use a user-defined type `FooType` in an assertion, you must make sure
+there is an `std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const FooType&)` function
+defined such that we can print a value of `FooType`.
+
+In addition, if `FooType` is declared in a name space, the `<<` operator also
+needs to be defined in the _same_ name space.
+
+## How do I suppress the memory leak messages on Windows? ##
+
+Since the statically initialized Google Test singleton requires allocations on
+the heap, the Visual C++ memory leak detector will report memory leaks at the
+end of the program run. The easiest way to avoid this is to use the
+`_CrtMemCheckpoint` and `_CrtMemDumpAllObjectsSince` calls to not report any
+statically initialized heap objects. See MSDN for more details and additional
+heap check/debug routines.
+
+## I am building my project with Google Test in Visual Studio and all I'm getting is a bunch of linker errors (or warnings). Help! ##
+
+You may get a number of the following linker error or warnings if you
+attempt to link your test project with the Google Test library when
+your project and the are not built using the same compiler settings.
+
+  * LNK2005: symbol already defined in object
+  * LNK4217: locally defined symbol 'symbol' imported in function 'function'
+  * LNK4049: locally defined symbol 'symbol' imported
+
+The Google Test project (gtest.vcproj) has the Runtime Library option
+set to /MT (use multi-threaded static libraries, /MTd for debug). If
+your project uses something else, for example /MD (use multi-threaded
+DLLs, /MDd for debug), you need to change the setting in the Google
+Test project to match your project's.
+
+To update this setting open the project properties in the Visual
+Studio IDE then select the branch Configuration Properties | C/C++ |
+Code Generation and change the option "Runtime Library".  You may also try
+using gtest-md.vcproj instead of gtest.vcproj.
+
+## I put my tests in a library and Google Test doesn't run them. What's happening? ##
+Have you read a
+[warning](Primer.md#important-note-for-visual-c-users) on
+the Google Test Primer page?
+
+## I want to use Google Test with Visual Studio but don't know where to start. ##
+Many people are in your position and one of the posted his solution to
+our mailing list.
+
+## I am seeing compile errors mentioning std::type\_traits when I try to use Google Test on Solaris. ##
+Google Test uses parts of the standard C++ library that SunStudio does not support.
+Our users reported success using alternative implementations. Try running the build after runing this commad:
+
+`export CC=cc CXX=CC CXXFLAGS='-library=stlport4'`
+
+## How can my code detect if it is running in a test? ##
+
+If you write code that sniffs whether it's running in a test and does
+different things accordingly, you are leaking test-only logic into
+production code and there is no easy way to ensure that the test-only
+code paths aren't run by mistake in production.  Such cleverness also
+leads to
+[Heisenbugs](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unusual_software_bug#Heisenbug).
+Therefore we strongly advise against the practice, and Google Test doesn't
+provide a way to do it.
+
+In general, the recommended way to cause the code to behave
+differently under test is [dependency injection](http://jamesshore.com/Blog/Dependency-Injection-Demystified.html).
+You can inject different functionality from the test and from the
+production code.  Since your production code doesn't link in the
+for-test logic at all, there is no danger in accidentally running it.
+
+However, if you _really_, _really_, _really_ have no choice, and if
+you follow the rule of ending your test program names with `_test`,
+you can use the _horrible_ hack of sniffing your executable name
+(`argv[0]` in `main()`) to know whether the code is under test.
+
+## Google Test defines a macro that clashes with one defined by another library. How do I deal with that? ##
+
+In C++, macros don't obey namespaces.  Therefore two libraries that
+both define a macro of the same name will clash if you `#include` both
+definitions.  In case a Google Test macro clashes with another
+library, you can force Google Test to rename its macro to avoid the
+conflict.
+
+Specifically, if both Google Test and some other code define macro
+`FOO`, you can add
+```
+  -DGTEST_DONT_DEFINE_FOO=1
+```
+to the compiler flags to tell Google Test to change the macro's name
+from `FOO` to `GTEST_FOO`. For example, with `-DGTEST_DONT_DEFINE_TEST=1`, you'll need to write
+``` cpp
+  GTEST_TEST(SomeTest, DoesThis) { ... }
+```
+instead of
+``` cpp
+  TEST(SomeTest, DoesThis) { ... }
+```
+in order to define a test.
+
+Currently, the following `TEST`, `FAIL`, `SUCCEED`, and the basic comparison assertion macros can have alternative names. You can see the full list of covered macros [here](http://www.google.com/codesearch?q=if+!GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_\w%2B+package:http://googletest\.googlecode\.com+file:/include/gtest/gtest.h). More information can be found in the "Avoiding Macro Name Clashes" section of the README file.
+
+
+## Is it OK if I have two separate `TEST(Foo, Bar)` test methods defined in different namespaces? ##
+
+Yes.
+
+The rule is **all test methods in the same test case must use the same fixture class**. This means that the following is **allowed** because both tests use the same fixture class (`::testing::Test`).
+
+``` cpp
+namespace foo {
+TEST(CoolTest, DoSomething) {
+  SUCCEED();
+}
+}  // namespace foo
+
+namespace bar {
+TEST(CoolTest, DoSomething) {
+  SUCCEED();
+}
+}  // namespace foo
+```
+
+However, the following code is **not allowed** and will produce a runtime error from Google Test because the test methods are using different test fixture classes with the same test case name.
+
+``` cpp
+namespace foo {
+class CoolTest : public ::testing::Test {};  // Fixture foo::CoolTest
+TEST_F(CoolTest, DoSomething) {
+  SUCCEED();
+}
+}  // namespace foo
+
+namespace bar {
+class CoolTest : public ::testing::Test {};  // Fixture: bar::CoolTest
+TEST_F(CoolTest, DoSomething) {
+  SUCCEED();
+}
+}  // namespace foo
+```
+
+## How do I build Google Testing Framework with Xcode 4? ##
+
+If you try to build Google Test's Xcode project with Xcode 4.0 or later, you may encounter an error message that looks like
+"Missing SDK in target gtest\_framework: /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk". That means that Xcode does not support the SDK the project is targeting. See the Xcode section in the [README](../README.md) file on how to resolve this.
+
+## My question is not covered in your FAQ! ##
+
+If you cannot find the answer to your question in this FAQ, there are
+some other resources you can use:
+
+  1. read other [wiki pages](../docs),
+  1. search the mailing list [archive](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/googletestframework),
+  1. ask it on [googletestframework@googlegroups.com](mailto:googletestframework@googlegroups.com) and someone will answer it (to prevent spam, we require you to join the [discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googletestframework) before you can post.).
+
+Please note that creating an issue in the
+[issue tracker](https://github.com/google/googletest/issues) is _not_
+a good way to get your answer, as it is monitored infrequently by a
+very small number of people.
+
+When asking a question, it's helpful to provide as much of the
+following information as possible (people cannot help you if there's
+not enough information in your question):
+
+  * the version (or the commit hash if you check out from Git directly) of Google Test you use (Google Test is under active development, so it's possible that your problem has been solved in a later version),
+  * your operating system,
+  * the name and version of your compiler,
+  * the complete command line flags you give to your compiler,
+  * the complete compiler error messages (if the question is about compilation),
+  * the _actual_ code (ideally, a minimal but complete program) that has the problem you encounter.
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/Primer.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/Primer.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..474c1d2ab632
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/Primer.md
@@ -0,0 +1,502 @@
+
+
+# Introduction: Why Google C++ Testing Framework? #
+
+_Google C++ Testing Framework_ helps you write better C++ tests.
+
+No matter whether you work on Linux, Windows, or a Mac, if you write C++ code,
+Google Test can help you.
+
+So what makes a good test, and how does Google C++ Testing Framework fit in? We believe:
+  1. Tests should be _independent_ and _repeatable_. It's a pain to debug a test that succeeds or fails as a result of other tests.  Google C++ Testing Framework isolates the tests by running each of them on a different object. When a test fails, Google C++ Testing Framework allows you to run it in isolation for quick debugging.
+  1. Tests should be well _organized_ and reflect the structure of the tested code.  Google C++ Testing Framework groups related tests into test cases that can share data and subroutines. This common pattern is easy to recognize and makes tests easy to maintain. Such consistency is especially helpful when people switch projects and start to work on a new code base.
+  1. Tests should be _portable_ and _reusable_. The open-source community has a lot of code that is platform-neutral, its tests should also be platform-neutral.  Google C++ Testing Framework works on different OSes, with different compilers (gcc, MSVC, and others), with or without exceptions, so Google C++ Testing Framework tests can easily work with a variety of configurations.  (Note that the current release only contains build scripts for Linux - we are actively working on scripts for other platforms.)
+  1. When tests fail, they should provide as much _information_ about the problem as possible. Google C++ Testing Framework doesn't stop at the first test failure. Instead, it only stops the current test and continues with the next. You can also set up tests that report non-fatal failures after which the current test continues. Thus, you can detect and fix multiple bugs in a single run-edit-compile cycle.
+  1. The testing framework should liberate test writers from housekeeping chores and let them focus on the test _content_.  Google C++ Testing Framework automatically keeps track of all tests defined, and doesn't require the user to enumerate them in order to run them.
+  1. Tests should be _fast_. With Google C++ Testing Framework, you can reuse shared resources across tests and pay for the set-up/tear-down only once, without making tests depend on each other.
+
+Since Google C++ Testing Framework is based on the popular xUnit
+architecture, you'll feel right at home if you've used JUnit or PyUnit before.
+If not, it will take you about 10 minutes to learn the basics and get started.
+So let's go!
+
+_Note:_ We sometimes refer to Google C++ Testing Framework informally
+as _Google Test_.
+
+# Setting up a New Test Project #
+
+To write a test program using Google Test, you need to compile Google
+Test into a library and link your test with it.  We provide build
+files for some popular build systems: `msvc/` for Visual Studio,
+`xcode/` for Mac Xcode, `make/` for GNU make, `codegear/` for Borland
+C++ Builder, and the autotools script (deprecated) and
+`CMakeLists.txt` for CMake (recommended) in the Google Test root
+directory.  If your build system is not on this list, you can take a
+look at `make/Makefile` to learn how Google Test should be compiled
+(basically you want to compile `src/gtest-all.cc` with `GTEST_ROOT`
+and `GTEST_ROOT/include` in the header search path, where `GTEST_ROOT`
+is the Google Test root directory).
+
+Once you are able to compile the Google Test library, you should
+create a project or build target for your test program.  Make sure you
+have `GTEST_ROOT/include` in the header search path so that the
+compiler can find `"gtest/gtest.h"` when compiling your test.  Set up
+your test project to link with the Google Test library (for example,
+in Visual Studio, this is done by adding a dependency on
+`gtest.vcproj`).
+
+If you still have questions, take a look at how Google Test's own
+tests are built and use them as examples.
+
+# Basic Concepts #
+
+When using Google Test, you start by writing _assertions_, which are statements
+that check whether a condition is true. An assertion's result can be _success_,
+_nonfatal failure_, or _fatal failure_. If a fatal failure occurs, it aborts
+the current function; otherwise the program continues normally.
+
+_Tests_ use assertions to verify the tested code's behavior. If a test crashes
+or has a failed assertion, then it _fails_; otherwise it _succeeds_.
+
+A _test case_ contains one or many tests. You should group your tests into test
+cases that reflect the structure of the tested code. When multiple tests in a
+test case need to share common objects and subroutines, you can put them into a
+_test fixture_ class.
+
+A _test program_ can contain multiple test cases.
+
+We'll now explain how to write a test program, starting at the individual
+assertion level and building up to tests and test cases.
+
+# Assertions #
+
+Google Test assertions are macros that resemble function calls. You test a
+class or function by making assertions about its behavior. When an assertion
+fails, Google Test prints the assertion's source file and line number location,
+along with a failure message. You may also supply a custom failure message
+which will be appended to Google Test's message.
+
+The assertions come in pairs that test the same thing but have different
+effects on the current function. `ASSERT_*` versions generate fatal failures
+when they fail, and **abort the current function**. `EXPECT_*` versions generate
+nonfatal failures, which don't abort the current function. Usually `EXPECT_*`
+are preferred, as they allow more than one failures to be reported in a test.
+However, you should use `ASSERT_*` if it doesn't make sense to continue when
+the assertion in question fails.
+
+Since a failed `ASSERT_*` returns from the current function immediately,
+possibly skipping clean-up code that comes after it, it may cause a space leak.
+Depending on the nature of the leak, it may or may not be worth fixing - so
+keep this in mind if you get a heap checker error in addition to assertion
+errors.
+
+To provide a custom failure message, simply stream it into the macro using the
+`<<` operator, or a sequence of such operators. An example:
+```
+ASSERT_EQ(x.size(), y.size()) << "Vectors x and y are of unequal length";
+
+for (int i = 0; i < x.size(); ++i) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(x[i], y[i]) << "Vectors x and y differ at index " << i;
+}
+```
+
+Anything that can be streamed to an `ostream` can be streamed to an assertion
+macro--in particular, C strings and `string` objects. If a wide string
+(`wchar_t*`, `TCHAR*` in `UNICODE` mode on Windows, or `std::wstring`) is
+streamed to an assertion, it will be translated to UTF-8 when printed.
+
+## Basic Assertions ##
+
+These assertions do basic true/false condition testing.
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_TRUE(`_condition_`)`;  | `EXPECT_TRUE(`_condition_`)`;   | _condition_ is true |
+| `ASSERT_FALSE(`_condition_`)`; | `EXPECT_FALSE(`_condition_`)`;  | _condition_ is false |
+
+Remember, when they fail, `ASSERT_*` yields a fatal failure and
+returns from the current function, while `EXPECT_*` yields a nonfatal
+failure, allowing the function to continue running. In either case, an
+assertion failure means its containing test fails.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## Binary Comparison ##
+
+This section describes assertions that compare two values.
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+|`ASSERT_EQ(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`|`EXPECT_EQ(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`| _val1_ `==` _val2_ |
+|`ASSERT_NE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`|`EXPECT_NE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`| _val1_ `!=` _val2_ |
+|`ASSERT_LT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`|`EXPECT_LT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`| _val1_ `<` _val2_ |
+|`ASSERT_LE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`|`EXPECT_LE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`| _val1_ `<=` _val2_ |
+|`ASSERT_GT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`|`EXPECT_GT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`| _val1_ `>` _val2_ |
+|`ASSERT_GE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`|`EXPECT_GE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`| _val1_ `>=` _val2_ |
+
+In the event of a failure, Google Test prints both _val1_ and _val2_.
+
+Value arguments must be comparable by the assertion's comparison
+operator or you'll get a compiler error.  We used to require the
+arguments to support the `<<` operator for streaming to an `ostream`,
+but it's no longer necessary since v1.6.0 (if `<<` is supported, it
+will be called to print the arguments when the assertion fails;
+otherwise Google Test will attempt to print them in the best way it
+can. For more details and how to customize the printing of the
+arguments, see this Google Mock [recipe](../../googlemock/docs/CookBook.md#teaching-google-mock-how-to-print-your-values).).
+
+These assertions can work with a user-defined type, but only if you define the
+corresponding comparison operator (e.g. `==`, `<`, etc).  If the corresponding
+operator is defined, prefer using the `ASSERT_*()` macros because they will
+print out not only the result of the comparison, but the two operands as well.
+
+Arguments are always evaluated exactly once. Therefore, it's OK for the
+arguments to have side effects. However, as with any ordinary C/C++ function,
+the arguments' evaluation order is undefined (i.e. the compiler is free to
+choose any order) and your code should not depend on any particular argument
+evaluation order.
+
+`ASSERT_EQ()` does pointer equality on pointers. If used on two C strings, it
+tests if they are in the same memory location, not if they have the same value.
+Therefore, if you want to compare C strings (e.g. `const char*`) by value, use
+`ASSERT_STREQ()` , which will be described later on. In particular, to assert
+that a C string is `NULL`, use `ASSERT_STREQ(NULL, c_string)` . However, to
+compare two `string` objects, you should use `ASSERT_EQ`.
+
+Macros in this section work with both narrow and wide string objects (`string`
+and `wstring`).
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+_Historical note_: Before February 2016 `*_EQ` had a convention of calling it as
+`ASSERT_EQ(expected, actual)`, so lots of existing code uses this order.
+Now `*_EQ` treats both parameters in the same way.
+
+## String Comparison ##
+
+The assertions in this group compare two **C strings**. If you want to compare
+two `string` objects, use `EXPECT_EQ`, `EXPECT_NE`, and etc instead.
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_STREQ(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);`    | `EXPECT_STREQ(`_str1_`, `_str_2`);`     | the two C strings have the same content |
+| `ASSERT_STRNE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);`    | `EXPECT_STRNE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);`     | the two C strings have different content |
+| `ASSERT_STRCASEEQ(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);`| `EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);` | the two C strings have the same content, ignoring case |
+| `ASSERT_STRCASENE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);`| `EXPECT_STRCASENE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);` | the two C strings have different content, ignoring case |
+
+Note that "CASE" in an assertion name means that case is ignored.
+
+`*STREQ*` and `*STRNE*` also accept wide C strings (`wchar_t*`). If a
+comparison of two wide strings fails, their values will be printed as UTF-8
+narrow strings.
+
+A `NULL` pointer and an empty string are considered _different_.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+See also: For more string comparison tricks (substring, prefix, suffix, and
+regular expression matching, for example), see the [Advanced Google Test Guide](AdvancedGuide.md).
+
+# Simple Tests #
+
+To create a test:
+  1. Use the `TEST()` macro to define and name a test function, These are ordinary C++ functions that don't return a value.
+  1. In this function, along with any valid C++ statements you want to include, use the various Google Test assertions to check values.
+  1. The test's result is determined by the assertions; if any assertion in the test fails (either fatally or non-fatally), or if the test crashes, the entire test fails. Otherwise, it succeeds.
+
+```
+TEST(test_case_name, test_name) {
+ ... test body ...
+}
+```
+
+
+`TEST()` arguments go from general to specific. The _first_ argument is the
+name of the test case, and the _second_ argument is the test's name within the
+test case. Both names must be valid C++ identifiers, and they should not contain underscore (`_`). A test's _full name_ consists of its containing test case and its
+individual name. Tests from different test cases can have the same individual
+name.
+
+For example, let's take a simple integer function:
+```
+int Factorial(int n); // Returns the factorial of n
+```
+
+A test case for this function might look like:
+```
+// Tests factorial of 0.
+TEST(FactorialTest, HandlesZeroInput) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(0));
+}
+
+// Tests factorial of positive numbers.
+TEST(FactorialTest, HandlesPositiveInput) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, Factorial(2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(6, Factorial(3));
+  EXPECT_EQ(40320, Factorial(8));
+}
+```
+
+Google Test groups the test results by test cases, so logically-related tests
+should be in the same test case; in other words, the first argument to their
+`TEST()` should be the same. In the above example, we have two tests,
+`HandlesZeroInput` and `HandlesPositiveInput`, that belong to the same test
+case `FactorialTest`.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+# Test Fixtures: Using the Same Data Configuration for Multiple Tests #
+
+If you find yourself writing two or more tests that operate on similar data,
+you can use a _test fixture_. It allows you to reuse the same configuration of
+objects for several different tests.
+
+To create a fixture, just:
+  1. Derive a class from `::testing::Test` . Start its body with `protected:` or `public:` as we'll want to access fixture members from sub-classes.
+  1. Inside the class, declare any objects you plan to use.
+  1. If necessary, write a default constructor or `SetUp()` function to prepare the objects for each test. A common mistake is to spell `SetUp()` as `Setup()` with a small `u` - don't let that happen to you.
+  1. If necessary, write a destructor or `TearDown()` function to release any resources you allocated in `SetUp()` . To learn when you should use the constructor/destructor and when you should use `SetUp()/TearDown()`, read this [FAQ entry](FAQ.md#should-i-use-the-constructordestructor-of-the-test-fixture-or-the-set-uptear-down-function).
+  1. If needed, define subroutines for your tests to share.
+
+When using a fixture, use `TEST_F()` instead of `TEST()` as it allows you to
+access objects and subroutines in the test fixture:
+```
+TEST_F(test_case_name, test_name) {
+ ... test body ...
+}
+```
+
+Like `TEST()`, the first argument is the test case name, but for `TEST_F()`
+this must be the name of the test fixture class. You've probably guessed: `_F`
+is for fixture.
+
+Unfortunately, the C++ macro system does not allow us to create a single macro
+that can handle both types of tests. Using the wrong macro causes a compiler
+error.
+
+Also, you must first define a test fixture class before using it in a
+`TEST_F()`, or you'll get the compiler error "`virtual outside class
+declaration`".
+
+For each test defined with `TEST_F()`, Google Test will:
+  1. Create a _fresh_ test fixture at runtime
+  1. Immediately initialize it via `SetUp()` ,
+  1. Run the test
+  1. Clean up by calling `TearDown()`
+  1. Delete the test fixture.  Note that different tests in the same test case have different test fixture objects, and Google Test always deletes a test fixture before it creates the next one. Google Test does not reuse the same test fixture for multiple tests. Any changes one test makes to the fixture do not affect other tests.
+
+As an example, let's write tests for a FIFO queue class named `Queue`, which
+has the following interface:
+```
+template <typename E> // E is the element type.
+class Queue {
+ public:
+  Queue();
+  void Enqueue(const E& element);
+  E* Dequeue(); // Returns NULL if the queue is empty.
+  size_t size() const;
+  ...
+};
+```
+
+First, define a fixture class. By convention, you should give it the name
+`FooTest` where `Foo` is the class being tested.
+```
+class QueueTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    q1_.Enqueue(1);
+    q2_.Enqueue(2);
+    q2_.Enqueue(3);
+  }
+
+  // virtual void TearDown() {}
+
+  Queue<int> q0_;
+  Queue<int> q1_;
+  Queue<int> q2_;
+};
+```
+
+In this case, `TearDown()` is not needed since we don't have to clean up after
+each test, other than what's already done by the destructor.
+
+Now we'll write tests using `TEST_F()` and this fixture.
+```
+TEST_F(QueueTest, IsEmptyInitially) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, q0_.size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(QueueTest, DequeueWorks) {
+  int* n = q0_.Dequeue();
+  EXPECT_EQ(NULL, n);
+
+  n = q1_.Dequeue();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, *n);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, q1_.size());
+  delete n;
+
+  n = q2_.Dequeue();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, *n);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, q2_.size());
+  delete n;
+}
+```
+
+The above uses both `ASSERT_*` and `EXPECT_*` assertions. The rule of thumb is
+to use `EXPECT_*` when you want the test to continue to reveal more errors
+after the assertion failure, and use `ASSERT_*` when continuing after failure
+doesn't make sense. For example, the second assertion in the `Dequeue` test is
+`ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL)`, as we need to dereference the pointer `n` later,
+which would lead to a segfault when `n` is `NULL`.
+
+When these tests run, the following happens:
+  1. Google Test constructs a `QueueTest` object (let's call it `t1` ).
+  1. `t1.SetUp()` initializes `t1` .
+  1. The first test ( `IsEmptyInitially` ) runs on `t1` .
+  1. `t1.TearDown()` cleans up after the test finishes.
+  1. `t1` is destructed.
+  1. The above steps are repeated on another `QueueTest` object, this time running the `DequeueWorks` test.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+_Note_: Google Test automatically saves all _Google Test_ flags when a test
+object is constructed, and restores them when it is destructed.
+
+# Invoking the Tests #
+
+`TEST()` and `TEST_F()` implicitly register their tests with Google Test. So, unlike with many other C++ testing frameworks, you don't have to re-list all your defined tests in order to run them.
+
+After defining your tests, you can run them with `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` , which returns `0` if all the tests are successful, or `1` otherwise. Note that `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` runs _all tests_ in your link unit -- they can be from different test cases, or even different source files.
+
+When invoked, the `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` macro:
+  1. Saves the state of all  Google Test flags.
+  1. Creates a test fixture object for the first test.
+  1. Initializes it via `SetUp()`.
+  1. Runs the test on the fixture object.
+  1. Cleans up the fixture via `TearDown()`.
+  1. Deletes the fixture.
+  1. Restores the state of all Google Test flags.
+  1. Repeats the above steps for the next test, until all tests have run.
+
+In addition, if the text fixture's constructor generates a fatal failure in
+step 2, there is no point for step 3 - 5 and they are thus skipped. Similarly,
+if step 3 generates a fatal failure, step 4 will be skipped.
+
+_Important_: You must not ignore the return value of `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`, or `gcc`
+will give you a compiler error. The rationale for this design is that the
+automated testing service determines whether a test has passed based on its
+exit code, not on its stdout/stderr output; thus your `main()` function must
+return the value of `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`.
+
+Also, you should call `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` only **once**. Calling it more than once
+conflicts with some advanced Google Test features (e.g. thread-safe death
+tests) and thus is not supported.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+# Writing the main() Function #
+
+You can start from this boilerplate:
+```
+#include "this/package/foo.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace {
+
+// The fixture for testing class Foo.
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  // You can remove any or all of the following functions if its body
+  // is empty.
+
+  FooTest() {
+    // You can do set-up work for each test here.
+  }
+
+  virtual ~FooTest() {
+    // You can do clean-up work that doesn't throw exceptions here.
+  }
+
+  // If the constructor and destructor are not enough for setting up
+  // and cleaning up each test, you can define the following methods:
+
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    // Code here will be called immediately after the constructor (right
+    // before each test).
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    // Code here will be called immediately after each test (right
+    // before the destructor).
+  }
+
+  // Objects declared here can be used by all tests in the test case for Foo.
+};
+
+// Tests that the Foo::Bar() method does Abc.
+TEST_F(FooTest, MethodBarDoesAbc) {
+  const string input_filepath = "this/package/testdata/myinputfile.dat";
+  const string output_filepath = "this/package/testdata/myoutputfile.dat";
+  Foo f;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, f.Bar(input_filepath, output_filepath));
+}
+
+// Tests that Foo does Xyz.
+TEST_F(FooTest, DoesXyz) {
+  // Exercises the Xyz feature of Foo.
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
+```
+
+The `::testing::InitGoogleTest()` function parses the command line for Google
+Test flags, and removes all recognized flags. This allows the user to control a
+test program's behavior via various flags, which we'll cover in [AdvancedGuide](AdvancedGuide.md).
+You must call this function before calling `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`, or the flags
+won't be properly initialized.
+
+On Windows, `InitGoogleTest()` also works with wide strings, so it can be used
+in programs compiled in `UNICODE` mode as well.
+
+But maybe you think that writing all those main() functions is too much work? We agree with you completely and that's why Google Test provides a basic implementation of main(). If it fits your needs, then just link your test with gtest\_main library and you are good to go.
+
+## Important note for Visual C++ users ##
+If you put your tests into a library and your `main()` function is in a different library or in your .exe file, those tests will not run. The reason is a [bug](https://connect.microsoft.com/feedback/viewfeedback.aspx?FeedbackID=244410&siteid=210) in Visual C++. When you define your tests, Google Test creates certain static objects to register them. These objects are not referenced from elsewhere but their constructors are still supposed to run. When Visual C++ linker sees that nothing in the library is referenced from other places it throws the library out. You have to reference your library with tests from your main program to keep the linker from discarding it. Here is how to do it. Somewhere in your library code declare a function:
+```
+__declspec(dllexport) int PullInMyLibrary() { return 0; }
+```
+If you put your tests in a static library (not DLL) then `__declspec(dllexport)` is not required. Now, in your main program, write a code that invokes that function:
+```
+int PullInMyLibrary();
+static int dummy = PullInMyLibrary();
+```
+This will keep your tests referenced and will make them register themselves at startup.
+
+In addition, if you define your tests in a static library, add `/OPT:NOREF` to your main program linker options. If you use MSVC++ IDE, go to your .exe project properties/Configuration Properties/Linker/Optimization and set References setting to `Keep Unreferenced Data (/OPT:NOREF)`. This will keep Visual C++ linker from discarding individual symbols generated by your tests from the final executable.
+
+There is one more pitfall, though. If you use Google Test as a static library (that's how it is defined in gtest.vcproj) your tests must also reside in a static library. If you have to have them in a DLL, you _must_ change Google Test to build into a DLL as well. Otherwise your tests will not run correctly or will not run at all. The general conclusion here is: make your life easier - do not write your tests in libraries!
+
+# Where to Go from Here #
+
+Congratulations! You've learned the Google Test basics. You can start writing
+and running Google Test tests, read some [samples](Samples.md), or continue with
+[AdvancedGuide](AdvancedGuide.md), which describes many more useful Google Test features.
+
+# Known Limitations #
+
+Google Test is designed to be thread-safe.  The implementation is
+thread-safe on systems where the `pthreads` library is available.  It
+is currently _unsafe_ to use Google Test assertions from two threads
+concurrently on other systems (e.g. Windows).  In most tests this is
+not an issue as usually the assertions are done in the main thread. If
+you want to help, you can volunteer to implement the necessary
+synchronization primitives in `gtest-port.h` for your platform.
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/PumpManual.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/PumpManual.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8184f153ca2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/PumpManual.md
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+
+
+<b>P</b>ump is <b>U</b>seful for <b>M</b>eta <b>P</b>rogramming.
+
+# The Problem #
+
+Template and macro libraries often need to define many classes,
+functions, or macros that vary only (or almost only) in the number of
+arguments they take. It's a lot of repetitive, mechanical, and
+error-prone work.
+
+Variadic templates and variadic macros can alleviate the problem.
+However, while both are being considered by the C++ committee, neither
+is in the standard yet or widely supported by compilers.  Thus they
+are often not a good choice, especially when your code needs to be
+portable. And their capabilities are still limited.
+
+As a result, authors of such libraries often have to write scripts to
+generate their implementation. However, our experience is that it's
+tedious to write such scripts, which tend to reflect the structure of
+the generated code poorly and are often hard to read and edit. For
+example, a small change needed in the generated code may require some
+non-intuitive, non-trivial changes in the script. This is especially
+painful when experimenting with the code.
+
+# Our Solution #
+
+Pump (for Pump is Useful for Meta Programming, Pretty Useful for Meta
+Programming, or Practical Utility for Meta Programming, whichever you
+prefer) is a simple meta-programming tool for C++. The idea is that a
+programmer writes a `foo.pump` file which contains C++ code plus meta
+code that manipulates the C++ code. The meta code can handle
+iterations over a range, nested iterations, local meta variable
+definitions, simple arithmetic, and conditional expressions. You can
+view it as a small Domain-Specific Language. The meta language is
+designed to be non-intrusive (s.t. it won't confuse Emacs' C++ mode,
+for example) and concise, making Pump code intuitive and easy to
+maintain.
+
+## Highlights ##
+
+  * The implementation is in a single Python script and thus ultra portable: no build or installation is needed and it works cross platforms.
+  * Pump tries to be smart with respect to [Google's style guide](http://code.google.com/p/google-styleguide/): it breaks long lines (easy to have when they are generated) at acceptable places to fit within 80 columns and indent the continuation lines correctly.
+  * The format is human-readable and more concise than XML.
+  * The format works relatively well with Emacs' C++ mode.
+
+## Examples ##
+
+The following Pump code (where meta keywords start with `$`, `[[` and `]]` are meta brackets, and `$$` starts a meta comment that ends with the line):
+
+```
+$var n = 3     $$ Defines a meta variable n.
+$range i 0..n  $$ Declares the range of meta iterator i (inclusive).
+$for i [[
+               $$ Meta loop.
+// Foo$i does blah for $i-ary predicates.
+$range j 1..i
+template <size_t N $for j [[, typename A$j]]>
+class Foo$i {
+$if i == 0 [[
+  blah a;
+]] $elif i <= 2 [[
+  blah b;
+]] $else [[
+  blah c;
+]]
+};
+
+]]
+```
+
+will be translated by the Pump compiler to:
+
+```
+// Foo0 does blah for 0-ary predicates.
+template <size_t N>
+class Foo0 {
+  blah a;
+};
+
+// Foo1 does blah for 1-ary predicates.
+template <size_t N, typename A1>
+class Foo1 {
+  blah b;
+};
+
+// Foo2 does blah for 2-ary predicates.
+template <size_t N, typename A1, typename A2>
+class Foo2 {
+  blah b;
+};
+
+// Foo3 does blah for 3-ary predicates.
+template <size_t N, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3>
+class Foo3 {
+  blah c;
+};
+```
+
+In another example,
+
+```
+$range i 1..n
+Func($for i + [[a$i]]);
+$$ The text between i and [[ is the separator between iterations.
+```
+
+will generate one of the following lines (without the comments), depending on the value of `n`:
+
+```
+Func();              // If n is 0.
+Func(a1);            // If n is 1.
+Func(a1 + a2);       // If n is 2.
+Func(a1 + a2 + a3);  // If n is 3.
+// And so on...
+```
+
+## Constructs ##
+
+We support the following meta programming constructs:
+
+| `$var id = exp` | Defines a named constant value. `$id` is valid util the end of the current meta lexical block. |
+|:----------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `$range id exp..exp` | Sets the range of an iteration variable, which can be reused in multiple loops later.          |
+| `$for id sep [[ code ]]` | Iteration. The range of `id` must have been defined earlier. `$id` is valid in `code`.         |
+| `$($)`          | Generates a single `$` character.                                                              |
+| `$id`           | Value of the named constant or iteration variable.                                             |
+| `$(exp)`        | Value of the expression.                                                                       |
+| `$if exp [[ code ]] else_branch` | Conditional.                                                                                   |
+| `[[ code ]]`    | Meta lexical block.                                                                            |
+| `cpp_code`      | Raw C++ code.                                                                                  |
+| `$$ comment`    | Meta comment.                                                                                  |
+
+**Note:** To give the user some freedom in formatting the Pump source
+code, Pump ignores a new-line character if it's right after `$for foo`
+or next to `[[` or `]]`. Without this rule you'll often be forced to write
+very long lines to get the desired output. Therefore sometimes you may
+need to insert an extra new-line in such places for a new-line to show
+up in your output.
+
+## Grammar ##
+
+```
+code ::= atomic_code*
+atomic_code ::= $var id = exp
+    | $var id = [[ code ]]
+    | $range id exp..exp
+    | $for id sep [[ code ]]
+    | $($)
+    | $id
+    | $(exp)
+    | $if exp [[ code ]] else_branch
+    | [[ code ]]
+    | cpp_code
+sep ::= cpp_code | empty_string
+else_branch ::= $else [[ code ]]
+    | $elif exp [[ code ]] else_branch
+    | empty_string
+exp ::= simple_expression_in_Python_syntax
+```
+
+## Code ##
+
+You can find the source code of Pump in [scripts/pump.py](../scripts/pump.py). It is still
+very unpolished and lacks automated tests, although it has been
+successfully used many times. If you find a chance to use it in your
+project, please let us know what you think!  We also welcome help on
+improving Pump.
+
+## Real Examples ##
+
+You can find real-world applications of Pump in [Google Test](http://www.google.com/codesearch?q=file%3A\.pump%24+package%3Ahttp%3A%2F%2Fgoogletest\.googlecode\.com) and [Google Mock](http://www.google.com/codesearch?q=file%3A\.pump%24+package%3Ahttp%3A%2F%2Fgooglemock\.googlecode\.com).  The source file `foo.h.pump` generates `foo.h`.
+
+## Tips ##
+
+  * If a meta variable is followed by a letter or digit, you can separate them using `[[]]`, which inserts an empty string. For example `Foo$j[[]]Helper` generate `Foo1Helper` when `j` is 1.
+  * To avoid extra-long Pump source lines, you can break a line anywhere you want by inserting `[[]]` followed by a new line. Since any new-line character next to `[[` or `]]` is ignored, the generated code won't contain this new line.
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/Samples.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/Samples.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f21d20056735
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/Samples.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+If you're like us, you'd like to look at some Google Test sample code.  The
+[samples folder](../samples) has a number of well-commented samples showing how to use a
+variety of Google Test features.
+
+  * [Sample #1](../samples/sample1_unittest.cc) shows the basic steps of using Google Test to test C++ functions.
+  * [Sample #2](../samples/sample2_unittest.cc) shows a more complex unit test for a class with multiple member functions.
+  * [Sample #3](../samples/sample3_unittest.cc) uses a test fixture.
+  * [Sample #4](../samples/sample4_unittest.cc) is another basic example of using Google Test.
+  * [Sample #5](../samples/sample5_unittest.cc) teaches how to reuse a test fixture in multiple test cases by deriving sub-fixtures from it.
+  * [Sample #6](../samples/sample6_unittest.cc) demonstrates type-parameterized tests.
+  * [Sample #7](../samples/sample7_unittest.cc) teaches the basics of value-parameterized tests.
+  * [Sample #8](../samples/sample8_unittest.cc) shows using `Combine()` in value-parameterized tests.
+  * [Sample #9](../samples/sample9_unittest.cc) shows use of the listener API to modify Google Test's console output and the use of its reflection API to inspect test results.
+  * [Sample #10](../samples/sample10_unittest.cc) shows use of the listener API to implement a primitive memory leak checker.
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_5_AdvancedGuide.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_5_AdvancedGuide.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..34e19c26fdff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_5_AdvancedGuide.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2096 @@
+
+
+Now that you have read [Primer](V1_5_Primer.md) and learned how to write tests
+using Google Test, it's time to learn some new tricks. This document
+will show you more assertions as well as how to construct complex
+failure messages, propagate fatal failures, reuse and speed up your
+test fixtures, and use various flags with your tests.
+
+# More Assertions #
+
+This section covers some less frequently used, but still significant,
+assertions.
+
+## Explicit Success and Failure ##
+
+These three assertions do not actually test a value or expression. Instead,
+they generate a success or failure directly. Like the macros that actually
+perform a test, you may stream a custom failure message into the them.
+
+| `SUCCEED();` |
+|:-------------|
+
+Generates a success. This does NOT make the overall test succeed. A test is
+considered successful only if none of its assertions fail during its execution.
+
+Note: `SUCCEED()` is purely documentary and currently doesn't generate any
+user-visible output. However, we may add `SUCCEED()` messages to Google Test's
+output in the future.
+
+| `FAIL();`  | `ADD_FAILURE();` |
+|:-----------|:-----------------|
+
+`FAIL*` generates a fatal failure while `ADD_FAILURE*` generates a nonfatal
+failure. These are useful when control flow, rather than a Boolean expression,
+deteremines the test's success or failure. For example, you might want to write
+something like:
+
+```
+switch(expression) {
+  case 1: ... some checks ...
+  case 2: ... some other checks
+  ...
+  default: FAIL() << "We shouldn't get here.";
+}
+```
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## Exception Assertions ##
+
+These are for verifying that a piece of code throws (or does not
+throw) an exception of the given type:
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_THROW(`_statement_, _exception\_type_`);`  | `EXPECT_THROW(`_statement_, _exception\_type_`);`  | _statement_ throws an exception of the given type  |
+| `ASSERT_ANY_THROW(`_statement_`);`                | `EXPECT_ANY_THROW(`_statement_`);`                | _statement_ throws an exception of any type        |
+| `ASSERT_NO_THROW(`_statement_`);`                 | `EXPECT_NO_THROW(`_statement_`);`                 | _statement_ doesn't throw any exception            |
+
+Examples:
+
+```
+ASSERT_THROW(Foo(5), bar_exception);
+
+EXPECT_NO_THROW({
+  int n = 5;
+  Bar(&n);
+});
+```
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac; since version 1.1.0.
+
+## Predicate Assertions for Better Error Messages ##
+
+Even though Google Test has a rich set of assertions, they can never be
+complete, as it's impossible (nor a good idea) to anticipate all the scenarios
+a user might run into. Therefore, sometimes a user has to use `EXPECT_TRUE()`
+to check a complex expression, for lack of a better macro. This has the problem
+of not showing you the values of the parts of the expression, making it hard to
+understand what went wrong. As a workaround, some users choose to construct the
+failure message by themselves, streaming it into `EXPECT_TRUE()`. However, this
+is awkward especially when the expression has side-effects or is expensive to
+evaluate.
+
+Google Test gives you three different options to solve this problem:
+
+### Using an Existing Boolean Function ###
+
+If you already have a function or a functor that returns `bool` (or a type
+that can be implicitly converted to `bool`), you can use it in a _predicate
+assertion_ to get the function arguments printed for free:
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_PRED1(`_pred1, val1_`);`       | `EXPECT_PRED1(`_pred1, val1_`);` | _pred1(val1)_ returns true |
+| `ASSERT_PRED2(`_pred2, val1, val2_`);` | `EXPECT_PRED2(`_pred2, val1, val2_`);` |  _pred2(val1, val2)_ returns true |
+|  ...                | ...                    | ...          |
+
+In the above, _predn_ is an _n_-ary predicate function or functor, where
+_val1_, _val2_, ..., and _valn_ are its arguments. The assertion succeeds
+if the predicate returns `true` when applied to the given arguments, and fails
+otherwise. When the assertion fails, it prints the value of each argument. In
+either case, the arguments are evaluated exactly once.
+
+Here's an example. Given
+
+```
+// Returns true iff m and n have no common divisors except 1.
+bool MutuallyPrime(int m, int n) { ... }
+const int a = 3;
+const int b = 4;
+const int c = 10;
+```
+
+the assertion `EXPECT_PRED2(MutuallyPrime, a, b);` will succeed, while the
+assertion `EXPECT_PRED2(MutuallyPrime, b, c);` will fail with the message
+
+<pre>
+!MutuallyPrime(b, c) is false, where<br>
+b is 4<br>
+c is 10<br>
+</pre>
+
+**Notes:**
+
+  1. If you see a compiler error "no matching function to call" when using `ASSERT_PRED*` or `EXPECT_PRED*`, please see [this](V1_5_FAQ.md#the-compiler-complains-about-undefined-references-to-some-static-const-member-variables-but-i-did-define-them-in-the-class-body-whats-wrong) for how to resolve it.
+  1. Currently we only provide predicate assertions of arity <= 5. If you need a higher-arity assertion, let us know.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac
+
+### Using a Function That Returns an AssertionResult ###
+
+While `EXPECT_PRED*()` and friends are handy for a quick job, the
+syntax is not satisfactory: you have to use different macros for
+different arities, and it feels more like Lisp than C++.  The
+`::testing::AssertionResult` class solves this problem.
+
+An `AssertionResult` object represents the result of an assertion
+(whether it's a success or a failure, and an associated message).  You
+can create an `AssertionResult` using one of these factory
+functions:
+
+```
+namespace testing {
+
+// Returns an AssertionResult object to indicate that an assertion has
+// succeeded.
+AssertionResult AssertionSuccess();
+
+// Returns an AssertionResult object to indicate that an assertion has
+// failed.
+AssertionResult AssertionFailure();
+
+}
+```
+
+You can then use the `<<` operator to stream messages to the
+`AssertionResult` object.
+
+To provide more readable messages in Boolean assertions
+(e.g. `EXPECT_TRUE()`), write a predicate function that returns
+`AssertionResult` instead of `bool`. For example, if you define
+`IsEven()` as:
+
+```
+::testing::AssertionResult IsEven(int n) {
+  if ((n % 2) == 0)
+    return ::testing::AssertionSuccess();
+  else
+    return ::testing::AssertionFailure() << n << " is odd";
+}
+```
+
+instead of:
+
+```
+bool IsEven(int n) {
+  return (n % 2) == 0;
+}
+```
+
+the failed assertion `EXPECT_TRUE(IsEven(Fib(4)))` will print:
+
+<pre>
+Value of: !IsEven(Fib(4))<br>
+Actual: false (*3 is odd*)<br>
+Expected: true<br>
+</pre>
+
+instead of a more opaque
+
+<pre>
+Value of: !IsEven(Fib(4))<br>
+Actual: false<br>
+Expected: true<br>
+</pre>
+
+If you want informative messages in `EXPECT_FALSE` and `ASSERT_FALSE`
+as well, and are fine with making the predicate slower in the success
+case, you can supply a success message:
+
+```
+::testing::AssertionResult IsEven(int n) {
+  if ((n % 2) == 0)
+    return ::testing::AssertionSuccess() << n << " is even";
+  else
+    return ::testing::AssertionFailure() << n << " is odd";
+}
+```
+
+Then the statement `EXPECT_FALSE(IsEven(Fib(6)))` will print
+
+<pre>
+Value of: !IsEven(Fib(6))<br>
+Actual: true (8 is even)<br>
+Expected: false<br>
+</pre>
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac; since version 1.4.1.
+
+### Using a Predicate-Formatter ###
+
+If you find the default message generated by `(ASSERT|EXPECT)_PRED*` and
+`(ASSERT|EXPECT)_(TRUE|FALSE)` unsatisfactory, or some arguments to your
+predicate do not support streaming to `ostream`, you can instead use the
+following _predicate-formatter assertions_ to _fully_ customize how the
+message is formatted:
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(`_pred\_format1, val1_`);`        | `EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(`_pred\_format1, val1_`); | _pred\_format1(val1)_ is successful |
+| `ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(`_pred\_format2, val1, val2_`);` | `EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(`_pred\_format2, val1, val2_`);` | _pred\_format2(val1, val2)_ is successful |
+| `...`               | `...`                  | `...`        |
+
+The difference between this and the previous two groups of macros is that instead of
+a predicate, `(ASSERT|EXPECT)_PRED_FORMAT*` take a _predicate-formatter_
+(_pred\_formatn_), which is a function or functor with the signature:
+
+`::testing::AssertionResult PredicateFormattern(const char* `_expr1_`, const char* `_expr2_`, ... const char* `_exprn_`, T1 `_val1_`, T2 `_val2_`, ... Tn `_valn_`);`
+
+where _val1_, _val2_, ..., and _valn_ are the values of the predicate
+arguments, and _expr1_, _expr2_, ..., and _exprn_ are the corresponding
+expressions as they appear in the source code. The types `T1`, `T2`, ..., and
+`Tn` can be either value types or reference types. For example, if an
+argument has type `Foo`, you can declare it as either `Foo` or `const Foo&`,
+whichever is appropriate.
+
+A predicate-formatter returns a `::testing::AssertionResult` object to indicate
+whether the assertion has succeeded or not. The only way to create such an
+object is to call one of these factory functions:
+
+As an example, let's improve the failure message in the previous example, which uses `EXPECT_PRED2()`:
+
+```
+// Returns the smallest prime common divisor of m and n,
+// or 1 when m and n are mutually prime.
+int SmallestPrimeCommonDivisor(int m, int n) { ... }
+
+// A predicate-formatter for asserting that two integers are mutually prime.
+::testing::AssertionResult AssertMutuallyPrime(const char* m_expr,
+                                               const char* n_expr,
+                                               int m,
+                                               int n) {
+  if (MutuallyPrime(m, n))
+    return ::testing::AssertionSuccess();
+
+  return ::testing::AssertionFailure()
+      << m_expr << " and " << n_expr << " (" << m << " and " << n
+      << ") are not mutually prime, " << "as they have a common divisor "
+      << SmallestPrimeCommonDivisor(m, n);
+}
+```
+
+With this predicate-formatter, we can use
+
+```
+EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(AssertMutuallyPrime, b, c);
+```
+
+to generate the message
+
+<pre>
+b and c (4 and 10) are not mutually prime, as they have a common divisor 2.<br>
+</pre>
+
+As you may have realized, many of the assertions we introduced earlier are
+special cases of `(EXPECT|ASSERT)_PRED_FORMAT*`. In fact, most of them are
+indeed defined using `(EXPECT|ASSERT)_PRED_FORMAT*`.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+
+## Floating-Point Comparison ##
+
+Comparing floating-point numbers is tricky. Due to round-off errors, it is
+very unlikely that two floating-points will match exactly. Therefore,
+`ASSERT_EQ` 's naive comparison usually doesn't work. And since floating-points
+can have a wide value range, no single fixed error bound works. It's better to
+compare by a fixed relative error bound, except for values close to 0 due to
+the loss of precision there.
+
+In general, for floating-point comparison to make sense, the user needs to
+carefully choose the error bound. If they don't want or care to, comparing in
+terms of Units in the Last Place (ULPs) is a good default, and Google Test
+provides assertions to do this. Full details about ULPs are quite long; if you
+want to learn more, see
+[this article on float comparison](http://www.cygnus-software.com/papers/comparingfloats/comparingfloats.htm).
+
+### Floating-Point Macros ###
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(`_expected, actual_`);`  | `EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(`_expected, actual_`);` | the two `float` values are almost equal |
+| `ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(`_expected, actual_`);` | `EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(`_expected, actual_`);` | the two `double` values are almost equal |
+
+By "almost equal", we mean the two values are within 4 ULP's from each
+other.
+
+The following assertions allow you to choose the acceptable error bound:
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_NEAR(`_val1, val2, abs\_error_`);` | `EXPECT_NEAR`_(val1, val2, abs\_error_`);` | the difference between _val1_ and _val2_ doesn't exceed the given absolute error |
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Floating-Point Predicate-Format Functions ###
+
+Some floating-point operations are useful, but not that often used. In order
+to avoid an explosion of new macros, we provide them as predicate-format
+functions that can be used in predicate assertion macros (e.g.
+`EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2`, etc).
+
+```
+EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::FloatLE, val1, val2);
+EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::DoubleLE, val1, val2);
+```
+
+Verifies that _val1_ is less than, or almost equal to, _val2_. You can
+replace `EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2` in the above table with `ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2`.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## Windows HRESULT assertions ##
+
+These assertions test for `HRESULT` success or failure.
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(`_expression_`);` | `EXPECT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(`_expression_`);` | _expression_ is a success `HRESULT` |
+| `ASSERT_HRESULT_FAILED(`_expression_`);`    | `EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED(`_expression_`);`    | _expression_ is a failure `HRESULT` |
+
+The generated output contains the human-readable error message
+associated with the `HRESULT` code returned by _expression_.
+
+You might use them like this:
+
+```
+CComPtr shell;
+ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(shell.CoCreateInstance(L"Shell.Application"));
+CComVariant empty;
+ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(shell->ShellExecute(CComBSTR(url), empty, empty, empty, empty));
+```
+
+_Availability_: Windows.
+
+## Type Assertions ##
+
+You can call the function
+```
+::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<T1, T2>();
+```
+to assert that types `T1` and `T2` are the same.  The function does
+nothing if the assertion is satisfied.  If the types are different,
+the function call will fail to compile, and the compiler error message
+will likely (depending on the compiler) show you the actual values of
+`T1` and `T2`.  This is mainly useful inside template code.
+
+_Caveat:_ When used inside a member function of a class template or a
+function template, `StaticAssertTypeEq<T1, T2>()` is effective _only if_
+the function is instantiated.  For example, given:
+```
+template <typename T> class Foo {
+ public:
+  void Bar() { ::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<int, T>(); }
+};
+```
+the code:
+```
+void Test1() { Foo<bool> foo; }
+```
+will _not_ generate a compiler error, as `Foo<bool>::Bar()` is never
+actually instantiated.  Instead, you need:
+```
+void Test2() { Foo<bool> foo; foo.Bar(); }
+```
+to cause a compiler error.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac; since version 1.3.0.
+
+## Assertion Placement ##
+
+You can use assertions in any C++ function. In particular, it doesn't
+have to be a method of the test fixture class. The one constraint is
+that assertions that generate a fatal failure (`FAIL*` and `ASSERT_*`)
+can only be used in void-returning functions. This is a consequence of
+Google Test not using exceptions. By placing it in a non-void function
+you'll get a confusing compile error like
+`"error: void value not ignored as it ought to be"`.
+
+If you need to use assertions in a function that returns non-void, one option
+is to make the function return the value in an out parameter instead. For
+example, you can rewrite `T2 Foo(T1 x)` to `void Foo(T1 x, T2* result)`. You
+need to make sure that `*result` contains some sensible value even when the
+function returns prematurely. As the function now returns `void`, you can use
+any assertion inside of it.
+
+If changing the function's type is not an option, you should just use
+assertions that generate non-fatal failures, such as `ADD_FAILURE*` and
+`EXPECT_*`.
+
+_Note_: Constructors and destructors are not considered void-returning
+functions, according to the C++ language specification, and so you may not use
+fatal assertions in them. You'll get a compilation error if you try. A simple
+workaround is to transfer the entire body of the constructor or destructor to a
+private void-returning method. However, you should be aware that a fatal
+assertion failure in a constructor does not terminate the current test, as your
+intuition might suggest; it merely returns from the constructor early, possibly
+leaving your object in a partially-constructed state. Likewise, a fatal
+assertion failure in a destructor may leave your object in a
+partially-destructed state. Use assertions carefully in these situations!
+
+# Death Tests #
+
+In many applications, there are assertions that can cause application failure
+if a condition is not met. These sanity checks, which ensure that the program
+is in a known good state, are there to fail at the earliest possible time after
+some program state is corrupted. If the assertion checks the wrong condition,
+then the program may proceed in an erroneous state, which could lead to memory
+corruption, security holes, or worse. Hence it is vitally important to test
+that such assertion statements work as expected.
+
+Since these precondition checks cause the processes to die, we call such tests
+_death tests_. More generally, any test that checks that a program terminates
+in an expected fashion is also a death test.
+
+If you want to test `EXPECT_*()/ASSERT_*()` failures in your test code, see [Catching Failures](#catching-failures).
+
+## How to Write a Death Test ##
+
+Google Test has the following macros to support death tests:
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_DEATH(`_statement, regex_`); | `EXPECT_DEATH(`_statement, regex_`); | _statement_ crashes with the given error |
+| `ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(`_statement, regex_`); | `EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(`_statement, regex_`); | if death tests are supported, verifies that _statement_ crashes with the given error; otherwise verifies nothing |
+| `ASSERT_EXIT(`_statement, predicate, regex_`); | `EXPECT_EXIT(`_statement, predicate, regex_`); |_statement_ exits with the given error and its exit code matches _predicate_ |
+
+where _statement_ is a statement that is expected to cause the process to
+die, _predicate_ is a function or function object that evaluates an integer
+exit status, and _regex_ is a regular expression that the stderr output of
+_statement_ is expected to match. Note that _statement_ can be _any valid
+statement_ (including _compound statement_) and doesn't have to be an
+expression.
+
+As usual, the `ASSERT` variants abort the current test function, while the
+`EXPECT` variants do not.
+
+**Note:** We use the word "crash" here to mean that the process
+terminates with a _non-zero_ exit status code.  There are two
+possibilities: either the process has called `exit()` or `_exit()`
+with a non-zero value, or it may be killed by a signal.
+
+This means that if _statement_ terminates the process with a 0 exit
+code, it is _not_ considered a crash by `EXPECT_DEATH`.  Use
+`EXPECT_EXIT` instead if this is the case, or if you want to restrict
+the exit code more precisely.
+
+A predicate here must accept an `int` and return a `bool`. The death test
+succeeds only if the predicate returns `true`. Google Test defines a few
+predicates that handle the most common cases:
+
+```
+::testing::ExitedWithCode(exit_code)
+```
+
+This expression is `true` if the program exited normally with the given exit
+code.
+
+```
+::testing::KilledBySignal(signal_number)  // Not available on Windows.
+```
+
+This expression is `true` if the program was killed by the given signal.
+
+The `*_DEATH` macros are convenient wrappers for `*_EXIT` that use a predicate
+that verifies the process' exit code is non-zero.
+
+Note that a death test only cares about three things:
+
+  1. does _statement_ abort or exit the process?
+  1. (in the case of `ASSERT_EXIT` and `EXPECT_EXIT`) does the exit status satisfy _predicate_?  Or (in the case of `ASSERT_DEATH` and `EXPECT_DEATH`) is the exit status non-zero?  And
+  1. does the stderr output match _regex_?
+
+In particular, if _statement_ generates an `ASSERT_*` or `EXPECT_*` failure, it will **not** cause the death test to fail, as Google Test assertions don't abort the process.
+
+To write a death test, simply use one of the above macros inside your test
+function. For example,
+
+```
+TEST(My*DeathTest*, Foo) {
+  // This death test uses a compound statement.
+  ASSERT_DEATH({ int n = 5; Foo(&n); }, "Error on line .* of Foo()");
+}
+TEST(MyDeathTest, NormalExit) {
+  EXPECT_EXIT(NormalExit(), ::testing::ExitedWithCode(0), "Success");
+}
+TEST(MyDeathTest, KillMyself) {
+  EXPECT_EXIT(KillMyself(), ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGKILL), "Sending myself unblockable signal");
+}
+```
+
+verifies that:
+
+  * calling `Foo(5)` causes the process to die with the given error message,
+  * calling `NormalExit()` causes the process to print `"Success"` to stderr and exit with exit code 0, and
+  * calling `KillMyself()` kills the process with signal `SIGKILL`.
+
+The test function body may contain other assertions and statements as well, if
+necessary.
+
+_Important:_ We strongly recommend you to follow the convention of naming your
+test case (not test) `*DeathTest` when it contains a death test, as
+demonstrated in the above example. The `Death Tests And Threads` section below
+explains why.
+
+If a test fixture class is shared by normal tests and death tests, you
+can use typedef to introduce an alias for the fixture class and avoid
+duplicating its code:
+```
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test { ... };
+
+typedef FooTest FooDeathTest;
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, DoesThis) {
+  // normal test
+}
+
+TEST_F(FooDeathTest, DoesThat) {
+  // death test
+}
+```
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows (requires MSVC 8.0 or above), Cygwin, and Mac (the latter three are supported since v1.3.0).  `(ASSERT|EXPECT)_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED` are new in v1.4.0.
+
+## Regular Expression Syntax ##
+
+On POSIX systems (e.g. Linux, Cygwin, and Mac), Google Test uses the
+[POSIX extended regular expression](http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/xbd_chap09.html#tag_09_04)
+syntax in death tests. To learn about this syntax, you may want to read this [Wikipedia entry](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression#POSIX_Extended_Regular_Expressions).
+
+On Windows, Google Test uses its own simple regular expression
+implementation. It lacks many features you can find in POSIX extended
+regular expressions.  For example, we don't support union (`"x|y"`),
+grouping (`"(xy)"`), brackets (`"[xy]"`), and repetition count
+(`"x{5,7}"`), among others. Below is what we do support (`A` denotes a
+literal character, period (`.`), or a single `\\` escape sequence; `x`
+and `y` denote regular expressions.):
+
+| `c` | matches any literal character `c` |
+|:----|:----------------------------------|
+| `\\d` | matches any decimal digit         |
+| `\\D` | matches any character that's not a decimal digit |
+| `\\f` | matches `\f`                      |
+| `\\n` | matches `\n`                      |
+| `\\r` | matches `\r`                      |
+| `\\s` | matches any ASCII whitespace, including `\n` |
+| `\\S` | matches any character that's not a whitespace |
+| `\\t` | matches `\t`                      |
+| `\\v` | matches `\v`                      |
+| `\\w` | matches any letter, `_`, or decimal digit |
+| `\\W` | matches any character that `\\w` doesn't match |
+| `\\c` | matches any literal character `c`, which must be a punctuation |
+| `.` | matches any single character except `\n` |
+| `A?` | matches 0 or 1 occurrences of `A` |
+| `A*` | matches 0 or many occurrences of `A` |
+| `A+` | matches 1 or many occurrences of `A` |
+| `^` | matches the beginning of a string (not that of each line) |
+| `$` | matches the end of a string (not that of each line) |
+| `xy` | matches `x` followed by `y`       |
+
+To help you determine which capability is available on your system,
+Google Test defines macro `GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE=1` when it uses POSIX
+extended regular expressions, or `GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE=1` when it uses
+the simple version.  If you want your death tests to work in both
+cases, you can either `#if` on these macros or use the more limited
+syntax only.
+
+## How It Works ##
+
+Under the hood, `ASSERT_EXIT()` spawns a new process and executes the
+death test statement in that process. The details of of how precisely
+that happens depend on the platform and the variable
+`::testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style)` (which is initialized from the
+command-line flag `--gtest_death_test_style`).
+
+  * On POSIX systems, `fork()` (or `clone()` on Linux) is used to spawn the child, after which:
+    * If the variable's value is `"fast"`, the death test statement is immediately executed.
+    * If the variable's value is `"threadsafe"`, the child process re-executes the unit test binary just as it was originally invoked, but with some extra flags to cause just the single death test under consideration to be run.
+  * On Windows, the child is spawned using the `CreateProcess()` API, and re-executes the binary to cause just the single death test under consideration to be run - much like the `threadsafe` mode on POSIX.
+
+Other values for the variable are illegal and will cause the death test to
+fail. Currently, the flag's default value is `"fast"`. However, we reserve the
+right to change it in the future. Therefore, your tests should not depend on
+this.
+
+In either case, the parent process waits for the child process to complete, and checks that
+
+  1. the child's exit status satisfies the predicate, and
+  1. the child's stderr matches the regular expression.
+
+If the death test statement runs to completion without dying, the child
+process will nonetheless terminate, and the assertion fails.
+
+## Death Tests And Threads ##
+
+The reason for the two death test styles has to do with thread safety. Due to
+well-known problems with forking in the presence of threads, death tests should
+be run in a single-threaded context. Sometimes, however, it isn't feasible to
+arrange that kind of environment. For example, statically-initialized modules
+may start threads before main is ever reached. Once threads have been created,
+it may be difficult or impossible to clean them up.
+
+Google Test has three features intended to raise awareness of threading issues.
+
+  1. A warning is emitted if multiple threads are running when a death test is encountered.
+  1. Test cases with a name ending in "DeathTest" are run before all other tests.
+  1. It uses `clone()` instead of `fork()` to spawn the child process on Linux (`clone()` is not available on Cygwin and Mac), as `fork()` is more likely to cause the child to hang when the parent process has multiple threads.
+
+It's perfectly fine to create threads inside a death test statement; they are
+executed in a separate process and cannot affect the parent.
+
+## Death Test Styles ##
+
+The "threadsafe" death test style was introduced in order to help mitigate the
+risks of testing in a possibly multithreaded environment. It trades increased
+test execution time (potentially dramatically so) for improved thread safety.
+We suggest using the faster, default "fast" style unless your test has specific
+problems with it.
+
+You can choose a particular style of death tests by setting the flag
+programmatically:
+
+```
+::testing::FLAGS_gtest_death_test_style = "threadsafe";
+```
+
+You can do this in `main()` to set the style for all death tests in the
+binary, or in individual tests. Recall that flags are saved before running each
+test and restored afterwards, so you need not do that yourself. For example:
+
+```
+TEST(MyDeathTest, TestOne) {
+  ::testing::FLAGS_gtest_death_test_style = "threadsafe";
+  // This test is run in the "threadsafe" style:
+  ASSERT_DEATH(ThisShouldDie(), "");
+}
+
+TEST(MyDeathTest, TestTwo) {
+  // This test is run in the "fast" style:
+  ASSERT_DEATH(ThisShouldDie(), "");
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  ::testing::FLAGS_gtest_death_test_style = "fast";
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
+```
+
+## Caveats ##
+
+The _statement_ argument of `ASSERT_EXIT()` can be any valid C++ statement
+except that it can not return from the current function. This means
+_statement_ should not contain `return` or a macro that might return (e.g.
+`ASSERT_TRUE()` ). If _statement_ returns before it crashes, Google Test will
+print an error message, and the test will fail.
+
+Since _statement_ runs in the child process, any in-memory side effect (e.g.
+modifying a variable, releasing memory, etc) it causes will _not_ be observable
+in the parent process. In particular, if you release memory in a death test,
+your program will fail the heap check as the parent process will never see the
+memory reclaimed. To solve this problem, you can
+
+  1. try not to free memory in a death test;
+  1. free the memory again in the parent process; or
+  1. do not use the heap checker in your program.
+
+Due to an implementation detail, you cannot place multiple death test
+assertions on the same line; otherwise, compilation will fail with an unobvious
+error message.
+
+Despite the improved thread safety afforded by the "threadsafe" style of death
+test, thread problems such as deadlock are still possible in the presence of
+handlers registered with `pthread_atfork(3)`.
+
+# Using Assertions in Sub-routines #
+
+## Adding Traces to Assertions ##
+
+If a test sub-routine is called from several places, when an assertion
+inside it fails, it can be hard to tell which invocation of the
+sub-routine the failure is from.  You can alleviate this problem using
+extra logging or custom failure messages, but that usually clutters up
+your tests. A better solution is to use the `SCOPED_TRACE` macro:
+
+| `SCOPED_TRACE(`_message_`);` |
+|:-----------------------------|
+
+where _message_ can be anything streamable to `std::ostream`. This
+macro will cause the current file name, line number, and the given
+message to be added in every failure message. The effect will be
+undone when the control leaves the current lexical scope.
+
+For example,
+
+```
+10: void Sub1(int n) {
+11:   EXPECT_EQ(1, Bar(n));
+12:   EXPECT_EQ(2, Bar(n + 1));
+13: }
+14:
+15: TEST(FooTest, Bar) {
+16:   {
+17:     SCOPED_TRACE("A");  // This trace point will be included in
+18:                         // every failure in this scope.
+19:     Sub1(1);
+20:   }
+21:   // Now it won't.
+22:   Sub1(9);
+23: }
+```
+
+could result in messages like these:
+
+```
+path/to/foo_test.cc:11: Failure
+Value of: Bar(n)
+Expected: 1
+  Actual: 2
+   Trace:
+path/to/foo_test.cc:17: A
+
+path/to/foo_test.cc:12: Failure
+Value of: Bar(n + 1)
+Expected: 2
+  Actual: 3
+```
+
+Without the trace, it would've been difficult to know which invocation
+of `Sub1()` the two failures come from respectively. (You could add an
+extra message to each assertion in `Sub1()` to indicate the value of
+`n`, but that's tedious.)
+
+Some tips on using `SCOPED_TRACE`:
+
+  1. With a suitable message, it's often enough to use `SCOPED_TRACE` at the beginning of a sub-routine, instead of at each call site.
+  1. When calling sub-routines inside a loop, make the loop iterator part of the message in `SCOPED_TRACE` such that you can know which iteration the failure is from.
+  1. Sometimes the line number of the trace point is enough for identifying the particular invocation of a sub-routine. In this case, you don't have to choose a unique message for `SCOPED_TRACE`. You can simply use `""`.
+  1. You can use `SCOPED_TRACE` in an inner scope when there is one in the outer scope. In this case, all active trace points will be included in the failure messages, in reverse order they are encountered.
+  1. The trace dump is clickable in Emacs' compilation buffer - hit return on a line number and you'll be taken to that line in the source file!
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## Propagating Fatal Failures ##
+
+A common pitfall when using `ASSERT_*` and `FAIL*` is not understanding that
+when they fail they only abort the _current function_, not the entire test. For
+example, the following test will segfault:
+```
+void Subroutine() {
+  // Generates a fatal failure and aborts the current function.
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, 2);
+  // The following won't be executed.
+  ...
+}
+
+TEST(FooTest, Bar) {
+  Subroutine();
+  // The intended behavior is for the fatal failure
+  // in Subroutine() to abort the entire test.
+  // The actual behavior: the function goes on after Subroutine() returns.
+  int* p = NULL;
+  *p = 3; // Segfault!
+}
+```
+
+Since we don't use exceptions, it is technically impossible to
+implement the intended behavior here.  To alleviate this, Google Test
+provides two solutions.  You could use either the
+`(ASSERT|EXPECT)_NO_FATAL_FAILURE` assertions or the
+`HasFatalFailure()` function.  They are described in the following two
+subsections.
+
+
+
+### Asserting on Subroutines ###
+
+As shown above, if your test calls a subroutine that has an `ASSERT_*`
+failure in it, the test will continue after the subroutine
+returns. This may not be what you want.
+
+Often people want fatal failures to propagate like exceptions.  For
+that Google Test offers the following macros:
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(`_statement_`);` | `EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(`_statement_`);` | _statement_ doesn't generate any new fatal failures in the current thread. |
+
+Only failures in the thread that executes the assertion are checked to
+determine the result of this type of assertions.  If _statement_
+creates new threads, failures in these threads are ignored.
+
+Examples:
+
+```
+ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Foo());
+
+int i;
+EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE({
+  i = Bar();
+});
+```
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac. Assertions from multiple threads
+are currently not supported.
+
+### Checking for Failures in the Current Test ###
+
+`HasFatalFailure()` in the `::testing::Test` class returns `true` if an
+assertion in the current test has suffered a fatal failure. This
+allows functions to catch fatal failures in a sub-routine and return
+early.
+
+```
+class Test {
+ public:
+  ...
+  static bool HasFatalFailure();
+};
+```
+
+The typical usage, which basically simulates the behavior of a thrown
+exception, is:
+
+```
+TEST(FooTest, Bar) {
+  Subroutine();
+  // Aborts if Subroutine() had a fatal failure.
+  if (HasFatalFailure())
+    return;
+  // The following won't be executed.
+  ...
+}
+```
+
+If `HasFatalFailure()` is used outside of `TEST()` , `TEST_F()` , or a test
+fixture, you must add the `::testing::Test::` prefix, as in:
+
+```
+if (::testing::Test::HasFatalFailure())
+  return;
+```
+
+Similarly, `HasNonfatalFailure()` returns `true` if the current test
+has at least one non-fatal failure, and `HasFailure()` returns `true`
+if the current test has at least one failure of either kind.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.  `HasNonfatalFailure()` and
+`HasFailure()` are available since version 1.4.0.
+
+# Logging Additional Information #
+
+In your test code, you can call `RecordProperty("key", value)` to log
+additional information, where `value` can be either a C string or a 32-bit
+integer. The _last_ value recorded for a key will be emitted to the XML output
+if you specify one. For example, the test
+
+```
+TEST_F(WidgetUsageTest, MinAndMaxWidgets) {
+  RecordProperty("MaximumWidgets", ComputeMaxUsage());
+  RecordProperty("MinimumWidgets", ComputeMinUsage());
+}
+```
+
+will output XML like this:
+
+```
+...
+  <testcase name="MinAndMaxWidgets" status="run" time="6" classname="WidgetUsageTest"
+            MaximumWidgets="12"
+            MinimumWidgets="9" />
+...
+```
+
+_Note_:
+  * `RecordProperty()` is a static member of the `Test` class. Therefore it needs to be prefixed with `::testing::Test::` if used outside of the `TEST` body and the test fixture class.
+  * `key` must be a valid XML attribute name, and cannot conflict with the ones already used by Google Test (`name`, `status`,     `time`, and `classname`).
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+# Sharing Resources Between Tests in the Same Test Case #
+
+
+
+Google Test creates a new test fixture object for each test in order to make
+tests independent and easier to debug. However, sometimes tests use resources
+that are expensive to set up, making the one-copy-per-test model prohibitively
+expensive.
+
+If the tests don't change the resource, there's no harm in them sharing a
+single resource copy. So, in addition to per-test set-up/tear-down, Google Test
+also supports per-test-case set-up/tear-down. To use it:
+
+  1. In your test fixture class (say `FooTest` ), define as `static` some member variables to hold the shared resources.
+  1. In the same test fixture class, define a `static void SetUpTestCase()` function (remember not to spell it as **`SetupTestCase`** with a small `u`!) to set up the shared resources and a `static void TearDownTestCase()` function to tear them down.
+
+That's it! Google Test automatically calls `SetUpTestCase()` before running the
+_first test_ in the `FooTest` test case (i.e. before creating the first
+`FooTest` object), and calls `TearDownTestCase()` after running the _last test_
+in it (i.e. after deleting the last `FooTest` object). In between, the tests
+can use the shared resources.
+
+Remember that the test order is undefined, so your code can't depend on a test
+preceding or following another. Also, the tests must either not modify the
+state of any shared resource, or, if they do modify the state, they must
+restore the state to its original value before passing control to the next
+test.
+
+Here's an example of per-test-case set-up and tear-down:
+```
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  // Per-test-case set-up.
+  // Called before the first test in this test case.
+  // Can be omitted if not needed.
+  static void SetUpTestCase() {
+    shared_resource_ = new ...;
+  }
+
+  // Per-test-case tear-down.
+  // Called after the last test in this test case.
+  // Can be omitted if not needed.
+  static void TearDownTestCase() {
+    delete shared_resource_;
+    shared_resource_ = NULL;
+  }
+
+  // You can define per-test set-up and tear-down logic as usual.
+  virtual void SetUp() { ... }
+  virtual void TearDown() { ... }
+
+  // Some expensive resource shared by all tests.
+  static T* shared_resource_;
+};
+
+T* FooTest::shared_resource_ = NULL;
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Test1) {
+  ... you can refer to shared_resource here ...
+}
+TEST_F(FooTest, Test2) {
+  ... you can refer to shared_resource here ...
+}
+```
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+# Global Set-Up and Tear-Down #
+
+Just as you can do set-up and tear-down at the test level and the test case
+level, you can also do it at the test program level. Here's how.
+
+First, you subclass the `::testing::Environment` class to define a test
+environment, which knows how to set-up and tear-down:
+
+```
+class Environment {
+ public:
+  virtual ~Environment() {}
+  // Override this to define how to set up the environment.
+  virtual void SetUp() {}
+  // Override this to define how to tear down the environment.
+  virtual void TearDown() {}
+};
+```
+
+Then, you register an instance of your environment class with Google Test by
+calling the `::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment()` function:
+
+```
+Environment* AddGlobalTestEnvironment(Environment* env);
+```
+
+Now, when `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` is called, it first calls the `SetUp()` method of
+the environment object, then runs the tests if there was no fatal failures, and
+finally calls `TearDown()` of the environment object.
+
+It's OK to register multiple environment objects. In this case, their `SetUp()`
+will be called in the order they are registered, and their `TearDown()` will be
+called in the reverse order.
+
+Note that Google Test takes ownership of the registered environment objects.
+Therefore **do not delete them** by yourself.
+
+You should call `AddGlobalTestEnvironment()` before `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` is
+called, probably in `main()`. If you use `gtest_main`, you need to      call
+this before `main()` starts for it to take effect. One way to do this is to
+define a global variable like this:
+
+```
+::testing::Environment* const foo_env = ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new FooEnvironment);
+```
+
+However, we strongly recommend you to write your own `main()` and call
+`AddGlobalTestEnvironment()` there, as relying on initialization of global
+variables makes the code harder to read and may cause problems when you
+register multiple environments from different translation units and the
+environments have dependencies among them (remember that the compiler doesn't
+guarantee the order in which global variables from different translation units
+are initialized).
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+
+# Value Parameterized Tests #
+
+_Value-parameterized tests_ allow you to test your code with different
+parameters without writing multiple copies of the same test.
+
+Suppose you write a test for your code and then realize that your code is affected by a presence of a Boolean command line flag.
+
+```
+TEST(MyCodeTest, TestFoo) {
+  // A code to test foo().
+}
+```
+
+Usually people factor their test code into a function with a Boolean parameter in such situations. The function sets the flag, then executes the testing code.
+
+```
+void TestFooHelper(bool flag_value) {
+  flag = flag_value;
+  // A code to test foo().
+}
+
+TEST(MyCodeTest, TestFooo) {
+  TestFooHelper(false);
+  TestFooHelper(true);
+}
+```
+
+But this setup has serious drawbacks. First, when a test assertion fails in your tests, it becomes unclear what value of the parameter caused it to fail. You can stream a clarifying message into your `EXPECT`/`ASSERT` statements, but it you'll have to do it with all of them. Second, you have to add one such helper function per test. What if you have ten tests? Twenty? A hundred?
+
+Value-parameterized tests will let you write your test only once and then easily instantiate and run it with an arbitrary number of parameter values.
+
+Here are some other situations when value-parameterized tests come handy:
+
+  * You wan to test different implementations of an OO interface.
+  * You want to test your code over various inputs (a.k.a. data-driven testing). This feature is easy to abuse, so please exercise your good sense when doing it!
+
+## How to Write Value-Parameterized Tests ##
+
+To write value-parameterized tests, first you should define a fixture
+class. It must be derived from `::testing::TestWithParam<T>`, where `T`
+is the type of your parameter values. `TestWithParam<T>` is itself
+derived from `::testing::Test`. `T` can be any copyable type. If it's
+a raw pointer, you are responsible for managing the lifespan of the
+pointed values.
+
+```
+class FooTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<const char*> {
+  // You can implement all the usual fixture class members here.
+  // To access the test parameter, call GetParam() from class
+  // TestWithParam<T>.
+};
+```
+
+Then, use the `TEST_P` macro to define as many test patterns using
+this fixture as you want.  The `_P` suffix is for "parameterized" or
+"pattern", whichever you prefer to think.
+
+```
+TEST_P(FooTest, DoesBlah) {
+  // Inside a test, access the test parameter with the GetParam() method
+  // of the TestWithParam<T> class:
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo.Blah(GetParam()));
+  ...
+}
+
+TEST_P(FooTest, HasBlahBlah) {
+  ...
+}
+```
+
+Finally, you can use `INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P` to instantiate the test
+case with any set of parameters you want. Google Test defines a number of
+functions for generating test parameters. They return what we call
+(surprise!) _parameter generators_. Here is a summary of them,
+which are all in the `testing` namespace:
+
+| `Range(begin, end[, step])` | Yields values `{begin, begin+step, begin+step+step, ...}`. The values do not include `end`. `step` defaults to 1. |
+|:----------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `Values(v1, v2, ..., vN)`   | Yields values `{v1, v2, ..., vN}`.                                                                                |
+| `ValuesIn(container)` and `ValuesIn(begin, end)` | Yields values from a C-style array, an STL-style container, or an iterator range `[begin, end)`.                  |
+| `Bool()`                    | Yields sequence `{false, true}`.                                                                                  |
+| `Combine(g1, g2, ..., gN)`  | Yields all combinations (the Cartesian product for the math savvy) of the values generated by the `N` generators. This is only available if your system provides the `<tr1/tuple>` header. If you are sure your system does, and Google Test disagrees, you can override it by defining `GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE=1`. See comments in [include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h](../include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h) for more information. |
+
+For more details, see the comments at the definitions of these functions in the [source code](../include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h).
+
+The following statement will instantiate tests from the `FooTest` test case
+each with parameter values `"meeny"`, `"miny"`, and `"moe"`.
+
+```
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(InstantiationName,
+                        FooTest,
+                        ::testing::Values("meeny", "miny", "moe"));
+```
+
+To distinguish different instances of the pattern (yes, you can
+instantiate it more than once), the first argument to
+`INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P` is a prefix that will be added to the actual
+test case name. Remember to pick unique prefixes for different
+instantiations. The tests from the instantiation above will have these
+names:
+
+  * `InstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/0` for `"meeny"`
+  * `InstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/1` for `"miny"`
+  * `InstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/2` for `"moe"`
+  * `InstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/0` for `"meeny"`
+  * `InstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/1` for `"miny"`
+  * `InstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/2` for `"moe"`
+
+You can use these names in [--gtest\-filter](#running-a-subset-of-the-tests).
+
+This statement will instantiate all tests from `FooTest` again, each
+with parameter values `"cat"` and `"dog"`:
+
+```
+const char* pets[] = {"cat", "dog"};
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(AnotherInstantiationName, FooTest,
+                        ::testing::ValuesIn(pets));
+```
+
+The tests from the instantiation above will have these names:
+
+  * `AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/0` for `"cat"`
+  * `AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/1` for `"dog"`
+  * `AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/0` for `"cat"`
+  * `AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/1` for `"dog"`
+
+Please note that `INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P` will instantiate _all_
+tests in the given test case, whether their definitions come before or
+_after_ the `INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P` statement.
+
+You can see
+[these](../samples/sample7_unittest.cc)
+[files](../samples/sample8_unittest.cc) for more examples.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows (requires MSVC 8.0 or above), Mac; since version 1.2.0.
+
+## Creating Value-Parameterized Abstract Tests ##
+
+In the above, we define and instantiate `FooTest` in the same source
+file. Sometimes you may want to define value-parameterized tests in a
+library and let other people instantiate them later. This pattern is
+known as <i>abstract tests</i>. As an example of its application, when you
+are designing an interface you can write a standard suite of abstract
+tests (perhaps using a factory function as the test parameter) that
+all implementations of the interface are expected to pass. When
+someone implements the interface, he can instantiate your suite to get
+all the interface-conformance tests for free.
+
+To define abstract tests, you should organize your code like this:
+
+  1. Put the definition of the parameterized test fixture class (e.g. `FooTest`) in a header file, say `foo_param_test.h`. Think of this as _declaring_ your abstract tests.
+  1. Put the `TEST_P` definitions in `foo_param_test.cc`, which includes `foo_param_test.h`. Think of this as _implementing_ your abstract tests.
+
+Once they are defined, you can instantiate them by including
+`foo_param_test.h`, invoking `INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P()`, and linking
+with `foo_param_test.cc`. You can instantiate the same abstract test
+case multiple times, possibly in different source files.
+
+# Typed Tests #
+
+Suppose you have multiple implementations of the same interface and
+want to make sure that all of them satisfy some common requirements.
+Or, you may have defined several types that are supposed to conform to
+the same "concept" and you want to verify it.  In both cases, you want
+the same test logic repeated for different types.
+
+While you can write one `TEST` or `TEST_F` for each type you want to
+test (and you may even factor the test logic into a function template
+that you invoke from the `TEST`), it's tedious and doesn't scale:
+if you want _m_ tests over _n_ types, you'll end up writing _m\*n_
+`TEST`s.
+
+_Typed tests_ allow you to repeat the same test logic over a list of
+types.  You only need to write the test logic once, although you must
+know the type list when writing typed tests.  Here's how you do it:
+
+First, define a fixture class template.  It should be parameterized
+by a type.  Remember to derive it from `::testing::Test`:
+
+```
+template <typename T>
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ public:
+  ...
+  typedef std::list<T> List;
+  static T shared_;
+  T value_;
+};
+```
+
+Next, associate a list of types with the test case, which will be
+repeated for each type in the list:
+
+```
+typedef ::testing::Types<char, int, unsigned int> MyTypes;
+TYPED_TEST_CASE(FooTest, MyTypes);
+```
+
+The `typedef` is necessary for the `TYPED_TEST_CASE` macro to parse
+correctly.  Otherwise the compiler will think that each comma in the
+type list introduces a new macro argument.
+
+Then, use `TYPED_TEST()` instead of `TEST_F()` to define a typed test
+for this test case.  You can repeat this as many times as you want:
+
+```
+TYPED_TEST(FooTest, DoesBlah) {
+  // Inside a test, refer to the special name TypeParam to get the type
+  // parameter.  Since we are inside a derived class template, C++ requires
+  // us to visit the members of FooTest via 'this'.
+  TypeParam n = this->value_;
+
+  // To visit static members of the fixture, add the 'TestFixture::'
+  // prefix.
+  n += TestFixture::shared_;
+
+  // To refer to typedefs in the fixture, add the 'typename TestFixture::'
+  // prefix.  The 'typename' is required to satisfy the compiler.
+  typename TestFixture::List values;
+  values.push_back(n);
+  ...
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(FooTest, HasPropertyA) { ... }
+```
+
+You can see `samples/sample6_unittest.cc` for a complete example.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows (requires MSVC 8.0 or above), Mac;
+since version 1.1.0.
+
+# Type-Parameterized Tests #
+
+_Type-parameterized tests_ are like typed tests, except that they
+don't require you to know the list of types ahead of time.  Instead,
+you can define the test logic first and instantiate it with different
+type lists later.  You can even instantiate it more than once in the
+same program.
+
+If you are designing an interface or concept, you can define a suite
+of type-parameterized tests to verify properties that any valid
+implementation of the interface/concept should have.  Then, the author
+of each implementation can just instantiate the test suite with his
+type to verify that it conforms to the requirements, without having to
+write similar tests repeatedly.  Here's an example:
+
+First, define a fixture class template, as we did with typed tests:
+
+```
+template <typename T>
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+  ...
+};
+```
+
+Next, declare that you will define a type-parameterized test case:
+
+```
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(FooTest);
+```
+
+The `_P` suffix is for "parameterized" or "pattern", whichever you
+prefer to think.
+
+Then, use `TYPED_TEST_P()` to define a type-parameterized test.  You
+can repeat this as many times as you want:
+
+```
+TYPED_TEST_P(FooTest, DoesBlah) {
+  // Inside a test, refer to TypeParam to get the type parameter.
+  TypeParam n = 0;
+  ...
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(FooTest, HasPropertyA) { ... }
+```
+
+Now the tricky part: you need to register all test patterns using the
+`REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P` macro before you can instantiate them.
+The first argument of the macro is the test case name; the rest are
+the names of the tests in this test case:
+
+```
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(FooTest,
+                           DoesBlah, HasPropertyA);
+```
+
+Finally, you are free to instantiate the pattern with the types you
+want.  If you put the above code in a header file, you can `#include`
+it in multiple C++ source files and instantiate it multiple times.
+
+```
+typedef ::testing::Types<char, int, unsigned int> MyTypes;
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, FooTest, MyTypes);
+```
+
+To distinguish different instances of the pattern, the first argument
+to the `INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P` macro is a prefix that will be
+added to the actual test case name.  Remember to pick unique prefixes
+for different instances.
+
+In the special case where the type list contains only one type, you
+can write that type directly without `::testing::Types<...>`, like this:
+
+```
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, FooTest, int);
+```
+
+You can see `samples/sample6_unittest.cc` for a complete example.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows (requires MSVC 8.0 or above), Mac;
+since version 1.1.0.
+
+# Testing Private Code #
+
+If you change your software's internal implementation, your tests should not
+break as long as the change is not observable by users. Therefore, per the
+_black-box testing principle_, most of the time you should test your code
+through its public interfaces.
+
+If you still find yourself needing to test internal implementation code,
+consider if there's a better design that wouldn't require you to do so. If you
+absolutely have to test non-public interface code though, you can. There are
+two cases to consider:
+
+  * Static functions (_not_ the same as static member functions!) or unnamed namespaces, and
+  * Private or protected class members
+
+## Static Functions ##
+
+Both static functions and definitions/declarations in an unnamed namespace are
+only visible within the same translation unit. To test them, you can `#include`
+the entire `.cc` file being tested in your `*_test.cc` file. (`#include`ing `.cc`
+files is not a good way to reuse code - you should not do this in production
+code!)
+
+However, a better approach is to move the private code into the
+`foo::internal` namespace, where `foo` is the namespace your project normally
+uses, and put the private declarations in a `*-internal.h` file. Your
+production `.cc` files and your tests are allowed to include this internal
+header, but your clients are not. This way, you can fully test your internal
+implementation without leaking it to your clients.
+
+## Private Class Members ##
+
+Private class members are only accessible from within the class or by friends.
+To access a class' private members, you can declare your test fixture as a
+friend to the class and define accessors in your fixture. Tests using the
+fixture can then access the private members of your production class via the
+accessors in the fixture. Note that even though your fixture is a friend to
+your production class, your tests are not automatically friends to it, as they
+are technically defined in sub-classes of the fixture.
+
+Another way to test private members is to refactor them into an implementation
+class, which is then declared in a `*-internal.h` file. Your clients aren't
+allowed to include this header but your tests can. Such is called the Pimpl
+(Private Implementation) idiom.
+
+Or, you can declare an individual test as a friend of your class by adding this
+line in the class body:
+
+```
+FRIEND_TEST(TestCaseName, TestName);
+```
+
+For example,
+```
+// foo.h
+#include <gtest/gtest_prod.h>
+
+// Defines FRIEND_TEST.
+class Foo {
+  ...
+ private:
+  FRIEND_TEST(FooTest, BarReturnsZeroOnNull);
+  int Bar(void* x);
+};
+
+// foo_test.cc
+...
+TEST(FooTest, BarReturnsZeroOnNull) {
+  Foo foo;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, foo.Bar(NULL));
+  // Uses Foo's private member Bar().
+}
+```
+
+Pay special attention when your class is defined in a namespace, as you should
+define your test fixtures and tests in the same namespace if you want them to
+be friends of your class. For example, if the code to be tested looks like:
+
+```
+namespace my_namespace {
+
+class Foo {
+  friend class FooTest;
+  FRIEND_TEST(FooTest, Bar);
+  FRIEND_TEST(FooTest, Baz);
+  ...
+  definition of the class Foo
+  ...
+};
+
+}  // namespace my_namespace
+```
+
+Your test code should be something like:
+
+```
+namespace my_namespace {
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  ...
+};
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Bar) { ... }
+TEST_F(FooTest, Baz) { ... }
+
+}  // namespace my_namespace
+```
+
+# Catching Failures #
+
+If you are building a testing utility on top of Google Test, you'll
+want to test your utility.  What framework would you use to test it?
+Google Test, of course.
+
+The challenge is to verify that your testing utility reports failures
+correctly.  In frameworks that report a failure by throwing an
+exception, you could catch the exception and assert on it.  But Google
+Test doesn't use exceptions, so how do we test that a piece of code
+generates an expected failure?
+
+`<gtest/gtest-spi.h>` contains some constructs to do this.  After
+`#include`ing this header, you can use
+
+| `EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(`_statement, substring_`);` |
+|:--------------------------------------------------|
+
+to assert that _statement_ generates a fatal (e.g. `ASSERT_*`) failure
+whose message contains the given _substring_, or use
+
+| `EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(`_statement, substring_`);` |
+|:-----------------------------------------------------|
+
+if you are expecting a non-fatal (e.g. `EXPECT_*`) failure.
+
+For technical reasons, there are some caveats:
+
+  1. You cannot stream a failure message to either macro.
+  1. _statement_ in `EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE()` cannot reference local non-static variables or non-static members of `this` object.
+  1. _statement_ in `EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE()` cannot return a value.
+
+_Note:_ Google Test is designed with threads in mind.  Once the
+synchronization primitives in `<gtest/internal/gtest-port.h>` have
+been implemented, Google Test will become thread-safe, meaning that
+you can then use assertions in multiple threads concurrently.  Before
+
+that, however, Google Test only supports single-threaded usage.  Once
+thread-safe, `EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE()` and `EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE()`
+will capture failures in the current thread only. If _statement_
+creates new threads, failures in these threads will be ignored.  If
+you want to capture failures from all threads instead, you should use
+the following macros:
+
+| `EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(`_statement, substring_`);` |
+|:-----------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(`_statement, substring_`);` |
+
+# Getting the Current Test's Name #
+
+Sometimes a function may need to know the name of the currently running test.
+For example, you may be using the `SetUp()` method of your test fixture to set
+the golden file name based on which test is running. The `::testing::TestInfo`
+class has this information:
+
+```
+namespace testing {
+
+class TestInfo {
+ public:
+  // Returns the test case name and the test name, respectively.
+  //
+  // Do NOT delete or free the return value - it's managed by the
+  // TestInfo class.
+  const char* test_case_name() const;
+  const char* name() const;
+};
+
+}  // namespace testing
+```
+
+
+> To obtain a `TestInfo` object for the currently running test, call
+`current_test_info()` on the `UnitTest` singleton object:
+
+```
+// Gets information about the currently running test.
+// Do NOT delete the returned object - it's managed by the UnitTest class.
+const ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info =
+  ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+printf("We are in test %s of test case %s.\n",
+       test_info->name(), test_info->test_case_name());
+```
+
+`current_test_info()` returns a null pointer if no test is running. In
+particular, you cannot find the test case name in `TestCaseSetUp()`,
+`TestCaseTearDown()` (where you know the test case name implicitly), or
+functions called from them.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+# Extending Google Test by Handling Test Events #
+
+Google Test provides an <b>event listener API</b> to let you receive
+notifications about the progress of a test program and test
+failures. The events you can listen to include the start and end of
+the test program, a test case, or a test method, among others. You may
+use this API to augment or replace the standard console output,
+replace the XML output, or provide a completely different form of
+output, such as a GUI or a database. You can also use test events as
+checkpoints to implement a resource leak checker, for example.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac; since v1.4.0.
+
+## Defining Event Listeners ##
+
+To define a event listener, you subclass either
+[testing::TestEventListener](../include/gtest/gtest.h#L855)
+or [testing::EmptyTestEventListener](../include/gtest/gtest.h#L905).
+The former is an (abstract) interface, where <i>each pure virtual method<br>
+can be overridden to handle a test event</i> (For example, when a test
+starts, the `OnTestStart()` method will be called.). The latter provides
+an empty implementation of all methods in the interface, such that a
+subclass only needs to override the methods it cares about.
+
+When an event is fired, its context is passed to the handler function
+as an argument. The following argument types are used:
+  * [UnitTest](../include/gtest/gtest.h#L1007) reflects the state of the entire test program,
+  * [TestCase](../include/gtest/gtest.h#L689) has information about a test case, which can contain one or more tests,
+  * [TestInfo](../include/gtest/gtest.h#L599) contains the state of a test, and
+  * [TestPartResult](../include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h#L42) represents the result of a test assertion.
+
+An event handler function can examine the argument it receives to find
+out interesting information about the event and the test program's
+state.  Here's an example:
+
+```
+  class MinimalistPrinter : public ::testing::EmptyTestEventListener {
+    // Called before a test starts.
+    virtual void OnTestStart(const ::testing::TestInfo& test_info) {
+      printf("*** Test %s.%s starting.\n",
+             test_info.test_case_name(), test_info.name());
+    }
+
+    // Called after a failed assertion or a SUCCESS().
+    virtual void OnTestPartResult(
+        const ::testing::TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
+      printf("%s in %s:%d\n%s\n",
+             test_part_result.failed() ? "*** Failure" : "Success",
+             test_part_result.file_name(),
+             test_part_result.line_number(),
+             test_part_result.summary());
+    }
+
+    // Called after a test ends.
+    virtual void OnTestEnd(const ::testing::TestInfo& test_info) {
+      printf("*** Test %s.%s ending.\n",
+             test_info.test_case_name(), test_info.name());
+    }
+  };
+```
+
+## Using Event Listeners ##
+
+To use the event listener you have defined, add an instance of it to
+the Google Test event listener list (represented by class
+[TestEventListeners](../include/gtest/gtest.h#L929)
+- note the "s" at the end of the name) in your
+`main()` function, before calling `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`:
+```
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  // Gets hold of the event listener list.
+  ::testing::TestEventListeners& listeners =
+      ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners();
+  // Adds a listener to the end.  Google Test takes the ownership.
+  listeners.Append(new MinimalistPrinter);
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
+```
+
+There's only one problem: the default test result printer is still in
+effect, so its output will mingle with the output from your minimalist
+printer. To suppress the default printer, just release it from the
+event listener list and delete it. You can do so by adding one line:
+```
+  ...
+  delete listeners.Release(listeners.default_result_printer());
+  listeners.Append(new MinimalistPrinter);
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+```
+
+Now, sit back and enjoy a completely different output from your
+tests. For more details, you can read this
+[sample](../samples/sample9_unittest.cc).
+
+You may append more than one listener to the list. When an `On*Start()`
+or `OnTestPartResult()` event is fired, the listeners will receive it in
+the order they appear in the list (since new listeners are added to
+the end of the list, the default text printer and the default XML
+generator will receive the event first). An `On*End()` event will be
+received by the listeners in the _reverse_ order. This allows output by
+listeners added later to be framed by output from listeners added
+earlier.
+
+## Generating Failures in Listeners ##
+
+You may use failure-raising macros (`EXPECT_*()`, `ASSERT_*()`,
+`FAIL()`, etc) when processing an event. There are some restrictions:
+
+  1. You cannot generate any failure in `OnTestPartResult()` (otherwise it will cause `OnTestPartResult()` to be called recursively).
+  1. A listener that handles `OnTestPartResult()` is not allowed to generate any failure.
+
+When you add listeners to the listener list, you should put listeners
+that handle `OnTestPartResult()` _before_ listeners that can generate
+failures. This ensures that failures generated by the latter are
+attributed to the right test by the former.
+
+We have a sample of failure-raising listener
+[here](../samples/sample10_unittest.cc).
+
+# Running Test Programs: Advanced Options #
+
+Google Test test programs are ordinary executables. Once built, you can run
+them directly and affect their behavior via the following environment variables
+and/or command line flags. For the flags to work, your programs must call
+`::testing::InitGoogleTest()` before calling `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`.
+
+To see a list of supported flags and their usage, please run your test
+program with the `--help` flag.  You can also use `-h`, `-?`, or `/?`
+for short.  This feature is added in version 1.3.0.
+
+If an option is specified both by an environment variable and by a
+flag, the latter takes precedence.  Most of the options can also be
+set/read in code: to access the value of command line flag
+`--gtest_foo`, write `::testing::GTEST_FLAG(foo)`.  A common pattern is
+to set the value of a flag before calling `::testing::InitGoogleTest()`
+to change the default value of the flag:
+```
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  // Disables elapsed time by default.
+  ::testing::GTEST_FLAG(print_time) = false;
+
+  // This allows the user to override the flag on the command line.
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
+```
+
+## Selecting Tests ##
+
+This section shows various options for choosing which tests to run.
+
+### Listing Test Names ###
+
+Sometimes it is necessary to list the available tests in a program before
+running them so that a filter may be applied if needed. Including the flag
+`--gtest_list_tests` overrides all other flags and lists tests in the following
+format:
+```
+TestCase1.
+  TestName1
+  TestName2
+TestCase2.
+  TestName
+```
+
+None of the tests listed are actually run if the flag is provided. There is no
+corresponding environment variable for this flag.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Running a Subset of the Tests ###
+
+By default, a Google Test program runs all tests the user has defined.
+Sometimes, you want to run only a subset of the tests (e.g. for debugging or
+quickly verifying a change). If you set the `GTEST_FILTER` environment variable
+or the `--gtest_filter` flag to a filter string, Google Test will only run the
+tests whose full names (in the form of `TestCaseName.TestName`) match the
+filter.
+
+The format of a filter is a '`:`'-separated list of wildcard patterns (called
+the positive patterns) optionally followed by a '`-`' and another
+'`:`'-separated pattern list (called the negative patterns). A test matches the
+filter if and only if it matches any of the positive patterns but does not
+match any of the negative patterns.
+
+A pattern may contain `'*'` (matches any string) or `'?'` (matches any single
+character). For convenience, the filter `'*-NegativePatterns'` can be also
+written as `'-NegativePatterns'`.
+
+For example:
+
+  * `./foo_test` Has no flag, and thus runs all its tests.
+  * `./foo_test --gtest_filter=*` Also runs everything, due to the single match-everything `*` value.
+  * `./foo_test --gtest_filter=FooTest.*` Runs everything in test case `FooTest`.
+  * `./foo_test --gtest_filter=*Null*:*Constructor*` Runs any test whose full name contains either `"Null"` or `"Constructor"`.
+  * `./foo_test --gtest_filter=-*DeathTest.*` Runs all non-death tests.
+  * `./foo_test --gtest_filter=FooTest.*-FooTest.Bar` Runs everything in test case `FooTest` except `FooTest.Bar`.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Temporarily Disabling Tests ###
+
+If you have a broken test that you cannot fix right away, you can add the
+`DISABLED_` prefix to its name. This will exclude it from execution. This is
+better than commenting out the code or using `#if 0`, as disabled tests are
+still compiled (and thus won't rot).
+
+If you need to disable all tests in a test case, you can either add `DISABLED_`
+to the front of the name of each test, or alternatively add it to the front of
+the test case name.
+
+For example, the following tests won't be run by Google Test, even though they
+will still be compiled:
+
+```
+// Tests that Foo does Abc.
+TEST(FooTest, DISABLED_DoesAbc) { ... }
+
+class DISABLED_BarTest : public ::testing::Test { ... };
+
+// Tests that Bar does Xyz.
+TEST_F(DISABLED_BarTest, DoesXyz) { ... }
+```
+
+_Note:_ This feature should only be used for temporary pain-relief. You still
+have to fix the disabled tests at a later date. As a reminder, Google Test will
+print a banner warning you if a test program contains any disabled tests.
+
+_Tip:_ You can easily count the number of disabled tests you have
+using `grep`. This number can be used as a metric for improving your
+test quality.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Temporarily Enabling Disabled Tests ###
+
+To include [disabled tests](#temporarily-disabling-tests) in test
+execution, just invoke the test program with the
+`--gtest_also_run_disabled_tests` flag or set the
+`GTEST_ALSO_RUN_DISABLED_TESTS` environment variable to a value other
+than `0`.  You can combine this with the
+[--gtest\_filter](#running-a-subset-of-the-tests) flag to further select
+which disabled tests to run.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac; since version 1.3.0.
+
+## Repeating the Tests ##
+
+Once in a while you'll run into a test whose result is hit-or-miss. Perhaps it
+will fail only 1% of the time, making it rather hard to reproduce the bug under
+a debugger. This can be a major source of frustration.
+
+The `--gtest_repeat` flag allows you to repeat all (or selected) test methods
+in a program many times. Hopefully, a flaky test will eventually fail and give
+you a chance to debug. Here's how to use it:
+
+| `$ foo_test --gtest_repeat=1000` | Repeat foo\_test 1000 times and don't stop at failures. |
+|:---------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------|
+| `$ foo_test --gtest_repeat=-1`   | A negative count means repeating forever.               |
+| `$ foo_test --gtest_repeat=1000 --gtest_break_on_failure` | Repeat foo\_test 1000 times, stopping at the first failure. This is especially useful when running under a debugger: when the testfails, it will drop into the debugger and you can then inspect variables and stacks. |
+| `$ foo_test --gtest_repeat=1000 --gtest_filter=FooBar` | Repeat the tests whose name matches the filter 1000 times. |
+
+If your test program contains global set-up/tear-down code registered
+using `AddGlobalTestEnvironment()`, it will be repeated in each
+iteration as well, as the flakiness may be in it. You can also specify
+the repeat count by setting the `GTEST_REPEAT` environment variable.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## Shuffling the Tests ##
+
+You can specify the `--gtest_shuffle` flag (or set the `GTEST_SHUFFLE`
+environment variable to `1`) to run the tests in a program in a random
+order. This helps to reveal bad dependencies between tests.
+
+By default, Google Test uses a random seed calculated from the current
+time. Therefore you'll get a different order every time. The console
+output includes the random seed value, such that you can reproduce an
+order-related test failure later. To specify the random seed
+explicitly, use the `--gtest_random_seed=SEED` flag (or set the
+`GTEST_RANDOM_SEED` environment variable), where `SEED` is an integer
+between 0 and 99999. The seed value 0 is special: it tells Google Test
+to do the default behavior of calculating the seed from the current
+time.
+
+If you combine this with `--gtest_repeat=N`, Google Test will pick a
+different random seed and re-shuffle the tests in each iteration.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac; since v1.4.0.
+
+## Controlling Test Output ##
+
+This section teaches how to tweak the way test results are reported.
+
+### Colored Terminal Output ###
+
+Google Test can use colors in its terminal output to make it easier to spot
+the separation between tests, and whether tests passed.
+
+You can set the GTEST\_COLOR environment variable or set the `--gtest_color`
+command line flag to `yes`, `no`, or `auto` (the default) to enable colors,
+disable colors, or let Google Test decide. When the value is `auto`, Google
+Test will use colors if and only if the output goes to a terminal and (on
+non-Windows platforms) the `TERM` environment variable is set to `xterm` or
+`xterm-color`.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Suppressing the Elapsed Time ###
+
+By default, Google Test prints the time it takes to run each test.  To
+suppress that, run the test program with the `--gtest_print_time=0`
+command line flag.  Setting the `GTEST_PRINT_TIME` environment
+variable to `0` has the same effect.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.  (In Google Test 1.3.0 and lower,
+the default behavior is that the elapsed time is **not** printed.)
+
+### Generating an XML Report ###
+
+Google Test can emit a detailed XML report to a file in addition to its normal
+textual output. The report contains the duration of each test, and thus can
+help you identify slow tests.
+
+To generate the XML report, set the `GTEST_OUTPUT` environment variable or the
+`--gtest_output` flag to the string `"xml:_path_to_output_file_"`, which will
+create the file at the given location. You can also just use the string
+`"xml"`, in which case the output can be found in the `test_detail.xml` file in
+the current directory.
+
+If you specify a directory (for example, `"xml:output/directory/"` on Linux or
+`"xml:output\directory\"` on Windows), Google Test will create the XML file in
+that directory, named after the test executable (e.g. `foo_test.xml` for test
+program `foo_test` or `foo_test.exe`). If the file already exists (perhaps left
+over from a previous run), Google Test will pick a different name (e.g.
+`foo_test_1.xml`) to avoid overwriting it.
+
+The report uses the format described here.  It is based on the
+`junitreport` Ant task and can be parsed by popular continuous build
+systems like [Hudson](https://hudson.dev.java.net/). Since that format
+was originally intended for Java, a little interpretation is required
+to make it apply to Google Test tests, as shown here:
+
+```
+<testsuites name="AllTests" ...>
+  <testsuite name="test_case_name" ...>
+    <testcase name="test_name" ...>
+      <failure message="..."/>
+      <failure message="..."/>
+      <failure message="..."/>
+    </testcase>
+  </testsuite>
+</testsuites>
+```
+
+  * The root `<testsuites>` element corresponds to the entire test program.
+  * `<testsuite>` elements correspond to Google Test test cases.
+  * `<testcase>` elements correspond to Google Test test functions.
+
+For instance, the following program
+
+```
+TEST(MathTest, Addition) { ... }
+TEST(MathTest, Subtraction) { ... }
+TEST(LogicTest, NonContradiction) { ... }
+```
+
+could generate this report:
+
+```
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<testsuites tests="3" failures="1" errors="0" time="35" name="AllTests">
+  <testsuite name="MathTest" tests="2" failures="1"* errors="0" time="15">
+    <testcase name="Addition" status="run" time="7" classname="">
+      <failure message="Value of: add(1, 1)&#x0A; Actual: 3&#x0A;Expected: 2" type=""/>
+      <failure message="Value of: add(1, -1)&#x0A; Actual: 1&#x0A;Expected: 0" type=""/>
+    </testcase>
+    <testcase name="Subtraction" status="run" time="5" classname="">
+    </testcase>
+  </testsuite>
+  <testsuite name="LogicTest" tests="1" failures="0" errors="0" time="5">
+    <testcase name="NonContradiction" status="run" time="5" classname="">
+    </testcase>
+  </testsuite>
+</testsuites>
+```
+
+Things to note:
+
+  * The `tests` attribute of a `<testsuites>` or `<testsuite>` element tells how many test functions the Google Test program or test case contains, while the `failures` attribute tells how many of them failed.
+  * The `time` attribute expresses the duration of the test, test case, or entire test program in milliseconds.
+  * Each `<failure>` element corresponds to a single failed Google Test assertion.
+  * Some JUnit concepts don't apply to Google Test, yet we have to conform to the DTD. Therefore you'll see some dummy elements and attributes in the report. You can safely ignore these parts.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## Controlling How Failures Are Reported ##
+
+### Turning Assertion Failures into Break-Points ###
+
+When running test programs under a debugger, it's very convenient if the
+debugger can catch an assertion failure and automatically drop into interactive
+mode. Google Test's _break-on-failure_ mode supports this behavior.
+
+To enable it, set the `GTEST_BREAK_ON_FAILURE` environment variable to a value
+other than `0` . Alternatively, you can use the `--gtest_break_on_failure`
+command line flag.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Suppressing Pop-ups Caused by Exceptions ###
+
+On Windows, Google Test may be used with exceptions enabled. Even when
+exceptions are disabled, an application can still throw structured exceptions
+(SEH's). If a test throws an exception, by default Google Test doesn't try to
+catch it. Instead, you'll see a pop-up dialog, at which point you can attach
+the process to a debugger and easily find out what went wrong.
+
+However, if you don't want to see the pop-ups (for example, if you run the
+tests in a batch job), set the `GTEST_CATCH_EXCEPTIONS` environment variable to
+a non- `0` value, or use the `--gtest_catch_exceptions` flag. Google Test now
+catches all test-thrown exceptions and logs them as failures.
+
+_Availability:_ Windows. `GTEST_CATCH_EXCEPTIONS` and
+`--gtest_catch_exceptions` have no effect on Google Test's behavior on Linux or
+Mac, even if exceptions are enabled. It is possible to add support for catching
+exceptions on these platforms, but it is not implemented yet.
+
+### Letting Another Testing Framework Drive ###
+
+If you work on a project that has already been using another testing
+framework and is not ready to completely switch to Google Test yet,
+you can get much of Google Test's benefit by using its assertions in
+your existing tests.  Just change your `main()` function to look
+like:
+
+```
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  ::testing::GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = true;
+  // Important: Google Test must be initialized.
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+  ... whatever your existing testing framework requires ...
+}
+```
+
+With that, you can use Google Test assertions in addition to the
+native assertions your testing framework provides, for example:
+
+```
+void TestFooDoesBar() {
+  Foo foo;
+  EXPECT_LE(foo.Bar(1), 100);     // A Google Test assertion.
+  CPPUNIT_ASSERT(foo.IsEmpty());  // A native assertion.
+}
+```
+
+If a Google Test assertion fails, it will print an error message and
+throw an exception, which will be treated as a failure by your host
+testing framework.  If you compile your code with exceptions disabled,
+a failed Google Test assertion will instead exit your program with a
+non-zero code, which will also signal a test failure to your test
+runner.
+
+If you don't write `::testing::GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = true;` in
+your `main()`, you can alternatively enable this feature by specifying
+the `--gtest_throw_on_failure` flag on the command-line or setting the
+`GTEST_THROW_ON_FAILURE` environment variable to a non-zero value.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac; since v1.3.0.
+
+## Distributing Test Functions to Multiple Machines ##
+
+If you have more than one machine you can use to run a test program,
+you might want to run the test functions in parallel and get the
+result faster.  We call this technique _sharding_, where each machine
+is called a _shard_.
+
+Google Test is compatible with test sharding.  To take advantage of
+this feature, your test runner (not part of Google Test) needs to do
+the following:
+
+  1. Allocate a number of machines (shards) to run the tests.
+  1. On each shard, set the `GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS` environment variable to the total number of shards.  It must be the same for all shards.
+  1. On each shard, set the `GTEST_SHARD_INDEX` environment variable to the index of the shard.  Different shards must be assigned different indices, which must be in the range `[0, GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS - 1]`.
+  1. Run the same test program on all shards.  When Google Test sees the above two environment variables, it will select a subset of the test functions to run.  Across all shards, each test function in the program will be run exactly once.
+  1. Wait for all shards to finish, then collect and report the results.
+
+Your project may have tests that were written without Google Test and
+thus don't understand this protocol.  In order for your test runner to
+figure out which test supports sharding, it can set the environment
+variable `GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE` to a non-existent file path.  If a
+test program supports sharding, it will create this file to
+acknowledge the fact (the actual contents of the file are not
+important at this time; although we may stick some useful information
+in it in the future.); otherwise it will not create it.
+
+Here's an example to make it clear.  Suppose you have a test program
+`foo_test` that contains the following 5 test functions:
+```
+TEST(A, V)
+TEST(A, W)
+TEST(B, X)
+TEST(B, Y)
+TEST(B, Z)
+```
+and you have 3 machines at your disposal.  To run the test functions in
+parallel, you would set `GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS` to 3 on all machines, and
+set `GTEST_SHARD_INDEX` to 0, 1, and 2 on the machines respectively.
+Then you would run the same `foo_test` on each machine.
+
+Google Test reserves the right to change how the work is distributed
+across the shards, but here's one possible scenario:
+
+  * Machine #0 runs `A.V` and `B.X`.
+  * Machine #1 runs `A.W` and `B.Y`.
+  * Machine #2 runs `B.Z`.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac; since version 1.3.0.
+
+# Fusing Google Test Source Files #
+
+Google Test's implementation consists of ~30 files (excluding its own
+tests).  Sometimes you may want them to be packaged up in two files (a
+`.h` and a `.cc`) instead, such that you can easily copy them to a new
+machine and start hacking there.  For this we provide an experimental
+Python script `fuse_gtest_files.py` in the `scripts/` directory (since release 1.3.0).
+Assuming you have Python 2.4 or above installed on your machine, just
+go to that directory and run
+```
+python fuse_gtest_files.py OUTPUT_DIR
+```
+
+and you should see an `OUTPUT_DIR` directory being created with files
+`gtest/gtest.h` and `gtest/gtest-all.cc` in it.  These files contain
+everything you need to use Google Test.  Just copy them to anywhere
+you want and you are ready to write tests.  You can use the
+[scrpts/test/Makefile](../scripts/test/Makefile)
+file as an example on how to compile your tests against them.
+
+# Where to Go from Here #
+
+Congratulations! You've now learned more advanced Google Test tools and are
+ready to tackle more complex testing tasks. If you want to dive even deeper, you
+can read the [FAQ](V1_5_FAQ.md).
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_5_Documentation.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_5_Documentation.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..46bba2ec86e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_5_Documentation.md
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+This page lists all official documentation wiki pages for Google Test **1.5.0** -- **if you use a different version of Google Test, make sure to read the documentation for that version instead.**
+
+  * [Primer](V1_5_Primer.md) -- start here if you are new to Google Test.
+  * [Samples](Samples.md) -- learn from examples.
+  * [AdvancedGuide](V1_5_AdvancedGuide.md) -- learn more about Google Test.
+  * [XcodeGuide](V1_5_XcodeGuide.md) -- how to use Google Test in Xcode on Mac.
+  * [Frequently-Asked Questions](V1_5_FAQ.md) -- check here before asking a question on the mailing list.
+
+To contribute code to Google Test, read:
+
+  * DevGuide -- read this _before_ writing your first patch.
+  * [PumpManual](V1_5_PumpManual.md) -- how we generate some of Google Test's source files.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_5_FAQ.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_5_FAQ.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e870aff0007f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_5_FAQ.md
@@ -0,0 +1,886 @@
+
+
+If you cannot find the answer to your question here, and you have read
+[Primer](V1_5_Primer.md) and [AdvancedGuide](V1_5_AdvancedGuide.md), send it to
+googletestframework@googlegroups.com.
+
+## Why should I use Google Test instead of my favorite C++ testing framework? ##
+
+First, let's say clearly that we don't want to get into the debate of
+which C++ testing framework is **the best**.  There exist many fine
+frameworks for writing C++ tests, and we have tremendous respect for
+the developers and users of them.  We don't think there is (or will
+be) a single best framework - you have to pick the right tool for the
+particular task you are tackling.
+
+We created Google Test because we couldn't find the right combination
+of features and conveniences in an existing framework to satisfy _our_
+needs.  The following is a list of things that _we_ like about Google
+Test.  We don't claim them to be unique to Google Test - rather, the
+combination of them makes Google Test the choice for us.  We hope this
+list can help you decide whether it is for you too.
+
+  * Google Test is designed to be portable.  It works where many STL types (e.g. `std::string` and `std::vector`) don't compile.  It doesn't require exceptions or RTTI.  As a result, it runs on Linux, Mac OS X, Windows and several embedded operating systems.
+  * Nonfatal assertions (`EXPECT_*`) have proven to be great time savers, as they allow a test to report multiple failures in a single edit-compile-test cycle.
+  * It's easy to write assertions that generate informative messages: you just use the stream syntax to append any additional information, e.g. `ASSERT_EQ(5, Foo(i)) << " where i = " << i;`.  It doesn't require a new set of macros or special functions.
+  * Google Test automatically detects your tests and doesn't require you to enumerate them in order to run them.
+  * No framework can anticipate all your needs, so Google Test provides `EXPECT_PRED*` to make it easy to extend your assertion vocabulary.  For a nicer syntax, you can define your own assertion macros trivially in terms of `EXPECT_PRED*`.
+  * Death tests are pretty handy for ensuring that your asserts in production code are triggered by the right conditions.
+  * `SCOPED_TRACE` helps you understand the context of an assertion failure when it comes from inside a sub-routine or loop.
+  * You can decide which tests to run using name patterns.  This saves time when you want to quickly reproduce a test failure.
+
+## How do I generate 64-bit binaries on Windows (using Visual Studio 2008)? ##
+
+(Answered by Trevor Robinson)
+
+Load the supplied Visual Studio solution file, either `msvc\gtest-md.sln` or
+`msvc\gtest.sln`. Go through the migration wizard to migrate the
+solution and project files to Visual Studio 2008. Select
+`Configuration Manager...` from the `Build` menu. Select `<New...>` from
+the `Active solution platform` dropdown.  Select `x64` from the new
+platform dropdown, leave `Copy settings from` set to `Win32` and
+`Create new project platforms` checked, then click `OK`. You now have
+`Win32` and `x64` platform configurations, selectable from the
+`Standard` toolbar, which allow you to toggle between building 32-bit or
+64-bit binaries (or both at once using Batch Build).
+
+In order to prevent build output files from overwriting one another,
+you'll need to change the `Intermediate Directory` settings for the
+newly created platform configuration across all the projects. To do
+this, multi-select (e.g. using shift-click) all projects (but not the
+solution) in the `Solution Explorer`. Right-click one of them and
+select `Properties`. In the left pane, select `Configuration Properties`,
+and from the `Configuration` dropdown, select `All Configurations`.
+Make sure the selected platform is `x64`. For the
+`Intermediate Directory` setting, change the value from
+`$(PlatformName)\$(ConfigurationName)` to
+`$(OutDir)\$(ProjectName)`. Click `OK` and then build the
+solution. When the build is complete, the 64-bit binaries will be in
+the `msvc\x64\Debug` directory.
+
+## Can I use Google Test on MinGW? ##
+
+We haven't tested this ourselves, but Per Abrahamsen reported that he
+was able to compile and install Google Test successfully when using
+MinGW from Cygwin.  You'll need to configure it with:
+
+`PATH/TO/configure CC="gcc -mno-cygwin" CXX="g++ -mno-cygwin"`
+
+You should be able to replace the `-mno-cygwin` option with direct links
+to the real MinGW binaries, but we haven't tried that.
+
+Caveats:
+
+  * There are many warnings when compiling.
+  * `make check` will produce some errors as not all tests for Google Test itself are compatible with MinGW.
+
+We also have reports on successful cross compilation of Google Test MinGW binaries on Linux using [these instructions](http://wiki.wxwidgets.org/Cross-Compiling_Under_Linux#Cross-compiling_under_Linux_for_MS_Windows) on the WxWidgets site.
+
+Please contact `googletestframework@googlegroups.com` if you are
+interested in improving the support for MinGW.
+
+## Why does Google Test support EXPECT\_EQ(NULL, ptr) and ASSERT\_EQ(NULL, ptr) but not EXPECT\_NE(NULL, ptr) and ASSERT\_NE(NULL, ptr)? ##
+
+Due to some peculiarity of C++, it requires some non-trivial template
+meta programming tricks to support using `NULL` as an argument of the
+`EXPECT_XX()` and `ASSERT_XX()` macros. Therefore we only do it where
+it's most needed (otherwise we make the implementation of Google Test
+harder to maintain and more error-prone than necessary).
+
+The `EXPECT_EQ()` macro takes the _expected_ value as its first
+argument and the _actual_ value as the second. It's reasonable that
+someone wants to write `EXPECT_EQ(NULL, some_expression)`, and this
+indeed was requested several times. Therefore we implemented it.
+
+The need for `EXPECT_NE(NULL, ptr)` isn't nearly as strong. When the
+assertion fails, you already know that `ptr` must be `NULL`, so it
+doesn't add any information to print ptr in this case. That means
+`EXPECT_TRUE(ptr ! NULL)` works just as well.
+
+If we were to support `EXPECT_NE(NULL, ptr)`, for consistency we'll
+have to support `EXPECT_NE(ptr, NULL)` as well, as unlike `EXPECT_EQ`,
+we don't have a convention on the order of the two arguments for
+`EXPECT_NE`. This means using the template meta programming tricks
+twice in the implementation, making it even harder to understand and
+maintain. We believe the benefit doesn't justify the cost.
+
+Finally, with the growth of Google Mock's [matcher](../../CookBook.md#using-matchers-in-google-test-assertions) library, we are
+encouraging people to use the unified `EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher)`
+syntax more often in tests. One significant advantage of the matcher
+approach is that matchers can be easily combined to form new matchers,
+while the `EXPECT_NE`, etc, macros cannot be easily
+combined. Therefore we want to invest more in the matchers than in the
+`EXPECT_XX()` macros.
+
+## Does Google Test support running tests in parallel? ##
+
+Test runners tend to be tightly coupled with the build/test
+environment, and Google Test doesn't try to solve the problem of
+running tests in parallel.  Instead, we tried to make Google Test work
+nicely with test runners.  For example, Google Test's XML report
+contains the time spent on each test, and its `gtest_list_tests` and
+`gtest_filter` flags can be used for splitting the execution of test
+methods into multiple processes.  These functionalities can help the
+test runner run the tests in parallel.
+
+## Why don't Google Test run the tests in different threads to speed things up? ##
+
+It's difficult to write thread-safe code.  Most tests are not written
+with thread-safety in mind, and thus may not work correctly in a
+multi-threaded setting.
+
+If you think about it, it's already hard to make your code work when
+you know what other threads are doing.  It's much harder, and
+sometimes even impossible, to make your code work when you don't know
+what other threads are doing (remember that test methods can be added,
+deleted, or modified after your test was written).  If you want to run
+the tests in parallel, you'd better run them in different processes.
+
+## Why aren't Google Test assertions implemented using exceptions? ##
+
+Our original motivation was to be able to use Google Test in projects
+that disable exceptions.  Later we realized some additional benefits
+of this approach:
+
+  1. Throwing in a destructor is undefined behavior in C++.  Not using exceptions means Google Test's assertions are safe to use in destructors.
+  1. The `EXPECT_*` family of macros will continue even after a failure, allowing multiple failures in a `TEST` to be reported in a single run. This is a popular feature, as in C++ the edit-compile-test cycle is usually quite long and being able to fixing more than one thing at a time is a blessing.
+  1. If assertions are implemented using exceptions, a test may falsely ignore a failure if it's caught by user code:
+```
+try { ... ASSERT_TRUE(...) ... }
+catch (...) { ... }
+```
+The above code will pass even if the `ASSERT_TRUE` throws.  While it's unlikely for someone to write this in a test, it's possible to run into this pattern when you write assertions in callbacks that are called by the code under test.
+
+The downside of not using exceptions is that `ASSERT_*` (implemented
+using `return`) will only abort the current function, not the current
+`TEST`.
+
+## Why do we use two different macros for tests with and without fixtures? ##
+
+Unfortunately, C++'s macro system doesn't allow us to use the same
+macro for both cases.  One possibility is to provide only one macro
+for tests with fixtures, and require the user to define an empty
+fixture sometimes:
+
+```
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {};
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, DoesThis) { ... }
+```
+or
+```
+typedef ::testing::Test FooTest;
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, DoesThat) { ... }
+```
+
+Yet, many people think this is one line too many. :-) Our goal was to
+make it really easy to write tests, so we tried to make simple tests
+trivial to create.  That means using a separate macro for such tests.
+
+We think neither approach is ideal, yet either of them is reasonable.
+In the end, it probably doesn't matter much either way.
+
+## Why don't we use structs as test fixtures? ##
+
+We like to use structs only when representing passive data.  This
+distinction between structs and classes is good for documenting the
+intent of the code's author.  Since test fixtures have logic like
+`SetUp()` and `TearDown()`, they are better defined as classes.
+
+## Why are death tests implemented as assertions instead of using a test runner? ##
+
+Our goal was to make death tests as convenient for a user as C++
+possibly allows.  In particular:
+
+  * The runner-style requires to split the information into two pieces: the definition of the death test itself, and the specification for the runner on how to run the death test and what to expect.  The death test would be written in C++, while the runner spec may or may not be.  A user needs to carefully keep the two in sync. `ASSERT_DEATH(statement, expected_message)` specifies all necessary information in one place, in one language, without boilerplate code. It is very declarative.
+  * `ASSERT_DEATH` has a similar syntax and error-reporting semantics as other Google Test assertions, and thus is easy to learn.
+  * `ASSERT_DEATH` can be mixed with other assertions and other logic at your will.  You are not limited to one death test per test method. For example, you can write something like:
+```
+    if (FooCondition()) {
+      ASSERT_DEATH(Bar(), "blah");
+    } else {
+      ASSERT_EQ(5, Bar());
+    }
+```
+If you prefer one death test per test method, you can write your tests in that style too, but we don't want to impose that on the users.  The fewer artificial limitations the better.
+  * `ASSERT_DEATH` can reference local variables in the current function, and you can decide how many death tests you want based on run-time information.  For example,
+```
+    const int count = GetCount();  // Only known at run time.
+    for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++) {
+      ASSERT_DEATH({
+        double* buffer = new double[i];
+        ... initializes buffer ...
+        Foo(buffer, i)
+      }, "blah blah");
+    }
+```
+The runner-based approach tends to be more static and less flexible, or requires more user effort to get this kind of flexibility.
+
+Another interesting thing about `ASSERT_DEATH` is that it calls `fork()`
+to create a child process to run the death test.  This is lightening
+fast, as `fork()` uses copy-on-write pages and incurs almost zero
+overhead, and the child process starts from the user-supplied
+statement directly, skipping all global and local initialization and
+any code leading to the given statement.  If you launch the child
+process from scratch, it can take seconds just to load everything and
+start running if the test links to many libraries dynamically.
+
+## My death test modifies some state, but the change seems lost after the death test finishes. Why? ##
+
+Death tests (`EXPECT_DEATH`, etc) are executed in a sub-process s.t. the
+expected crash won't kill the test program (i.e. the parent process). As a
+result, any in-memory side effects they incur are observable in their
+respective sub-processes, but not in the parent process. You can think of them
+as running in a parallel universe, more or less.
+
+## The compiler complains about "undefined references" to some static const member variables, but I did define them in the class body. What's wrong? ##
+
+If your class has a static data member:
+
+```
+// foo.h
+class Foo {
+  ...
+  static const int kBar = 100;
+};
+```
+
+You also need to define it _outside_ of the class body in `foo.cc`:
+
+```
+const int Foo::kBar;  // No initializer here.
+```
+
+Otherwise your code is **invalid C++**, and may break in unexpected ways. In
+particular, using it in Google Test comparison assertions (`EXPECT_EQ`, etc)
+will generate an "undefined reference" linker error.
+
+## I have an interface that has several implementations. Can I write a set of tests once and repeat them over all the implementations? ##
+
+Google Test doesn't yet have good support for this kind of tests, or
+data-driven tests in general. We hope to be able to make improvements in this
+area soon.
+
+## Can I derive a test fixture from another? ##
+
+Yes.
+
+Each test fixture has a corresponding and same named test case. This means only
+one test case can use a particular fixture. Sometimes, however, multiple test
+cases may want to use the same or slightly different fixtures. For example, you
+may want to make sure that all of a GUI library's test cases don't leak
+important system resources like fonts and brushes.
+
+In Google Test, you share a fixture among test cases by putting the shared
+logic in a base test fixture, then deriving from that base a separate fixture
+for each test case that wants to use this common logic. You then use `TEST_F()`
+to write tests using each derived fixture.
+
+Typically, your code looks like this:
+
+```
+// Defines a base test fixture.
+class BaseTest : public ::testing::Test {
+  protected:
+   ...
+};
+
+// Derives a fixture FooTest from BaseTest.
+class FooTest : public BaseTest {
+  protected:
+    virtual void SetUp() {
+      BaseTest::SetUp();  // Sets up the base fixture first.
+      ... additional set-up work ...
+    }
+    virtual void TearDown() {
+      ... clean-up work for FooTest ...
+      BaseTest::TearDown();  // Remember to tear down the base fixture
+                             // after cleaning up FooTest!
+    }
+    ... functions and variables for FooTest ...
+};
+
+// Tests that use the fixture FooTest.
+TEST_F(FooTest, Bar) { ... }
+TEST_F(FooTest, Baz) { ... }
+
+... additional fixtures derived from BaseTest ...
+```
+
+If necessary, you can continue to derive test fixtures from a derived fixture.
+Google Test has no limit on how deep the hierarchy can be.
+
+For a complete example using derived test fixtures, see
+`samples/sample5_unittest.cc`.
+
+## My compiler complains "void value not ignored as it ought to be." What does this mean? ##
+
+You're probably using an `ASSERT_*()` in a function that doesn't return `void`.
+`ASSERT_*()` can only be used in `void` functions.
+
+## My death test hangs (or seg-faults). How do I fix it? ##
+
+In Google Test, death tests are run in a child process and the way they work is
+delicate. To write death tests you really need to understand how they work.
+Please make sure you have read this.
+
+In particular, death tests don't like having multiple threads in the parent
+process. So the first thing you can try is to eliminate creating threads
+outside of `EXPECT_DEATH()`.
+
+Sometimes this is impossible as some library you must use may be creating
+threads before `main()` is even reached. In this case, you can try to minimize
+the chance of conflicts by either moving as many activities as possible inside
+`EXPECT_DEATH()` (in the extreme case, you want to move everything inside), or
+leaving as few things as possible in it. Also, you can try to set the death
+test style to `"threadsafe"`, which is safer but slower, and see if it helps.
+
+If you go with thread-safe death tests, remember that they rerun the test
+program from the beginning in the child process. Therefore make sure your
+program can run side-by-side with itself and is deterministic.
+
+In the end, this boils down to good concurrent programming. You have to make
+sure that there is no race conditions or dead locks in your program. No silver
+bullet - sorry!
+
+## Should I use the constructor/destructor of the test fixture or the set-up/tear-down function? ##
+
+The first thing to remember is that Google Test does not reuse the
+same test fixture object across multiple tests. For each `TEST_F`,
+Google Test will create a fresh test fixture object, _immediately_
+call `SetUp()`, run the test, call `TearDown()`, and then
+_immediately_ delete the test fixture object. Therefore, there is no
+need to write a `SetUp()` or `TearDown()` function if the constructor
+or destructor already does the job.
+
+You may still want to use `SetUp()/TearDown()` in the following cases:
+  * If the tear-down operation could throw an exception, you must use `TearDown()` as opposed to the destructor, as throwing in a destructor leads to undefined behavior and usually will kill your program right away. Note that many standard libraries (like STL) may throw when exceptions are enabled in the compiler. Therefore you should prefer `TearDown()` if you want to write portable tests that work with or without exceptions.
+  * The Google Test team is considering making the assertion macros throw on platforms where exceptions are enabled (e.g. Windows, Mac OS, and Linux client-side), which will eliminate the need for the user to propagate failures from a subroutine to its caller. Therefore, you shouldn't use Google Test assertions in a destructor if your code could run on such a platform.
+  * In a constructor or destructor, you cannot make a virtual function call on this object. (You can call a method declared as virtual, but it will be statically bound.) Therefore, if you need to call a method that will be overriden in a derived class, you have to use `SetUp()/TearDown()`.
+
+## The compiler complains "no matching function to call" when I use ASSERT\_PREDn. How do I fix it? ##
+
+If the predicate function you use in `ASSERT_PRED*` or `EXPECT_PRED*` is
+overloaded or a template, the compiler will have trouble figuring out which
+overloaded version it should use. `ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT*` and
+`EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT*` don't have this problem.
+
+If you see this error, you might want to switch to
+`(ASSERT|EXPECT)_PRED_FORMAT*`, which will also give you a better failure
+message. If, however, that is not an option, you can resolve the problem by
+explicitly telling the compiler which version to pick.
+
+For example, suppose you have
+
+```
+bool IsPositive(int n) {
+  return n > 0;
+}
+bool IsPositive(double x) {
+  return x > 0;
+}
+```
+
+you will get a compiler error if you write
+
+```
+EXPECT_PRED1(IsPositive, 5);
+```
+
+However, this will work:
+
+```
+EXPECT_PRED1(*static_cast<bool (*)(int)>*(IsPositive), 5);
+```
+
+(The stuff inside the angled brackets for the `static_cast` operator is the
+type of the function pointer for the `int`-version of `IsPositive()`.)
+
+As another example, when you have a template function
+
+```
+template <typename T>
+bool IsNegative(T x) {
+  return x < 0;
+}
+```
+
+you can use it in a predicate assertion like this:
+
+```
+ASSERT_PRED1(IsNegative*<int>*, -5);
+```
+
+Things are more interesting if your template has more than one parameters. The
+following won't compile:
+
+```
+ASSERT_PRED2(*GreaterThan<int, int>*, 5, 0);
+```
+
+
+as the C++ pre-processor thinks you are giving `ASSERT_PRED2` 4 arguments,
+which is one more than expected. The workaround is to wrap the predicate
+function in parentheses:
+
+```
+ASSERT_PRED2(*(GreaterThan<int, int>)*, 5, 0);
+```
+
+
+## My compiler complains about "ignoring return value" when I call RUN\_ALL\_TESTS(). Why? ##
+
+Some people had been ignoring the return value of `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`. That is,
+instead of
+
+```
+return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+```
+
+they write
+
+```
+RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+```
+
+This is wrong and dangerous. A test runner needs to see the return value of
+`RUN_ALL_TESTS()` in order to determine if a test has passed. If your `main()`
+function ignores it, your test will be considered successful even if it has a
+Google Test assertion failure. Very bad.
+
+To help the users avoid this dangerous bug, the implementation of
+`RUN_ALL_TESTS()` causes gcc to raise this warning, when the return value is
+ignored. If you see this warning, the fix is simple: just make sure its value
+is used as the return value of `main()`.
+
+## My compiler complains that a constructor (or destructor) cannot return a value. What's going on? ##
+
+Due to a peculiarity of C++, in order to support the syntax for streaming
+messages to an `ASSERT_*`, e.g.
+
+```
+ASSERT_EQ(1, Foo()) << "blah blah" << foo;
+```
+
+we had to give up using `ASSERT*` and `FAIL*` (but not `EXPECT*` and
+`ADD_FAILURE*`) in constructors and destructors. The workaround is to move the
+content of your constructor/destructor to a private void member function, or
+switch to `EXPECT_*()` if that works. This section in the user's guide explains
+it.
+
+## My set-up function is not called. Why? ##
+
+C++ is case-sensitive. It should be spelled as `SetUp()`.  Did you
+spell it as `Setup()`?
+
+Similarly, sometimes people spell `SetUpTestCase()` as `SetupTestCase()` and
+wonder why it's never called.
+
+## How do I jump to the line of a failure in Emacs directly? ##
+
+Google Test's failure message format is understood by Emacs and many other
+IDEs, like acme and XCode. If a Google Test message is in a compilation buffer
+in Emacs, then it's clickable. You can now hit `enter` on a message to jump to
+the corresponding source code, or use `C-x `` to jump to the next failure.
+
+## I have several test cases which share the same test fixture logic, do I have to define a new test fixture class for each of them? This seems pretty tedious. ##
+
+You don't have to. Instead of
+
+```
+class FooTest : public BaseTest {};
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Abc) { ... }
+TEST_F(FooTest, Def) { ... }
+
+class BarTest : public BaseTest {};
+
+TEST_F(BarTest, Abc) { ... }
+TEST_F(BarTest, Def) { ... }
+```
+
+you can simply `typedef` the test fixtures:
+```
+typedef BaseTest FooTest;
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Abc) { ... }
+TEST_F(FooTest, Def) { ... }
+
+typedef BaseTest BarTest;
+
+TEST_F(BarTest, Abc) { ... }
+TEST_F(BarTest, Def) { ... }
+```
+
+## The Google Test output is buried in a whole bunch of log messages. What do I do? ##
+
+The Google Test output is meant to be a concise and human-friendly report. If
+your test generates textual output itself, it will mix with the Google Test
+output, making it hard to read. However, there is an easy solution to this
+problem.
+
+Since most log messages go to stderr, we decided to let Google Test output go
+to stdout. This way, you can easily separate the two using redirection. For
+example:
+```
+./my_test > googletest_output.txt
+```
+
+## Why should I prefer test fixtures over global variables? ##
+
+There are several good reasons:
+  1. It's likely your test needs to change the states of its global variables. This makes it difficult to keep side effects from escaping one test and contaminating others, making debugging difficult. By using fixtures, each test has a fresh set of variables that's different (but with the same names). Thus, tests are kept independent of each other.
+  1. Global variables pollute the global namespace.
+  1. Test fixtures can be reused via subclassing, which cannot be done easily with global variables. This is useful if many test cases have something in common.
+
+## How do I test private class members without writing FRIEND\_TEST()s? ##
+
+You should try to write testable code, which means classes should be easily
+tested from their public interface. One way to achieve this is the Pimpl idiom:
+you move all private members of a class into a helper class, and make all
+members of the helper class public.
+
+You have several other options that don't require using `FRIEND_TEST`:
+  * Write the tests as members of the fixture class:
+```
+class Foo {
+  friend class FooTest;
+  ...
+};
+
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  ...
+  void Test1() {...} // This accesses private members of class Foo.
+  void Test2() {...} // So does this one.
+};
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Test1) {
+  Test1();
+}
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Test2) {
+  Test2();
+}
+```
+  * In the fixture class, write accessors for the tested class' private members, then use the accessors in your tests:
+```
+class Foo {
+  friend class FooTest;
+  ...
+};
+
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  ...
+  T1 get_private_member1(Foo* obj) {
+    return obj->private_member1_;
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Test1) {
+  ...
+  get_private_member1(x)
+  ...
+}
+```
+  * If the methods are declared **protected**, you can change their access level in a test-only subclass:
+```
+class YourClass {
+  ...
+ protected: // protected access for testability.
+  int DoSomethingReturningInt();
+  ...
+};
+
+// in the your_class_test.cc file:
+class TestableYourClass : public YourClass {
+  ...
+ public: using YourClass::DoSomethingReturningInt; // changes access rights
+  ...
+};
+
+TEST_F(YourClassTest, DoSomethingTest) {
+  TestableYourClass obj;
+  assertEquals(expected_value, obj.DoSomethingReturningInt());
+}
+```
+
+## How do I test private class static members without writing FRIEND\_TEST()s? ##
+
+We find private static methods clutter the header file.  They are
+implementation details and ideally should be kept out of a .h. So often I make
+them free functions instead.
+
+Instead of:
+```
+// foo.h
+class Foo {
+  ...
+ private:
+  static bool Func(int n);
+};
+
+// foo.cc
+bool Foo::Func(int n) { ... }
+
+// foo_test.cc
+EXPECT_TRUE(Foo::Func(12345));
+```
+
+You probably should better write:
+```
+// foo.h
+class Foo {
+  ...
+};
+
+// foo.cc
+namespace internal {
+  bool Func(int n) { ... }
+}
+
+// foo_test.cc
+namespace internal {
+  bool Func(int n);
+}
+
+EXPECT_TRUE(internal::Func(12345));
+```
+
+## I would like to run a test several times with different parameters. Do I need to write several similar copies of it? ##
+
+No. You can use a feature called [value-parameterized tests](V1_5_AdvancedGuide.md#Value_Parameterized_Tests) which
+lets you repeat your tests with different parameters, without defining it more than once.
+
+## How do I test a file that defines main()? ##
+
+To test a `foo.cc` file, you need to compile and link it into your unit test
+program. However, when the file contains a definition for the `main()`
+function, it will clash with the `main()` of your unit test, and will result in
+a build error.
+
+The right solution is to split it into three files:
+  1. `foo.h` which contains the declarations,
+  1. `foo.cc` which contains the definitions except `main()`, and
+  1. `foo_main.cc` which contains nothing but the definition of `main()`.
+
+Then `foo.cc` can be easily tested.
+
+If you are adding tests to an existing file and don't want an intrusive change
+like this, there is a hack: just include the entire `foo.cc` file in your unit
+test. For example:
+```
+// File foo_unittest.cc
+
+// The headers section
+...
+
+// Renames main() in foo.cc to make room for the unit test main()
+#define main FooMain
+
+#include "a/b/foo.cc"
+
+// The tests start here.
+...
+```
+
+
+However, please remember this is a hack and should only be used as the last
+resort.
+
+## What can the statement argument in ASSERT\_DEATH() be? ##
+
+`ASSERT_DEATH(_statement_, _regex_)` (or any death assertion macro) can be used
+wherever `_statement_` is valid. So basically `_statement_` can be any C++
+statement that makes sense in the current context. In particular, it can
+reference global and/or local variables, and can be:
+  * a simple function call (often the case),
+  * a complex expression, or
+  * a compound statement.
+
+> Some examples are shown here:
+
+```
+// A death test can be a simple function call.
+TEST(MyDeathTest, FunctionCall) {
+  ASSERT_DEATH(Xyz(5), "Xyz failed");
+}
+
+// Or a complex expression that references variables and functions.
+TEST(MyDeathTest, ComplexExpression) {
+  const bool c = Condition();
+  ASSERT_DEATH((c ? Func1(0) : object2.Method("test")),
+               "(Func1|Method) failed");
+}
+
+// Death assertions can be used any where in a function. In
+// particular, they can be inside a loop.
+TEST(MyDeathTest, InsideLoop) {
+  // Verifies that Foo(0), Foo(1), ..., and Foo(4) all die.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+    EXPECT_DEATH_M(Foo(i), "Foo has \\d+ errors",
+                   ::testing::Message() << "where i is " << i);
+  }
+}
+
+// A death assertion can contain a compound statement.
+TEST(MyDeathTest, CompoundStatement) {
+  // Verifies that at lease one of Bar(0), Bar(1), ..., and
+  // Bar(4) dies.
+  ASSERT_DEATH({
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+      Bar(i);
+    }
+  },
+  "Bar has \\d+ errors");}
+```
+
+`googletest_unittest.cc` contains more examples if you are interested.
+
+## What syntax does the regular expression in ASSERT\_DEATH use? ##
+
+On POSIX systems, Google Test uses the POSIX Extended regular
+expression syntax
+(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression#POSIX_Extended_Regular_Expressions). On
+Windows, it uses a limited variant of regular expression syntax. For
+more details, see the [regular expression syntax](V1_5_AdvancedGuide.md#Regular_Expression_Syntax).
+
+## I have a fixture class Foo, but TEST\_F(Foo, Bar) gives me error "no matching function for call to Foo::Foo()". Why? ##
+
+Google Test needs to be able to create objects of your test fixture class, so
+it must have a default constructor. Normally the compiler will define one for
+you. However, there are cases where you have to define your own:
+  * If you explicitly declare a non-default constructor for class `Foo`, then you need to define a default constructor, even if it would be empty.
+  * If `Foo` has a const non-static data member, then you have to define the default constructor _and_ initialize the const member in the initializer list of the constructor. (Early versions of `gcc` doesn't force you to initialize the const member. It's a bug that has been fixed in `gcc 4`.)
+
+## Why does ASSERT\_DEATH complain about previous threads that were already joined? ##
+
+With the Linux pthread library, there is no turning back once you cross the
+line from single thread to multiple threads. The first time you create a
+thread, a manager thread is created in addition, so you get 3, not 2, threads.
+Later when the thread you create joins the main thread, the thread count
+decrements by 1, but the manager thread will never be killed, so you still have
+2 threads, which means you cannot safely run a death test.
+
+The new NPTL thread library doesn't suffer from this problem, as it doesn't
+create a manager thread. However, if you don't control which machine your test
+runs on, you shouldn't depend on this.
+
+## Why does Google Test require the entire test case, instead of individual tests, to be named FOODeathTest when it uses ASSERT\_DEATH? ##
+
+Google Test does not interleave tests from different test cases. That is, it
+runs all tests in one test case first, and then runs all tests in the next test
+case, and so on. Google Test does this because it needs to set up a test case
+before the first test in it is run, and tear it down afterwords. Splitting up
+the test case would require multiple set-up and tear-down processes, which is
+inefficient and makes the semantics unclean.
+
+If we were to determine the order of tests based on test name instead of test
+case name, then we would have a problem with the following situation:
+
+```
+TEST_F(FooTest, AbcDeathTest) { ... }
+TEST_F(FooTest, Uvw) { ... }
+
+TEST_F(BarTest, DefDeathTest) { ... }
+TEST_F(BarTest, Xyz) { ... }
+```
+
+Since `FooTest.AbcDeathTest` needs to run before `BarTest.Xyz`, and we don't
+interleave tests from different test cases, we need to run all tests in the
+`FooTest` case before running any test in the `BarTest` case. This contradicts
+with the requirement to run `BarTest.DefDeathTest` before `FooTest.Uvw`.
+
+## But I don't like calling my entire test case FOODeathTest when it contains both death tests and non-death tests. What do I do? ##
+
+You don't have to, but if you like, you may split up the test case into
+`FooTest` and `FooDeathTest`, where the names make it clear that they are
+related:
+
+```
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test { ... };
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Abc) { ... }
+TEST_F(FooTest, Def) { ... }
+
+typedef FooTest FooDeathTest;
+
+TEST_F(FooDeathTest, Uvw) { ... EXPECT_DEATH(...) ... }
+TEST_F(FooDeathTest, Xyz) { ... ASSERT_DEATH(...) ... }
+```
+
+## The compiler complains about "no match for 'operator<<'" when I use an assertion. What gives? ##
+
+If you use a user-defined type `FooType` in an assertion, you must make sure
+there is an `std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const FooType&)` function
+defined such that we can print a value of `FooType`.
+
+In addition, if `FooType` is declared in a name space, the `<<` operator also
+needs to be defined in the _same_ name space.
+
+## How do I suppress the memory leak messages on Windows? ##
+
+Since the statically initialized Google Test singleton requires allocations on
+the heap, the Visual C++ memory leak detector will report memory leaks at the
+end of the program run. The easiest way to avoid this is to use the
+`_CrtMemCheckpoint` and `_CrtMemDumpAllObjectsSince` calls to not report any
+statically initialized heap objects. See MSDN for more details and additional
+heap check/debug routines.
+
+## I am building my project with Google Test in Visual Studio and all I'm getting is a bunch of linker errors (or warnings). Help! ##
+
+You may get a number of the following linker error or warnings if you
+attempt to link your test project with the Google Test library when
+your project and the are not built using the same compiler settings.
+
+  * LNK2005: symbol already defined in object
+  * LNK4217: locally defined symbol 'symbol' imported in function 'function'
+  * LNK4049: locally defined symbol 'symbol' imported
+
+The Google Test project (gtest.vcproj) has the Runtime Library option
+set to /MT (use multi-threaded static libraries, /MTd for debug). If
+your project uses something else, for example /MD (use multi-threaded
+DLLs, /MDd for debug), you need to change the setting in the Google
+Test project to match your project's.
+
+To update this setting open the project properties in the Visual
+Studio IDE then select the branch Configuration Properties | C/C++ |
+Code Generation and change the option "Runtime Library".  You may also try
+using gtest-md.vcproj instead of gtest.vcproj.
+
+## I put my tests in a library and Google Test doesn't run them. What's happening? ##
+Have you read a
+[warning](V1_5_Primer.md#important-note-for-visual-c-users) on
+the Google Test Primer page?
+
+## I want to use Google Test with Visual Studio but don't know where to start. ##
+Many people are in your position and one of the posted his solution to
+our mailing list. Here is his link:
+http://hassanjamilahmad.blogspot.com/2009/07/gtest-starters-help.html.
+
+## My question is not covered in your FAQ! ##
+
+If you cannot find the answer to your question in this FAQ, there are
+some other resources you can use:
+
+  1. read other [wiki pages](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/w/list),
+  1. search the mailing list [archive](http://groups.google.com/group/googletestframework/topics),
+  1. ask it on [googletestframework@googlegroups.com](mailto:googletestframework@googlegroups.com) and someone will answer it (to prevent spam, we require you to join the [discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googletestframework) before you can post.).
+
+Please note that creating an issue in the
+[issue tracker](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/issues/list) is _not_
+a good way to get your answer, as it is monitored infrequently by a
+very small number of people.
+
+When asking a question, it's helpful to provide as much of the
+following information as possible (people cannot help you if there's
+not enough information in your question):
+
+  * the version (or the revision number if you check out from SVN directly) of Google Test you use (Google Test is under active development, so it's possible that your problem has been solved in a later version),
+  * your operating system,
+  * the name and version of your compiler,
+  * the complete command line flags you give to your compiler,
+  * the complete compiler error messages (if the question is about compilation),
+  * the _actual_ code (ideally, a minimal but complete program) that has the problem you encounter.
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_5_Primer.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_5_Primer.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6960d2ce4c34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_5_Primer.md
@@ -0,0 +1,497 @@
+
+
+# Introduction: Why Google C++ Testing Framework? #
+
+_Google C++ Testing Framework_ helps you write better C++ tests.
+
+No matter whether you work on Linux, Windows, or a Mac, if you write C++ code,
+Google Test can help you.
+
+So what makes a good test, and how does Google C++ Testing Framework fit in? We believe:
+  1. Tests should be _independent_ and _repeatable_. It's a pain to debug a test that succeeds or fails as a result of other tests.  Google C++ Testing Framework isolates the tests by running each of them on a different object. When a test fails, Google C++ Testing Framework allows you to run it in isolation for quick debugging.
+  1. Tests should be well _organized_ and reflect the structure of the tested code.  Google C++ Testing Framework groups related tests into test cases that can share data and subroutines. This common pattern is easy to recognize and makes tests easy to maintain. Such consistency is especially helpful when people switch projects and start to work on a new code base.
+  1. Tests should be _portable_ and _reusable_. The open-source community has a lot of code that is platform-neutral, its tests should also be platform-neutral.  Google C++ Testing Framework works on different OSes, with different compilers (gcc, MSVC, and others), with or without exceptions, so Google C++ Testing Framework tests can easily work with a variety of configurations.  (Note that the current release only contains build scripts for Linux - we are actively working on scripts for other platforms.)
+  1. When tests fail, they should provide as much _information_ about the problem as possible. Google C++ Testing Framework doesn't stop at the first test failure. Instead, it only stops the current test and continues with the next. You can also set up tests that report non-fatal failures after which the current test continues. Thus, you can detect and fix multiple bugs in a single run-edit-compile cycle.
+  1. The testing framework should liberate test writers from housekeeping chores and let them focus on the test _content_.  Google C++ Testing Framework automatically keeps track of all tests defined, and doesn't require the user to enumerate them in order to run them.
+  1. Tests should be _fast_. With Google C++ Testing Framework, you can reuse shared resources across tests and pay for the set-up/tear-down only once, without making tests depend on each other.
+
+Since Google C++ Testing Framework is based on the popular xUnit
+architecture, you'll feel right at home if you've used JUnit or PyUnit before.
+If not, it will take you about 10 minutes to learn the basics and get started.
+So let's go!
+
+_Note:_ We sometimes refer to Google C++ Testing Framework informally
+as _Google Test_.
+
+# Setting up a New Test Project #
+
+To write a test program using Google Test, you need to compile Google
+Test into a library and link your test with it.  We provide build
+files for some popular build systems (`msvc/` for Visual Studio,
+`xcode/` for Mac Xcode, `make/` for GNU make, `codegear/` for Borland
+C++ Builder, and the autotools script in the
+Google Test root directory).  If your build system is not on this
+list, you can take a look at `make/Makefile` to learn how Google Test
+should be compiled (basically you want to compile `src/gtest-all.cc`
+with `GTEST_ROOT` and `GTEST_ROOT/include` in the header search path,
+where `GTEST_ROOT` is the Google Test root directory).
+
+Once you are able to compile the Google Test library, you should
+create a project or build target for your test program.  Make sure you
+have `GTEST_ROOT/include` in the header search path so that the
+compiler can find `<gtest/gtest.h>` when compiling your test.  Set up
+your test project to link with the Google Test library (for example,
+in Visual Studio, this is done by adding a dependency on
+`gtest.vcproj`).
+
+If you still have questions, take a look at how Google Test's own
+tests are built and use them as examples.
+
+# Basic Concepts #
+
+When using Google Test, you start by writing _assertions_, which are statements
+that check whether a condition is true. An assertion's result can be _success_,
+_nonfatal failure_, or _fatal failure_. If a fatal failure occurs, it aborts
+the current function; otherwise the program continues normally.
+
+_Tests_ use assertions to verify the tested code's behavior. If a test crashes
+or has a failed assertion, then it _fails_; otherwise it _succeeds_.
+
+A _test case_ contains one or many tests. You should group your tests into test
+cases that reflect the structure of the tested code. When multiple tests in a
+test case need to share common objects and subroutines, you can put them into a
+_test fixture_ class.
+
+A _test program_ can contain multiple test cases.
+
+We'll now explain how to write a test program, starting at the individual
+assertion level and building up to tests and test cases.
+
+# Assertions #
+
+Google Test assertions are macros that resemble function calls. You test a
+class or function by making assertions about its behavior. When an assertion
+fails, Google Test prints the assertion's source file and line number location,
+along with a failure message. You may also supply a custom failure message
+which will be appended to Google Test's message.
+
+The assertions come in pairs that test the same thing but have different
+effects on the current function. `ASSERT_*` versions generate fatal failures
+when they fail, and **abort the current function**. `EXPECT_*` versions generate
+nonfatal failures, which don't abort the current function. Usually `EXPECT_*`
+are preferred, as they allow more than one failures to be reported in a test.
+However, you should use `ASSERT_*` if it doesn't make sense to continue when
+the assertion in question fails.
+
+Since a failed `ASSERT_*` returns from the current function immediately,
+possibly skipping clean-up code that comes after it, it may cause a space leak.
+Depending on the nature of the leak, it may or may not be worth fixing - so
+keep this in mind if you get a heap checker error in addition to assertion
+errors.
+
+To provide a custom failure message, simply stream it into the macro using the
+`<<` operator, or a sequence of such operators. An example:
+```
+ASSERT_EQ(x.size(), y.size()) << "Vectors x and y are of unequal length";
+
+for (int i = 0; i < x.size(); ++i) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(x[i], y[i]) << "Vectors x and y differ at index " << i;
+}
+```
+
+Anything that can be streamed to an `ostream` can be streamed to an assertion
+macro--in particular, C strings and `string` objects. If a wide string
+(`wchar_t*`, `TCHAR*` in `UNICODE` mode on Windows, or `std::wstring`) is
+streamed to an assertion, it will be translated to UTF-8 when printed.
+
+## Basic Assertions ##
+
+These assertions do basic true/false condition testing.
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_TRUE(`_condition_`)`;  | `EXPECT_TRUE(`_condition_`)`;   | _condition_ is true |
+| `ASSERT_FALSE(`_condition_`)`; | `EXPECT_FALSE(`_condition_`)`;  | _condition_ is false |
+
+Remember, when they fail, `ASSERT_*` yields a fatal failure and
+returns from the current function, while `EXPECT_*` yields a nonfatal
+failure, allowing the function to continue running. In either case, an
+assertion failure means its containing test fails.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## Binary Comparison ##
+
+This section describes assertions that compare two values.
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+|`ASSERT_EQ(`_expected_`, `_actual_`);`|`EXPECT_EQ(`_expected_`, `_actual_`);`| _expected_ `==` _actual_ |
+|`ASSERT_NE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      |`EXPECT_NE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      | _val1_ `!=` _val2_ |
+|`ASSERT_LT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      |`EXPECT_LT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      | _val1_ `<` _val2_ |
+|`ASSERT_LE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      |`EXPECT_LE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      | _val1_ `<=` _val2_ |
+|`ASSERT_GT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      |`EXPECT_GT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      | _val1_ `>` _val2_ |
+|`ASSERT_GE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      |`EXPECT_GE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      | _val1_ `>=` _val2_ |
+
+In the event of a failure, Google Test prints both _val1_ and _val2_
+. In `ASSERT_EQ*` and `EXPECT_EQ*` (and all other equality assertions
+we'll introduce later), you should put the expression you want to test
+in the position of _actual_, and put its expected value in _expected_,
+as Google Test's failure messages are optimized for this convention.
+
+Value arguments must be comparable by the assertion's comparison operator or
+you'll get a compiler error. Values must also support the `<<` operator for
+streaming to an `ostream`. All built-in types support this.
+
+These assertions can work with a user-defined type, but only if you define the
+corresponding comparison operator (e.g. `==`, `<`, etc).  If the corresponding
+operator is defined, prefer using the `ASSERT_*()` macros because they will
+print out not only the result of the comparison, but the two operands as well.
+
+Arguments are always evaluated exactly once. Therefore, it's OK for the
+arguments to have side effects. However, as with any ordinary C/C++ function,
+the arguments' evaluation order is undefined (i.e. the compiler is free to
+choose any order) and your code should not depend on any particular argument
+evaluation order.
+
+`ASSERT_EQ()` does pointer equality on pointers. If used on two C strings, it
+tests if they are in the same memory location, not if they have the same value.
+Therefore, if you want to compare C strings (e.g. `const char*`) by value, use
+`ASSERT_STREQ()` , which will be described later on. In particular, to assert
+that a C string is `NULL`, use `ASSERT_STREQ(NULL, c_string)` . However, to
+compare two `string` objects, you should use `ASSERT_EQ`.
+
+Macros in this section work with both narrow and wide string objects (`string`
+and `wstring`).
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## String Comparison ##
+
+The assertions in this group compare two **C strings**. If you want to compare
+two `string` objects, use `EXPECT_EQ`, `EXPECT_NE`, and etc instead.
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_STREQ(`_expected\_str_`, `_actual\_str_`);`    | `EXPECT_STREQ(`_expected\_str_`, `_actual\_str_`);`     | the two C strings have the same content |
+| `ASSERT_STRNE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);`    | `EXPECT_STRNE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);`     | the two C strings have different content |
+| `ASSERT_STRCASEEQ(`_expected\_str_`, `_actual\_str_`);`| `EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(`_expected\_str_`, `_actual\_str_`);` | the two C strings have the same content, ignoring case |
+| `ASSERT_STRCASENE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);`| `EXPECT_STRCASENE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);` | the two C strings have different content, ignoring case |
+
+Note that "CASE" in an assertion name means that case is ignored.
+
+`*STREQ*` and `*STRNE*` also accept wide C strings (`wchar_t*`). If a
+comparison of two wide strings fails, their values will be printed as UTF-8
+narrow strings.
+
+A `NULL` pointer and an empty string are considered _different_.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+See also: For more string comparison tricks (substring, prefix, suffix, and
+regular expression matching, for example), see the [AdvancedGuide Advanced
+Google Test Guide].
+
+# Simple Tests #
+
+To create a test:
+  1. Use the `TEST()` macro to define and name a test function, These are ordinary C++ functions that don't return a value.
+  1. In this function, along with any valid C++ statements you want to include, use the various Google Test assertions to check values.
+  1. The test's result is determined by the assertions; if any assertion in the test fails (either fatally or non-fatally), or if the test crashes, the entire test fails. Otherwise, it succeeds.
+
+```
+TEST(test_case_name, test_name) {
+ ... test body ...
+}
+```
+
+
+`TEST()` arguments go from general to specific. The _first_ argument is the
+name of the test case, and the _second_ argument is the test's name within the
+test case. Remember that a test case can contain any number of individual
+tests. A test's _full name_ consists of its containing test case and its
+individual name. Tests from different test cases can have the same individual
+name.
+
+For example, let's take a simple integer function:
+```
+int Factorial(int n); // Returns the factorial of n
+```
+
+A test case for this function might look like:
+```
+// Tests factorial of 0.
+TEST(FactorialTest, HandlesZeroInput) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(0));
+}
+
+// Tests factorial of positive numbers.
+TEST(FactorialTest, HandlesPositiveInput) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, Factorial(2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(6, Factorial(3));
+  EXPECT_EQ(40320, Factorial(8));
+}
+```
+
+Google Test groups the test results by test cases, so logically-related tests
+should be in the same test case; in other words, the first argument to their
+`TEST()` should be the same. In the above example, we have two tests,
+`HandlesZeroInput` and `HandlesPositiveInput`, that belong to the same test
+case `FactorialTest`.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+# Test Fixtures: Using the Same Data Configuration for Multiple Tests #
+
+If you find yourself writing two or more tests that operate on similar data,
+you can use a _test fixture_. It allows you to reuse the same configuration of
+objects for several different tests.
+
+To create a fixture, just:
+  1. Derive a class from `::testing::Test` . Start its body with `protected:` or `public:` as we'll want to access fixture members from sub-classes.
+  1. Inside the class, declare any objects you plan to use.
+  1. If necessary, write a default constructor or `SetUp()` function to prepare the objects for each test. A common mistake is to spell `SetUp()` as `Setup()` with a small `u` - don't let that happen to you.
+  1. If necessary, write a destructor or `TearDown()` function to release any resources you allocated in `SetUp()` . To learn when you should use the constructor/destructor and when you should use `SetUp()/TearDown()`, read this [FAQ entry](V1_5_FAQ.md#should-i-use-the-constructordestructor-of-the-test-fixture-or-the-set-uptear-down-function).
+  1. If needed, define subroutines for your tests to share.
+
+When using a fixture, use `TEST_F()` instead of `TEST()` as it allows you to
+access objects and subroutines in the test fixture:
+```
+TEST_F(test_case_name, test_name) {
+ ... test body ...
+}
+```
+
+Like `TEST()`, the first argument is the test case name, but for `TEST_F()`
+this must be the name of the test fixture class. You've probably guessed: `_F`
+is for fixture.
+
+Unfortunately, the C++ macro system does not allow us to create a single macro
+that can handle both types of tests. Using the wrong macro causes a compiler
+error.
+
+Also, you must first define a test fixture class before using it in a
+`TEST_F()`, or you'll get the compiler error "`virtual outside class
+declaration`".
+
+For each test defined with `TEST_F()`, Google Test will:
+  1. Create a _fresh_ test fixture at runtime
+  1. Immediately initialize it via `SetUp()` ,
+  1. Run the test
+  1. Clean up by calling `TearDown()`
+  1. Delete the test fixture.  Note that different tests in the same test case have different test fixture objects, and Google Test always deletes a test fixture before it creates the next one. Google Test does not reuse the same test fixture for multiple tests. Any changes one test makes to the fixture do not affect other tests.
+
+As an example, let's write tests for a FIFO queue class named `Queue`, which
+has the following interface:
+```
+template <typename E> // E is the element type.
+class Queue {
+ public:
+  Queue();
+  void Enqueue(const E& element);
+  E* Dequeue(); // Returns NULL if the queue is empty.
+  size_t size() const;
+  ...
+};
+```
+
+First, define a fixture class. By convention, you should give it the name
+`FooTest` where `Foo` is the class being tested.
+```
+class QueueTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    q1_.Enqueue(1);
+    q2_.Enqueue(2);
+    q2_.Enqueue(3);
+  }
+
+  // virtual void TearDown() {}
+
+  Queue<int> q0_;
+  Queue<int> q1_;
+  Queue<int> q2_;
+};
+```
+
+In this case, `TearDown()` is not needed since we don't have to clean up after
+each test, other than what's already done by the destructor.
+
+Now we'll write tests using `TEST_F()` and this fixture.
+```
+TEST_F(QueueTest, IsEmptyInitially) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, q0_.size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(QueueTest, DequeueWorks) {
+  int* n = q0_.Dequeue();
+  EXPECT_EQ(NULL, n);
+
+  n = q1_.Dequeue();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, *n);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, q1_.size());
+  delete n;
+
+  n = q2_.Dequeue();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, *n);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, q2_.size());
+  delete n;
+}
+```
+
+The above uses both `ASSERT_*` and `EXPECT_*` assertions. The rule of thumb is
+to use `EXPECT_*` when you want the test to continue to reveal more errors
+after the assertion failure, and use `ASSERT_*` when continuing after failure
+doesn't make sense. For example, the second assertion in the `Dequeue` test is
+`ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL)`, as we need to dereference the pointer `n` later,
+which would lead to a segfault when `n` is `NULL`.
+
+When these tests run, the following happens:
+  1. Google Test constructs a `QueueTest` object (let's call it `t1` ).
+  1. `t1.SetUp()` initializes `t1` .
+  1. The first test ( `IsEmptyInitially` ) runs on `t1` .
+  1. `t1.TearDown()` cleans up after the test finishes.
+  1. `t1` is destructed.
+  1. The above steps are repeated on another `QueueTest` object, this time running the `DequeueWorks` test.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+_Note_: Google Test automatically saves all _Google Test_ flags when a test
+object is constructed, and restores them when it is destructed.
+
+# Invoking the Tests #
+
+`TEST()` and `TEST_F()` implicitly register their tests with Google Test. So, unlike with many other C++ testing frameworks, you don't have to re-list all your defined tests in order to run them.
+
+After defining your tests, you can run them with `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` , which returns `0` if all the tests are successful, or `1` otherwise. Note that `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` runs _all tests_ in your link unit -- they can be from different test cases, or even different source files.
+
+When invoked, the `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` macro:
+  1. Saves the state of all  Google Test flags.
+  1. Creates a test fixture object for the first test.
+  1. Initializes it via `SetUp()`.
+  1. Runs the test on the fixture object.
+  1. Cleans up the fixture via `TearDown()`.
+  1. Deletes the fixture.
+  1. Restores the state of all Google Test flags.
+  1. Repeats the above steps for the next test, until all tests have run.
+
+In addition, if the text fixture's constructor generates a fatal failure in
+step 2, there is no point for step 3 - 5 and they are thus skipped. Similarly,
+if step 3 generates a fatal failure, step 4 will be skipped.
+
+_Important_: You must not ignore the return value of `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`, or `gcc`
+will give you a compiler error. The rationale for this design is that the
+automated testing service determines whether a test has passed based on its
+exit code, not on its stdout/stderr output; thus your `main()` function must
+return the value of `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`.
+
+Also, you should call `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` only **once**. Calling it more than once
+conflicts with some advanced Google Test features (e.g. thread-safe death
+tests) and thus is not supported.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+# Writing the main() Function #
+
+You can start from this boilerplate:
+```
+#include "this/package/foo.h"
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace {
+
+// The fixture for testing class Foo.
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  // You can remove any or all of the following functions if its body
+  // is empty.
+
+  FooTest() {
+    // You can do set-up work for each test here.
+  }
+
+  virtual ~FooTest() {
+    // You can do clean-up work that doesn't throw exceptions here.
+  }
+
+  // If the constructor and destructor are not enough for setting up
+  // and cleaning up each test, you can define the following methods:
+
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    // Code here will be called immediately after the constructor (right
+    // before each test).
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    // Code here will be called immediately after each test (right
+    // before the destructor).
+  }
+
+  // Objects declared here can be used by all tests in the test case for Foo.
+};
+
+// Tests that the Foo::Bar() method does Abc.
+TEST_F(FooTest, MethodBarDoesAbc) {
+  const string input_filepath = "this/package/testdata/myinputfile.dat";
+  const string output_filepath = "this/package/testdata/myoutputfile.dat";
+  Foo f;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, f.Bar(input_filepath, output_filepath));
+}
+
+// Tests that Foo does Xyz.
+TEST_F(FooTest, DoesXyz) {
+  // Exercises the Xyz feature of Foo.
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
+```
+
+The `::testing::InitGoogleTest()` function parses the command line for Google
+Test flags, and removes all recognized flags. This allows the user to control a
+test program's behavior via various flags, which we'll cover in [AdvancedGuide](V1_5_AdvancedGuide.md).
+You must call this function before calling `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`, or the flags
+won't be properly initialized.
+
+On Windows, `InitGoogleTest()` also works with wide strings, so it can be used
+in programs compiled in `UNICODE` mode as well.
+
+But maybe you think that writing all those main() functions is too much work? We agree with you completely and that's why Google Test provides a basic implementation of main(). If it fits your needs, then just link your test with gtest\_main library and you are good to go.
+
+## Important note for Visual C++ users ##
+If you put your tests into a library and your `main()` function is in a different library or in your .exe file, those tests will not run. The reason is a [bug](https://connect.microsoft.com/feedback/viewfeedback.aspx?FeedbackID=244410&siteid=210) in Visual C++. When you define your tests, Google Test creates certain static objects to register them. These objects are not referenced from elsewhere but their constructors are still supposed to run. When Visual C++ linker sees that nothing in the library is referenced from other places it throws the library out. You have to reference your library with tests from your main program to keep the linker from discarding it. Here is how to do it. Somewhere in your library code declare a function:
+```
+__declspec(dllexport) int PullInMyLibrary() { return 0; }
+```
+If you put your tests in a static library (not DLL) then `__declspec(dllexport)` is not required. Now, in your main program, write a code that invokes that function:
+```
+int PullInMyLibrary();
+static int dummy = PullInMyLibrary();
+```
+This will keep your tests referenced and will make them register themselves at startup.
+
+In addition, if you define your tests in a static library, add `/OPT:NOREF` to your main program linker options. If you use MSVC++ IDE, go to your .exe project properties/Configuration Properties/Linker/Optimization and set References setting to `Keep Unreferenced Data (/OPT:NOREF)`. This will keep Visual C++ linker from discarding individual symbols generated by your tests from the final executable.
+
+There is one more pitfall, though. If you use Google Test as a static library (that's how it is defined in gtest.vcproj) your tests must also reside in a static library. If you have to have them in a DLL, you _must_ change Google Test to build into a DLL as well. Otherwise your tests will not run correctly or will not run at all. The general conclusion here is: make your life easier - do not write your tests in libraries!
+
+# Where to Go from Here #
+
+Congratulations! You've learned the Google Test basics. You can start writing
+and running Google Test tests, read some [samples](Samples.md), or continue with
+[AdvancedGuide](V1_5_AdvancedGuide.md), which describes many more useful Google Test features.
+
+# Known Limitations #
+
+Google Test is designed to be thread-safe.  The implementation is
+thread-safe on systems where the `pthreads` library is available.  It
+is currently _unsafe_ to use Google Test assertions from two threads
+concurrently on other systems (e.g. Windows).  In most tests this is
+not an issue as usually the assertions are done in the main thread. If
+you want to help, you can volunteer to implement the necessary
+synchronization primitives in `gtest-port.h` for your platform.
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_5_PumpManual.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_5_PumpManual.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..15710789ddd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_5_PumpManual.md
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+
+
+<b>P</b>ump is <b>U</b>seful for <b>M</b>eta <b>P</b>rogramming.
+
+# The Problem #
+
+Template and macro libraries often need to define many classes,
+functions, or macros that vary only (or almost only) in the number of
+arguments they take. It's a lot of repetitive, mechanical, and
+error-prone work.
+
+Variadic templates and variadic macros can alleviate the problem.
+However, while both are being considered by the C++ committee, neither
+is in the standard yet or widely supported by compilers.  Thus they
+are often not a good choice, especially when your code needs to be
+portable. And their capabilities are still limited.
+
+As a result, authors of such libraries often have to write scripts to
+generate their implementation. However, our experience is that it's
+tedious to write such scripts, which tend to reflect the structure of
+the generated code poorly and are often hard to read and edit. For
+example, a small change needed in the generated code may require some
+non-intuitive, non-trivial changes in the script. This is especially
+painful when experimenting with the code.
+
+# Our Solution #
+
+Pump (for Pump is Useful for Meta Programming, Pretty Useful for Meta
+Programming, or Practical Utility for Meta Programming, whichever you
+prefer) is a simple meta-programming tool for C++. The idea is that a
+programmer writes a `foo.pump` file which contains C++ code plus meta
+code that manipulates the C++ code. The meta code can handle
+iterations over a range, nested iterations, local meta variable
+definitions, simple arithmetic, and conditional expressions. You can
+view it as a small Domain-Specific Language. The meta language is
+designed to be non-intrusive (s.t. it won't confuse Emacs' C++ mode,
+for example) and concise, making Pump code intuitive and easy to
+maintain.
+
+## Highlights ##
+
+  * The implementation is in a single Python script and thus ultra portable: no build or installation is needed and it works cross platforms.
+  * Pump tries to be smart with respect to [Google's style guide](http://code.google.com/p/google-styleguide/): it breaks long lines (easy to have when they are generated) at acceptable places to fit within 80 columns and indent the continuation lines correctly.
+  * The format is human-readable and more concise than XML.
+  * The format works relatively well with Emacs' C++ mode.
+
+## Examples ##
+
+The following Pump code (where meta keywords start with `$`, `[[` and `]]` are meta brackets, and `$$` starts a meta comment that ends with the line):
+
+```
+$var n = 3     $$ Defines a meta variable n.
+$range i 0..n  $$ Declares the range of meta iterator i (inclusive).
+$for i [[
+               $$ Meta loop.
+// Foo$i does blah for $i-ary predicates.
+$range j 1..i
+template <size_t N $for j [[, typename A$j]]>
+class Foo$i {
+$if i == 0 [[
+  blah a;
+]] $elif i <= 2 [[
+  blah b;
+]] $else [[
+  blah c;
+]]
+};
+
+]]
+```
+
+will be translated by the Pump compiler to:
+
+```
+// Foo0 does blah for 0-ary predicates.
+template <size_t N>
+class Foo0 {
+  blah a;
+};
+
+// Foo1 does blah for 1-ary predicates.
+template <size_t N, typename A1>
+class Foo1 {
+  blah b;
+};
+
+// Foo2 does blah for 2-ary predicates.
+template <size_t N, typename A1, typename A2>
+class Foo2 {
+  blah b;
+};
+
+// Foo3 does blah for 3-ary predicates.
+template <size_t N, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3>
+class Foo3 {
+  blah c;
+};
+```
+
+In another example,
+
+```
+$range i 1..n
+Func($for i + [[a$i]]);
+$$ The text between i and [[ is the separator between iterations.
+```
+
+will generate one of the following lines (without the comments), depending on the value of `n`:
+
+```
+Func();              // If n is 0.
+Func(a1);            // If n is 1.
+Func(a1 + a2);       // If n is 2.
+Func(a1 + a2 + a3);  // If n is 3.
+// And so on...
+```
+
+## Constructs ##
+
+We support the following meta programming constructs:
+
+| `$var id = exp` | Defines a named constant value. `$id` is valid util the end of the current meta lexical block. |
+|:----------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| $range id exp..exp | Sets the range of an iteration variable, which can be reused in multiple loops later.          |
+| $for id sep [[code ](.md)] | Iteration. The range of `id` must have been defined earlier. `$id` is valid in `code`.         |
+| `$($)`          | Generates a single `$` character.                                                              |
+| `$id`           | Value of the named constant or iteration variable.                                             |
+| `$(exp)`        | Value of the expression.                                                                       |
+| `$if exp [[ code ]] else_branch` | Conditional.                                                                                   |
+| `[[ code ]]`    | Meta lexical block.                                                                            |
+| `cpp_code`      | Raw C++ code.                                                                                  |
+| `$$ comment`    | Meta comment.                                                                                  |
+
+**Note:** To give the user some freedom in formatting the Pump source
+code, Pump ignores a new-line character if it's right after `$for foo`
+or next to `[[` or `]]`. Without this rule you'll often be forced to write
+very long lines to get the desired output. Therefore sometimes you may
+need to insert an extra new-line in such places for a new-line to show
+up in your output.
+
+## Grammar ##
+
+```
+code ::= atomic_code*
+atomic_code ::= $var id = exp
+    | $var id = [[ code ]]
+    | $range id exp..exp
+    | $for id sep [[ code ]]
+    | $($)
+    | $id
+    | $(exp)
+    | $if exp [[ code ]] else_branch
+    | [[ code ]]
+    | cpp_code
+sep ::= cpp_code | empty_string
+else_branch ::= $else [[ code ]]
+    | $elif exp [[ code ]] else_branch
+    | empty_string
+exp ::= simple_expression_in_Python_syntax
+```
+
+## Code ##
+
+You can find the source code of Pump in [scripts/pump.py](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/source/browse/trunk/scripts/pump.py). It is still
+very unpolished and lacks automated tests, although it has been
+successfully used many times. If you find a chance to use it in your
+project, please let us know what you think!  We also welcome help on
+improving Pump.
+
+## Real Examples ##
+
+You can find real-world applications of Pump in [Google Test](http://www.google.com/codesearch?q=file%3A\.pump%24+package%3Ahttp%3A%2F%2Fgoogletest\.googlecode\.com) and [Google Mock](http://www.google.com/codesearch?q=file%3A\.pump%24+package%3Ahttp%3A%2F%2Fgooglemock\.googlecode\.com).  The source file `foo.h.pump` generates `foo.h`.
+
+## Tips ##
+
+  * If a meta variable is followed by a letter or digit, you can separate them using `[[]]`, which inserts an empty string. For example `Foo$j[[]]Helper` generate `Foo1Helper` when `j` is 1.
+  * To avoid extra-long Pump source lines, you can break a line anywhere you want by inserting `[[]]` followed by a new line. Since any new-line character next to `[[` or `]]` is ignored, the generated code won't contain this new line.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_5_XcodeGuide.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_5_XcodeGuide.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bf24bf51bfc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_5_XcodeGuide.md
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+
+
+This guide will explain how to use the Google Testing Framework in your Xcode projects on Mac OS X. This tutorial begins by quickly explaining what to do for experienced users. After the quick start, the guide goes provides additional explanation about each step.
+
+# Quick Start #
+
+Here is the quick guide for using Google Test in your Xcode project.
+
+  1. Download the source from the [website](http://code.google.com/p/googletest) using this command: `svn checkout http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ googletest-read-only`
+  1. Open up the `gtest.xcodeproj` in the `googletest-read-only/xcode/` directory and build the gtest.framework.
+  1. Create a new "Shell Tool" target in your Xcode project called something like "UnitTests"
+  1. Add the gtest.framework to your project and add it to the "Link Binary with Libraries" build phase of "UnitTests"
+  1. Add your unit test source code to the "Compile Sources" build phase of "UnitTests"
+  1. Edit the "UnitTests" executable and add an environment variable named "DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH" with a value equal to the path to the framework containing the gtest.framework relative to the compiled executable.
+  1. Build and Go
+
+The following sections further explain each of the steps listed above in depth, describing in more detail how to complete it including some variations.
+
+# Get the Source #
+
+Currently, the gtest.framework discussed here isn't available in a tagged release of Google Test, it is only available in the trunk. As explained at the Google Test [site](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/source/checkout">svn), you can get the code from anonymous SVN with this command:
+
+```
+svn checkout http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ googletest-read-only
+```
+
+Alternatively, if you are working with Subversion in your own code base, you can add Google Test as an external dependency to your own Subversion repository. By following this approach, everyone that checks out your svn repository will also receive a copy of Google Test (a specific version, if you wish) without having to check it out explicitly. This makes the set up of your project simpler and reduces the copied code in the repository.
+
+To use `svn:externals`, decide where you would like to have the external source reside. You might choose to put the external source inside the trunk, because you want it to be part of the branch when you make a release. However, keeping it outside the trunk in a version-tagged directory called something like `third-party/googletest/1.0.1`, is another option. Once the location is established, use `svn propedit svn:externals _directory_` to set the svn:externals property on a directory in your repository. This directory won't contain the code, but be its versioned parent directory.
+
+The command `svn propedit` will bring up your Subversion editor, making editing the long, (potentially multi-line) property simpler. This same method can be used to check out a tagged branch, by using the appropriate URL (e.g. `http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/tags/release-1.0.1`). Additionally, the svn:externals property allows the specification of a particular revision of the trunk with the `-r_##_` option (e.g. `externals/src/googletest -r60 http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk`).
+
+Here is an example of using the svn:externals properties on a trunk (read via `svn propget`) of a project. This value checks out a copy of Google Test into the `trunk/externals/src/googletest/` directory.
+
+```
+[Computer:svn] user$ svn propget svn:externals trunk
+externals/src/googletest http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk
+```
+
+# Add the Framework to Your Project #
+
+The next step is to build and add the gtest.framework to your own project. This guide describes two common ways below.
+
+  * **Option 1** --- The simplest way to add Google Test to your own project, is to open gtest.xcodeproj (found in the xcode/ directory of the Google Test trunk) and build the framework manually. Then, add the built framework into your project using the "Add->Existing Framework..." from the context menu or "Project->Add..." from the main menu. The gtest.framework is relocatable and contains the headers and object code that you'll need to make tests. This method requires rebuilding every time you upgrade Google Test in your project.
+  * **Option 2** --- If you are going to be living off the trunk of Google Test, incorporating its latest features into your unit tests (or are a Google Test developer yourself). You'll want to rebuild the framework every time the source updates. to do this, you'll need to add the gtest.xcodeproj file, not the framework itself, to your own Xcode project. Then, from the build products that are revealed by the project's disclosure triangle, you can find the gtest.framework, which can be added to your targets (discussed below).
+
+# Make a Test Target #
+
+To start writing tests, make a new "Shell Tool" target. This target template is available under BSD, Cocoa, or Carbon. Add your unit test source code to the "Compile Sources" build phase of the target.
+
+Next, you'll want to add gtest.framework in two different ways, depending upon which option you chose above.
+
+  * **Option 1** --- During compilation, Xcode will need to know that you are linking against the gtest.framework. Add the gtest.framework to the "Link Binary with Libraries" build phase of your test target. This will include the Google Test headers in your header search path, and will tell the linker where to find the library.
+  * **Option 2** --- If your working out of the trunk, you'll also want to add gtest.framework to your "Link Binary with Libraries" build phase of your test target. In addition, you'll  want to add the gtest.framework as a dependency to your unit test target. This way, Xcode will make sure that gtest.framework is up to date, every time your build your target. Finally, if you don't share build directories with Google Test, you'll have to copy the gtest.framework into your own build products directory using a "Run Script" build phase.
+
+# Set Up the Executable Run Environment #
+
+Since the unit test executable is a shell tool, it doesn't have a bundle with a `Contents/Frameworks` directory, in which to place gtest.framework. Instead, the dynamic linker must be told at runtime to search for the framework in another location. This can be accomplished by setting the "DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH" environment variable in the "Edit Active Executable ..." Arguments tab, under "Variables to be set in the environment:". The path for this value is the path (relative or absolute) of the directory containing the gtest.framework.
+
+If you haven't set up the DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH, correctly, you might get a message like this:
+
+```
+[Session started at 2008-08-15 06:23:57 -0600.]
+  dyld: Library not loaded: @loader_path/../Frameworks/gtest.framework/Versions/A/gtest
+    Referenced from: /Users/username/Documents/Sandbox/gtestSample/build/Debug/WidgetFrameworkTest
+    Reason: image not found
+```
+
+To correct this problem, got to the directory containing the executable named in "Referenced from:" value in the error message above. Then, with the terminal in this location, find the relative path to the directory containing the gtest.framework. That is the value you'll need to set as the DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH.
+
+# Build and Go #
+
+Now, when you click "Build and Go", the test will be executed. Dumping out something like this:
+
+```
+[Session started at 2008-08-06 06:36:13 -0600.]
+[==========] Running 2 tests from 1 test case.
+[----------] Global test environment set-up.
+[----------] 2 tests from WidgetInitializerTest
+[ RUN      ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConstructor
+[       OK ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConstructor
+[ RUN      ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConversion
+[       OK ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConversion
+[----------] Global test environment tear-down
+[==========] 2 tests from 1 test case ran.
+[  PASSED  ] 2 tests.
+
+The Debugger has exited with status 0.  
+```
+
+# Summary #
+
+Unit testing is a valuable way to ensure your data model stays valid even during rapid development or refactoring. The Google Testing Framework is a great unit testing framework for C and C++ which integrates well with an Xcode development environment.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_6_AdvancedGuide.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_6_AdvancedGuide.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..78864b1667c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_6_AdvancedGuide.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2178 @@
+
+
+Now that you have read [Primer](V1_6_Primer.md) and learned how to write tests
+using Google Test, it's time to learn some new tricks. This document
+will show you more assertions as well as how to construct complex
+failure messages, propagate fatal failures, reuse and speed up your
+test fixtures, and use various flags with your tests.
+
+# More Assertions #
+
+This section covers some less frequently used, but still significant,
+assertions.
+
+## Explicit Success and Failure ##
+
+These three assertions do not actually test a value or expression. Instead,
+they generate a success or failure directly. Like the macros that actually
+perform a test, you may stream a custom failure message into the them.
+
+| `SUCCEED();` |
+|:-------------|
+
+Generates a success. This does NOT make the overall test succeed. A test is
+considered successful only if none of its assertions fail during its execution.
+
+Note: `SUCCEED()` is purely documentary and currently doesn't generate any
+user-visible output. However, we may add `SUCCEED()` messages to Google Test's
+output in the future.
+
+| `FAIL();`  | `ADD_FAILURE();` | `ADD_FAILURE_AT("`_file\_path_`", `_line\_number_`);` |
+|:-----------|:-----------------|:------------------------------------------------------|
+
+`FAIL()` generates a fatal failure, while `ADD_FAILURE()` and `ADD_FAILURE_AT()` generate a nonfatal
+failure. These are useful when control flow, rather than a Boolean expression,
+deteremines the test's success or failure. For example, you might want to write
+something like:
+
+```
+switch(expression) {
+  case 1: ... some checks ...
+  case 2: ... some other checks
+  ...
+  default: FAIL() << "We shouldn't get here.";
+}
+```
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## Exception Assertions ##
+
+These are for verifying that a piece of code throws (or does not
+throw) an exception of the given type:
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_THROW(`_statement_, _exception\_type_`);`  | `EXPECT_THROW(`_statement_, _exception\_type_`);`  | _statement_ throws an exception of the given type  |
+| `ASSERT_ANY_THROW(`_statement_`);`                | `EXPECT_ANY_THROW(`_statement_`);`                | _statement_ throws an exception of any type        |
+| `ASSERT_NO_THROW(`_statement_`);`                 | `EXPECT_NO_THROW(`_statement_`);`                 | _statement_ doesn't throw any exception            |
+
+Examples:
+
+```
+ASSERT_THROW(Foo(5), bar_exception);
+
+EXPECT_NO_THROW({
+  int n = 5;
+  Bar(&n);
+});
+```
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac; since version 1.1.0.
+
+## Predicate Assertions for Better Error Messages ##
+
+Even though Google Test has a rich set of assertions, they can never be
+complete, as it's impossible (nor a good idea) to anticipate all the scenarios
+a user might run into. Therefore, sometimes a user has to use `EXPECT_TRUE()`
+to check a complex expression, for lack of a better macro. This has the problem
+of not showing you the values of the parts of the expression, making it hard to
+understand what went wrong. As a workaround, some users choose to construct the
+failure message by themselves, streaming it into `EXPECT_TRUE()`. However, this
+is awkward especially when the expression has side-effects or is expensive to
+evaluate.
+
+Google Test gives you three different options to solve this problem:
+
+### Using an Existing Boolean Function ###
+
+If you already have a function or a functor that returns `bool` (or a type
+that can be implicitly converted to `bool`), you can use it in a _predicate
+assertion_ to get the function arguments printed for free:
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_PRED1(`_pred1, val1_`);`       | `EXPECT_PRED1(`_pred1, val1_`);` | _pred1(val1)_ returns true |
+| `ASSERT_PRED2(`_pred2, val1, val2_`);` | `EXPECT_PRED2(`_pred2, val1, val2_`);` |  _pred2(val1, val2)_ returns true |
+|  ...                | ...                    | ...          |
+
+In the above, _predn_ is an _n_-ary predicate function or functor, where
+_val1_, _val2_, ..., and _valn_ are its arguments. The assertion succeeds
+if the predicate returns `true` when applied to the given arguments, and fails
+otherwise. When the assertion fails, it prints the value of each argument. In
+either case, the arguments are evaluated exactly once.
+
+Here's an example. Given
+
+```
+// Returns true iff m and n have no common divisors except 1.
+bool MutuallyPrime(int m, int n) { ... }
+const int a = 3;
+const int b = 4;
+const int c = 10;
+```
+
+the assertion `EXPECT_PRED2(MutuallyPrime, a, b);` will succeed, while the
+assertion `EXPECT_PRED2(MutuallyPrime, b, c);` will fail with the message
+
+<pre>
+!MutuallyPrime(b, c) is false, where<br>
+b is 4<br>
+c is 10<br>
+</pre>
+
+**Notes:**
+
+  1. If you see a compiler error "no matching function to call" when using `ASSERT_PRED*` or `EXPECT_PRED*`, please see [this](v1_6_FAQ.md#ithe-compiler-complains-about-undefined-references-to-some-static-const-member-variables-but-i-did-define-them-in-the-class-body-whats-wrong) for how to resolve it.
+  1. Currently we only provide predicate assertions of arity <= 5. If you need a higher-arity assertion, let us know.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac
+
+### Using a Function That Returns an AssertionResult ###
+
+While `EXPECT_PRED*()` and friends are handy for a quick job, the
+syntax is not satisfactory: you have to use different macros for
+different arities, and it feels more like Lisp than C++.  The
+`::testing::AssertionResult` class solves this problem.
+
+An `AssertionResult` object represents the result of an assertion
+(whether it's a success or a failure, and an associated message).  You
+can create an `AssertionResult` using one of these factory
+functions:
+
+```
+namespace testing {
+
+// Returns an AssertionResult object to indicate that an assertion has
+// succeeded.
+AssertionResult AssertionSuccess();
+
+// Returns an AssertionResult object to indicate that an assertion has
+// failed.
+AssertionResult AssertionFailure();
+
+}
+```
+
+You can then use the `<<` operator to stream messages to the
+`AssertionResult` object.
+
+To provide more readable messages in Boolean assertions
+(e.g. `EXPECT_TRUE()`), write a predicate function that returns
+`AssertionResult` instead of `bool`. For example, if you define
+`IsEven()` as:
+
+```
+::testing::AssertionResult IsEven(int n) {
+  if ((n % 2) == 0)
+    return ::testing::AssertionSuccess();
+  else
+    return ::testing::AssertionFailure() << n << " is odd";
+}
+```
+
+instead of:
+
+```
+bool IsEven(int n) {
+  return (n % 2) == 0;
+}
+```
+
+the failed assertion `EXPECT_TRUE(IsEven(Fib(4)))` will print:
+
+<pre>
+Value of: !IsEven(Fib(4))<br>
+Actual: false (*3 is odd*)<br>
+Expected: true<br>
+</pre>
+
+instead of a more opaque
+
+<pre>
+Value of: !IsEven(Fib(4))<br>
+Actual: false<br>
+Expected: true<br>
+</pre>
+
+If you want informative messages in `EXPECT_FALSE` and `ASSERT_FALSE`
+as well, and are fine with making the predicate slower in the success
+case, you can supply a success message:
+
+```
+::testing::AssertionResult IsEven(int n) {
+  if ((n % 2) == 0)
+    return ::testing::AssertionSuccess() << n << " is even";
+  else
+    return ::testing::AssertionFailure() << n << " is odd";
+}
+```
+
+Then the statement `EXPECT_FALSE(IsEven(Fib(6)))` will print
+
+<pre>
+Value of: !IsEven(Fib(6))<br>
+Actual: true (8 is even)<br>
+Expected: false<br>
+</pre>
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac; since version 1.4.1.
+
+### Using a Predicate-Formatter ###
+
+If you find the default message generated by `(ASSERT|EXPECT)_PRED*` and
+`(ASSERT|EXPECT)_(TRUE|FALSE)` unsatisfactory, or some arguments to your
+predicate do not support streaming to `ostream`, you can instead use the
+following _predicate-formatter assertions_ to _fully_ customize how the
+message is formatted:
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(`_pred\_format1, val1_`);`        | `EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(`_pred\_format1, val1_`); | _pred\_format1(val1)_ is successful |
+| `ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(`_pred\_format2, val1, val2_`);` | `EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(`_pred\_format2, val1, val2_`);` | _pred\_format2(val1, val2)_ is successful |
+| `...`               | `...`                  | `...`        |
+
+The difference between this and the previous two groups of macros is that instead of
+a predicate, `(ASSERT|EXPECT)_PRED_FORMAT*` take a _predicate-formatter_
+(_pred\_formatn_), which is a function or functor with the signature:
+
+`::testing::AssertionResult PredicateFormattern(const char* `_expr1_`, const char* `_expr2_`, ... const char* `_exprn_`, T1 `_val1_`, T2 `_val2_`, ... Tn `_valn_`);`
+
+where _val1_, _val2_, ..., and _valn_ are the values of the predicate
+arguments, and _expr1_, _expr2_, ..., and _exprn_ are the corresponding
+expressions as they appear in the source code. The types `T1`, `T2`, ..., and
+`Tn` can be either value types or reference types. For example, if an
+argument has type `Foo`, you can declare it as either `Foo` or `const Foo&`,
+whichever is appropriate.
+
+A predicate-formatter returns a `::testing::AssertionResult` object to indicate
+whether the assertion has succeeded or not. The only way to create such an
+object is to call one of these factory functions:
+
+As an example, let's improve the failure message in the previous example, which uses `EXPECT_PRED2()`:
+
+```
+// Returns the smallest prime common divisor of m and n,
+// or 1 when m and n are mutually prime.
+int SmallestPrimeCommonDivisor(int m, int n) { ... }
+
+// A predicate-formatter for asserting that two integers are mutually prime.
+::testing::AssertionResult AssertMutuallyPrime(const char* m_expr,
+                                               const char* n_expr,
+                                               int m,
+                                               int n) {
+  if (MutuallyPrime(m, n))
+    return ::testing::AssertionSuccess();
+
+  return ::testing::AssertionFailure()
+      << m_expr << " and " << n_expr << " (" << m << " and " << n
+      << ") are not mutually prime, " << "as they have a common divisor "
+      << SmallestPrimeCommonDivisor(m, n);
+}
+```
+
+With this predicate-formatter, we can use
+
+```
+EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(AssertMutuallyPrime, b, c);
+```
+
+to generate the message
+
+<pre>
+b and c (4 and 10) are not mutually prime, as they have a common divisor 2.<br>
+</pre>
+
+As you may have realized, many of the assertions we introduced earlier are
+special cases of `(EXPECT|ASSERT)_PRED_FORMAT*`. In fact, most of them are
+indeed defined using `(EXPECT|ASSERT)_PRED_FORMAT*`.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+
+## Floating-Point Comparison ##
+
+Comparing floating-point numbers is tricky. Due to round-off errors, it is
+very unlikely that two floating-points will match exactly. Therefore,
+`ASSERT_EQ` 's naive comparison usually doesn't work. And since floating-points
+can have a wide value range, no single fixed error bound works. It's better to
+compare by a fixed relative error bound, except for values close to 0 due to
+the loss of precision there.
+
+In general, for floating-point comparison to make sense, the user needs to
+carefully choose the error bound. If they don't want or care to, comparing in
+terms of Units in the Last Place (ULPs) is a good default, and Google Test
+provides assertions to do this. Full details about ULPs are quite long; if you
+want to learn more, see
+[this article on float comparison](http://www.cygnus-software.com/papers/comparingfloats/comparingfloats.htm).
+
+### Floating-Point Macros ###
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(`_expected, actual_`);`  | `EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(`_expected, actual_`);` | the two `float` values are almost equal |
+| `ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(`_expected, actual_`);` | `EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(`_expected, actual_`);` | the two `double` values are almost equal |
+
+By "almost equal", we mean the two values are within 4 ULP's from each
+other.
+
+The following assertions allow you to choose the acceptable error bound:
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_NEAR(`_val1, val2, abs\_error_`);` | `EXPECT_NEAR`_(val1, val2, abs\_error_`);` | the difference between _val1_ and _val2_ doesn't exceed the given absolute error |
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Floating-Point Predicate-Format Functions ###
+
+Some floating-point operations are useful, but not that often used. In order
+to avoid an explosion of new macros, we provide them as predicate-format
+functions that can be used in predicate assertion macros (e.g.
+`EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2`, etc).
+
+```
+EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::FloatLE, val1, val2);
+EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::DoubleLE, val1, val2);
+```
+
+Verifies that _val1_ is less than, or almost equal to, _val2_. You can
+replace `EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2` in the above table with `ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2`.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## Windows HRESULT assertions ##
+
+These assertions test for `HRESULT` success or failure.
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(`_expression_`);` | `EXPECT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(`_expression_`);` | _expression_ is a success `HRESULT` |
+| `ASSERT_HRESULT_FAILED(`_expression_`);`    | `EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED(`_expression_`);`    | _expression_ is a failure `HRESULT` |
+
+The generated output contains the human-readable error message
+associated with the `HRESULT` code returned by _expression_.
+
+You might use them like this:
+
+```
+CComPtr shell;
+ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(shell.CoCreateInstance(L"Shell.Application"));
+CComVariant empty;
+ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(shell->ShellExecute(CComBSTR(url), empty, empty, empty, empty));
+```
+
+_Availability_: Windows.
+
+## Type Assertions ##
+
+You can call the function
+```
+::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<T1, T2>();
+```
+to assert that types `T1` and `T2` are the same.  The function does
+nothing if the assertion is satisfied.  If the types are different,
+the function call will fail to compile, and the compiler error message
+will likely (depending on the compiler) show you the actual values of
+`T1` and `T2`.  This is mainly useful inside template code.
+
+_Caveat:_ When used inside a member function of a class template or a
+function template, `StaticAssertTypeEq<T1, T2>()` is effective _only if_
+the function is instantiated.  For example, given:
+```
+template <typename T> class Foo {
+ public:
+  void Bar() { ::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<int, T>(); }
+};
+```
+the code:
+```
+void Test1() { Foo<bool> foo; }
+```
+will _not_ generate a compiler error, as `Foo<bool>::Bar()` is never
+actually instantiated.  Instead, you need:
+```
+void Test2() { Foo<bool> foo; foo.Bar(); }
+```
+to cause a compiler error.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac; since version 1.3.0.
+
+## Assertion Placement ##
+
+You can use assertions in any C++ function. In particular, it doesn't
+have to be a method of the test fixture class. The one constraint is
+that assertions that generate a fatal failure (`FAIL*` and `ASSERT_*`)
+can only be used in void-returning functions. This is a consequence of
+Google Test not using exceptions. By placing it in a non-void function
+you'll get a confusing compile error like
+`"error: void value not ignored as it ought to be"`.
+
+If you need to use assertions in a function that returns non-void, one option
+is to make the function return the value in an out parameter instead. For
+example, you can rewrite `T2 Foo(T1 x)` to `void Foo(T1 x, T2* result)`. You
+need to make sure that `*result` contains some sensible value even when the
+function returns prematurely. As the function now returns `void`, you can use
+any assertion inside of it.
+
+If changing the function's type is not an option, you should just use
+assertions that generate non-fatal failures, such as `ADD_FAILURE*` and
+`EXPECT_*`.
+
+_Note_: Constructors and destructors are not considered void-returning
+functions, according to the C++ language specification, and so you may not use
+fatal assertions in them. You'll get a compilation error if you try. A simple
+workaround is to transfer the entire body of the constructor or destructor to a
+private void-returning method. However, you should be aware that a fatal
+assertion failure in a constructor does not terminate the current test, as your
+intuition might suggest; it merely returns from the constructor early, possibly
+leaving your object in a partially-constructed state. Likewise, a fatal
+assertion failure in a destructor may leave your object in a
+partially-destructed state. Use assertions carefully in these situations!
+
+# Teaching Google Test How to Print Your Values #
+
+When a test assertion such as `EXPECT_EQ` fails, Google Test prints the
+argument values to help you debug.  It does this using a
+user-extensible value printer.
+
+This printer knows how to print built-in C++ types, native arrays, STL
+containers, and any type that supports the `<<` operator.  For other
+types, it prints the raw bytes in the value and hopes that you the
+user can figure it out.
+
+As mentioned earlier, the printer is _extensible_.  That means
+you can teach it to do a better job at printing your particular type
+than to dump the bytes.  To do that, define `<<` for your type:
+
+```
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace foo {
+
+class Bar { ... };  // We want Google Test to be able to print instances of this.
+
+// It's important that the << operator is defined in the SAME
+// namespace that defines Bar.  C++'s look-up rules rely on that.
+::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os, const Bar& bar) {
+  return os << bar.DebugString();  // whatever needed to print bar to os
+}
+
+}  // namespace foo
+```
+
+Sometimes, this might not be an option: your team may consider it bad
+style to have a `<<` operator for `Bar`, or `Bar` may already have a
+`<<` operator that doesn't do what you want (and you cannot change
+it).  If so, you can instead define a `PrintTo()` function like this:
+
+```
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace foo {
+
+class Bar { ... };
+
+// It's important that PrintTo() is defined in the SAME
+// namespace that defines Bar.  C++'s look-up rules rely on that.
+void PrintTo(const Bar& bar, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  *os << bar.DebugString();  // whatever needed to print bar to os
+}
+
+}  // namespace foo
+```
+
+If you have defined both `<<` and `PrintTo()`, the latter will be used
+when Google Test is concerned.  This allows you to customize how the value
+appears in Google Test's output without affecting code that relies on the
+behavior of its `<<` operator.
+
+If you want to print a value `x` using Google Test's value printer
+yourself, just call `::testing::PrintToString(`_x_`)`, which
+returns an `std::string`:
+
+```
+vector<pair<Bar, int> > bar_ints = GetBarIntVector();
+
+EXPECT_TRUE(IsCorrectBarIntVector(bar_ints))
+    << "bar_ints = " << ::testing::PrintToString(bar_ints);
+```
+
+# Death Tests #
+
+In many applications, there are assertions that can cause application failure
+if a condition is not met. These sanity checks, which ensure that the program
+is in a known good state, are there to fail at the earliest possible time after
+some program state is corrupted. If the assertion checks the wrong condition,
+then the program may proceed in an erroneous state, which could lead to memory
+corruption, security holes, or worse. Hence it is vitally important to test
+that such assertion statements work as expected.
+
+Since these precondition checks cause the processes to die, we call such tests
+_death tests_. More generally, any test that checks that a program terminates
+(except by throwing an exception) in an expected fashion is also a death test.
+
+Note that if a piece of code throws an exception, we don't consider it "death"
+for the purpose of death tests, as the caller of the code could catch the exception
+and avoid the crash. If you want to verify exceptions thrown by your code,
+see [Exception Assertions](#exception-assertions).
+
+If you want to test `EXPECT_*()/ASSERT_*()` failures in your test code, see [Catching Failures](#catching-failures).
+
+## How to Write a Death Test ##
+
+Google Test has the following macros to support death tests:
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_DEATH(`_statement, regex_`); | `EXPECT_DEATH(`_statement, regex_`); | _statement_ crashes with the given error |
+| `ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(`_statement, regex_`); | `EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(`_statement, regex_`); | if death tests are supported, verifies that _statement_ crashes with the given error; otherwise verifies nothing |
+| `ASSERT_EXIT(`_statement, predicate, regex_`); | `EXPECT_EXIT(`_statement, predicate, regex_`); |_statement_ exits with the given error and its exit code matches _predicate_ |
+
+where _statement_ is a statement that is expected to cause the process to
+die, _predicate_ is a function or function object that evaluates an integer
+exit status, and _regex_ is a regular expression that the stderr output of
+_statement_ is expected to match. Note that _statement_ can be _any valid
+statement_ (including _compound statement_) and doesn't have to be an
+expression.
+
+As usual, the `ASSERT` variants abort the current test function, while the
+`EXPECT` variants do not.
+
+**Note:** We use the word "crash" here to mean that the process
+terminates with a _non-zero_ exit status code.  There are two
+possibilities: either the process has called `exit()` or `_exit()`
+with a non-zero value, or it may be killed by a signal.
+
+This means that if _statement_ terminates the process with a 0 exit
+code, it is _not_ considered a crash by `EXPECT_DEATH`.  Use
+`EXPECT_EXIT` instead if this is the case, or if you want to restrict
+the exit code more precisely.
+
+A predicate here must accept an `int` and return a `bool`. The death test
+succeeds only if the predicate returns `true`. Google Test defines a few
+predicates that handle the most common cases:
+
+```
+::testing::ExitedWithCode(exit_code)
+```
+
+This expression is `true` if the program exited normally with the given exit
+code.
+
+```
+::testing::KilledBySignal(signal_number)  // Not available on Windows.
+```
+
+This expression is `true` if the program was killed by the given signal.
+
+The `*_DEATH` macros are convenient wrappers for `*_EXIT` that use a predicate
+that verifies the process' exit code is non-zero.
+
+Note that a death test only cares about three things:
+
+  1. does _statement_ abort or exit the process?
+  1. (in the case of `ASSERT_EXIT` and `EXPECT_EXIT`) does the exit status satisfy _predicate_?  Or (in the case of `ASSERT_DEATH` and `EXPECT_DEATH`) is the exit status non-zero?  And
+  1. does the stderr output match _regex_?
+
+In particular, if _statement_ generates an `ASSERT_*` or `EXPECT_*` failure, it will **not** cause the death test to fail, as Google Test assertions don't abort the process.
+
+To write a death test, simply use one of the above macros inside your test
+function. For example,
+
+```
+TEST(My*DeathTest*, Foo) {
+  // This death test uses a compound statement.
+  ASSERT_DEATH({ int n = 5; Foo(&n); }, "Error on line .* of Foo()");
+}
+TEST(MyDeathTest, NormalExit) {
+  EXPECT_EXIT(NormalExit(), ::testing::ExitedWithCode(0), "Success");
+}
+TEST(MyDeathTest, KillMyself) {
+  EXPECT_EXIT(KillMyself(), ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGKILL), "Sending myself unblockable signal");
+}
+```
+
+verifies that:
+
+  * calling `Foo(5)` causes the process to die with the given error message,
+  * calling `NormalExit()` causes the process to print `"Success"` to stderr and exit with exit code 0, and
+  * calling `KillMyself()` kills the process with signal `SIGKILL`.
+
+The test function body may contain other assertions and statements as well, if
+necessary.
+
+_Important:_ We strongly recommend you to follow the convention of naming your
+test case (not test) `*DeathTest` when it contains a death test, as
+demonstrated in the above example. The `Death Tests And Threads` section below
+explains why.
+
+If a test fixture class is shared by normal tests and death tests, you
+can use typedef to introduce an alias for the fixture class and avoid
+duplicating its code:
+```
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test { ... };
+
+typedef FooTest FooDeathTest;
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, DoesThis) {
+  // normal test
+}
+
+TEST_F(FooDeathTest, DoesThat) {
+  // death test
+}
+```
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows (requires MSVC 8.0 or above), Cygwin, and Mac (the latter three are supported since v1.3.0).  `(ASSERT|EXPECT)_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED` are new in v1.4.0.
+
+## Regular Expression Syntax ##
+
+On POSIX systems (e.g. Linux, Cygwin, and Mac), Google Test uses the
+[POSIX extended regular expression](http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/xbd_chap09.html#tag_09_04)
+syntax in death tests. To learn about this syntax, you may want to read this [Wikipedia entry](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression#POSIX_Extended_Regular_Expressions).
+
+On Windows, Google Test uses its own simple regular expression
+implementation. It lacks many features you can find in POSIX extended
+regular expressions.  For example, we don't support union (`"x|y"`),
+grouping (`"(xy)"`), brackets (`"[xy]"`), and repetition count
+(`"x{5,7}"`), among others. Below is what we do support (`A` denotes a
+literal character, period (`.`), or a single `\\` escape sequence; `x`
+and `y` denote regular expressions.):
+
+| `c` | matches any literal character `c` |
+|:----|:----------------------------------|
+| `\\d` | matches any decimal digit         |
+| `\\D` | matches any character that's not a decimal digit |
+| `\\f` | matches `\f`                      |
+| `\\n` | matches `\n`                      |
+| `\\r` | matches `\r`                      |
+| `\\s` | matches any ASCII whitespace, including `\n` |
+| `\\S` | matches any character that's not a whitespace |
+| `\\t` | matches `\t`                      |
+| `\\v` | matches `\v`                      |
+| `\\w` | matches any letter, `_`, or decimal digit |
+| `\\W` | matches any character that `\\w` doesn't match |
+| `\\c` | matches any literal character `c`, which must be a punctuation |
+| `.` | matches any single character except `\n` |
+| `A?` | matches 0 or 1 occurrences of `A` |
+| `A*` | matches 0 or many occurrences of `A` |
+| `A+` | matches 1 or many occurrences of `A` |
+| `^` | matches the beginning of a string (not that of each line) |
+| `$` | matches the end of a string (not that of each line) |
+| `xy` | matches `x` followed by `y`       |
+
+To help you determine which capability is available on your system,
+Google Test defines macro `GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE=1` when it uses POSIX
+extended regular expressions, or `GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE=1` when it uses
+the simple version.  If you want your death tests to work in both
+cases, you can either `#if` on these macros or use the more limited
+syntax only.
+
+## How It Works ##
+
+Under the hood, `ASSERT_EXIT()` spawns a new process and executes the
+death test statement in that process. The details of of how precisely
+that happens depend on the platform and the variable
+`::testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style)` (which is initialized from the
+command-line flag `--gtest_death_test_style`).
+
+  * On POSIX systems, `fork()` (or `clone()` on Linux) is used to spawn the child, after which:
+    * If the variable's value is `"fast"`, the death test statement is immediately executed.
+    * If the variable's value is `"threadsafe"`, the child process re-executes the unit test binary just as it was originally invoked, but with some extra flags to cause just the single death test under consideration to be run.
+  * On Windows, the child is spawned using the `CreateProcess()` API, and re-executes the binary to cause just the single death test under consideration to be run - much like the `threadsafe` mode on POSIX.
+
+Other values for the variable are illegal and will cause the death test to
+fail. Currently, the flag's default value is `"fast"`. However, we reserve the
+right to change it in the future. Therefore, your tests should not depend on
+this.
+
+In either case, the parent process waits for the child process to complete, and checks that
+
+  1. the child's exit status satisfies the predicate, and
+  1. the child's stderr matches the regular expression.
+
+If the death test statement runs to completion without dying, the child
+process will nonetheless terminate, and the assertion fails.
+
+## Death Tests And Threads ##
+
+The reason for the two death test styles has to do with thread safety. Due to
+well-known problems with forking in the presence of threads, death tests should
+be run in a single-threaded context. Sometimes, however, it isn't feasible to
+arrange that kind of environment. For example, statically-initialized modules
+may start threads before main is ever reached. Once threads have been created,
+it may be difficult or impossible to clean them up.
+
+Google Test has three features intended to raise awareness of threading issues.
+
+  1. A warning is emitted if multiple threads are running when a death test is encountered.
+  1. Test cases with a name ending in "DeathTest" are run before all other tests.
+  1. It uses `clone()` instead of `fork()` to spawn the child process on Linux (`clone()` is not available on Cygwin and Mac), as `fork()` is more likely to cause the child to hang when the parent process has multiple threads.
+
+It's perfectly fine to create threads inside a death test statement; they are
+executed in a separate process and cannot affect the parent.
+
+## Death Test Styles ##
+
+The "threadsafe" death test style was introduced in order to help mitigate the
+risks of testing in a possibly multithreaded environment. It trades increased
+test execution time (potentially dramatically so) for improved thread safety.
+We suggest using the faster, default "fast" style unless your test has specific
+problems with it.
+
+You can choose a particular style of death tests by setting the flag
+programmatically:
+
+```
+::testing::FLAGS_gtest_death_test_style = "threadsafe";
+```
+
+You can do this in `main()` to set the style for all death tests in the
+binary, or in individual tests. Recall that flags are saved before running each
+test and restored afterwards, so you need not do that yourself. For example:
+
+```
+TEST(MyDeathTest, TestOne) {
+  ::testing::FLAGS_gtest_death_test_style = "threadsafe";
+  // This test is run in the "threadsafe" style:
+  ASSERT_DEATH(ThisShouldDie(), "");
+}
+
+TEST(MyDeathTest, TestTwo) {
+  // This test is run in the "fast" style:
+  ASSERT_DEATH(ThisShouldDie(), "");
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  ::testing::FLAGS_gtest_death_test_style = "fast";
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
+```
+
+## Caveats ##
+
+The _statement_ argument of `ASSERT_EXIT()` can be any valid C++ statement.
+If it leaves the current function via a `return` statement or by throwing an exception,
+the death test is considered to have failed.  Some Google Test macros may return
+from the current function (e.g. `ASSERT_TRUE()`), so be sure to avoid them in _statement_.
+
+Since _statement_ runs in the child process, any in-memory side effect (e.g.
+modifying a variable, releasing memory, etc) it causes will _not_ be observable
+in the parent process. In particular, if you release memory in a death test,
+your program will fail the heap check as the parent process will never see the
+memory reclaimed. To solve this problem, you can
+
+  1. try not to free memory in a death test;
+  1. free the memory again in the parent process; or
+  1. do not use the heap checker in your program.
+
+Due to an implementation detail, you cannot place multiple death test
+assertions on the same line; otherwise, compilation will fail with an unobvious
+error message.
+
+Despite the improved thread safety afforded by the "threadsafe" style of death
+test, thread problems such as deadlock are still possible in the presence of
+handlers registered with `pthread_atfork(3)`.
+
+# Using Assertions in Sub-routines #
+
+## Adding Traces to Assertions ##
+
+If a test sub-routine is called from several places, when an assertion
+inside it fails, it can be hard to tell which invocation of the
+sub-routine the failure is from.  You can alleviate this problem using
+extra logging or custom failure messages, but that usually clutters up
+your tests. A better solution is to use the `SCOPED_TRACE` macro:
+
+| `SCOPED_TRACE(`_message_`);` |
+|:-----------------------------|
+
+where _message_ can be anything streamable to `std::ostream`. This
+macro will cause the current file name, line number, and the given
+message to be added in every failure message. The effect will be
+undone when the control leaves the current lexical scope.
+
+For example,
+
+```
+10: void Sub1(int n) {
+11:   EXPECT_EQ(1, Bar(n));
+12:   EXPECT_EQ(2, Bar(n + 1));
+13: }
+14:
+15: TEST(FooTest, Bar) {
+16:   {
+17:     SCOPED_TRACE("A");  // This trace point will be included in
+18:                         // every failure in this scope.
+19:     Sub1(1);
+20:   }
+21:   // Now it won't.
+22:   Sub1(9);
+23: }
+```
+
+could result in messages like these:
+
+```
+path/to/foo_test.cc:11: Failure
+Value of: Bar(n)
+Expected: 1
+  Actual: 2
+   Trace:
+path/to/foo_test.cc:17: A
+
+path/to/foo_test.cc:12: Failure
+Value of: Bar(n + 1)
+Expected: 2
+  Actual: 3
+```
+
+Without the trace, it would've been difficult to know which invocation
+of `Sub1()` the two failures come from respectively. (You could add an
+extra message to each assertion in `Sub1()` to indicate the value of
+`n`, but that's tedious.)
+
+Some tips on using `SCOPED_TRACE`:
+
+  1. With a suitable message, it's often enough to use `SCOPED_TRACE` at the beginning of a sub-routine, instead of at each call site.
+  1. When calling sub-routines inside a loop, make the loop iterator part of the message in `SCOPED_TRACE` such that you can know which iteration the failure is from.
+  1. Sometimes the line number of the trace point is enough for identifying the particular invocation of a sub-routine. In this case, you don't have to choose a unique message for `SCOPED_TRACE`. You can simply use `""`.
+  1. You can use `SCOPED_TRACE` in an inner scope when there is one in the outer scope. In this case, all active trace points will be included in the failure messages, in reverse order they are encountered.
+  1. The trace dump is clickable in Emacs' compilation buffer - hit return on a line number and you'll be taken to that line in the source file!
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## Propagating Fatal Failures ##
+
+A common pitfall when using `ASSERT_*` and `FAIL*` is not understanding that
+when they fail they only abort the _current function_, not the entire test. For
+example, the following test will segfault:
+```
+void Subroutine() {
+  // Generates a fatal failure and aborts the current function.
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, 2);
+  // The following won't be executed.
+  ...
+}
+
+TEST(FooTest, Bar) {
+  Subroutine();
+  // The intended behavior is for the fatal failure
+  // in Subroutine() to abort the entire test.
+  // The actual behavior: the function goes on after Subroutine() returns.
+  int* p = NULL;
+  *p = 3; // Segfault!
+}
+```
+
+Since we don't use exceptions, it is technically impossible to
+implement the intended behavior here.  To alleviate this, Google Test
+provides two solutions.  You could use either the
+`(ASSERT|EXPECT)_NO_FATAL_FAILURE` assertions or the
+`HasFatalFailure()` function.  They are described in the following two
+subsections.
+
+### Asserting on Subroutines ###
+
+As shown above, if your test calls a subroutine that has an `ASSERT_*`
+failure in it, the test will continue after the subroutine
+returns. This may not be what you want.
+
+Often people want fatal failures to propagate like exceptions.  For
+that Google Test offers the following macros:
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(`_statement_`);` | `EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(`_statement_`);` | _statement_ doesn't generate any new fatal failures in the current thread. |
+
+Only failures in the thread that executes the assertion are checked to
+determine the result of this type of assertions.  If _statement_
+creates new threads, failures in these threads are ignored.
+
+Examples:
+
+```
+ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Foo());
+
+int i;
+EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE({
+  i = Bar();
+});
+```
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac. Assertions from multiple threads
+are currently not supported.
+
+### Checking for Failures in the Current Test ###
+
+`HasFatalFailure()` in the `::testing::Test` class returns `true` if an
+assertion in the current test has suffered a fatal failure. This
+allows functions to catch fatal failures in a sub-routine and return
+early.
+
+```
+class Test {
+ public:
+  ...
+  static bool HasFatalFailure();
+};
+```
+
+The typical usage, which basically simulates the behavior of a thrown
+exception, is:
+
+```
+TEST(FooTest, Bar) {
+  Subroutine();
+  // Aborts if Subroutine() had a fatal failure.
+  if (HasFatalFailure())
+    return;
+  // The following won't be executed.
+  ...
+}
+```
+
+If `HasFatalFailure()` is used outside of `TEST()` , `TEST_F()` , or a test
+fixture, you must add the `::testing::Test::` prefix, as in:
+
+```
+if (::testing::Test::HasFatalFailure())
+  return;
+```
+
+Similarly, `HasNonfatalFailure()` returns `true` if the current test
+has at least one non-fatal failure, and `HasFailure()` returns `true`
+if the current test has at least one failure of either kind.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.  `HasNonfatalFailure()` and
+`HasFailure()` are available since version 1.4.0.
+
+# Logging Additional Information #
+
+In your test code, you can call `RecordProperty("key", value)` to log
+additional information, where `value` can be either a C string or a 32-bit
+integer. The _last_ value recorded for a key will be emitted to the XML output
+if you specify one. For example, the test
+
+```
+TEST_F(WidgetUsageTest, MinAndMaxWidgets) {
+  RecordProperty("MaximumWidgets", ComputeMaxUsage());
+  RecordProperty("MinimumWidgets", ComputeMinUsage());
+}
+```
+
+will output XML like this:
+
+```
+...
+  <testcase name="MinAndMaxWidgets" status="run" time="6" classname="WidgetUsageTest"
+            MaximumWidgets="12"
+            MinimumWidgets="9" />
+...
+```
+
+_Note_:
+  * `RecordProperty()` is a static member of the `Test` class. Therefore it needs to be prefixed with `::testing::Test::` if used outside of the `TEST` body and the test fixture class.
+  * `key` must be a valid XML attribute name, and cannot conflict with the ones already used by Google Test (`name`, `status`,     `time`, and `classname`).
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+# Sharing Resources Between Tests in the Same Test Case #
+
+
+
+Google Test creates a new test fixture object for each test in order to make
+tests independent and easier to debug. However, sometimes tests use resources
+that are expensive to set up, making the one-copy-per-test model prohibitively
+expensive.
+
+If the tests don't change the resource, there's no harm in them sharing a
+single resource copy. So, in addition to per-test set-up/tear-down, Google Test
+also supports per-test-case set-up/tear-down. To use it:
+
+  1. In your test fixture class (say `FooTest` ), define as `static` some member variables to hold the shared resources.
+  1. In the same test fixture class, define a `static void SetUpTestCase()` function (remember not to spell it as **`SetupTestCase`** with a small `u`!) to set up the shared resources and a `static void TearDownTestCase()` function to tear them down.
+
+That's it! Google Test automatically calls `SetUpTestCase()` before running the
+_first test_ in the `FooTest` test case (i.e. before creating the first
+`FooTest` object), and calls `TearDownTestCase()` after running the _last test_
+in it (i.e. after deleting the last `FooTest` object). In between, the tests
+can use the shared resources.
+
+Remember that the test order is undefined, so your code can't depend on a test
+preceding or following another. Also, the tests must either not modify the
+state of any shared resource, or, if they do modify the state, they must
+restore the state to its original value before passing control to the next
+test.
+
+Here's an example of per-test-case set-up and tear-down:
+```
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  // Per-test-case set-up.
+  // Called before the first test in this test case.
+  // Can be omitted if not needed.
+  static void SetUpTestCase() {
+    shared_resource_ = new ...;
+  }
+
+  // Per-test-case tear-down.
+  // Called after the last test in this test case.
+  // Can be omitted if not needed.
+  static void TearDownTestCase() {
+    delete shared_resource_;
+    shared_resource_ = NULL;
+  }
+
+  // You can define per-test set-up and tear-down logic as usual.
+  virtual void SetUp() { ... }
+  virtual void TearDown() { ... }
+
+  // Some expensive resource shared by all tests.
+  static T* shared_resource_;
+};
+
+T* FooTest::shared_resource_ = NULL;
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Test1) {
+  ... you can refer to shared_resource here ...
+}
+TEST_F(FooTest, Test2) {
+  ... you can refer to shared_resource here ...
+}
+```
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+# Global Set-Up and Tear-Down #
+
+Just as you can do set-up and tear-down at the test level and the test case
+level, you can also do it at the test program level. Here's how.
+
+First, you subclass the `::testing::Environment` class to define a test
+environment, which knows how to set-up and tear-down:
+
+```
+class Environment {
+ public:
+  virtual ~Environment() {}
+  // Override this to define how to set up the environment.
+  virtual void SetUp() {}
+  // Override this to define how to tear down the environment.
+  virtual void TearDown() {}
+};
+```
+
+Then, you register an instance of your environment class with Google Test by
+calling the `::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment()` function:
+
+```
+Environment* AddGlobalTestEnvironment(Environment* env);
+```
+
+Now, when `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` is called, it first calls the `SetUp()` method of
+the environment object, then runs the tests if there was no fatal failures, and
+finally calls `TearDown()` of the environment object.
+
+It's OK to register multiple environment objects. In this case, their `SetUp()`
+will be called in the order they are registered, and their `TearDown()` will be
+called in the reverse order.
+
+Note that Google Test takes ownership of the registered environment objects.
+Therefore **do not delete them** by yourself.
+
+You should call `AddGlobalTestEnvironment()` before `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` is
+called, probably in `main()`. If you use `gtest_main`, you need to      call
+this before `main()` starts for it to take effect. One way to do this is to
+define a global variable like this:
+
+```
+::testing::Environment* const foo_env = ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new FooEnvironment);
+```
+
+However, we strongly recommend you to write your own `main()` and call
+`AddGlobalTestEnvironment()` there, as relying on initialization of global
+variables makes the code harder to read and may cause problems when you
+register multiple environments from different translation units and the
+environments have dependencies among them (remember that the compiler doesn't
+guarantee the order in which global variables from different translation units
+are initialized).
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+
+# Value Parameterized Tests #
+
+_Value-parameterized tests_ allow you to test your code with different
+parameters without writing multiple copies of the same test.
+
+Suppose you write a test for your code and then realize that your code is affected by a presence of a Boolean command line flag.
+
+```
+TEST(MyCodeTest, TestFoo) {
+  // A code to test foo().
+}
+```
+
+Usually people factor their test code into a function with a Boolean parameter in such situations. The function sets the flag, then executes the testing code.
+
+```
+void TestFooHelper(bool flag_value) {
+  flag = flag_value;
+  // A code to test foo().
+}
+
+TEST(MyCodeTest, TestFooo) {
+  TestFooHelper(false);
+  TestFooHelper(true);
+}
+```
+
+But this setup has serious drawbacks. First, when a test assertion fails in your tests, it becomes unclear what value of the parameter caused it to fail. You can stream a clarifying message into your `EXPECT`/`ASSERT` statements, but it you'll have to do it with all of them. Second, you have to add one such helper function per test. What if you have ten tests? Twenty? A hundred?
+
+Value-parameterized tests will let you write your test only once and then easily instantiate and run it with an arbitrary number of parameter values.
+
+Here are some other situations when value-parameterized tests come handy:
+
+  * You want to test different implementations of an OO interface.
+  * You want to test your code over various inputs (a.k.a. data-driven testing). This feature is easy to abuse, so please exercise your good sense when doing it!
+
+## How to Write Value-Parameterized Tests ##
+
+To write value-parameterized tests, first you should define a fixture
+class.  It must be derived from both `::testing::Test` and
+`::testing::WithParamInterface<T>` (the latter is a pure interface),
+where `T` is the type of your parameter values.  For convenience, you
+can just derive the fixture class from `::testing::TestWithParam<T>`,
+which itself is derived from both `::testing::Test` and
+`::testing::WithParamInterface<T>`. `T` can be any copyable type. If
+it's a raw pointer, you are responsible for managing the lifespan of
+the pointed values.
+
+```
+class FooTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<const char*> {
+  // You can implement all the usual fixture class members here.
+  // To access the test parameter, call GetParam() from class
+  // TestWithParam<T>.
+};
+
+// Or, when you want to add parameters to a pre-existing fixture class:
+class BaseTest : public ::testing::Test {
+  ...
+};
+class BarTest : public BaseTest,
+                public ::testing::WithParamInterface<const char*> {
+  ...
+};
+```
+
+Then, use the `TEST_P` macro to define as many test patterns using
+this fixture as you want.  The `_P` suffix is for "parameterized" or
+"pattern", whichever you prefer to think.
+
+```
+TEST_P(FooTest, DoesBlah) {
+  // Inside a test, access the test parameter with the GetParam() method
+  // of the TestWithParam<T> class:
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo.Blah(GetParam()));
+  ...
+}
+
+TEST_P(FooTest, HasBlahBlah) {
+  ...
+}
+```
+
+Finally, you can use `INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P` to instantiate the test
+case with any set of parameters you want. Google Test defines a number of
+functions for generating test parameters. They return what we call
+(surprise!) _parameter generators_. Here is a summary of them,
+which are all in the `testing` namespace:
+
+| `Range(begin, end[, step])` | Yields values `{begin, begin+step, begin+step+step, ...}`. The values do not include `end`. `step` defaults to 1. |
+|:----------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `Values(v1, v2, ..., vN)`   | Yields values `{v1, v2, ..., vN}`.                                                                                |
+| `ValuesIn(container)` and `ValuesIn(begin, end)` | Yields values from a C-style array, an STL-style container, or an iterator range `[begin, end)`. `container`, `begin`, and `end` can be expressions whose values are determined at run time.  |
+| `Bool()`                    | Yields sequence `{false, true}`.                                                                                  |
+| `Combine(g1, g2, ..., gN)`  | Yields all combinations (the Cartesian product for the math savvy) of the values generated by the `N` generators. This is only available if your system provides the `<tr1/tuple>` header. If you are sure your system does, and Google Test disagrees, you can override it by defining `GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE=1`. See comments in [include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h](../include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h) for more information. |
+
+For more details, see the comments at the definitions of these functions in the [source code](../include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h).
+
+The following statement will instantiate tests from the `FooTest` test case
+each with parameter values `"meeny"`, `"miny"`, and `"moe"`.
+
+```
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(InstantiationName,
+                        FooTest,
+                        ::testing::Values("meeny", "miny", "moe"));
+```
+
+To distinguish different instances of the pattern (yes, you can
+instantiate it more than once), the first argument to
+`INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P` is a prefix that will be added to the actual
+test case name. Remember to pick unique prefixes for different
+instantiations. The tests from the instantiation above will have these
+names:
+
+  * `InstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/0` for `"meeny"`
+  * `InstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/1` for `"miny"`
+  * `InstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/2` for `"moe"`
+  * `InstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/0` for `"meeny"`
+  * `InstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/1` for `"miny"`
+  * `InstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/2` for `"moe"`
+
+You can use these names in [--gtest\-filter](#running-a-subset-of-the-tests).
+
+This statement will instantiate all tests from `FooTest` again, each
+with parameter values `"cat"` and `"dog"`:
+
+```
+const char* pets[] = {"cat", "dog"};
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(AnotherInstantiationName, FooTest,
+                        ::testing::ValuesIn(pets));
+```
+
+The tests from the instantiation above will have these names:
+
+  * `AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/0` for `"cat"`
+  * `AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/1` for `"dog"`
+  * `AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/0` for `"cat"`
+  * `AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/1` for `"dog"`
+
+Please note that `INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P` will instantiate _all_
+tests in the given test case, whether their definitions come before or
+_after_ the `INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P` statement.
+
+You can see
+[these](../samples/sample7_unittest.cc)
+[files](../samples/sample8_unittest.cc) for more examples.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows (requires MSVC 8.0 or above), Mac; since version 1.2.0.
+
+## Creating Value-Parameterized Abstract Tests ##
+
+In the above, we define and instantiate `FooTest` in the same source
+file. Sometimes you may want to define value-parameterized tests in a
+library and let other people instantiate them later. This pattern is
+known as <i>abstract tests</i>. As an example of its application, when you
+are designing an interface you can write a standard suite of abstract
+tests (perhaps using a factory function as the test parameter) that
+all implementations of the interface are expected to pass. When
+someone implements the interface, he can instantiate your suite to get
+all the interface-conformance tests for free.
+
+To define abstract tests, you should organize your code like this:
+
+  1. Put the definition of the parameterized test fixture class (e.g. `FooTest`) in a header file, say `foo_param_test.h`. Think of this as _declaring_ your abstract tests.
+  1. Put the `TEST_P` definitions in `foo_param_test.cc`, which includes `foo_param_test.h`. Think of this as _implementing_ your abstract tests.
+
+Once they are defined, you can instantiate them by including
+`foo_param_test.h`, invoking `INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P()`, and linking
+with `foo_param_test.cc`. You can instantiate the same abstract test
+case multiple times, possibly in different source files.
+
+# Typed Tests #
+
+Suppose you have multiple implementations of the same interface and
+want to make sure that all of them satisfy some common requirements.
+Or, you may have defined several types that are supposed to conform to
+the same "concept" and you want to verify it.  In both cases, you want
+the same test logic repeated for different types.
+
+While you can write one `TEST` or `TEST_F` for each type you want to
+test (and you may even factor the test logic into a function template
+that you invoke from the `TEST`), it's tedious and doesn't scale:
+if you want _m_ tests over _n_ types, you'll end up writing _m\*n_
+`TEST`s.
+
+_Typed tests_ allow you to repeat the same test logic over a list of
+types.  You only need to write the test logic once, although you must
+know the type list when writing typed tests.  Here's how you do it:
+
+First, define a fixture class template.  It should be parameterized
+by a type.  Remember to derive it from `::testing::Test`:
+
+```
+template <typename T>
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ public:
+  ...
+  typedef std::list<T> List;
+  static T shared_;
+  T value_;
+};
+```
+
+Next, associate a list of types with the test case, which will be
+repeated for each type in the list:
+
+```
+typedef ::testing::Types<char, int, unsigned int> MyTypes;
+TYPED_TEST_CASE(FooTest, MyTypes);
+```
+
+The `typedef` is necessary for the `TYPED_TEST_CASE` macro to parse
+correctly.  Otherwise the compiler will think that each comma in the
+type list introduces a new macro argument.
+
+Then, use `TYPED_TEST()` instead of `TEST_F()` to define a typed test
+for this test case.  You can repeat this as many times as you want:
+
+```
+TYPED_TEST(FooTest, DoesBlah) {
+  // Inside a test, refer to the special name TypeParam to get the type
+  // parameter.  Since we are inside a derived class template, C++ requires
+  // us to visit the members of FooTest via 'this'.
+  TypeParam n = this->value_;
+
+  // To visit static members of the fixture, add the 'TestFixture::'
+  // prefix.
+  n += TestFixture::shared_;
+
+  // To refer to typedefs in the fixture, add the 'typename TestFixture::'
+  // prefix.  The 'typename' is required to satisfy the compiler.
+  typename TestFixture::List values;
+  values.push_back(n);
+  ...
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(FooTest, HasPropertyA) { ... }
+```
+
+You can see `samples/sample6_unittest.cc` for a complete example.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows (requires MSVC 8.0 or above), Mac;
+since version 1.1.0.
+
+# Type-Parameterized Tests #
+
+_Type-parameterized tests_ are like typed tests, except that they
+don't require you to know the list of types ahead of time.  Instead,
+you can define the test logic first and instantiate it with different
+type lists later.  You can even instantiate it more than once in the
+same program.
+
+If you are designing an interface or concept, you can define a suite
+of type-parameterized tests to verify properties that any valid
+implementation of the interface/concept should have.  Then, the author
+of each implementation can just instantiate the test suite with his
+type to verify that it conforms to the requirements, without having to
+write similar tests repeatedly.  Here's an example:
+
+First, define a fixture class template, as we did with typed tests:
+
+```
+template <typename T>
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+  ...
+};
+```
+
+Next, declare that you will define a type-parameterized test case:
+
+```
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(FooTest);
+```
+
+The `_P` suffix is for "parameterized" or "pattern", whichever you
+prefer to think.
+
+Then, use `TYPED_TEST_P()` to define a type-parameterized test.  You
+can repeat this as many times as you want:
+
+```
+TYPED_TEST_P(FooTest, DoesBlah) {
+  // Inside a test, refer to TypeParam to get the type parameter.
+  TypeParam n = 0;
+  ...
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(FooTest, HasPropertyA) { ... }
+```
+
+Now the tricky part: you need to register all test patterns using the
+`REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P` macro before you can instantiate them.
+The first argument of the macro is the test case name; the rest are
+the names of the tests in this test case:
+
+```
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(FooTest,
+                           DoesBlah, HasPropertyA);
+```
+
+Finally, you are free to instantiate the pattern with the types you
+want.  If you put the above code in a header file, you can `#include`
+it in multiple C++ source files and instantiate it multiple times.
+
+```
+typedef ::testing::Types<char, int, unsigned int> MyTypes;
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, FooTest, MyTypes);
+```
+
+To distinguish different instances of the pattern, the first argument
+to the `INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P` macro is a prefix that will be
+added to the actual test case name.  Remember to pick unique prefixes
+for different instances.
+
+In the special case where the type list contains only one type, you
+can write that type directly without `::testing::Types<...>`, like this:
+
+```
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, FooTest, int);
+```
+
+You can see `samples/sample6_unittest.cc` for a complete example.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows (requires MSVC 8.0 or above), Mac;
+since version 1.1.0.
+
+# Testing Private Code #
+
+If you change your software's internal implementation, your tests should not
+break as long as the change is not observable by users. Therefore, per the
+_black-box testing principle_, most of the time you should test your code
+through its public interfaces.
+
+If you still find yourself needing to test internal implementation code,
+consider if there's a better design that wouldn't require you to do so. If you
+absolutely have to test non-public interface code though, you can. There are
+two cases to consider:
+
+  * Static functions (_not_ the same as static member functions!) or unnamed namespaces, and
+  * Private or protected class members
+
+## Static Functions ##
+
+Both static functions and definitions/declarations in an unnamed namespace are
+only visible within the same translation unit. To test them, you can `#include`
+the entire `.cc` file being tested in your `*_test.cc` file. (`#include`ing `.cc`
+files is not a good way to reuse code - you should not do this in production
+code!)
+
+However, a better approach is to move the private code into the
+`foo::internal` namespace, where `foo` is the namespace your project normally
+uses, and put the private declarations in a `*-internal.h` file. Your
+production `.cc` files and your tests are allowed to include this internal
+header, but your clients are not. This way, you can fully test your internal
+implementation without leaking it to your clients.
+
+## Private Class Members ##
+
+Private class members are only accessible from within the class or by friends.
+To access a class' private members, you can declare your test fixture as a
+friend to the class and define accessors in your fixture. Tests using the
+fixture can then access the private members of your production class via the
+accessors in the fixture. Note that even though your fixture is a friend to
+your production class, your tests are not automatically friends to it, as they
+are technically defined in sub-classes of the fixture.
+
+Another way to test private members is to refactor them into an implementation
+class, which is then declared in a `*-internal.h` file. Your clients aren't
+allowed to include this header but your tests can. Such is called the Pimpl
+(Private Implementation) idiom.
+
+Or, you can declare an individual test as a friend of your class by adding this
+line in the class body:
+
+```
+FRIEND_TEST(TestCaseName, TestName);
+```
+
+For example,
+```
+// foo.h
+#include "gtest/gtest_prod.h"
+
+// Defines FRIEND_TEST.
+class Foo {
+  ...
+ private:
+  FRIEND_TEST(FooTest, BarReturnsZeroOnNull);
+  int Bar(void* x);
+};
+
+// foo_test.cc
+...
+TEST(FooTest, BarReturnsZeroOnNull) {
+  Foo foo;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, foo.Bar(NULL));
+  // Uses Foo's private member Bar().
+}
+```
+
+Pay special attention when your class is defined in a namespace, as you should
+define your test fixtures and tests in the same namespace if you want them to
+be friends of your class. For example, if the code to be tested looks like:
+
+```
+namespace my_namespace {
+
+class Foo {
+  friend class FooTest;
+  FRIEND_TEST(FooTest, Bar);
+  FRIEND_TEST(FooTest, Baz);
+  ...
+  definition of the class Foo
+  ...
+};
+
+}  // namespace my_namespace
+```
+
+Your test code should be something like:
+
+```
+namespace my_namespace {
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  ...
+};
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Bar) { ... }
+TEST_F(FooTest, Baz) { ... }
+
+}  // namespace my_namespace
+```
+
+# Catching Failures #
+
+If you are building a testing utility on top of Google Test, you'll
+want to test your utility.  What framework would you use to test it?
+Google Test, of course.
+
+The challenge is to verify that your testing utility reports failures
+correctly.  In frameworks that report a failure by throwing an
+exception, you could catch the exception and assert on it.  But Google
+Test doesn't use exceptions, so how do we test that a piece of code
+generates an expected failure?
+
+`"gtest/gtest-spi.h"` contains some constructs to do this.  After
+`#include`ing this header, you can use
+
+| `EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(`_statement, substring_`);` |
+|:--------------------------------------------------|
+
+to assert that _statement_ generates a fatal (e.g. `ASSERT_*`) failure
+whose message contains the given _substring_, or use
+
+| `EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(`_statement, substring_`);` |
+|:-----------------------------------------------------|
+
+if you are expecting a non-fatal (e.g. `EXPECT_*`) failure.
+
+For technical reasons, there are some caveats:
+
+  1. You cannot stream a failure message to either macro.
+  1. _statement_ in `EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE()` cannot reference local non-static variables or non-static members of `this` object.
+  1. _statement_ in `EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE()` cannot return a value.
+
+_Note:_ Google Test is designed with threads in mind.  Once the
+synchronization primitives in `"gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"` have
+been implemented, Google Test will become thread-safe, meaning that
+you can then use assertions in multiple threads concurrently.  Before
+
+that, however, Google Test only supports single-threaded usage.  Once
+thread-safe, `EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE()` and `EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE()`
+will capture failures in the current thread only. If _statement_
+creates new threads, failures in these threads will be ignored.  If
+you want to capture failures from all threads instead, you should use
+the following macros:
+
+| `EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(`_statement, substring_`);` |
+|:-----------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(`_statement, substring_`);` |
+
+# Getting the Current Test's Name #
+
+Sometimes a function may need to know the name of the currently running test.
+For example, you may be using the `SetUp()` method of your test fixture to set
+the golden file name based on which test is running. The `::testing::TestInfo`
+class has this information:
+
+```
+namespace testing {
+
+class TestInfo {
+ public:
+  // Returns the test case name and the test name, respectively.
+  //
+  // Do NOT delete or free the return value - it's managed by the
+  // TestInfo class.
+  const char* test_case_name() const;
+  const char* name() const;
+};
+
+}  // namespace testing
+```
+
+
+> To obtain a `TestInfo` object for the currently running test, call
+`current_test_info()` on the `UnitTest` singleton object:
+
+```
+// Gets information about the currently running test.
+// Do NOT delete the returned object - it's managed by the UnitTest class.
+const ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info =
+  ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+printf("We are in test %s of test case %s.\n",
+       test_info->name(), test_info->test_case_name());
+```
+
+`current_test_info()` returns a null pointer if no test is running. In
+particular, you cannot find the test case name in `TestCaseSetUp()`,
+`TestCaseTearDown()` (where you know the test case name implicitly), or
+functions called from them.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+# Extending Google Test by Handling Test Events #
+
+Google Test provides an <b>event listener API</b> to let you receive
+notifications about the progress of a test program and test
+failures. The events you can listen to include the start and end of
+the test program, a test case, or a test method, among others. You may
+use this API to augment or replace the standard console output,
+replace the XML output, or provide a completely different form of
+output, such as a GUI or a database. You can also use test events as
+checkpoints to implement a resource leak checker, for example.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac; since v1.4.0.
+
+## Defining Event Listeners ##
+
+To define a event listener, you subclass either
+[testing::TestEventListener](../include/gtest/gtest.h#L855)
+or [testing::EmptyTestEventListener](../include/gtest/gtest.h#L905).
+The former is an (abstract) interface, where <i>each pure virtual method<br>
+can be overridden to handle a test event</i> (For example, when a test
+starts, the `OnTestStart()` method will be called.). The latter provides
+an empty implementation of all methods in the interface, such that a
+subclass only needs to override the methods it cares about.
+
+When an event is fired, its context is passed to the handler function
+as an argument. The following argument types are used:
+  * [UnitTest](../include/gtest/gtest.h#L1007) reflects the state of the entire test program,
+  * [TestCase](../include/gtest/gtest.h#L689) has information about a test case, which can contain one or more tests,
+  * [TestInfo](../include/gtest/gtest.h#L599) contains the state of a test, and
+  * [TestPartResult](../include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h#L42) represents the result of a test assertion.
+
+An event handler function can examine the argument it receives to find
+out interesting information about the event and the test program's
+state.  Here's an example:
+
+```
+  class MinimalistPrinter : public ::testing::EmptyTestEventListener {
+    // Called before a test starts.
+    virtual void OnTestStart(const ::testing::TestInfo& test_info) {
+      printf("*** Test %s.%s starting.\n",
+             test_info.test_case_name(), test_info.name());
+    }
+
+    // Called after a failed assertion or a SUCCEED() invocation.
+    virtual void OnTestPartResult(
+        const ::testing::TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
+      printf("%s in %s:%d\n%s\n",
+             test_part_result.failed() ? "*** Failure" : "Success",
+             test_part_result.file_name(),
+             test_part_result.line_number(),
+             test_part_result.summary());
+    }
+
+    // Called after a test ends.
+    virtual void OnTestEnd(const ::testing::TestInfo& test_info) {
+      printf("*** Test %s.%s ending.\n",
+             test_info.test_case_name(), test_info.name());
+    }
+  };
+```
+
+## Using Event Listeners ##
+
+To use the event listener you have defined, add an instance of it to
+the Google Test event listener list (represented by class
+[TestEventListeners](../include/gtest/gtest.h#L929)
+- note the "s" at the end of the name) in your
+`main()` function, before calling `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`:
+```
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  // Gets hold of the event listener list.
+  ::testing::TestEventListeners& listeners =
+      ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners();
+  // Adds a listener to the end.  Google Test takes the ownership.
+  listeners.Append(new MinimalistPrinter);
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
+```
+
+There's only one problem: the default test result printer is still in
+effect, so its output will mingle with the output from your minimalist
+printer. To suppress the default printer, just release it from the
+event listener list and delete it. You can do so by adding one line:
+```
+  ...
+  delete listeners.Release(listeners.default_result_printer());
+  listeners.Append(new MinimalistPrinter);
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+```
+
+Now, sit back and enjoy a completely different output from your
+tests. For more details, you can read this
+[sample](../samples/sample9_unittest.cc).
+
+You may append more than one listener to the list. When an `On*Start()`
+or `OnTestPartResult()` event is fired, the listeners will receive it in
+the order they appear in the list (since new listeners are added to
+the end of the list, the default text printer and the default XML
+generator will receive the event first). An `On*End()` event will be
+received by the listeners in the _reverse_ order. This allows output by
+listeners added later to be framed by output from listeners added
+earlier.
+
+## Generating Failures in Listeners ##
+
+You may use failure-raising macros (`EXPECT_*()`, `ASSERT_*()`,
+`FAIL()`, etc) when processing an event. There are some restrictions:
+
+  1. You cannot generate any failure in `OnTestPartResult()` (otherwise it will cause `OnTestPartResult()` to be called recursively).
+  1. A listener that handles `OnTestPartResult()` is not allowed to generate any failure.
+
+When you add listeners to the listener list, you should put listeners
+that handle `OnTestPartResult()` _before_ listeners that can generate
+failures. This ensures that failures generated by the latter are
+attributed to the right test by the former.
+
+We have a sample of failure-raising listener
+[here](../samples/sample10_unittest.cc).
+
+# Running Test Programs: Advanced Options #
+
+Google Test test programs are ordinary executables. Once built, you can run
+them directly and affect their behavior via the following environment variables
+and/or command line flags. For the flags to work, your programs must call
+`::testing::InitGoogleTest()` before calling `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`.
+
+To see a list of supported flags and their usage, please run your test
+program with the `--help` flag.  You can also use `-h`, `-?`, or `/?`
+for short.  This feature is added in version 1.3.0.
+
+If an option is specified both by an environment variable and by a
+flag, the latter takes precedence.  Most of the options can also be
+set/read in code: to access the value of command line flag
+`--gtest_foo`, write `::testing::GTEST_FLAG(foo)`.  A common pattern is
+to set the value of a flag before calling `::testing::InitGoogleTest()`
+to change the default value of the flag:
+```
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  // Disables elapsed time by default.
+  ::testing::GTEST_FLAG(print_time) = false;
+
+  // This allows the user to override the flag on the command line.
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
+```
+
+## Selecting Tests ##
+
+This section shows various options for choosing which tests to run.
+
+### Listing Test Names ###
+
+Sometimes it is necessary to list the available tests in a program before
+running them so that a filter may be applied if needed. Including the flag
+`--gtest_list_tests` overrides all other flags and lists tests in the following
+format:
+```
+TestCase1.
+  TestName1
+  TestName2
+TestCase2.
+  TestName
+```
+
+None of the tests listed are actually run if the flag is provided. There is no
+corresponding environment variable for this flag.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Running a Subset of the Tests ###
+
+By default, a Google Test program runs all tests the user has defined.
+Sometimes, you want to run only a subset of the tests (e.g. for debugging or
+quickly verifying a change). If you set the `GTEST_FILTER` environment variable
+or the `--gtest_filter` flag to a filter string, Google Test will only run the
+tests whose full names (in the form of `TestCaseName.TestName`) match the
+filter.
+
+The format of a filter is a '`:`'-separated list of wildcard patterns (called
+the positive patterns) optionally followed by a '`-`' and another
+'`:`'-separated pattern list (called the negative patterns). A test matches the
+filter if and only if it matches any of the positive patterns but does not
+match any of the negative patterns.
+
+A pattern may contain `'*'` (matches any string) or `'?'` (matches any single
+character). For convenience, the filter `'*-NegativePatterns'` can be also
+written as `'-NegativePatterns'`.
+
+For example:
+
+  * `./foo_test` Has no flag, and thus runs all its tests.
+  * `./foo_test --gtest_filter=*` Also runs everything, due to the single match-everything `*` value.
+  * `./foo_test --gtest_filter=FooTest.*` Runs everything in test case `FooTest`.
+  * `./foo_test --gtest_filter=*Null*:*Constructor*` Runs any test whose full name contains either `"Null"` or `"Constructor"`.
+  * `./foo_test --gtest_filter=-*DeathTest.*` Runs all non-death tests.
+  * `./foo_test --gtest_filter=FooTest.*-FooTest.Bar` Runs everything in test case `FooTest` except `FooTest.Bar`.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Temporarily Disabling Tests ###
+
+If you have a broken test that you cannot fix right away, you can add the
+`DISABLED_` prefix to its name. This will exclude it from execution. This is
+better than commenting out the code or using `#if 0`, as disabled tests are
+still compiled (and thus won't rot).
+
+If you need to disable all tests in a test case, you can either add `DISABLED_`
+to the front of the name of each test, or alternatively add it to the front of
+the test case name.
+
+For example, the following tests won't be run by Google Test, even though they
+will still be compiled:
+
+```
+// Tests that Foo does Abc.
+TEST(FooTest, DISABLED_DoesAbc) { ... }
+
+class DISABLED_BarTest : public ::testing::Test { ... };
+
+// Tests that Bar does Xyz.
+TEST_F(DISABLED_BarTest, DoesXyz) { ... }
+```
+
+_Note:_ This feature should only be used for temporary pain-relief. You still
+have to fix the disabled tests at a later date. As a reminder, Google Test will
+print a banner warning you if a test program contains any disabled tests.
+
+_Tip:_ You can easily count the number of disabled tests you have
+using `grep`. This number can be used as a metric for improving your
+test quality.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Temporarily Enabling Disabled Tests ###
+
+To include [disabled tests](#temporarily-disabling-tests) in test
+execution, just invoke the test program with the
+`--gtest_also_run_disabled_tests` flag or set the
+`GTEST_ALSO_RUN_DISABLED_TESTS` environment variable to a value other
+than `0`.  You can combine this with the
+[--gtest\-filter](#running-a-subset-of-the_tests) flag to further select
+which disabled tests to run.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac; since version 1.3.0.
+
+## Repeating the Tests ##
+
+Once in a while you'll run into a test whose result is hit-or-miss. Perhaps it
+will fail only 1% of the time, making it rather hard to reproduce the bug under
+a debugger. This can be a major source of frustration.
+
+The `--gtest_repeat` flag allows you to repeat all (or selected) test methods
+in a program many times. Hopefully, a flaky test will eventually fail and give
+you a chance to debug. Here's how to use it:
+
+| `$ foo_test --gtest_repeat=1000` | Repeat foo\_test 1000 times and don't stop at failures. |
+|:---------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------|
+| `$ foo_test --gtest_repeat=-1`   | A negative count means repeating forever.               |
+| `$ foo_test --gtest_repeat=1000 --gtest_break_on_failure` | Repeat foo\_test 1000 times, stopping at the first failure. This is especially useful when running under a debugger: when the testfails, it will drop into the debugger and you can then inspect variables and stacks. |
+| `$ foo_test --gtest_repeat=1000 --gtest_filter=FooBar` | Repeat the tests whose name matches the filter 1000 times. |
+
+If your test program contains global set-up/tear-down code registered
+using `AddGlobalTestEnvironment()`, it will be repeated in each
+iteration as well, as the flakiness may be in it. You can also specify
+the repeat count by setting the `GTEST_REPEAT` environment variable.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## Shuffling the Tests ##
+
+You can specify the `--gtest_shuffle` flag (or set the `GTEST_SHUFFLE`
+environment variable to `1`) to run the tests in a program in a random
+order. This helps to reveal bad dependencies between tests.
+
+By default, Google Test uses a random seed calculated from the current
+time. Therefore you'll get a different order every time. The console
+output includes the random seed value, such that you can reproduce an
+order-related test failure later. To specify the random seed
+explicitly, use the `--gtest_random_seed=SEED` flag (or set the
+`GTEST_RANDOM_SEED` environment variable), where `SEED` is an integer
+between 0 and 99999. The seed value 0 is special: it tells Google Test
+to do the default behavior of calculating the seed from the current
+time.
+
+If you combine this with `--gtest_repeat=N`, Google Test will pick a
+different random seed and re-shuffle the tests in each iteration.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac; since v1.4.0.
+
+## Controlling Test Output ##
+
+This section teaches how to tweak the way test results are reported.
+
+### Colored Terminal Output ###
+
+Google Test can use colors in its terminal output to make it easier to spot
+the separation between tests, and whether tests passed.
+
+You can set the GTEST\_COLOR environment variable or set the `--gtest_color`
+command line flag to `yes`, `no`, or `auto` (the default) to enable colors,
+disable colors, or let Google Test decide. When the value is `auto`, Google
+Test will use colors if and only if the output goes to a terminal and (on
+non-Windows platforms) the `TERM` environment variable is set to `xterm` or
+`xterm-color`.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Suppressing the Elapsed Time ###
+
+By default, Google Test prints the time it takes to run each test.  To
+suppress that, run the test program with the `--gtest_print_time=0`
+command line flag.  Setting the `GTEST_PRINT_TIME` environment
+variable to `0` has the same effect.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.  (In Google Test 1.3.0 and lower,
+the default behavior is that the elapsed time is **not** printed.)
+
+### Generating an XML Report ###
+
+Google Test can emit a detailed XML report to a file in addition to its normal
+textual output. The report contains the duration of each test, and thus can
+help you identify slow tests.
+
+To generate the XML report, set the `GTEST_OUTPUT` environment variable or the
+`--gtest_output` flag to the string `"xml:_path_to_output_file_"`, which will
+create the file at the given location. You can also just use the string
+`"xml"`, in which case the output can be found in the `test_detail.xml` file in
+the current directory.
+
+If you specify a directory (for example, `"xml:output/directory/"` on Linux or
+`"xml:output\directory\"` on Windows), Google Test will create the XML file in
+that directory, named after the test executable (e.g. `foo_test.xml` for test
+program `foo_test` or `foo_test.exe`). If the file already exists (perhaps left
+over from a previous run), Google Test will pick a different name (e.g.
+`foo_test_1.xml`) to avoid overwriting it.
+
+The report uses the format described here.  It is based on the
+`junitreport` Ant task and can be parsed by popular continuous build
+systems like [Hudson](https://hudson.dev.java.net/). Since that format
+was originally intended for Java, a little interpretation is required
+to make it apply to Google Test tests, as shown here:
+
+```
+<testsuites name="AllTests" ...>
+  <testsuite name="test_case_name" ...>
+    <testcase name="test_name" ...>
+      <failure message="..."/>
+      <failure message="..."/>
+      <failure message="..."/>
+    </testcase>
+  </testsuite>
+</testsuites>
+```
+
+  * The root `<testsuites>` element corresponds to the entire test program.
+  * `<testsuite>` elements correspond to Google Test test cases.
+  * `<testcase>` elements correspond to Google Test test functions.
+
+For instance, the following program
+
+```
+TEST(MathTest, Addition) { ... }
+TEST(MathTest, Subtraction) { ... }
+TEST(LogicTest, NonContradiction) { ... }
+```
+
+could generate this report:
+
+```
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<testsuites tests="3" failures="1" errors="0" time="35" name="AllTests">
+  <testsuite name="MathTest" tests="2" failures="1" errors="0" time="15">
+    <testcase name="Addition" status="run" time="7" classname="">
+      <failure message="Value of: add(1, 1)&#x0A; Actual: 3&#x0A;Expected: 2" type=""/>
+      <failure message="Value of: add(1, -1)&#x0A; Actual: 1&#x0A;Expected: 0" type=""/>
+    </testcase>
+    <testcase name="Subtraction" status="run" time="5" classname="">
+    </testcase>
+  </testsuite>
+  <testsuite name="LogicTest" tests="1" failures="0" errors="0" time="5">
+    <testcase name="NonContradiction" status="run" time="5" classname="">
+    </testcase>
+  </testsuite>
+</testsuites>
+```
+
+Things to note:
+
+  * The `tests` attribute of a `<testsuites>` or `<testsuite>` element tells how many test functions the Google Test program or test case contains, while the `failures` attribute tells how many of them failed.
+  * The `time` attribute expresses the duration of the test, test case, or entire test program in milliseconds.
+  * Each `<failure>` element corresponds to a single failed Google Test assertion.
+  * Some JUnit concepts don't apply to Google Test, yet we have to conform to the DTD. Therefore you'll see some dummy elements and attributes in the report. You can safely ignore these parts.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## Controlling How Failures Are Reported ##
+
+### Turning Assertion Failures into Break-Points ###
+
+When running test programs under a debugger, it's very convenient if the
+debugger can catch an assertion failure and automatically drop into interactive
+mode. Google Test's _break-on-failure_ mode supports this behavior.
+
+To enable it, set the `GTEST_BREAK_ON_FAILURE` environment variable to a value
+other than `0` . Alternatively, you can use the `--gtest_break_on_failure`
+command line flag.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Disabling Catching Test-Thrown Exceptions ###
+
+Google Test can be used either with or without exceptions enabled.  If
+a test throws a C++ exception or (on Windows) a structured exception
+(SEH), by default Google Test catches it, reports it as a test
+failure, and continues with the next test method.  This maximizes the
+coverage of a test run.  Also, on Windows an uncaught exception will
+cause a pop-up window, so catching the exceptions allows you to run
+the tests automatically.
+
+When debugging the test failures, however, you may instead want the
+exceptions to be handled by the debugger, such that you can examine
+the call stack when an exception is thrown.  To achieve that, set the
+`GTEST_CATCH_EXCEPTIONS` environment variable to `0`, or use the
+`--gtest_catch_exceptions=0` flag when running the tests.
+
+**Availability**: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Letting Another Testing Framework Drive ###
+
+If you work on a project that has already been using another testing
+framework and is not ready to completely switch to Google Test yet,
+you can get much of Google Test's benefit by using its assertions in
+your existing tests.  Just change your `main()` function to look
+like:
+
+```
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  ::testing::GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = true;
+  // Important: Google Test must be initialized.
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+  ... whatever your existing testing framework requires ...
+}
+```
+
+With that, you can use Google Test assertions in addition to the
+native assertions your testing framework provides, for example:
+
+```
+void TestFooDoesBar() {
+  Foo foo;
+  EXPECT_LE(foo.Bar(1), 100);     // A Google Test assertion.
+  CPPUNIT_ASSERT(foo.IsEmpty());  // A native assertion.
+}
+```
+
+If a Google Test assertion fails, it will print an error message and
+throw an exception, which will be treated as a failure by your host
+testing framework.  If you compile your code with exceptions disabled,
+a failed Google Test assertion will instead exit your program with a
+non-zero code, which will also signal a test failure to your test
+runner.
+
+If you don't write `::testing::GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = true;` in
+your `main()`, you can alternatively enable this feature by specifying
+the `--gtest_throw_on_failure` flag on the command-line or setting the
+`GTEST_THROW_ON_FAILURE` environment variable to a non-zero value.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac; since v1.3.0.
+
+## Distributing Test Functions to Multiple Machines ##
+
+If you have more than one machine you can use to run a test program,
+you might want to run the test functions in parallel and get the
+result faster.  We call this technique _sharding_, where each machine
+is called a _shard_.
+
+Google Test is compatible with test sharding.  To take advantage of
+this feature, your test runner (not part of Google Test) needs to do
+the following:
+
+  1. Allocate a number of machines (shards) to run the tests.
+  1. On each shard, set the `GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS` environment variable to the total number of shards.  It must be the same for all shards.
+  1. On each shard, set the `GTEST_SHARD_INDEX` environment variable to the index of the shard.  Different shards must be assigned different indices, which must be in the range `[0, GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS - 1]`.
+  1. Run the same test program on all shards.  When Google Test sees the above two environment variables, it will select a subset of the test functions to run.  Across all shards, each test function in the program will be run exactly once.
+  1. Wait for all shards to finish, then collect and report the results.
+
+Your project may have tests that were written without Google Test and
+thus don't understand this protocol.  In order for your test runner to
+figure out which test supports sharding, it can set the environment
+variable `GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE` to a non-existent file path.  If a
+test program supports sharding, it will create this file to
+acknowledge the fact (the actual contents of the file are not
+important at this time; although we may stick some useful information
+in it in the future.); otherwise it will not create it.
+
+Here's an example to make it clear.  Suppose you have a test program
+`foo_test` that contains the following 5 test functions:
+```
+TEST(A, V)
+TEST(A, W)
+TEST(B, X)
+TEST(B, Y)
+TEST(B, Z)
+```
+and you have 3 machines at your disposal.  To run the test functions in
+parallel, you would set `GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS` to 3 on all machines, and
+set `GTEST_SHARD_INDEX` to 0, 1, and 2 on the machines respectively.
+Then you would run the same `foo_test` on each machine.
+
+Google Test reserves the right to change how the work is distributed
+across the shards, but here's one possible scenario:
+
+  * Machine #0 runs `A.V` and `B.X`.
+  * Machine #1 runs `A.W` and `B.Y`.
+  * Machine #2 runs `B.Z`.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac; since version 1.3.0.
+
+# Fusing Google Test Source Files #
+
+Google Test's implementation consists of ~30 files (excluding its own
+tests).  Sometimes you may want them to be packaged up in two files (a
+`.h` and a `.cc`) instead, such that you can easily copy them to a new
+machine and start hacking there.  For this we provide an experimental
+Python script `fuse_gtest_files.py` in the `scripts/` directory (since release 1.3.0).
+Assuming you have Python 2.4 or above installed on your machine, just
+go to that directory and run
+```
+python fuse_gtest_files.py OUTPUT_DIR
+```
+
+and you should see an `OUTPUT_DIR` directory being created with files
+`gtest/gtest.h` and `gtest/gtest-all.cc` in it.  These files contain
+everything you need to use Google Test.  Just copy them to anywhere
+you want and you are ready to write tests.  You can use the
+[scripts/test/Makefile](../scripts/test/Makefile)
+file as an example on how to compile your tests against them.
+
+# Where to Go from Here #
+
+Congratulations! You've now learned more advanced Google Test tools and are
+ready to tackle more complex testing tasks. If you want to dive even deeper, you
+can read the [Frequently-Asked Questions](V1_6_FAQ.md).
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_6_Documentation.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_6_Documentation.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ca924660a3dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_6_Documentation.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+This page lists all documentation wiki pages for Google Test **1.6**
+-- **if you use a released version of Google Test, please read the
+documentation for that specific version instead.**
+
+  * [Primer](V1_6_Primer.md) -- start here if you are new to Google Test.
+  * [Samples](V1_6_Samples.md) -- learn from examples.
+  * [AdvancedGuide](V1_6_AdvancedGuide.md) -- learn more about Google Test.
+  * [XcodeGuide](V1_6_XcodeGuide.md) -- how to use Google Test in Xcode on Mac.
+  * [Frequently-Asked Questions](V1_6_FAQ.md) -- check here before asking a question on the mailing list.
+
+To contribute code to Google Test, read:
+
+  * [DevGuide](DevGuide.md) -- read this _before_ writing your first patch.
+  * [PumpManual](V1_6_PumpManual.md) -- how we generate some of Google Test's source files.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_6_FAQ.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_6_FAQ.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2b7f78407722
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_6_FAQ.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1038 @@
+
+
+If you cannot find the answer to your question here, and you have read
+[Primer](V1_6_Primer.md) and [AdvancedGuide](V1_6_AdvancedGuide.md), send it to
+googletestframework@googlegroups.com.
+
+## Why should I use Google Test instead of my favorite C++ testing framework? ##
+
+First, let us say clearly that we don't want to get into the debate of
+which C++ testing framework is **the best**.  There exist many fine
+frameworks for writing C++ tests, and we have tremendous respect for
+the developers and users of them.  We don't think there is (or will
+be) a single best framework - you have to pick the right tool for the
+particular task you are tackling.
+
+We created Google Test because we couldn't find the right combination
+of features and conveniences in an existing framework to satisfy _our_
+needs.  The following is a list of things that _we_ like about Google
+Test.  We don't claim them to be unique to Google Test - rather, the
+combination of them makes Google Test the choice for us.  We hope this
+list can help you decide whether it is for you too.
+
+  * Google Test is designed to be portable: it doesn't require exceptions or RTTI; it works around various bugs in various compilers and environments; etc.  As a result, it works on Linux, Mac OS X, Windows and several embedded operating systems.
+  * Nonfatal assertions (`EXPECT_*`) have proven to be great time savers, as they allow a test to report multiple failures in a single edit-compile-test cycle.
+  * It's easy to write assertions that generate informative messages: you just use the stream syntax to append any additional information, e.g. `ASSERT_EQ(5, Foo(i)) << " where i = " << i;`.  It doesn't require a new set of macros or special functions.
+  * Google Test automatically detects your tests and doesn't require you to enumerate them in order to run them.
+  * Death tests are pretty handy for ensuring that your asserts in production code are triggered by the right conditions.
+  * `SCOPED_TRACE` helps you understand the context of an assertion failure when it comes from inside a sub-routine or loop.
+  * You can decide which tests to run using name patterns.  This saves time when you want to quickly reproduce a test failure.
+  * Google Test can generate XML test result reports that can be parsed by popular continuous build system like Hudson.
+  * Simple things are easy in Google Test, while hard things are possible: in addition to advanced features like [global test environments](V1_6_AdvancedGuide.md#Global_Set-Up_and_Tear-Down) and tests parameterized by [values](V1_6_AdvancedGuide.md#value-parameterized-tests) or [types](V1_6_AdvancedGuide.md#typed-tests), Google Test supports various ways for the user to extend the framework -- if Google Test doesn't do something out of the box, chances are that a user can implement the feature using Google Test's public API, without changing Google Test itself.  In particular, you can:
+    * expand your testing vocabulary by defining [custom predicates](V1_6_AdvancedGuide.md#predicate-assertions-for-better-error-messages),
+    * teach Google Test how to [print your types](V1_6_AdvancedGuide.md#teaching-google-test-how-to-print-your-values),
+    * define your own testing macros or utilities and verify them using Google Test's [Service Provider Interface](V1_6_AdvancedGuide.md#catching-failures), and
+    * reflect on the test cases or change the test output format by intercepting the [test events](V1_6_AdvancedGuide.md#extending-google-test-by-handling-test-events).
+
+## I'm getting warnings when compiling Google Test.  Would you fix them? ##
+
+We strive to minimize compiler warnings Google Test generates.  Before releasing a new version, we test to make sure that it doesn't generate warnings when compiled using its CMake script on Windows, Linux, and Mac OS.
+
+Unfortunately, this doesn't mean you are guaranteed to see no warnings when compiling Google Test in your environment:
+
+  * You may be using a different compiler as we use, or a different version of the same compiler.  We cannot possibly test for all compilers.
+  * You may be compiling on a different platform as we do.
+  * Your project may be using different compiler flags as we do.
+
+It is not always possible to make Google Test warning-free for everyone.  Or, it may not be desirable if the warning is rarely enabled and fixing the violations makes the code more complex.
+
+If you see warnings when compiling Google Test, we suggest that you use the `-isystem` flag (assuming your are using GCC) to mark Google Test headers as system headers.  That'll suppress warnings from Google Test headers.
+
+## Why should not test case names and test names contain underscore? ##
+
+Underscore (`_`) is special, as C++ reserves the following to be used by
+the compiler and the standard library:
+
+  1. any identifier that starts with an `_` followed by an upper-case letter, and
+  1. any identifier that containers two consecutive underscores (i.e. `__`) _anywhere_ in its name.
+
+User code is _prohibited_ from using such identifiers.
+
+Now let's look at what this means for `TEST` and `TEST_F`.
+
+Currently `TEST(TestCaseName, TestName)` generates a class named
+`TestCaseName_TestName_Test`.  What happens if `TestCaseName` or `TestName`
+contains `_`?
+
+  1. If `TestCaseName` starts with an `_` followed by an upper-case letter (say, `_Foo`), we end up with `_Foo_TestName_Test`, which is reserved and thus invalid.
+  1. If `TestCaseName` ends with an `_` (say, `Foo_`), we get `Foo__TestName_Test`, which is invalid.
+  1. If `TestName` starts with an `_` (say, `_Bar`), we get `TestCaseName__Bar_Test`, which is invalid.
+  1. If `TestName` ends with an `_` (say, `Bar_`), we get `TestCaseName_Bar__Test`, which is invalid.
+
+So clearly `TestCaseName` and `TestName` cannot start or end with `_`
+(Actually, `TestCaseName` can start with `_` -- as long as the `_` isn't
+followed by an upper-case letter.  But that's getting complicated.  So
+for simplicity we just say that it cannot start with `_`.).
+
+It may seem fine for `TestCaseName` and `TestName` to contain `_` in the
+middle.  However, consider this:
+```
+TEST(Time, Flies_Like_An_Arrow) { ... }
+TEST(Time_Flies, Like_An_Arrow) { ... }
+```
+
+Now, the two `TEST`s will both generate the same class
+(`Time_Files_Like_An_Arrow_Test`).  That's not good.
+
+So for simplicity, we just ask the users to avoid `_` in `TestCaseName`
+and `TestName`.  The rule is more constraining than necessary, but it's
+simple and easy to remember.  It also gives Google Test some wiggle
+room in case its implementation needs to change in the future.
+
+If you violate the rule, there may not be immediately consequences,
+but your test may (just may) break with a new compiler (or a new
+version of the compiler you are using) or with a new version of Google
+Test.  Therefore it's best to follow the rule.
+
+## Why is it not recommended to install a pre-compiled copy of Google Test (for example, into /usr/local)? ##
+
+In the early days, we said that you could install
+compiled Google Test libraries on `*`nix systems using `make install`.
+Then every user of your machine can write tests without
+recompiling Google Test.
+
+This seemed like a good idea, but it has a
+got-cha: every user needs to compile his tests using the _same_ compiler
+flags used to compile the installed Google Test libraries; otherwise
+he may run into undefined behaviors (i.e. the tests can behave
+strangely and may even crash for no obvious reasons).
+
+Why?  Because C++ has this thing called the One-Definition Rule: if
+two C++ source files contain different definitions of the same
+class/function/variable, and you link them together, you violate the
+rule.  The linker may or may not catch the error (in many cases it's
+not required by the C++ standard to catch the violation).  If it
+doesn't, you get strange run-time behaviors that are unexpected and
+hard to debug.
+
+If you compile Google Test and your test code using different compiler
+flags, they may see different definitions of the same
+class/function/variable (e.g. due to the use of `#if` in Google Test).
+Therefore, for your sanity, we recommend to avoid installing pre-compiled
+Google Test libraries.  Instead, each project should compile
+Google Test itself such that it can be sure that the same flags are
+used for both Google Test and the tests.
+
+## How do I generate 64-bit binaries on Windows (using Visual Studio 2008)? ##
+
+(Answered by Trevor Robinson)
+
+Load the supplied Visual Studio solution file, either `msvc\gtest-md.sln` or
+`msvc\gtest.sln`. Go through the migration wizard to migrate the
+solution and project files to Visual Studio 2008. Select
+`Configuration Manager...` from the `Build` menu. Select `<New...>` from
+the `Active solution platform` dropdown.  Select `x64` from the new
+platform dropdown, leave `Copy settings from` set to `Win32` and
+`Create new project platforms` checked, then click `OK`. You now have
+`Win32` and `x64` platform configurations, selectable from the
+`Standard` toolbar, which allow you to toggle between building 32-bit or
+64-bit binaries (or both at once using Batch Build).
+
+In order to prevent build output files from overwriting one another,
+you'll need to change the `Intermediate Directory` settings for the
+newly created platform configuration across all the projects. To do
+this, multi-select (e.g. using shift-click) all projects (but not the
+solution) in the `Solution Explorer`. Right-click one of them and
+select `Properties`. In the left pane, select `Configuration Properties`,
+and from the `Configuration` dropdown, select `All Configurations`.
+Make sure the selected platform is `x64`. For the
+`Intermediate Directory` setting, change the value from
+`$(PlatformName)\$(ConfigurationName)` to
+`$(OutDir)\$(ProjectName)`. Click `OK` and then build the
+solution. When the build is complete, the 64-bit binaries will be in
+the `msvc\x64\Debug` directory.
+
+## Can I use Google Test on MinGW? ##
+
+We haven't tested this ourselves, but Per Abrahamsen reported that he
+was able to compile and install Google Test successfully when using
+MinGW from Cygwin.  You'll need to configure it with:
+
+`PATH/TO/configure CC="gcc -mno-cygwin" CXX="g++ -mno-cygwin"`
+
+You should be able to replace the `-mno-cygwin` option with direct links
+to the real MinGW binaries, but we haven't tried that.
+
+Caveats:
+
+  * There are many warnings when compiling.
+  * `make check` will produce some errors as not all tests for Google Test itself are compatible with MinGW.
+
+We also have reports on successful cross compilation of Google Test
+MinGW binaries on Linux using
+[these instructions](http://wiki.wxwidgets.org/Cross-Compiling_Under_Linux#Cross-compiling_under_Linux_for_MS_Windows)
+on the WxWidgets site.
+
+Please contact `googletestframework@googlegroups.com` if you are
+interested in improving the support for MinGW.
+
+## Why does Google Test support EXPECT\_EQ(NULL, ptr) and ASSERT\_EQ(NULL, ptr) but not EXPECT\_NE(NULL, ptr) and ASSERT\_NE(NULL, ptr)? ##
+
+Due to some peculiarity of C++, it requires some non-trivial template
+meta programming tricks to support using `NULL` as an argument of the
+`EXPECT_XX()` and `ASSERT_XX()` macros. Therefore we only do it where
+it's most needed (otherwise we make the implementation of Google Test
+harder to maintain and more error-prone than necessary).
+
+The `EXPECT_EQ()` macro takes the _expected_ value as its first
+argument and the _actual_ value as the second. It's reasonable that
+someone wants to write `EXPECT_EQ(NULL, some_expression)`, and this
+indeed was requested several times. Therefore we implemented it.
+
+The need for `EXPECT_NE(NULL, ptr)` isn't nearly as strong. When the
+assertion fails, you already know that `ptr` must be `NULL`, so it
+doesn't add any information to print ptr in this case. That means
+`EXPECT_TRUE(ptr ! NULL)` works just as well.
+
+If we were to support `EXPECT_NE(NULL, ptr)`, for consistency we'll
+have to support `EXPECT_NE(ptr, NULL)` as well, as unlike `EXPECT_EQ`,
+we don't have a convention on the order of the two arguments for
+`EXPECT_NE`. This means using the template meta programming tricks
+twice in the implementation, making it even harder to understand and
+maintain. We believe the benefit doesn't justify the cost.
+
+Finally, with the growth of Google Mock's [matcher](../../CookBook.md#using-matchers-in-google-test-assertions) library, we are
+encouraging people to use the unified `EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher)`
+syntax more often in tests. One significant advantage of the matcher
+approach is that matchers can be easily combined to form new matchers,
+while the `EXPECT_NE`, etc, macros cannot be easily
+combined. Therefore we want to invest more in the matchers than in the
+`EXPECT_XX()` macros.
+
+## Does Google Test support running tests in parallel? ##
+
+Test runners tend to be tightly coupled with the build/test
+environment, and Google Test doesn't try to solve the problem of
+running tests in parallel.  Instead, we tried to make Google Test work
+nicely with test runners.  For example, Google Test's XML report
+contains the time spent on each test, and its `gtest_list_tests` and
+`gtest_filter` flags can be used for splitting the execution of test
+methods into multiple processes.  These functionalities can help the
+test runner run the tests in parallel.
+
+## Why don't Google Test run the tests in different threads to speed things up? ##
+
+It's difficult to write thread-safe code.  Most tests are not written
+with thread-safety in mind, and thus may not work correctly in a
+multi-threaded setting.
+
+If you think about it, it's already hard to make your code work when
+you know what other threads are doing.  It's much harder, and
+sometimes even impossible, to make your code work when you don't know
+what other threads are doing (remember that test methods can be added,
+deleted, or modified after your test was written).  If you want to run
+the tests in parallel, you'd better run them in different processes.
+
+## Why aren't Google Test assertions implemented using exceptions? ##
+
+Our original motivation was to be able to use Google Test in projects
+that disable exceptions.  Later we realized some additional benefits
+of this approach:
+
+  1. Throwing in a destructor is undefined behavior in C++.  Not using exceptions means Google Test's assertions are safe to use in destructors.
+  1. The `EXPECT_*` family of macros will continue even after a failure, allowing multiple failures in a `TEST` to be reported in a single run. This is a popular feature, as in C++ the edit-compile-test cycle is usually quite long and being able to fixing more than one thing at a time is a blessing.
+  1. If assertions are implemented using exceptions, a test may falsely ignore a failure if it's caught by user code:
+```
+try { ... ASSERT_TRUE(...) ... }
+catch (...) { ... }
+```
+The above code will pass even if the `ASSERT_TRUE` throws.  While it's unlikely for someone to write this in a test, it's possible to run into this pattern when you write assertions in callbacks that are called by the code under test.
+
+The downside of not using exceptions is that `ASSERT_*` (implemented
+using `return`) will only abort the current function, not the current
+`TEST`.
+
+## Why do we use two different macros for tests with and without fixtures? ##
+
+Unfortunately, C++'s macro system doesn't allow us to use the same
+macro for both cases.  One possibility is to provide only one macro
+for tests with fixtures, and require the user to define an empty
+fixture sometimes:
+
+```
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {};
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, DoesThis) { ... }
+```
+or
+```
+typedef ::testing::Test FooTest;
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, DoesThat) { ... }
+```
+
+Yet, many people think this is one line too many. :-) Our goal was to
+make it really easy to write tests, so we tried to make simple tests
+trivial to create.  That means using a separate macro for such tests.
+
+We think neither approach is ideal, yet either of them is reasonable.
+In the end, it probably doesn't matter much either way.
+
+## Why don't we use structs as test fixtures? ##
+
+We like to use structs only when representing passive data.  This
+distinction between structs and classes is good for documenting the
+intent of the code's author.  Since test fixtures have logic like
+`SetUp()` and `TearDown()`, they are better defined as classes.
+
+## Why are death tests implemented as assertions instead of using a test runner? ##
+
+Our goal was to make death tests as convenient for a user as C++
+possibly allows.  In particular:
+
+  * The runner-style requires to split the information into two pieces: the definition of the death test itself, and the specification for the runner on how to run the death test and what to expect.  The death test would be written in C++, while the runner spec may or may not be.  A user needs to carefully keep the two in sync. `ASSERT_DEATH(statement, expected_message)` specifies all necessary information in one place, in one language, without boilerplate code. It is very declarative.
+  * `ASSERT_DEATH` has a similar syntax and error-reporting semantics as other Google Test assertions, and thus is easy to learn.
+  * `ASSERT_DEATH` can be mixed with other assertions and other logic at your will.  You are not limited to one death test per test method. For example, you can write something like:
+```
+    if (FooCondition()) {
+      ASSERT_DEATH(Bar(), "blah");
+    } else {
+      ASSERT_EQ(5, Bar());
+    }
+```
+If you prefer one death test per test method, you can write your tests in that style too, but we don't want to impose that on the users.  The fewer artificial limitations the better.
+  * `ASSERT_DEATH` can reference local variables in the current function, and you can decide how many death tests you want based on run-time information.  For example,
+```
+    const int count = GetCount();  // Only known at run time.
+    for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++) {
+      ASSERT_DEATH({
+        double* buffer = new double[i];
+        ... initializes buffer ...
+        Foo(buffer, i)
+      }, "blah blah");
+    }
+```
+The runner-based approach tends to be more static and less flexible, or requires more user effort to get this kind of flexibility.
+
+Another interesting thing about `ASSERT_DEATH` is that it calls `fork()`
+to create a child process to run the death test.  This is lightening
+fast, as `fork()` uses copy-on-write pages and incurs almost zero
+overhead, and the child process starts from the user-supplied
+statement directly, skipping all global and local initialization and
+any code leading to the given statement.  If you launch the child
+process from scratch, it can take seconds just to load everything and
+start running if the test links to many libraries dynamically.
+
+## My death test modifies some state, but the change seems lost after the death test finishes. Why? ##
+
+Death tests (`EXPECT_DEATH`, etc) are executed in a sub-process s.t. the
+expected crash won't kill the test program (i.e. the parent process). As a
+result, any in-memory side effects they incur are observable in their
+respective sub-processes, but not in the parent process. You can think of them
+as running in a parallel universe, more or less.
+
+## The compiler complains about "undefined references" to some static const member variables, but I did define them in the class body. What's wrong? ##
+
+If your class has a static data member:
+
+```
+// foo.h
+class Foo {
+  ...
+  static const int kBar = 100;
+};
+```
+
+You also need to define it _outside_ of the class body in `foo.cc`:
+
+```
+const int Foo::kBar;  // No initializer here.
+```
+
+Otherwise your code is **invalid C++**, and may break in unexpected ways. In
+particular, using it in Google Test comparison assertions (`EXPECT_EQ`, etc)
+will generate an "undefined reference" linker error.
+
+## I have an interface that has several implementations. Can I write a set of tests once and repeat them over all the implementations? ##
+
+Google Test doesn't yet have good support for this kind of tests, or
+data-driven tests in general. We hope to be able to make improvements in this
+area soon.
+
+## Can I derive a test fixture from another? ##
+
+Yes.
+
+Each test fixture has a corresponding and same named test case. This means only
+one test case can use a particular fixture. Sometimes, however, multiple test
+cases may want to use the same or slightly different fixtures. For example, you
+may want to make sure that all of a GUI library's test cases don't leak
+important system resources like fonts and brushes.
+
+In Google Test, you share a fixture among test cases by putting the shared
+logic in a base test fixture, then deriving from that base a separate fixture
+for each test case that wants to use this common logic. You then use `TEST_F()`
+to write tests using each derived fixture.
+
+Typically, your code looks like this:
+
+```
+// Defines a base test fixture.
+class BaseTest : public ::testing::Test {
+  protected:
+   ...
+};
+
+// Derives a fixture FooTest from BaseTest.
+class FooTest : public BaseTest {
+  protected:
+    virtual void SetUp() {
+      BaseTest::SetUp();  // Sets up the base fixture first.
+      ... additional set-up work ...
+    }
+    virtual void TearDown() {
+      ... clean-up work for FooTest ...
+      BaseTest::TearDown();  // Remember to tear down the base fixture
+                             // after cleaning up FooTest!
+    }
+    ... functions and variables for FooTest ...
+};
+
+// Tests that use the fixture FooTest.
+TEST_F(FooTest, Bar) { ... }
+TEST_F(FooTest, Baz) { ... }
+
+... additional fixtures derived from BaseTest ...
+```
+
+If necessary, you can continue to derive test fixtures from a derived fixture.
+Google Test has no limit on how deep the hierarchy can be.
+
+For a complete example using derived test fixtures, see
+[sample5](../samples/sample5_unittest.cc).
+
+## My compiler complains "void value not ignored as it ought to be." What does this mean? ##
+
+You're probably using an `ASSERT_*()` in a function that doesn't return `void`.
+`ASSERT_*()` can only be used in `void` functions.
+
+## My death test hangs (or seg-faults). How do I fix it? ##
+
+In Google Test, death tests are run in a child process and the way they work is
+delicate. To write death tests you really need to understand how they work.
+Please make sure you have read this.
+
+In particular, death tests don't like having multiple threads in the parent
+process. So the first thing you can try is to eliminate creating threads
+outside of `EXPECT_DEATH()`.
+
+Sometimes this is impossible as some library you must use may be creating
+threads before `main()` is even reached. In this case, you can try to minimize
+the chance of conflicts by either moving as many activities as possible inside
+`EXPECT_DEATH()` (in the extreme case, you want to move everything inside), or
+leaving as few things as possible in it. Also, you can try to set the death
+test style to `"threadsafe"`, which is safer but slower, and see if it helps.
+
+If you go with thread-safe death tests, remember that they rerun the test
+program from the beginning in the child process. Therefore make sure your
+program can run side-by-side with itself and is deterministic.
+
+In the end, this boils down to good concurrent programming. You have to make
+sure that there is no race conditions or dead locks in your program. No silver
+bullet - sorry!
+
+## Should I use the constructor/destructor of the test fixture or the set-up/tear-down function? ##
+
+The first thing to remember is that Google Test does not reuse the
+same test fixture object across multiple tests. For each `TEST_F`,
+Google Test will create a fresh test fixture object, _immediately_
+call `SetUp()`, run the test, call `TearDown()`, and then
+_immediately_ delete the test fixture object. Therefore, there is no
+need to write a `SetUp()` or `TearDown()` function if the constructor
+or destructor already does the job.
+
+You may still want to use `SetUp()/TearDown()` in the following cases:
+  * If the tear-down operation could throw an exception, you must use `TearDown()` as opposed to the destructor, as throwing in a destructor leads to undefined behavior and usually will kill your program right away. Note that many standard libraries (like STL) may throw when exceptions are enabled in the compiler. Therefore you should prefer `TearDown()` if you want to write portable tests that work with or without exceptions.
+  * The Google Test team is considering making the assertion macros throw on platforms where exceptions are enabled (e.g. Windows, Mac OS, and Linux client-side), which will eliminate the need for the user to propagate failures from a subroutine to its caller. Therefore, you shouldn't use Google Test assertions in a destructor if your code could run on such a platform.
+  * In a constructor or destructor, you cannot make a virtual function call on this object. (You can call a method declared as virtual, but it will be statically bound.) Therefore, if you need to call a method that will be overriden in a derived class, you have to use `SetUp()/TearDown()`.
+
+## The compiler complains "no matching function to call" when I use ASSERT\_PREDn. How do I fix it? ##
+
+If the predicate function you use in `ASSERT_PRED*` or `EXPECT_PRED*` is
+overloaded or a template, the compiler will have trouble figuring out which
+overloaded version it should use. `ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT*` and
+`EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT*` don't have this problem.
+
+If you see this error, you might want to switch to
+`(ASSERT|EXPECT)_PRED_FORMAT*`, which will also give you a better failure
+message. If, however, that is not an option, you can resolve the problem by
+explicitly telling the compiler which version to pick.
+
+For example, suppose you have
+
+```
+bool IsPositive(int n) {
+  return n > 0;
+}
+bool IsPositive(double x) {
+  return x > 0;
+}
+```
+
+you will get a compiler error if you write
+
+```
+EXPECT_PRED1(IsPositive, 5);
+```
+
+However, this will work:
+
+```
+EXPECT_PRED1(*static_cast<bool (*)(int)>*(IsPositive), 5);
+```
+
+(The stuff inside the angled brackets for the `static_cast` operator is the
+type of the function pointer for the `int`-version of `IsPositive()`.)
+
+As another example, when you have a template function
+
+```
+template <typename T>
+bool IsNegative(T x) {
+  return x < 0;
+}
+```
+
+you can use it in a predicate assertion like this:
+
+```
+ASSERT_PRED1(IsNegative*<int>*, -5);
+```
+
+Things are more interesting if your template has more than one parameters. The
+following won't compile:
+
+```
+ASSERT_PRED2(*GreaterThan<int, int>*, 5, 0);
+```
+
+
+as the C++ pre-processor thinks you are giving `ASSERT_PRED2` 4 arguments,
+which is one more than expected. The workaround is to wrap the predicate
+function in parentheses:
+
+```
+ASSERT_PRED2(*(GreaterThan<int, int>)*, 5, 0);
+```
+
+
+## My compiler complains about "ignoring return value" when I call RUN\_ALL\_TESTS(). Why? ##
+
+Some people had been ignoring the return value of `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`. That is,
+instead of
+
+```
+return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+```
+
+they write
+
+```
+RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+```
+
+This is wrong and dangerous. A test runner needs to see the return value of
+`RUN_ALL_TESTS()` in order to determine if a test has passed. If your `main()`
+function ignores it, your test will be considered successful even if it has a
+Google Test assertion failure. Very bad.
+
+To help the users avoid this dangerous bug, the implementation of
+`RUN_ALL_TESTS()` causes gcc to raise this warning, when the return value is
+ignored. If you see this warning, the fix is simple: just make sure its value
+is used as the return value of `main()`.
+
+## My compiler complains that a constructor (or destructor) cannot return a value. What's going on? ##
+
+Due to a peculiarity of C++, in order to support the syntax for streaming
+messages to an `ASSERT_*`, e.g.
+
+```
+ASSERT_EQ(1, Foo()) << "blah blah" << foo;
+```
+
+we had to give up using `ASSERT*` and `FAIL*` (but not `EXPECT*` and
+`ADD_FAILURE*`) in constructors and destructors. The workaround is to move the
+content of your constructor/destructor to a private void member function, or
+switch to `EXPECT_*()` if that works. This section in the user's guide explains
+it.
+
+## My set-up function is not called. Why? ##
+
+C++ is case-sensitive. It should be spelled as `SetUp()`.  Did you
+spell it as `Setup()`?
+
+Similarly, sometimes people spell `SetUpTestCase()` as `SetupTestCase()` and
+wonder why it's never called.
+
+## How do I jump to the line of a failure in Emacs directly? ##
+
+Google Test's failure message format is understood by Emacs and many other
+IDEs, like acme and XCode. If a Google Test message is in a compilation buffer
+in Emacs, then it's clickable. You can now hit `enter` on a message to jump to
+the corresponding source code, or use `C-x `` to jump to the next failure.
+
+## I have several test cases which share the same test fixture logic, do I have to define a new test fixture class for each of them? This seems pretty tedious. ##
+
+You don't have to. Instead of
+
+```
+class FooTest : public BaseTest {};
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Abc) { ... }
+TEST_F(FooTest, Def) { ... }
+
+class BarTest : public BaseTest {};
+
+TEST_F(BarTest, Abc) { ... }
+TEST_F(BarTest, Def) { ... }
+```
+
+you can simply `typedef` the test fixtures:
+```
+typedef BaseTest FooTest;
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Abc) { ... }
+TEST_F(FooTest, Def) { ... }
+
+typedef BaseTest BarTest;
+
+TEST_F(BarTest, Abc) { ... }
+TEST_F(BarTest, Def) { ... }
+```
+
+## The Google Test output is buried in a whole bunch of log messages. What do I do? ##
+
+The Google Test output is meant to be a concise and human-friendly report. If
+your test generates textual output itself, it will mix with the Google Test
+output, making it hard to read. However, there is an easy solution to this
+problem.
+
+Since most log messages go to stderr, we decided to let Google Test output go
+to stdout. This way, you can easily separate the two using redirection. For
+example:
+```
+./my_test > googletest_output.txt
+```
+
+## Why should I prefer test fixtures over global variables? ##
+
+There are several good reasons:
+  1. It's likely your test needs to change the states of its global variables. This makes it difficult to keep side effects from escaping one test and contaminating others, making debugging difficult. By using fixtures, each test has a fresh set of variables that's different (but with the same names). Thus, tests are kept independent of each other.
+  1. Global variables pollute the global namespace.
+  1. Test fixtures can be reused via subclassing, which cannot be done easily with global variables. This is useful if many test cases have something in common.
+
+## How do I test private class members without writing FRIEND\_TEST()s? ##
+
+You should try to write testable code, which means classes should be easily
+tested from their public interface. One way to achieve this is the Pimpl idiom:
+you move all private members of a class into a helper class, and make all
+members of the helper class public.
+
+You have several other options that don't require using `FRIEND_TEST`:
+  * Write the tests as members of the fixture class:
+```
+class Foo {
+  friend class FooTest;
+  ...
+};
+
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  ...
+  void Test1() {...} // This accesses private members of class Foo.
+  void Test2() {...} // So does this one.
+};
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Test1) {
+  Test1();
+}
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Test2) {
+  Test2();
+}
+```
+  * In the fixture class, write accessors for the tested class' private members, then use the accessors in your tests:
+```
+class Foo {
+  friend class FooTest;
+  ...
+};
+
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  ...
+  T1 get_private_member1(Foo* obj) {
+    return obj->private_member1_;
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Test1) {
+  ...
+  get_private_member1(x)
+  ...
+}
+```
+  * If the methods are declared **protected**, you can change their access level in a test-only subclass:
+```
+class YourClass {
+  ...
+ protected: // protected access for testability.
+  int DoSomethingReturningInt();
+  ...
+};
+
+// in the your_class_test.cc file:
+class TestableYourClass : public YourClass {
+  ...
+ public: using YourClass::DoSomethingReturningInt; // changes access rights
+  ...
+};
+
+TEST_F(YourClassTest, DoSomethingTest) {
+  TestableYourClass obj;
+  assertEquals(expected_value, obj.DoSomethingReturningInt());
+}
+```
+
+## How do I test private class static members without writing FRIEND\_TEST()s? ##
+
+We find private static methods clutter the header file.  They are
+implementation details and ideally should be kept out of a .h. So often I make
+them free functions instead.
+
+Instead of:
+```
+// foo.h
+class Foo {
+  ...
+ private:
+  static bool Func(int n);
+};
+
+// foo.cc
+bool Foo::Func(int n) { ... }
+
+// foo_test.cc
+EXPECT_TRUE(Foo::Func(12345));
+```
+
+You probably should better write:
+```
+// foo.h
+class Foo {
+  ...
+};
+
+// foo.cc
+namespace internal {
+  bool Func(int n) { ... }
+}
+
+// foo_test.cc
+namespace internal {
+  bool Func(int n);
+}
+
+EXPECT_TRUE(internal::Func(12345));
+```
+
+## I would like to run a test several times with different parameters. Do I need to write several similar copies of it? ##
+
+No. You can use a feature called [value-parameterized tests](V1_6_AdvancedGuide.md#Value_Parameterized_Tests) which
+lets you repeat your tests with different parameters, without defining it more than once.
+
+## How do I test a file that defines main()? ##
+
+To test a `foo.cc` file, you need to compile and link it into your unit test
+program. However, when the file contains a definition for the `main()`
+function, it will clash with the `main()` of your unit test, and will result in
+a build error.
+
+The right solution is to split it into three files:
+  1. `foo.h` which contains the declarations,
+  1. `foo.cc` which contains the definitions except `main()`, and
+  1. `foo_main.cc` which contains nothing but the definition of `main()`.
+
+Then `foo.cc` can be easily tested.
+
+If you are adding tests to an existing file and don't want an intrusive change
+like this, there is a hack: just include the entire `foo.cc` file in your unit
+test. For example:
+```
+// File foo_unittest.cc
+
+// The headers section
+...
+
+// Renames main() in foo.cc to make room for the unit test main()
+#define main FooMain
+
+#include "a/b/foo.cc"
+
+// The tests start here.
+...
+```
+
+
+However, please remember this is a hack and should only be used as the last
+resort.
+
+## What can the statement argument in ASSERT\_DEATH() be? ##
+
+`ASSERT_DEATH(_statement_, _regex_)` (or any death assertion macro) can be used
+wherever `_statement_` is valid. So basically `_statement_` can be any C++
+statement that makes sense in the current context. In particular, it can
+reference global and/or local variables, and can be:
+  * a simple function call (often the case),
+  * a complex expression, or
+  * a compound statement.
+
+> Some examples are shown here:
+
+```
+// A death test can be a simple function call.
+TEST(MyDeathTest, FunctionCall) {
+  ASSERT_DEATH(Xyz(5), "Xyz failed");
+}
+
+// Or a complex expression that references variables and functions.
+TEST(MyDeathTest, ComplexExpression) {
+  const bool c = Condition();
+  ASSERT_DEATH((c ? Func1(0) : object2.Method("test")),
+               "(Func1|Method) failed");
+}
+
+// Death assertions can be used any where in a function. In
+// particular, they can be inside a loop.
+TEST(MyDeathTest, InsideLoop) {
+  // Verifies that Foo(0), Foo(1), ..., and Foo(4) all die.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+    EXPECT_DEATH_M(Foo(i), "Foo has \\d+ errors",
+                   ::testing::Message() << "where i is " << i);
+  }
+}
+
+// A death assertion can contain a compound statement.
+TEST(MyDeathTest, CompoundStatement) {
+  // Verifies that at lease one of Bar(0), Bar(1), ..., and
+  // Bar(4) dies.
+  ASSERT_DEATH({
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+      Bar(i);
+    }
+  },
+  "Bar has \\d+ errors");}
+```
+
+`googletest_unittest.cc` contains more examples if you are interested.
+
+## What syntax does the regular expression in ASSERT\_DEATH use? ##
+
+On POSIX systems, Google Test uses the POSIX Extended regular
+expression syntax
+(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression#POSIX_Extended_Regular_Expressions).
+On Windows, it uses a limited variant of regular expression
+syntax. For more details, see the
+[regular expression syntax](V1_6_AdvancedGuide.md#Regular_Expression_Syntax).
+
+## I have a fixture class Foo, but TEST\_F(Foo, Bar) gives me error "no matching function for call to Foo::Foo()". Why? ##
+
+Google Test needs to be able to create objects of your test fixture class, so
+it must have a default constructor. Normally the compiler will define one for
+you. However, there are cases where you have to define your own:
+  * If you explicitly declare a non-default constructor for class `Foo`, then you need to define a default constructor, even if it would be empty.
+  * If `Foo` has a const non-static data member, then you have to define the default constructor _and_ initialize the const member in the initializer list of the constructor. (Early versions of `gcc` doesn't force you to initialize the const member. It's a bug that has been fixed in `gcc 4`.)
+
+## Why does ASSERT\_DEATH complain about previous threads that were already joined? ##
+
+With the Linux pthread library, there is no turning back once you cross the
+line from single thread to multiple threads. The first time you create a
+thread, a manager thread is created in addition, so you get 3, not 2, threads.
+Later when the thread you create joins the main thread, the thread count
+decrements by 1, but the manager thread will never be killed, so you still have
+2 threads, which means you cannot safely run a death test.
+
+The new NPTL thread library doesn't suffer from this problem, as it doesn't
+create a manager thread. However, if you don't control which machine your test
+runs on, you shouldn't depend on this.
+
+## Why does Google Test require the entire test case, instead of individual tests, to be named FOODeathTest when it uses ASSERT\_DEATH? ##
+
+Google Test does not interleave tests from different test cases. That is, it
+runs all tests in one test case first, and then runs all tests in the next test
+case, and so on. Google Test does this because it needs to set up a test case
+before the first test in it is run, and tear it down afterwords. Splitting up
+the test case would require multiple set-up and tear-down processes, which is
+inefficient and makes the semantics unclean.
+
+If we were to determine the order of tests based on test name instead of test
+case name, then we would have a problem with the following situation:
+
+```
+TEST_F(FooTest, AbcDeathTest) { ... }
+TEST_F(FooTest, Uvw) { ... }
+
+TEST_F(BarTest, DefDeathTest) { ... }
+TEST_F(BarTest, Xyz) { ... }
+```
+
+Since `FooTest.AbcDeathTest` needs to run before `BarTest.Xyz`, and we don't
+interleave tests from different test cases, we need to run all tests in the
+`FooTest` case before running any test in the `BarTest` case. This contradicts
+with the requirement to run `BarTest.DefDeathTest` before `FooTest.Uvw`.
+
+## But I don't like calling my entire test case FOODeathTest when it contains both death tests and non-death tests. What do I do? ##
+
+You don't have to, but if you like, you may split up the test case into
+`FooTest` and `FooDeathTest`, where the names make it clear that they are
+related:
+
+```
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test { ... };
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Abc) { ... }
+TEST_F(FooTest, Def) { ... }
+
+typedef FooTest FooDeathTest;
+
+TEST_F(FooDeathTest, Uvw) { ... EXPECT_DEATH(...) ... }
+TEST_F(FooDeathTest, Xyz) { ... ASSERT_DEATH(...) ... }
+```
+
+## The compiler complains about "no match for 'operator<<'" when I use an assertion. What gives? ##
+
+If you use a user-defined type `FooType` in an assertion, you must make sure
+there is an `std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const FooType&)` function
+defined such that we can print a value of `FooType`.
+
+In addition, if `FooType` is declared in a name space, the `<<` operator also
+needs to be defined in the _same_ name space.
+
+## How do I suppress the memory leak messages on Windows? ##
+
+Since the statically initialized Google Test singleton requires allocations on
+the heap, the Visual C++ memory leak detector will report memory leaks at the
+end of the program run. The easiest way to avoid this is to use the
+`_CrtMemCheckpoint` and `_CrtMemDumpAllObjectsSince` calls to not report any
+statically initialized heap objects. See MSDN for more details and additional
+heap check/debug routines.
+
+## I am building my project with Google Test in Visual Studio and all I'm getting is a bunch of linker errors (or warnings). Help! ##
+
+You may get a number of the following linker error or warnings if you
+attempt to link your test project with the Google Test library when
+your project and the are not built using the same compiler settings.
+
+  * LNK2005: symbol already defined in object
+  * LNK4217: locally defined symbol 'symbol' imported in function 'function'
+  * LNK4049: locally defined symbol 'symbol' imported
+
+The Google Test project (gtest.vcproj) has the Runtime Library option
+set to /MT (use multi-threaded static libraries, /MTd for debug). If
+your project uses something else, for example /MD (use multi-threaded
+DLLs, /MDd for debug), you need to change the setting in the Google
+Test project to match your project's.
+
+To update this setting open the project properties in the Visual
+Studio IDE then select the branch Configuration Properties | C/C++ |
+Code Generation and change the option "Runtime Library".  You may also try
+using gtest-md.vcproj instead of gtest.vcproj.
+
+## I put my tests in a library and Google Test doesn't run them. What's happening? ##
+Have you read a
+[warning](V1_6_Primer.md#important-note-for-visual-c-users) on
+the Google Test Primer page?
+
+## I want to use Google Test with Visual Studio but don't know where to start. ##
+Many people are in your position and one of the posted his solution to
+our mailing list. Here is his link:
+http://hassanjamilahmad.blogspot.com/2009/07/gtest-starters-help.html.
+
+## I am seeing compile errors mentioning std::type\_traits when I try to use Google Test on Solaris. ##
+Google Test uses parts of the standard C++ library that SunStudio does not support.
+Our users reported success using alternative implementations. Try running the build after runing this commad:
+
+`export CC=cc CXX=CC CXXFLAGS='-library=stlport4'`
+
+## How can my code detect if it is running in a test? ##
+
+If you write code that sniffs whether it's running in a test and does
+different things accordingly, you are leaking test-only logic into
+production code and there is no easy way to ensure that the test-only
+code paths aren't run by mistake in production.  Such cleverness also
+leads to
+[Heisenbugs](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unusual_software_bug#Heisenbug).
+Therefore we strongly advise against the practice, and Google Test doesn't
+provide a way to do it.
+
+In general, the recommended way to cause the code to behave
+differently under test is [dependency injection](http://jamesshore.com/Blog/Dependency-Injection-Demystified.html).
+You can inject different functionality from the test and from the
+production code.  Since your production code doesn't link in the
+for-test logic at all, there is no danger in accidentally running it.
+
+However, if you _really_, _really_, _really_ have no choice, and if
+you follow the rule of ending your test program names with `_test`,
+you can use the _horrible_ hack of sniffing your executable name
+(`argv[0]` in `main()`) to know whether the code is under test.
+
+## Google Test defines a macro that clashes with one defined by another library. How do I deal with that? ##
+
+In C++, macros don't obey namespaces.  Therefore two libraries that
+both define a macro of the same name will clash if you `#include` both
+definitions.  In case a Google Test macro clashes with another
+library, you can force Google Test to rename its macro to avoid the
+conflict.
+
+Specifically, if both Google Test and some other code define macro
+`FOO`, you can add
+```
+  -DGTEST_DONT_DEFINE_FOO=1
+```
+to the compiler flags to tell Google Test to change the macro's name
+from `FOO` to `GTEST_FOO`. For example, with `-DGTEST_DONT_DEFINE_TEST=1`, you'll need to write
+```
+  GTEST_TEST(SomeTest, DoesThis) { ... }
+```
+instead of
+```
+  TEST(SomeTest, DoesThis) { ... }
+```
+in order to define a test.
+
+Currently, the following `TEST`, `FAIL`, `SUCCEED`, and the basic comparison assertion macros can have alternative names. You can see the full list of covered macros [here](http://www.google.com/codesearch?q=if+!GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_\w%2B+package:http://googletest\.googlecode\.com+file:/include/gtest/gtest.h). More information can be found in the "Avoiding Macro Name Clashes" section of the README file.
+
+## My question is not covered in your FAQ! ##
+
+If you cannot find the answer to your question in this FAQ, there are
+some other resources you can use:
+
+  1. read other [wiki pages](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/w/list),
+  1. search the mailing list [archive](http://groups.google.com/group/googletestframework/topics),
+  1. ask it on [googletestframework@googlegroups.com](mailto:googletestframework@googlegroups.com) and someone will answer it (to prevent spam, we require you to join the [discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googletestframework) before you can post.).
+
+Please note that creating an issue in the
+[issue tracker](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/issues/list) is _not_
+a good way to get your answer, as it is monitored infrequently by a
+very small number of people.
+
+When asking a question, it's helpful to provide as much of the
+following information as possible (people cannot help you if there's
+not enough information in your question):
+
+  * the version (or the revision number if you check out from SVN directly) of Google Test you use (Google Test is under active development, so it's possible that your problem has been solved in a later version),
+  * your operating system,
+  * the name and version of your compiler,
+  * the complete command line flags you give to your compiler,
+  * the complete compiler error messages (if the question is about compilation),
+  * the _actual_ code (ideally, a minimal but complete program) that has the problem you encounter.
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_6_Primer.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_6_Primer.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8d840ef45b9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_6_Primer.md
@@ -0,0 +1,501 @@
+
+
+# Introduction: Why Google C++ Testing Framework? #
+
+_Google C++ Testing Framework_ helps you write better C++ tests.
+
+No matter whether you work on Linux, Windows, or a Mac, if you write C++ code,
+Google Test can help you.
+
+So what makes a good test, and how does Google C++ Testing Framework fit in? We believe:
+  1. Tests should be _independent_ and _repeatable_. It's a pain to debug a test that succeeds or fails as a result of other tests.  Google C++ Testing Framework isolates the tests by running each of them on a different object. When a test fails, Google C++ Testing Framework allows you to run it in isolation for quick debugging.
+  1. Tests should be well _organized_ and reflect the structure of the tested code.  Google C++ Testing Framework groups related tests into test cases that can share data and subroutines. This common pattern is easy to recognize and makes tests easy to maintain. Such consistency is especially helpful when people switch projects and start to work on a new code base.
+  1. Tests should be _portable_ and _reusable_. The open-source community has a lot of code that is platform-neutral, its tests should also be platform-neutral.  Google C++ Testing Framework works on different OSes, with different compilers (gcc, MSVC, and others), with or without exceptions, so Google C++ Testing Framework tests can easily work with a variety of configurations.  (Note that the current release only contains build scripts for Linux - we are actively working on scripts for other platforms.)
+  1. When tests fail, they should provide as much _information_ about the problem as possible. Google C++ Testing Framework doesn't stop at the first test failure. Instead, it only stops the current test and continues with the next. You can also set up tests that report non-fatal failures after which the current test continues. Thus, you can detect and fix multiple bugs in a single run-edit-compile cycle.
+  1. The testing framework should liberate test writers from housekeeping chores and let them focus on the test _content_.  Google C++ Testing Framework automatically keeps track of all tests defined, and doesn't require the user to enumerate them in order to run them.
+  1. Tests should be _fast_. With Google C++ Testing Framework, you can reuse shared resources across tests and pay for the set-up/tear-down only once, without making tests depend on each other.
+
+Since Google C++ Testing Framework is based on the popular xUnit
+architecture, you'll feel right at home if you've used JUnit or PyUnit before.
+If not, it will take you about 10 minutes to learn the basics and get started.
+So let's go!
+
+_Note:_ We sometimes refer to Google C++ Testing Framework informally
+as _Google Test_.
+
+# Setting up a New Test Project #
+
+To write a test program using Google Test, you need to compile Google
+Test into a library and link your test with it.  We provide build
+files for some popular build systems: `msvc/` for Visual Studio,
+`xcode/` for Mac Xcode, `make/` for GNU make, `codegear/` for Borland
+C++ Builder, and the autotools script (deprecated) and
+`CMakeLists.txt` for CMake (recommended) in the Google Test root
+directory.  If your build system is not on this list, you can take a
+look at `make/Makefile` to learn how Google Test should be compiled
+(basically you want to compile `src/gtest-all.cc` with `GTEST_ROOT`
+and `GTEST_ROOT/include` in the header search path, where `GTEST_ROOT`
+is the Google Test root directory).
+
+Once you are able to compile the Google Test library, you should
+create a project or build target for your test program.  Make sure you
+have `GTEST_ROOT/include` in the header search path so that the
+compiler can find `"gtest/gtest.h"` when compiling your test.  Set up
+your test project to link with the Google Test library (for example,
+in Visual Studio, this is done by adding a dependency on
+`gtest.vcproj`).
+
+If you still have questions, take a look at how Google Test's own
+tests are built and use them as examples.
+
+# Basic Concepts #
+
+When using Google Test, you start by writing _assertions_, which are statements
+that check whether a condition is true. An assertion's result can be _success_,
+_nonfatal failure_, or _fatal failure_. If a fatal failure occurs, it aborts
+the current function; otherwise the program continues normally.
+
+_Tests_ use assertions to verify the tested code's behavior. If a test crashes
+or has a failed assertion, then it _fails_; otherwise it _succeeds_.
+
+A _test case_ contains one or many tests. You should group your tests into test
+cases that reflect the structure of the tested code. When multiple tests in a
+test case need to share common objects and subroutines, you can put them into a
+_test fixture_ class.
+
+A _test program_ can contain multiple test cases.
+
+We'll now explain how to write a test program, starting at the individual
+assertion level and building up to tests and test cases.
+
+# Assertions #
+
+Google Test assertions are macros that resemble function calls. You test a
+class or function by making assertions about its behavior. When an assertion
+fails, Google Test prints the assertion's source file and line number location,
+along with a failure message. You may also supply a custom failure message
+which will be appended to Google Test's message.
+
+The assertions come in pairs that test the same thing but have different
+effects on the current function. `ASSERT_*` versions generate fatal failures
+when they fail, and **abort the current function**. `EXPECT_*` versions generate
+nonfatal failures, which don't abort the current function. Usually `EXPECT_*`
+are preferred, as they allow more than one failures to be reported in a test.
+However, you should use `ASSERT_*` if it doesn't make sense to continue when
+the assertion in question fails.
+
+Since a failed `ASSERT_*` returns from the current function immediately,
+possibly skipping clean-up code that comes after it, it may cause a space leak.
+Depending on the nature of the leak, it may or may not be worth fixing - so
+keep this in mind if you get a heap checker error in addition to assertion
+errors.
+
+To provide a custom failure message, simply stream it into the macro using the
+`<<` operator, or a sequence of such operators. An example:
+```
+ASSERT_EQ(x.size(), y.size()) << "Vectors x and y are of unequal length";
+
+for (int i = 0; i < x.size(); ++i) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(x[i], y[i]) << "Vectors x and y differ at index " << i;
+}
+```
+
+Anything that can be streamed to an `ostream` can be streamed to an assertion
+macro--in particular, C strings and `string` objects. If a wide string
+(`wchar_t*`, `TCHAR*` in `UNICODE` mode on Windows, or `std::wstring`) is
+streamed to an assertion, it will be translated to UTF-8 when printed.
+
+## Basic Assertions ##
+
+These assertions do basic true/false condition testing.
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_TRUE(`_condition_`)`;  | `EXPECT_TRUE(`_condition_`)`;   | _condition_ is true |
+| `ASSERT_FALSE(`_condition_`)`; | `EXPECT_FALSE(`_condition_`)`;  | _condition_ is false |
+
+Remember, when they fail, `ASSERT_*` yields a fatal failure and
+returns from the current function, while `EXPECT_*` yields a nonfatal
+failure, allowing the function to continue running. In either case, an
+assertion failure means its containing test fails.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## Binary Comparison ##
+
+This section describes assertions that compare two values.
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+|`ASSERT_EQ(`_expected_`, `_actual_`);`|`EXPECT_EQ(`_expected_`, `_actual_`);`| _expected_ `==` _actual_ |
+|`ASSERT_NE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      |`EXPECT_NE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      | _val1_ `!=` _val2_ |
+|`ASSERT_LT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      |`EXPECT_LT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      | _val1_ `<` _val2_ |
+|`ASSERT_LE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      |`EXPECT_LE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      | _val1_ `<=` _val2_ |
+|`ASSERT_GT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      |`EXPECT_GT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      | _val1_ `>` _val2_ |
+|`ASSERT_GE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      |`EXPECT_GE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      | _val1_ `>=` _val2_ |
+
+In the event of a failure, Google Test prints both _val1_ and _val2_
+. In `ASSERT_EQ*` and `EXPECT_EQ*` (and all other equality assertions
+we'll introduce later), you should put the expression you want to test
+in the position of _actual_, and put its expected value in _expected_,
+as Google Test's failure messages are optimized for this convention.
+
+Value arguments must be comparable by the assertion's comparison
+operator or you'll get a compiler error.  We used to require the
+arguments to support the `<<` operator for streaming to an `ostream`,
+but it's no longer necessary since v1.6.0 (if `<<` is supported, it
+will be called to print the arguments when the assertion fails;
+otherwise Google Test will attempt to print them in the best way it
+can. For more details and how to customize the printing of the
+arguments, see this Google Mock [recipe](../../googlemock/docs/CookBook.md#teaching-google-mock-how-to-print-your-values).).
+
+These assertions can work with a user-defined type, but only if you define the
+corresponding comparison operator (e.g. `==`, `<`, etc).  If the corresponding
+operator is defined, prefer using the `ASSERT_*()` macros because they will
+print out not only the result of the comparison, but the two operands as well.
+
+Arguments are always evaluated exactly once. Therefore, it's OK for the
+arguments to have side effects. However, as with any ordinary C/C++ function,
+the arguments' evaluation order is undefined (i.e. the compiler is free to
+choose any order) and your code should not depend on any particular argument
+evaluation order.
+
+`ASSERT_EQ()` does pointer equality on pointers. If used on two C strings, it
+tests if they are in the same memory location, not if they have the same value.
+Therefore, if you want to compare C strings (e.g. `const char*`) by value, use
+`ASSERT_STREQ()` , which will be described later on. In particular, to assert
+that a C string is `NULL`, use `ASSERT_STREQ(NULL, c_string)` . However, to
+compare two `string` objects, you should use `ASSERT_EQ`.
+
+Macros in this section work with both narrow and wide string objects (`string`
+and `wstring`).
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## String Comparison ##
+
+The assertions in this group compare two **C strings**. If you want to compare
+two `string` objects, use `EXPECT_EQ`, `EXPECT_NE`, and etc instead.
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_STREQ(`_expected\_str_`, `_actual\_str_`);`    | `EXPECT_STREQ(`_expected\_str_`, `_actual\_str_`);`     | the two C strings have the same content |
+| `ASSERT_STRNE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);`    | `EXPECT_STRNE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);`     | the two C strings have different content |
+| `ASSERT_STRCASEEQ(`_expected\_str_`, `_actual\_str_`);`| `EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(`_expected\_str_`, `_actual\_str_`);` | the two C strings have the same content, ignoring case |
+| `ASSERT_STRCASENE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);`| `EXPECT_STRCASENE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);` | the two C strings have different content, ignoring case |
+
+Note that "CASE" in an assertion name means that case is ignored.
+
+`*STREQ*` and `*STRNE*` also accept wide C strings (`wchar_t*`). If a
+comparison of two wide strings fails, their values will be printed as UTF-8
+narrow strings.
+
+A `NULL` pointer and an empty string are considered _different_.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+See also: For more string comparison tricks (substring, prefix, suffix, and
+regular expression matching, for example), see the [Advanced Google Test Guide](V1_6_AdvancedGuide.md).
+
+# Simple Tests #
+
+To create a test:
+  1. Use the `TEST()` macro to define and name a test function, These are ordinary C++ functions that don't return a value.
+  1. In this function, along with any valid C++ statements you want to include, use the various Google Test assertions to check values.
+  1. The test's result is determined by the assertions; if any assertion in the test fails (either fatally or non-fatally), or if the test crashes, the entire test fails. Otherwise, it succeeds.
+
+```
+TEST(test_case_name, test_name) {
+ ... test body ...
+}
+```
+
+
+`TEST()` arguments go from general to specific. The _first_ argument is the
+name of the test case, and the _second_ argument is the test's name within the
+test case. Both names must be valid C++ identifiers, and they should not contain underscore (`_`). A test's _full name_ consists of its containing test case and its
+individual name. Tests from different test cases can have the same individual
+name.
+
+For example, let's take a simple integer function:
+```
+int Factorial(int n); // Returns the factorial of n
+```
+
+A test case for this function might look like:
+```
+// Tests factorial of 0.
+TEST(FactorialTest, HandlesZeroInput) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(0));
+}
+
+// Tests factorial of positive numbers.
+TEST(FactorialTest, HandlesPositiveInput) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, Factorial(2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(6, Factorial(3));
+  EXPECT_EQ(40320, Factorial(8));
+}
+```
+
+Google Test groups the test results by test cases, so logically-related tests
+should be in the same test case; in other words, the first argument to their
+`TEST()` should be the same. In the above example, we have two tests,
+`HandlesZeroInput` and `HandlesPositiveInput`, that belong to the same test
+case `FactorialTest`.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+# Test Fixtures: Using the Same Data Configuration for Multiple Tests #
+
+If you find yourself writing two or more tests that operate on similar data,
+you can use a _test fixture_. It allows you to reuse the same configuration of
+objects for several different tests.
+
+To create a fixture, just:
+  1. Derive a class from `::testing::Test` . Start its body with `protected:` or `public:` as we'll want to access fixture members from sub-classes.
+  1. Inside the class, declare any objects you plan to use.
+  1. If necessary, write a default constructor or `SetUp()` function to prepare the objects for each test. A common mistake is to spell `SetUp()` as `Setup()` with a small `u` - don't let that happen to you.
+  1. If necessary, write a destructor or `TearDown()` function to release any resources you allocated in `SetUp()` . To learn when you should use the constructor/destructor and when you should use `SetUp()/TearDown()`, read this [FAQ entry](V1_6_FAQ.md#should-i-use-the-constructordestructor-of-the-test-fixture-or-the-set-uptear-down-function).
+  1. If needed, define subroutines for your tests to share.
+
+When using a fixture, use `TEST_F()` instead of `TEST()` as it allows you to
+access objects and subroutines in the test fixture:
+```
+TEST_F(test_case_name, test_name) {
+ ... test body ...
+}
+```
+
+Like `TEST()`, the first argument is the test case name, but for `TEST_F()`
+this must be the name of the test fixture class. You've probably guessed: `_F`
+is for fixture.
+
+Unfortunately, the C++ macro system does not allow us to create a single macro
+that can handle both types of tests. Using the wrong macro causes a compiler
+error.
+
+Also, you must first define a test fixture class before using it in a
+`TEST_F()`, or you'll get the compiler error "`virtual outside class
+declaration`".
+
+For each test defined with `TEST_F()`, Google Test will:
+  1. Create a _fresh_ test fixture at runtime
+  1. Immediately initialize it via `SetUp()` ,
+  1. Run the test
+  1. Clean up by calling `TearDown()`
+  1. Delete the test fixture.  Note that different tests in the same test case have different test fixture objects, and Google Test always deletes a test fixture before it creates the next one. Google Test does not reuse the same test fixture for multiple tests. Any changes one test makes to the fixture do not affect other tests.
+
+As an example, let's write tests for a FIFO queue class named `Queue`, which
+has the following interface:
+```
+template <typename E> // E is the element type.
+class Queue {
+ public:
+  Queue();
+  void Enqueue(const E& element);
+  E* Dequeue(); // Returns NULL if the queue is empty.
+  size_t size() const;
+  ...
+};
+```
+
+First, define a fixture class. By convention, you should give it the name
+`FooTest` where `Foo` is the class being tested.
+```
+class QueueTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    q1_.Enqueue(1);
+    q2_.Enqueue(2);
+    q2_.Enqueue(3);
+  }
+
+  // virtual void TearDown() {}
+
+  Queue<int> q0_;
+  Queue<int> q1_;
+  Queue<int> q2_;
+};
+```
+
+In this case, `TearDown()` is not needed since we don't have to clean up after
+each test, other than what's already done by the destructor.
+
+Now we'll write tests using `TEST_F()` and this fixture.
+```
+TEST_F(QueueTest, IsEmptyInitially) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, q0_.size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(QueueTest, DequeueWorks) {
+  int* n = q0_.Dequeue();
+  EXPECT_EQ(NULL, n);
+
+  n = q1_.Dequeue();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, *n);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, q1_.size());
+  delete n;
+
+  n = q2_.Dequeue();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, *n);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, q2_.size());
+  delete n;
+}
+```
+
+The above uses both `ASSERT_*` and `EXPECT_*` assertions. The rule of thumb is
+to use `EXPECT_*` when you want the test to continue to reveal more errors
+after the assertion failure, and use `ASSERT_*` when continuing after failure
+doesn't make sense. For example, the second assertion in the `Dequeue` test is
+`ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL)`, as we need to dereference the pointer `n` later,
+which would lead to a segfault when `n` is `NULL`.
+
+When these tests run, the following happens:
+  1. Google Test constructs a `QueueTest` object (let's call it `t1` ).
+  1. `t1.SetUp()` initializes `t1` .
+  1. The first test ( `IsEmptyInitially` ) runs on `t1` .
+  1. `t1.TearDown()` cleans up after the test finishes.
+  1. `t1` is destructed.
+  1. The above steps are repeated on another `QueueTest` object, this time running the `DequeueWorks` test.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+_Note_: Google Test automatically saves all _Google Test_ flags when a test
+object is constructed, and restores them when it is destructed.
+
+# Invoking the Tests #
+
+`TEST()` and `TEST_F()` implicitly register their tests with Google Test. So, unlike with many other C++ testing frameworks, you don't have to re-list all your defined tests in order to run them.
+
+After defining your tests, you can run them with `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` , which returns `0` if all the tests are successful, or `1` otherwise. Note that `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` runs _all tests_ in your link unit -- they can be from different test cases, or even different source files.
+
+When invoked, the `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` macro:
+  1. Saves the state of all  Google Test flags.
+  1. Creates a test fixture object for the first test.
+  1. Initializes it via `SetUp()`.
+  1. Runs the test on the fixture object.
+  1. Cleans up the fixture via `TearDown()`.
+  1. Deletes the fixture.
+  1. Restores the state of all Google Test flags.
+  1. Repeats the above steps for the next test, until all tests have run.
+
+In addition, if the text fixture's constructor generates a fatal failure in
+step 2, there is no point for step 3 - 5 and they are thus skipped. Similarly,
+if step 3 generates a fatal failure, step 4 will be skipped.
+
+_Important_: You must not ignore the return value of `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`, or `gcc`
+will give you a compiler error. The rationale for this design is that the
+automated testing service determines whether a test has passed based on its
+exit code, not on its stdout/stderr output; thus your `main()` function must
+return the value of `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`.
+
+Also, you should call `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` only **once**. Calling it more than once
+conflicts with some advanced Google Test features (e.g. thread-safe death
+tests) and thus is not supported.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+# Writing the main() Function #
+
+You can start from this boilerplate:
+```
+#include "this/package/foo.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace {
+
+// The fixture for testing class Foo.
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  // You can remove any or all of the following functions if its body
+  // is empty.
+
+  FooTest() {
+    // You can do set-up work for each test here.
+  }
+
+  virtual ~FooTest() {
+    // You can do clean-up work that doesn't throw exceptions here.
+  }
+
+  // If the constructor and destructor are not enough for setting up
+  // and cleaning up each test, you can define the following methods:
+
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    // Code here will be called immediately after the constructor (right
+    // before each test).
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    // Code here will be called immediately after each test (right
+    // before the destructor).
+  }
+
+  // Objects declared here can be used by all tests in the test case for Foo.
+};
+
+// Tests that the Foo::Bar() method does Abc.
+TEST_F(FooTest, MethodBarDoesAbc) {
+  const string input_filepath = "this/package/testdata/myinputfile.dat";
+  const string output_filepath = "this/package/testdata/myoutputfile.dat";
+  Foo f;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, f.Bar(input_filepath, output_filepath));
+}
+
+// Tests that Foo does Xyz.
+TEST_F(FooTest, DoesXyz) {
+  // Exercises the Xyz feature of Foo.
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
+```
+
+The `::testing::InitGoogleTest()` function parses the command line for Google
+Test flags, and removes all recognized flags. This allows the user to control a
+test program's behavior via various flags, which we'll cover in [AdvancedGuide](V1_6_AdvancedGuide.md).
+You must call this function before calling `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`, or the flags
+won't be properly initialized.
+
+On Windows, `InitGoogleTest()` also works with wide strings, so it can be used
+in programs compiled in `UNICODE` mode as well.
+
+But maybe you think that writing all those main() functions is too much work? We agree with you completely and that's why Google Test provides a basic implementation of main(). If it fits your needs, then just link your test with gtest\_main library and you are good to go.
+
+## Important note for Visual C++ users ##
+If you put your tests into a library and your `main()` function is in a different library or in your .exe file, those tests will not run. The reason is a [bug](https://connect.microsoft.com/feedback/viewfeedback.aspx?FeedbackID=244410&siteid=210) in Visual C++. When you define your tests, Google Test creates certain static objects to register them. These objects are not referenced from elsewhere but their constructors are still supposed to run. When Visual C++ linker sees that nothing in the library is referenced from other places it throws the library out. You have to reference your library with tests from your main program to keep the linker from discarding it. Here is how to do it. Somewhere in your library code declare a function:
+```
+__declspec(dllexport) int PullInMyLibrary() { return 0; }
+```
+If you put your tests in a static library (not DLL) then `__declspec(dllexport)` is not required. Now, in your main program, write a code that invokes that function:
+```
+int PullInMyLibrary();
+static int dummy = PullInMyLibrary();
+```
+This will keep your tests referenced and will make them register themselves at startup.
+
+In addition, if you define your tests in a static library, add `/OPT:NOREF` to your main program linker options. If you use MSVC++ IDE, go to your .exe project properties/Configuration Properties/Linker/Optimization and set References setting to `Keep Unreferenced Data (/OPT:NOREF)`. This will keep Visual C++ linker from discarding individual symbols generated by your tests from the final executable.
+
+There is one more pitfall, though. If you use Google Test as a static library (that's how it is defined in gtest.vcproj) your tests must also reside in a static library. If you have to have them in a DLL, you _must_ change Google Test to build into a DLL as well. Otherwise your tests will not run correctly or will not run at all. The general conclusion here is: make your life easier - do not write your tests in libraries!
+
+# Where to Go from Here #
+
+Congratulations! You've learned the Google Test basics. You can start writing
+and running Google Test tests, read some [samples](V1_6_Samples.md), or continue with
+[AdvancedGuide](V1_6_AdvancedGuide.md), which describes many more useful Google Test features.
+
+# Known Limitations #
+
+Google Test is designed to be thread-safe.  The implementation is
+thread-safe on systems where the `pthreads` library is available.  It
+is currently _unsafe_ to use Google Test assertions from two threads
+concurrently on other systems (e.g. Windows).  In most tests this is
+not an issue as usually the assertions are done in the main thread. If
+you want to help, you can volunteer to implement the necessary
+synchronization primitives in `gtest-port.h` for your platform.
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_6_PumpManual.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_6_PumpManual.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8184f153ca2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_6_PumpManual.md
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+
+
+<b>P</b>ump is <b>U</b>seful for <b>M</b>eta <b>P</b>rogramming.
+
+# The Problem #
+
+Template and macro libraries often need to define many classes,
+functions, or macros that vary only (or almost only) in the number of
+arguments they take. It's a lot of repetitive, mechanical, and
+error-prone work.
+
+Variadic templates and variadic macros can alleviate the problem.
+However, while both are being considered by the C++ committee, neither
+is in the standard yet or widely supported by compilers.  Thus they
+are often not a good choice, especially when your code needs to be
+portable. And their capabilities are still limited.
+
+As a result, authors of such libraries often have to write scripts to
+generate their implementation. However, our experience is that it's
+tedious to write such scripts, which tend to reflect the structure of
+the generated code poorly and are often hard to read and edit. For
+example, a small change needed in the generated code may require some
+non-intuitive, non-trivial changes in the script. This is especially
+painful when experimenting with the code.
+
+# Our Solution #
+
+Pump (for Pump is Useful for Meta Programming, Pretty Useful for Meta
+Programming, or Practical Utility for Meta Programming, whichever you
+prefer) is a simple meta-programming tool for C++. The idea is that a
+programmer writes a `foo.pump` file which contains C++ code plus meta
+code that manipulates the C++ code. The meta code can handle
+iterations over a range, nested iterations, local meta variable
+definitions, simple arithmetic, and conditional expressions. You can
+view it as a small Domain-Specific Language. The meta language is
+designed to be non-intrusive (s.t. it won't confuse Emacs' C++ mode,
+for example) and concise, making Pump code intuitive and easy to
+maintain.
+
+## Highlights ##
+
+  * The implementation is in a single Python script and thus ultra portable: no build or installation is needed and it works cross platforms.
+  * Pump tries to be smart with respect to [Google's style guide](http://code.google.com/p/google-styleguide/): it breaks long lines (easy to have when they are generated) at acceptable places to fit within 80 columns and indent the continuation lines correctly.
+  * The format is human-readable and more concise than XML.
+  * The format works relatively well with Emacs' C++ mode.
+
+## Examples ##
+
+The following Pump code (where meta keywords start with `$`, `[[` and `]]` are meta brackets, and `$$` starts a meta comment that ends with the line):
+
+```
+$var n = 3     $$ Defines a meta variable n.
+$range i 0..n  $$ Declares the range of meta iterator i (inclusive).
+$for i [[
+               $$ Meta loop.
+// Foo$i does blah for $i-ary predicates.
+$range j 1..i
+template <size_t N $for j [[, typename A$j]]>
+class Foo$i {
+$if i == 0 [[
+  blah a;
+]] $elif i <= 2 [[
+  blah b;
+]] $else [[
+  blah c;
+]]
+};
+
+]]
+```
+
+will be translated by the Pump compiler to:
+
+```
+// Foo0 does blah for 0-ary predicates.
+template <size_t N>
+class Foo0 {
+  blah a;
+};
+
+// Foo1 does blah for 1-ary predicates.
+template <size_t N, typename A1>
+class Foo1 {
+  blah b;
+};
+
+// Foo2 does blah for 2-ary predicates.
+template <size_t N, typename A1, typename A2>
+class Foo2 {
+  blah b;
+};
+
+// Foo3 does blah for 3-ary predicates.
+template <size_t N, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3>
+class Foo3 {
+  blah c;
+};
+```
+
+In another example,
+
+```
+$range i 1..n
+Func($for i + [[a$i]]);
+$$ The text between i and [[ is the separator between iterations.
+```
+
+will generate one of the following lines (without the comments), depending on the value of `n`:
+
+```
+Func();              // If n is 0.
+Func(a1);            // If n is 1.
+Func(a1 + a2);       // If n is 2.
+Func(a1 + a2 + a3);  // If n is 3.
+// And so on...
+```
+
+## Constructs ##
+
+We support the following meta programming constructs:
+
+| `$var id = exp` | Defines a named constant value. `$id` is valid util the end of the current meta lexical block. |
+|:----------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `$range id exp..exp` | Sets the range of an iteration variable, which can be reused in multiple loops later.          |
+| `$for id sep [[ code ]]` | Iteration. The range of `id` must have been defined earlier. `$id` is valid in `code`.         |
+| `$($)`          | Generates a single `$` character.                                                              |
+| `$id`           | Value of the named constant or iteration variable.                                             |
+| `$(exp)`        | Value of the expression.                                                                       |
+| `$if exp [[ code ]] else_branch` | Conditional.                                                                                   |
+| `[[ code ]]`    | Meta lexical block.                                                                            |
+| `cpp_code`      | Raw C++ code.                                                                                  |
+| `$$ comment`    | Meta comment.                                                                                  |
+
+**Note:** To give the user some freedom in formatting the Pump source
+code, Pump ignores a new-line character if it's right after `$for foo`
+or next to `[[` or `]]`. Without this rule you'll often be forced to write
+very long lines to get the desired output. Therefore sometimes you may
+need to insert an extra new-line in such places for a new-line to show
+up in your output.
+
+## Grammar ##
+
+```
+code ::= atomic_code*
+atomic_code ::= $var id = exp
+    | $var id = [[ code ]]
+    | $range id exp..exp
+    | $for id sep [[ code ]]
+    | $($)
+    | $id
+    | $(exp)
+    | $if exp [[ code ]] else_branch
+    | [[ code ]]
+    | cpp_code
+sep ::= cpp_code | empty_string
+else_branch ::= $else [[ code ]]
+    | $elif exp [[ code ]] else_branch
+    | empty_string
+exp ::= simple_expression_in_Python_syntax
+```
+
+## Code ##
+
+You can find the source code of Pump in [scripts/pump.py](../scripts/pump.py). It is still
+very unpolished and lacks automated tests, although it has been
+successfully used many times. If you find a chance to use it in your
+project, please let us know what you think!  We also welcome help on
+improving Pump.
+
+## Real Examples ##
+
+You can find real-world applications of Pump in [Google Test](http://www.google.com/codesearch?q=file%3A\.pump%24+package%3Ahttp%3A%2F%2Fgoogletest\.googlecode\.com) and [Google Mock](http://www.google.com/codesearch?q=file%3A\.pump%24+package%3Ahttp%3A%2F%2Fgooglemock\.googlecode\.com).  The source file `foo.h.pump` generates `foo.h`.
+
+## Tips ##
+
+  * If a meta variable is followed by a letter or digit, you can separate them using `[[]]`, which inserts an empty string. For example `Foo$j[[]]Helper` generate `Foo1Helper` when `j` is 1.
+  * To avoid extra-long Pump source lines, you can break a line anywhere you want by inserting `[[]]` followed by a new line. Since any new-line character next to `[[` or `]]` is ignored, the generated code won't contain this new line.
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_6_Samples.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_6_Samples.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f21d20056735
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_6_Samples.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+If you're like us, you'd like to look at some Google Test sample code.  The
+[samples folder](../samples) has a number of well-commented samples showing how to use a
+variety of Google Test features.
+
+  * [Sample #1](../samples/sample1_unittest.cc) shows the basic steps of using Google Test to test C++ functions.
+  * [Sample #2](../samples/sample2_unittest.cc) shows a more complex unit test for a class with multiple member functions.
+  * [Sample #3](../samples/sample3_unittest.cc) uses a test fixture.
+  * [Sample #4](../samples/sample4_unittest.cc) is another basic example of using Google Test.
+  * [Sample #5](../samples/sample5_unittest.cc) teaches how to reuse a test fixture in multiple test cases by deriving sub-fixtures from it.
+  * [Sample #6](../samples/sample6_unittest.cc) demonstrates type-parameterized tests.
+  * [Sample #7](../samples/sample7_unittest.cc) teaches the basics of value-parameterized tests.
+  * [Sample #8](../samples/sample8_unittest.cc) shows using `Combine()` in value-parameterized tests.
+  * [Sample #9](../samples/sample9_unittest.cc) shows use of the listener API to modify Google Test's console output and the use of its reflection API to inspect test results.
+  * [Sample #10](../samples/sample10_unittest.cc) shows use of the listener API to implement a primitive memory leak checker.
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_6_XcodeGuide.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_6_XcodeGuide.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bf24bf51bfc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_6_XcodeGuide.md
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+
+
+This guide will explain how to use the Google Testing Framework in your Xcode projects on Mac OS X. This tutorial begins by quickly explaining what to do for experienced users. After the quick start, the guide goes provides additional explanation about each step.
+
+# Quick Start #
+
+Here is the quick guide for using Google Test in your Xcode project.
+
+  1. Download the source from the [website](http://code.google.com/p/googletest) using this command: `svn checkout http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ googletest-read-only`
+  1. Open up the `gtest.xcodeproj` in the `googletest-read-only/xcode/` directory and build the gtest.framework.
+  1. Create a new "Shell Tool" target in your Xcode project called something like "UnitTests"
+  1. Add the gtest.framework to your project and add it to the "Link Binary with Libraries" build phase of "UnitTests"
+  1. Add your unit test source code to the "Compile Sources" build phase of "UnitTests"
+  1. Edit the "UnitTests" executable and add an environment variable named "DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH" with a value equal to the path to the framework containing the gtest.framework relative to the compiled executable.
+  1. Build and Go
+
+The following sections further explain each of the steps listed above in depth, describing in more detail how to complete it including some variations.
+
+# Get the Source #
+
+Currently, the gtest.framework discussed here isn't available in a tagged release of Google Test, it is only available in the trunk. As explained at the Google Test [site](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/source/checkout">svn), you can get the code from anonymous SVN with this command:
+
+```
+svn checkout http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ googletest-read-only
+```
+
+Alternatively, if you are working with Subversion in your own code base, you can add Google Test as an external dependency to your own Subversion repository. By following this approach, everyone that checks out your svn repository will also receive a copy of Google Test (a specific version, if you wish) without having to check it out explicitly. This makes the set up of your project simpler and reduces the copied code in the repository.
+
+To use `svn:externals`, decide where you would like to have the external source reside. You might choose to put the external source inside the trunk, because you want it to be part of the branch when you make a release. However, keeping it outside the trunk in a version-tagged directory called something like `third-party/googletest/1.0.1`, is another option. Once the location is established, use `svn propedit svn:externals _directory_` to set the svn:externals property on a directory in your repository. This directory won't contain the code, but be its versioned parent directory.
+
+The command `svn propedit` will bring up your Subversion editor, making editing the long, (potentially multi-line) property simpler. This same method can be used to check out a tagged branch, by using the appropriate URL (e.g. `http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/tags/release-1.0.1`). Additionally, the svn:externals property allows the specification of a particular revision of the trunk with the `-r_##_` option (e.g. `externals/src/googletest -r60 http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk`).
+
+Here is an example of using the svn:externals properties on a trunk (read via `svn propget`) of a project. This value checks out a copy of Google Test into the `trunk/externals/src/googletest/` directory.
+
+```
+[Computer:svn] user$ svn propget svn:externals trunk
+externals/src/googletest http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk
+```
+
+# Add the Framework to Your Project #
+
+The next step is to build and add the gtest.framework to your own project. This guide describes two common ways below.
+
+  * **Option 1** --- The simplest way to add Google Test to your own project, is to open gtest.xcodeproj (found in the xcode/ directory of the Google Test trunk) and build the framework manually. Then, add the built framework into your project using the "Add->Existing Framework..." from the context menu or "Project->Add..." from the main menu. The gtest.framework is relocatable and contains the headers and object code that you'll need to make tests. This method requires rebuilding every time you upgrade Google Test in your project.
+  * **Option 2** --- If you are going to be living off the trunk of Google Test, incorporating its latest features into your unit tests (or are a Google Test developer yourself). You'll want to rebuild the framework every time the source updates. to do this, you'll need to add the gtest.xcodeproj file, not the framework itself, to your own Xcode project. Then, from the build products that are revealed by the project's disclosure triangle, you can find the gtest.framework, which can be added to your targets (discussed below).
+
+# Make a Test Target #
+
+To start writing tests, make a new "Shell Tool" target. This target template is available under BSD, Cocoa, or Carbon. Add your unit test source code to the "Compile Sources" build phase of the target.
+
+Next, you'll want to add gtest.framework in two different ways, depending upon which option you chose above.
+
+  * **Option 1** --- During compilation, Xcode will need to know that you are linking against the gtest.framework. Add the gtest.framework to the "Link Binary with Libraries" build phase of your test target. This will include the Google Test headers in your header search path, and will tell the linker where to find the library.
+  * **Option 2** --- If your working out of the trunk, you'll also want to add gtest.framework to your "Link Binary with Libraries" build phase of your test target. In addition, you'll  want to add the gtest.framework as a dependency to your unit test target. This way, Xcode will make sure that gtest.framework is up to date, every time your build your target. Finally, if you don't share build directories with Google Test, you'll have to copy the gtest.framework into your own build products directory using a "Run Script" build phase.
+
+# Set Up the Executable Run Environment #
+
+Since the unit test executable is a shell tool, it doesn't have a bundle with a `Contents/Frameworks` directory, in which to place gtest.framework. Instead, the dynamic linker must be told at runtime to search for the framework in another location. This can be accomplished by setting the "DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH" environment variable in the "Edit Active Executable ..." Arguments tab, under "Variables to be set in the environment:". The path for this value is the path (relative or absolute) of the directory containing the gtest.framework.
+
+If you haven't set up the DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH, correctly, you might get a message like this:
+
+```
+[Session started at 2008-08-15 06:23:57 -0600.]
+  dyld: Library not loaded: @loader_path/../Frameworks/gtest.framework/Versions/A/gtest
+    Referenced from: /Users/username/Documents/Sandbox/gtestSample/build/Debug/WidgetFrameworkTest
+    Reason: image not found
+```
+
+To correct this problem, got to the directory containing the executable named in "Referenced from:" value in the error message above. Then, with the terminal in this location, find the relative path to the directory containing the gtest.framework. That is the value you'll need to set as the DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH.
+
+# Build and Go #
+
+Now, when you click "Build and Go", the test will be executed. Dumping out something like this:
+
+```
+[Session started at 2008-08-06 06:36:13 -0600.]
+[==========] Running 2 tests from 1 test case.
+[----------] Global test environment set-up.
+[----------] 2 tests from WidgetInitializerTest
+[ RUN      ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConstructor
+[       OK ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConstructor
+[ RUN      ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConversion
+[       OK ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConversion
+[----------] Global test environment tear-down
+[==========] 2 tests from 1 test case ran.
+[  PASSED  ] 2 tests.
+
+The Debugger has exited with status 0.  
+```
+
+# Summary #
+
+Unit testing is a valuable way to ensure your data model stays valid even during rapid development or refactoring. The Google Testing Framework is a great unit testing framework for C and C++ which integrates well with an Xcode development environment.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_7_AdvancedGuide.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_7_AdvancedGuide.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dd4af8f366aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_7_AdvancedGuide.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2181 @@
+
+
+Now that you have read [Primer](V1_7_Primer.md) and learned how to write tests
+using Google Test, it's time to learn some new tricks. This document
+will show you more assertions as well as how to construct complex
+failure messages, propagate fatal failures, reuse and speed up your
+test fixtures, and use various flags with your tests.
+
+# More Assertions #
+
+This section covers some less frequently used, but still significant,
+assertions.
+
+## Explicit Success and Failure ##
+
+These three assertions do not actually test a value or expression. Instead,
+they generate a success or failure directly. Like the macros that actually
+perform a test, you may stream a custom failure message into the them.
+
+| `SUCCEED();` |
+|:-------------|
+
+Generates a success. This does NOT make the overall test succeed. A test is
+considered successful only if none of its assertions fail during its execution.
+
+Note: `SUCCEED()` is purely documentary and currently doesn't generate any
+user-visible output. However, we may add `SUCCEED()` messages to Google Test's
+output in the future.
+
+| `FAIL();`  | `ADD_FAILURE();` | `ADD_FAILURE_AT("`_file\_path_`", `_line\_number_`);` |
+|:-----------|:-----------------|:------------------------------------------------------|
+
+`FAIL()` generates a fatal failure, while `ADD_FAILURE()` and `ADD_FAILURE_AT()` generate a nonfatal
+failure. These are useful when control flow, rather than a Boolean expression,
+deteremines the test's success or failure. For example, you might want to write
+something like:
+
+```
+switch(expression) {
+  case 1: ... some checks ...
+  case 2: ... some other checks
+  ...
+  default: FAIL() << "We shouldn't get here.";
+}
+```
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## Exception Assertions ##
+
+These are for verifying that a piece of code throws (or does not
+throw) an exception of the given type:
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_THROW(`_statement_, _exception\_type_`);`  | `EXPECT_THROW(`_statement_, _exception\_type_`);`  | _statement_ throws an exception of the given type  |
+| `ASSERT_ANY_THROW(`_statement_`);`                | `EXPECT_ANY_THROW(`_statement_`);`                | _statement_ throws an exception of any type        |
+| `ASSERT_NO_THROW(`_statement_`);`                 | `EXPECT_NO_THROW(`_statement_`);`                 | _statement_ doesn't throw any exception            |
+
+Examples:
+
+```
+ASSERT_THROW(Foo(5), bar_exception);
+
+EXPECT_NO_THROW({
+  int n = 5;
+  Bar(&n);
+});
+```
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac; since version 1.1.0.
+
+## Predicate Assertions for Better Error Messages ##
+
+Even though Google Test has a rich set of assertions, they can never be
+complete, as it's impossible (nor a good idea) to anticipate all the scenarios
+a user might run into. Therefore, sometimes a user has to use `EXPECT_TRUE()`
+to check a complex expression, for lack of a better macro. This has the problem
+of not showing you the values of the parts of the expression, making it hard to
+understand what went wrong. As a workaround, some users choose to construct the
+failure message by themselves, streaming it into `EXPECT_TRUE()`. However, this
+is awkward especially when the expression has side-effects or is expensive to
+evaluate.
+
+Google Test gives you three different options to solve this problem:
+
+### Using an Existing Boolean Function ###
+
+If you already have a function or a functor that returns `bool` (or a type
+that can be implicitly converted to `bool`), you can use it in a _predicate
+assertion_ to get the function arguments printed for free:
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_PRED1(`_pred1, val1_`);`       | `EXPECT_PRED1(`_pred1, val1_`);` | _pred1(val1)_ returns true |
+| `ASSERT_PRED2(`_pred2, val1, val2_`);` | `EXPECT_PRED2(`_pred2, val1, val2_`);` |  _pred2(val1, val2)_ returns true |
+|  ...                | ...                    | ...          |
+
+In the above, _predn_ is an _n_-ary predicate function or functor, where
+_val1_, _val2_, ..., and _valn_ are its arguments. The assertion succeeds
+if the predicate returns `true` when applied to the given arguments, and fails
+otherwise. When the assertion fails, it prints the value of each argument. In
+either case, the arguments are evaluated exactly once.
+
+Here's an example. Given
+
+```
+// Returns true iff m and n have no common divisors except 1.
+bool MutuallyPrime(int m, int n) { ... }
+const int a = 3;
+const int b = 4;
+const int c = 10;
+```
+
+the assertion `EXPECT_PRED2(MutuallyPrime, a, b);` will succeed, while the
+assertion `EXPECT_PRED2(MutuallyPrime, b, c);` will fail with the message
+
+<pre>
+!MutuallyPrime(b, c) is false, where<br>
+b is 4<br>
+c is 10<br>
+</pre>
+
+**Notes:**
+
+  1. If you see a compiler error "no matching function to call" when using `ASSERT_PRED*` or `EXPECT_PRED*`, please see [this](V1_7_FAQ.md#the-compiler-complains-about-undefined-references-to-some-static-const-member-variables-but-i-did-define-them-in-the-class-body-whats-wrong) for how to resolve it.
+  1. Currently we only provide predicate assertions of arity <= 5. If you need a higher-arity assertion, let us know.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac
+
+### Using a Function That Returns an AssertionResult ###
+
+While `EXPECT_PRED*()` and friends are handy for a quick job, the
+syntax is not satisfactory: you have to use different macros for
+different arities, and it feels more like Lisp than C++.  The
+`::testing::AssertionResult` class solves this problem.
+
+An `AssertionResult` object represents the result of an assertion
+(whether it's a success or a failure, and an associated message).  You
+can create an `AssertionResult` using one of these factory
+functions:
+
+```
+namespace testing {
+
+// Returns an AssertionResult object to indicate that an assertion has
+// succeeded.
+AssertionResult AssertionSuccess();
+
+// Returns an AssertionResult object to indicate that an assertion has
+// failed.
+AssertionResult AssertionFailure();
+
+}
+```
+
+You can then use the `<<` operator to stream messages to the
+`AssertionResult` object.
+
+To provide more readable messages in Boolean assertions
+(e.g. `EXPECT_TRUE()`), write a predicate function that returns
+`AssertionResult` instead of `bool`. For example, if you define
+`IsEven()` as:
+
+```
+::testing::AssertionResult IsEven(int n) {
+  if ((n % 2) == 0)
+    return ::testing::AssertionSuccess();
+  else
+    return ::testing::AssertionFailure() << n << " is odd";
+}
+```
+
+instead of:
+
+```
+bool IsEven(int n) {
+  return (n % 2) == 0;
+}
+```
+
+the failed assertion `EXPECT_TRUE(IsEven(Fib(4)))` will print:
+
+<pre>
+Value of: IsEven(Fib(4))<br>
+Actual: false (*3 is odd*)<br>
+Expected: true<br>
+</pre>
+
+instead of a more opaque
+
+<pre>
+Value of: IsEven(Fib(4))<br>
+Actual: false<br>
+Expected: true<br>
+</pre>
+
+If you want informative messages in `EXPECT_FALSE` and `ASSERT_FALSE`
+as well, and are fine with making the predicate slower in the success
+case, you can supply a success message:
+
+```
+::testing::AssertionResult IsEven(int n) {
+  if ((n % 2) == 0)
+    return ::testing::AssertionSuccess() << n << " is even";
+  else
+    return ::testing::AssertionFailure() << n << " is odd";
+}
+```
+
+Then the statement `EXPECT_FALSE(IsEven(Fib(6)))` will print
+
+<pre>
+Value of: IsEven(Fib(6))<br>
+Actual: true (8 is even)<br>
+Expected: false<br>
+</pre>
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac; since version 1.4.1.
+
+### Using a Predicate-Formatter ###
+
+If you find the default message generated by `(ASSERT|EXPECT)_PRED*` and
+`(ASSERT|EXPECT)_(TRUE|FALSE)` unsatisfactory, or some arguments to your
+predicate do not support streaming to `ostream`, you can instead use the
+following _predicate-formatter assertions_ to _fully_ customize how the
+message is formatted:
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(`_pred\_format1, val1_`);`        | `EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(`_pred\_format1, val1_`); | _pred\_format1(val1)_ is successful |
+| `ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(`_pred\_format2, val1, val2_`);` | `EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(`_pred\_format2, val1, val2_`);` | _pred\_format2(val1, val2)_ is successful |
+| `...`               | `...`                  | `...`        |
+
+The difference between this and the previous two groups of macros is that instead of
+a predicate, `(ASSERT|EXPECT)_PRED_FORMAT*` take a _predicate-formatter_
+(_pred\_formatn_), which is a function or functor with the signature:
+
+`::testing::AssertionResult PredicateFormattern(const char* `_expr1_`, const char* `_expr2_`, ... const char* `_exprn_`, T1 `_val1_`, T2 `_val2_`, ... Tn `_valn_`);`
+
+where _val1_, _val2_, ..., and _valn_ are the values of the predicate
+arguments, and _expr1_, _expr2_, ..., and _exprn_ are the corresponding
+expressions as they appear in the source code. The types `T1`, `T2`, ..., and
+`Tn` can be either value types or reference types. For example, if an
+argument has type `Foo`, you can declare it as either `Foo` or `const Foo&`,
+whichever is appropriate.
+
+A predicate-formatter returns a `::testing::AssertionResult` object to indicate
+whether the assertion has succeeded or not. The only way to create such an
+object is to call one of these factory functions:
+
+As an example, let's improve the failure message in the previous example, which uses `EXPECT_PRED2()`:
+
+```
+// Returns the smallest prime common divisor of m and n,
+// or 1 when m and n are mutually prime.
+int SmallestPrimeCommonDivisor(int m, int n) { ... }
+
+// A predicate-formatter for asserting that two integers are mutually prime.
+::testing::AssertionResult AssertMutuallyPrime(const char* m_expr,
+                                               const char* n_expr,
+                                               int m,
+                                               int n) {
+  if (MutuallyPrime(m, n))
+    return ::testing::AssertionSuccess();
+
+  return ::testing::AssertionFailure()
+      << m_expr << " and " << n_expr << " (" << m << " and " << n
+      << ") are not mutually prime, " << "as they have a common divisor "
+      << SmallestPrimeCommonDivisor(m, n);
+}
+```
+
+With this predicate-formatter, we can use
+
+```
+EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(AssertMutuallyPrime, b, c);
+```
+
+to generate the message
+
+<pre>
+b and c (4 and 10) are not mutually prime, as they have a common divisor 2.<br>
+</pre>
+
+As you may have realized, many of the assertions we introduced earlier are
+special cases of `(EXPECT|ASSERT)_PRED_FORMAT*`. In fact, most of them are
+indeed defined using `(EXPECT|ASSERT)_PRED_FORMAT*`.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+
+## Floating-Point Comparison ##
+
+Comparing floating-point numbers is tricky. Due to round-off errors, it is
+very unlikely that two floating-points will match exactly. Therefore,
+`ASSERT_EQ` 's naive comparison usually doesn't work. And since floating-points
+can have a wide value range, no single fixed error bound works. It's better to
+compare by a fixed relative error bound, except for values close to 0 due to
+the loss of precision there.
+
+In general, for floating-point comparison to make sense, the user needs to
+carefully choose the error bound. If they don't want or care to, comparing in
+terms of Units in the Last Place (ULPs) is a good default, and Google Test
+provides assertions to do this. Full details about ULPs are quite long; if you
+want to learn more, see
+[this article on float comparison](http://www.cygnus-software.com/papers/comparingfloats/comparingfloats.htm).
+
+### Floating-Point Macros ###
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(`_expected, actual_`);`  | `EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(`_expected, actual_`);` | the two `float` values are almost equal |
+| `ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(`_expected, actual_`);` | `EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(`_expected, actual_`);` | the two `double` values are almost equal |
+
+By "almost equal", we mean the two values are within 4 ULP's from each
+other.
+
+The following assertions allow you to choose the acceptable error bound:
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_NEAR(`_val1, val2, abs\_error_`);` | `EXPECT_NEAR`_(val1, val2, abs\_error_`);` | the difference between _val1_ and _val2_ doesn't exceed the given absolute error |
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Floating-Point Predicate-Format Functions ###
+
+Some floating-point operations are useful, but not that often used. In order
+to avoid an explosion of new macros, we provide them as predicate-format
+functions that can be used in predicate assertion macros (e.g.
+`EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2`, etc).
+
+```
+EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::FloatLE, val1, val2);
+EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::DoubleLE, val1, val2);
+```
+
+Verifies that _val1_ is less than, or almost equal to, _val2_. You can
+replace `EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2` in the above table with `ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2`.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## Windows HRESULT assertions ##
+
+These assertions test for `HRESULT` success or failure.
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(`_expression_`);` | `EXPECT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(`_expression_`);` | _expression_ is a success `HRESULT` |
+| `ASSERT_HRESULT_FAILED(`_expression_`);`    | `EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED(`_expression_`);`    | _expression_ is a failure `HRESULT` |
+
+The generated output contains the human-readable error message
+associated with the `HRESULT` code returned by _expression_.
+
+You might use them like this:
+
+```
+CComPtr shell;
+ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(shell.CoCreateInstance(L"Shell.Application"));
+CComVariant empty;
+ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(shell->ShellExecute(CComBSTR(url), empty, empty, empty, empty));
+```
+
+_Availability_: Windows.
+
+## Type Assertions ##
+
+You can call the function
+```
+::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<T1, T2>();
+```
+to assert that types `T1` and `T2` are the same.  The function does
+nothing if the assertion is satisfied.  If the types are different,
+the function call will fail to compile, and the compiler error message
+will likely (depending on the compiler) show you the actual values of
+`T1` and `T2`.  This is mainly useful inside template code.
+
+_Caveat:_ When used inside a member function of a class template or a
+function template, `StaticAssertTypeEq<T1, T2>()` is effective _only if_
+the function is instantiated.  For example, given:
+```
+template <typename T> class Foo {
+ public:
+  void Bar() { ::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<int, T>(); }
+};
+```
+the code:
+```
+void Test1() { Foo<bool> foo; }
+```
+will _not_ generate a compiler error, as `Foo<bool>::Bar()` is never
+actually instantiated.  Instead, you need:
+```
+void Test2() { Foo<bool> foo; foo.Bar(); }
+```
+to cause a compiler error.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac; since version 1.3.0.
+
+## Assertion Placement ##
+
+You can use assertions in any C++ function. In particular, it doesn't
+have to be a method of the test fixture class. The one constraint is
+that assertions that generate a fatal failure (`FAIL*` and `ASSERT_*`)
+can only be used in void-returning functions. This is a consequence of
+Google Test not using exceptions. By placing it in a non-void function
+you'll get a confusing compile error like
+`"error: void value not ignored as it ought to be"`.
+
+If you need to use assertions in a function that returns non-void, one option
+is to make the function return the value in an out parameter instead. For
+example, you can rewrite `T2 Foo(T1 x)` to `void Foo(T1 x, T2* result)`. You
+need to make sure that `*result` contains some sensible value even when the
+function returns prematurely. As the function now returns `void`, you can use
+any assertion inside of it.
+
+If changing the function's type is not an option, you should just use
+assertions that generate non-fatal failures, such as `ADD_FAILURE*` and
+`EXPECT_*`.
+
+_Note_: Constructors and destructors are not considered void-returning
+functions, according to the C++ language specification, and so you may not use
+fatal assertions in them. You'll get a compilation error if you try. A simple
+workaround is to transfer the entire body of the constructor or destructor to a
+private void-returning method. However, you should be aware that a fatal
+assertion failure in a constructor does not terminate the current test, as your
+intuition might suggest; it merely returns from the constructor early, possibly
+leaving your object in a partially-constructed state. Likewise, a fatal
+assertion failure in a destructor may leave your object in a
+partially-destructed state. Use assertions carefully in these situations!
+
+# Teaching Google Test How to Print Your Values #
+
+When a test assertion such as `EXPECT_EQ` fails, Google Test prints the
+argument values to help you debug.  It does this using a
+user-extensible value printer.
+
+This printer knows how to print built-in C++ types, native arrays, STL
+containers, and any type that supports the `<<` operator.  For other
+types, it prints the raw bytes in the value and hopes that you the
+user can figure it out.
+
+As mentioned earlier, the printer is _extensible_.  That means
+you can teach it to do a better job at printing your particular type
+than to dump the bytes.  To do that, define `<<` for your type:
+
+```
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace foo {
+
+class Bar { ... };  // We want Google Test to be able to print instances of this.
+
+// It's important that the << operator is defined in the SAME
+// namespace that defines Bar.  C++'s look-up rules rely on that.
+::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os, const Bar& bar) {
+  return os << bar.DebugString();  // whatever needed to print bar to os
+}
+
+}  // namespace foo
+```
+
+Sometimes, this might not be an option: your team may consider it bad
+style to have a `<<` operator for `Bar`, or `Bar` may already have a
+`<<` operator that doesn't do what you want (and you cannot change
+it).  If so, you can instead define a `PrintTo()` function like this:
+
+```
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace foo {
+
+class Bar { ... };
+
+// It's important that PrintTo() is defined in the SAME
+// namespace that defines Bar.  C++'s look-up rules rely on that.
+void PrintTo(const Bar& bar, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  *os << bar.DebugString();  // whatever needed to print bar to os
+}
+
+}  // namespace foo
+```
+
+If you have defined both `<<` and `PrintTo()`, the latter will be used
+when Google Test is concerned.  This allows you to customize how the value
+appears in Google Test's output without affecting code that relies on the
+behavior of its `<<` operator.
+
+If you want to print a value `x` using Google Test's value printer
+yourself, just call `::testing::PrintToString(`_x_`)`, which
+returns an `std::string`:
+
+```
+vector<pair<Bar, int> > bar_ints = GetBarIntVector();
+
+EXPECT_TRUE(IsCorrectBarIntVector(bar_ints))
+    << "bar_ints = " << ::testing::PrintToString(bar_ints);
+```
+
+# Death Tests #
+
+In many applications, there are assertions that can cause application failure
+if a condition is not met. These sanity checks, which ensure that the program
+is in a known good state, are there to fail at the earliest possible time after
+some program state is corrupted. If the assertion checks the wrong condition,
+then the program may proceed in an erroneous state, which could lead to memory
+corruption, security holes, or worse. Hence it is vitally important to test
+that such assertion statements work as expected.
+
+Since these precondition checks cause the processes to die, we call such tests
+_death tests_. More generally, any test that checks that a program terminates
+(except by throwing an exception) in an expected fashion is also a death test.
+
+Note that if a piece of code throws an exception, we don't consider it "death"
+for the purpose of death tests, as the caller of the code could catch the exception
+and avoid the crash. If you want to verify exceptions thrown by your code,
+see [Exception Assertions](#exception-assertions).
+
+If you want to test `EXPECT_*()/ASSERT_*()` failures in your test code, see [Catching Failures](#catching-failures).
+
+## How to Write a Death Test ##
+
+Google Test has the following macros to support death tests:
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_DEATH(`_statement, regex_`); | `EXPECT_DEATH(`_statement, regex_`); | _statement_ crashes with the given error |
+| `ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(`_statement, regex_`); | `EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(`_statement, regex_`); | if death tests are supported, verifies that _statement_ crashes with the given error; otherwise verifies nothing |
+| `ASSERT_EXIT(`_statement, predicate, regex_`); | `EXPECT_EXIT(`_statement, predicate, regex_`); |_statement_ exits with the given error and its exit code matches _predicate_ |
+
+where _statement_ is a statement that is expected to cause the process to
+die, _predicate_ is a function or function object that evaluates an integer
+exit status, and _regex_ is a regular expression that the stderr output of
+_statement_ is expected to match. Note that _statement_ can be _any valid
+statement_ (including _compound statement_) and doesn't have to be an
+expression.
+
+As usual, the `ASSERT` variants abort the current test function, while the
+`EXPECT` variants do not.
+
+**Note:** We use the word "crash" here to mean that the process
+terminates with a _non-zero_ exit status code.  There are two
+possibilities: either the process has called `exit()` or `_exit()`
+with a non-zero value, or it may be killed by a signal.
+
+This means that if _statement_ terminates the process with a 0 exit
+code, it is _not_ considered a crash by `EXPECT_DEATH`.  Use
+`EXPECT_EXIT` instead if this is the case, or if you want to restrict
+the exit code more precisely.
+
+A predicate here must accept an `int` and return a `bool`. The death test
+succeeds only if the predicate returns `true`. Google Test defines a few
+predicates that handle the most common cases:
+
+```
+::testing::ExitedWithCode(exit_code)
+```
+
+This expression is `true` if the program exited normally with the given exit
+code.
+
+```
+::testing::KilledBySignal(signal_number)  // Not available on Windows.
+```
+
+This expression is `true` if the program was killed by the given signal.
+
+The `*_DEATH` macros are convenient wrappers for `*_EXIT` that use a predicate
+that verifies the process' exit code is non-zero.
+
+Note that a death test only cares about three things:
+
+  1. does _statement_ abort or exit the process?
+  1. (in the case of `ASSERT_EXIT` and `EXPECT_EXIT`) does the exit status satisfy _predicate_?  Or (in the case of `ASSERT_DEATH` and `EXPECT_DEATH`) is the exit status non-zero?  And
+  1. does the stderr output match _regex_?
+
+In particular, if _statement_ generates an `ASSERT_*` or `EXPECT_*` failure, it will **not** cause the death test to fail, as Google Test assertions don't abort the process.
+
+To write a death test, simply use one of the above macros inside your test
+function. For example,
+
+```
+TEST(MyDeathTest, Foo) {
+  // This death test uses a compound statement.
+  ASSERT_DEATH({ int n = 5; Foo(&n); }, "Error on line .* of Foo()");
+}
+TEST(MyDeathTest, NormalExit) {
+  EXPECT_EXIT(NormalExit(), ::testing::ExitedWithCode(0), "Success");
+}
+TEST(MyDeathTest, KillMyself) {
+  EXPECT_EXIT(KillMyself(), ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGKILL), "Sending myself unblockable signal");
+}
+```
+
+verifies that:
+
+  * calling `Foo(5)` causes the process to die with the given error message,
+  * calling `NormalExit()` causes the process to print `"Success"` to stderr and exit with exit code 0, and
+  * calling `KillMyself()` kills the process with signal `SIGKILL`.
+
+The test function body may contain other assertions and statements as well, if
+necessary.
+
+_Important:_ We strongly recommend you to follow the convention of naming your
+test case (not test) `*DeathTest` when it contains a death test, as
+demonstrated in the above example. The `Death Tests And Threads` section below
+explains why.
+
+If a test fixture class is shared by normal tests and death tests, you
+can use typedef to introduce an alias for the fixture class and avoid
+duplicating its code:
+```
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test { ... };
+
+typedef FooTest FooDeathTest;
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, DoesThis) {
+  // normal test
+}
+
+TEST_F(FooDeathTest, DoesThat) {
+  // death test
+}
+```
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows (requires MSVC 8.0 or above), Cygwin, and Mac (the latter three are supported since v1.3.0).  `(ASSERT|EXPECT)_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED` are new in v1.4.0.
+
+## Regular Expression Syntax ##
+
+On POSIX systems (e.g. Linux, Cygwin, and Mac), Google Test uses the
+[POSIX extended regular expression](http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/xbd_chap09.html#tag_09_04)
+syntax in death tests. To learn about this syntax, you may want to read this [Wikipedia entry](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression#POSIX_Extended_Regular_Expressions).
+
+On Windows, Google Test uses its own simple regular expression
+implementation. It lacks many features you can find in POSIX extended
+regular expressions.  For example, we don't support union (`"x|y"`),
+grouping (`"(xy)"`), brackets (`"[xy]"`), and repetition count
+(`"x{5,7}"`), among others. Below is what we do support (Letter `A` denotes a
+literal character, period (`.`), or a single `\\` escape sequence; `x`
+and `y` denote regular expressions.):
+
+| `c` | matches any literal character `c` |
+|:----|:----------------------------------|
+| `\\d` | matches any decimal digit         |
+| `\\D` | matches any character that's not a decimal digit |
+| `\\f` | matches `\f`                      |
+| `\\n` | matches `\n`                      |
+| `\\r` | matches `\r`                      |
+| `\\s` | matches any ASCII whitespace, including `\n` |
+| `\\S` | matches any character that's not a whitespace |
+| `\\t` | matches `\t`                      |
+| `\\v` | matches `\v`                      |
+| `\\w` | matches any letter, `_`, or decimal digit |
+| `\\W` | matches any character that `\\w` doesn't match |
+| `\\c` | matches any literal character `c`, which must be a punctuation |
+| `\\.` | matches the `.` character         |
+| `.` | matches any single character except `\n` |
+| `A?` | matches 0 or 1 occurrences of `A` |
+| `A*` | matches 0 or many occurrences of `A` |
+| `A+` | matches 1 or many occurrences of `A` |
+| `^` | matches the beginning of a string (not that of each line) |
+| `$` | matches the end of a string (not that of each line) |
+| `xy` | matches `x` followed by `y`       |
+
+To help you determine which capability is available on your system,
+Google Test defines macro `GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE=1` when it uses POSIX
+extended regular expressions, or `GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE=1` when it uses
+the simple version.  If you want your death tests to work in both
+cases, you can either `#if` on these macros or use the more limited
+syntax only.
+
+## How It Works ##
+
+Under the hood, `ASSERT_EXIT()` spawns a new process and executes the
+death test statement in that process. The details of of how precisely
+that happens depend on the platform and the variable
+`::testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style)` (which is initialized from the
+command-line flag `--gtest_death_test_style`).
+
+  * On POSIX systems, `fork()` (or `clone()` on Linux) is used to spawn the child, after which:
+    * If the variable's value is `"fast"`, the death test statement is immediately executed.
+    * If the variable's value is `"threadsafe"`, the child process re-executes the unit test binary just as it was originally invoked, but with some extra flags to cause just the single death test under consideration to be run.
+  * On Windows, the child is spawned using the `CreateProcess()` API, and re-executes the binary to cause just the single death test under consideration to be run - much like the `threadsafe` mode on POSIX.
+
+Other values for the variable are illegal and will cause the death test to
+fail. Currently, the flag's default value is `"fast"`. However, we reserve the
+right to change it in the future. Therefore, your tests should not depend on
+this.
+
+In either case, the parent process waits for the child process to complete, and checks that
+
+  1. the child's exit status satisfies the predicate, and
+  1. the child's stderr matches the regular expression.
+
+If the death test statement runs to completion without dying, the child
+process will nonetheless terminate, and the assertion fails.
+
+## Death Tests And Threads ##
+
+The reason for the two death test styles has to do with thread safety. Due to
+well-known problems with forking in the presence of threads, death tests should
+be run in a single-threaded context. Sometimes, however, it isn't feasible to
+arrange that kind of environment. For example, statically-initialized modules
+may start threads before main is ever reached. Once threads have been created,
+it may be difficult or impossible to clean them up.
+
+Google Test has three features intended to raise awareness of threading issues.
+
+  1. A warning is emitted if multiple threads are running when a death test is encountered.
+  1. Test cases with a name ending in "DeathTest" are run before all other tests.
+  1. It uses `clone()` instead of `fork()` to spawn the child process on Linux (`clone()` is not available on Cygwin and Mac), as `fork()` is more likely to cause the child to hang when the parent process has multiple threads.
+
+It's perfectly fine to create threads inside a death test statement; they are
+executed in a separate process and cannot affect the parent.
+
+## Death Test Styles ##
+
+The "threadsafe" death test style was introduced in order to help mitigate the
+risks of testing in a possibly multithreaded environment. It trades increased
+test execution time (potentially dramatically so) for improved thread safety.
+We suggest using the faster, default "fast" style unless your test has specific
+problems with it.
+
+You can choose a particular style of death tests by setting the flag
+programmatically:
+
+```
+::testing::FLAGS_gtest_death_test_style = "threadsafe";
+```
+
+You can do this in `main()` to set the style for all death tests in the
+binary, or in individual tests. Recall that flags are saved before running each
+test and restored afterwards, so you need not do that yourself. For example:
+
+```
+TEST(MyDeathTest, TestOne) {
+  ::testing::FLAGS_gtest_death_test_style = "threadsafe";
+  // This test is run in the "threadsafe" style:
+  ASSERT_DEATH(ThisShouldDie(), "");
+}
+
+TEST(MyDeathTest, TestTwo) {
+  // This test is run in the "fast" style:
+  ASSERT_DEATH(ThisShouldDie(), "");
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  ::testing::FLAGS_gtest_death_test_style = "fast";
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
+```
+
+## Caveats ##
+
+The _statement_ argument of `ASSERT_EXIT()` can be any valid C++ statement.
+If it leaves the current function via a `return` statement or by throwing an exception,
+the death test is considered to have failed.  Some Google Test macros may return
+from the current function (e.g. `ASSERT_TRUE()`), so be sure to avoid them in _statement_.
+
+Since _statement_ runs in the child process, any in-memory side effect (e.g.
+modifying a variable, releasing memory, etc) it causes will _not_ be observable
+in the parent process. In particular, if you release memory in a death test,
+your program will fail the heap check as the parent process will never see the
+memory reclaimed. To solve this problem, you can
+
+  1. try not to free memory in a death test;
+  1. free the memory again in the parent process; or
+  1. do not use the heap checker in your program.
+
+Due to an implementation detail, you cannot place multiple death test
+assertions on the same line; otherwise, compilation will fail with an unobvious
+error message.
+
+Despite the improved thread safety afforded by the "threadsafe" style of death
+test, thread problems such as deadlock are still possible in the presence of
+handlers registered with `pthread_atfork(3)`.
+
+# Using Assertions in Sub-routines #
+
+## Adding Traces to Assertions ##
+
+If a test sub-routine is called from several places, when an assertion
+inside it fails, it can be hard to tell which invocation of the
+sub-routine the failure is from.  You can alleviate this problem using
+extra logging or custom failure messages, but that usually clutters up
+your tests. A better solution is to use the `SCOPED_TRACE` macro:
+
+| `SCOPED_TRACE(`_message_`);` |
+|:-----------------------------|
+
+where _message_ can be anything streamable to `std::ostream`. This
+macro will cause the current file name, line number, and the given
+message to be added in every failure message. The effect will be
+undone when the control leaves the current lexical scope.
+
+For example,
+
+```
+10: void Sub1(int n) {
+11:   EXPECT_EQ(1, Bar(n));
+12:   EXPECT_EQ(2, Bar(n + 1));
+13: }
+14:
+15: TEST(FooTest, Bar) {
+16:   {
+17:     SCOPED_TRACE("A");  // This trace point will be included in
+18:                         // every failure in this scope.
+19:     Sub1(1);
+20:   }
+21:   // Now it won't.
+22:   Sub1(9);
+23: }
+```
+
+could result in messages like these:
+
+```
+path/to/foo_test.cc:11: Failure
+Value of: Bar(n)
+Expected: 1
+  Actual: 2
+   Trace:
+path/to/foo_test.cc:17: A
+
+path/to/foo_test.cc:12: Failure
+Value of: Bar(n + 1)
+Expected: 2
+  Actual: 3
+```
+
+Without the trace, it would've been difficult to know which invocation
+of `Sub1()` the two failures come from respectively. (You could add an
+extra message to each assertion in `Sub1()` to indicate the value of
+`n`, but that's tedious.)
+
+Some tips on using `SCOPED_TRACE`:
+
+  1. With a suitable message, it's often enough to use `SCOPED_TRACE` at the beginning of a sub-routine, instead of at each call site.
+  1. When calling sub-routines inside a loop, make the loop iterator part of the message in `SCOPED_TRACE` such that you can know which iteration the failure is from.
+  1. Sometimes the line number of the trace point is enough for identifying the particular invocation of a sub-routine. In this case, you don't have to choose a unique message for `SCOPED_TRACE`. You can simply use `""`.
+  1. You can use `SCOPED_TRACE` in an inner scope when there is one in the outer scope. In this case, all active trace points will be included in the failure messages, in reverse order they are encountered.
+  1. The trace dump is clickable in Emacs' compilation buffer - hit return on a line number and you'll be taken to that line in the source file!
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## Propagating Fatal Failures ##
+
+A common pitfall when using `ASSERT_*` and `FAIL*` is not understanding that
+when they fail they only abort the _current function_, not the entire test. For
+example, the following test will segfault:
+```
+void Subroutine() {
+  // Generates a fatal failure and aborts the current function.
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, 2);
+  // The following won't be executed.
+  ...
+}
+
+TEST(FooTest, Bar) {
+  Subroutine();
+  // The intended behavior is for the fatal failure
+  // in Subroutine() to abort the entire test.
+  // The actual behavior: the function goes on after Subroutine() returns.
+  int* p = NULL;
+  *p = 3; // Segfault!
+}
+```
+
+Since we don't use exceptions, it is technically impossible to
+implement the intended behavior here.  To alleviate this, Google Test
+provides two solutions.  You could use either the
+`(ASSERT|EXPECT)_NO_FATAL_FAILURE` assertions or the
+`HasFatalFailure()` function.  They are described in the following two
+subsections.
+
+### Asserting on Subroutines ###
+
+As shown above, if your test calls a subroutine that has an `ASSERT_*`
+failure in it, the test will continue after the subroutine
+returns. This may not be what you want.
+
+Often people want fatal failures to propagate like exceptions.  For
+that Google Test offers the following macros:
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(`_statement_`);` | `EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(`_statement_`);` | _statement_ doesn't generate any new fatal failures in the current thread. |
+
+Only failures in the thread that executes the assertion are checked to
+determine the result of this type of assertions.  If _statement_
+creates new threads, failures in these threads are ignored.
+
+Examples:
+
+```
+ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Foo());
+
+int i;
+EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE({
+  i = Bar();
+});
+```
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac. Assertions from multiple threads
+are currently not supported.
+
+### Checking for Failures in the Current Test ###
+
+`HasFatalFailure()` in the `::testing::Test` class returns `true` if an
+assertion in the current test has suffered a fatal failure. This
+allows functions to catch fatal failures in a sub-routine and return
+early.
+
+```
+class Test {
+ public:
+  ...
+  static bool HasFatalFailure();
+};
+```
+
+The typical usage, which basically simulates the behavior of a thrown
+exception, is:
+
+```
+TEST(FooTest, Bar) {
+  Subroutine();
+  // Aborts if Subroutine() had a fatal failure.
+  if (HasFatalFailure())
+    return;
+  // The following won't be executed.
+  ...
+}
+```
+
+If `HasFatalFailure()` is used outside of `TEST()` , `TEST_F()` , or a test
+fixture, you must add the `::testing::Test::` prefix, as in:
+
+```
+if (::testing::Test::HasFatalFailure())
+  return;
+```
+
+Similarly, `HasNonfatalFailure()` returns `true` if the current test
+has at least one non-fatal failure, and `HasFailure()` returns `true`
+if the current test has at least one failure of either kind.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.  `HasNonfatalFailure()` and
+`HasFailure()` are available since version 1.4.0.
+
+# Logging Additional Information #
+
+In your test code, you can call `RecordProperty("key", value)` to log
+additional information, where `value` can be either a string or an `int`. The _last_ value recorded for a key will be emitted to the XML output
+if you specify one. For example, the test
+
+```
+TEST_F(WidgetUsageTest, MinAndMaxWidgets) {
+  RecordProperty("MaximumWidgets", ComputeMaxUsage());
+  RecordProperty("MinimumWidgets", ComputeMinUsage());
+}
+```
+
+will output XML like this:
+
+```
+...
+  <testcase name="MinAndMaxWidgets" status="run" time="6" classname="WidgetUsageTest"
+            MaximumWidgets="12"
+            MinimumWidgets="9" />
+...
+```
+
+_Note_:
+  * `RecordProperty()` is a static member of the `Test` class. Therefore it needs to be prefixed with `::testing::Test::` if used outside of the `TEST` body and the test fixture class.
+  * `key` must be a valid XML attribute name, and cannot conflict with the ones already used by Google Test (`name`, `status`, `time`, `classname`, `type_param`, and `value_param`).
+  * Calling `RecordProperty()` outside of the lifespan of a test is allowed. If it's called outside of a test but between a test case's `SetUpTestCase()` and `TearDownTestCase()` methods, it will be attributed to the XML element for the test case. If it's called outside of all test cases (e.g. in a test environment), it will be attributed to the top-level XML element.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+# Sharing Resources Between Tests in the Same Test Case #
+
+
+
+Google Test creates a new test fixture object for each test in order to make
+tests independent and easier to debug. However, sometimes tests use resources
+that are expensive to set up, making the one-copy-per-test model prohibitively
+expensive.
+
+If the tests don't change the resource, there's no harm in them sharing a
+single resource copy. So, in addition to per-test set-up/tear-down, Google Test
+also supports per-test-case set-up/tear-down. To use it:
+
+  1. In your test fixture class (say `FooTest` ), define as `static` some member variables to hold the shared resources.
+  1. In the same test fixture class, define a `static void SetUpTestCase()` function (remember not to spell it as **`SetupTestCase`** with a small `u`!) to set up the shared resources and a `static void TearDownTestCase()` function to tear them down.
+
+That's it! Google Test automatically calls `SetUpTestCase()` before running the
+_first test_ in the `FooTest` test case (i.e. before creating the first
+`FooTest` object), and calls `TearDownTestCase()` after running the _last test_
+in it (i.e. after deleting the last `FooTest` object). In between, the tests
+can use the shared resources.
+
+Remember that the test order is undefined, so your code can't depend on a test
+preceding or following another. Also, the tests must either not modify the
+state of any shared resource, or, if they do modify the state, they must
+restore the state to its original value before passing control to the next
+test.
+
+Here's an example of per-test-case set-up and tear-down:
+```
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  // Per-test-case set-up.
+  // Called before the first test in this test case.
+  // Can be omitted if not needed.
+  static void SetUpTestCase() {
+    shared_resource_ = new ...;
+  }
+
+  // Per-test-case tear-down.
+  // Called after the last test in this test case.
+  // Can be omitted if not needed.
+  static void TearDownTestCase() {
+    delete shared_resource_;
+    shared_resource_ = NULL;
+  }
+
+  // You can define per-test set-up and tear-down logic as usual.
+  virtual void SetUp() { ... }
+  virtual void TearDown() { ... }
+
+  // Some expensive resource shared by all tests.
+  static T* shared_resource_;
+};
+
+T* FooTest::shared_resource_ = NULL;
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Test1) {
+  ... you can refer to shared_resource here ...
+}
+TEST_F(FooTest, Test2) {
+  ... you can refer to shared_resource here ...
+}
+```
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+# Global Set-Up and Tear-Down #
+
+Just as you can do set-up and tear-down at the test level and the test case
+level, you can also do it at the test program level. Here's how.
+
+First, you subclass the `::testing::Environment` class to define a test
+environment, which knows how to set-up and tear-down:
+
+```
+class Environment {
+ public:
+  virtual ~Environment() {}
+  // Override this to define how to set up the environment.
+  virtual void SetUp() {}
+  // Override this to define how to tear down the environment.
+  virtual void TearDown() {}
+};
+```
+
+Then, you register an instance of your environment class with Google Test by
+calling the `::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment()` function:
+
+```
+Environment* AddGlobalTestEnvironment(Environment* env);
+```
+
+Now, when `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` is called, it first calls the `SetUp()` method of
+the environment object, then runs the tests if there was no fatal failures, and
+finally calls `TearDown()` of the environment object.
+
+It's OK to register multiple environment objects. In this case, their `SetUp()`
+will be called in the order they are registered, and their `TearDown()` will be
+called in the reverse order.
+
+Note that Google Test takes ownership of the registered environment objects.
+Therefore **do not delete them** by yourself.
+
+You should call `AddGlobalTestEnvironment()` before `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` is
+called, probably in `main()`. If you use `gtest_main`, you need to      call
+this before `main()` starts for it to take effect. One way to do this is to
+define a global variable like this:
+
+```
+::testing::Environment* const foo_env = ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new FooEnvironment);
+```
+
+However, we strongly recommend you to write your own `main()` and call
+`AddGlobalTestEnvironment()` there, as relying on initialization of global
+variables makes the code harder to read and may cause problems when you
+register multiple environments from different translation units and the
+environments have dependencies among them (remember that the compiler doesn't
+guarantee the order in which global variables from different translation units
+are initialized).
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+
+# Value Parameterized Tests #
+
+_Value-parameterized tests_ allow you to test your code with different
+parameters without writing multiple copies of the same test.
+
+Suppose you write a test for your code and then realize that your code is affected by a presence of a Boolean command line flag.
+
+```
+TEST(MyCodeTest, TestFoo) {
+  // A code to test foo().
+}
+```
+
+Usually people factor their test code into a function with a Boolean parameter in such situations. The function sets the flag, then executes the testing code.
+
+```
+void TestFooHelper(bool flag_value) {
+  flag = flag_value;
+  // A code to test foo().
+}
+
+TEST(MyCodeTest, TestFoo) {
+  TestFooHelper(false);
+  TestFooHelper(true);
+}
+```
+
+But this setup has serious drawbacks. First, when a test assertion fails in your tests, it becomes unclear what value of the parameter caused it to fail. You can stream a clarifying message into your `EXPECT`/`ASSERT` statements, but it you'll have to do it with all of them. Second, you have to add one such helper function per test. What if you have ten tests? Twenty? A hundred?
+
+Value-parameterized tests will let you write your test only once and then easily instantiate and run it with an arbitrary number of parameter values.
+
+Here are some other situations when value-parameterized tests come handy:
+
+  * You want to test different implementations of an OO interface.
+  * You want to test your code over various inputs (a.k.a. data-driven testing). This feature is easy to abuse, so please exercise your good sense when doing it!
+
+## How to Write Value-Parameterized Tests ##
+
+To write value-parameterized tests, first you should define a fixture
+class.  It must be derived from both `::testing::Test` and
+`::testing::WithParamInterface<T>` (the latter is a pure interface),
+where `T` is the type of your parameter values.  For convenience, you
+can just derive the fixture class from `::testing::TestWithParam<T>`,
+which itself is derived from both `::testing::Test` and
+`::testing::WithParamInterface<T>`. `T` can be any copyable type. If
+it's a raw pointer, you are responsible for managing the lifespan of
+the pointed values.
+
+```
+class FooTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<const char*> {
+  // You can implement all the usual fixture class members here.
+  // To access the test parameter, call GetParam() from class
+  // TestWithParam<T>.
+};
+
+// Or, when you want to add parameters to a pre-existing fixture class:
+class BaseTest : public ::testing::Test {
+  ...
+};
+class BarTest : public BaseTest,
+                public ::testing::WithParamInterface<const char*> {
+  ...
+};
+```
+
+Then, use the `TEST_P` macro to define as many test patterns using
+this fixture as you want.  The `_P` suffix is for "parameterized" or
+"pattern", whichever you prefer to think.
+
+```
+TEST_P(FooTest, DoesBlah) {
+  // Inside a test, access the test parameter with the GetParam() method
+  // of the TestWithParam<T> class:
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo.Blah(GetParam()));
+  ...
+}
+
+TEST_P(FooTest, HasBlahBlah) {
+  ...
+}
+```
+
+Finally, you can use `INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P` to instantiate the test
+case with any set of parameters you want. Google Test defines a number of
+functions for generating test parameters. They return what we call
+(surprise!) _parameter generators_. Here is a summary of them,
+which are all in the `testing` namespace:
+
+| `Range(begin, end[, step])` | Yields values `{begin, begin+step, begin+step+step, ...}`. The values do not include `end`. `step` defaults to 1. |
+|:----------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `Values(v1, v2, ..., vN)`   | Yields values `{v1, v2, ..., vN}`.                                                                                |
+| `ValuesIn(container)` and `ValuesIn(begin, end)` | Yields values from a C-style array, an STL-style container, or an iterator range `[begin, end)`. `container`, `begin`, and `end` can be expressions whose values are determined at run time.  |
+| `Bool()`                    | Yields sequence `{false, true}`.                                                                                  |
+| `Combine(g1, g2, ..., gN)`  | Yields all combinations (the Cartesian product for the math savvy) of the values generated by the `N` generators. This is only available if your system provides the `<tr1/tuple>` header. If you are sure your system does, and Google Test disagrees, you can override it by defining `GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE=1`. See comments in [include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h](../include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h) for more information. |
+
+For more details, see the comments at the definitions of these functions in the [source code](../include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h).
+
+The following statement will instantiate tests from the `FooTest` test case
+each with parameter values `"meeny"`, `"miny"`, and `"moe"`.
+
+```
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(InstantiationName,
+                        FooTest,
+                        ::testing::Values("meeny", "miny", "moe"));
+```
+
+To distinguish different instances of the pattern (yes, you can
+instantiate it more than once), the first argument to
+`INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P` is a prefix that will be added to the actual
+test case name. Remember to pick unique prefixes for different
+instantiations. The tests from the instantiation above will have these
+names:
+
+  * `InstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/0` for `"meeny"`
+  * `InstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/1` for `"miny"`
+  * `InstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/2` for `"moe"`
+  * `InstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/0` for `"meeny"`
+  * `InstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/1` for `"miny"`
+  * `InstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/2` for `"moe"`
+
+You can use these names in [--gtest\_filter](#running-a-subset-of-the-tests).
+
+This statement will instantiate all tests from `FooTest` again, each
+with parameter values `"cat"` and `"dog"`:
+
+```
+const char* pets[] = {"cat", "dog"};
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(AnotherInstantiationName, FooTest,
+                        ::testing::ValuesIn(pets));
+```
+
+The tests from the instantiation above will have these names:
+
+  * `AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/0` for `"cat"`
+  * `AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/1` for `"dog"`
+  * `AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/0` for `"cat"`
+  * `AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/1` for `"dog"`
+
+Please note that `INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P` will instantiate _all_
+tests in the given test case, whether their definitions come before or
+_after_ the `INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P` statement.
+
+You can see
+[these](../samples/sample7_unittest.cc)
+[files](../samples/sample8_unittest.cc) for more examples.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows (requires MSVC 8.0 or above), Mac; since version 1.2.0.
+
+## Creating Value-Parameterized Abstract Tests ##
+
+In the above, we define and instantiate `FooTest` in the same source
+file. Sometimes you may want to define value-parameterized tests in a
+library and let other people instantiate them later. This pattern is
+known as <i>abstract tests</i>. As an example of its application, when you
+are designing an interface you can write a standard suite of abstract
+tests (perhaps using a factory function as the test parameter) that
+all implementations of the interface are expected to pass. When
+someone implements the interface, he can instantiate your suite to get
+all the interface-conformance tests for free.
+
+To define abstract tests, you should organize your code like this:
+
+  1. Put the definition of the parameterized test fixture class (e.g. `FooTest`) in a header file, say `foo_param_test.h`. Think of this as _declaring_ your abstract tests.
+  1. Put the `TEST_P` definitions in `foo_param_test.cc`, which includes `foo_param_test.h`. Think of this as _implementing_ your abstract tests.
+
+Once they are defined, you can instantiate them by including
+`foo_param_test.h`, invoking `INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P()`, and linking
+with `foo_param_test.cc`. You can instantiate the same abstract test
+case multiple times, possibly in different source files.
+
+# Typed Tests #
+
+Suppose you have multiple implementations of the same interface and
+want to make sure that all of them satisfy some common requirements.
+Or, you may have defined several types that are supposed to conform to
+the same "concept" and you want to verify it.  In both cases, you want
+the same test logic repeated for different types.
+
+While you can write one `TEST` or `TEST_F` for each type you want to
+test (and you may even factor the test logic into a function template
+that you invoke from the `TEST`), it's tedious and doesn't scale:
+if you want _m_ tests over _n_ types, you'll end up writing _m\*n_
+`TEST`s.
+
+_Typed tests_ allow you to repeat the same test logic over a list of
+types.  You only need to write the test logic once, although you must
+know the type list when writing typed tests.  Here's how you do it:
+
+First, define a fixture class template.  It should be parameterized
+by a type.  Remember to derive it from `::testing::Test`:
+
+```
+template <typename T>
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ public:
+  ...
+  typedef std::list<T> List;
+  static T shared_;
+  T value_;
+};
+```
+
+Next, associate a list of types with the test case, which will be
+repeated for each type in the list:
+
+```
+typedef ::testing::Types<char, int, unsigned int> MyTypes;
+TYPED_TEST_CASE(FooTest, MyTypes);
+```
+
+The `typedef` is necessary for the `TYPED_TEST_CASE` macro to parse
+correctly.  Otherwise the compiler will think that each comma in the
+type list introduces a new macro argument.
+
+Then, use `TYPED_TEST()` instead of `TEST_F()` to define a typed test
+for this test case.  You can repeat this as many times as you want:
+
+```
+TYPED_TEST(FooTest, DoesBlah) {
+  // Inside a test, refer to the special name TypeParam to get the type
+  // parameter.  Since we are inside a derived class template, C++ requires
+  // us to visit the members of FooTest via 'this'.
+  TypeParam n = this->value_;
+
+  // To visit static members of the fixture, add the 'TestFixture::'
+  // prefix.
+  n += TestFixture::shared_;
+
+  // To refer to typedefs in the fixture, add the 'typename TestFixture::'
+  // prefix.  The 'typename' is required to satisfy the compiler.
+  typename TestFixture::List values;
+  values.push_back(n);
+  ...
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(FooTest, HasPropertyA) { ... }
+```
+
+You can see `samples/sample6_unittest.cc` for a complete example.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows (requires MSVC 8.0 or above), Mac;
+since version 1.1.0.
+
+# Type-Parameterized Tests #
+
+_Type-parameterized tests_ are like typed tests, except that they
+don't require you to know the list of types ahead of time.  Instead,
+you can define the test logic first and instantiate it with different
+type lists later.  You can even instantiate it more than once in the
+same program.
+
+If you are designing an interface or concept, you can define a suite
+of type-parameterized tests to verify properties that any valid
+implementation of the interface/concept should have.  Then, the author
+of each implementation can just instantiate the test suite with his
+type to verify that it conforms to the requirements, without having to
+write similar tests repeatedly.  Here's an example:
+
+First, define a fixture class template, as we did with typed tests:
+
+```
+template <typename T>
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+  ...
+};
+```
+
+Next, declare that you will define a type-parameterized test case:
+
+```
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(FooTest);
+```
+
+The `_P` suffix is for "parameterized" or "pattern", whichever you
+prefer to think.
+
+Then, use `TYPED_TEST_P()` to define a type-parameterized test.  You
+can repeat this as many times as you want:
+
+```
+TYPED_TEST_P(FooTest, DoesBlah) {
+  // Inside a test, refer to TypeParam to get the type parameter.
+  TypeParam n = 0;
+  ...
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(FooTest, HasPropertyA) { ... }
+```
+
+Now the tricky part: you need to register all test patterns using the
+`REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P` macro before you can instantiate them.
+The first argument of the macro is the test case name; the rest are
+the names of the tests in this test case:
+
+```
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(FooTest,
+                           DoesBlah, HasPropertyA);
+```
+
+Finally, you are free to instantiate the pattern with the types you
+want.  If you put the above code in a header file, you can `#include`
+it in multiple C++ source files and instantiate it multiple times.
+
+```
+typedef ::testing::Types<char, int, unsigned int> MyTypes;
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, FooTest, MyTypes);
+```
+
+To distinguish different instances of the pattern, the first argument
+to the `INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P` macro is a prefix that will be
+added to the actual test case name.  Remember to pick unique prefixes
+for different instances.
+
+In the special case where the type list contains only one type, you
+can write that type directly without `::testing::Types<...>`, like this:
+
+```
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, FooTest, int);
+```
+
+You can see `samples/sample6_unittest.cc` for a complete example.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows (requires MSVC 8.0 or above), Mac;
+since version 1.1.0.
+
+# Testing Private Code #
+
+If you change your software's internal implementation, your tests should not
+break as long as the change is not observable by users. Therefore, per the
+_black-box testing principle_, most of the time you should test your code
+through its public interfaces.
+
+If you still find yourself needing to test internal implementation code,
+consider if there's a better design that wouldn't require you to do so. If you
+absolutely have to test non-public interface code though, you can. There are
+two cases to consider:
+
+  * Static functions (_not_ the same as static member functions!) or unnamed namespaces, and
+  * Private or protected class members
+
+## Static Functions ##
+
+Both static functions and definitions/declarations in an unnamed namespace are
+only visible within the same translation unit. To test them, you can `#include`
+the entire `.cc` file being tested in your `*_test.cc` file. (`#include`ing `.cc`
+files is not a good way to reuse code - you should not do this in production
+code!)
+
+However, a better approach is to move the private code into the
+`foo::internal` namespace, where `foo` is the namespace your project normally
+uses, and put the private declarations in a `*-internal.h` file. Your
+production `.cc` files and your tests are allowed to include this internal
+header, but your clients are not. This way, you can fully test your internal
+implementation without leaking it to your clients.
+
+## Private Class Members ##
+
+Private class members are only accessible from within the class or by friends.
+To access a class' private members, you can declare your test fixture as a
+friend to the class and define accessors in your fixture. Tests using the
+fixture can then access the private members of your production class via the
+accessors in the fixture. Note that even though your fixture is a friend to
+your production class, your tests are not automatically friends to it, as they
+are technically defined in sub-classes of the fixture.
+
+Another way to test private members is to refactor them into an implementation
+class, which is then declared in a `*-internal.h` file. Your clients aren't
+allowed to include this header but your tests can. Such is called the Pimpl
+(Private Implementation) idiom.
+
+Or, you can declare an individual test as a friend of your class by adding this
+line in the class body:
+
+```
+FRIEND_TEST(TestCaseName, TestName);
+```
+
+For example,
+```
+// foo.h
+#include "gtest/gtest_prod.h"
+
+// Defines FRIEND_TEST.
+class Foo {
+  ...
+ private:
+  FRIEND_TEST(FooTest, BarReturnsZeroOnNull);
+  int Bar(void* x);
+};
+
+// foo_test.cc
+...
+TEST(FooTest, BarReturnsZeroOnNull) {
+  Foo foo;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, foo.Bar(NULL));
+  // Uses Foo's private member Bar().
+}
+```
+
+Pay special attention when your class is defined in a namespace, as you should
+define your test fixtures and tests in the same namespace if you want them to
+be friends of your class. For example, if the code to be tested looks like:
+
+```
+namespace my_namespace {
+
+class Foo {
+  friend class FooTest;
+  FRIEND_TEST(FooTest, Bar);
+  FRIEND_TEST(FooTest, Baz);
+  ...
+  definition of the class Foo
+  ...
+};
+
+}  // namespace my_namespace
+```
+
+Your test code should be something like:
+
+```
+namespace my_namespace {
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  ...
+};
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Bar) { ... }
+TEST_F(FooTest, Baz) { ... }
+
+}  // namespace my_namespace
+```
+
+# Catching Failures #
+
+If you are building a testing utility on top of Google Test, you'll
+want to test your utility.  What framework would you use to test it?
+Google Test, of course.
+
+The challenge is to verify that your testing utility reports failures
+correctly.  In frameworks that report a failure by throwing an
+exception, you could catch the exception and assert on it.  But Google
+Test doesn't use exceptions, so how do we test that a piece of code
+generates an expected failure?
+
+`"gtest/gtest-spi.h"` contains some constructs to do this.  After
+`#include`ing this header, you can use
+
+| `EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(`_statement, substring_`);` |
+|:--------------------------------------------------|
+
+to assert that _statement_ generates a fatal (e.g. `ASSERT_*`) failure
+whose message contains the given _substring_, or use
+
+| `EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(`_statement, substring_`);` |
+|:-----------------------------------------------------|
+
+if you are expecting a non-fatal (e.g. `EXPECT_*`) failure.
+
+For technical reasons, there are some caveats:
+
+  1. You cannot stream a failure message to either macro.
+  1. _statement_ in `EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE()` cannot reference local non-static variables or non-static members of `this` object.
+  1. _statement_ in `EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE()` cannot return a value.
+
+_Note:_ Google Test is designed with threads in mind.  Once the
+synchronization primitives in `"gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"` have
+been implemented, Google Test will become thread-safe, meaning that
+you can then use assertions in multiple threads concurrently.  Before
+
+that, however, Google Test only supports single-threaded usage.  Once
+thread-safe, `EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE()` and `EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE()`
+will capture failures in the current thread only. If _statement_
+creates new threads, failures in these threads will be ignored.  If
+you want to capture failures from all threads instead, you should use
+the following macros:
+
+| `EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(`_statement, substring_`);` |
+|:-----------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(`_statement, substring_`);` |
+
+# Getting the Current Test's Name #
+
+Sometimes a function may need to know the name of the currently running test.
+For example, you may be using the `SetUp()` method of your test fixture to set
+the golden file name based on which test is running. The `::testing::TestInfo`
+class has this information:
+
+```
+namespace testing {
+
+class TestInfo {
+ public:
+  // Returns the test case name and the test name, respectively.
+  //
+  // Do NOT delete or free the return value - it's managed by the
+  // TestInfo class.
+  const char* test_case_name() const;
+  const char* name() const;
+};
+
+}  // namespace testing
+```
+
+
+> To obtain a `TestInfo` object for the currently running test, call
+`current_test_info()` on the `UnitTest` singleton object:
+
+```
+// Gets information about the currently running test.
+// Do NOT delete the returned object - it's managed by the UnitTest class.
+const ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info =
+  ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+printf("We are in test %s of test case %s.\n",
+       test_info->name(), test_info->test_case_name());
+```
+
+`current_test_info()` returns a null pointer if no test is running. In
+particular, you cannot find the test case name in `TestCaseSetUp()`,
+`TestCaseTearDown()` (where you know the test case name implicitly), or
+functions called from them.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+# Extending Google Test by Handling Test Events #
+
+Google Test provides an <b>event listener API</b> to let you receive
+notifications about the progress of a test program and test
+failures. The events you can listen to include the start and end of
+the test program, a test case, or a test method, among others. You may
+use this API to augment or replace the standard console output,
+replace the XML output, or provide a completely different form of
+output, such as a GUI or a database. You can also use test events as
+checkpoints to implement a resource leak checker, for example.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac; since v1.4.0.
+
+## Defining Event Listeners ##
+
+To define a event listener, you subclass either
+[testing::TestEventListener](../include/gtest/gtest.h#L855)
+or [testing::EmptyTestEventListener](../include/gtest/gtest.h#L905).
+The former is an (abstract) interface, where <i>each pure virtual method<br>
+can be overridden to handle a test event</i> (For example, when a test
+starts, the `OnTestStart()` method will be called.). The latter provides
+an empty implementation of all methods in the interface, such that a
+subclass only needs to override the methods it cares about.
+
+When an event is fired, its context is passed to the handler function
+as an argument. The following argument types are used:
+  * [UnitTest](../include/gtest/gtest.h#L1007) reflects the state of the entire test program,
+  * [TestCase](../include/gtest/gtest.h#L689) has information about a test case, which can contain one or more tests,
+  * [TestInfo](../include/gtest/gtest.h#L599) contains the state of a test, and
+  * [TestPartResult](../include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h#L42) represents the result of a test assertion.
+
+An event handler function can examine the argument it receives to find
+out interesting information about the event and the test program's
+state.  Here's an example:
+
+```
+  class MinimalistPrinter : public ::testing::EmptyTestEventListener {
+    // Called before a test starts.
+    virtual void OnTestStart(const ::testing::TestInfo& test_info) {
+      printf("*** Test %s.%s starting.\n",
+             test_info.test_case_name(), test_info.name());
+    }
+
+    // Called after a failed assertion or a SUCCEED() invocation.
+    virtual void OnTestPartResult(
+        const ::testing::TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
+      printf("%s in %s:%d\n%s\n",
+             test_part_result.failed() ? "*** Failure" : "Success",
+             test_part_result.file_name(),
+             test_part_result.line_number(),
+             test_part_result.summary());
+    }
+
+    // Called after a test ends.
+    virtual void OnTestEnd(const ::testing::TestInfo& test_info) {
+      printf("*** Test %s.%s ending.\n",
+             test_info.test_case_name(), test_info.name());
+    }
+  };
+```
+
+## Using Event Listeners ##
+
+To use the event listener you have defined, add an instance of it to
+the Google Test event listener list (represented by class
+[TestEventListeners](../include/gtest/gtest.h#L929)
+- note the "s" at the end of the name) in your
+`main()` function, before calling `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`:
+```
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  // Gets hold of the event listener list.
+  ::testing::TestEventListeners& listeners =
+      ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners();
+  // Adds a listener to the end.  Google Test takes the ownership.
+  listeners.Append(new MinimalistPrinter);
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
+```
+
+There's only one problem: the default test result printer is still in
+effect, so its output will mingle with the output from your minimalist
+printer. To suppress the default printer, just release it from the
+event listener list and delete it. You can do so by adding one line:
+```
+  ...
+  delete listeners.Release(listeners.default_result_printer());
+  listeners.Append(new MinimalistPrinter);
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+```
+
+Now, sit back and enjoy a completely different output from your
+tests. For more details, you can read this
+[sample](../samples/sample9_unittest.cc).
+
+You may append more than one listener to the list. When an `On*Start()`
+or `OnTestPartResult()` event is fired, the listeners will receive it in
+the order they appear in the list (since new listeners are added to
+the end of the list, the default text printer and the default XML
+generator will receive the event first). An `On*End()` event will be
+received by the listeners in the _reverse_ order. This allows output by
+listeners added later to be framed by output from listeners added
+earlier.
+
+## Generating Failures in Listeners ##
+
+You may use failure-raising macros (`EXPECT_*()`, `ASSERT_*()`,
+`FAIL()`, etc) when processing an event. There are some restrictions:
+
+  1. You cannot generate any failure in `OnTestPartResult()` (otherwise it will cause `OnTestPartResult()` to be called recursively).
+  1. A listener that handles `OnTestPartResult()` is not allowed to generate any failure.
+
+When you add listeners to the listener list, you should put listeners
+that handle `OnTestPartResult()` _before_ listeners that can generate
+failures. This ensures that failures generated by the latter are
+attributed to the right test by the former.
+
+We have a sample of failure-raising listener
+[here](../samples/sample10_unittest.cc).
+
+# Running Test Programs: Advanced Options #
+
+Google Test test programs are ordinary executables. Once built, you can run
+them directly and affect their behavior via the following environment variables
+and/or command line flags. For the flags to work, your programs must call
+`::testing::InitGoogleTest()` before calling `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`.
+
+To see a list of supported flags and their usage, please run your test
+program with the `--help` flag.  You can also use `-h`, `-?`, or `/?`
+for short.  This feature is added in version 1.3.0.
+
+If an option is specified both by an environment variable and by a
+flag, the latter takes precedence.  Most of the options can also be
+set/read in code: to access the value of command line flag
+`--gtest_foo`, write `::testing::GTEST_FLAG(foo)`.  A common pattern is
+to set the value of a flag before calling `::testing::InitGoogleTest()`
+to change the default value of the flag:
+```
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  // Disables elapsed time by default.
+  ::testing::GTEST_FLAG(print_time) = false;
+
+  // This allows the user to override the flag on the command line.
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
+```
+
+## Selecting Tests ##
+
+This section shows various options for choosing which tests to run.
+
+### Listing Test Names ###
+
+Sometimes it is necessary to list the available tests in a program before
+running them so that a filter may be applied if needed. Including the flag
+`--gtest_list_tests` overrides all other flags and lists tests in the following
+format:
+```
+TestCase1.
+  TestName1
+  TestName2
+TestCase2.
+  TestName
+```
+
+None of the tests listed are actually run if the flag is provided. There is no
+corresponding environment variable for this flag.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Running a Subset of the Tests ###
+
+By default, a Google Test program runs all tests the user has defined.
+Sometimes, you want to run only a subset of the tests (e.g. for debugging or
+quickly verifying a change). If you set the `GTEST_FILTER` environment variable
+or the `--gtest_filter` flag to a filter string, Google Test will only run the
+tests whose full names (in the form of `TestCaseName.TestName`) match the
+filter.
+
+The format of a filter is a '`:`'-separated list of wildcard patterns (called
+the positive patterns) optionally followed by a '`-`' and another
+'`:`'-separated pattern list (called the negative patterns). A test matches the
+filter if and only if it matches any of the positive patterns but does not
+match any of the negative patterns.
+
+A pattern may contain `'*'` (matches any string) or `'?'` (matches any single
+character). For convenience, the filter `'*-NegativePatterns'` can be also
+written as `'-NegativePatterns'`.
+
+For example:
+
+  * `./foo_test` Has no flag, and thus runs all its tests.
+  * `./foo_test --gtest_filter=*` Also runs everything, due to the single match-everything `*` value.
+  * `./foo_test --gtest_filter=FooTest.*` Runs everything in test case `FooTest`.
+  * `./foo_test --gtest_filter=*Null*:*Constructor*` Runs any test whose full name contains either `"Null"` or `"Constructor"`.
+  * `./foo_test --gtest_filter=-*DeathTest.*` Runs all non-death tests.
+  * `./foo_test --gtest_filter=FooTest.*-FooTest.Bar` Runs everything in test case `FooTest` except `FooTest.Bar`.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Temporarily Disabling Tests ###
+
+If you have a broken test that you cannot fix right away, you can add the
+`DISABLED_` prefix to its name. This will exclude it from execution. This is
+better than commenting out the code or using `#if 0`, as disabled tests are
+still compiled (and thus won't rot).
+
+If you need to disable all tests in a test case, you can either add `DISABLED_`
+to the front of the name of each test, or alternatively add it to the front of
+the test case name.
+
+For example, the following tests won't be run by Google Test, even though they
+will still be compiled:
+
+```
+// Tests that Foo does Abc.
+TEST(FooTest, DISABLED_DoesAbc) { ... }
+
+class DISABLED_BarTest : public ::testing::Test { ... };
+
+// Tests that Bar does Xyz.
+TEST_F(DISABLED_BarTest, DoesXyz) { ... }
+```
+
+_Note:_ This feature should only be used for temporary pain-relief. You still
+have to fix the disabled tests at a later date. As a reminder, Google Test will
+print a banner warning you if a test program contains any disabled tests.
+
+_Tip:_ You can easily count the number of disabled tests you have
+using `grep`. This number can be used as a metric for improving your
+test quality.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Temporarily Enabling Disabled Tests ###
+
+To include [disabled tests](#temporarily-disabling-tests) in test
+execution, just invoke the test program with the
+`--gtest_also_run_disabled_tests` flag or set the
+`GTEST_ALSO_RUN_DISABLED_TESTS` environment variable to a value other
+than `0`.  You can combine this with the
+[--gtest\_filter](#running-a-subset-of-the-tests) flag to further select
+which disabled tests to run.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac; since version 1.3.0.
+
+## Repeating the Tests ##
+
+Once in a while you'll run into a test whose result is hit-or-miss. Perhaps it
+will fail only 1% of the time, making it rather hard to reproduce the bug under
+a debugger. This can be a major source of frustration.
+
+The `--gtest_repeat` flag allows you to repeat all (or selected) test methods
+in a program many times. Hopefully, a flaky test will eventually fail and give
+you a chance to debug. Here's how to use it:
+
+| `$ foo_test --gtest_repeat=1000` | Repeat foo\_test 1000 times and don't stop at failures. |
+|:---------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------|
+| `$ foo_test --gtest_repeat=-1`   | A negative count means repeating forever.               |
+| `$ foo_test --gtest_repeat=1000 --gtest_break_on_failure` | Repeat foo\_test 1000 times, stopping at the first failure. This is especially useful when running under a debugger: when the testfails, it will drop into the debugger and you can then inspect variables and stacks. |
+| `$ foo_test --gtest_repeat=1000 --gtest_filter=FooBar` | Repeat the tests whose name matches the filter 1000 times. |
+
+If your test program contains global set-up/tear-down code registered
+using `AddGlobalTestEnvironment()`, it will be repeated in each
+iteration as well, as the flakiness may be in it. You can also specify
+the repeat count by setting the `GTEST_REPEAT` environment variable.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## Shuffling the Tests ##
+
+You can specify the `--gtest_shuffle` flag (or set the `GTEST_SHUFFLE`
+environment variable to `1`) to run the tests in a program in a random
+order. This helps to reveal bad dependencies between tests.
+
+By default, Google Test uses a random seed calculated from the current
+time. Therefore you'll get a different order every time. The console
+output includes the random seed value, such that you can reproduce an
+order-related test failure later. To specify the random seed
+explicitly, use the `--gtest_random_seed=SEED` flag (or set the
+`GTEST_RANDOM_SEED` environment variable), where `SEED` is an integer
+between 0 and 99999. The seed value 0 is special: it tells Google Test
+to do the default behavior of calculating the seed from the current
+time.
+
+If you combine this with `--gtest_repeat=N`, Google Test will pick a
+different random seed and re-shuffle the tests in each iteration.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac; since v1.4.0.
+
+## Controlling Test Output ##
+
+This section teaches how to tweak the way test results are reported.
+
+### Colored Terminal Output ###
+
+Google Test can use colors in its terminal output to make it easier to spot
+the separation between tests, and whether tests passed.
+
+You can set the GTEST\_COLOR environment variable or set the `--gtest_color`
+command line flag to `yes`, `no`, or `auto` (the default) to enable colors,
+disable colors, or let Google Test decide. When the value is `auto`, Google
+Test will use colors if and only if the output goes to a terminal and (on
+non-Windows platforms) the `TERM` environment variable is set to `xterm` or
+`xterm-color`.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Suppressing the Elapsed Time ###
+
+By default, Google Test prints the time it takes to run each test.  To
+suppress that, run the test program with the `--gtest_print_time=0`
+command line flag.  Setting the `GTEST_PRINT_TIME` environment
+variable to `0` has the same effect.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.  (In Google Test 1.3.0 and lower,
+the default behavior is that the elapsed time is **not** printed.)
+
+### Generating an XML Report ###
+
+Google Test can emit a detailed XML report to a file in addition to its normal
+textual output. The report contains the duration of each test, and thus can
+help you identify slow tests.
+
+To generate the XML report, set the `GTEST_OUTPUT` environment variable or the
+`--gtest_output` flag to the string `"xml:_path_to_output_file_"`, which will
+create the file at the given location. You can also just use the string
+`"xml"`, in which case the output can be found in the `test_detail.xml` file in
+the current directory.
+
+If you specify a directory (for example, `"xml:output/directory/"` on Linux or
+`"xml:output\directory\"` on Windows), Google Test will create the XML file in
+that directory, named after the test executable (e.g. `foo_test.xml` for test
+program `foo_test` or `foo_test.exe`). If the file already exists (perhaps left
+over from a previous run), Google Test will pick a different name (e.g.
+`foo_test_1.xml`) to avoid overwriting it.
+
+The report uses the format described here.  It is based on the
+`junitreport` Ant task and can be parsed by popular continuous build
+systems like [Jenkins](http://jenkins-ci.org/). Since that format
+was originally intended for Java, a little interpretation is required
+to make it apply to Google Test tests, as shown here:
+
+```
+<testsuites name="AllTests" ...>
+  <testsuite name="test_case_name" ...>
+    <testcase name="test_name" ...>
+      <failure message="..."/>
+      <failure message="..."/>
+      <failure message="..."/>
+    </testcase>
+  </testsuite>
+</testsuites>
+```
+
+  * The root `<testsuites>` element corresponds to the entire test program.
+  * `<testsuite>` elements correspond to Google Test test cases.
+  * `<testcase>` elements correspond to Google Test test functions.
+
+For instance, the following program
+
+```
+TEST(MathTest, Addition) { ... }
+TEST(MathTest, Subtraction) { ... }
+TEST(LogicTest, NonContradiction) { ... }
+```
+
+could generate this report:
+
+```
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<testsuites tests="3" failures="1" errors="0" time="35" name="AllTests">
+  <testsuite name="MathTest" tests="2" failures="1" errors="0" time="15">
+    <testcase name="Addition" status="run" time="7" classname="">
+      <failure message="Value of: add(1, 1)&#x0A; Actual: 3&#x0A;Expected: 2" type=""/>
+      <failure message="Value of: add(1, -1)&#x0A; Actual: 1&#x0A;Expected: 0" type=""/>
+    </testcase>
+    <testcase name="Subtraction" status="run" time="5" classname="">
+    </testcase>
+  </testsuite>
+  <testsuite name="LogicTest" tests="1" failures="0" errors="0" time="5">
+    <testcase name="NonContradiction" status="run" time="5" classname="">
+    </testcase>
+  </testsuite>
+</testsuites>
+```
+
+Things to note:
+
+  * The `tests` attribute of a `<testsuites>` or `<testsuite>` element tells how many test functions the Google Test program or test case contains, while the `failures` attribute tells how many of them failed.
+  * The `time` attribute expresses the duration of the test, test case, or entire test program in milliseconds.
+  * Each `<failure>` element corresponds to a single failed Google Test assertion.
+  * Some JUnit concepts don't apply to Google Test, yet we have to conform to the DTD. Therefore you'll see some dummy elements and attributes in the report. You can safely ignore these parts.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## Controlling How Failures Are Reported ##
+
+### Turning Assertion Failures into Break-Points ###
+
+When running test programs under a debugger, it's very convenient if the
+debugger can catch an assertion failure and automatically drop into interactive
+mode. Google Test's _break-on-failure_ mode supports this behavior.
+
+To enable it, set the `GTEST_BREAK_ON_FAILURE` environment variable to a value
+other than `0` . Alternatively, you can use the `--gtest_break_on_failure`
+command line flag.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Disabling Catching Test-Thrown Exceptions ###
+
+Google Test can be used either with or without exceptions enabled.  If
+a test throws a C++ exception or (on Windows) a structured exception
+(SEH), by default Google Test catches it, reports it as a test
+failure, and continues with the next test method.  This maximizes the
+coverage of a test run.  Also, on Windows an uncaught exception will
+cause a pop-up window, so catching the exceptions allows you to run
+the tests automatically.
+
+When debugging the test failures, however, you may instead want the
+exceptions to be handled by the debugger, such that you can examine
+the call stack when an exception is thrown.  To achieve that, set the
+`GTEST_CATCH_EXCEPTIONS` environment variable to `0`, or use the
+`--gtest_catch_exceptions=0` flag when running the tests.
+
+**Availability**: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+### Letting Another Testing Framework Drive ###
+
+If you work on a project that has already been using another testing
+framework and is not ready to completely switch to Google Test yet,
+you can get much of Google Test's benefit by using its assertions in
+your existing tests.  Just change your `main()` function to look
+like:
+
+```
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  ::testing::GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = true;
+  // Important: Google Test must be initialized.
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+  ... whatever your existing testing framework requires ...
+}
+```
+
+With that, you can use Google Test assertions in addition to the
+native assertions your testing framework provides, for example:
+
+```
+void TestFooDoesBar() {
+  Foo foo;
+  EXPECT_LE(foo.Bar(1), 100);     // A Google Test assertion.
+  CPPUNIT_ASSERT(foo.IsEmpty());  // A native assertion.
+}
+```
+
+If a Google Test assertion fails, it will print an error message and
+throw an exception, which will be treated as a failure by your host
+testing framework.  If you compile your code with exceptions disabled,
+a failed Google Test assertion will instead exit your program with a
+non-zero code, which will also signal a test failure to your test
+runner.
+
+If you don't write `::testing::GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = true;` in
+your `main()`, you can alternatively enable this feature by specifying
+the `--gtest_throw_on_failure` flag on the command-line or setting the
+`GTEST_THROW_ON_FAILURE` environment variable to a non-zero value.
+
+Death tests are _not_ supported when other test framework is used to organize tests.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac; since v1.3.0.
+
+## Distributing Test Functions to Multiple Machines ##
+
+If you have more than one machine you can use to run a test program,
+you might want to run the test functions in parallel and get the
+result faster.  We call this technique _sharding_, where each machine
+is called a _shard_.
+
+Google Test is compatible with test sharding.  To take advantage of
+this feature, your test runner (not part of Google Test) needs to do
+the following:
+
+  1. Allocate a number of machines (shards) to run the tests.
+  1. On each shard, set the `GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS` environment variable to the total number of shards.  It must be the same for all shards.
+  1. On each shard, set the `GTEST_SHARD_INDEX` environment variable to the index of the shard.  Different shards must be assigned different indices, which must be in the range `[0, GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS - 1]`.
+  1. Run the same test program on all shards.  When Google Test sees the above two environment variables, it will select a subset of the test functions to run.  Across all shards, each test function in the program will be run exactly once.
+  1. Wait for all shards to finish, then collect and report the results.
+
+Your project may have tests that were written without Google Test and
+thus don't understand this protocol.  In order for your test runner to
+figure out which test supports sharding, it can set the environment
+variable `GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE` to a non-existent file path.  If a
+test program supports sharding, it will create this file to
+acknowledge the fact (the actual contents of the file are not
+important at this time; although we may stick some useful information
+in it in the future.); otherwise it will not create it.
+
+Here's an example to make it clear.  Suppose you have a test program
+`foo_test` that contains the following 5 test functions:
+```
+TEST(A, V)
+TEST(A, W)
+TEST(B, X)
+TEST(B, Y)
+TEST(B, Z)
+```
+and you have 3 machines at your disposal.  To run the test functions in
+parallel, you would set `GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS` to 3 on all machines, and
+set `GTEST_SHARD_INDEX` to 0, 1, and 2 on the machines respectively.
+Then you would run the same `foo_test` on each machine.
+
+Google Test reserves the right to change how the work is distributed
+across the shards, but here's one possible scenario:
+
+  * Machine #0 runs `A.V` and `B.X`.
+  * Machine #1 runs `A.W` and `B.Y`.
+  * Machine #2 runs `B.Z`.
+
+_Availability:_ Linux, Windows, Mac; since version 1.3.0.
+
+# Fusing Google Test Source Files #
+
+Google Test's implementation consists of ~30 files (excluding its own
+tests).  Sometimes you may want them to be packaged up in two files (a
+`.h` and a `.cc`) instead, such that you can easily copy them to a new
+machine and start hacking there.  For this we provide an experimental
+Python script `fuse_gtest_files.py` in the `scripts/` directory (since release 1.3.0).
+Assuming you have Python 2.4 or above installed on your machine, just
+go to that directory and run
+```
+python fuse_gtest_files.py OUTPUT_DIR
+```
+
+and you should see an `OUTPUT_DIR` directory being created with files
+`gtest/gtest.h` and `gtest/gtest-all.cc` in it.  These files contain
+everything you need to use Google Test.  Just copy them to anywhere
+you want and you are ready to write tests.  You can use the
+[scripts/test/Makefile](../scripts/test/Makefile)
+file as an example on how to compile your tests against them.
+
+# Where to Go from Here #
+
+Congratulations! You've now learned more advanced Google Test tools and are
+ready to tackle more complex testing tasks. If you want to dive even deeper, you
+can read the [Frequently-Asked Questions](V1_7_FAQ.md).
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_7_Documentation.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_7_Documentation.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..282697a50b9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_7_Documentation.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+This page lists all documentation wiki pages for Google Test **(the SVN trunk version)**
+-- **if you use a released version of Google Test, please read the
+documentation for that specific version instead.**
+
+  * [Primer](V1_7_Primer.md) -- start here if you are new to Google Test.
+  * [Samples](V1_7_Samples.md) -- learn from examples.
+  * [AdvancedGuide](V1_7_AdvancedGuide.md) -- learn more about Google Test.
+  * [XcodeGuide](V1_7_XcodeGuide.md) -- how to use Google Test in Xcode on Mac.
+  * [Frequently-Asked Questions](V1_7_FAQ.md) -- check here before asking a question on the mailing list.
+
+To contribute code to Google Test, read:
+
+  * [DevGuide](DevGuide.md) -- read this _before_ writing your first patch.
+  * [PumpManual](V1_7_PumpManual.md) -- how we generate some of Google Test's source files.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_7_FAQ.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_7_FAQ.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3dd914dcf16a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_7_FAQ.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1082 @@
+
+
+If you cannot find the answer to your question here, and you have read
+[Primer](V1_7_Primer.md) and [AdvancedGuide](V1_7_AdvancedGuide.md), send it to
+googletestframework@googlegroups.com.
+
+## Why should I use Google Test instead of my favorite C++ testing framework? ##
+
+First, let us say clearly that we don't want to get into the debate of
+which C++ testing framework is **the best**.  There exist many fine
+frameworks for writing C++ tests, and we have tremendous respect for
+the developers and users of them.  We don't think there is (or will
+be) a single best framework - you have to pick the right tool for the
+particular task you are tackling.
+
+We created Google Test because we couldn't find the right combination
+of features and conveniences in an existing framework to satisfy _our_
+needs.  The following is a list of things that _we_ like about Google
+Test.  We don't claim them to be unique to Google Test - rather, the
+combination of them makes Google Test the choice for us.  We hope this
+list can help you decide whether it is for you too.
+
+  * Google Test is designed to be portable: it doesn't require exceptions or RTTI; it works around various bugs in various compilers and environments; etc.  As a result, it works on Linux, Mac OS X, Windows and several embedded operating systems.
+  * Nonfatal assertions (`EXPECT_*`) have proven to be great time savers, as they allow a test to report multiple failures in a single edit-compile-test cycle.
+  * It's easy to write assertions that generate informative messages: you just use the stream syntax to append any additional information, e.g. `ASSERT_EQ(5, Foo(i)) << " where i = " << i;`.  It doesn't require a new set of macros or special functions.
+  * Google Test automatically detects your tests and doesn't require you to enumerate them in order to run them.
+  * Death tests are pretty handy for ensuring that your asserts in production code are triggered by the right conditions.
+  * `SCOPED_TRACE` helps you understand the context of an assertion failure when it comes from inside a sub-routine or loop.
+  * You can decide which tests to run using name patterns.  This saves time when you want to quickly reproduce a test failure.
+  * Google Test can generate XML test result reports that can be parsed by popular continuous build system like Hudson.
+  * Simple things are easy in Google Test, while hard things are possible: in addition to advanced features like [global test environments](V1_7_AdvancedGuide.md#global-set-up-and-tear-down) and tests parameterized by [values](V1_7_AdvancedGuide.md#value-parameterized-tests) or [types](V1_7_AdvancedGuide.md#typed-tests), Google Test supports various ways for the user to extend the framework -- if Google Test doesn't do something out of the box, chances are that a user can implement the feature using Google Test's public API, without changing Google Test itself.  In particular, you can:
+    * expand your testing vocabulary by defining [custom predicates](V1_7_AdvancedGuide.md#predicate-assertions-for-better-error-messages),
+    * teach Google Test how to [print your types](V1_7_AdvancedGuide.md#teaching-google-test-how-to-print-your-values),
+    * define your own testing macros or utilities and verify them using Google Test's [Service Provider Interface](V1_7_AdvancedGuide.md#catching-failures), and
+    * reflect on the test cases or change the test output format by intercepting the [test events](V1_7_AdvancedGuide.md#extending-google-test-by-handling-test-events).
+
+## I'm getting warnings when compiling Google Test.  Would you fix them? ##
+
+We strive to minimize compiler warnings Google Test generates.  Before releasing a new version, we test to make sure that it doesn't generate warnings when compiled using its CMake script on Windows, Linux, and Mac OS.
+
+Unfortunately, this doesn't mean you are guaranteed to see no warnings when compiling Google Test in your environment:
+
+  * You may be using a different compiler as we use, or a different version of the same compiler.  We cannot possibly test for all compilers.
+  * You may be compiling on a different platform as we do.
+  * Your project may be using different compiler flags as we do.
+
+It is not always possible to make Google Test warning-free for everyone.  Or, it may not be desirable if the warning is rarely enabled and fixing the violations makes the code more complex.
+
+If you see warnings when compiling Google Test, we suggest that you use the `-isystem` flag (assuming your are using GCC) to mark Google Test headers as system headers.  That'll suppress warnings from Google Test headers.
+
+## Why should not test case names and test names contain underscore? ##
+
+Underscore (`_`) is special, as C++ reserves the following to be used by
+the compiler and the standard library:
+
+  1. any identifier that starts with an `_` followed by an upper-case letter, and
+  1. any identifier that containers two consecutive underscores (i.e. `__`) _anywhere_ in its name.
+
+User code is _prohibited_ from using such identifiers.
+
+Now let's look at what this means for `TEST` and `TEST_F`.
+
+Currently `TEST(TestCaseName, TestName)` generates a class named
+`TestCaseName_TestName_Test`.  What happens if `TestCaseName` or `TestName`
+contains `_`?
+
+  1. If `TestCaseName` starts with an `_` followed by an upper-case letter (say, `_Foo`), we end up with `_Foo_TestName_Test`, which is reserved and thus invalid.
+  1. If `TestCaseName` ends with an `_` (say, `Foo_`), we get `Foo__TestName_Test`, which is invalid.
+  1. If `TestName` starts with an `_` (say, `_Bar`), we get `TestCaseName__Bar_Test`, which is invalid.
+  1. If `TestName` ends with an `_` (say, `Bar_`), we get `TestCaseName_Bar__Test`, which is invalid.
+
+So clearly `TestCaseName` and `TestName` cannot start or end with `_`
+(Actually, `TestCaseName` can start with `_` -- as long as the `_` isn't
+followed by an upper-case letter.  But that's getting complicated.  So
+for simplicity we just say that it cannot start with `_`.).
+
+It may seem fine for `TestCaseName` and `TestName` to contain `_` in the
+middle.  However, consider this:
+```
+TEST(Time, Flies_Like_An_Arrow) { ... }
+TEST(Time_Flies, Like_An_Arrow) { ... }
+```
+
+Now, the two `TEST`s will both generate the same class
+(`Time_Files_Like_An_Arrow_Test`).  That's not good.
+
+So for simplicity, we just ask the users to avoid `_` in `TestCaseName`
+and `TestName`.  The rule is more constraining than necessary, but it's
+simple and easy to remember.  It also gives Google Test some wiggle
+room in case its implementation needs to change in the future.
+
+If you violate the rule, there may not be immediately consequences,
+but your test may (just may) break with a new compiler (or a new
+version of the compiler you are using) or with a new version of Google
+Test.  Therefore it's best to follow the rule.
+
+## Why is it not recommended to install a pre-compiled copy of Google Test (for example, into /usr/local)? ##
+
+In the early days, we said that you could install
+compiled Google Test libraries on `*`nix systems using `make install`.
+Then every user of your machine can write tests without
+recompiling Google Test.
+
+This seemed like a good idea, but it has a
+got-cha: every user needs to compile his tests using the _same_ compiler
+flags used to compile the installed Google Test libraries; otherwise
+he may run into undefined behaviors (i.e. the tests can behave
+strangely and may even crash for no obvious reasons).
+
+Why?  Because C++ has this thing called the One-Definition Rule: if
+two C++ source files contain different definitions of the same
+class/function/variable, and you link them together, you violate the
+rule.  The linker may or may not catch the error (in many cases it's
+not required by the C++ standard to catch the violation).  If it
+doesn't, you get strange run-time behaviors that are unexpected and
+hard to debug.
+
+If you compile Google Test and your test code using different compiler
+flags, they may see different definitions of the same
+class/function/variable (e.g. due to the use of `#if` in Google Test).
+Therefore, for your sanity, we recommend to avoid installing pre-compiled
+Google Test libraries.  Instead, each project should compile
+Google Test itself such that it can be sure that the same flags are
+used for both Google Test and the tests.
+
+## How do I generate 64-bit binaries on Windows (using Visual Studio 2008)? ##
+
+(Answered by Trevor Robinson)
+
+Load the supplied Visual Studio solution file, either `msvc\gtest-md.sln` or
+`msvc\gtest.sln`. Go through the migration wizard to migrate the
+solution and project files to Visual Studio 2008. Select
+`Configuration Manager...` from the `Build` menu. Select `<New...>` from
+the `Active solution platform` dropdown.  Select `x64` from the new
+platform dropdown, leave `Copy settings from` set to `Win32` and
+`Create new project platforms` checked, then click `OK`. You now have
+`Win32` and `x64` platform configurations, selectable from the
+`Standard` toolbar, which allow you to toggle between building 32-bit or
+64-bit binaries (or both at once using Batch Build).
+
+In order to prevent build output files from overwriting one another,
+you'll need to change the `Intermediate Directory` settings for the
+newly created platform configuration across all the projects. To do
+this, multi-select (e.g. using shift-click) all projects (but not the
+solution) in the `Solution Explorer`. Right-click one of them and
+select `Properties`. In the left pane, select `Configuration Properties`,
+and from the `Configuration` dropdown, select `All Configurations`.
+Make sure the selected platform is `x64`. For the
+`Intermediate Directory` setting, change the value from
+`$(PlatformName)\$(ConfigurationName)` to
+`$(OutDir)\$(ProjectName)`. Click `OK` and then build the
+solution. When the build is complete, the 64-bit binaries will be in
+the `msvc\x64\Debug` directory.
+
+## Can I use Google Test on MinGW? ##
+
+We haven't tested this ourselves, but Per Abrahamsen reported that he
+was able to compile and install Google Test successfully when using
+MinGW from Cygwin.  You'll need to configure it with:
+
+`PATH/TO/configure CC="gcc -mno-cygwin" CXX="g++ -mno-cygwin"`
+
+You should be able to replace the `-mno-cygwin` option with direct links
+to the real MinGW binaries, but we haven't tried that.
+
+Caveats:
+
+  * There are many warnings when compiling.
+  * `make check` will produce some errors as not all tests for Google Test itself are compatible with MinGW.
+
+We also have reports on successful cross compilation of Google Test
+MinGW binaries on Linux using
+[these instructions](http://wiki.wxwidgets.org/Cross-Compiling_Under_Linux#Cross-compiling_under_Linux_for_MS_Windows)
+on the WxWidgets site.
+
+Please contact `googletestframework@googlegroups.com` if you are
+interested in improving the support for MinGW.
+
+## Why does Google Test support EXPECT\_EQ(NULL, ptr) and ASSERT\_EQ(NULL, ptr) but not EXPECT\_NE(NULL, ptr) and ASSERT\_NE(NULL, ptr)? ##
+
+Due to some peculiarity of C++, it requires some non-trivial template
+meta programming tricks to support using `NULL` as an argument of the
+`EXPECT_XX()` and `ASSERT_XX()` macros. Therefore we only do it where
+it's most needed (otherwise we make the implementation of Google Test
+harder to maintain and more error-prone than necessary).
+
+The `EXPECT_EQ()` macro takes the _expected_ value as its first
+argument and the _actual_ value as the second. It's reasonable that
+someone wants to write `EXPECT_EQ(NULL, some_expression)`, and this
+indeed was requested several times. Therefore we implemented it.
+
+The need for `EXPECT_NE(NULL, ptr)` isn't nearly as strong. When the
+assertion fails, you already know that `ptr` must be `NULL`, so it
+doesn't add any information to print ptr in this case. That means
+`EXPECT_TRUE(ptr != NULL)` works just as well.
+
+If we were to support `EXPECT_NE(NULL, ptr)`, for consistency we'll
+have to support `EXPECT_NE(ptr, NULL)` as well, as unlike `EXPECT_EQ`,
+we don't have a convention on the order of the two arguments for
+`EXPECT_NE`. This means using the template meta programming tricks
+twice in the implementation, making it even harder to understand and
+maintain. We believe the benefit doesn't justify the cost.
+
+Finally, with the growth of Google Mock's [matcher](../../CookBook.md#using-matchers-in-google-test-assertions) library, we are
+encouraging people to use the unified `EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher)`
+syntax more often in tests. One significant advantage of the matcher
+approach is that matchers can be easily combined to form new matchers,
+while the `EXPECT_NE`, etc, macros cannot be easily
+combined. Therefore we want to invest more in the matchers than in the
+`EXPECT_XX()` macros.
+
+## Does Google Test support running tests in parallel? ##
+
+Test runners tend to be tightly coupled with the build/test
+environment, and Google Test doesn't try to solve the problem of
+running tests in parallel.  Instead, we tried to make Google Test work
+nicely with test runners.  For example, Google Test's XML report
+contains the time spent on each test, and its `gtest_list_tests` and
+`gtest_filter` flags can be used for splitting the execution of test
+methods into multiple processes.  These functionalities can help the
+test runner run the tests in parallel.
+
+## Why don't Google Test run the tests in different threads to speed things up? ##
+
+It's difficult to write thread-safe code.  Most tests are not written
+with thread-safety in mind, and thus may not work correctly in a
+multi-threaded setting.
+
+If you think about it, it's already hard to make your code work when
+you know what other threads are doing.  It's much harder, and
+sometimes even impossible, to make your code work when you don't know
+what other threads are doing (remember that test methods can be added,
+deleted, or modified after your test was written).  If you want to run
+the tests in parallel, you'd better run them in different processes.
+
+## Why aren't Google Test assertions implemented using exceptions? ##
+
+Our original motivation was to be able to use Google Test in projects
+that disable exceptions.  Later we realized some additional benefits
+of this approach:
+
+  1. Throwing in a destructor is undefined behavior in C++.  Not using exceptions means Google Test's assertions are safe to use in destructors.
+  1. The `EXPECT_*` family of macros will continue even after a failure, allowing multiple failures in a `TEST` to be reported in a single run. This is a popular feature, as in C++ the edit-compile-test cycle is usually quite long and being able to fixing more than one thing at a time is a blessing.
+  1. If assertions are implemented using exceptions, a test may falsely ignore a failure if it's caught by user code:
+```
+try { ... ASSERT_TRUE(...) ... }
+catch (...) { ... }
+```
+The above code will pass even if the `ASSERT_TRUE` throws.  While it's unlikely for someone to write this in a test, it's possible to run into this pattern when you write assertions in callbacks that are called by the code under test.
+
+The downside of not using exceptions is that `ASSERT_*` (implemented
+using `return`) will only abort the current function, not the current
+`TEST`.
+
+## Why do we use two different macros for tests with and without fixtures? ##
+
+Unfortunately, C++'s macro system doesn't allow us to use the same
+macro for both cases.  One possibility is to provide only one macro
+for tests with fixtures, and require the user to define an empty
+fixture sometimes:
+
+```
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {};
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, DoesThis) { ... }
+```
+or
+```
+typedef ::testing::Test FooTest;
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, DoesThat) { ... }
+```
+
+Yet, many people think this is one line too many. :-) Our goal was to
+make it really easy to write tests, so we tried to make simple tests
+trivial to create.  That means using a separate macro for such tests.
+
+We think neither approach is ideal, yet either of them is reasonable.
+In the end, it probably doesn't matter much either way.
+
+## Why don't we use structs as test fixtures? ##
+
+We like to use structs only when representing passive data.  This
+distinction between structs and classes is good for documenting the
+intent of the code's author.  Since test fixtures have logic like
+`SetUp()` and `TearDown()`, they are better defined as classes.
+
+## Why are death tests implemented as assertions instead of using a test runner? ##
+
+Our goal was to make death tests as convenient for a user as C++
+possibly allows.  In particular:
+
+  * The runner-style requires to split the information into two pieces: the definition of the death test itself, and the specification for the runner on how to run the death test and what to expect.  The death test would be written in C++, while the runner spec may or may not be.  A user needs to carefully keep the two in sync. `ASSERT_DEATH(statement, expected_message)` specifies all necessary information in one place, in one language, without boilerplate code. It is very declarative.
+  * `ASSERT_DEATH` has a similar syntax and error-reporting semantics as other Google Test assertions, and thus is easy to learn.
+  * `ASSERT_DEATH` can be mixed with other assertions and other logic at your will.  You are not limited to one death test per test method. For example, you can write something like:
+```
+    if (FooCondition()) {
+      ASSERT_DEATH(Bar(), "blah");
+    } else {
+      ASSERT_EQ(5, Bar());
+    }
+```
+If you prefer one death test per test method, you can write your tests in that style too, but we don't want to impose that on the users.  The fewer artificial limitations the better.
+  * `ASSERT_DEATH` can reference local variables in the current function, and you can decide how many death tests you want based on run-time information.  For example,
+```
+    const int count = GetCount();  // Only known at run time.
+    for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++) {
+      ASSERT_DEATH({
+        double* buffer = new double[i];
+        ... initializes buffer ...
+        Foo(buffer, i)
+      }, "blah blah");
+    }
+```
+The runner-based approach tends to be more static and less flexible, or requires more user effort to get this kind of flexibility.
+
+Another interesting thing about `ASSERT_DEATH` is that it calls `fork()`
+to create a child process to run the death test.  This is lightening
+fast, as `fork()` uses copy-on-write pages and incurs almost zero
+overhead, and the child process starts from the user-supplied
+statement directly, skipping all global and local initialization and
+any code leading to the given statement.  If you launch the child
+process from scratch, it can take seconds just to load everything and
+start running if the test links to many libraries dynamically.
+
+## My death test modifies some state, but the change seems lost after the death test finishes. Why? ##
+
+Death tests (`EXPECT_DEATH`, etc) are executed in a sub-process s.t. the
+expected crash won't kill the test program (i.e. the parent process). As a
+result, any in-memory side effects they incur are observable in their
+respective sub-processes, but not in the parent process. You can think of them
+as running in a parallel universe, more or less.
+
+## The compiler complains about "undefined references" to some static const member variables, but I did define them in the class body. What's wrong? ##
+
+If your class has a static data member:
+
+```
+// foo.h
+class Foo {
+  ...
+  static const int kBar = 100;
+};
+```
+
+You also need to define it _outside_ of the class body in `foo.cc`:
+
+```
+const int Foo::kBar;  // No initializer here.
+```
+
+Otherwise your code is **invalid C++**, and may break in unexpected ways. In
+particular, using it in Google Test comparison assertions (`EXPECT_EQ`, etc)
+will generate an "undefined reference" linker error.
+
+## I have an interface that has several implementations. Can I write a set of tests once and repeat them over all the implementations? ##
+
+Google Test doesn't yet have good support for this kind of tests, or
+data-driven tests in general. We hope to be able to make improvements in this
+area soon.
+
+## Can I derive a test fixture from another? ##
+
+Yes.
+
+Each test fixture has a corresponding and same named test case. This means only
+one test case can use a particular fixture. Sometimes, however, multiple test
+cases may want to use the same or slightly different fixtures. For example, you
+may want to make sure that all of a GUI library's test cases don't leak
+important system resources like fonts and brushes.
+
+In Google Test, you share a fixture among test cases by putting the shared
+logic in a base test fixture, then deriving from that base a separate fixture
+for each test case that wants to use this common logic. You then use `TEST_F()`
+to write tests using each derived fixture.
+
+Typically, your code looks like this:
+
+```
+// Defines a base test fixture.
+class BaseTest : public ::testing::Test {
+  protected:
+   ...
+};
+
+// Derives a fixture FooTest from BaseTest.
+class FooTest : public BaseTest {
+  protected:
+    virtual void SetUp() {
+      BaseTest::SetUp();  // Sets up the base fixture first.
+      ... additional set-up work ...
+    }
+    virtual void TearDown() {
+      ... clean-up work for FooTest ...
+      BaseTest::TearDown();  // Remember to tear down the base fixture
+                             // after cleaning up FooTest!
+    }
+    ... functions and variables for FooTest ...
+};
+
+// Tests that use the fixture FooTest.
+TEST_F(FooTest, Bar) { ... }
+TEST_F(FooTest, Baz) { ... }
+
+... additional fixtures derived from BaseTest ...
+```
+
+If necessary, you can continue to derive test fixtures from a derived fixture.
+Google Test has no limit on how deep the hierarchy can be.
+
+For a complete example using derived test fixtures, see
+[sample5](../samples/sample5_unittest.cc).
+
+## My compiler complains "void value not ignored as it ought to be." What does this mean? ##
+
+You're probably using an `ASSERT_*()` in a function that doesn't return `void`.
+`ASSERT_*()` can only be used in `void` functions.
+
+## My death test hangs (or seg-faults). How do I fix it? ##
+
+In Google Test, death tests are run in a child process and the way they work is
+delicate. To write death tests you really need to understand how they work.
+Please make sure you have read this.
+
+In particular, death tests don't like having multiple threads in the parent
+process. So the first thing you can try is to eliminate creating threads
+outside of `EXPECT_DEATH()`.
+
+Sometimes this is impossible as some library you must use may be creating
+threads before `main()` is even reached. In this case, you can try to minimize
+the chance of conflicts by either moving as many activities as possible inside
+`EXPECT_DEATH()` (in the extreme case, you want to move everything inside), or
+leaving as few things as possible in it. Also, you can try to set the death
+test style to `"threadsafe"`, which is safer but slower, and see if it helps.
+
+If you go with thread-safe death tests, remember that they rerun the test
+program from the beginning in the child process. Therefore make sure your
+program can run side-by-side with itself and is deterministic.
+
+In the end, this boils down to good concurrent programming. You have to make
+sure that there is no race conditions or dead locks in your program. No silver
+bullet - sorry!
+
+## Should I use the constructor/destructor of the test fixture or the set-up/tear-down function? ##
+
+The first thing to remember is that Google Test does not reuse the
+same test fixture object across multiple tests. For each `TEST_F`,
+Google Test will create a fresh test fixture object, _immediately_
+call `SetUp()`, run the test, call `TearDown()`, and then
+_immediately_ delete the test fixture object. Therefore, there is no
+need to write a `SetUp()` or `TearDown()` function if the constructor
+or destructor already does the job.
+
+You may still want to use `SetUp()/TearDown()` in the following cases:
+  * If the tear-down operation could throw an exception, you must use `TearDown()` as opposed to the destructor, as throwing in a destructor leads to undefined behavior and usually will kill your program right away. Note that many standard libraries (like STL) may throw when exceptions are enabled in the compiler. Therefore you should prefer `TearDown()` if you want to write portable tests that work with or without exceptions.
+  * The assertion macros throw an exception when flag `--gtest_throw_on_failure` is specified. Therefore, you shouldn't use Google Test assertions in a destructor if you plan to run your tests with this flag.
+  * In a constructor or destructor, you cannot make a virtual function call on this object. (You can call a method declared as virtual, but it will be statically bound.) Therefore, if you need to call a method that will be overriden in a derived class, you have to use `SetUp()/TearDown()`.
+
+## The compiler complains "no matching function to call" when I use ASSERT\_PREDn. How do I fix it? ##
+
+If the predicate function you use in `ASSERT_PRED*` or `EXPECT_PRED*` is
+overloaded or a template, the compiler will have trouble figuring out which
+overloaded version it should use. `ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT*` and
+`EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT*` don't have this problem.
+
+If you see this error, you might want to switch to
+`(ASSERT|EXPECT)_PRED_FORMAT*`, which will also give you a better failure
+message. If, however, that is not an option, you can resolve the problem by
+explicitly telling the compiler which version to pick.
+
+For example, suppose you have
+
+```
+bool IsPositive(int n) {
+  return n > 0;
+}
+bool IsPositive(double x) {
+  return x > 0;
+}
+```
+
+you will get a compiler error if you write
+
+```
+EXPECT_PRED1(IsPositive, 5);
+```
+
+However, this will work:
+
+```
+EXPECT_PRED1(*static_cast<bool (*)(int)>*(IsPositive), 5);
+```
+
+(The stuff inside the angled brackets for the `static_cast` operator is the
+type of the function pointer for the `int`-version of `IsPositive()`.)
+
+As another example, when you have a template function
+
+```
+template <typename T>
+bool IsNegative(T x) {
+  return x < 0;
+}
+```
+
+you can use it in a predicate assertion like this:
+
+```
+ASSERT_PRED1(IsNegative*<int>*, -5);
+```
+
+Things are more interesting if your template has more than one parameters. The
+following won't compile:
+
+```
+ASSERT_PRED2(*GreaterThan<int, int>*, 5, 0);
+```
+
+
+as the C++ pre-processor thinks you are giving `ASSERT_PRED2` 4 arguments,
+which is one more than expected. The workaround is to wrap the predicate
+function in parentheses:
+
+```
+ASSERT_PRED2(*(GreaterThan<int, int>)*, 5, 0);
+```
+
+
+## My compiler complains about "ignoring return value" when I call RUN\_ALL\_TESTS(). Why? ##
+
+Some people had been ignoring the return value of `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`. That is,
+instead of
+
+```
+return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+```
+
+they write
+
+```
+RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+```
+
+This is wrong and dangerous. A test runner needs to see the return value of
+`RUN_ALL_TESTS()` in order to determine if a test has passed. If your `main()`
+function ignores it, your test will be considered successful even if it has a
+Google Test assertion failure. Very bad.
+
+To help the users avoid this dangerous bug, the implementation of
+`RUN_ALL_TESTS()` causes gcc to raise this warning, when the return value is
+ignored. If you see this warning, the fix is simple: just make sure its value
+is used as the return value of `main()`.
+
+## My compiler complains that a constructor (or destructor) cannot return a value. What's going on? ##
+
+Due to a peculiarity of C++, in order to support the syntax for streaming
+messages to an `ASSERT_*`, e.g.
+
+```
+ASSERT_EQ(1, Foo()) << "blah blah" << foo;
+```
+
+we had to give up using `ASSERT*` and `FAIL*` (but not `EXPECT*` and
+`ADD_FAILURE*`) in constructors and destructors. The workaround is to move the
+content of your constructor/destructor to a private void member function, or
+switch to `EXPECT_*()` if that works. This section in the user's guide explains
+it.
+
+## My set-up function is not called. Why? ##
+
+C++ is case-sensitive. It should be spelled as `SetUp()`.  Did you
+spell it as `Setup()`?
+
+Similarly, sometimes people spell `SetUpTestCase()` as `SetupTestCase()` and
+wonder why it's never called.
+
+## How do I jump to the line of a failure in Emacs directly? ##
+
+Google Test's failure message format is understood by Emacs and many other
+IDEs, like acme and XCode. If a Google Test message is in a compilation buffer
+in Emacs, then it's clickable. You can now hit `enter` on a message to jump to
+the corresponding source code, or use `C-x `` to jump to the next failure.
+
+## I have several test cases which share the same test fixture logic, do I have to define a new test fixture class for each of them? This seems pretty tedious. ##
+
+You don't have to. Instead of
+
+```
+class FooTest : public BaseTest {};
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Abc) { ... }
+TEST_F(FooTest, Def) { ... }
+
+class BarTest : public BaseTest {};
+
+TEST_F(BarTest, Abc) { ... }
+TEST_F(BarTest, Def) { ... }
+```
+
+you can simply `typedef` the test fixtures:
+```
+typedef BaseTest FooTest;
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Abc) { ... }
+TEST_F(FooTest, Def) { ... }
+
+typedef BaseTest BarTest;
+
+TEST_F(BarTest, Abc) { ... }
+TEST_F(BarTest, Def) { ... }
+```
+
+## The Google Test output is buried in a whole bunch of log messages. What do I do? ##
+
+The Google Test output is meant to be a concise and human-friendly report. If
+your test generates textual output itself, it will mix with the Google Test
+output, making it hard to read. However, there is an easy solution to this
+problem.
+
+Since most log messages go to stderr, we decided to let Google Test output go
+to stdout. This way, you can easily separate the two using redirection. For
+example:
+```
+./my_test > googletest_output.txt
+```
+
+## Why should I prefer test fixtures over global variables? ##
+
+There are several good reasons:
+  1. It's likely your test needs to change the states of its global variables. This makes it difficult to keep side effects from escaping one test and contaminating others, making debugging difficult. By using fixtures, each test has a fresh set of variables that's different (but with the same names). Thus, tests are kept independent of each other.
+  1. Global variables pollute the global namespace.
+  1. Test fixtures can be reused via subclassing, which cannot be done easily with global variables. This is useful if many test cases have something in common.
+
+## How do I test private class members without writing FRIEND\_TEST()s? ##
+
+You should try to write testable code, which means classes should be easily
+tested from their public interface. One way to achieve this is the Pimpl idiom:
+you move all private members of a class into a helper class, and make all
+members of the helper class public.
+
+You have several other options that don't require using `FRIEND_TEST`:
+  * Write the tests as members of the fixture class:
+```
+class Foo {
+  friend class FooTest;
+  ...
+};
+
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  ...
+  void Test1() {...} // This accesses private members of class Foo.
+  void Test2() {...} // So does this one.
+};
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Test1) {
+  Test1();
+}
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Test2) {
+  Test2();
+}
+```
+  * In the fixture class, write accessors for the tested class' private members, then use the accessors in your tests:
+```
+class Foo {
+  friend class FooTest;
+  ...
+};
+
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  ...
+  T1 get_private_member1(Foo* obj) {
+    return obj->private_member1_;
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Test1) {
+  ...
+  get_private_member1(x)
+  ...
+}
+```
+  * If the methods are declared **protected**, you can change their access level in a test-only subclass:
+```
+class YourClass {
+  ...
+ protected: // protected access for testability.
+  int DoSomethingReturningInt();
+  ...
+};
+
+// in the your_class_test.cc file:
+class TestableYourClass : public YourClass {
+  ...
+ public: using YourClass::DoSomethingReturningInt; // changes access rights
+  ...
+};
+
+TEST_F(YourClassTest, DoSomethingTest) {
+  TestableYourClass obj;
+  assertEquals(expected_value, obj.DoSomethingReturningInt());
+}
+```
+
+## How do I test private class static members without writing FRIEND\_TEST()s? ##
+
+We find private static methods clutter the header file.  They are
+implementation details and ideally should be kept out of a .h. So often I make
+them free functions instead.
+
+Instead of:
+```
+// foo.h
+class Foo {
+  ...
+ private:
+  static bool Func(int n);
+};
+
+// foo.cc
+bool Foo::Func(int n) { ... }
+
+// foo_test.cc
+EXPECT_TRUE(Foo::Func(12345));
+```
+
+You probably should better write:
+```
+// foo.h
+class Foo {
+  ...
+};
+
+// foo.cc
+namespace internal {
+  bool Func(int n) { ... }
+}
+
+// foo_test.cc
+namespace internal {
+  bool Func(int n);
+}
+
+EXPECT_TRUE(internal::Func(12345));
+```
+
+## I would like to run a test several times with different parameters. Do I need to write several similar copies of it? ##
+
+No. You can use a feature called [value-parameterized tests](V1_7_AdvancedGuide.md#Value_Parameterized_Tests) which
+lets you repeat your tests with different parameters, without defining it more than once.
+
+## How do I test a file that defines main()? ##
+
+To test a `foo.cc` file, you need to compile and link it into your unit test
+program. However, when the file contains a definition for the `main()`
+function, it will clash with the `main()` of your unit test, and will result in
+a build error.
+
+The right solution is to split it into three files:
+  1. `foo.h` which contains the declarations,
+  1. `foo.cc` which contains the definitions except `main()`, and
+  1. `foo_main.cc` which contains nothing but the definition of `main()`.
+
+Then `foo.cc` can be easily tested.
+
+If you are adding tests to an existing file and don't want an intrusive change
+like this, there is a hack: just include the entire `foo.cc` file in your unit
+test. For example:
+```
+// File foo_unittest.cc
+
+// The headers section
+...
+
+// Renames main() in foo.cc to make room for the unit test main()
+#define main FooMain
+
+#include "a/b/foo.cc"
+
+// The tests start here.
+...
+```
+
+
+However, please remember this is a hack and should only be used as the last
+resort.
+
+## What can the statement argument in ASSERT\_DEATH() be? ##
+
+`ASSERT_DEATH(_statement_, _regex_)` (or any death assertion macro) can be used
+wherever `_statement_` is valid. So basically `_statement_` can be any C++
+statement that makes sense in the current context. In particular, it can
+reference global and/or local variables, and can be:
+  * a simple function call (often the case),
+  * a complex expression, or
+  * a compound statement.
+
+> Some examples are shown here:
+
+```
+// A death test can be a simple function call.
+TEST(MyDeathTest, FunctionCall) {
+  ASSERT_DEATH(Xyz(5), "Xyz failed");
+}
+
+// Or a complex expression that references variables and functions.
+TEST(MyDeathTest, ComplexExpression) {
+  const bool c = Condition();
+  ASSERT_DEATH((c ? Func1(0) : object2.Method("test")),
+               "(Func1|Method) failed");
+}
+
+// Death assertions can be used any where in a function. In
+// particular, they can be inside a loop.
+TEST(MyDeathTest, InsideLoop) {
+  // Verifies that Foo(0), Foo(1), ..., and Foo(4) all die.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+    EXPECT_DEATH_M(Foo(i), "Foo has \\d+ errors",
+                   ::testing::Message() << "where i is " << i);
+  }
+}
+
+// A death assertion can contain a compound statement.
+TEST(MyDeathTest, CompoundStatement) {
+  // Verifies that at lease one of Bar(0), Bar(1), ..., and
+  // Bar(4) dies.
+  ASSERT_DEATH({
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+      Bar(i);
+    }
+  },
+  "Bar has \\d+ errors");}
+```
+
+`googletest_unittest.cc` contains more examples if you are interested.
+
+## What syntax does the regular expression in ASSERT\_DEATH use? ##
+
+On POSIX systems, Google Test uses the POSIX Extended regular
+expression syntax
+(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression#POSIX_Extended_Regular_Expressions).
+On Windows, it uses a limited variant of regular expression
+syntax. For more details, see the
+[regular expression syntax](V1_7_AdvancedGuide.md#Regular_Expression_Syntax).
+
+## I have a fixture class Foo, but TEST\_F(Foo, Bar) gives me error "no matching function for call to Foo::Foo()". Why? ##
+
+Google Test needs to be able to create objects of your test fixture class, so
+it must have a default constructor. Normally the compiler will define one for
+you. However, there are cases where you have to define your own:
+  * If you explicitly declare a non-default constructor for class `Foo`, then you need to define a default constructor, even if it would be empty.
+  * If `Foo` has a const non-static data member, then you have to define the default constructor _and_ initialize the const member in the initializer list of the constructor. (Early versions of `gcc` doesn't force you to initialize the const member. It's a bug that has been fixed in `gcc 4`.)
+
+## Why does ASSERT\_DEATH complain about previous threads that were already joined? ##
+
+With the Linux pthread library, there is no turning back once you cross the
+line from single thread to multiple threads. The first time you create a
+thread, a manager thread is created in addition, so you get 3, not 2, threads.
+Later when the thread you create joins the main thread, the thread count
+decrements by 1, but the manager thread will never be killed, so you still have
+2 threads, which means you cannot safely run a death test.
+
+The new NPTL thread library doesn't suffer from this problem, as it doesn't
+create a manager thread. However, if you don't control which machine your test
+runs on, you shouldn't depend on this.
+
+## Why does Google Test require the entire test case, instead of individual tests, to be named FOODeathTest when it uses ASSERT\_DEATH? ##
+
+Google Test does not interleave tests from different test cases. That is, it
+runs all tests in one test case first, and then runs all tests in the next test
+case, and so on. Google Test does this because it needs to set up a test case
+before the first test in it is run, and tear it down afterwords. Splitting up
+the test case would require multiple set-up and tear-down processes, which is
+inefficient and makes the semantics unclean.
+
+If we were to determine the order of tests based on test name instead of test
+case name, then we would have a problem with the following situation:
+
+```
+TEST_F(FooTest, AbcDeathTest) { ... }
+TEST_F(FooTest, Uvw) { ... }
+
+TEST_F(BarTest, DefDeathTest) { ... }
+TEST_F(BarTest, Xyz) { ... }
+```
+
+Since `FooTest.AbcDeathTest` needs to run before `BarTest.Xyz`, and we don't
+interleave tests from different test cases, we need to run all tests in the
+`FooTest` case before running any test in the `BarTest` case. This contradicts
+with the requirement to run `BarTest.DefDeathTest` before `FooTest.Uvw`.
+
+## But I don't like calling my entire test case FOODeathTest when it contains both death tests and non-death tests. What do I do? ##
+
+You don't have to, but if you like, you may split up the test case into
+`FooTest` and `FooDeathTest`, where the names make it clear that they are
+related:
+
+```
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test { ... };
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Abc) { ... }
+TEST_F(FooTest, Def) { ... }
+
+typedef FooTest FooDeathTest;
+
+TEST_F(FooDeathTest, Uvw) { ... EXPECT_DEATH(...) ... }
+TEST_F(FooDeathTest, Xyz) { ... ASSERT_DEATH(...) ... }
+```
+
+## The compiler complains about "no match for 'operator<<'" when I use an assertion. What gives? ##
+
+If you use a user-defined type `FooType` in an assertion, you must make sure
+there is an `std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const FooType&)` function
+defined such that we can print a value of `FooType`.
+
+In addition, if `FooType` is declared in a name space, the `<<` operator also
+needs to be defined in the _same_ name space.
+
+## How do I suppress the memory leak messages on Windows? ##
+
+Since the statically initialized Google Test singleton requires allocations on
+the heap, the Visual C++ memory leak detector will report memory leaks at the
+end of the program run. The easiest way to avoid this is to use the
+`_CrtMemCheckpoint` and `_CrtMemDumpAllObjectsSince` calls to not report any
+statically initialized heap objects. See MSDN for more details and additional
+heap check/debug routines.
+
+## I am building my project with Google Test in Visual Studio and all I'm getting is a bunch of linker errors (or warnings). Help! ##
+
+You may get a number of the following linker error or warnings if you
+attempt to link your test project with the Google Test library when
+your project and the are not built using the same compiler settings.
+
+  * LNK2005: symbol already defined in object
+  * LNK4217: locally defined symbol 'symbol' imported in function 'function'
+  * LNK4049: locally defined symbol 'symbol' imported
+
+The Google Test project (gtest.vcproj) has the Runtime Library option
+set to /MT (use multi-threaded static libraries, /MTd for debug). If
+your project uses something else, for example /MD (use multi-threaded
+DLLs, /MDd for debug), you need to change the setting in the Google
+Test project to match your project's.
+
+To update this setting open the project properties in the Visual
+Studio IDE then select the branch Configuration Properties | C/C++ |
+Code Generation and change the option "Runtime Library".  You may also try
+using gtest-md.vcproj instead of gtest.vcproj.
+
+## I put my tests in a library and Google Test doesn't run them. What's happening? ##
+Have you read a
+[warning](V1_7_Primer.md#important-note-for-visual-c-users) on
+the Google Test Primer page?
+
+## I want to use Google Test with Visual Studio but don't know where to start. ##
+Many people are in your position and one of the posted his solution to
+our mailing list. Here is his link:
+http://hassanjamilahmad.blogspot.com/2009/07/gtest-starters-help.html.
+
+## I am seeing compile errors mentioning std::type\_traits when I try to use Google Test on Solaris. ##
+Google Test uses parts of the standard C++ library that SunStudio does not support.
+Our users reported success using alternative implementations. Try running the build after runing this commad:
+
+`export CC=cc CXX=CC CXXFLAGS='-library=stlport4'`
+
+## How can my code detect if it is running in a test? ##
+
+If you write code that sniffs whether it's running in a test and does
+different things accordingly, you are leaking test-only logic into
+production code and there is no easy way to ensure that the test-only
+code paths aren't run by mistake in production.  Such cleverness also
+leads to
+[Heisenbugs](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unusual_software_bug#Heisenbug).
+Therefore we strongly advise against the practice, and Google Test doesn't
+provide a way to do it.
+
+In general, the recommended way to cause the code to behave
+differently under test is [dependency injection](http://jamesshore.com/Blog/Dependency-Injection-Demystified.html).
+You can inject different functionality from the test and from the
+production code.  Since your production code doesn't link in the
+for-test logic at all, there is no danger in accidentally running it.
+
+However, if you _really_, _really_, _really_ have no choice, and if
+you follow the rule of ending your test program names with `_test`,
+you can use the _horrible_ hack of sniffing your executable name
+(`argv[0]` in `main()`) to know whether the code is under test.
+
+## Google Test defines a macro that clashes with one defined by another library. How do I deal with that? ##
+
+In C++, macros don't obey namespaces.  Therefore two libraries that
+both define a macro of the same name will clash if you `#include` both
+definitions.  In case a Google Test macro clashes with another
+library, you can force Google Test to rename its macro to avoid the
+conflict.
+
+Specifically, if both Google Test and some other code define macro
+`FOO`, you can add
+```
+  -DGTEST_DONT_DEFINE_FOO=1
+```
+to the compiler flags to tell Google Test to change the macro's name
+from `FOO` to `GTEST_FOO`. For example, with `-DGTEST_DONT_DEFINE_TEST=1`, you'll need to write
+```
+  GTEST_TEST(SomeTest, DoesThis) { ... }
+```
+instead of
+```
+  TEST(SomeTest, DoesThis) { ... }
+```
+in order to define a test.
+
+Currently, the following `TEST`, `FAIL`, `SUCCEED`, and the basic comparison assertion macros can have alternative names. You can see the full list of covered macros [here](http://www.google.com/codesearch?q=if+!GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_\w%2B+package:http://googletest\.googlecode\.com+file:/include/gtest/gtest.h). More information can be found in the "Avoiding Macro Name Clashes" section of the README file.
+
+
+## Is it OK if I have two separate `TEST(Foo, Bar)` test methods defined in different namespaces? ##
+
+Yes.
+
+The rule is **all test methods in the same test case must use the same fixture class**. This means that the following is **allowed** because both tests use the same fixture class (`::testing::Test`).
+
+```
+namespace foo {
+TEST(CoolTest, DoSomething) {
+  SUCCEED();
+}
+}  // namespace foo
+
+namespace bar {
+TEST(CoolTest, DoSomething) {
+  SUCCEED();
+}
+}  // namespace foo
+```
+
+However, the following code is **not allowed** and will produce a runtime error from Google Test because the test methods are using different test fixture classes with the same test case name.
+
+```
+namespace foo {
+class CoolTest : public ::testing::Test {};  // Fixture foo::CoolTest
+TEST_F(CoolTest, DoSomething) {
+  SUCCEED();
+}
+}  // namespace foo
+
+namespace bar {
+class CoolTest : public ::testing::Test {};  // Fixture: bar::CoolTest
+TEST_F(CoolTest, DoSomething) {
+  SUCCEED();
+}
+}  // namespace foo
+```
+
+## How do I build Google Testing Framework with Xcode 4? ##
+
+If you try to build Google Test's Xcode project with Xcode 4.0 or later, you may encounter an error message that looks like
+"Missing SDK in target gtest\_framework: /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk". That means that Xcode does not support the SDK the project is targeting. See the Xcode section in the [README](../../README.MD) file on how to resolve this.
+
+## My question is not covered in your FAQ! ##
+
+If you cannot find the answer to your question in this FAQ, there are
+some other resources you can use:
+
+  1. read other [wiki pages](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/w/list),
+  1. search the mailing list [archive](http://groups.google.com/group/googletestframework/topics),
+  1. ask it on [googletestframework@googlegroups.com](mailto:googletestframework@googlegroups.com) and someone will answer it (to prevent spam, we require you to join the [discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googletestframework) before you can post.).
+
+Please note that creating an issue in the
+[issue tracker](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/issues/list) is _not_
+a good way to get your answer, as it is monitored infrequently by a
+very small number of people.
+
+When asking a question, it's helpful to provide as much of the
+following information as possible (people cannot help you if there's
+not enough information in your question):
+
+  * the version (or the revision number if you check out from SVN directly) of Google Test you use (Google Test is under active development, so it's possible that your problem has been solved in a later version),
+  * your operating system,
+  * the name and version of your compiler,
+  * the complete command line flags you give to your compiler,
+  * the complete compiler error messages (if the question is about compilation),
+  * the _actual_ code (ideally, a minimal but complete program) that has the problem you encounter.
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_7_Primer.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_7_Primer.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b1827c735581
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_7_Primer.md
@@ -0,0 +1,501 @@
+
+
+# Introduction: Why Google C++ Testing Framework? #
+
+_Google C++ Testing Framework_ helps you write better C++ tests.
+
+No matter whether you work on Linux, Windows, or a Mac, if you write C++ code,
+Google Test can help you.
+
+So what makes a good test, and how does Google C++ Testing Framework fit in? We believe:
+  1. Tests should be _independent_ and _repeatable_. It's a pain to debug a test that succeeds or fails as a result of other tests.  Google C++ Testing Framework isolates the tests by running each of them on a different object. When a test fails, Google C++ Testing Framework allows you to run it in isolation for quick debugging.
+  1. Tests should be well _organized_ and reflect the structure of the tested code.  Google C++ Testing Framework groups related tests into test cases that can share data and subroutines. This common pattern is easy to recognize and makes tests easy to maintain. Such consistency is especially helpful when people switch projects and start to work on a new code base.
+  1. Tests should be _portable_ and _reusable_. The open-source community has a lot of code that is platform-neutral, its tests should also be platform-neutral.  Google C++ Testing Framework works on different OSes, with different compilers (gcc, MSVC, and others), with or without exceptions, so Google C++ Testing Framework tests can easily work with a variety of configurations.  (Note that the current release only contains build scripts for Linux - we are actively working on scripts for other platforms.)
+  1. When tests fail, they should provide as much _information_ about the problem as possible. Google C++ Testing Framework doesn't stop at the first test failure. Instead, it only stops the current test and continues with the next. You can also set up tests that report non-fatal failures after which the current test continues. Thus, you can detect and fix multiple bugs in a single run-edit-compile cycle.
+  1. The testing framework should liberate test writers from housekeeping chores and let them focus on the test _content_.  Google C++ Testing Framework automatically keeps track of all tests defined, and doesn't require the user to enumerate them in order to run them.
+  1. Tests should be _fast_. With Google C++ Testing Framework, you can reuse shared resources across tests and pay for the set-up/tear-down only once, without making tests depend on each other.
+
+Since Google C++ Testing Framework is based on the popular xUnit
+architecture, you'll feel right at home if you've used JUnit or PyUnit before.
+If not, it will take you about 10 minutes to learn the basics and get started.
+So let's go!
+
+_Note:_ We sometimes refer to Google C++ Testing Framework informally
+as _Google Test_.
+
+# Setting up a New Test Project #
+
+To write a test program using Google Test, you need to compile Google
+Test into a library and link your test with it.  We provide build
+files for some popular build systems: `msvc/` for Visual Studio,
+`xcode/` for Mac Xcode, `make/` for GNU make, `codegear/` for Borland
+C++ Builder, and the autotools script (deprecated) and
+`CMakeLists.txt` for CMake (recommended) in the Google Test root
+directory.  If your build system is not on this list, you can take a
+look at `make/Makefile` to learn how Google Test should be compiled
+(basically you want to compile `src/gtest-all.cc` with `GTEST_ROOT`
+and `GTEST_ROOT/include` in the header search path, where `GTEST_ROOT`
+is the Google Test root directory).
+
+Once you are able to compile the Google Test library, you should
+create a project or build target for your test program.  Make sure you
+have `GTEST_ROOT/include` in the header search path so that the
+compiler can find `"gtest/gtest.h"` when compiling your test.  Set up
+your test project to link with the Google Test library (for example,
+in Visual Studio, this is done by adding a dependency on
+`gtest.vcproj`).
+
+If you still have questions, take a look at how Google Test's own
+tests are built and use them as examples.
+
+# Basic Concepts #
+
+When using Google Test, you start by writing _assertions_, which are statements
+that check whether a condition is true. An assertion's result can be _success_,
+_nonfatal failure_, or _fatal failure_. If a fatal failure occurs, it aborts
+the current function; otherwise the program continues normally.
+
+_Tests_ use assertions to verify the tested code's behavior. If a test crashes
+or has a failed assertion, then it _fails_; otherwise it _succeeds_.
+
+A _test case_ contains one or many tests. You should group your tests into test
+cases that reflect the structure of the tested code. When multiple tests in a
+test case need to share common objects and subroutines, you can put them into a
+_test fixture_ class.
+
+A _test program_ can contain multiple test cases.
+
+We'll now explain how to write a test program, starting at the individual
+assertion level and building up to tests and test cases.
+
+# Assertions #
+
+Google Test assertions are macros that resemble function calls. You test a
+class or function by making assertions about its behavior. When an assertion
+fails, Google Test prints the assertion's source file and line number location,
+along with a failure message. You may also supply a custom failure message
+which will be appended to Google Test's message.
+
+The assertions come in pairs that test the same thing but have different
+effects on the current function. `ASSERT_*` versions generate fatal failures
+when they fail, and **abort the current function**. `EXPECT_*` versions generate
+nonfatal failures, which don't abort the current function. Usually `EXPECT_*`
+are preferred, as they allow more than one failures to be reported in a test.
+However, you should use `ASSERT_*` if it doesn't make sense to continue when
+the assertion in question fails.
+
+Since a failed `ASSERT_*` returns from the current function immediately,
+possibly skipping clean-up code that comes after it, it may cause a space leak.
+Depending on the nature of the leak, it may or may not be worth fixing - so
+keep this in mind if you get a heap checker error in addition to assertion
+errors.
+
+To provide a custom failure message, simply stream it into the macro using the
+`<<` operator, or a sequence of such operators. An example:
+```
+ASSERT_EQ(x.size(), y.size()) << "Vectors x and y are of unequal length";
+
+for (int i = 0; i < x.size(); ++i) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(x[i], y[i]) << "Vectors x and y differ at index " << i;
+}
+```
+
+Anything that can be streamed to an `ostream` can be streamed to an assertion
+macro--in particular, C strings and `string` objects. If a wide string
+(`wchar_t*`, `TCHAR*` in `UNICODE` mode on Windows, or `std::wstring`) is
+streamed to an assertion, it will be translated to UTF-8 when printed.
+
+## Basic Assertions ##
+
+These assertions do basic true/false condition testing.
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_TRUE(`_condition_`)`;  | `EXPECT_TRUE(`_condition_`)`;   | _condition_ is true |
+| `ASSERT_FALSE(`_condition_`)`; | `EXPECT_FALSE(`_condition_`)`;  | _condition_ is false |
+
+Remember, when they fail, `ASSERT_*` yields a fatal failure and
+returns from the current function, while `EXPECT_*` yields a nonfatal
+failure, allowing the function to continue running. In either case, an
+assertion failure means its containing test fails.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## Binary Comparison ##
+
+This section describes assertions that compare two values.
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+|`ASSERT_EQ(`_expected_`, `_actual_`);`|`EXPECT_EQ(`_expected_`, `_actual_`);`| _expected_ `==` _actual_ |
+|`ASSERT_NE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      |`EXPECT_NE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      | _val1_ `!=` _val2_ |
+|`ASSERT_LT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      |`EXPECT_LT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      | _val1_ `<` _val2_ |
+|`ASSERT_LE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      |`EXPECT_LE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      | _val1_ `<=` _val2_ |
+|`ASSERT_GT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      |`EXPECT_GT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      | _val1_ `>` _val2_ |
+|`ASSERT_GE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      |`EXPECT_GE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`      | _val1_ `>=` _val2_ |
+
+In the event of a failure, Google Test prints both _val1_ and _val2_
+. In `ASSERT_EQ*` and `EXPECT_EQ*` (and all other equality assertions
+we'll introduce later), you should put the expression you want to test
+in the position of _actual_, and put its expected value in _expected_,
+as Google Test's failure messages are optimized for this convention.
+
+Value arguments must be comparable by the assertion's comparison
+operator or you'll get a compiler error.  We used to require the
+arguments to support the `<<` operator for streaming to an `ostream`,
+but it's no longer necessary since v1.6.0 (if `<<` is supported, it
+will be called to print the arguments when the assertion fails;
+otherwise Google Test will attempt to print them in the best way it
+can. For more details and how to customize the printing of the
+arguments, see this Google Mock [recipe](../../googlemock/docs/CookBook.md#teaching-google-mock-how-to-print-your-values).).
+
+These assertions can work with a user-defined type, but only if you define the
+corresponding comparison operator (e.g. `==`, `<`, etc).  If the corresponding
+operator is defined, prefer using the `ASSERT_*()` macros because they will
+print out not only the result of the comparison, but the two operands as well.
+
+Arguments are always evaluated exactly once. Therefore, it's OK for the
+arguments to have side effects. However, as with any ordinary C/C++ function,
+the arguments' evaluation order is undefined (i.e. the compiler is free to
+choose any order) and your code should not depend on any particular argument
+evaluation order.
+
+`ASSERT_EQ()` does pointer equality on pointers. If used on two C strings, it
+tests if they are in the same memory location, not if they have the same value.
+Therefore, if you want to compare C strings (e.g. `const char*`) by value, use
+`ASSERT_STREQ()` , which will be described later on. In particular, to assert
+that a C string is `NULL`, use `ASSERT_STREQ(NULL, c_string)` . However, to
+compare two `string` objects, you should use `ASSERT_EQ`.
+
+Macros in this section work with both narrow and wide string objects (`string`
+and `wstring`).
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+## String Comparison ##
+
+The assertions in this group compare two **C strings**. If you want to compare
+two `string` objects, use `EXPECT_EQ`, `EXPECT_NE`, and etc instead.
+
+| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
+|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
+| `ASSERT_STREQ(`_expected\_str_`, `_actual\_str_`);`    | `EXPECT_STREQ(`_expected\_str_`, `_actual\_str_`);`     | the two C strings have the same content |
+| `ASSERT_STRNE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);`    | `EXPECT_STRNE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);`     | the two C strings have different content |
+| `ASSERT_STRCASEEQ(`_expected\_str_`, `_actual\_str_`);`| `EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(`_expected\_str_`, `_actual\_str_`);` | the two C strings have the same content, ignoring case |
+| `ASSERT_STRCASENE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);`| `EXPECT_STRCASENE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);` | the two C strings have different content, ignoring case |
+
+Note that "CASE" in an assertion name means that case is ignored.
+
+`*STREQ*` and `*STRNE*` also accept wide C strings (`wchar_t*`). If a
+comparison of two wide strings fails, their values will be printed as UTF-8
+narrow strings.
+
+A `NULL` pointer and an empty string are considered _different_.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+See also: For more string comparison tricks (substring, prefix, suffix, and
+regular expression matching, for example), see the [Advanced Google Test Guide](V1_7_AdvancedGuide.md).
+
+# Simple Tests #
+
+To create a test:
+  1. Use the `TEST()` macro to define and name a test function, These are ordinary C++ functions that don't return a value.
+  1. In this function, along with any valid C++ statements you want to include, use the various Google Test assertions to check values.
+  1. The test's result is determined by the assertions; if any assertion in the test fails (either fatally or non-fatally), or if the test crashes, the entire test fails. Otherwise, it succeeds.
+
+```
+TEST(test_case_name, test_name) {
+ ... test body ...
+}
+```
+
+
+`TEST()` arguments go from general to specific. The _first_ argument is the
+name of the test case, and the _second_ argument is the test's name within the
+test case. Both names must be valid C++ identifiers, and they should not contain underscore (`_`). A test's _full name_ consists of its containing test case and its
+individual name. Tests from different test cases can have the same individual
+name.
+
+For example, let's take a simple integer function:
+```
+int Factorial(int n); // Returns the factorial of n
+```
+
+A test case for this function might look like:
+```
+// Tests factorial of 0.
+TEST(FactorialTest, HandlesZeroInput) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(0));
+}
+
+// Tests factorial of positive numbers.
+TEST(FactorialTest, HandlesPositiveInput) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, Factorial(2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(6, Factorial(3));
+  EXPECT_EQ(40320, Factorial(8));
+}
+```
+
+Google Test groups the test results by test cases, so logically-related tests
+should be in the same test case; in other words, the first argument to their
+`TEST()` should be the same. In the above example, we have two tests,
+`HandlesZeroInput` and `HandlesPositiveInput`, that belong to the same test
+case `FactorialTest`.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+# Test Fixtures: Using the Same Data Configuration for Multiple Tests #
+
+If you find yourself writing two or more tests that operate on similar data,
+you can use a _test fixture_. It allows you to reuse the same configuration of
+objects for several different tests.
+
+To create a fixture, just:
+  1. Derive a class from `::testing::Test` . Start its body with `protected:` or `public:` as we'll want to access fixture members from sub-classes.
+  1. Inside the class, declare any objects you plan to use.
+  1. If necessary, write a default constructor or `SetUp()` function to prepare the objects for each test. A common mistake is to spell `SetUp()` as `Setup()` with a small `u` - don't let that happen to you.
+  1. If necessary, write a destructor or `TearDown()` function to release any resources you allocated in `SetUp()` . To learn when you should use the constructor/destructor and when you should use `SetUp()/TearDown()`, read this [FAQ entry](V1_7_FAQ.md#should-i-use-the-constructordestructor-of-the-test-fixture-or-the-set-uptear-down-function).
+  1. If needed, define subroutines for your tests to share.
+
+When using a fixture, use `TEST_F()` instead of `TEST()` as it allows you to
+access objects and subroutines in the test fixture:
+```
+TEST_F(test_case_name, test_name) {
+ ... test body ...
+}
+```
+
+Like `TEST()`, the first argument is the test case name, but for `TEST_F()`
+this must be the name of the test fixture class. You've probably guessed: `_F`
+is for fixture.
+
+Unfortunately, the C++ macro system does not allow us to create a single macro
+that can handle both types of tests. Using the wrong macro causes a compiler
+error.
+
+Also, you must first define a test fixture class before using it in a
+`TEST_F()`, or you'll get the compiler error "`virtual outside class
+declaration`".
+
+For each test defined with `TEST_F()`, Google Test will:
+  1. Create a _fresh_ test fixture at runtime
+  1. Immediately initialize it via `SetUp()` ,
+  1. Run the test
+  1. Clean up by calling `TearDown()`
+  1. Delete the test fixture.  Note that different tests in the same test case have different test fixture objects, and Google Test always deletes a test fixture before it creates the next one. Google Test does not reuse the same test fixture for multiple tests. Any changes one test makes to the fixture do not affect other tests.
+
+As an example, let's write tests for a FIFO queue class named `Queue`, which
+has the following interface:
+```
+template <typename E> // E is the element type.
+class Queue {
+ public:
+  Queue();
+  void Enqueue(const E& element);
+  E* Dequeue(); // Returns NULL if the queue is empty.
+  size_t size() const;
+  ...
+};
+```
+
+First, define a fixture class. By convention, you should give it the name
+`FooTest` where `Foo` is the class being tested.
+```
+class QueueTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    q1_.Enqueue(1);
+    q2_.Enqueue(2);
+    q2_.Enqueue(3);
+  }
+
+  // virtual void TearDown() {}
+
+  Queue<int> q0_;
+  Queue<int> q1_;
+  Queue<int> q2_;
+};
+```
+
+In this case, `TearDown()` is not needed since we don't have to clean up after
+each test, other than what's already done by the destructor.
+
+Now we'll write tests using `TEST_F()` and this fixture.
+```
+TEST_F(QueueTest, IsEmptyInitially) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, q0_.size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(QueueTest, DequeueWorks) {
+  int* n = q0_.Dequeue();
+  EXPECT_EQ(NULL, n);
+
+  n = q1_.Dequeue();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, *n);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, q1_.size());
+  delete n;
+
+  n = q2_.Dequeue();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, *n);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, q2_.size());
+  delete n;
+}
+```
+
+The above uses both `ASSERT_*` and `EXPECT_*` assertions. The rule of thumb is
+to use `EXPECT_*` when you want the test to continue to reveal more errors
+after the assertion failure, and use `ASSERT_*` when continuing after failure
+doesn't make sense. For example, the second assertion in the `Dequeue` test is
+`ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL)`, as we need to dereference the pointer `n` later,
+which would lead to a segfault when `n` is `NULL`.
+
+When these tests run, the following happens:
+  1. Google Test constructs a `QueueTest` object (let's call it `t1` ).
+  1. `t1.SetUp()` initializes `t1` .
+  1. The first test ( `IsEmptyInitially` ) runs on `t1` .
+  1. `t1.TearDown()` cleans up after the test finishes.
+  1. `t1` is destructed.
+  1. The above steps are repeated on another `QueueTest` object, this time running the `DequeueWorks` test.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+_Note_: Google Test automatically saves all _Google Test_ flags when a test
+object is constructed, and restores them when it is destructed.
+
+# Invoking the Tests #
+
+`TEST()` and `TEST_F()` implicitly register their tests with Google Test. So, unlike with many other C++ testing frameworks, you don't have to re-list all your defined tests in order to run them.
+
+After defining your tests, you can run them with `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` , which returns `0` if all the tests are successful, or `1` otherwise. Note that `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` runs _all tests_ in your link unit -- they can be from different test cases, or even different source files.
+
+When invoked, the `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` macro:
+  1. Saves the state of all  Google Test flags.
+  1. Creates a test fixture object for the first test.
+  1. Initializes it via `SetUp()`.
+  1. Runs the test on the fixture object.
+  1. Cleans up the fixture via `TearDown()`.
+  1. Deletes the fixture.
+  1. Restores the state of all Google Test flags.
+  1. Repeats the above steps for the next test, until all tests have run.
+
+In addition, if the text fixture's constructor generates a fatal failure in
+step 2, there is no point for step 3 - 5 and they are thus skipped. Similarly,
+if step 3 generates a fatal failure, step 4 will be skipped.
+
+_Important_: You must not ignore the return value of `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`, or `gcc`
+will give you a compiler error. The rationale for this design is that the
+automated testing service determines whether a test has passed based on its
+exit code, not on its stdout/stderr output; thus your `main()` function must
+return the value of `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`.
+
+Also, you should call `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` only **once**. Calling it more than once
+conflicts with some advanced Google Test features (e.g. thread-safe death
+tests) and thus is not supported.
+
+_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
+
+# Writing the main() Function #
+
+You can start from this boilerplate:
+```
+#include "this/package/foo.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace {
+
+// The fixture for testing class Foo.
+class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  // You can remove any or all of the following functions if its body
+  // is empty.
+
+  FooTest() {
+    // You can do set-up work for each test here.
+  }
+
+  virtual ~FooTest() {
+    // You can do clean-up work that doesn't throw exceptions here.
+  }
+
+  // If the constructor and destructor are not enough for setting up
+  // and cleaning up each test, you can define the following methods:
+
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    // Code here will be called immediately after the constructor (right
+    // before each test).
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    // Code here will be called immediately after each test (right
+    // before the destructor).
+  }
+
+  // Objects declared here can be used by all tests in the test case for Foo.
+};
+
+// Tests that the Foo::Bar() method does Abc.
+TEST_F(FooTest, MethodBarDoesAbc) {
+  const string input_filepath = "this/package/testdata/myinputfile.dat";
+  const string output_filepath = "this/package/testdata/myoutputfile.dat";
+  Foo f;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, f.Bar(input_filepath, output_filepath));
+}
+
+// Tests that Foo does Xyz.
+TEST_F(FooTest, DoesXyz) {
+  // Exercises the Xyz feature of Foo.
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
+```
+
+The `::testing::InitGoogleTest()` function parses the command line for Google
+Test flags, and removes all recognized flags. This allows the user to control a
+test program's behavior via various flags, which we'll cover in [AdvancedGuide](V1_7_AdvancedGuide.md).
+You must call this function before calling `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`, or the flags
+won't be properly initialized.
+
+On Windows, `InitGoogleTest()` also works with wide strings, so it can be used
+in programs compiled in `UNICODE` mode as well.
+
+But maybe you think that writing all those main() functions is too much work? We agree with you completely and that's why Google Test provides a basic implementation of main(). If it fits your needs, then just link your test with gtest\_main library and you are good to go.
+
+## Important note for Visual C++ users ##
+If you put your tests into a library and your `main()` function is in a different library or in your .exe file, those tests will not run. The reason is a [bug](https://connect.microsoft.com/feedback/viewfeedback.aspx?FeedbackID=244410&siteid=210) in Visual C++. When you define your tests, Google Test creates certain static objects to register them. These objects are not referenced from elsewhere but their constructors are still supposed to run. When Visual C++ linker sees that nothing in the library is referenced from other places it throws the library out. You have to reference your library with tests from your main program to keep the linker from discarding it. Here is how to do it. Somewhere in your library code declare a function:
+```
+__declspec(dllexport) int PullInMyLibrary() { return 0; }
+```
+If you put your tests in a static library (not DLL) then `__declspec(dllexport)` is not required. Now, in your main program, write a code that invokes that function:
+```
+int PullInMyLibrary();
+static int dummy = PullInMyLibrary();
+```
+This will keep your tests referenced and will make them register themselves at startup.
+
+In addition, if you define your tests in a static library, add `/OPT:NOREF` to your main program linker options. If you use MSVC++ IDE, go to your .exe project properties/Configuration Properties/Linker/Optimization and set References setting to `Keep Unreferenced Data (/OPT:NOREF)`. This will keep Visual C++ linker from discarding individual symbols generated by your tests from the final executable.
+
+There is one more pitfall, though. If you use Google Test as a static library (that's how it is defined in gtest.vcproj) your tests must also reside in a static library. If you have to have them in a DLL, you _must_ change Google Test to build into a DLL as well. Otherwise your tests will not run correctly or will not run at all. The general conclusion here is: make your life easier - do not write your tests in libraries!
+
+# Where to Go from Here #
+
+Congratulations! You've learned the Google Test basics. You can start writing
+and running Google Test tests, read some [samples](V1_7_Samples.md), or continue with
+[AdvancedGuide](V1_7_AdvancedGuide.md), which describes many more useful Google Test features.
+
+# Known Limitations #
+
+Google Test is designed to be thread-safe.  The implementation is
+thread-safe on systems where the `pthreads` library is available.  It
+is currently _unsafe_ to use Google Test assertions from two threads
+concurrently on other systems (e.g. Windows).  In most tests this is
+not an issue as usually the assertions are done in the main thread. If
+you want to help, you can volunteer to implement the necessary
+synchronization primitives in `gtest-port.h` for your platform.
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_7_PumpManual.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_7_PumpManual.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8184f153ca2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_7_PumpManual.md
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+
+
+<b>P</b>ump is <b>U</b>seful for <b>M</b>eta <b>P</b>rogramming.
+
+# The Problem #
+
+Template and macro libraries often need to define many classes,
+functions, or macros that vary only (or almost only) in the number of
+arguments they take. It's a lot of repetitive, mechanical, and
+error-prone work.
+
+Variadic templates and variadic macros can alleviate the problem.
+However, while both are being considered by the C++ committee, neither
+is in the standard yet or widely supported by compilers.  Thus they
+are often not a good choice, especially when your code needs to be
+portable. And their capabilities are still limited.
+
+As a result, authors of such libraries often have to write scripts to
+generate their implementation. However, our experience is that it's
+tedious to write such scripts, which tend to reflect the structure of
+the generated code poorly and are often hard to read and edit. For
+example, a small change needed in the generated code may require some
+non-intuitive, non-trivial changes in the script. This is especially
+painful when experimenting with the code.
+
+# Our Solution #
+
+Pump (for Pump is Useful for Meta Programming, Pretty Useful for Meta
+Programming, or Practical Utility for Meta Programming, whichever you
+prefer) is a simple meta-programming tool for C++. The idea is that a
+programmer writes a `foo.pump` file which contains C++ code plus meta
+code that manipulates the C++ code. The meta code can handle
+iterations over a range, nested iterations, local meta variable
+definitions, simple arithmetic, and conditional expressions. You can
+view it as a small Domain-Specific Language. The meta language is
+designed to be non-intrusive (s.t. it won't confuse Emacs' C++ mode,
+for example) and concise, making Pump code intuitive and easy to
+maintain.
+
+## Highlights ##
+
+  * The implementation is in a single Python script and thus ultra portable: no build or installation is needed and it works cross platforms.
+  * Pump tries to be smart with respect to [Google's style guide](http://code.google.com/p/google-styleguide/): it breaks long lines (easy to have when they are generated) at acceptable places to fit within 80 columns and indent the continuation lines correctly.
+  * The format is human-readable and more concise than XML.
+  * The format works relatively well with Emacs' C++ mode.
+
+## Examples ##
+
+The following Pump code (where meta keywords start with `$`, `[[` and `]]` are meta brackets, and `$$` starts a meta comment that ends with the line):
+
+```
+$var n = 3     $$ Defines a meta variable n.
+$range i 0..n  $$ Declares the range of meta iterator i (inclusive).
+$for i [[
+               $$ Meta loop.
+// Foo$i does blah for $i-ary predicates.
+$range j 1..i
+template <size_t N $for j [[, typename A$j]]>
+class Foo$i {
+$if i == 0 [[
+  blah a;
+]] $elif i <= 2 [[
+  blah b;
+]] $else [[
+  blah c;
+]]
+};
+
+]]
+```
+
+will be translated by the Pump compiler to:
+
+```
+// Foo0 does blah for 0-ary predicates.
+template <size_t N>
+class Foo0 {
+  blah a;
+};
+
+// Foo1 does blah for 1-ary predicates.
+template <size_t N, typename A1>
+class Foo1 {
+  blah b;
+};
+
+// Foo2 does blah for 2-ary predicates.
+template <size_t N, typename A1, typename A2>
+class Foo2 {
+  blah b;
+};
+
+// Foo3 does blah for 3-ary predicates.
+template <size_t N, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3>
+class Foo3 {
+  blah c;
+};
+```
+
+In another example,
+
+```
+$range i 1..n
+Func($for i + [[a$i]]);
+$$ The text between i and [[ is the separator between iterations.
+```
+
+will generate one of the following lines (without the comments), depending on the value of `n`:
+
+```
+Func();              // If n is 0.
+Func(a1);            // If n is 1.
+Func(a1 + a2);       // If n is 2.
+Func(a1 + a2 + a3);  // If n is 3.
+// And so on...
+```
+
+## Constructs ##
+
+We support the following meta programming constructs:
+
+| `$var id = exp` | Defines a named constant value. `$id` is valid util the end of the current meta lexical block. |
+|:----------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `$range id exp..exp` | Sets the range of an iteration variable, which can be reused in multiple loops later.          |
+| `$for id sep [[ code ]]` | Iteration. The range of `id` must have been defined earlier. `$id` is valid in `code`.         |
+| `$($)`          | Generates a single `$` character.                                                              |
+| `$id`           | Value of the named constant or iteration variable.                                             |
+| `$(exp)`        | Value of the expression.                                                                       |
+| `$if exp [[ code ]] else_branch` | Conditional.                                                                                   |
+| `[[ code ]]`    | Meta lexical block.                                                                            |
+| `cpp_code`      | Raw C++ code.                                                                                  |
+| `$$ comment`    | Meta comment.                                                                                  |
+
+**Note:** To give the user some freedom in formatting the Pump source
+code, Pump ignores a new-line character if it's right after `$for foo`
+or next to `[[` or `]]`. Without this rule you'll often be forced to write
+very long lines to get the desired output. Therefore sometimes you may
+need to insert an extra new-line in such places for a new-line to show
+up in your output.
+
+## Grammar ##
+
+```
+code ::= atomic_code*
+atomic_code ::= $var id = exp
+    | $var id = [[ code ]]
+    | $range id exp..exp
+    | $for id sep [[ code ]]
+    | $($)
+    | $id
+    | $(exp)
+    | $if exp [[ code ]] else_branch
+    | [[ code ]]
+    | cpp_code
+sep ::= cpp_code | empty_string
+else_branch ::= $else [[ code ]]
+    | $elif exp [[ code ]] else_branch
+    | empty_string
+exp ::= simple_expression_in_Python_syntax
+```
+
+## Code ##
+
+You can find the source code of Pump in [scripts/pump.py](../scripts/pump.py). It is still
+very unpolished and lacks automated tests, although it has been
+successfully used many times. If you find a chance to use it in your
+project, please let us know what you think!  We also welcome help on
+improving Pump.
+
+## Real Examples ##
+
+You can find real-world applications of Pump in [Google Test](http://www.google.com/codesearch?q=file%3A\.pump%24+package%3Ahttp%3A%2F%2Fgoogletest\.googlecode\.com) and [Google Mock](http://www.google.com/codesearch?q=file%3A\.pump%24+package%3Ahttp%3A%2F%2Fgooglemock\.googlecode\.com).  The source file `foo.h.pump` generates `foo.h`.
+
+## Tips ##
+
+  * If a meta variable is followed by a letter or digit, you can separate them using `[[]]`, which inserts an empty string. For example `Foo$j[[]]Helper` generate `Foo1Helper` when `j` is 1.
+  * To avoid extra-long Pump source lines, you can break a line anywhere you want by inserting `[[]]` followed by a new line. Since any new-line character next to `[[` or `]]` is ignored, the generated code won't contain this new line.
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_7_Samples.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_7_Samples.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f21d20056735
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_7_Samples.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+If you're like us, you'd like to look at some Google Test sample code.  The
+[samples folder](../samples) has a number of well-commented samples showing how to use a
+variety of Google Test features.
+
+  * [Sample #1](../samples/sample1_unittest.cc) shows the basic steps of using Google Test to test C++ functions.
+  * [Sample #2](../samples/sample2_unittest.cc) shows a more complex unit test for a class with multiple member functions.
+  * [Sample #3](../samples/sample3_unittest.cc) uses a test fixture.
+  * [Sample #4](../samples/sample4_unittest.cc) is another basic example of using Google Test.
+  * [Sample #5](../samples/sample5_unittest.cc) teaches how to reuse a test fixture in multiple test cases by deriving sub-fixtures from it.
+  * [Sample #6](../samples/sample6_unittest.cc) demonstrates type-parameterized tests.
+  * [Sample #7](../samples/sample7_unittest.cc) teaches the basics of value-parameterized tests.
+  * [Sample #8](../samples/sample8_unittest.cc) shows using `Combine()` in value-parameterized tests.
+  * [Sample #9](../samples/sample9_unittest.cc) shows use of the listener API to modify Google Test's console output and the use of its reflection API to inspect test results.
+  * [Sample #10](../samples/sample10_unittest.cc) shows use of the listener API to implement a primitive memory leak checker.
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_7_XcodeGuide.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_7_XcodeGuide.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bf24bf51bfc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/V1_7_XcodeGuide.md
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+
+
+This guide will explain how to use the Google Testing Framework in your Xcode projects on Mac OS X. This tutorial begins by quickly explaining what to do for experienced users. After the quick start, the guide goes provides additional explanation about each step.
+
+# Quick Start #
+
+Here is the quick guide for using Google Test in your Xcode project.
+
+  1. Download the source from the [website](http://code.google.com/p/googletest) using this command: `svn checkout http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ googletest-read-only`
+  1. Open up the `gtest.xcodeproj` in the `googletest-read-only/xcode/` directory and build the gtest.framework.
+  1. Create a new "Shell Tool" target in your Xcode project called something like "UnitTests"
+  1. Add the gtest.framework to your project and add it to the "Link Binary with Libraries" build phase of "UnitTests"
+  1. Add your unit test source code to the "Compile Sources" build phase of "UnitTests"
+  1. Edit the "UnitTests" executable and add an environment variable named "DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH" with a value equal to the path to the framework containing the gtest.framework relative to the compiled executable.
+  1. Build and Go
+
+The following sections further explain each of the steps listed above in depth, describing in more detail how to complete it including some variations.
+
+# Get the Source #
+
+Currently, the gtest.framework discussed here isn't available in a tagged release of Google Test, it is only available in the trunk. As explained at the Google Test [site](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/source/checkout">svn), you can get the code from anonymous SVN with this command:
+
+```
+svn checkout http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ googletest-read-only
+```
+
+Alternatively, if you are working with Subversion in your own code base, you can add Google Test as an external dependency to your own Subversion repository. By following this approach, everyone that checks out your svn repository will also receive a copy of Google Test (a specific version, if you wish) without having to check it out explicitly. This makes the set up of your project simpler and reduces the copied code in the repository.
+
+To use `svn:externals`, decide where you would like to have the external source reside. You might choose to put the external source inside the trunk, because you want it to be part of the branch when you make a release. However, keeping it outside the trunk in a version-tagged directory called something like `third-party/googletest/1.0.1`, is another option. Once the location is established, use `svn propedit svn:externals _directory_` to set the svn:externals property on a directory in your repository. This directory won't contain the code, but be its versioned parent directory.
+
+The command `svn propedit` will bring up your Subversion editor, making editing the long, (potentially multi-line) property simpler. This same method can be used to check out a tagged branch, by using the appropriate URL (e.g. `http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/tags/release-1.0.1`). Additionally, the svn:externals property allows the specification of a particular revision of the trunk with the `-r_##_` option (e.g. `externals/src/googletest -r60 http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk`).
+
+Here is an example of using the svn:externals properties on a trunk (read via `svn propget`) of a project. This value checks out a copy of Google Test into the `trunk/externals/src/googletest/` directory.
+
+```
+[Computer:svn] user$ svn propget svn:externals trunk
+externals/src/googletest http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk
+```
+
+# Add the Framework to Your Project #
+
+The next step is to build and add the gtest.framework to your own project. This guide describes two common ways below.
+
+  * **Option 1** --- The simplest way to add Google Test to your own project, is to open gtest.xcodeproj (found in the xcode/ directory of the Google Test trunk) and build the framework manually. Then, add the built framework into your project using the "Add->Existing Framework..." from the context menu or "Project->Add..." from the main menu. The gtest.framework is relocatable and contains the headers and object code that you'll need to make tests. This method requires rebuilding every time you upgrade Google Test in your project.
+  * **Option 2** --- If you are going to be living off the trunk of Google Test, incorporating its latest features into your unit tests (or are a Google Test developer yourself). You'll want to rebuild the framework every time the source updates. to do this, you'll need to add the gtest.xcodeproj file, not the framework itself, to your own Xcode project. Then, from the build products that are revealed by the project's disclosure triangle, you can find the gtest.framework, which can be added to your targets (discussed below).
+
+# Make a Test Target #
+
+To start writing tests, make a new "Shell Tool" target. This target template is available under BSD, Cocoa, or Carbon. Add your unit test source code to the "Compile Sources" build phase of the target.
+
+Next, you'll want to add gtest.framework in two different ways, depending upon which option you chose above.
+
+  * **Option 1** --- During compilation, Xcode will need to know that you are linking against the gtest.framework. Add the gtest.framework to the "Link Binary with Libraries" build phase of your test target. This will include the Google Test headers in your header search path, and will tell the linker where to find the library.
+  * **Option 2** --- If your working out of the trunk, you'll also want to add gtest.framework to your "Link Binary with Libraries" build phase of your test target. In addition, you'll  want to add the gtest.framework as a dependency to your unit test target. This way, Xcode will make sure that gtest.framework is up to date, every time your build your target. Finally, if you don't share build directories with Google Test, you'll have to copy the gtest.framework into your own build products directory using a "Run Script" build phase.
+
+# Set Up the Executable Run Environment #
+
+Since the unit test executable is a shell tool, it doesn't have a bundle with a `Contents/Frameworks` directory, in which to place gtest.framework. Instead, the dynamic linker must be told at runtime to search for the framework in another location. This can be accomplished by setting the "DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH" environment variable in the "Edit Active Executable ..." Arguments tab, under "Variables to be set in the environment:". The path for this value is the path (relative or absolute) of the directory containing the gtest.framework.
+
+If you haven't set up the DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH, correctly, you might get a message like this:
+
+```
+[Session started at 2008-08-15 06:23:57 -0600.]
+  dyld: Library not loaded: @loader_path/../Frameworks/gtest.framework/Versions/A/gtest
+    Referenced from: /Users/username/Documents/Sandbox/gtestSample/build/Debug/WidgetFrameworkTest
+    Reason: image not found
+```
+
+To correct this problem, got to the directory containing the executable named in "Referenced from:" value in the error message above. Then, with the terminal in this location, find the relative path to the directory containing the gtest.framework. That is the value you'll need to set as the DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH.
+
+# Build and Go #
+
+Now, when you click "Build and Go", the test will be executed. Dumping out something like this:
+
+```
+[Session started at 2008-08-06 06:36:13 -0600.]
+[==========] Running 2 tests from 1 test case.
+[----------] Global test environment set-up.
+[----------] 2 tests from WidgetInitializerTest
+[ RUN      ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConstructor
+[       OK ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConstructor
+[ RUN      ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConversion
+[       OK ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConversion
+[----------] Global test environment tear-down
+[==========] 2 tests from 1 test case ran.
+[  PASSED  ] 2 tests.
+
+The Debugger has exited with status 0.  
+```
+
+# Summary #
+
+Unit testing is a valuable way to ensure your data model stays valid even during rapid development or refactoring. The Google Testing Framework is a great unit testing framework for C and C++ which integrates well with an Xcode development environment.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/XcodeGuide.md b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/XcodeGuide.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bf24bf51bfc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/docs/XcodeGuide.md
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+
+
+This guide will explain how to use the Google Testing Framework in your Xcode projects on Mac OS X. This tutorial begins by quickly explaining what to do for experienced users. After the quick start, the guide goes provides additional explanation about each step.
+
+# Quick Start #
+
+Here is the quick guide for using Google Test in your Xcode project.
+
+  1. Download the source from the [website](http://code.google.com/p/googletest) using this command: `svn checkout http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ googletest-read-only`
+  1. Open up the `gtest.xcodeproj` in the `googletest-read-only/xcode/` directory and build the gtest.framework.
+  1. Create a new "Shell Tool" target in your Xcode project called something like "UnitTests"
+  1. Add the gtest.framework to your project and add it to the "Link Binary with Libraries" build phase of "UnitTests"
+  1. Add your unit test source code to the "Compile Sources" build phase of "UnitTests"
+  1. Edit the "UnitTests" executable and add an environment variable named "DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH" with a value equal to the path to the framework containing the gtest.framework relative to the compiled executable.
+  1. Build and Go
+
+The following sections further explain each of the steps listed above in depth, describing in more detail how to complete it including some variations.
+
+# Get the Source #
+
+Currently, the gtest.framework discussed here isn't available in a tagged release of Google Test, it is only available in the trunk. As explained at the Google Test [site](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/source/checkout">svn), you can get the code from anonymous SVN with this command:
+
+```
+svn checkout http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ googletest-read-only
+```
+
+Alternatively, if you are working with Subversion in your own code base, you can add Google Test as an external dependency to your own Subversion repository. By following this approach, everyone that checks out your svn repository will also receive a copy of Google Test (a specific version, if you wish) without having to check it out explicitly. This makes the set up of your project simpler and reduces the copied code in the repository.
+
+To use `svn:externals`, decide where you would like to have the external source reside. You might choose to put the external source inside the trunk, because you want it to be part of the branch when you make a release. However, keeping it outside the trunk in a version-tagged directory called something like `third-party/googletest/1.0.1`, is another option. Once the location is established, use `svn propedit svn:externals _directory_` to set the svn:externals property on a directory in your repository. This directory won't contain the code, but be its versioned parent directory.
+
+The command `svn propedit` will bring up your Subversion editor, making editing the long, (potentially multi-line) property simpler. This same method can be used to check out a tagged branch, by using the appropriate URL (e.g. `http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/tags/release-1.0.1`). Additionally, the svn:externals property allows the specification of a particular revision of the trunk with the `-r_##_` option (e.g. `externals/src/googletest -r60 http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk`).
+
+Here is an example of using the svn:externals properties on a trunk (read via `svn propget`) of a project. This value checks out a copy of Google Test into the `trunk/externals/src/googletest/` directory.
+
+```
+[Computer:svn] user$ svn propget svn:externals trunk
+externals/src/googletest http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk
+```
+
+# Add the Framework to Your Project #
+
+The next step is to build and add the gtest.framework to your own project. This guide describes two common ways below.
+
+  * **Option 1** --- The simplest way to add Google Test to your own project, is to open gtest.xcodeproj (found in the xcode/ directory of the Google Test trunk) and build the framework manually. Then, add the built framework into your project using the "Add->Existing Framework..." from the context menu or "Project->Add..." from the main menu. The gtest.framework is relocatable and contains the headers and object code that you'll need to make tests. This method requires rebuilding every time you upgrade Google Test in your project.
+  * **Option 2** --- If you are going to be living off the trunk of Google Test, incorporating its latest features into your unit tests (or are a Google Test developer yourself). You'll want to rebuild the framework every time the source updates. to do this, you'll need to add the gtest.xcodeproj file, not the framework itself, to your own Xcode project. Then, from the build products that are revealed by the project's disclosure triangle, you can find the gtest.framework, which can be added to your targets (discussed below).
+
+# Make a Test Target #
+
+To start writing tests, make a new "Shell Tool" target. This target template is available under BSD, Cocoa, or Carbon. Add your unit test source code to the "Compile Sources" build phase of the target.
+
+Next, you'll want to add gtest.framework in two different ways, depending upon which option you chose above.
+
+  * **Option 1** --- During compilation, Xcode will need to know that you are linking against the gtest.framework. Add the gtest.framework to the "Link Binary with Libraries" build phase of your test target. This will include the Google Test headers in your header search path, and will tell the linker where to find the library.
+  * **Option 2** --- If your working out of the trunk, you'll also want to add gtest.framework to your "Link Binary with Libraries" build phase of your test target. In addition, you'll  want to add the gtest.framework as a dependency to your unit test target. This way, Xcode will make sure that gtest.framework is up to date, every time your build your target. Finally, if you don't share build directories with Google Test, you'll have to copy the gtest.framework into your own build products directory using a "Run Script" build phase.
+
+# Set Up the Executable Run Environment #
+
+Since the unit test executable is a shell tool, it doesn't have a bundle with a `Contents/Frameworks` directory, in which to place gtest.framework. Instead, the dynamic linker must be told at runtime to search for the framework in another location. This can be accomplished by setting the "DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH" environment variable in the "Edit Active Executable ..." Arguments tab, under "Variables to be set in the environment:". The path for this value is the path (relative or absolute) of the directory containing the gtest.framework.
+
+If you haven't set up the DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH, correctly, you might get a message like this:
+
+```
+[Session started at 2008-08-15 06:23:57 -0600.]
+  dyld: Library not loaded: @loader_path/../Frameworks/gtest.framework/Versions/A/gtest
+    Referenced from: /Users/username/Documents/Sandbox/gtestSample/build/Debug/WidgetFrameworkTest
+    Reason: image not found
+```
+
+To correct this problem, got to the directory containing the executable named in "Referenced from:" value in the error message above. Then, with the terminal in this location, find the relative path to the directory containing the gtest.framework. That is the value you'll need to set as the DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH.
+
+# Build and Go #
+
+Now, when you click "Build and Go", the test will be executed. Dumping out something like this:
+
+```
+[Session started at 2008-08-06 06:36:13 -0600.]
+[==========] Running 2 tests from 1 test case.
+[----------] Global test environment set-up.
+[----------] 2 tests from WidgetInitializerTest
+[ RUN      ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConstructor
+[       OK ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConstructor
+[ RUN      ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConversion
+[       OK ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConversion
+[----------] Global test environment tear-down
+[==========] 2 tests from 1 test case ran.
+[  PASSED  ] 2 tests.
+
+The Debugger has exited with status 0.  
+```
+
+# Summary #
+
+Unit testing is a valuable way to ensure your data model stays valid even during rapid development or refactoring. The Google Testing Framework is a great unit testing framework for C and C++ which integrates well with an Xcode development environment.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..957a69c6a9e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+//
+// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+//
+// This header file defines the public API for death tests.  It is
+// #included by gtest.h so a user doesn't need to include this
+// directly.
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_DEATH_TEST_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_DEATH_TEST_H_
+
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h"
+
+namespace testing {
+
+// This flag controls the style of death tests.  Valid values are "threadsafe",
+// meaning that the death test child process will re-execute the test binary
+// from the start, running only a single death test, or "fast",
+// meaning that the child process will execute the test logic immediately
+// after forking.
+GTEST_DECLARE_string_(death_test_style);
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the caller is currently
+// executing in the context of the death test child process.  Tools such as
+// Valgrind heap checkers may need this to modify their behavior in death
+// tests.  IMPORTANT: This is an internal utility.  Using it may break the
+// implementation of death tests.  User code MUST NOT use it.
+GTEST_API_ bool InDeathTestChild();
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// The following macros are useful for writing death tests.
+
+// Here's what happens when an ASSERT_DEATH* or EXPECT_DEATH* is
+// executed:
+//
+//   1. It generates a warning if there is more than one active
+//   thread.  This is because it's safe to fork() or clone() only
+//   when there is a single thread.
+//
+//   2. The parent process clone()s a sub-process and runs the death
+//   test in it; the sub-process exits with code 0 at the end of the
+//   death test, if it hasn't exited already.
+//
+//   3. The parent process waits for the sub-process to terminate.
+//
+//   4. The parent process checks the exit code and error message of
+//   the sub-process.
+//
+// Examples:
+//
+//   ASSERT_DEATH(server.SendMessage(56, "Hello"), "Invalid port number");
+//   for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+//     EXPECT_DEATH(server.ProcessRequest(i),
+//                  "Invalid request .* in ProcessRequest()")
+//                  << "Failed to die on request " << i;
+//   }
+//
+//   ASSERT_EXIT(server.ExitNow(), ::testing::ExitedWithCode(0), "Exiting");
+//
+//   bool KilledBySIGHUP(int exit_code) {
+//     return WIFSIGNALED(exit_code) && WTERMSIG(exit_code) == SIGHUP;
+//   }
+//
+//   ASSERT_EXIT(client.HangUpServer(), KilledBySIGHUP, "Hanging up!");
+//
+// On the regular expressions used in death tests:
+//
+//   On POSIX-compliant systems (*nix), we use the <regex.h> library,
+//   which uses the POSIX extended regex syntax.
+//
+//   On other platforms (e.g. Windows), we only support a simple regex
+//   syntax implemented as part of Google Test.  This limited
+//   implementation should be enough most of the time when writing
+//   death tests; though it lacks many features you can find in PCRE
+//   or POSIX extended regex syntax.  For example, we don't support
+//   union ("x|y"), grouping ("(xy)"), brackets ("[xy]"), and
+//   repetition count ("x{5,7}"), among others.
+//
+//   Below is the syntax that we do support.  We chose it to be a
+//   subset of both PCRE and POSIX extended regex, so it's easy to
+//   learn wherever you come from.  In the following: 'A' denotes a
+//   literal character, period (.), or a single \\ escape sequence;
+//   'x' and 'y' denote regular expressions; 'm' and 'n' are for
+//   natural numbers.
+//
+//     c     matches any literal character c
+//     \\d   matches any decimal digit
+//     \\D   matches any character that's not a decimal digit
+//     \\f   matches \f
+//     \\n   matches \n
+//     \\r   matches \r
+//     \\s   matches any ASCII whitespace, including \n
+//     \\S   matches any character that's not a whitespace
+//     \\t   matches \t
+//     \\v   matches \v
+//     \\w   matches any letter, _, or decimal digit
+//     \\W   matches any character that \\w doesn't match
+//     \\c   matches any literal character c, which must be a punctuation
+//     .     matches any single character except \n
+//     A?    matches 0 or 1 occurrences of A
+//     A*    matches 0 or many occurrences of A
+//     A+    matches 1 or many occurrences of A
+//     ^     matches the beginning of a string (not that of each line)
+//     $     matches the end of a string (not that of each line)
+//     xy    matches x followed by y
+//
+//   If you accidentally use PCRE or POSIX extended regex features
+//   not implemented by us, you will get a run-time failure.  In that
+//   case, please try to rewrite your regular expression within the
+//   above syntax.
+//
+//   This implementation is *not* meant to be as highly tuned or robust
+//   as a compiled regex library, but should perform well enough for a
+//   death test, which already incurs significant overhead by launching
+//   a child process.
+//
+// Known caveats:
+//
+//   A "threadsafe" style death test obtains the path to the test
+//   program from argv[0] and re-executes it in the sub-process.  For
+//   simplicity, the current implementation doesn't search the PATH
+//   when launching the sub-process.  This means that the user must
+//   invoke the test program via a path that contains at least one
+//   path separator (e.g. path/to/foo_test and
+//   /absolute/path/to/bar_test are fine, but foo_test is not).  This
+//   is rarely a problem as people usually don't put the test binary
+//   directory in PATH.
+//
+// TODO(wan@google.com): make thread-safe death tests search the PATH.
+
+// Asserts that a given statement causes the program to exit, with an
+// integer exit status that satisfies predicate, and emitting error output
+// that matches regex.
+# define ASSERT_EXIT(statement, predicate, regex) \
+    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_(statement, predicate, regex, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
+
+// Like ASSERT_EXIT, but continues on to successive tests in the
+// test case, if any:
+# define EXPECT_EXIT(statement, predicate, regex) \
+    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_(statement, predicate, regex, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
+
+// Asserts that a given statement causes the program to exit, either by
+// explicitly exiting with a nonzero exit code or being killed by a
+// signal, and emitting error output that matches regex.
+# define ASSERT_DEATH(statement, regex) \
+    ASSERT_EXIT(statement, ::testing::internal::ExitedUnsuccessfully, regex)
+
+// Like ASSERT_DEATH, but continues on to successive tests in the
+// test case, if any:
+# define EXPECT_DEATH(statement, regex) \
+    EXPECT_EXIT(statement, ::testing::internal::ExitedUnsuccessfully, regex)
+
+// Two predicate classes that can be used in {ASSERT,EXPECT}_EXIT*:
+
+// Tests that an exit code describes a normal exit with a given exit code.
+class GTEST_API_ ExitedWithCode {
+ public:
+  explicit ExitedWithCode(int exit_code);
+  bool operator()(int exit_status) const;
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ExitedWithCode& other);
+
+  const int exit_code_;
+};
+
+# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+// Tests that an exit code describes an exit due to termination by a
+// given signal.
+class GTEST_API_ KilledBySignal {
+ public:
+  explicit KilledBySignal(int signum);
+  bool operator()(int exit_status) const;
+ private:
+  const int signum_;
+};
+# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+// EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH asserts that the given statements die in debug mode.
+// The death testing framework causes this to have interesting semantics,
+// since the sideeffects of the call are only visible in opt mode, and not
+// in debug mode.
+//
+// In practice, this can be used to test functions that utilize the
+// LOG(DFATAL) macro using the following style:
+//
+// int DieInDebugOr12(int* sideeffect) {
+//   if (sideeffect) {
+//     *sideeffect = 12;
+//   }
+//   LOG(DFATAL) << "death";
+//   return 12;
+// }
+//
+// TEST(TestCase, TestDieOr12WorksInDgbAndOpt) {
+//   int sideeffect = 0;
+//   // Only asserts in dbg.
+//   EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(DieInDebugOr12(&sideeffect), "death");
+//
+// #ifdef NDEBUG
+//   // opt-mode has sideeffect visible.
+//   EXPECT_EQ(12, sideeffect);
+// #else
+//   // dbg-mode no visible sideeffect.
+//   EXPECT_EQ(0, sideeffect);
+// #endif
+// }
+//
+// This will assert that DieInDebugReturn12InOpt() crashes in debug
+// mode, usually due to a DCHECK or LOG(DFATAL), but returns the
+// appropriate fallback value (12 in this case) in opt mode. If you
+// need to test that a function has appropriate side-effects in opt
+// mode, include assertions against the side-effects.  A general
+// pattern for this is:
+//
+// EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH({
+//   // Side-effects here will have an effect after this statement in
+//   // opt mode, but none in debug mode.
+//   EXPECT_EQ(12, DieInDebugOr12(&sideeffect));
+// }, "death");
+//
+# ifdef NDEBUG
+
+#  define EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
+  GTEST_EXECUTE_STATEMENT_(statement, regex)
+
+#  define ASSERT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
+  GTEST_EXECUTE_STATEMENT_(statement, regex)
+
+# else
+
+#  define EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
+  EXPECT_DEATH(statement, regex)
+
+#  define ASSERT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
+  ASSERT_DEATH(statement, regex)
+
+# endif  // NDEBUG for EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+// EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) and
+// ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) expand to real death tests if
+// death tests are supported; otherwise they just issue a warning.  This is
+// useful when you are combining death test assertions with normal test
+// assertions in one test.
+#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+# define EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) \
+    EXPECT_DEATH(statement, regex)
+# define ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) \
+    ASSERT_DEATH(statement, regex)
+#else
+# define EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) \
+    GTEST_UNSUPPORTED_DEATH_TEST_(statement, regex, )
+# define ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) \
+    GTEST_UNSUPPORTED_DEATH_TEST_(statement, regex, return)
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace testing
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_DEATH_TEST_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest-message.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest-message.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fe879bca7927
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest-message.h
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+//
+// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+//
+// This header file defines the Message class.
+//
+// IMPORTANT NOTE: Due to limitation of the C++ language, we have to
+// leave some internal implementation details in this header file.
+// They are clearly marked by comments like this:
+//
+//   // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+//
+// Such code is NOT meant to be used by a user directly, and is subject
+// to CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE.  Therefore DO NOT DEPEND ON IT in a user
+// program!
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_MESSAGE_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_MESSAGE_H_
+
+#include <limits>
+
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+
+// Ensures that there is at least one operator<< in the global namespace.
+// See Message& operator<<(...) below for why.
+void operator<<(const testing::internal::Secret&, int);
+
+namespace testing {
+
+// The Message class works like an ostream repeater.
+//
+// Typical usage:
+//
+//   1. You stream a bunch of values to a Message object.
+//      It will remember the text in a stringstream.
+//   2. Then you stream the Message object to an ostream.
+//      This causes the text in the Message to be streamed
+//      to the ostream.
+//
+// For example;
+//
+//   testing::Message foo;
+//   foo << 1 << " != " << 2;
+//   std::cout << foo;
+//
+// will print "1 != 2".
+//
+// Message is not intended to be inherited from.  In particular, its
+// destructor is not virtual.
+//
+// Note that stringstream behaves differently in gcc and in MSVC.  You
+// can stream a NULL char pointer to it in the former, but not in the
+// latter (it causes an access violation if you do).  The Message
+// class hides this difference by treating a NULL char pointer as
+// "(null)".
+class GTEST_API_ Message {
+ private:
+  // The type of basic IO manipulators (endl, ends, and flush) for
+  // narrow streams.
+  typedef std::ostream& (*BasicNarrowIoManip)(std::ostream&);
+
+ public:
+  // Constructs an empty Message.
+  Message();
+
+  // Copy constructor.
+  Message(const Message& msg) : ss_(new ::std::stringstream) {  // NOLINT
+    *ss_ << msg.GetString();
+  }
+
+  // Constructs a Message from a C-string.
+  explicit Message(const char* str) : ss_(new ::std::stringstream) {
+    *ss_ << str;
+  }
+
+#if GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+  // Streams a value (either a pointer or not) to this object.
+  template <typename T>
+  inline Message& operator <<(const T& value) {
+    StreamHelper(typename internal::is_pointer<T>::type(), value);
+    return *this;
+  }
+#else
+  // Streams a non-pointer value to this object.
+  template <typename T>
+  inline Message& operator <<(const T& val) {
+    // Some libraries overload << for STL containers.  These
+    // overloads are defined in the global namespace instead of ::std.
+    //
+    // C++'s symbol lookup rule (i.e. Koenig lookup) says that these
+    // overloads are visible in either the std namespace or the global
+    // namespace, but not other namespaces, including the testing
+    // namespace which Google Test's Message class is in.
+    //
+    // To allow STL containers (and other types that has a << operator
+    // defined in the global namespace) to be used in Google Test
+    // assertions, testing::Message must access the custom << operator
+    // from the global namespace.  With this using declaration,
+    // overloads of << defined in the global namespace and those
+    // visible via Koenig lookup are both exposed in this function.
+    using ::operator <<;
+    *ss_ << val;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // Streams a pointer value to this object.
+  //
+  // This function is an overload of the previous one.  When you
+  // stream a pointer to a Message, this definition will be used as it
+  // is more specialized.  (The C++ Standard, section
+  // [temp.func.order].)  If you stream a non-pointer, then the
+  // previous definition will be used.
+  //
+  // The reason for this overload is that streaming a NULL pointer to
+  // ostream is undefined behavior.  Depending on the compiler, you
+  // may get "0", "(nil)", "(null)", or an access violation.  To
+  // ensure consistent result across compilers, we always treat NULL
+  // as "(null)".
+  template <typename T>
+  inline Message& operator <<(T* const& pointer) {  // NOLINT
+    if (pointer == NULL) {
+      *ss_ << "(null)";
+    } else {
+      *ss_ << pointer;
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+
+  // Since the basic IO manipulators are overloaded for both narrow
+  // and wide streams, we have to provide this specialized definition
+  // of operator <<, even though its body is the same as the
+  // templatized version above.  Without this definition, streaming
+  // endl or other basic IO manipulators to Message will confuse the
+  // compiler.
+  Message& operator <<(BasicNarrowIoManip val) {
+    *ss_ << val;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // Instead of 1/0, we want to see true/false for bool values.
+  Message& operator <<(bool b) {
+    return *this << (b ? "true" : "false");
+  }
+
+  // These two overloads allow streaming a wide C string to a Message
+  // using the UTF-8 encoding.
+  Message& operator <<(const wchar_t* wide_c_str);
+  Message& operator <<(wchar_t* wide_c_str);
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+  // Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
+  // encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
+  Message& operator <<(const ::std::wstring& wstr);
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+  // Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
+  // encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
+  Message& operator <<(const ::wstring& wstr);
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+
+  // Gets the text streamed to this object so far as an std::string.
+  // Each '\0' character in the buffer is replaced with "\\0".
+  //
+  // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+  std::string GetString() const;
+
+ private:
+
+#if GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+  // These are needed as the Nokia Symbian Compiler cannot decide between
+  // const T& and const T* in a function template. The Nokia compiler _can_
+  // decide between class template specializations for T and T*, so a
+  // tr1::type_traits-like is_pointer works, and we can overload on that.
+  template <typename T>
+  inline void StreamHelper(internal::true_type /*is_pointer*/, T* pointer) {
+    if (pointer == NULL) {
+      *ss_ << "(null)";
+    } else {
+      *ss_ << pointer;
+    }
+  }
+  template <typename T>
+  inline void StreamHelper(internal::false_type /*is_pointer*/,
+                           const T& value) {
+    // See the comments in Message& operator <<(const T&) above for why
+    // we need this using statement.
+    using ::operator <<;
+    *ss_ << value;
+  }
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+
+  // We'll hold the text streamed to this object here.
+  const internal::scoped_ptr< ::std::stringstream> ss_;
+
+  // We declare (but don't implement) this to prevent the compiler
+  // from implementing the assignment operator.
+  void operator=(const Message&);
+};
+
+// Streams a Message to an ostream.
+inline std::ostream& operator <<(std::ostream& os, const Message& sb) {
+  return os << sb.GetString();
+}
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// Converts a streamable value to an std::string.  A NULL pointer is
+// converted to "(null)".  When the input value is a ::string,
+// ::std::string, ::wstring, or ::std::wstring object, each NUL
+// character in it is replaced with "\\0".
+template <typename T>
+std::string StreamableToString(const T& streamable) {
+  return (Message() << streamable).GetString();
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace testing
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_MESSAGE_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..038f9ba79eb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1444 @@
+// This file was GENERATED by command:
+//     pump.py gtest-param-test.h.pump
+// DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!!
+
+// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Authors: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
+//
+// Macros and functions for implementing parameterized tests
+// in Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+//
+// This file is generated by a SCRIPT.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
+//
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PARAM_TEST_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PARAM_TEST_H_
+
+
+// Value-parameterized tests allow you to test your code with different
+// parameters without writing multiple copies of the same test.
+//
+// Here is how you use value-parameterized tests:
+
+#if 0
+
+// To write value-parameterized tests, first you should define a fixture
+// class. It is usually derived from testing::TestWithParam<T> (see below for
+// another inheritance scheme that's sometimes useful in more complicated
+// class hierarchies), where the type of your parameter values.
+// TestWithParam<T> is itself derived from testing::Test. T can be any
+// copyable type. If it's a raw pointer, you are responsible for managing the
+// lifespan of the pointed values.
+
+class FooTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<const char*> {
+  // You can implement all the usual class fixture members here.
+};
+
+// Then, use the TEST_P macro to define as many parameterized tests
+// for this fixture as you want. The _P suffix is for "parameterized"
+// or "pattern", whichever you prefer to think.
+
+TEST_P(FooTest, DoesBlah) {
+  // Inside a test, access the test parameter with the GetParam() method
+  // of the TestWithParam<T> class:
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo.Blah(GetParam()));
+  ...
+}
+
+TEST_P(FooTest, HasBlahBlah) {
+  ...
+}
+
+// Finally, you can use INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P to instantiate the test
+// case with any set of parameters you want. Google Test defines a number
+// of functions for generating test parameters. They return what we call
+// (surprise!) parameter generators. Here is a  summary of them, which
+// are all in the testing namespace:
+//
+//
+//  Range(begin, end [, step]) - Yields values {begin, begin+step,
+//                               begin+step+step, ...}. The values do not
+//                               include end. step defaults to 1.
+//  Values(v1, v2, ..., vN)    - Yields values {v1, v2, ..., vN}.
+//  ValuesIn(container)        - Yields values from a C-style array, an STL
+//  ValuesIn(begin,end)          container, or an iterator range [begin, end).
+//  Bool()                     - Yields sequence {false, true}.
+//  Combine(g1, g2, ..., gN)   - Yields all combinations (the Cartesian product
+//                               for the math savvy) of the values generated
+//                               by the N generators.
+//
+// For more details, see comments at the definitions of these functions below
+// in this file.
+//
+// The following statement will instantiate tests from the FooTest test case
+// each with parameter values "meeny", "miny", and "moe".
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(InstantiationName,
+                        FooTest,
+                        Values("meeny", "miny", "moe"));
+
+// To distinguish different instances of the pattern, (yes, you
+// can instantiate it more then once) the first argument to the
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P macro is a prefix that will be added to the
+// actual test case name. Remember to pick unique prefixes for different
+// instantiations. The tests from the instantiation above will have
+// these names:
+//
+//    * InstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/0 for "meeny"
+//    * InstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/1 for "miny"
+//    * InstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/2 for "moe"
+//    * InstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/0 for "meeny"
+//    * InstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/1 for "miny"
+//    * InstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/2 for "moe"
+//
+// You can use these names in --gtest_filter.
+//
+// This statement will instantiate all tests from FooTest again, each
+// with parameter values "cat" and "dog":
+
+const char* pets[] = {"cat", "dog"};
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(AnotherInstantiationName, FooTest, ValuesIn(pets));
+
+// The tests from the instantiation above will have these names:
+//
+//    * AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/0 for "cat"
+//    * AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/1 for "dog"
+//    * AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/0 for "cat"
+//    * AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/1 for "dog"
+//
+// Please note that INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P will instantiate all tests
+// in the given test case, whether their definitions come before or
+// AFTER the INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P statement.
+//
+// Please also note that generator expressions (including parameters to the
+// generators) are evaluated in InitGoogleTest(), after main() has started.
+// This allows the user on one hand, to adjust generator parameters in order
+// to dynamically determine a set of tests to run and on the other hand,
+// give the user a chance to inspect the generated tests with Google Test
+// reflection API before RUN_ALL_TESTS() is executed.
+//
+// You can see samples/sample7_unittest.cc and samples/sample8_unittest.cc
+// for more examples.
+//
+// In the future, we plan to publish the API for defining new parameter
+// generators. But for now this interface remains part of the internal
+// implementation and is subject to change.
+//
+//
+// A parameterized test fixture must be derived from testing::Test and from
+// testing::WithParamInterface<T>, where T is the type of the parameter
+// values. Inheriting from TestWithParam<T> satisfies that requirement because
+// TestWithParam<T> inherits from both Test and WithParamInterface. In more
+// complicated hierarchies, however, it is occasionally useful to inherit
+// separately from Test and WithParamInterface. For example:
+
+class BaseTest : public ::testing::Test {
+  // You can inherit all the usual members for a non-parameterized test
+  // fixture here.
+};
+
+class DerivedTest : public BaseTest, public ::testing::WithParamInterface<int> {
+  // The usual test fixture members go here too.
+};
+
+TEST_F(BaseTest, HasFoo) {
+  // This is an ordinary non-parameterized test.
+}
+
+TEST_P(DerivedTest, DoesBlah) {
+  // GetParam works just the same here as if you inherit from TestWithParam.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo.Blah(GetParam()));
+}
+
+#endif  // 0
+
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+
+#if !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+# include <utility>
+#endif
+
+// scripts/fuse_gtest.py depends on gtest's own header being #included
+// *unconditionally*.  Therefore these #includes cannot be moved
+// inside #if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST.
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h"
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+namespace testing {
+
+// Functions producing parameter generators.
+//
+// Google Test uses these generators to produce parameters for value-
+// parameterized tests. When a parameterized test case is instantiated
+// with a particular generator, Google Test creates and runs tests
+// for each element in the sequence produced by the generator.
+//
+// In the following sample, tests from test case FooTest are instantiated
+// each three times with parameter values 3, 5, and 8:
+//
+// class FooTest : public TestWithParam<int> { ... };
+//
+// TEST_P(FooTest, TestThis) {
+// }
+// TEST_P(FooTest, TestThat) {
+// }
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(TestSequence, FooTest, Values(3, 5, 8));
+//
+
+// Range() returns generators providing sequences of values in a range.
+//
+// Synopsis:
+// Range(start, end)
+//   - returns a generator producing a sequence of values {start, start+1,
+//     start+2, ..., }.
+// Range(start, end, step)
+//   - returns a generator producing a sequence of values {start, start+step,
+//     start+step+step, ..., }.
+// Notes:
+//   * The generated sequences never include end. For example, Range(1, 5)
+//     returns a generator producing a sequence {1, 2, 3, 4}. Range(1, 9, 2)
+//     returns a generator producing {1, 3, 5, 7}.
+//   * start and end must have the same type. That type may be any integral or
+//     floating-point type or a user defined type satisfying these conditions:
+//     * It must be assignable (have operator=() defined).
+//     * It must have operator+() (operator+(int-compatible type) for
+//       two-operand version).
+//     * It must have operator<() defined.
+//     Elements in the resulting sequences will also have that type.
+//   * Condition start < end must be satisfied in order for resulting sequences
+//     to contain any elements.
+//
+template <typename T, typename IncrementT>
+internal::ParamGenerator<T> Range(T start, T end, IncrementT step) {
+  return internal::ParamGenerator<T>(
+      new internal::RangeGenerator<T, IncrementT>(start, end, step));
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+internal::ParamGenerator<T> Range(T start, T end) {
+  return Range(start, end, 1);
+}
+
+// ValuesIn() function allows generation of tests with parameters coming from
+// a container.
+//
+// Synopsis:
+// ValuesIn(const T (&array)[N])
+//   - returns a generator producing sequences with elements from
+//     a C-style array.
+// ValuesIn(const Container& container)
+//   - returns a generator producing sequences with elements from
+//     an STL-style container.
+// ValuesIn(Iterator begin, Iterator end)
+//   - returns a generator producing sequences with elements from
+//     a range [begin, end) defined by a pair of STL-style iterators. These
+//     iterators can also be plain C pointers.
+//
+// Please note that ValuesIn copies the values from the containers
+// passed in and keeps them to generate tests in RUN_ALL_TESTS().
+//
+// Examples:
+//
+// This instantiates tests from test case StringTest
+// each with C-string values of "foo", "bar", and "baz":
+//
+// const char* strings[] = {"foo", "bar", "baz"};
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(StringSequence, SrtingTest, ValuesIn(strings));
+//
+// This instantiates tests from test case StlStringTest
+// each with STL strings with values "a" and "b":
+//
+// ::std::vector< ::std::string> GetParameterStrings() {
+//   ::std::vector< ::std::string> v;
+//   v.push_back("a");
+//   v.push_back("b");
+//   return v;
+// }
+//
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(CharSequence,
+//                         StlStringTest,
+//                         ValuesIn(GetParameterStrings()));
+//
+//
+// This will also instantiate tests from CharTest
+// each with parameter values 'a' and 'b':
+//
+// ::std::list<char> GetParameterChars() {
+//   ::std::list<char> list;
+//   list.push_back('a');
+//   list.push_back('b');
+//   return list;
+// }
+// ::std::list<char> l = GetParameterChars();
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(CharSequence2,
+//                         CharTest,
+//                         ValuesIn(l.begin(), l.end()));
+//
+template <typename ForwardIterator>
+internal::ParamGenerator<
+  typename ::testing::internal::IteratorTraits<ForwardIterator>::value_type>
+ValuesIn(ForwardIterator begin, ForwardIterator end) {
+  typedef typename ::testing::internal::IteratorTraits<ForwardIterator>
+      ::value_type ParamType;
+  return internal::ParamGenerator<ParamType>(
+      new internal::ValuesInIteratorRangeGenerator<ParamType>(begin, end));
+}
+
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+internal::ParamGenerator<T> ValuesIn(const T (&array)[N]) {
+  return ValuesIn(array, array + N);
+}
+
+template <class Container>
+internal::ParamGenerator<typename Container::value_type> ValuesIn(
+    const Container& container) {
+  return ValuesIn(container.begin(), container.end());
+}
+
+// Values() allows generating tests from explicitly specified list of
+// parameters.
+//
+// Synopsis:
+// Values(T v1, T v2, ..., T vN)
+//   - returns a generator producing sequences with elements v1, v2, ..., vN.
+//
+// For example, this instantiates tests from test case BarTest each
+// with values "one", "two", and "three":
+//
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(NumSequence, BarTest, Values("one", "two", "three"));
+//
+// This instantiates tests from test case BazTest each with values 1, 2, 3.5.
+// The exact type of values will depend on the type of parameter in BazTest.
+//
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(FloatingNumbers, BazTest, Values(1, 2, 3.5));
+//
+// Currently, Values() supports from 1 to 50 parameters.
+//
+template <typename T1>
+internal::ValueArray1<T1> Values(T1 v1) {
+  return internal::ValueArray1<T1>(v1);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+internal::ValueArray2<T1, T2> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2) {
+  return internal::ValueArray2<T1, T2>(v1, v2);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
+internal::ValueArray3<T1, T2, T3> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3) {
+  return internal::ValueArray3<T1, T2, T3>(v1, v2, v3);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
+internal::ValueArray4<T1, T2, T3, T4> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4) {
+  return internal::ValueArray4<T1, T2, T3, T4>(v1, v2, v3, v4);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
+internal::ValueArray5<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4,
+    T5 v5) {
+  return internal::ValueArray5<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6>
+internal::ValueArray6<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3,
+    T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6) {
+  return internal::ValueArray6<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7>
+internal::ValueArray7<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3,
+    T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7) {
+  return internal::ValueArray7<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5,
+      v6, v7);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8>
+internal::ValueArray8<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2,
+    T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8) {
+  return internal::ValueArray8<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8>(v1, v2, v3, v4,
+      v5, v6, v7, v8);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9>
+internal::ValueArray9<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2,
+    T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9) {
+  return internal::ValueArray9<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9>(v1, v2, v3,
+      v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10>
+internal::ValueArray10<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10> Values(T1 v1,
+    T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10) {
+  return internal::ValueArray10<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10>(v1,
+      v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11>
+internal::ValueArray11<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10,
+    T11> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+    T10 v10, T11 v11) {
+  return internal::ValueArray11<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10,
+      T11>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12>
+internal::ValueArray12<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+    T12> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+    T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12) {
+  return internal::ValueArray12<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13>
+internal::ValueArray13<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+    T13> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+    T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13) {
+  return internal::ValueArray13<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14>
+internal::ValueArray14<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+    T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14) {
+  return internal::ValueArray14<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13,
+      v14);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15>
+internal::ValueArray15<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8,
+    T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15) {
+  return internal::ValueArray15<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12,
+      v13, v14, v15);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16>
+internal::ValueArray16<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7,
+    T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15,
+    T16 v16) {
+  return internal::ValueArray16<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11,
+      v12, v13, v14, v15, v16);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17>
+internal::ValueArray17<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7,
+    T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15,
+    T16 v16, T17 v17) {
+  return internal::ValueArray17<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10,
+      v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18>
+internal::ValueArray18<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6,
+    T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15,
+    T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18) {
+  return internal::ValueArray18<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9,
+      v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19>
+internal::ValueArray19<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5,
+    T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14,
+    T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19) {
+  return internal::ValueArray19<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8,
+      v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20>
+internal::ValueArray20<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4,
+    T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13,
+    T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20) {
+  return internal::ValueArray20<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
+      v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21>
+internal::ValueArray21<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4,
+    T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13,
+    T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21) {
+  return internal::ValueArray21<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6,
+      v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22>
+internal::ValueArray22<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3,
+    T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12,
+    T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20,
+    T21 v21, T22 v22) {
+  return internal::ValueArray22<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22>(v1, v2, v3, v4,
+      v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19,
+      v20, v21, v22);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23>
+internal::ValueArray23<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2,
+    T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12,
+    T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20,
+    T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23) {
+  return internal::ValueArray23<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23>(v1, v2, v3,
+      v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19,
+      v20, v21, v22, v23);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24>
+internal::ValueArray24<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2,
+    T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12,
+    T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20,
+    T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24) {
+  return internal::ValueArray24<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24>(v1, v2,
+      v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18,
+      v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25>
+internal::ValueArray25<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25> Values(T1 v1,
+    T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11,
+    T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19,
+    T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25) {
+  return internal::ValueArray25<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25>(v1,
+      v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17,
+      v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26>
+internal::ValueArray26<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+    T26> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+    T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+    T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+    T26 v26) {
+  return internal::ValueArray26<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15,
+      v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27>
+internal::ValueArray27<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+    T27> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+    T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+    T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+    T26 v26, T27 v27) {
+  return internal::ValueArray27<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26, T27>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14,
+      v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28>
+internal::ValueArray28<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
+    T28> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+    T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+    T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+    T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28) {
+  return internal::ValueArray28<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26, T27, T28>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13,
+      v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27,
+      v28);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29>
+internal::ValueArray29<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+    T29> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+    T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+    T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+    T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29) {
+  return internal::ValueArray29<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26, T27, T28, T29>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12,
+      v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26,
+      v27, v28, v29);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30>
+internal::ValueArray30<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+    T29, T30> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8,
+    T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16,
+    T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24,
+    T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30) {
+  return internal::ValueArray30<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11,
+      v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25,
+      v26, v27, v28, v29, v30);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31>
+internal::ValueArray31<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+    T29, T30, T31> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7,
+    T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15,
+    T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23,
+    T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31) {
+  return internal::ValueArray31<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10,
+      v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24,
+      v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32>
+internal::ValueArray32<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+    T29, T30, T31, T32> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7,
+    T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15,
+    T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23,
+    T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31,
+    T32 v32) {
+  return internal::ValueArray32<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9,
+      v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23,
+      v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33>
+internal::ValueArray33<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6,
+    T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15,
+    T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23,
+    T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31,
+    T32 v32, T33 v33) {
+  return internal::ValueArray33<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8,
+      v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23,
+      v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34>
+internal::ValueArray34<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5,
+    T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14,
+    T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22,
+    T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30,
+    T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33, T34 v34) {
+  return internal::ValueArray34<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
+      v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22,
+      v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35>
+internal::ValueArray35<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4,
+    T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13,
+    T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21,
+    T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29,
+    T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33, T34 v34, T35 v35) {
+  return internal::ValueArray35<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6,
+      v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21,
+      v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36>
+internal::ValueArray36<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4,
+    T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13,
+    T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21,
+    T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29,
+    T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33, T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36) {
+  return internal::ValueArray36<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36>(v1, v2, v3, v4,
+      v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19,
+      v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33,
+      v34, v35, v36);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37>
+internal::ValueArray37<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3,
+    T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12,
+    T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20,
+    T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28,
+    T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33, T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36,
+    T37 v37) {
+  return internal::ValueArray37<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37>(v1, v2, v3,
+      v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19,
+      v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33,
+      v34, v35, v36, v37);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38>
+internal::ValueArray38<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2,
+    T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12,
+    T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20,
+    T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28,
+    T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33, T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36,
+    T37 v37, T38 v38) {
+  return internal::ValueArray38<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38>(v1, v2,
+      v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18,
+      v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32,
+      v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39>
+internal::ValueArray39<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2,
+    T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12,
+    T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20,
+    T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28,
+    T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33, T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36,
+    T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39) {
+  return internal::ValueArray39<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39>(v1,
+      v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17,
+      v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31,
+      v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40>
+internal::ValueArray40<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40> Values(T1 v1,
+    T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11,
+    T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19,
+    T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27,
+    T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33, T34 v34, T35 v35,
+    T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40) {
+  return internal::ValueArray40<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39,
+      T40>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15,
+      v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29,
+      v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41>
+internal::ValueArray41<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
+    T41> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+    T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+    T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+    T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
+    T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41) {
+  return internal::ValueArray41<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39,
+      T40, T41>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14,
+      v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28,
+      v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42>
+internal::ValueArray42<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41,
+    T42> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+    T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+    T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+    T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
+    T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41,
+    T42 v42) {
+  return internal::ValueArray42<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39,
+      T40, T41, T42>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13,
+      v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27,
+      v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41,
+      v42);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43>
+internal::ValueArray43<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42,
+    T43> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+    T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+    T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+    T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
+    T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41,
+    T42 v42, T43 v43) {
+  return internal::ValueArray43<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39,
+      T40, T41, T42, T43>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12,
+      v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26,
+      v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40,
+      v41, v42, v43);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44>
+internal::ValueArray44<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
+    T44> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+    T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+    T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+    T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
+    T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41,
+    T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44) {
+  return internal::ValueArray44<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39,
+      T40, T41, T42, T43, T44>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11,
+      v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25,
+      v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39,
+      v40, v41, v42, v43, v44);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45>
+internal::ValueArray45<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
+    T44, T45> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8,
+    T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16,
+    T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24,
+    T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32,
+    T33 v33, T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40,
+    T41 v41, T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44, T45 v45) {
+  return internal::ValueArray45<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39,
+      T40, T41, T42, T43, T44, T45>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10,
+      v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24,
+      v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38,
+      v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
+    typename T46>
+internal::ValueArray46<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
+    T44, T45, T46> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7,
+    T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15,
+    T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23,
+    T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31,
+    T32 v32, T33 v33, T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39,
+    T40 v40, T41 v41, T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44, T45 v45, T46 v46) {
+  return internal::ValueArray46<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39,
+      T40, T41, T42, T43, T44, T45, T46>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9,
+      v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23,
+      v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37,
+      v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
+    typename T46, typename T47>
+internal::ValueArray47<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
+    T44, T45, T46, T47> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7,
+    T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15,
+    T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23,
+    T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31,
+    T32 v32, T33 v33, T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39,
+    T40 v40, T41 v41, T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44, T45 v45, T46 v46, T47 v47) {
+  return internal::ValueArray47<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39,
+      T40, T41, T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8,
+      v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23,
+      v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37,
+      v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
+    typename T46, typename T47, typename T48>
+internal::ValueArray48<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
+    T44, T45, T46, T47, T48> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6,
+    T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15,
+    T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23,
+    T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31,
+    T32 v32, T33 v33, T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39,
+    T40 v40, T41 v41, T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44, T45 v45, T46 v46, T47 v47,
+    T48 v48) {
+  return internal::ValueArray48<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39,
+      T40, T41, T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
+      v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22,
+      v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36,
+      v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
+    typename T46, typename T47, typename T48, typename T49>
+internal::ValueArray49<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
+    T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5,
+    T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14,
+    T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22,
+    T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30,
+    T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33, T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38,
+    T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41, T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44, T45 v45, T46 v46,
+    T47 v47, T48 v48, T49 v49) {
+  return internal::ValueArray49<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39,
+      T40, T41, T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6,
+      v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21,
+      v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35,
+      v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
+    typename T46, typename T47, typename T48, typename T49, typename T50>
+internal::ValueArray50<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
+    T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49, T50> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4,
+    T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13,
+    T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21,
+    T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29,
+    T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33, T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37,
+    T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41, T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44, T45 v45,
+    T46 v46, T47 v47, T48 v48, T49 v49, T50 v50) {
+  return internal::ValueArray50<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39,
+      T40, T41, T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49, T50>(v1, v2, v3, v4,
+      v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19,
+      v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33,
+      v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47,
+      v48, v49, v50);
+}
+
+// Bool() allows generating tests with parameters in a set of (false, true).
+//
+// Synopsis:
+// Bool()
+//   - returns a generator producing sequences with elements {false, true}.
+//
+// It is useful when testing code that depends on Boolean flags. Combinations
+// of multiple flags can be tested when several Bool()'s are combined using
+// Combine() function.
+//
+// In the following example all tests in the test case FlagDependentTest
+// will be instantiated twice with parameters false and true.
+//
+// class FlagDependentTest : public testing::TestWithParam<bool> {
+//   virtual void SetUp() {
+//     external_flag = GetParam();
+//   }
+// }
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(BoolSequence, FlagDependentTest, Bool());
+//
+inline internal::ParamGenerator<bool> Bool() {
+  return Values(false, true);
+}
+
+# if GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
+// Combine() allows the user to combine two or more sequences to produce
+// values of a Cartesian product of those sequences' elements.
+//
+// Synopsis:
+// Combine(gen1, gen2, ..., genN)
+//   - returns a generator producing sequences with elements coming from
+//     the Cartesian product of elements from the sequences generated by
+//     gen1, gen2, ..., genN. The sequence elements will have a type of
+//     tuple<T1, T2, ..., TN> where T1, T2, ..., TN are the types
+//     of elements from sequences produces by gen1, gen2, ..., genN.
+//
+// Combine can have up to 10 arguments. This number is currently limited
+// by the maximum number of elements in the tuple implementation used by Google
+// Test.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+// This will instantiate tests in test case AnimalTest each one with
+// the parameter values tuple("cat", BLACK), tuple("cat", WHITE),
+// tuple("dog", BLACK), and tuple("dog", WHITE):
+//
+// enum Color { BLACK, GRAY, WHITE };
+// class AnimalTest
+//     : public testing::TestWithParam<tuple<const char*, Color> > {...};
+//
+// TEST_P(AnimalTest, AnimalLooksNice) {...}
+//
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(AnimalVariations, AnimalTest,
+//                         Combine(Values("cat", "dog"),
+//                                 Values(BLACK, WHITE)));
+//
+// This will instantiate tests in FlagDependentTest with all variations of two
+// Boolean flags:
+//
+// class FlagDependentTest
+//     : public testing::TestWithParam<tuple<bool, bool> > {
+//   virtual void SetUp() {
+//     // Assigns external_flag_1 and external_flag_2 values from the tuple.
+//     tie(external_flag_1, external_flag_2) = GetParam();
+//   }
+// };
+//
+// TEST_P(FlagDependentTest, TestFeature1) {
+//   // Test your code using external_flag_1 and external_flag_2 here.
+// }
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(TwoBoolSequence, FlagDependentTest,
+//                         Combine(Bool(), Bool()));
+//
+template <typename Generator1, typename Generator2>
+internal::CartesianProductHolder2<Generator1, Generator2> Combine(
+    const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2) {
+  return internal::CartesianProductHolder2<Generator1, Generator2>(
+      g1, g2);
+}
+
+template <typename Generator1, typename Generator2, typename Generator3>
+internal::CartesianProductHolder3<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3> Combine(
+    const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2, const Generator3& g3) {
+  return internal::CartesianProductHolder3<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3>(
+      g1, g2, g3);
+}
+
+template <typename Generator1, typename Generator2, typename Generator3,
+    typename Generator4>
+internal::CartesianProductHolder4<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
+    Generator4> Combine(
+    const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2, const Generator3& g3,
+        const Generator4& g4) {
+  return internal::CartesianProductHolder4<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
+      Generator4>(
+      g1, g2, g3, g4);
+}
+
+template <typename Generator1, typename Generator2, typename Generator3,
+    typename Generator4, typename Generator5>
+internal::CartesianProductHolder5<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
+    Generator4, Generator5> Combine(
+    const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2, const Generator3& g3,
+        const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5) {
+  return internal::CartesianProductHolder5<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
+      Generator4, Generator5>(
+      g1, g2, g3, g4, g5);
+}
+
+template <typename Generator1, typename Generator2, typename Generator3,
+    typename Generator4, typename Generator5, typename Generator6>
+internal::CartesianProductHolder6<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
+    Generator4, Generator5, Generator6> Combine(
+    const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2, const Generator3& g3,
+        const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5, const Generator6& g6) {
+  return internal::CartesianProductHolder6<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
+      Generator4, Generator5, Generator6>(
+      g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6);
+}
+
+template <typename Generator1, typename Generator2, typename Generator3,
+    typename Generator4, typename Generator5, typename Generator6,
+    typename Generator7>
+internal::CartesianProductHolder7<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
+    Generator4, Generator5, Generator6, Generator7> Combine(
+    const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2, const Generator3& g3,
+        const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5, const Generator6& g6,
+        const Generator7& g7) {
+  return internal::CartesianProductHolder7<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
+      Generator4, Generator5, Generator6, Generator7>(
+      g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6, g7);
+}
+
+template <typename Generator1, typename Generator2, typename Generator3,
+    typename Generator4, typename Generator5, typename Generator6,
+    typename Generator7, typename Generator8>
+internal::CartesianProductHolder8<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
+    Generator4, Generator5, Generator6, Generator7, Generator8> Combine(
+    const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2, const Generator3& g3,
+        const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5, const Generator6& g6,
+        const Generator7& g7, const Generator8& g8) {
+  return internal::CartesianProductHolder8<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
+      Generator4, Generator5, Generator6, Generator7, Generator8>(
+      g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6, g7, g8);
+}
+
+template <typename Generator1, typename Generator2, typename Generator3,
+    typename Generator4, typename Generator5, typename Generator6,
+    typename Generator7, typename Generator8, typename Generator9>
+internal::CartesianProductHolder9<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
+    Generator4, Generator5, Generator6, Generator7, Generator8,
+    Generator9> Combine(
+    const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2, const Generator3& g3,
+        const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5, const Generator6& g6,
+        const Generator7& g7, const Generator8& g8, const Generator9& g9) {
+  return internal::CartesianProductHolder9<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
+      Generator4, Generator5, Generator6, Generator7, Generator8, Generator9>(
+      g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6, g7, g8, g9);
+}
+
+template <typename Generator1, typename Generator2, typename Generator3,
+    typename Generator4, typename Generator5, typename Generator6,
+    typename Generator7, typename Generator8, typename Generator9,
+    typename Generator10>
+internal::CartesianProductHolder10<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
+    Generator4, Generator5, Generator6, Generator7, Generator8, Generator9,
+    Generator10> Combine(
+    const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2, const Generator3& g3,
+        const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5, const Generator6& g6,
+        const Generator7& g7, const Generator8& g8, const Generator9& g9,
+        const Generator10& g10) {
+  return internal::CartesianProductHolder10<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
+      Generator4, Generator5, Generator6, Generator7, Generator8, Generator9,
+      Generator10>(
+      g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6, g7, g8, g9, g10);
+}
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
+
+
+
+# define TEST_P(test_case_name, test_name) \
+  class GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name) \
+      : public test_case_name { \
+   public: \
+    GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)() {} \
+    virtual void TestBody(); \
+   private: \
+    static int AddToRegistry() { \
+      ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->parameterized_test_registry(). \
+          GetTestCasePatternHolder<test_case_name>(\
+              #test_case_name, \
+              ::testing::internal::CodeLocation(\
+                  __FILE__, __LINE__))->AddTestPattern(\
+                      #test_case_name, \
+                      #test_name, \
+                      new ::testing::internal::TestMetaFactory< \
+                          GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(\
+                              test_case_name, test_name)>()); \
+      return 0; \
+    } \
+    static int gtest_registering_dummy_ GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_; \
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(\
+        GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)); \
+  }; \
+  int GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, \
+                             test_name)::gtest_registering_dummy_ = \
+      GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)::AddToRegistry(); \
+  void GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)::TestBody()
+
+// The optional last argument to INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P allows the user
+// to specify a function or functor that generates custom test name suffixes
+// based on the test parameters. The function should accept one argument of
+// type testing::TestParamInfo<class ParamType>, and return std::string.
+//
+// testing::PrintToStringParamName is a builtin test suffix generator that
+// returns the value of testing::PrintToString(GetParam()). It does not work
+// for std::string or C strings.
+//
+// Note: test names must be non-empty, unique, and may only contain ASCII
+// alphanumeric characters or underscore.
+
+# define INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(prefix, test_case_name, generator, ...) \
+  ::testing::internal::ParamGenerator<test_case_name::ParamType> \
+      gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerator_() { return generator; } \
+  ::std::string gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerateName_( \
+      const ::testing::TestParamInfo<test_case_name::ParamType>& info) { \
+    return ::testing::internal::GetParamNameGen<test_case_name::ParamType> \
+        (__VA_ARGS__)(info); \
+  } \
+  int gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_dummy_ GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ = \
+      ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->parameterized_test_registry(). \
+          GetTestCasePatternHolder<test_case_name>(\
+              #test_case_name, \
+              ::testing::internal::CodeLocation(\
+                  __FILE__, __LINE__))->AddTestCaseInstantiation(\
+                      #prefix, \
+                      &gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerator_, \
+                      &gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerateName_, \
+                      __FILE__, __LINE__)
+
+}  // namespace testing
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PARAM_TEST_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.pump b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.pump
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3078d6d2a19d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.pump
@@ -0,0 +1,510 @@
+$$ -*- mode: c++; -*-
+$var n = 50  $$ Maximum length of Values arguments we want to support.
+$var maxtuple = 10  $$ Maximum number of Combine arguments we want to support.
+// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Authors: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
+//
+// Macros and functions for implementing parameterized tests
+// in Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+//
+// This file is generated by a SCRIPT.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
+//
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PARAM_TEST_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PARAM_TEST_H_
+
+
+// Value-parameterized tests allow you to test your code with different
+// parameters without writing multiple copies of the same test.
+//
+// Here is how you use value-parameterized tests:
+
+#if 0
+
+// To write value-parameterized tests, first you should define a fixture
+// class. It is usually derived from testing::TestWithParam<T> (see below for
+// another inheritance scheme that's sometimes useful in more complicated
+// class hierarchies), where the type of your parameter values.
+// TestWithParam<T> is itself derived from testing::Test. T can be any
+// copyable type. If it's a raw pointer, you are responsible for managing the
+// lifespan of the pointed values.
+
+class FooTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<const char*> {
+  // You can implement all the usual class fixture members here.
+};
+
+// Then, use the TEST_P macro to define as many parameterized tests
+// for this fixture as you want. The _P suffix is for "parameterized"
+// or "pattern", whichever you prefer to think.
+
+TEST_P(FooTest, DoesBlah) {
+  // Inside a test, access the test parameter with the GetParam() method
+  // of the TestWithParam<T> class:
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo.Blah(GetParam()));
+  ...
+}
+
+TEST_P(FooTest, HasBlahBlah) {
+  ...
+}
+
+// Finally, you can use INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P to instantiate the test
+// case with any set of parameters you want. Google Test defines a number
+// of functions for generating test parameters. They return what we call
+// (surprise!) parameter generators. Here is a  summary of them, which
+// are all in the testing namespace:
+//
+//
+//  Range(begin, end [, step]) - Yields values {begin, begin+step,
+//                               begin+step+step, ...}. The values do not
+//                               include end. step defaults to 1.
+//  Values(v1, v2, ..., vN)    - Yields values {v1, v2, ..., vN}.
+//  ValuesIn(container)        - Yields values from a C-style array, an STL
+//  ValuesIn(begin,end)          container, or an iterator range [begin, end).
+//  Bool()                     - Yields sequence {false, true}.
+//  Combine(g1, g2, ..., gN)   - Yields all combinations (the Cartesian product
+//                               for the math savvy) of the values generated
+//                               by the N generators.
+//
+// For more details, see comments at the definitions of these functions below
+// in this file.
+//
+// The following statement will instantiate tests from the FooTest test case
+// each with parameter values "meeny", "miny", and "moe".
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(InstantiationName,
+                        FooTest,
+                        Values("meeny", "miny", "moe"));
+
+// To distinguish different instances of the pattern, (yes, you
+// can instantiate it more then once) the first argument to the
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P macro is a prefix that will be added to the
+// actual test case name. Remember to pick unique prefixes for different
+// instantiations. The tests from the instantiation above will have
+// these names:
+//
+//    * InstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/0 for "meeny"
+//    * InstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/1 for "miny"
+//    * InstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/2 for "moe"
+//    * InstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/0 for "meeny"
+//    * InstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/1 for "miny"
+//    * InstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/2 for "moe"
+//
+// You can use these names in --gtest_filter.
+//
+// This statement will instantiate all tests from FooTest again, each
+// with parameter values "cat" and "dog":
+
+const char* pets[] = {"cat", "dog"};
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(AnotherInstantiationName, FooTest, ValuesIn(pets));
+
+// The tests from the instantiation above will have these names:
+//
+//    * AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/0 for "cat"
+//    * AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/1 for "dog"
+//    * AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/0 for "cat"
+//    * AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/1 for "dog"
+//
+// Please note that INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P will instantiate all tests
+// in the given test case, whether their definitions come before or
+// AFTER the INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P statement.
+//
+// Please also note that generator expressions (including parameters to the
+// generators) are evaluated in InitGoogleTest(), after main() has started.
+// This allows the user on one hand, to adjust generator parameters in order
+// to dynamically determine a set of tests to run and on the other hand,
+// give the user a chance to inspect the generated tests with Google Test
+// reflection API before RUN_ALL_TESTS() is executed.
+//
+// You can see samples/sample7_unittest.cc and samples/sample8_unittest.cc
+// for more examples.
+//
+// In the future, we plan to publish the API for defining new parameter
+// generators. But for now this interface remains part of the internal
+// implementation and is subject to change.
+//
+//
+// A parameterized test fixture must be derived from testing::Test and from
+// testing::WithParamInterface<T>, where T is the type of the parameter
+// values. Inheriting from TestWithParam<T> satisfies that requirement because
+// TestWithParam<T> inherits from both Test and WithParamInterface. In more
+// complicated hierarchies, however, it is occasionally useful to inherit
+// separately from Test and WithParamInterface. For example:
+
+class BaseTest : public ::testing::Test {
+  // You can inherit all the usual members for a non-parameterized test
+  // fixture here.
+};
+
+class DerivedTest : public BaseTest, public ::testing::WithParamInterface<int> {
+  // The usual test fixture members go here too.
+};
+
+TEST_F(BaseTest, HasFoo) {
+  // This is an ordinary non-parameterized test.
+}
+
+TEST_P(DerivedTest, DoesBlah) {
+  // GetParam works just the same here as if you inherit from TestWithParam.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo.Blah(GetParam()));
+}
+
+#endif  // 0
+
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+
+#if !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+# include <utility>
+#endif
+
+// scripts/fuse_gtest.py depends on gtest's own header being #included
+// *unconditionally*.  Therefore these #includes cannot be moved
+// inside #if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST.
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h"
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+namespace testing {
+
+// Functions producing parameter generators.
+//
+// Google Test uses these generators to produce parameters for value-
+// parameterized tests. When a parameterized test case is instantiated
+// with a particular generator, Google Test creates and runs tests
+// for each element in the sequence produced by the generator.
+//
+// In the following sample, tests from test case FooTest are instantiated
+// each three times with parameter values 3, 5, and 8:
+//
+// class FooTest : public TestWithParam<int> { ... };
+//
+// TEST_P(FooTest, TestThis) {
+// }
+// TEST_P(FooTest, TestThat) {
+// }
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(TestSequence, FooTest, Values(3, 5, 8));
+//
+
+// Range() returns generators providing sequences of values in a range.
+//
+// Synopsis:
+// Range(start, end)
+//   - returns a generator producing a sequence of values {start, start+1,
+//     start+2, ..., }.
+// Range(start, end, step)
+//   - returns a generator producing a sequence of values {start, start+step,
+//     start+step+step, ..., }.
+// Notes:
+//   * The generated sequences never include end. For example, Range(1, 5)
+//     returns a generator producing a sequence {1, 2, 3, 4}. Range(1, 9, 2)
+//     returns a generator producing {1, 3, 5, 7}.
+//   * start and end must have the same type. That type may be any integral or
+//     floating-point type or a user defined type satisfying these conditions:
+//     * It must be assignable (have operator=() defined).
+//     * It must have operator+() (operator+(int-compatible type) for
+//       two-operand version).
+//     * It must have operator<() defined.
+//     Elements in the resulting sequences will also have that type.
+//   * Condition start < end must be satisfied in order for resulting sequences
+//     to contain any elements.
+//
+template <typename T, typename IncrementT>
+internal::ParamGenerator<T> Range(T start, T end, IncrementT step) {
+  return internal::ParamGenerator<T>(
+      new internal::RangeGenerator<T, IncrementT>(start, end, step));
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+internal::ParamGenerator<T> Range(T start, T end) {
+  return Range(start, end, 1);
+}
+
+// ValuesIn() function allows generation of tests with parameters coming from
+// a container.
+//
+// Synopsis:
+// ValuesIn(const T (&array)[N])
+//   - returns a generator producing sequences with elements from
+//     a C-style array.
+// ValuesIn(const Container& container)
+//   - returns a generator producing sequences with elements from
+//     an STL-style container.
+// ValuesIn(Iterator begin, Iterator end)
+//   - returns a generator producing sequences with elements from
+//     a range [begin, end) defined by a pair of STL-style iterators. These
+//     iterators can also be plain C pointers.
+//
+// Please note that ValuesIn copies the values from the containers
+// passed in and keeps them to generate tests in RUN_ALL_TESTS().
+//
+// Examples:
+//
+// This instantiates tests from test case StringTest
+// each with C-string values of "foo", "bar", and "baz":
+//
+// const char* strings[] = {"foo", "bar", "baz"};
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(StringSequence, SrtingTest, ValuesIn(strings));
+//
+// This instantiates tests from test case StlStringTest
+// each with STL strings with values "a" and "b":
+//
+// ::std::vector< ::std::string> GetParameterStrings() {
+//   ::std::vector< ::std::string> v;
+//   v.push_back("a");
+//   v.push_back("b");
+//   return v;
+// }
+//
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(CharSequence,
+//                         StlStringTest,
+//                         ValuesIn(GetParameterStrings()));
+//
+//
+// This will also instantiate tests from CharTest
+// each with parameter values 'a' and 'b':
+//
+// ::std::list<char> GetParameterChars() {
+//   ::std::list<char> list;
+//   list.push_back('a');
+//   list.push_back('b');
+//   return list;
+// }
+// ::std::list<char> l = GetParameterChars();
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(CharSequence2,
+//                         CharTest,
+//                         ValuesIn(l.begin(), l.end()));
+//
+template <typename ForwardIterator>
+internal::ParamGenerator<
+  typename ::testing::internal::IteratorTraits<ForwardIterator>::value_type>
+ValuesIn(ForwardIterator begin, ForwardIterator end) {
+  typedef typename ::testing::internal::IteratorTraits<ForwardIterator>
+      ::value_type ParamType;
+  return internal::ParamGenerator<ParamType>(
+      new internal::ValuesInIteratorRangeGenerator<ParamType>(begin, end));
+}
+
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+internal::ParamGenerator<T> ValuesIn(const T (&array)[N]) {
+  return ValuesIn(array, array + N);
+}
+
+template <class Container>
+internal::ParamGenerator<typename Container::value_type> ValuesIn(
+    const Container& container) {
+  return ValuesIn(container.begin(), container.end());
+}
+
+// Values() allows generating tests from explicitly specified list of
+// parameters.
+//
+// Synopsis:
+// Values(T v1, T v2, ..., T vN)
+//   - returns a generator producing sequences with elements v1, v2, ..., vN.
+//
+// For example, this instantiates tests from test case BarTest each
+// with values "one", "two", and "three":
+//
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(NumSequence, BarTest, Values("one", "two", "three"));
+//
+// This instantiates tests from test case BazTest each with values 1, 2, 3.5.
+// The exact type of values will depend on the type of parameter in BazTest.
+//
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(FloatingNumbers, BazTest, Values(1, 2, 3.5));
+//
+// Currently, Values() supports from 1 to $n parameters.
+//
+$range i 1..n
+$for i [[
+$range j 1..i
+
+template <$for j, [[typename T$j]]>
+internal::ValueArray$i<$for j, [[T$j]]> Values($for j, [[T$j v$j]]) {
+  return internal::ValueArray$i<$for j, [[T$j]]>($for j, [[v$j]]);
+}
+
+]]
+
+// Bool() allows generating tests with parameters in a set of (false, true).
+//
+// Synopsis:
+// Bool()
+//   - returns a generator producing sequences with elements {false, true}.
+//
+// It is useful when testing code that depends on Boolean flags. Combinations
+// of multiple flags can be tested when several Bool()'s are combined using
+// Combine() function.
+//
+// In the following example all tests in the test case FlagDependentTest
+// will be instantiated twice with parameters false and true.
+//
+// class FlagDependentTest : public testing::TestWithParam<bool> {
+//   virtual void SetUp() {
+//     external_flag = GetParam();
+//   }
+// }
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(BoolSequence, FlagDependentTest, Bool());
+//
+inline internal::ParamGenerator<bool> Bool() {
+  return Values(false, true);
+}
+
+# if GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
+// Combine() allows the user to combine two or more sequences to produce
+// values of a Cartesian product of those sequences' elements.
+//
+// Synopsis:
+// Combine(gen1, gen2, ..., genN)
+//   - returns a generator producing sequences with elements coming from
+//     the Cartesian product of elements from the sequences generated by
+//     gen1, gen2, ..., genN. The sequence elements will have a type of
+//     tuple<T1, T2, ..., TN> where T1, T2, ..., TN are the types
+//     of elements from sequences produces by gen1, gen2, ..., genN.
+//
+// Combine can have up to $maxtuple arguments. This number is currently limited
+// by the maximum number of elements in the tuple implementation used by Google
+// Test.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+// This will instantiate tests in test case AnimalTest each one with
+// the parameter values tuple("cat", BLACK), tuple("cat", WHITE),
+// tuple("dog", BLACK), and tuple("dog", WHITE):
+//
+// enum Color { BLACK, GRAY, WHITE };
+// class AnimalTest
+//     : public testing::TestWithParam<tuple<const char*, Color> > {...};
+//
+// TEST_P(AnimalTest, AnimalLooksNice) {...}
+//
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(AnimalVariations, AnimalTest,
+//                         Combine(Values("cat", "dog"),
+//                                 Values(BLACK, WHITE)));
+//
+// This will instantiate tests in FlagDependentTest with all variations of two
+// Boolean flags:
+//
+// class FlagDependentTest
+//     : public testing::TestWithParam<tuple<bool, bool> > {
+//   virtual void SetUp() {
+//     // Assigns external_flag_1 and external_flag_2 values from the tuple.
+//     tie(external_flag_1, external_flag_2) = GetParam();
+//   }
+// };
+//
+// TEST_P(FlagDependentTest, TestFeature1) {
+//   // Test your code using external_flag_1 and external_flag_2 here.
+// }
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(TwoBoolSequence, FlagDependentTest,
+//                         Combine(Bool(), Bool()));
+//
+$range i 2..maxtuple
+$for i [[
+$range j 1..i
+
+template <$for j, [[typename Generator$j]]>
+internal::CartesianProductHolder$i<$for j, [[Generator$j]]> Combine(
+    $for j, [[const Generator$j& g$j]]) {
+  return internal::CartesianProductHolder$i<$for j, [[Generator$j]]>(
+      $for j, [[g$j]]);
+}
+
+]]
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
+
+
+
+# define TEST_P(test_case_name, test_name) \
+  class GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name) \
+      : public test_case_name { \
+   public: \
+    GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)() {} \
+    virtual void TestBody(); \
+   private: \
+    static int AddToRegistry() { \
+      ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->parameterized_test_registry(). \
+          GetTestCasePatternHolder<test_case_name>(\
+              #test_case_name, \
+              ::testing::internal::CodeLocation(\
+                  __FILE__, __LINE__))->AddTestPattern(\
+                      #test_case_name, \
+                      #test_name, \
+                      new ::testing::internal::TestMetaFactory< \
+                          GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(\
+                              test_case_name, test_name)>()); \
+      return 0; \
+    } \
+    static int gtest_registering_dummy_ GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_; \
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(\
+        GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)); \
+  }; \
+  int GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, \
+                             test_name)::gtest_registering_dummy_ = \
+      GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)::AddToRegistry(); \
+  void GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)::TestBody()
+
+// The optional last argument to INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P allows the user
+// to specify a function or functor that generates custom test name suffixes
+// based on the test parameters. The function should accept one argument of
+// type testing::TestParamInfo<class ParamType>, and return std::string.
+//
+// testing::PrintToStringParamName is a builtin test suffix generator that
+// returns the value of testing::PrintToString(GetParam()).
+//
+// Note: test names must be non-empty, unique, and may only contain ASCII
+// alphanumeric characters or underscore. Because PrintToString adds quotes
+// to std::string and C strings, it won't work for these types.
+
+# define INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(prefix, test_case_name, generator, ...) \
+  ::testing::internal::ParamGenerator<test_case_name::ParamType> \
+      gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerator_() { return generator; } \
+  ::std::string gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerateName_( \
+      const ::testing::TestParamInfo<test_case_name::ParamType>& info) { \
+    return ::testing::internal::GetParamNameGen<test_case_name::ParamType> \
+        (__VA_ARGS__)(info); \
+  } \
+  int gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_dummy_ GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ = \
+      ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->parameterized_test_registry(). \
+          GetTestCasePatternHolder<test_case_name>(\
+              #test_case_name, \
+              ::testing::internal::CodeLocation(\
+                  __FILE__, __LINE__))->AddTestCaseInstantiation(\
+                      #prefix, \
+                      &gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerator_, \
+                      &gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerateName_, \
+                      __FILE__, __LINE__)
+
+}  // namespace testing
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PARAM_TEST_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8a33164cb38a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,993 @@
+// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+// Google Test - The Google C++ Testing Framework
+//
+// This file implements a universal value printer that can print a
+// value of any type T:
+//
+//   void ::testing::internal::UniversalPrinter<T>::Print(value, ostream_ptr);
+//
+// A user can teach this function how to print a class type T by
+// defining either operator<<() or PrintTo() in the namespace that
+// defines T.  More specifically, the FIRST defined function in the
+// following list will be used (assuming T is defined in namespace
+// foo):
+//
+//   1. foo::PrintTo(const T&, ostream*)
+//   2. operator<<(ostream&, const T&) defined in either foo or the
+//      global namespace.
+//
+// If none of the above is defined, it will print the debug string of
+// the value if it is a protocol buffer, or print the raw bytes in the
+// value otherwise.
+//
+// To aid debugging: when T is a reference type, the address of the
+// value is also printed; when T is a (const) char pointer, both the
+// pointer value and the NUL-terminated string it points to are
+// printed.
+//
+// We also provide some convenient wrappers:
+//
+//   // Prints a value to a string.  For a (const or not) char
+//   // pointer, the NUL-terminated string (but not the pointer) is
+//   // printed.
+//   std::string ::testing::PrintToString(const T& value);
+//
+//   // Prints a value tersely: for a reference type, the referenced
+//   // value (but not the address) is printed; for a (const or not) char
+//   // pointer, the NUL-terminated string (but not the pointer) is
+//   // printed.
+//   void ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrint(const T& value, ostream*);
+//
+//   // Prints value using the type inferred by the compiler.  The difference
+//   // from UniversalTersePrint() is that this function prints both the
+//   // pointer and the NUL-terminated string for a (const or not) char pointer.
+//   void ::testing::internal::UniversalPrint(const T& value, ostream*);
+//
+//   // Prints the fields of a tuple tersely to a string vector, one
+//   // element for each field. Tuple support must be enabled in
+//   // gtest-port.h.
+//   std::vector<string> UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
+//       const Tuple& value);
+//
+// Known limitation:
+//
+// The print primitives print the elements of an STL-style container
+// using the compiler-inferred type of *iter where iter is a
+// const_iterator of the container.  When const_iterator is an input
+// iterator but not a forward iterator, this inferred type may not
+// match value_type, and the print output may be incorrect.  In
+// practice, this is rarely a problem as for most containers
+// const_iterator is a forward iterator.  We'll fix this if there's an
+// actual need for it.  Note that this fix cannot rely on value_type
+// being defined as many user-defined container types don't have
+// value_type.
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRINTERS_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRINTERS_H_
+
+#include <ostream>  // NOLINT
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+# include <tuple>
+#endif
+
+namespace testing {
+
+// Definitions in the 'internal' and 'internal2' name spaces are
+// subject to change without notice.  DO NOT USE THEM IN USER CODE!
+namespace internal2 {
+
+// Prints the given number of bytes in the given object to the given
+// ostream.
+GTEST_API_ void PrintBytesInObjectTo(const unsigned char* obj_bytes,
+                                     size_t count,
+                                     ::std::ostream* os);
+
+// For selecting which printer to use when a given type has neither <<
+// nor PrintTo().
+enum TypeKind {
+  kProtobuf,              // a protobuf type
+  kConvertibleToInteger,  // a type implicitly convertible to BiggestInt
+                          // (e.g. a named or unnamed enum type)
+  kOtherType              // anything else
+};
+
+// TypeWithoutFormatter<T, kTypeKind>::PrintValue(value, os) is called
+// by the universal printer to print a value of type T when neither
+// operator<< nor PrintTo() is defined for T, where kTypeKind is the
+// "kind" of T as defined by enum TypeKind.
+template <typename T, TypeKind kTypeKind>
+class TypeWithoutFormatter {
+ public:
+  // This default version is called when kTypeKind is kOtherType.
+  static void PrintValue(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    PrintBytesInObjectTo(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(&value),
+                         sizeof(value), os);
+  }
+};
+
+// We print a protobuf using its ShortDebugString() when the string
+// doesn't exceed this many characters; otherwise we print it using
+// DebugString() for better readability.
+const size_t kProtobufOneLinerMaxLength = 50;
+
+template <typename T>
+class TypeWithoutFormatter<T, kProtobuf> {
+ public:
+  static void PrintValue(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    const ::testing::internal::string short_str = value.ShortDebugString();
+    const ::testing::internal::string pretty_str =
+        short_str.length() <= kProtobufOneLinerMaxLength ?
+        short_str : ("\n" + value.DebugString());
+    *os << ("<" + pretty_str + ">");
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class TypeWithoutFormatter<T, kConvertibleToInteger> {
+ public:
+  // Since T has no << operator or PrintTo() but can be implicitly
+  // converted to BiggestInt, we print it as a BiggestInt.
+  //
+  // Most likely T is an enum type (either named or unnamed), in which
+  // case printing it as an integer is the desired behavior.  In case
+  // T is not an enum, printing it as an integer is the best we can do
+  // given that it has no user-defined printer.
+  static void PrintValue(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    const internal::BiggestInt kBigInt = value;
+    *os << kBigInt;
+  }
+};
+
+// Prints the given value to the given ostream.  If the value is a
+// protocol message, its debug string is printed; if it's an enum or
+// of a type implicitly convertible to BiggestInt, it's printed as an
+// integer; otherwise the bytes in the value are printed.  This is
+// what UniversalPrinter<T>::Print() does when it knows nothing about
+// type T and T has neither << operator nor PrintTo().
+//
+// A user can override this behavior for a class type Foo by defining
+// a << operator in the namespace where Foo is defined.
+//
+// We put this operator in namespace 'internal2' instead of 'internal'
+// to simplify the implementation, as much code in 'internal' needs to
+// use << in STL, which would conflict with our own << were it defined
+// in 'internal'.
+//
+// Note that this operator<< takes a generic std::basic_ostream<Char,
+// CharTraits> type instead of the more restricted std::ostream.  If
+// we define it to take an std::ostream instead, we'll get an
+// "ambiguous overloads" compiler error when trying to print a type
+// Foo that supports streaming to std::basic_ostream<Char,
+// CharTraits>, as the compiler cannot tell whether
+// operator<<(std::ostream&, const T&) or
+// operator<<(std::basic_stream<Char, CharTraits>, const Foo&) is more
+// specific.
+template <typename Char, typename CharTraits, typename T>
+::std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& operator<<(
+    ::std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& os, const T& x) {
+  TypeWithoutFormatter<T,
+      (internal::IsAProtocolMessage<T>::value ? kProtobuf :
+       internal::ImplicitlyConvertible<const T&, internal::BiggestInt>::value ?
+       kConvertibleToInteger : kOtherType)>::PrintValue(x, &os);
+  return os;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal2
+}  // namespace testing
+
+// This namespace MUST NOT BE NESTED IN ::testing, or the name look-up
+// magic needed for implementing UniversalPrinter won't work.
+namespace testing_internal {
+
+// Used to print a value that is not an STL-style container when the
+// user doesn't define PrintTo() for it.
+template <typename T>
+void DefaultPrintNonContainerTo(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  // With the following statement, during unqualified name lookup,
+  // testing::internal2::operator<< appears as if it was declared in
+  // the nearest enclosing namespace that contains both
+  // ::testing_internal and ::testing::internal2, i.e. the global
+  // namespace.  For more details, refer to the C++ Standard section
+  // 7.3.4-1 [namespace.udir].  This allows us to fall back onto
+  // testing::internal2::operator<< in case T doesn't come with a <<
+  // operator.
+  //
+  // We cannot write 'using ::testing::internal2::operator<<;', which
+  // gcc 3.3 fails to compile due to a compiler bug.
+  using namespace ::testing::internal2;  // NOLINT
+
+  // Assuming T is defined in namespace foo, in the next statement,
+  // the compiler will consider all of:
+  //
+  //   1. foo::operator<< (thanks to Koenig look-up),
+  //   2. ::operator<< (as the current namespace is enclosed in ::),
+  //   3. testing::internal2::operator<< (thanks to the using statement above).
+  //
+  // The operator<< whose type matches T best will be picked.
+  //
+  // We deliberately allow #2 to be a candidate, as sometimes it's
+  // impossible to define #1 (e.g. when foo is ::std, defining
+  // anything in it is undefined behavior unless you are a compiler
+  // vendor.).
+  *os << value;
+}
+
+}  // namespace testing_internal
+
+namespace testing {
+namespace internal {
+
+// FormatForComparison<ToPrint, OtherOperand>::Format(value) formats a
+// value of type ToPrint that is an operand of a comparison assertion
+// (e.g. ASSERT_EQ).  OtherOperand is the type of the other operand in
+// the comparison, and is used to help determine the best way to
+// format the value.  In particular, when the value is a C string
+// (char pointer) and the other operand is an STL string object, we
+// want to format the C string as a string, since we know it is
+// compared by value with the string object.  If the value is a char
+// pointer but the other operand is not an STL string object, we don't
+// know whether the pointer is supposed to point to a NUL-terminated
+// string, and thus want to print it as a pointer to be safe.
+//
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+
+// The default case.
+template <typename ToPrint, typename OtherOperand>
+class FormatForComparison {
+ public:
+  static ::std::string Format(const ToPrint& value) {
+    return ::testing::PrintToString(value);
+  }
+};
+
+// Array.
+template <typename ToPrint, size_t N, typename OtherOperand>
+class FormatForComparison<ToPrint[N], OtherOperand> {
+ public:
+  static ::std::string Format(const ToPrint* value) {
+    return FormatForComparison<const ToPrint*, OtherOperand>::Format(value);
+  }
+};
+
+// By default, print C string as pointers to be safe, as we don't know
+// whether they actually point to a NUL-terminated string.
+
+#define GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_(CharType)                \
+  template <typename OtherOperand>                                      \
+  class FormatForComparison<CharType*, OtherOperand> {                  \
+   public:                                                              \
+    static ::std::string Format(CharType* value) {                      \
+      return ::testing::PrintToString(static_cast<const void*>(value)); \
+    }                                                                   \
+  }
+
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_(char);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_(const char);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_(wchar_t);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_(const wchar_t);
+
+#undef GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_
+
+// If a C string is compared with an STL string object, we know it's meant
+// to point to a NUL-terminated string, and thus can print it as a string.
+
+#define GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(CharType, OtherStringType) \
+  template <>                                                           \
+  class FormatForComparison<CharType*, OtherStringType> {               \
+   public:                                                              \
+    static ::std::string Format(CharType* value) {                      \
+      return ::testing::PrintToString(value);                           \
+    }                                                                   \
+  }
+
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(char, ::std::string);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(const char, ::std::string);
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(char, ::string);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(const char, ::string);
+#endif
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(wchar_t, ::wstring);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(const wchar_t, ::wstring);
+#endif
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(wchar_t, ::std::wstring);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(const wchar_t, ::std::wstring);
+#endif
+
+#undef GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_
+
+// Formats a comparison assertion (e.g. ASSERT_EQ, EXPECT_LT, and etc)
+// operand to be used in a failure message.  The type (but not value)
+// of the other operand may affect the format.  This allows us to
+// print a char* as a raw pointer when it is compared against another
+// char* or void*, and print it as a C string when it is compared
+// against an std::string object, for example.
+//
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+std::string FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(
+    const T1& value, const T2& /* other_operand */) {
+  return FormatForComparison<T1, T2>::Format(value);
+}
+
+// UniversalPrinter<T>::Print(value, ostream_ptr) prints the given
+// value to the given ostream.  The caller must ensure that
+// 'ostream_ptr' is not NULL, or the behavior is undefined.
+//
+// We define UniversalPrinter as a class template (as opposed to a
+// function template), as we need to partially specialize it for
+// reference types, which cannot be done with function templates.
+template <typename T>
+class UniversalPrinter;
+
+template <typename T>
+void UniversalPrint(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os);
+
+// Used to print an STL-style container when the user doesn't define
+// a PrintTo() for it.
+template <typename C>
+void DefaultPrintTo(IsContainer /* dummy */,
+                    false_type /* is not a pointer */,
+                    const C& container, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  const size_t kMaxCount = 32;  // The maximum number of elements to print.
+  *os << '{';
+  size_t count = 0;
+  for (typename C::const_iterator it = container.begin();
+       it != container.end(); ++it, ++count) {
+    if (count > 0) {
+      *os << ',';
+      if (count == kMaxCount) {  // Enough has been printed.
+        *os << " ...";
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    *os << ' ';
+    // We cannot call PrintTo(*it, os) here as PrintTo() doesn't
+    // handle *it being a native array.
+    internal::UniversalPrint(*it, os);
+  }
+
+  if (count > 0) {
+    *os << ' ';
+  }
+  *os << '}';
+}
+
+// Used to print a pointer that is neither a char pointer nor a member
+// pointer, when the user doesn't define PrintTo() for it.  (A member
+// variable pointer or member function pointer doesn't really point to
+// a location in the address space.  Their representation is
+// implementation-defined.  Therefore they will be printed as raw
+// bytes.)
+template <typename T>
+void DefaultPrintTo(IsNotContainer /* dummy */,
+                    true_type /* is a pointer */,
+                    T* p, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  if (p == NULL) {
+    *os << "NULL";
+  } else {
+    // C++ doesn't allow casting from a function pointer to any object
+    // pointer.
+    //
+    // IsTrue() silences warnings: "Condition is always true",
+    // "unreachable code".
+    if (IsTrue(ImplicitlyConvertible<T*, const void*>::value)) {
+      // T is not a function type.  We just call << to print p,
+      // relying on ADL to pick up user-defined << for their pointer
+      // types, if any.
+      *os << p;
+    } else {
+      // T is a function type, so '*os << p' doesn't do what we want
+      // (it just prints p as bool).  We want to print p as a const
+      // void*.  However, we cannot cast it to const void* directly,
+      // even using reinterpret_cast, as earlier versions of gcc
+      // (e.g. 3.4.5) cannot compile the cast when p is a function
+      // pointer.  Casting to UInt64 first solves the problem.
+      *os << reinterpret_cast<const void*>(
+          reinterpret_cast<internal::UInt64>(p));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Used to print a non-container, non-pointer value when the user
+// doesn't define PrintTo() for it.
+template <typename T>
+void DefaultPrintTo(IsNotContainer /* dummy */,
+                    false_type /* is not a pointer */,
+                    const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  ::testing_internal::DefaultPrintNonContainerTo(value, os);
+}
+
+// Prints the given value using the << operator if it has one;
+// otherwise prints the bytes in it.  This is what
+// UniversalPrinter<T>::Print() does when PrintTo() is not specialized
+// or overloaded for type T.
+//
+// A user can override this behavior for a class type Foo by defining
+// an overload of PrintTo() in the namespace where Foo is defined.  We
+// give the user this option as sometimes defining a << operator for
+// Foo is not desirable (e.g. the coding style may prevent doing it,
+// or there is already a << operator but it doesn't do what the user
+// wants).
+template <typename T>
+void PrintTo(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  // DefaultPrintTo() is overloaded.  The type of its first two
+  // arguments determine which version will be picked.  If T is an
+  // STL-style container, the version for container will be called; if
+  // T is a pointer, the pointer version will be called; otherwise the
+  // generic version will be called.
+  //
+  // Note that we check for container types here, prior to we check
+  // for protocol message types in our operator<<.  The rationale is:
+  //
+  // For protocol messages, we want to give people a chance to
+  // override Google Mock's format by defining a PrintTo() or
+  // operator<<.  For STL containers, other formats can be
+  // incompatible with Google Mock's format for the container
+  // elements; therefore we check for container types here to ensure
+  // that our format is used.
+  //
+  // The second argument of DefaultPrintTo() is needed to bypass a bug
+  // in Symbian's C++ compiler that prevents it from picking the right
+  // overload between:
+  //
+  //   PrintTo(const T& x, ...);
+  //   PrintTo(T* x, ...);
+  DefaultPrintTo(IsContainerTest<T>(0), is_pointer<T>(), value, os);
+}
+
+// The following list of PrintTo() overloads tells
+// UniversalPrinter<T>::Print() how to print standard types (built-in
+// types, strings, plain arrays, and pointers).
+
+// Overloads for various char types.
+GTEST_API_ void PrintTo(unsigned char c, ::std::ostream* os);
+GTEST_API_ void PrintTo(signed char c, ::std::ostream* os);
+inline void PrintTo(char c, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  // When printing a plain char, we always treat it as unsigned.  This
+  // way, the output won't be affected by whether the compiler thinks
+  // char is signed or not.
+  PrintTo(static_cast<unsigned char>(c), os);
+}
+
+// Overloads for other simple built-in types.
+inline void PrintTo(bool x, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  *os << (x ? "true" : "false");
+}
+
+// Overload for wchar_t type.
+// Prints a wchar_t as a symbol if it is printable or as its internal
+// code otherwise and also as its decimal code (except for L'\0').
+// The L'\0' char is printed as "L'\\0'". The decimal code is printed
+// as signed integer when wchar_t is implemented by the compiler
+// as a signed type and is printed as an unsigned integer when wchar_t
+// is implemented as an unsigned type.
+GTEST_API_ void PrintTo(wchar_t wc, ::std::ostream* os);
+
+// Overloads for C strings.
+GTEST_API_ void PrintTo(const char* s, ::std::ostream* os);
+inline void PrintTo(char* s, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTo(ImplicitCast_<const char*>(s), os);
+}
+
+// signed/unsigned char is often used for representing binary data, so
+// we print pointers to it as void* to be safe.
+inline void PrintTo(const signed char* s, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTo(ImplicitCast_<const void*>(s), os);
+}
+inline void PrintTo(signed char* s, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTo(ImplicitCast_<const void*>(s), os);
+}
+inline void PrintTo(const unsigned char* s, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTo(ImplicitCast_<const void*>(s), os);
+}
+inline void PrintTo(unsigned char* s, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTo(ImplicitCast_<const void*>(s), os);
+}
+
+// MSVC can be configured to define wchar_t as a typedef of unsigned
+// short.  It defines _NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED when wchar_t is a native
+// type.  When wchar_t is a typedef, defining an overload for const
+// wchar_t* would cause unsigned short* be printed as a wide string,
+// possibly causing invalid memory accesses.
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED)
+// Overloads for wide C strings
+GTEST_API_ void PrintTo(const wchar_t* s, ::std::ostream* os);
+inline void PrintTo(wchar_t* s, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTo(ImplicitCast_<const wchar_t*>(s), os);
+}
+#endif
+
+// Overload for C arrays.  Multi-dimensional arrays are printed
+// properly.
+
+// Prints the given number of elements in an array, without printing
+// the curly braces.
+template <typename T>
+void PrintRawArrayTo(const T a[], size_t count, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  UniversalPrint(a[0], os);
+  for (size_t i = 1; i != count; i++) {
+    *os << ", ";
+    UniversalPrint(a[i], os);
+  }
+}
+
+// Overloads for ::string and ::std::string.
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+GTEST_API_ void PrintStringTo(const ::string&s, ::std::ostream* os);
+inline void PrintTo(const ::string& s, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintStringTo(s, os);
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+GTEST_API_ void PrintStringTo(const ::std::string&s, ::std::ostream* os);
+inline void PrintTo(const ::std::string& s, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintStringTo(s, os);
+}
+
+// Overloads for ::wstring and ::std::wstring.
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+GTEST_API_ void PrintWideStringTo(const ::wstring&s, ::std::ostream* os);
+inline void PrintTo(const ::wstring& s, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintWideStringTo(s, os);
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+GTEST_API_ void PrintWideStringTo(const ::std::wstring&s, ::std::ostream* os);
+inline void PrintTo(const ::std::wstring& s, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintWideStringTo(s, os);
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+// Helper function for printing a tuple.  T must be instantiated with
+// a tuple type.
+template <typename T>
+void PrintTupleTo(const T& t, ::std::ostream* os);
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+// Overload for ::std::tr1::tuple.  Needed for printing function arguments,
+// which are packed as tuples.
+
+// Overloaded PrintTo() for tuples of various arities.  We support
+// tuples of up-to 10 fields.  The following implementation works
+// regardless of whether tr1::tuple is implemented using the
+// non-standard variadic template feature or not.
+
+inline void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple<>& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
+}
+
+template <typename T1>
+void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple<T1>& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2>& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
+void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3>& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
+void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4>& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
+void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>& t,
+             ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+          typename T6>
+void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6>& t,
+             ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+          typename T6, typename T7>
+void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7>& t,
+             ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+          typename T6, typename T7, typename T8>
+void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8>& t,
+             ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+          typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9>
+void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9>& t,
+             ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+          typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10>
+void PrintTo(
+    const ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10>& t,
+    ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+template <typename... Types>
+void PrintTo(const ::std::tuple<Types...>& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+
+// Overload for std::pair.
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+void PrintTo(const ::std::pair<T1, T2>& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  *os << '(';
+  // We cannot use UniversalPrint(value.first, os) here, as T1 may be
+  // a reference type.  The same for printing value.second.
+  UniversalPrinter<T1>::Print(value.first, os);
+  *os << ", ";
+  UniversalPrinter<T2>::Print(value.second, os);
+  *os << ')';
+}
+
+// Implements printing a non-reference type T by letting the compiler
+// pick the right overload of PrintTo() for T.
+template <typename T>
+class UniversalPrinter {
+ public:
+  // MSVC warns about adding const to a function type, so we want to
+  // disable the warning.
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4180)
+
+  // Note: we deliberately don't call this PrintTo(), as that name
+  // conflicts with ::testing::internal::PrintTo in the body of the
+  // function.
+  static void Print(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    // By default, ::testing::internal::PrintTo() is used for printing
+    // the value.
+    //
+    // Thanks to Koenig look-up, if T is a class and has its own
+    // PrintTo() function defined in its namespace, that function will
+    // be visible here.  Since it is more specific than the generic ones
+    // in ::testing::internal, it will be picked by the compiler in the
+    // following statement - exactly what we want.
+    PrintTo(value, os);
+  }
+
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+};
+
+// UniversalPrintArray(begin, len, os) prints an array of 'len'
+// elements, starting at address 'begin'.
+template <typename T>
+void UniversalPrintArray(const T* begin, size_t len, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  if (len == 0) {
+    *os << "{}";
+  } else {
+    *os << "{ ";
+    const size_t kThreshold = 18;
+    const size_t kChunkSize = 8;
+    // If the array has more than kThreshold elements, we'll have to
+    // omit some details by printing only the first and the last
+    // kChunkSize elements.
+    // TODO(wan@google.com): let the user control the threshold using a flag.
+    if (len <= kThreshold) {
+      PrintRawArrayTo(begin, len, os);
+    } else {
+      PrintRawArrayTo(begin, kChunkSize, os);
+      *os << ", ..., ";
+      PrintRawArrayTo(begin + len - kChunkSize, kChunkSize, os);
+    }
+    *os << " }";
+  }
+}
+// This overload prints a (const) char array compactly.
+GTEST_API_ void UniversalPrintArray(
+    const char* begin, size_t len, ::std::ostream* os);
+
+// This overload prints a (const) wchar_t array compactly.
+GTEST_API_ void UniversalPrintArray(
+    const wchar_t* begin, size_t len, ::std::ostream* os);
+
+// Implements printing an array type T[N].
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+class UniversalPrinter<T[N]> {
+ public:
+  // Prints the given array, omitting some elements when there are too
+  // many.
+  static void Print(const T (&a)[N], ::std::ostream* os) {
+    UniversalPrintArray(a, N, os);
+  }
+};
+
+// Implements printing a reference type T&.
+template <typename T>
+class UniversalPrinter<T&> {
+ public:
+  // MSVC warns about adding const to a function type, so we want to
+  // disable the warning.
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4180)
+
+  static void Print(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    // Prints the address of the value.  We use reinterpret_cast here
+    // as static_cast doesn't compile when T is a function type.
+    *os << "@" << reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&value) << " ";
+
+    // Then prints the value itself.
+    UniversalPrint(value, os);
+  }
+
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+};
+
+// Prints a value tersely: for a reference type, the referenced value
+// (but not the address) is printed; for a (const) char pointer, the
+// NUL-terminated string (but not the pointer) is printed.
+
+template <typename T>
+class UniversalTersePrinter {
+ public:
+  static void Print(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    UniversalPrint(value, os);
+  }
+};
+template <typename T>
+class UniversalTersePrinter<T&> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    UniversalPrint(value, os);
+  }
+};
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+class UniversalTersePrinter<T[N]> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(const T (&value)[N], ::std::ostream* os) {
+    UniversalPrinter<T[N]>::Print(value, os);
+  }
+};
+template <>
+class UniversalTersePrinter<const char*> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(const char* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    if (str == NULL) {
+      *os << "NULL";
+    } else {
+      UniversalPrint(string(str), os);
+    }
+  }
+};
+template <>
+class UniversalTersePrinter<char*> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(char* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    UniversalTersePrinter<const char*>::Print(str, os);
+  }
+};
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+template <>
+class UniversalTersePrinter<const wchar_t*> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(const wchar_t* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    if (str == NULL) {
+      *os << "NULL";
+    } else {
+      UniversalPrint(::std::wstring(str), os);
+    }
+  }
+};
+#endif
+
+template <>
+class UniversalTersePrinter<wchar_t*> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(wchar_t* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    UniversalTersePrinter<const wchar_t*>::Print(str, os);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+void UniversalTersePrint(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  UniversalTersePrinter<T>::Print(value, os);
+}
+
+// Prints a value using the type inferred by the compiler.  The
+// difference between this and UniversalTersePrint() is that for a
+// (const) char pointer, this prints both the pointer and the
+// NUL-terminated string.
+template <typename T>
+void UniversalPrint(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  // A workarond for the bug in VC++ 7.1 that prevents us from instantiating
+  // UniversalPrinter with T directly.
+  typedef T T1;
+  UniversalPrinter<T1>::Print(value, os);
+}
+
+typedef ::std::vector<string> Strings;
+
+// TuplePolicy<TupleT> must provide:
+// - tuple_size
+//     size of tuple TupleT.
+// - get<size_t I>(const TupleT& t)
+//     static function extracting element I of tuple TupleT.
+// - tuple_element<size_t I>::type
+//     type of element I of tuple TupleT.
+template <typename TupleT>
+struct TuplePolicy;
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+template <typename TupleT>
+struct TuplePolicy {
+  typedef TupleT Tuple;
+  static const size_t tuple_size = ::std::tr1::tuple_size<Tuple>::value;
+
+  template <size_t I>
+  struct tuple_element : ::std::tr1::tuple_element<I, Tuple> {};
+
+  template <size_t I>
+  static typename AddReference<
+      const typename ::std::tr1::tuple_element<I, Tuple>::type>::type get(
+      const Tuple& tuple) {
+    return ::std::tr1::get<I>(tuple);
+  }
+};
+template <typename TupleT>
+const size_t TuplePolicy<TupleT>::tuple_size;
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+template <typename... Types>
+struct TuplePolicy< ::std::tuple<Types...> > {
+  typedef ::std::tuple<Types...> Tuple;
+  static const size_t tuple_size = ::std::tuple_size<Tuple>::value;
+
+  template <size_t I>
+  struct tuple_element : ::std::tuple_element<I, Tuple> {};
+
+  template <size_t I>
+  static const typename ::std::tuple_element<I, Tuple>::type& get(
+      const Tuple& tuple) {
+    return ::std::get<I>(tuple);
+  }
+};
+template <typename... Types>
+const size_t TuplePolicy< ::std::tuple<Types...> >::tuple_size;
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+// This helper template allows PrintTo() for tuples and
+// UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings() to be defined by
+// induction on the number of tuple fields.  The idea is that
+// TuplePrefixPrinter<N>::PrintPrefixTo(t, os) prints the first N
+// fields in tuple t, and can be defined in terms of
+// TuplePrefixPrinter<N - 1>.
+//
+// The inductive case.
+template <size_t N>
+struct TuplePrefixPrinter {
+  // Prints the first N fields of a tuple.
+  template <typename Tuple>
+  static void PrintPrefixTo(const Tuple& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    TuplePrefixPrinter<N - 1>::PrintPrefixTo(t, os);
+    GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_()
+    if (N > 1) {
+    GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_()
+      *os << ", ";
+    }
+    UniversalPrinter<
+        typename TuplePolicy<Tuple>::template tuple_element<N - 1>::type>
+        ::Print(TuplePolicy<Tuple>::template get<N - 1>(t), os);
+  }
+
+  // Tersely prints the first N fields of a tuple to a string vector,
+  // one element for each field.
+  template <typename Tuple>
+  static void TersePrintPrefixToStrings(const Tuple& t, Strings* strings) {
+    TuplePrefixPrinter<N - 1>::TersePrintPrefixToStrings(t, strings);
+    ::std::stringstream ss;
+    UniversalTersePrint(TuplePolicy<Tuple>::template get<N - 1>(t), &ss);
+    strings->push_back(ss.str());
+  }
+};
+
+// Base case.
+template <>
+struct TuplePrefixPrinter<0> {
+  template <typename Tuple>
+  static void PrintPrefixTo(const Tuple&, ::std::ostream*) {}
+
+  template <typename Tuple>
+  static void TersePrintPrefixToStrings(const Tuple&, Strings*) {}
+};
+
+// Helper function for printing a tuple.
+// Tuple must be either std::tr1::tuple or std::tuple type.
+template <typename Tuple>
+void PrintTupleTo(const Tuple& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  *os << "(";
+  TuplePrefixPrinter<TuplePolicy<Tuple>::tuple_size>::PrintPrefixTo(t, os);
+  *os << ")";
+}
+
+// Prints the fields of a tuple tersely to a string vector, one
+// element for each field.  See the comment before
+// UniversalTersePrint() for how we define "tersely".
+template <typename Tuple>
+Strings UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(const Tuple& value) {
+  Strings result;
+  TuplePrefixPrinter<TuplePolicy<Tuple>::tuple_size>::
+      TersePrintPrefixToStrings(value, &result);
+  return result;
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+template <typename T>
+::std::string PrintToString(const T& value) {
+  ::std::stringstream ss;
+  internal::UniversalTersePrinter<T>::Print(value, &ss);
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+}  // namespace testing
+
+// Include any custom printer added by the local installation.
+// We must include this header at the end to make sure it can use the
+// declarations from this file.
+#include "gtest/internal/custom/gtest-printers.h"
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRINTERS_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest-spi.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest-spi.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f63fa9a1b2a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest-spi.h
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+//
+// Utilities for testing Google Test itself and code that uses Google Test
+// (e.g. frameworks built on top of Google Test).
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_SPI_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_SPI_H_
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace testing {
+
+// This helper class can be used to mock out Google Test failure reporting
+// so that we can test Google Test or code that builds on Google Test.
+//
+// An object of this class appends a TestPartResult object to the
+// TestPartResultArray object given in the constructor whenever a Google Test
+// failure is reported. It can either intercept only failures that are
+// generated in the same thread that created this object or it can intercept
+// all generated failures. The scope of this mock object can be controlled with
+// the second argument to the two arguments constructor.
+class GTEST_API_ ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter
+    : public TestPartResultReporterInterface {
+ public:
+  // The two possible mocking modes of this object.
+  enum InterceptMode {
+    INTERCEPT_ONLY_CURRENT_THREAD,  // Intercepts only thread local failures.
+    INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS           // Intercepts all failures.
+  };
+
+  // The c'tor sets this object as the test part result reporter used
+  // by Google Test.  The 'result' parameter specifies where to report the
+  // results. This reporter will only catch failures generated in the current
+  // thread. DEPRECATED
+  explicit ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter(TestPartResultArray* result);
+
+  // Same as above, but you can choose the interception scope of this object.
+  ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter(InterceptMode intercept_mode,
+                                   TestPartResultArray* result);
+
+  // The d'tor restores the previous test part result reporter.
+  virtual ~ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter();
+
+  // Appends the TestPartResult object to the TestPartResultArray
+  // received in the constructor.
+  //
+  // This method is from the TestPartResultReporterInterface
+  // interface.
+  virtual void ReportTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& result);
+ private:
+  void Init();
+
+  const InterceptMode intercept_mode_;
+  TestPartResultReporterInterface* old_reporter_;
+  TestPartResultArray* const result_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter);
+};
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// A helper class for implementing EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE() and
+// EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE().  Its destructor verifies that the given
+// TestPartResultArray contains exactly one failure that has the given
+// type and contains the given substring.  If that's not the case, a
+// non-fatal failure will be generated.
+class GTEST_API_ SingleFailureChecker {
+ public:
+  // The constructor remembers the arguments.
+  SingleFailureChecker(const TestPartResultArray* results,
+                       TestPartResult::Type type,
+                       const string& substr);
+  ~SingleFailureChecker();
+ private:
+  const TestPartResultArray* const results_;
+  const TestPartResult::Type type_;
+  const string substr_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(SingleFailureChecker);
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+}  // namespace testing
+
+// A set of macros for testing Google Test assertions or code that's expected
+// to generate Google Test fatal failures.  It verifies that the given
+// statement will cause exactly one fatal Google Test failure with 'substr'
+// being part of the failure message.
+//
+// There are two different versions of this macro. EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE only
+// affects and considers failures generated in the current thread and
+// EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS does the same but for all threads.
+//
+// The verification of the assertion is done correctly even when the statement
+// throws an exception or aborts the current function.
+//
+// Known restrictions:
+//   - 'statement' cannot reference local non-static variables or
+//     non-static members of the current object.
+//   - 'statement' cannot return a value.
+//   - You cannot stream a failure message to this macro.
+//
+// Note that even though the implementations of the following two
+// macros are much alike, we cannot refactor them to use a common
+// helper macro, due to some peculiarity in how the preprocessor
+// works.  The AcceptsMacroThatExpandsToUnprotectedComma test in
+// gtest_unittest.cc will fail to compile if we do that.
+#define EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(statement, substr) \
+  do { \
+    class GTestExpectFatalFailureHelper {\
+     public:\
+      static void Execute() { statement; }\
+    };\
+    ::testing::TestPartResultArray gtest_failures;\
+    ::testing::internal::SingleFailureChecker gtest_checker(\
+        &gtest_failures, ::testing::TestPartResult::kFatalFailure, (substr));\
+    {\
+      ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter gtest_reporter(\
+          ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter:: \
+          INTERCEPT_ONLY_CURRENT_THREAD, &gtest_failures);\
+      GTestExpectFatalFailureHelper::Execute();\
+    }\
+  } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
+
+#define EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(statement, substr) \
+  do { \
+    class GTestExpectFatalFailureHelper {\
+     public:\
+      static void Execute() { statement; }\
+    };\
+    ::testing::TestPartResultArray gtest_failures;\
+    ::testing::internal::SingleFailureChecker gtest_checker(\
+        &gtest_failures, ::testing::TestPartResult::kFatalFailure, (substr));\
+    {\
+      ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter gtest_reporter(\
+          ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter:: \
+          INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS, &gtest_failures);\
+      GTestExpectFatalFailureHelper::Execute();\
+    }\
+  } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
+
+// A macro for testing Google Test assertions or code that's expected to
+// generate Google Test non-fatal failures.  It asserts that the given
+// statement will cause exactly one non-fatal Google Test failure with 'substr'
+// being part of the failure message.
+//
+// There are two different versions of this macro. EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE only
+// affects and considers failures generated in the current thread and
+// EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS does the same but for all threads.
+//
+// 'statement' is allowed to reference local variables and members of
+// the current object.
+//
+// The verification of the assertion is done correctly even when the statement
+// throws an exception or aborts the current function.
+//
+// Known restrictions:
+//   - You cannot stream a failure message to this macro.
+//
+// Note that even though the implementations of the following two
+// macros are much alike, we cannot refactor them to use a common
+// helper macro, due to some peculiarity in how the preprocessor
+// works.  If we do that, the code won't compile when the user gives
+// EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE() a statement that contains a macro that
+// expands to code containing an unprotected comma.  The
+// AcceptsMacroThatExpandsToUnprotectedComma test in gtest_unittest.cc
+// catches that.
+//
+// For the same reason, we have to write
+//   if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { statement; }
+// instead of
+//   GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement)
+// to avoid an MSVC warning on unreachable code.
+#define EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(statement, substr) \
+  do {\
+    ::testing::TestPartResultArray gtest_failures;\
+    ::testing::internal::SingleFailureChecker gtest_checker(\
+        &gtest_failures, ::testing::TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure, \
+        (substr));\
+    {\
+      ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter gtest_reporter(\
+          ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter:: \
+          INTERCEPT_ONLY_CURRENT_THREAD, &gtest_failures);\
+      if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { statement; }\
+    }\
+  } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
+
+#define EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(statement, substr) \
+  do {\
+    ::testing::TestPartResultArray gtest_failures;\
+    ::testing::internal::SingleFailureChecker gtest_checker(\
+        &gtest_failures, ::testing::TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure, \
+        (substr));\
+    {\
+      ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter gtest_reporter(\
+          ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS, \
+          &gtest_failures);\
+      if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { statement; }\
+    }\
+  } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_SPI_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..77eb844839d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: mheule@google.com (Markus Heule)
+//
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_TEST_PART_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_TEST_PART_H_
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <vector>
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
+
+namespace testing {
+
+// A copyable object representing the result of a test part (i.e. an
+// assertion or an explicit FAIL(), ADD_FAILURE(), or SUCCESS()).
+//
+// Don't inherit from TestPartResult as its destructor is not virtual.
+class GTEST_API_ TestPartResult {
+ public:
+  // The possible outcomes of a test part (i.e. an assertion or an
+  // explicit SUCCEED(), FAIL(), or ADD_FAILURE()).
+  enum Type {
+    kSuccess,          // Succeeded.
+    kNonFatalFailure,  // Failed but the test can continue.
+    kFatalFailure      // Failed and the test should be terminated.
+  };
+
+  // C'tor.  TestPartResult does NOT have a default constructor.
+  // Always use this constructor (with parameters) to create a
+  // TestPartResult object.
+  TestPartResult(Type a_type,
+                 const char* a_file_name,
+                 int a_line_number,
+                 const char* a_message)
+      : type_(a_type),
+        file_name_(a_file_name == NULL ? "" : a_file_name),
+        line_number_(a_line_number),
+        summary_(ExtractSummary(a_message)),
+        message_(a_message) {
+  }
+
+  // Gets the outcome of the test part.
+  Type type() const { return type_; }
+
+  // Gets the name of the source file where the test part took place, or
+  // NULL if it's unknown.
+  const char* file_name() const {
+    return file_name_.empty() ? NULL : file_name_.c_str();
+  }
+
+  // Gets the line in the source file where the test part took place,
+  // or -1 if it's unknown.
+  int line_number() const { return line_number_; }
+
+  // Gets the summary of the failure message.
+  const char* summary() const { return summary_.c_str(); }
+
+  // Gets the message associated with the test part.
+  const char* message() const { return message_.c_str(); }
+
+  // Returns true iff the test part passed.
+  bool passed() const { return type_ == kSuccess; }
+
+  // Returns true iff the test part failed.
+  bool failed() const { return type_ != kSuccess; }
+
+  // Returns true iff the test part non-fatally failed.
+  bool nonfatally_failed() const { return type_ == kNonFatalFailure; }
+
+  // Returns true iff the test part fatally failed.
+  bool fatally_failed() const { return type_ == kFatalFailure; }
+
+ private:
+  Type type_;
+
+  // Gets the summary of the failure message by omitting the stack
+  // trace in it.
+  static std::string ExtractSummary(const char* message);
+
+  // The name of the source file where the test part took place, or
+  // "" if the source file is unknown.
+  std::string file_name_;
+  // The line in the source file where the test part took place, or -1
+  // if the line number is unknown.
+  int line_number_;
+  std::string summary_;  // The test failure summary.
+  std::string message_;  // The test failure message.
+};
+
+// Prints a TestPartResult object.
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const TestPartResult& result);
+
+// An array of TestPartResult objects.
+//
+// Don't inherit from TestPartResultArray as its destructor is not
+// virtual.
+class GTEST_API_ TestPartResultArray {
+ public:
+  TestPartResultArray() {}
+
+  // Appends the given TestPartResult to the array.
+  void Append(const TestPartResult& result);
+
+  // Returns the TestPartResult at the given index (0-based).
+  const TestPartResult& GetTestPartResult(int index) const;
+
+  // Returns the number of TestPartResult objects in the array.
+  int size() const;
+
+ private:
+  std::vector<TestPartResult> array_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestPartResultArray);
+};
+
+// This interface knows how to report a test part result.
+class TestPartResultReporterInterface {
+ public:
+  virtual ~TestPartResultReporterInterface() {}
+
+  virtual void ReportTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& result) = 0;
+};
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// This helper class is used by {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NO_FATAL_FAILURE to check if a
+// statement generates new fatal failures. To do so it registers itself as the
+// current test part result reporter. Besides checking if fatal failures were
+// reported, it only delegates the reporting to the former result reporter.
+// The original result reporter is restored in the destructor.
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+class GTEST_API_ HasNewFatalFailureHelper
+    : public TestPartResultReporterInterface {
+ public:
+  HasNewFatalFailureHelper();
+  virtual ~HasNewFatalFailureHelper();
+  virtual void ReportTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& result);
+  bool has_new_fatal_failure() const { return has_new_fatal_failure_; }
+ private:
+  bool has_new_fatal_failure_;
+  TestPartResultReporterInterface* original_reporter_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(HasNewFatalFailureHelper);
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+}  // namespace testing
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_TEST_PART_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest-typed-test.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest-typed-test.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5f69d5678eaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest-typed-test.h
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+// All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_TYPED_TEST_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_TYPED_TEST_H_
+
+// This header implements typed tests and type-parameterized tests.
+
+// Typed (aka type-driven) tests repeat the same test for types in a
+// list.  You must know which types you want to test with when writing
+// typed tests. Here's how you do it:
+
+#if 0
+
+// First, define a fixture class template.  It should be parameterized
+// by a type.  Remember to derive it from testing::Test.
+template <typename T>
+class FooTest : public testing::Test {
+ public:
+  ...
+  typedef std::list<T> List;
+  static T shared_;
+  T value_;
+};
+
+// Next, associate a list of types with the test case, which will be
+// repeated for each type in the list.  The typedef is necessary for
+// the macro to parse correctly.
+typedef testing::Types<char, int, unsigned int> MyTypes;
+TYPED_TEST_CASE(FooTest, MyTypes);
+
+// If the type list contains only one type, you can write that type
+// directly without Types<...>:
+//   TYPED_TEST_CASE(FooTest, int);
+
+// Then, use TYPED_TEST() instead of TEST_F() to define as many typed
+// tests for this test case as you want.
+TYPED_TEST(FooTest, DoesBlah) {
+  // Inside a test, refer to TypeParam to get the type parameter.
+  // Since we are inside a derived class template, C++ requires use to
+  // visit the members of FooTest via 'this'.
+  TypeParam n = this->value_;
+
+  // To visit static members of the fixture, add the TestFixture::
+  // prefix.
+  n += TestFixture::shared_;
+
+  // To refer to typedefs in the fixture, add the "typename
+  // TestFixture::" prefix.
+  typename TestFixture::List values;
+  values.push_back(n);
+  ...
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(FooTest, HasPropertyA) { ... }
+
+#endif  // 0
+
+// Type-parameterized tests are abstract test patterns parameterized
+// by a type.  Compared with typed tests, type-parameterized tests
+// allow you to define the test pattern without knowing what the type
+// parameters are.  The defined pattern can be instantiated with
+// different types any number of times, in any number of translation
+// units.
+//
+// If you are designing an interface or concept, you can define a
+// suite of type-parameterized tests to verify properties that any
+// valid implementation of the interface/concept should have.  Then,
+// each implementation can easily instantiate the test suite to verify
+// that it conforms to the requirements, without having to write
+// similar tests repeatedly.  Here's an example:
+
+#if 0
+
+// First, define a fixture class template.  It should be parameterized
+// by a type.  Remember to derive it from testing::Test.
+template <typename T>
+class FooTest : public testing::Test {
+  ...
+};
+
+// Next, declare that you will define a type-parameterized test case
+// (the _P suffix is for "parameterized" or "pattern", whichever you
+// prefer):
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(FooTest);
+
+// Then, use TYPED_TEST_P() to define as many type-parameterized tests
+// for this type-parameterized test case as you want.
+TYPED_TEST_P(FooTest, DoesBlah) {
+  // Inside a test, refer to TypeParam to get the type parameter.
+  TypeParam n = 0;
+  ...
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(FooTest, HasPropertyA) { ... }
+
+// Now the tricky part: you need to register all test patterns before
+// you can instantiate them.  The first argument of the macro is the
+// test case name; the rest are the names of the tests in this test
+// case.
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(FooTest,
+                           DoesBlah, HasPropertyA);
+
+// Finally, you are free to instantiate the pattern with the types you
+// want.  If you put the above code in a header file, you can #include
+// it in multiple C++ source files and instantiate it multiple times.
+//
+// To distinguish different instances of the pattern, the first
+// argument to the INSTANTIATE_* macro is a prefix that will be added
+// to the actual test case name.  Remember to pick unique prefixes for
+// different instances.
+typedef testing::Types<char, int, unsigned int> MyTypes;
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, FooTest, MyTypes);
+
+// If the type list contains only one type, you can write that type
+// directly without Types<...>:
+//   INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, FooTest, int);
+
+#endif  // 0
+
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h"
+
+// Implements typed tests.
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
+//
+// Expands to the name of the typedef for the type parameters of the
+// given test case.
+# define GTEST_TYPE_PARAMS_(TestCaseName) gtest_type_params_##TestCaseName##_
+
+// The 'Types' template argument below must have spaces around it
+// since some compilers may choke on '>>' when passing a template
+// instance (e.g. Types<int>)
+# define TYPED_TEST_CASE(CaseName, Types) \
+  typedef ::testing::internal::TypeList< Types >::type \
+      GTEST_TYPE_PARAMS_(CaseName)
+
+# define TYPED_TEST(CaseName, TestName) \
+  template <typename gtest_TypeParam_> \
+  class GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(CaseName, TestName) \
+      : public CaseName<gtest_TypeParam_> { \
+   private: \
+    typedef CaseName<gtest_TypeParam_> TestFixture; \
+    typedef gtest_TypeParam_ TypeParam; \
+    virtual void TestBody(); \
+  }; \
+  bool gtest_##CaseName##_##TestName##_registered_ GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ = \
+      ::testing::internal::TypeParameterizedTest< \
+          CaseName, \
+          ::testing::internal::TemplateSel< \
+              GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(CaseName, TestName)>, \
+          GTEST_TYPE_PARAMS_(CaseName)>::Register(\
+              "", ::testing::internal::CodeLocation(__FILE__, __LINE__), \
+              #CaseName, #TestName, 0); \
+  template <typename gtest_TypeParam_> \
+  void GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(CaseName, TestName)<gtest_TypeParam_>::TestBody()
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+
+// Implements type-parameterized tests.
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
+
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
+//
+// Expands to the namespace name that the type-parameterized tests for
+// the given type-parameterized test case are defined in.  The exact
+// name of the namespace is subject to change without notice.
+# define GTEST_CASE_NAMESPACE_(TestCaseName) \
+  gtest_case_##TestCaseName##_
+
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
+//
+// Expands to the name of the variable used to remember the names of
+// the defined tests in the given test case.
+# define GTEST_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P_STATE_(TestCaseName) \
+  gtest_typed_test_case_p_state_##TestCaseName##_
+
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE DIRECTLY.
+//
+// Expands to the name of the variable used to remember the names of
+// the registered tests in the given test case.
+# define GTEST_REGISTERED_TEST_NAMES_(TestCaseName) \
+  gtest_registered_test_names_##TestCaseName##_
+
+// The variables defined in the type-parameterized test macros are
+// static as typically these macros are used in a .h file that can be
+// #included in multiple translation units linked together.
+# define TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(CaseName) \
+  static ::testing::internal::TypedTestCasePState \
+      GTEST_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P_STATE_(CaseName)
+
+# define TYPED_TEST_P(CaseName, TestName) \
+  namespace GTEST_CASE_NAMESPACE_(CaseName) { \
+  template <typename gtest_TypeParam_> \
+  class TestName : public CaseName<gtest_TypeParam_> { \
+   private: \
+    typedef CaseName<gtest_TypeParam_> TestFixture; \
+    typedef gtest_TypeParam_ TypeParam; \
+    virtual void TestBody(); \
+  }; \
+  static bool gtest_##TestName##_defined_ GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ = \
+      GTEST_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P_STATE_(CaseName).AddTestName(\
+          __FILE__, __LINE__, #CaseName, #TestName); \
+  } \
+  template <typename gtest_TypeParam_> \
+  void GTEST_CASE_NAMESPACE_(CaseName)::TestName<gtest_TypeParam_>::TestBody()
+
+# define REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(CaseName, ...) \
+  namespace GTEST_CASE_NAMESPACE_(CaseName) { \
+  typedef ::testing::internal::Templates<__VA_ARGS__>::type gtest_AllTests_; \
+  } \
+  static const char* const GTEST_REGISTERED_TEST_NAMES_(CaseName) = \
+      GTEST_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P_STATE_(CaseName).VerifyRegisteredTestNames(\
+          __FILE__, __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__)
+
+// The 'Types' template argument below must have spaces around it
+// since some compilers may choke on '>>' when passing a template
+// instance (e.g. Types<int>)
+# define INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(Prefix, CaseName, Types) \
+  bool gtest_##Prefix##_##CaseName GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ = \
+      ::testing::internal::TypeParameterizedTestCase<CaseName, \
+          GTEST_CASE_NAMESPACE_(CaseName)::gtest_AllTests_, \
+          ::testing::internal::TypeList< Types >::type>::Register(\
+              #Prefix, \
+              ::testing::internal::CodeLocation(__FILE__, __LINE__), \
+              &GTEST_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P_STATE_(CaseName), \
+              #CaseName, GTEST_REGISTERED_TEST_NAMES_(CaseName))
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_TYPED_TEST_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f846c5bd6696
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2236 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+//
+// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+//
+// This header file defines the public API for Google Test.  It should be
+// included by any test program that uses Google Test.
+//
+// IMPORTANT NOTE: Due to limitation of the C++ language, we have to
+// leave some internal implementation details in this header file.
+// They are clearly marked by comments like this:
+//
+//   // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+//
+// Such code is NOT meant to be used by a user directly, and is subject
+// to CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE.  Therefore DO NOT DEPEND ON IT in a user
+// program!
+//
+// Acknowledgment: Google Test borrowed the idea of automatic test
+// registration from Barthelemy Dagenais' (barthelemy@prologique.com)
+// easyUnit framework.
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest-death-test.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest-param-test.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest-printers.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest_prod.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest-test-part.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest-typed-test.h"
+
+// Depending on the platform, different string classes are available.
+// On Linux, in addition to ::std::string, Google also makes use of
+// class ::string, which has the same interface as ::std::string, but
+// has a different implementation.
+//
+// You can define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING to 1 to indicate that
+// ::string is available AND is a distinct type to ::std::string, or
+// define it to 0 to indicate otherwise.
+//
+// If ::std::string and ::string are the same class on your platform
+// due to aliasing, you should define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING to 0.
+//
+// If you do not define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING, it is defined
+// heuristically.
+
+namespace testing {
+
+// Declares the flags.
+
+// This flag temporary enables the disabled tests.
+GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(also_run_disabled_tests);
+
+// This flag brings the debugger on an assertion failure.
+GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(break_on_failure);
+
+// This flag controls whether Google Test catches all test-thrown exceptions
+// and logs them as failures.
+GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(catch_exceptions);
+
+// This flag enables using colors in terminal output. Available values are
+// "yes" to enable colors, "no" (disable colors), or "auto" (the default)
+// to let Google Test decide.
+GTEST_DECLARE_string_(color);
+
+// This flag sets up the filter to select by name using a glob pattern
+// the tests to run. If the filter is not given all tests are executed.
+GTEST_DECLARE_string_(filter);
+
+// This flag causes the Google Test to list tests. None of the tests listed
+// are actually run if the flag is provided.
+GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(list_tests);
+
+// This flag controls whether Google Test emits a detailed XML report to a file
+// in addition to its normal textual output.
+GTEST_DECLARE_string_(output);
+
+// This flags control whether Google Test prints the elapsed time for each
+// test.
+GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(print_time);
+
+// This flag specifies the random number seed.
+GTEST_DECLARE_int32_(random_seed);
+
+// This flag sets how many times the tests are repeated. The default value
+// is 1. If the value is -1 the tests are repeating forever.
+GTEST_DECLARE_int32_(repeat);
+
+// This flag controls whether Google Test includes Google Test internal
+// stack frames in failure stack traces.
+GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(show_internal_stack_frames);
+
+// When this flag is specified, tests' order is randomized on every iteration.
+GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(shuffle);
+
+// This flag specifies the maximum number of stack frames to be
+// printed in a failure message.
+GTEST_DECLARE_int32_(stack_trace_depth);
+
+// When this flag is specified, a failed assertion will throw an
+// exception if exceptions are enabled, or exit the program with a
+// non-zero code otherwise.
+GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(throw_on_failure);
+
+// When this flag is set with a "host:port" string, on supported
+// platforms test results are streamed to the specified port on
+// the specified host machine.
+GTEST_DECLARE_string_(stream_result_to);
+
+// The upper limit for valid stack trace depths.
+const int kMaxStackTraceDepth = 100;
+
+namespace internal {
+
+class AssertHelper;
+class DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter;
+class ExecDeathTest;
+class NoExecDeathTest;
+class FinalSuccessChecker;
+class GTestFlagSaver;
+class StreamingListenerTest;
+class TestResultAccessor;
+class TestEventListenersAccessor;
+class TestEventRepeater;
+class UnitTestRecordPropertyTestHelper;
+class WindowsDeathTest;
+class UnitTestImpl* GetUnitTestImpl();
+void ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
+                                    const std::string& message);
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// The friend relationship of some of these classes is cyclic.
+// If we don't forward declare them the compiler might confuse the classes
+// in friendship clauses with same named classes on the scope.
+class Test;
+class TestCase;
+class TestInfo;
+class UnitTest;
+
+// A class for indicating whether an assertion was successful.  When
+// the assertion wasn't successful, the AssertionResult object
+// remembers a non-empty message that describes how it failed.
+//
+// To create an instance of this class, use one of the factory functions
+// (AssertionSuccess() and AssertionFailure()).
+//
+// This class is useful for two purposes:
+//   1. Defining predicate functions to be used with Boolean test assertions
+//      EXPECT_TRUE/EXPECT_FALSE and their ASSERT_ counterparts
+//   2. Defining predicate-format functions to be
+//      used with predicate assertions (ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT*, etc).
+//
+// For example, if you define IsEven predicate:
+//
+//   testing::AssertionResult IsEven(int n) {
+//     if ((n % 2) == 0)
+//       return testing::AssertionSuccess();
+//     else
+//       return testing::AssertionFailure() << n << " is odd";
+//   }
+//
+// Then the failed expectation EXPECT_TRUE(IsEven(Fib(5)))
+// will print the message
+//
+//   Value of: IsEven(Fib(5))
+//     Actual: false (5 is odd)
+//   Expected: true
+//
+// instead of a more opaque
+//
+//   Value of: IsEven(Fib(5))
+//     Actual: false
+//   Expected: true
+//
+// in case IsEven is a simple Boolean predicate.
+//
+// If you expect your predicate to be reused and want to support informative
+// messages in EXPECT_FALSE and ASSERT_FALSE (negative assertions show up
+// about half as often as positive ones in our tests), supply messages for
+// both success and failure cases:
+//
+//   testing::AssertionResult IsEven(int n) {
+//     if ((n % 2) == 0)
+//       return testing::AssertionSuccess() << n << " is even";
+//     else
+//       return testing::AssertionFailure() << n << " is odd";
+//   }
+//
+// Then a statement EXPECT_FALSE(IsEven(Fib(6))) will print
+//
+//   Value of: IsEven(Fib(6))
+//     Actual: true (8 is even)
+//   Expected: false
+//
+// NB: Predicates that support negative Boolean assertions have reduced
+// performance in positive ones so be careful not to use them in tests
+// that have lots (tens of thousands) of positive Boolean assertions.
+//
+// To use this class with EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT assertions such as:
+//
+//   // Verifies that Foo() returns an even number.
+//   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(IsEven, Foo());
+//
+// you need to define:
+//
+//   testing::AssertionResult IsEven(const char* expr, int n) {
+//     if ((n % 2) == 0)
+//       return testing::AssertionSuccess();
+//     else
+//       return testing::AssertionFailure()
+//         << "Expected: " << expr << " is even\n  Actual: it's " << n;
+//   }
+//
+// If Foo() returns 5, you will see the following message:
+//
+//   Expected: Foo() is even
+//     Actual: it's 5
+//
+class GTEST_API_ AssertionResult {
+ public:
+  // Copy constructor.
+  // Used in EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(assertion_result).
+  AssertionResult(const AssertionResult& other);
+
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4800 /* forcing value to bool */)
+
+  // Used in the EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(bool_expression).
+  //
+  // T must be contextually convertible to bool.
+  //
+  // The second parameter prevents this overload from being considered if
+  // the argument is implicitly convertible to AssertionResult. In that case
+  // we want AssertionResult's copy constructor to be used.
+  template <typename T>
+  explicit AssertionResult(
+      const T& success,
+      typename internal::EnableIf<
+          !internal::ImplicitlyConvertible<T, AssertionResult>::value>::type*
+          /*enabler*/ = NULL)
+      : success_(success) {}
+
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+
+  // Assignment operator.
+  AssertionResult& operator=(AssertionResult other) {
+    swap(other);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // Returns true iff the assertion succeeded.
+  operator bool() const { return success_; }  // NOLINT
+
+  // Returns the assertion's negation. Used with EXPECT/ASSERT_FALSE.
+  AssertionResult operator!() const;
+
+  // Returns the text streamed into this AssertionResult. Test assertions
+  // use it when they fail (i.e., the predicate's outcome doesn't match the
+  // assertion's expectation). When nothing has been streamed into the
+  // object, returns an empty string.
+  const char* message() const {
+    return message_.get() != NULL ?  message_->c_str() : "";
+  }
+  // TODO(vladl@google.com): Remove this after making sure no clients use it.
+  // Deprecated; please use message() instead.
+  const char* failure_message() const { return message(); }
+
+  // Streams a custom failure message into this object.
+  template <typename T> AssertionResult& operator<<(const T& value) {
+    AppendMessage(Message() << value);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // Allows streaming basic output manipulators such as endl or flush into
+  // this object.
+  AssertionResult& operator<<(
+      ::std::ostream& (*basic_manipulator)(::std::ostream& stream)) {
+    AppendMessage(Message() << basic_manipulator);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // Appends the contents of message to message_.
+  void AppendMessage(const Message& a_message) {
+    if (message_.get() == NULL)
+      message_.reset(new ::std::string);
+    message_->append(a_message.GetString().c_str());
+  }
+
+  // Swap the contents of this AssertionResult with other.
+  void swap(AssertionResult& other);
+
+  // Stores result of the assertion predicate.
+  bool success_;
+  // Stores the message describing the condition in case the expectation
+  // construct is not satisfied with the predicate's outcome.
+  // Referenced via a pointer to avoid taking too much stack frame space
+  // with test assertions.
+  internal::scoped_ptr< ::std::string> message_;
+};
+
+// Makes a successful assertion result.
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult AssertionSuccess();
+
+// Makes a failed assertion result.
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult AssertionFailure();
+
+// Makes a failed assertion result with the given failure message.
+// Deprecated; use AssertionFailure() << msg.
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult AssertionFailure(const Message& msg);
+
+// The abstract class that all tests inherit from.
+//
+// In Google Test, a unit test program contains one or many TestCases, and
+// each TestCase contains one or many Tests.
+//
+// When you define a test using the TEST macro, you don't need to
+// explicitly derive from Test - the TEST macro automatically does
+// this for you.
+//
+// The only time you derive from Test is when defining a test fixture
+// to be used a TEST_F.  For example:
+//
+//   class FooTest : public testing::Test {
+//    protected:
+//     void SetUp() override { ... }
+//     void TearDown() override { ... }
+//     ...
+//   };
+//
+//   TEST_F(FooTest, Bar) { ... }
+//   TEST_F(FooTest, Baz) { ... }
+//
+// Test is not copyable.
+class GTEST_API_ Test {
+ public:
+  friend class TestInfo;
+
+  // Defines types for pointers to functions that set up and tear down
+  // a test case.
+  typedef internal::SetUpTestCaseFunc SetUpTestCaseFunc;
+  typedef internal::TearDownTestCaseFunc TearDownTestCaseFunc;
+
+  // The d'tor is virtual as we intend to inherit from Test.
+  virtual ~Test();
+
+  // Sets up the stuff shared by all tests in this test case.
+  //
+  // Google Test will call Foo::SetUpTestCase() before running the first
+  // test in test case Foo.  Hence a sub-class can define its own
+  // SetUpTestCase() method to shadow the one defined in the super
+  // class.
+  static void SetUpTestCase() {}
+
+  // Tears down the stuff shared by all tests in this test case.
+  //
+  // Google Test will call Foo::TearDownTestCase() after running the last
+  // test in test case Foo.  Hence a sub-class can define its own
+  // TearDownTestCase() method to shadow the one defined in the super
+  // class.
+  static void TearDownTestCase() {}
+
+  // Returns true iff the current test has a fatal failure.
+  static bool HasFatalFailure();
+
+  // Returns true iff the current test has a non-fatal failure.
+  static bool HasNonfatalFailure();
+
+  // Returns true iff the current test has a (either fatal or
+  // non-fatal) failure.
+  static bool HasFailure() { return HasFatalFailure() || HasNonfatalFailure(); }
+
+  // Logs a property for the current test, test case, or for the entire
+  // invocation of the test program when used outside of the context of a
+  // test case.  Only the last value for a given key is remembered.  These
+  // are public static so they can be called from utility functions that are
+  // not members of the test fixture.  Calls to RecordProperty made during
+  // lifespan of the test (from the moment its constructor starts to the
+  // moment its destructor finishes) will be output in XML as attributes of
+  // the <testcase> element.  Properties recorded from fixture's
+  // SetUpTestCase or TearDownTestCase are logged as attributes of the
+  // corresponding <testsuite> element.  Calls to RecordProperty made in the
+  // global context (before or after invocation of RUN_ALL_TESTS and from
+  // SetUp/TearDown method of Environment objects registered with Google
+  // Test) will be output as attributes of the <testsuites> element.
+  static void RecordProperty(const std::string& key, const std::string& value);
+  static void RecordProperty(const std::string& key, int value);
+
+ protected:
+  // Creates a Test object.
+  Test();
+
+  // Sets up the test fixture.
+  virtual void SetUp();
+
+  // Tears down the test fixture.
+  virtual void TearDown();
+
+ private:
+  // Returns true iff the current test has the same fixture class as
+  // the first test in the current test case.
+  static bool HasSameFixtureClass();
+
+  // Runs the test after the test fixture has been set up.
+  //
+  // A sub-class must implement this to define the test logic.
+  //
+  // DO NOT OVERRIDE THIS FUNCTION DIRECTLY IN A USER PROGRAM.
+  // Instead, use the TEST or TEST_F macro.
+  virtual void TestBody() = 0;
+
+  // Sets up, executes, and tears down the test.
+  void Run();
+
+  // Deletes self.  We deliberately pick an unusual name for this
+  // internal method to avoid clashing with names used in user TESTs.
+  void DeleteSelf_() { delete this; }
+
+  const internal::scoped_ptr< GTEST_FLAG_SAVER_ > gtest_flag_saver_;
+
+  // Often a user misspells SetUp() as Setup() and spends a long time
+  // wondering why it is never called by Google Test.  The declaration of
+  // the following method is solely for catching such an error at
+  // compile time:
+  //
+  //   - The return type is deliberately chosen to be not void, so it
+  //   will be a conflict if void Setup() is declared in the user's
+  //   test fixture.
+  //
+  //   - This method is private, so it will be another compiler error
+  //   if the method is called from the user's test fixture.
+  //
+  // DO NOT OVERRIDE THIS FUNCTION.
+  //
+  // If you see an error about overriding the following function or
+  // about it being private, you have mis-spelled SetUp() as Setup().
+  struct Setup_should_be_spelled_SetUp {};
+  virtual Setup_should_be_spelled_SetUp* Setup() { return NULL; }
+
+  // We disallow copying Tests.
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Test);
+};
+
+typedef internal::TimeInMillis TimeInMillis;
+
+// A copyable object representing a user specified test property which can be
+// output as a key/value string pair.
+//
+// Don't inherit from TestProperty as its destructor is not virtual.
+class TestProperty {
+ public:
+  // C'tor.  TestProperty does NOT have a default constructor.
+  // Always use this constructor (with parameters) to create a
+  // TestProperty object.
+  TestProperty(const std::string& a_key, const std::string& a_value) :
+    key_(a_key), value_(a_value) {
+  }
+
+  // Gets the user supplied key.
+  const char* key() const {
+    return key_.c_str();
+  }
+
+  // Gets the user supplied value.
+  const char* value() const {
+    return value_.c_str();
+  }
+
+  // Sets a new value, overriding the one supplied in the constructor.
+  void SetValue(const std::string& new_value) {
+    value_ = new_value;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // The key supplied by the user.
+  std::string key_;
+  // The value supplied by the user.
+  std::string value_;
+};
+
+// The result of a single Test.  This includes a list of
+// TestPartResults, a list of TestProperties, a count of how many
+// death tests there are in the Test, and how much time it took to run
+// the Test.
+//
+// TestResult is not copyable.
+class GTEST_API_ TestResult {
+ public:
+  // Creates an empty TestResult.
+  TestResult();
+
+  // D'tor.  Do not inherit from TestResult.
+  ~TestResult();
+
+  // Gets the number of all test parts.  This is the sum of the number
+  // of successful test parts and the number of failed test parts.
+  int total_part_count() const;
+
+  // Returns the number of the test properties.
+  int test_property_count() const;
+
+  // Returns true iff the test passed (i.e. no test part failed).
+  bool Passed() const { return !Failed(); }
+
+  // Returns true iff the test failed.
+  bool Failed() const;
+
+  // Returns true iff the test fatally failed.
+  bool HasFatalFailure() const;
+
+  // Returns true iff the test has a non-fatal failure.
+  bool HasNonfatalFailure() const;
+
+  // Returns the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
+  TimeInMillis elapsed_time() const { return elapsed_time_; }
+
+  // Returns the i-th test part result among all the results. i can range
+  // from 0 to test_property_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, aborts
+  // the program.
+  const TestPartResult& GetTestPartResult(int i) const;
+
+  // Returns the i-th test property. i can range from 0 to
+  // test_property_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, aborts the
+  // program.
+  const TestProperty& GetTestProperty(int i) const;
+
+ private:
+  friend class TestInfo;
+  friend class TestCase;
+  friend class UnitTest;
+  friend class internal::DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter;
+  friend class internal::ExecDeathTest;
+  friend class internal::TestResultAccessor;
+  friend class internal::UnitTestImpl;
+  friend class internal::WindowsDeathTest;
+
+  // Gets the vector of TestPartResults.
+  const std::vector<TestPartResult>& test_part_results() const {
+    return test_part_results_;
+  }
+
+  // Gets the vector of TestProperties.
+  const std::vector<TestProperty>& test_properties() const {
+    return test_properties_;
+  }
+
+  // Sets the elapsed time.
+  void set_elapsed_time(TimeInMillis elapsed) { elapsed_time_ = elapsed; }
+
+  // Adds a test property to the list. The property is validated and may add
+  // a non-fatal failure if invalid (e.g., if it conflicts with reserved
+  // key names). If a property is already recorded for the same key, the
+  // value will be updated, rather than storing multiple values for the same
+  // key.  xml_element specifies the element for which the property is being
+  // recorded and is used for validation.
+  void RecordProperty(const std::string& xml_element,
+                      const TestProperty& test_property);
+
+  // Adds a failure if the key is a reserved attribute of Google Test
+  // testcase tags.  Returns true if the property is valid.
+  // TODO(russr): Validate attribute names are legal and human readable.
+  static bool ValidateTestProperty(const std::string& xml_element,
+                                   const TestProperty& test_property);
+
+  // Adds a test part result to the list.
+  void AddTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result);
+
+  // Returns the death test count.
+  int death_test_count() const { return death_test_count_; }
+
+  // Increments the death test count, returning the new count.
+  int increment_death_test_count() { return ++death_test_count_; }
+
+  // Clears the test part results.
+  void ClearTestPartResults();
+
+  // Clears the object.
+  void Clear();
+
+  // Protects mutable state of the property vector and of owned
+  // properties, whose values may be updated.
+  internal::Mutex test_properites_mutex_;
+
+  // The vector of TestPartResults
+  std::vector<TestPartResult> test_part_results_;
+  // The vector of TestProperties
+  std::vector<TestProperty> test_properties_;
+  // Running count of death tests.
+  int death_test_count_;
+  // The elapsed time, in milliseconds.
+  TimeInMillis elapsed_time_;
+
+  // We disallow copying TestResult.
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestResult);
+};  // class TestResult
+
+// A TestInfo object stores the following information about a test:
+//
+//   Test case name
+//   Test name
+//   Whether the test should be run
+//   A function pointer that creates the test object when invoked
+//   Test result
+//
+// The constructor of TestInfo registers itself with the UnitTest
+// singleton such that the RUN_ALL_TESTS() macro knows which tests to
+// run.
+class GTEST_API_ TestInfo {
+ public:
+  // Destructs a TestInfo object.  This function is not virtual, so
+  // don't inherit from TestInfo.
+  ~TestInfo();
+
+  // Returns the test case name.
+  const char* test_case_name() const { return test_case_name_.c_str(); }
+
+  // Returns the test name.
+  const char* name() const { return name_.c_str(); }
+
+  // Returns the name of the parameter type, or NULL if this is not a typed
+  // or a type-parameterized test.
+  const char* type_param() const {
+    if (type_param_.get() != NULL)
+      return type_param_->c_str();
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the text representation of the value parameter, or NULL if this
+  // is not a value-parameterized test.
+  const char* value_param() const {
+    if (value_param_.get() != NULL)
+      return value_param_->c_str();
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the file name where this test is defined.
+  const char* file() const { return location_.file.c_str(); }
+
+  // Returns the line where this test is defined.
+  int line() const { return location_.line; }
+
+  // Returns true if this test should run, that is if the test is not
+  // disabled (or it is disabled but the also_run_disabled_tests flag has
+  // been specified) and its full name matches the user-specified filter.
+  //
+  // Google Test allows the user to filter the tests by their full names.
+  // The full name of a test Bar in test case Foo is defined as
+  // "Foo.Bar".  Only the tests that match the filter will run.
+  //
+  // A filter is a colon-separated list of glob (not regex) patterns,
+  // optionally followed by a '-' and a colon-separated list of
+  // negative patterns (tests to exclude).  A test is run if it
+  // matches one of the positive patterns and does not match any of
+  // the negative patterns.
+  //
+  // For example, *A*:Foo.* is a filter that matches any string that
+  // contains the character 'A' or starts with "Foo.".
+  bool should_run() const { return should_run_; }
+
+  // Returns true iff this test will appear in the XML report.
+  bool is_reportable() const {
+    // For now, the XML report includes all tests matching the filter.
+    // In the future, we may trim tests that are excluded because of
+    // sharding.
+    return matches_filter_;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the result of the test.
+  const TestResult* result() const { return &result_; }
+
+ private:
+#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+  friend class internal::DefaultDeathTestFactory;
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+  friend class Test;
+  friend class TestCase;
+  friend class internal::UnitTestImpl;
+  friend class internal::StreamingListenerTest;
+  friend TestInfo* internal::MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
+      const char* test_case_name,
+      const char* name,
+      const char* type_param,
+      const char* value_param,
+      internal::CodeLocation code_location,
+      internal::TypeId fixture_class_id,
+      Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
+      Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc,
+      internal::TestFactoryBase* factory);
+
+  // Constructs a TestInfo object. The newly constructed instance assumes
+  // ownership of the factory object.
+  TestInfo(const std::string& test_case_name,
+           const std::string& name,
+           const char* a_type_param,   // NULL if not a type-parameterized test
+           const char* a_value_param,  // NULL if not a value-parameterized test
+           internal::CodeLocation a_code_location,
+           internal::TypeId fixture_class_id,
+           internal::TestFactoryBase* factory);
+
+  // Increments the number of death tests encountered in this test so
+  // far.
+  int increment_death_test_count() {
+    return result_.increment_death_test_count();
+  }
+
+  // Creates the test object, runs it, records its result, and then
+  // deletes it.
+  void Run();
+
+  static void ClearTestResult(TestInfo* test_info) {
+    test_info->result_.Clear();
+  }
+
+  // These fields are immutable properties of the test.
+  const std::string test_case_name_;     // Test case name
+  const std::string name_;               // Test name
+  // Name of the parameter type, or NULL if this is not a typed or a
+  // type-parameterized test.
+  const internal::scoped_ptr<const ::std::string> type_param_;
+  // Text representation of the value parameter, or NULL if this is not a
+  // value-parameterized test.
+  const internal::scoped_ptr<const ::std::string> value_param_;
+  internal::CodeLocation location_;
+  const internal::TypeId fixture_class_id_;   // ID of the test fixture class
+  bool should_run_;                 // True iff this test should run
+  bool is_disabled_;                // True iff this test is disabled
+  bool matches_filter_;             // True if this test matches the
+                                    // user-specified filter.
+  internal::TestFactoryBase* const factory_;  // The factory that creates
+                                              // the test object
+
+  // This field is mutable and needs to be reset before running the
+  // test for the second time.
+  TestResult result_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestInfo);
+};
+
+// A test case, which consists of a vector of TestInfos.
+//
+// TestCase is not copyable.
+class GTEST_API_ TestCase {
+ public:
+  // Creates a TestCase with the given name.
+  //
+  // TestCase does NOT have a default constructor.  Always use this
+  // constructor to create a TestCase object.
+  //
+  // Arguments:
+  //
+  //   name:         name of the test case
+  //   a_type_param: the name of the test's type parameter, or NULL if
+  //                 this is not a type-parameterized test.
+  //   set_up_tc:    pointer to the function that sets up the test case
+  //   tear_down_tc: pointer to the function that tears down the test case
+  TestCase(const char* name, const char* a_type_param,
+           Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
+           Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc);
+
+  // Destructor of TestCase.
+  virtual ~TestCase();
+
+  // Gets the name of the TestCase.
+  const char* name() const { return name_.c_str(); }
+
+  // Returns the name of the parameter type, or NULL if this is not a
+  // type-parameterized test case.
+  const char* type_param() const {
+    if (type_param_.get() != NULL)
+      return type_param_->c_str();
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // Returns true if any test in this test case should run.
+  bool should_run() const { return should_run_; }
+
+  // Gets the number of successful tests in this test case.
+  int successful_test_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the number of failed tests in this test case.
+  int failed_test_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
+  int reportable_disabled_test_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the number of disabled tests in this test case.
+  int disabled_test_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
+  int reportable_test_count() const;
+
+  // Get the number of tests in this test case that should run.
+  int test_to_run_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the number of all tests in this test case.
+  int total_test_count() const;
+
+  // Returns true iff the test case passed.
+  bool Passed() const { return !Failed(); }
+
+  // Returns true iff the test case failed.
+  bool Failed() const { return failed_test_count() > 0; }
+
+  // Returns the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
+  TimeInMillis elapsed_time() const { return elapsed_time_; }
+
+  // Returns the i-th test among all the tests. i can range from 0 to
+  // total_test_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
+  const TestInfo* GetTestInfo(int i) const;
+
+  // Returns the TestResult that holds test properties recorded during
+  // execution of SetUpTestCase and TearDownTestCase.
+  const TestResult& ad_hoc_test_result() const { return ad_hoc_test_result_; }
+
+ private:
+  friend class Test;
+  friend class internal::UnitTestImpl;
+
+  // Gets the (mutable) vector of TestInfos in this TestCase.
+  std::vector<TestInfo*>& test_info_list() { return test_info_list_; }
+
+  // Gets the (immutable) vector of TestInfos in this TestCase.
+  const std::vector<TestInfo*>& test_info_list() const {
+    return test_info_list_;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the i-th test among all the tests. i can range from 0 to
+  // total_test_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
+  TestInfo* GetMutableTestInfo(int i);
+
+  // Sets the should_run member.
+  void set_should_run(bool should) { should_run_ = should; }
+
+  // Adds a TestInfo to this test case.  Will delete the TestInfo upon
+  // destruction of the TestCase object.
+  void AddTestInfo(TestInfo * test_info);
+
+  // Clears the results of all tests in this test case.
+  void ClearResult();
+
+  // Clears the results of all tests in the given test case.
+  static void ClearTestCaseResult(TestCase* test_case) {
+    test_case->ClearResult();
+  }
+
+  // Runs every test in this TestCase.
+  void Run();
+
+  // Runs SetUpTestCase() for this TestCase.  This wrapper is needed
+  // for catching exceptions thrown from SetUpTestCase().
+  void RunSetUpTestCase() { (*set_up_tc_)(); }
+
+  // Runs TearDownTestCase() for this TestCase.  This wrapper is
+  // needed for catching exceptions thrown from TearDownTestCase().
+  void RunTearDownTestCase() { (*tear_down_tc_)(); }
+
+  // Returns true iff test passed.
+  static bool TestPassed(const TestInfo* test_info) {
+    return test_info->should_run() && test_info->result()->Passed();
+  }
+
+  // Returns true iff test failed.
+  static bool TestFailed(const TestInfo* test_info) {
+    return test_info->should_run() && test_info->result()->Failed();
+  }
+
+  // Returns true iff the test is disabled and will be reported in the XML
+  // report.
+  static bool TestReportableDisabled(const TestInfo* test_info) {
+    return test_info->is_reportable() && test_info->is_disabled_;
+  }
+
+  // Returns true iff test is disabled.
+  static bool TestDisabled(const TestInfo* test_info) {
+    return test_info->is_disabled_;
+  }
+
+  // Returns true iff this test will appear in the XML report.
+  static bool TestReportable(const TestInfo* test_info) {
+    return test_info->is_reportable();
+  }
+
+  // Returns true if the given test should run.
+  static bool ShouldRunTest(const TestInfo* test_info) {
+    return test_info->should_run();
+  }
+
+  // Shuffles the tests in this test case.
+  void ShuffleTests(internal::Random* random);
+
+  // Restores the test order to before the first shuffle.
+  void UnshuffleTests();
+
+  // Name of the test case.
+  std::string name_;
+  // Name of the parameter type, or NULL if this is not a typed or a
+  // type-parameterized test.
+  const internal::scoped_ptr<const ::std::string> type_param_;
+  // The vector of TestInfos in their original order.  It owns the
+  // elements in the vector.
+  std::vector<TestInfo*> test_info_list_;
+  // Provides a level of indirection for the test list to allow easy
+  // shuffling and restoring the test order.  The i-th element in this
+  // vector is the index of the i-th test in the shuffled test list.
+  std::vector<int> test_indices_;
+  // Pointer to the function that sets up the test case.
+  Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc_;
+  // Pointer to the function that tears down the test case.
+  Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc_;
+  // True iff any test in this test case should run.
+  bool should_run_;
+  // Elapsed time, in milliseconds.
+  TimeInMillis elapsed_time_;
+  // Holds test properties recorded during execution of SetUpTestCase and
+  // TearDownTestCase.
+  TestResult ad_hoc_test_result_;
+
+  // We disallow copying TestCases.
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestCase);
+};
+
+// An Environment object is capable of setting up and tearing down an
+// environment.  You should subclass this to define your own
+// environment(s).
+//
+// An Environment object does the set-up and tear-down in virtual
+// methods SetUp() and TearDown() instead of the constructor and the
+// destructor, as:
+//
+//   1. You cannot safely throw from a destructor.  This is a problem
+//      as in some cases Google Test is used where exceptions are enabled, and
+//      we may want to implement ASSERT_* using exceptions where they are
+//      available.
+//   2. You cannot use ASSERT_* directly in a constructor or
+//      destructor.
+class Environment {
+ public:
+  // The d'tor is virtual as we need to subclass Environment.
+  virtual ~Environment() {}
+
+  // Override this to define how to set up the environment.
+  virtual void SetUp() {}
+
+  // Override this to define how to tear down the environment.
+  virtual void TearDown() {}
+ private:
+  // If you see an error about overriding the following function or
+  // about it being private, you have mis-spelled SetUp() as Setup().
+  struct Setup_should_be_spelled_SetUp {};
+  virtual Setup_should_be_spelled_SetUp* Setup() { return NULL; }
+};
+
+// The interface for tracing execution of tests. The methods are organized in
+// the order the corresponding events are fired.
+class TestEventListener {
+ public:
+  virtual ~TestEventListener() {}
+
+  // Fired before any test activity starts.
+  virtual void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& unit_test) = 0;
+
+  // Fired before each iteration of tests starts.  There may be more than
+  // one iteration if GTEST_FLAG(repeat) is set. iteration is the iteration
+  // index, starting from 0.
+  virtual void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& unit_test,
+                                    int iteration) = 0;
+
+  // Fired before environment set-up for each iteration of tests starts.
+  virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(const UnitTest& unit_test) = 0;
+
+  // Fired after environment set-up for each iteration of tests ends.
+  virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test) = 0;
+
+  // Fired before the test case starts.
+  virtual void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case) = 0;
+
+  // Fired before the test starts.
+  virtual void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info) = 0;
+
+  // Fired after a failed assertion or a SUCCEED() invocation.
+  virtual void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) = 0;
+
+  // Fired after the test ends.
+  virtual void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info) = 0;
+
+  // Fired after the test case ends.
+  virtual void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case) = 0;
+
+  // Fired before environment tear-down for each iteration of tests starts.
+  virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(const UnitTest& unit_test) = 0;
+
+  // Fired after environment tear-down for each iteration of tests ends.
+  virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test) = 0;
+
+  // Fired after each iteration of tests finishes.
+  virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test,
+                                  int iteration) = 0;
+
+  // Fired after all test activities have ended.
+  virtual void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test) = 0;
+};
+
+// The convenience class for users who need to override just one or two
+// methods and are not concerned that a possible change to a signature of
+// the methods they override will not be caught during the build.  For
+// comments about each method please see the definition of TestEventListener
+// above.
+class EmptyTestEventListener : public TestEventListener {
+ public:
+  virtual void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
+  virtual void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/,
+                                    int /*iteration*/) {}
+  virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
+  virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
+  virtual void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& /*test_case*/) {}
+  virtual void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& /*test_info*/) {}
+  virtual void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& /*test_part_result*/) {}
+  virtual void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& /*test_info*/) {}
+  virtual void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& /*test_case*/) {}
+  virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
+  virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
+  virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/,
+                                  int /*iteration*/) {}
+  virtual void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
+};
+
+// TestEventListeners lets users add listeners to track events in Google Test.
+class GTEST_API_ TestEventListeners {
+ public:
+  TestEventListeners();
+  ~TestEventListeners();
+
+  // Appends an event listener to the end of the list. Google Test assumes
+  // the ownership of the listener (i.e. it will delete the listener when
+  // the test program finishes).
+  void Append(TestEventListener* listener);
+
+  // Removes the given event listener from the list and returns it.  It then
+  // becomes the caller's responsibility to delete the listener. Returns
+  // NULL if the listener is not found in the list.
+  TestEventListener* Release(TestEventListener* listener);
+
+  // Returns the standard listener responsible for the default console
+  // output.  Can be removed from the listeners list to shut down default
+  // console output.  Note that removing this object from the listener list
+  // with Release transfers its ownership to the caller and makes this
+  // function return NULL the next time.
+  TestEventListener* default_result_printer() const {
+    return default_result_printer_;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the standard listener responsible for the default XML output
+  // controlled by the --gtest_output=xml flag.  Can be removed from the
+  // listeners list by users who want to shut down the default XML output
+  // controlled by this flag and substitute it with custom one.  Note that
+  // removing this object from the listener list with Release transfers its
+  // ownership to the caller and makes this function return NULL the next
+  // time.
+  TestEventListener* default_xml_generator() const {
+    return default_xml_generator_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  friend class TestCase;
+  friend class TestInfo;
+  friend class internal::DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter;
+  friend class internal::NoExecDeathTest;
+  friend class internal::TestEventListenersAccessor;
+  friend class internal::UnitTestImpl;
+
+  // Returns repeater that broadcasts the TestEventListener events to all
+  // subscribers.
+  TestEventListener* repeater();
+
+  // Sets the default_result_printer attribute to the provided listener.
+  // The listener is also added to the listener list and previous
+  // default_result_printer is removed from it and deleted. The listener can
+  // also be NULL in which case it will not be added to the list. Does
+  // nothing if the previous and the current listener objects are the same.
+  void SetDefaultResultPrinter(TestEventListener* listener);
+
+  // Sets the default_xml_generator attribute to the provided listener.  The
+  // listener is also added to the listener list and previous
+  // default_xml_generator is removed from it and deleted. The listener can
+  // also be NULL in which case it will not be added to the list. Does
+  // nothing if the previous and the current listener objects are the same.
+  void SetDefaultXmlGenerator(TestEventListener* listener);
+
+  // Controls whether events will be forwarded by the repeater to the
+  // listeners in the list.
+  bool EventForwardingEnabled() const;
+  void SuppressEventForwarding();
+
+  // The actual list of listeners.
+  internal::TestEventRepeater* repeater_;
+  // Listener responsible for the standard result output.
+  TestEventListener* default_result_printer_;
+  // Listener responsible for the creation of the XML output file.
+  TestEventListener* default_xml_generator_;
+
+  // We disallow copying TestEventListeners.
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestEventListeners);
+};
+
+// A UnitTest consists of a vector of TestCases.
+//
+// This is a singleton class.  The only instance of UnitTest is
+// created when UnitTest::GetInstance() is first called.  This
+// instance is never deleted.
+//
+// UnitTest is not copyable.
+//
+// This class is thread-safe as long as the methods are called
+// according to their specification.
+class GTEST_API_ UnitTest {
+ public:
+  // Gets the singleton UnitTest object.  The first time this method
+  // is called, a UnitTest object is constructed and returned.
+  // Consecutive calls will return the same object.
+  static UnitTest* GetInstance();
+
+  // Runs all tests in this UnitTest object and prints the result.
+  // Returns 0 if successful, or 1 otherwise.
+  //
+  // This method can only be called from the main thread.
+  //
+  // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+  int Run() GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_;
+
+  // Returns the working directory when the first TEST() or TEST_F()
+  // was executed.  The UnitTest object owns the string.
+  const char* original_working_dir() const;
+
+  // Returns the TestCase object for the test that's currently running,
+  // or NULL if no test is running.
+  const TestCase* current_test_case() const
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
+
+  // Returns the TestInfo object for the test that's currently running,
+  // or NULL if no test is running.
+  const TestInfo* current_test_info() const
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
+
+  // Returns the random seed used at the start of the current test run.
+  int random_seed() const;
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+  // Returns the ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry object used to keep track of
+  // value-parameterized tests and instantiate and register them.
+  //
+  // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+  internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry& parameterized_test_registry()
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+  // Gets the number of successful test cases.
+  int successful_test_case_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the number of failed test cases.
+  int failed_test_case_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the number of all test cases.
+  int total_test_case_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the number of all test cases that contain at least one test
+  // that should run.
+  int test_case_to_run_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the number of successful tests.
+  int successful_test_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the number of failed tests.
+  int failed_test_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
+  int reportable_disabled_test_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the number of disabled tests.
+  int disabled_test_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
+  int reportable_test_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the number of all tests.
+  int total_test_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the number of tests that should run.
+  int test_to_run_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
+  // UNIX epoch.
+  TimeInMillis start_timestamp() const;
+
+  // Gets the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
+  TimeInMillis elapsed_time() const;
+
+  // Returns true iff the unit test passed (i.e. all test cases passed).
+  bool Passed() const;
+
+  // Returns true iff the unit test failed (i.e. some test case failed
+  // or something outside of all tests failed).
+  bool Failed() const;
+
+  // Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
+  // total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
+  const TestCase* GetTestCase(int i) const;
+
+  // Returns the TestResult containing information on test failures and
+  // properties logged outside of individual test cases.
+  const TestResult& ad_hoc_test_result() const;
+
+  // Returns the list of event listeners that can be used to track events
+  // inside Google Test.
+  TestEventListeners& listeners();
+
+ private:
+  // Registers and returns a global test environment.  When a test
+  // program is run, all global test environments will be set-up in
+  // the order they were registered.  After all tests in the program
+  // have finished, all global test environments will be torn-down in
+  // the *reverse* order they were registered.
+  //
+  // The UnitTest object takes ownership of the given environment.
+  //
+  // This method can only be called from the main thread.
+  Environment* AddEnvironment(Environment* env);
+
+  // Adds a TestPartResult to the current TestResult object.  All
+  // Google Test assertion macros (e.g. ASSERT_TRUE, EXPECT_EQ, etc)
+  // eventually call this to report their results.  The user code
+  // should use the assertion macros instead of calling this directly.
+  void AddTestPartResult(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
+                         const char* file_name,
+                         int line_number,
+                         const std::string& message,
+                         const std::string& os_stack_trace)
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
+
+  // Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked from
+  // inside a test, to current TestCase's ad_hoc_test_result_ when invoked
+  // from SetUpTestCase or TearDownTestCase, or to the global property set
+  // when invoked elsewhere.  If the result already contains a property with
+  // the same key, the value will be updated.
+  void RecordProperty(const std::string& key, const std::string& value);
+
+  // Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
+  // total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
+  TestCase* GetMutableTestCase(int i);
+
+  // Accessors for the implementation object.
+  internal::UnitTestImpl* impl() { return impl_; }
+  const internal::UnitTestImpl* impl() const { return impl_; }
+
+  // These classes and funcions are friends as they need to access private
+  // members of UnitTest.
+  friend class Test;
+  friend class internal::AssertHelper;
+  friend class internal::ScopedTrace;
+  friend class internal::StreamingListenerTest;
+  friend class internal::UnitTestRecordPropertyTestHelper;
+  friend Environment* AddGlobalTestEnvironment(Environment* env);
+  friend internal::UnitTestImpl* internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
+  friend void internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(
+      TestPartResult::Type result_type,
+      const std::string& message);
+
+  // Creates an empty UnitTest.
+  UnitTest();
+
+  // D'tor
+  virtual ~UnitTest();
+
+  // Pushes a trace defined by SCOPED_TRACE() on to the per-thread
+  // Google Test trace stack.
+  void PushGTestTrace(const internal::TraceInfo& trace)
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
+
+  // Pops a trace from the per-thread Google Test trace stack.
+  void PopGTestTrace()
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
+
+  // Protects mutable state in *impl_.  This is mutable as some const
+  // methods need to lock it too.
+  mutable internal::Mutex mutex_;
+
+  // Opaque implementation object.  This field is never changed once
+  // the object is constructed.  We don't mark it as const here, as
+  // doing so will cause a warning in the constructor of UnitTest.
+  // Mutable state in *impl_ is protected by mutex_.
+  internal::UnitTestImpl* impl_;
+
+  // We disallow copying UnitTest.
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(UnitTest);
+};
+
+// A convenient wrapper for adding an environment for the test
+// program.
+//
+// You should call this before RUN_ALL_TESTS() is called, probably in
+// main().  If you use gtest_main, you need to call this before main()
+// starts for it to take effect.  For example, you can define a global
+// variable like this:
+//
+//   testing::Environment* const foo_env =
+//       testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new FooEnvironment);
+//
+// However, we strongly recommend you to write your own main() and
+// call AddGlobalTestEnvironment() there, as relying on initialization
+// of global variables makes the code harder to read and may cause
+// problems when you register multiple environments from different
+// translation units and the environments have dependencies among them
+// (remember that the compiler doesn't guarantee the order in which
+// global variables from different translation units are initialized).
+inline Environment* AddGlobalTestEnvironment(Environment* env) {
+  return UnitTest::GetInstance()->AddEnvironment(env);
+}
+
+// Initializes Google Test.  This must be called before calling
+// RUN_ALL_TESTS().  In particular, it parses a command line for the
+// flags that Google Test recognizes.  Whenever a Google Test flag is
+// seen, it is removed from argv, and *argc is decremented.
+//
+// No value is returned.  Instead, the Google Test flag variables are
+// updated.
+//
+// Calling the function for the second time has no user-visible effect.
+GTEST_API_ void InitGoogleTest(int* argc, char** argv);
+
+// This overloaded version can be used in Windows programs compiled in
+// UNICODE mode.
+GTEST_API_ void InitGoogleTest(int* argc, wchar_t** argv);
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// Separate the error generating code from the code path to reduce the stack
+// frame size of CmpHelperEQ. This helps reduce the overhead of some sanitizers
+// when calling EXPECT_* in a tight loop.
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+AssertionResult CmpHelperEQFailure(const char* lhs_expression,
+                                   const char* rhs_expression,
+                                   const T1& lhs, const T2& rhs) {
+  return EqFailure(lhs_expression,
+                   rhs_expression,
+                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(lhs, rhs),
+                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(rhs, lhs),
+                   false);
+}
+
+// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ.
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+AssertionResult CmpHelperEQ(const char* lhs_expression,
+                            const char* rhs_expression,
+                            const T1& lhs,
+                            const T2& rhs) {
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4389 /* signed/unsigned mismatch */)
+  if (lhs == rhs) {
+    return AssertionSuccess();
+  }
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+
+  return CmpHelperEQFailure(lhs_expression, rhs_expression, lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+// With this overloaded version, we allow anonymous enums to be used
+// in {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ when compiled with gcc 4, as anonymous enums
+// can be implicitly cast to BiggestInt.
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperEQ(const char* lhs_expression,
+                                       const char* rhs_expression,
+                                       BiggestInt lhs,
+                                       BiggestInt rhs);
+
+// The helper class for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ.  The template argument
+// lhs_is_null_literal is true iff the first argument to ASSERT_EQ()
+// is a null pointer literal.  The following default implementation is
+// for lhs_is_null_literal being false.
+template <bool lhs_is_null_literal>
+class EqHelper {
+ public:
+  // This templatized version is for the general case.
+  template <typename T1, typename T2>
+  static AssertionResult Compare(const char* lhs_expression,
+                                 const char* rhs_expression,
+                                 const T1& lhs,
+                                 const T2& rhs) {
+    return CmpHelperEQ(lhs_expression, rhs_expression, lhs, rhs);
+  }
+
+  // With this overloaded version, we allow anonymous enums to be used
+  // in {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ when compiled with gcc 4, as anonymous
+  // enums can be implicitly cast to BiggestInt.
+  //
+  // Even though its body looks the same as the above version, we
+  // cannot merge the two, as it will make anonymous enums unhappy.
+  static AssertionResult Compare(const char* lhs_expression,
+                                 const char* rhs_expression,
+                                 BiggestInt lhs,
+                                 BiggestInt rhs) {
+    return CmpHelperEQ(lhs_expression, rhs_expression, lhs, rhs);
+  }
+};
+
+// This specialization is used when the first argument to ASSERT_EQ()
+// is a null pointer literal, like NULL, false, or 0.
+template <>
+class EqHelper<true> {
+ public:
+  // We define two overloaded versions of Compare().  The first
+  // version will be picked when the second argument to ASSERT_EQ() is
+  // NOT a pointer, e.g. ASSERT_EQ(0, AnIntFunction()) or
+  // EXPECT_EQ(false, a_bool).
+  template <typename T1, typename T2>
+  static AssertionResult Compare(
+      const char* lhs_expression,
+      const char* rhs_expression,
+      const T1& lhs,
+      const T2& rhs,
+      // The following line prevents this overload from being considered if T2
+      // is not a pointer type.  We need this because ASSERT_EQ(NULL, my_ptr)
+      // expands to Compare("", "", NULL, my_ptr), which requires a conversion
+      // to match the Secret* in the other overload, which would otherwise make
+      // this template match better.
+      typename EnableIf<!is_pointer<T2>::value>::type* = 0) {
+    return CmpHelperEQ(lhs_expression, rhs_expression, lhs, rhs);
+  }
+
+  // This version will be picked when the second argument to ASSERT_EQ() is a
+  // pointer, e.g. ASSERT_EQ(NULL, a_pointer).
+  template <typename T>
+  static AssertionResult Compare(
+      const char* lhs_expression,
+      const char* rhs_expression,
+      // We used to have a second template parameter instead of Secret*.  That
+      // template parameter would deduce to 'long', making this a better match
+      // than the first overload even without the first overload's EnableIf.
+      // Unfortunately, gcc with -Wconversion-null warns when "passing NULL to
+      // non-pointer argument" (even a deduced integral argument), so the old
+      // implementation caused warnings in user code.
+      Secret* /* lhs (NULL) */,
+      T* rhs) {
+    // We already know that 'lhs' is a null pointer.
+    return CmpHelperEQ(lhs_expression, rhs_expression,
+                       static_cast<T*>(NULL), rhs);
+  }
+};
+
+// Separate the error generating code from the code path to reduce the stack
+// frame size of CmpHelperOP. This helps reduce the overhead of some sanitizers
+// when calling EXPECT_OP in a tight loop.
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+AssertionResult CmpHelperOpFailure(const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
+                                   const T1& val1, const T2& val2,
+                                   const char* op) {
+  return AssertionFailure()
+         << "Expected: (" << expr1 << ") " << op << " (" << expr2
+         << "), actual: " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val1, val2)
+         << " vs " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val2, val1);
+}
+
+// A macro for implementing the helper functions needed to implement
+// ASSERT_?? and EXPECT_??.  It is here just to avoid copy-and-paste
+// of similar code.
+//
+// For each templatized helper function, we also define an overloaded
+// version for BiggestInt in order to reduce code bloat and allow
+// anonymous enums to be used with {ASSERT|EXPECT}_?? when compiled
+// with gcc 4.
+//
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+
+#define GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(op_name, op)\
+template <typename T1, typename T2>\
+AssertionResult CmpHelper##op_name(const char* expr1, const char* expr2, \
+                                   const T1& val1, const T2& val2) {\
+  if (val1 op val2) {\
+    return AssertionSuccess();\
+  } else {\
+    return CmpHelperOpFailure(expr1, expr2, val1, val2, #op);\
+  }\
+}\
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelper##op_name(\
+    const char* expr1, const char* expr2, BiggestInt val1, BiggestInt val2)
+
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+
+// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NE
+GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(NE, !=);
+// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LE
+GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LE, <=);
+// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LT
+GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LT, <);
+// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GE
+GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GE, >=);
+// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GT
+GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GT, >);
+
+#undef GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_
+
+// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STREQ.
+//
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* s1_expression,
+                                          const char* s2_expression,
+                                          const char* s1,
+                                          const char* s2);
+
+// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASEEQ.
+//
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ(const char* s1_expression,
+                                              const char* s2_expression,
+                                              const char* s1,
+                                              const char* s2);
+
+// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRNE.
+//
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char* s1_expression,
+                                          const char* s2_expression,
+                                          const char* s1,
+                                          const char* s2);
+
+// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASENE.
+//
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASENE(const char* s1_expression,
+                                              const char* s2_expression,
+                                              const char* s1,
+                                              const char* s2);
+
+
+// Helper function for *_STREQ on wide strings.
+//
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* s1_expression,
+                                          const char* s2_expression,
+                                          const wchar_t* s1,
+                                          const wchar_t* s2);
+
+// Helper function for *_STRNE on wide strings.
+//
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char* s1_expression,
+                                          const char* s2_expression,
+                                          const wchar_t* s1,
+                                          const wchar_t* s2);
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// IsSubstring() and IsNotSubstring() are intended to be used as the
+// first argument to {EXPECT,ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT2(), not by
+// themselves.  They check whether needle is a substring of haystack
+// (NULL is considered a substring of itself only), and return an
+// appropriate error message when they fail.
+//
+// The {needle,haystack}_expr arguments are the stringified
+// expressions that generated the two real arguments.
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsSubstring(
+    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
+    const char* needle, const char* haystack);
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsSubstring(
+    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
+    const wchar_t* needle, const wchar_t* haystack);
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
+    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
+    const char* needle, const char* haystack);
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
+    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
+    const wchar_t* needle, const wchar_t* haystack);
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsSubstring(
+    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
+    const ::std::string& needle, const ::std::string& haystack);
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
+    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
+    const ::std::string& needle, const ::std::string& haystack);
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsSubstring(
+    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
+    const ::std::wstring& needle, const ::std::wstring& haystack);
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
+    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
+    const ::std::wstring& needle, const ::std::wstring& haystack);
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// Helper template function for comparing floating-points.
+//
+// Template parameter:
+//
+//   RawType: the raw floating-point type (either float or double)
+//
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+template <typename RawType>
+AssertionResult CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ(const char* lhs_expression,
+                                         const char* rhs_expression,
+                                         RawType lhs_value,
+                                         RawType rhs_value) {
+  const FloatingPoint<RawType> lhs(lhs_value), rhs(rhs_value);
+
+  if (lhs.AlmostEquals(rhs)) {
+    return AssertionSuccess();
+  }
+
+  ::std::stringstream lhs_ss;
+  lhs_ss << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2)
+         << lhs_value;
+
+  ::std::stringstream rhs_ss;
+  rhs_ss << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2)
+         << rhs_value;
+
+  return EqFailure(lhs_expression,
+                   rhs_expression,
+                   StringStreamToString(&lhs_ss),
+                   StringStreamToString(&rhs_ss),
+                   false);
+}
+
+// Helper function for implementing ASSERT_NEAR.
+//
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult DoubleNearPredFormat(const char* expr1,
+                                                const char* expr2,
+                                                const char* abs_error_expr,
+                                                double val1,
+                                                double val2,
+                                                double abs_error);
+
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
+// A class that enables one to stream messages to assertion macros
+class GTEST_API_ AssertHelper {
+ public:
+  // Constructor.
+  AssertHelper(TestPartResult::Type type,
+               const char* file,
+               int line,
+               const char* message);
+  ~AssertHelper();
+
+  // Message assignment is a semantic trick to enable assertion
+  // streaming; see the GTEST_MESSAGE_ macro below.
+  void operator=(const Message& message) const;
+
+ private:
+  // We put our data in a struct so that the size of the AssertHelper class can
+  // be as small as possible.  This is important because gcc is incapable of
+  // re-using stack space even for temporary variables, so every EXPECT_EQ
+  // reserves stack space for another AssertHelper.
+  struct AssertHelperData {
+    AssertHelperData(TestPartResult::Type t,
+                     const char* srcfile,
+                     int line_num,
+                     const char* msg)
+        : type(t), file(srcfile), line(line_num), message(msg) { }
+
+    TestPartResult::Type const type;
+    const char* const file;
+    int const line;
+    std::string const message;
+
+   private:
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(AssertHelperData);
+  };
+
+  AssertHelperData* const data_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(AssertHelper);
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+// The pure interface class that all value-parameterized tests inherit from.
+// A value-parameterized class must inherit from both ::testing::Test and
+// ::testing::WithParamInterface. In most cases that just means inheriting
+// from ::testing::TestWithParam, but more complicated test hierarchies
+// may need to inherit from Test and WithParamInterface at different levels.
+//
+// This interface has support for accessing the test parameter value via
+// the GetParam() method.
+//
+// Use it with one of the parameter generator defining functions, like Range(),
+// Values(), ValuesIn(), Bool(), and Combine().
+//
+// class FooTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<int> {
+//  protected:
+//   FooTest() {
+//     // Can use GetParam() here.
+//   }
+//   virtual ~FooTest() {
+//     // Can use GetParam() here.
+//   }
+//   virtual void SetUp() {
+//     // Can use GetParam() here.
+//   }
+//   virtual void TearDown {
+//     // Can use GetParam() here.
+//   }
+// };
+// TEST_P(FooTest, DoesBar) {
+//   // Can use GetParam() method here.
+//   Foo foo;
+//   ASSERT_TRUE(foo.DoesBar(GetParam()));
+// }
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(OneToTenRange, FooTest, ::testing::Range(1, 10));
+
+template <typename T>
+class WithParamInterface {
+ public:
+  typedef T ParamType;
+  virtual ~WithParamInterface() {}
+
+  // The current parameter value. Is also available in the test fixture's
+  // constructor. This member function is non-static, even though it only
+  // references static data, to reduce the opportunity for incorrect uses
+  // like writing 'WithParamInterface<bool>::GetParam()' for a test that
+  // uses a fixture whose parameter type is int.
+  const ParamType& GetParam() const {
+    GTEST_CHECK_(parameter_ != NULL)
+        << "GetParam() can only be called inside a value-parameterized test "
+        << "-- did you intend to write TEST_P instead of TEST_F?";
+    return *parameter_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // Sets parameter value. The caller is responsible for making sure the value
+  // remains alive and unchanged throughout the current test.
+  static void SetParam(const ParamType* parameter) {
+    parameter_ = parameter;
+  }
+
+  // Static value used for accessing parameter during a test lifetime.
+  static const ParamType* parameter_;
+
+  // TestClass must be a subclass of WithParamInterface<T> and Test.
+  template <class TestClass> friend class internal::ParameterizedTestFactory;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+const T* WithParamInterface<T>::parameter_ = NULL;
+
+// Most value-parameterized classes can ignore the existence of
+// WithParamInterface, and can just inherit from ::testing::TestWithParam.
+
+template <typename T>
+class TestWithParam : public Test, public WithParamInterface<T> {
+};
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+// Macros for indicating success/failure in test code.
+
+// ADD_FAILURE unconditionally adds a failure to the current test.
+// SUCCEED generates a success - it doesn't automatically make the
+// current test successful, as a test is only successful when it has
+// no failure.
+//
+// EXPECT_* verifies that a certain condition is satisfied.  If not,
+// it behaves like ADD_FAILURE.  In particular:
+//
+//   EXPECT_TRUE  verifies that a Boolean condition is true.
+//   EXPECT_FALSE verifies that a Boolean condition is false.
+//
+// FAIL and ASSERT_* are similar to ADD_FAILURE and EXPECT_*, except
+// that they will also abort the current function on failure.  People
+// usually want the fail-fast behavior of FAIL and ASSERT_*, but those
+// writing data-driven tests often find themselves using ADD_FAILURE
+// and EXPECT_* more.
+
+// Generates a nonfatal failure with a generic message.
+#define ADD_FAILURE() GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_("Failed")
+
+// Generates a nonfatal failure at the given source file location with
+// a generic message.
+#define ADD_FAILURE_AT(file, line) \
+  GTEST_MESSAGE_AT_(file, line, "Failed", \
+                    ::testing::TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure)
+
+// Generates a fatal failure with a generic message.
+#define GTEST_FAIL() GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_("Failed")
+
+// Define this macro to 1 to omit the definition of FAIL(), which is a
+// generic name and clashes with some other libraries.
+#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_FAIL
+# define FAIL() GTEST_FAIL()
+#endif
+
+// Generates a success with a generic message.
+#define GTEST_SUCCEED() GTEST_SUCCESS_("Succeeded")
+
+// Define this macro to 1 to omit the definition of SUCCEED(), which
+// is a generic name and clashes with some other libraries.
+#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_SUCCEED
+# define SUCCEED() GTEST_SUCCEED()
+#endif
+
+// Macros for testing exceptions.
+//
+//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_THROW(statement, expected_exception):
+//         Tests that the statement throws the expected exception.
+//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NO_THROW(statement):
+//         Tests that the statement doesn't throw any exception.
+//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_ANY_THROW(statement):
+//         Tests that the statement throws an exception.
+
+#define EXPECT_THROW(statement, expected_exception) \
+  GTEST_TEST_THROW_(statement, expected_exception, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define EXPECT_NO_THROW(statement) \
+  GTEST_TEST_NO_THROW_(statement, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define EXPECT_ANY_THROW(statement) \
+  GTEST_TEST_ANY_THROW_(statement, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define ASSERT_THROW(statement, expected_exception) \
+  GTEST_TEST_THROW_(statement, expected_exception, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define ASSERT_NO_THROW(statement) \
+  GTEST_TEST_NO_THROW_(statement, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define ASSERT_ANY_THROW(statement) \
+  GTEST_TEST_ANY_THROW_(statement, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
+
+// Boolean assertions. Condition can be either a Boolean expression or an
+// AssertionResult. For more information on how to use AssertionResult with
+// these macros see comments on that class.
+#define EXPECT_TRUE(condition) \
+  GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_((condition), #condition, false, true, \
+                      GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define EXPECT_FALSE(condition) \
+  GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_(!(condition), #condition, true, false, \
+                      GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define ASSERT_TRUE(condition) \
+  GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_((condition), #condition, false, true, \
+                      GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define ASSERT_FALSE(condition) \
+  GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_(!(condition), #condition, true, false, \
+                      GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
+
+// Includes the auto-generated header that implements a family of
+// generic predicate assertion macros.
+#include "gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h"
+
+// Macros for testing equalities and inequalities.
+//
+//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ(v1, v2): Tests that v1 == v2
+//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NE(v1, v2): Tests that v1 != v2
+//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LT(v1, v2): Tests that v1 < v2
+//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LE(v1, v2): Tests that v1 <= v2
+//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GT(v1, v2): Tests that v1 > v2
+//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GE(v1, v2): Tests that v1 >= v2
+//
+// When they are not, Google Test prints both the tested expressions and
+// their actual values.  The values must be compatible built-in types,
+// or you will get a compiler error.  By "compatible" we mean that the
+// values can be compared by the respective operator.
+//
+// Note:
+//
+//   1. It is possible to make a user-defined type work with
+//   {ASSERT|EXPECT}_??(), but that requires overloading the
+//   comparison operators and is thus discouraged by the Google C++
+//   Usage Guide.  Therefore, you are advised to use the
+//   {ASSERT|EXPECT}_TRUE() macro to assert that two objects are
+//   equal.
+//
+//   2. The {ASSERT|EXPECT}_??() macros do pointer comparisons on
+//   pointers (in particular, C strings).  Therefore, if you use it
+//   with two C strings, you are testing how their locations in memory
+//   are related, not how their content is related.  To compare two C
+//   strings by content, use {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STR*().
+//
+//   3. {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ(v1, v2) is preferred to
+//   {ASSERT|EXPECT}_TRUE(v1 == v2), as the former tells you
+//   what the actual value is when it fails, and similarly for the
+//   other comparisons.
+//
+//   4. Do not depend on the order in which {ASSERT|EXPECT}_??()
+//   evaluate their arguments, which is undefined.
+//
+//   5. These macros evaluate their arguments exactly once.
+//
+// Examples:
+//
+//   EXPECT_NE(5, Foo());
+//   EXPECT_EQ(NULL, a_pointer);
+//   ASSERT_LT(i, array_size);
+//   ASSERT_GT(records.size(), 0) << "There is no record left.";
+
+#define EXPECT_EQ(val1, val2) \
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal:: \
+                      EqHelper<GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(val1)>::Compare, \
+                      val1, val2)
+#define EXPECT_NE(val1, val2) \
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperNE, val1, val2)
+#define EXPECT_LE(val1, val2) \
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperLE, val1, val2)
+#define EXPECT_LT(val1, val2) \
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperLT, val1, val2)
+#define EXPECT_GE(val1, val2) \
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperGE, val1, val2)
+#define EXPECT_GT(val1, val2) \
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperGT, val1, val2)
+
+#define GTEST_ASSERT_EQ(val1, val2) \
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal:: \
+                      EqHelper<GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(val1)>::Compare, \
+                      val1, val2)
+#define GTEST_ASSERT_NE(val1, val2) \
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperNE, val1, val2)
+#define GTEST_ASSERT_LE(val1, val2) \
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperLE, val1, val2)
+#define GTEST_ASSERT_LT(val1, val2) \
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperLT, val1, val2)
+#define GTEST_ASSERT_GE(val1, val2) \
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperGE, val1, val2)
+#define GTEST_ASSERT_GT(val1, val2) \
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperGT, val1, val2)
+
+// Define macro GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_XY to 1 to omit the definition of
+// ASSERT_XY(), which clashes with some users' own code.
+
+#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_EQ
+# define ASSERT_EQ(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_EQ(val1, val2)
+#endif
+
+#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_NE
+# define ASSERT_NE(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_NE(val1, val2)
+#endif
+
+#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_LE
+# define ASSERT_LE(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_LE(val1, val2)
+#endif
+
+#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_LT
+# define ASSERT_LT(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_LT(val1, val2)
+#endif
+
+#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_GE
+# define ASSERT_GE(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_GE(val1, val2)
+#endif
+
+#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_GT
+# define ASSERT_GT(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_GT(val1, val2)
+#endif
+
+// C-string Comparisons.  All tests treat NULL and any non-NULL string
+// as different.  Two NULLs are equal.
+//
+//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STREQ(s1, s2):     Tests that s1 == s2
+//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRNE(s1, s2):     Tests that s1 != s2
+//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASEEQ(s1, s2): Tests that s1 == s2, ignoring case
+//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASENE(s1, s2): Tests that s1 != s2, ignoring case
+//
+// For wide or narrow string objects, you can use the
+// {ASSERT|EXPECT}_??() macros.
+//
+// Don't depend on the order in which the arguments are evaluated,
+// which is undefined.
+//
+// These macros evaluate their arguments exactly once.
+
+#define EXPECT_STREQ(s1, s2) \
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTREQ, s1, s2)
+#define EXPECT_STRNE(s1, s2) \
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRNE, s1, s2)
+#define EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(s1, s2) \
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ, s1, s2)
+#define EXPECT_STRCASENE(s1, s2)\
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRCASENE, s1, s2)
+
+#define ASSERT_STREQ(s1, s2) \
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTREQ, s1, s2)
+#define ASSERT_STRNE(s1, s2) \
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRNE, s1, s2)
+#define ASSERT_STRCASEEQ(s1, s2) \
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ, s1, s2)
+#define ASSERT_STRCASENE(s1, s2)\
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRCASENE, s1, s2)
+
+// Macros for comparing floating-point numbers.
+//
+//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_FLOAT_EQ(val1, val2):
+//         Tests that two float values are almost equal.
+//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_DOUBLE_EQ(val1, val2):
+//         Tests that two double values are almost equal.
+//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NEAR(v1, v2, abs_error):
+//         Tests that v1 and v2 are within the given distance to each other.
+//
+// Google Test uses ULP-based comparison to automatically pick a default
+// error bound that is appropriate for the operands.  See the
+// FloatingPoint template class in gtest-internal.h if you are
+// interested in the implementation details.
+
+#define EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(val1, val2)\
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ<float>, \
+                      val1, val2)
+
+#define EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(val1, val2)\
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ<double>, \
+                      val1, val2)
+
+#define ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(val1, val2)\
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ<float>, \
+                      val1, val2)
+
+#define ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(val1, val2)\
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ<double>, \
+                      val1, val2)
+
+#define EXPECT_NEAR(val1, val2, abs_error)\
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3(::testing::internal::DoubleNearPredFormat, \
+                      val1, val2, abs_error)
+
+#define ASSERT_NEAR(val1, val2, abs_error)\
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3(::testing::internal::DoubleNearPredFormat, \
+                      val1, val2, abs_error)
+
+// These predicate format functions work on floating-point values, and
+// can be used in {ASSERT|EXPECT}_PRED_FORMAT2*(), e.g.
+//
+//   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::DoubleLE, Foo(), 5.0);
+
+// Asserts that val1 is less than, or almost equal to, val2.  Fails
+// otherwise.  In particular, it fails if either val1 or val2 is NaN.
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult FloatLE(const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
+                                   float val1, float val2);
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult DoubleLE(const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
+                                    double val1, double val2);
+
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+// Macros that test for HRESULT failure and success, these are only useful
+// on Windows, and rely on Windows SDK macros and APIs to compile.
+//
+//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_HRESULT_{SUCCEEDED|FAILED}(expr)
+//
+// When expr unexpectedly fails or succeeds, Google Test prints the
+// expected result and the actual result with both a human-readable
+// string representation of the error, if available, as well as the
+// hex result code.
+# define EXPECT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(expr) \
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(::testing::internal::IsHRESULTSuccess, (expr))
+
+# define ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(expr) \
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(::testing::internal::IsHRESULTSuccess, (expr))
+
+# define EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED(expr) \
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(::testing::internal::IsHRESULTFailure, (expr))
+
+# define ASSERT_HRESULT_FAILED(expr) \
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(::testing::internal::IsHRESULTFailure, (expr))
+
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+// Macros that execute statement and check that it doesn't generate new fatal
+// failures in the current thread.
+//
+//   * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(statement);
+//
+// Examples:
+//
+//   EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Process());
+//   ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Process()) << "Process() failed";
+//
+#define ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(statement) \
+    GTEST_TEST_NO_FATAL_FAILURE_(statement, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(statement) \
+    GTEST_TEST_NO_FATAL_FAILURE_(statement, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
+
+// Causes a trace (including the source file path, the current line
+// number, and the given message) to be included in every test failure
+// message generated by code in the current scope.  The effect is
+// undone when the control leaves the current scope.
+//
+// The message argument can be anything streamable to std::ostream.
+//
+// In the implementation, we include the current line number as part
+// of the dummy variable name, thus allowing multiple SCOPED_TRACE()s
+// to appear in the same block - as long as they are on different
+// lines.
+#define SCOPED_TRACE(message) \
+  ::testing::internal::ScopedTrace GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_trace_, __LINE__)(\
+    __FILE__, __LINE__, ::testing::Message() << (message))
+
+// Compile-time assertion for type equality.
+// StaticAssertTypeEq<type1, type2>() compiles iff type1 and type2 are
+// the same type.  The value it returns is not interesting.
+//
+// Instead of making StaticAssertTypeEq a class template, we make it a
+// function template that invokes a helper class template.  This
+// prevents a user from misusing StaticAssertTypeEq<T1, T2> by
+// defining objects of that type.
+//
+// CAVEAT:
+//
+// When used inside a method of a class template,
+// StaticAssertTypeEq<T1, T2>() is effective ONLY IF the method is
+// instantiated.  For example, given:
+//
+//   template <typename T> class Foo {
+//    public:
+//     void Bar() { testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<int, T>(); }
+//   };
+//
+// the code:
+//
+//   void Test1() { Foo<bool> foo; }
+//
+// will NOT generate a compiler error, as Foo<bool>::Bar() is never
+// actually instantiated.  Instead, you need:
+//
+//   void Test2() { Foo<bool> foo; foo.Bar(); }
+//
+// to cause a compiler error.
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+bool StaticAssertTypeEq() {
+  (void)internal::StaticAssertTypeEqHelper<T1, T2>();
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Defines a test.
+//
+// The first parameter is the name of the test case, and the second
+// parameter is the name of the test within the test case.
+//
+// The convention is to end the test case name with "Test".  For
+// example, a test case for the Foo class can be named FooTest.
+//
+// Test code should appear between braces after an invocation of
+// this macro.  Example:
+//
+//   TEST(FooTest, InitializesCorrectly) {
+//     Foo foo;
+//     EXPECT_TRUE(foo.StatusIsOK());
+//   }
+
+// Note that we call GetTestTypeId() instead of GetTypeId<
+// ::testing::Test>() here to get the type ID of testing::Test.  This
+// is to work around a suspected linker bug when using Google Test as
+// a framework on Mac OS X.  The bug causes GetTypeId<
+// ::testing::Test>() to return different values depending on whether
+// the call is from the Google Test framework itself or from user test
+// code.  GetTestTypeId() is guaranteed to always return the same
+// value, as it always calls GetTypeId<>() from the Google Test
+// framework.
+#define GTEST_TEST(test_case_name, test_name)\
+  GTEST_TEST_(test_case_name, test_name, \
+              ::testing::Test, ::testing::internal::GetTestTypeId())
+
+// Define this macro to 1 to omit the definition of TEST(), which
+// is a generic name and clashes with some other libraries.
+#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_TEST
+# define TEST(test_case_name, test_name) GTEST_TEST(test_case_name, test_name)
+#endif
+
+// Defines a test that uses a test fixture.
+//
+// The first parameter is the name of the test fixture class, which
+// also doubles as the test case name.  The second parameter is the
+// name of the test within the test case.
+//
+// A test fixture class must be declared earlier.  The user should put
+// his test code between braces after using this macro.  Example:
+//
+//   class FooTest : public testing::Test {
+//    protected:
+//     virtual void SetUp() { b_.AddElement(3); }
+//
+//     Foo a_;
+//     Foo b_;
+//   };
+//
+//   TEST_F(FooTest, InitializesCorrectly) {
+//     EXPECT_TRUE(a_.StatusIsOK());
+//   }
+//
+//   TEST_F(FooTest, ReturnsElementCountCorrectly) {
+//     EXPECT_EQ(0, a_.size());
+//     EXPECT_EQ(1, b_.size());
+//   }
+
+#define TEST_F(test_fixture, test_name)\
+  GTEST_TEST_(test_fixture, test_name, test_fixture, \
+              ::testing::internal::GetTypeId<test_fixture>())
+
+}  // namespace testing
+
+// Use this function in main() to run all tests.  It returns 0 if all
+// tests are successful, or 1 otherwise.
+//
+// RUN_ALL_TESTS() should be invoked after the command line has been
+// parsed by InitGoogleTest().
+//
+// This function was formerly a macro; thus, it is in the global
+// namespace and has an all-caps name.
+int RUN_ALL_TESTS() GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_;
+
+inline int RUN_ALL_TESTS() {
+  return ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->Run();
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..30ae712f50ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+// Copyright 2006, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This file is AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED on 10/31/2011 by command
+// 'gen_gtest_pred_impl.py 5'.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
+//
+// Implements a family of generic predicate assertion macros.
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRED_IMPL_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRED_IMPL_H_
+
+// Makes sure this header is not included before gtest.h.
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
+# error Do not include gtest_pred_impl.h directly.  Include gtest.h instead.
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
+
+// This header implements a family of generic predicate assertion
+// macros:
+//
+//   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(pred_format, v1)
+//   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(pred_format, v1, v2)
+//   ...
+//
+// where pred_format is a function or functor that takes n (in the
+// case of ASSERT_PRED_FORMATn) values and their source expression
+// text, and returns a testing::AssertionResult.  See the definition
+// of ASSERT_EQ in gtest.h for an example.
+//
+// If you don't care about formatting, you can use the more
+// restrictive version:
+//
+//   ASSERT_PRED1(pred, v1)
+//   ASSERT_PRED2(pred, v1, v2)
+//   ...
+//
+// where pred is an n-ary function or functor that returns bool,
+// and the values v1, v2, ..., must support the << operator for
+// streaming to std::ostream.
+//
+// We also define the EXPECT_* variations.
+//
+// For now we only support predicates whose arity is at most 5.
+// Please email googletestframework@googlegroups.com if you need
+// support for higher arities.
+
+// GTEST_ASSERT_ is the basic statement to which all of the assertions
+// in this file reduce.  Don't use this in your code.
+
+#define GTEST_ASSERT_(expression, on_failure) \
+  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
+  if (const ::testing::AssertionResult gtest_ar = (expression)) \
+    ; \
+  else \
+    on_failure(gtest_ar.failure_message())
+
+
+// Helper function for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED1.  Don't use
+// this in your code.
+template <typename Pred,
+          typename T1>
+AssertionResult AssertPred1Helper(const char* pred_text,
+                                  const char* e1,
+                                  Pred pred,
+                                  const T1& v1) {
+  if (pred(v1)) return AssertionSuccess();
+
+  return AssertionFailure() << pred_text << "("
+                            << e1 << ") evaluates to false, where"
+                            << "\n" << e1 << " evaluates to " << v1;
+}
+
+// Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT1.
+// Don't use this in your code.
+#define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT1_(pred_format, v1, on_failure)\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, v1), \
+                on_failure)
+
+// Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED1.  Don't use
+// this in your code.
+#define GTEST_PRED1_(pred, v1, on_failure)\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(::testing::AssertPred1Helper(#pred, \
+                                             #v1, \
+                                             pred, \
+                                             v1), on_failure)
+
+// Unary predicate assertion macros.
+#define EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(pred_format, v1) \
+  GTEST_PRED_FORMAT1_(pred_format, v1, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define EXPECT_PRED1(pred, v1) \
+  GTEST_PRED1_(pred, v1, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(pred_format, v1) \
+  GTEST_PRED_FORMAT1_(pred_format, v1, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define ASSERT_PRED1(pred, v1) \
+  GTEST_PRED1_(pred, v1, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
+
+
+
+// Helper function for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED2.  Don't use
+// this in your code.
+template <typename Pred,
+          typename T1,
+          typename T2>
+AssertionResult AssertPred2Helper(const char* pred_text,
+                                  const char* e1,
+                                  const char* e2,
+                                  Pred pred,
+                                  const T1& v1,
+                                  const T2& v2) {
+  if (pred(v1, v2)) return AssertionSuccess();
+
+  return AssertionFailure() << pred_text << "("
+                            << e1 << ", "
+                            << e2 << ") evaluates to false, where"
+                            << "\n" << e1 << " evaluates to " << v1
+                            << "\n" << e2 << " evaluates to " << v2;
+}
+
+// Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT2.
+// Don't use this in your code.
+#define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT2_(pred_format, v1, v2, on_failure)\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, v1, v2), \
+                on_failure)
+
+// Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED2.  Don't use
+// this in your code.
+#define GTEST_PRED2_(pred, v1, v2, on_failure)\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(::testing::AssertPred2Helper(#pred, \
+                                             #v1, \
+                                             #v2, \
+                                             pred, \
+                                             v1, \
+                                             v2), on_failure)
+
+// Binary predicate assertion macros.
+#define EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(pred_format, v1, v2) \
+  GTEST_PRED_FORMAT2_(pred_format, v1, v2, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define EXPECT_PRED2(pred, v1, v2) \
+  GTEST_PRED2_(pred, v1, v2, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(pred_format, v1, v2) \
+  GTEST_PRED_FORMAT2_(pred_format, v1, v2, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define ASSERT_PRED2(pred, v1, v2) \
+  GTEST_PRED2_(pred, v1, v2, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
+
+
+
+// Helper function for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED3.  Don't use
+// this in your code.
+template <typename Pred,
+          typename T1,
+          typename T2,
+          typename T3>
+AssertionResult AssertPred3Helper(const char* pred_text,
+                                  const char* e1,
+                                  const char* e2,
+                                  const char* e3,
+                                  Pred pred,
+                                  const T1& v1,
+                                  const T2& v2,
+                                  const T3& v3) {
+  if (pred(v1, v2, v3)) return AssertionSuccess();
+
+  return AssertionFailure() << pred_text << "("
+                            << e1 << ", "
+                            << e2 << ", "
+                            << e3 << ") evaluates to false, where"
+                            << "\n" << e1 << " evaluates to " << v1
+                            << "\n" << e2 << " evaluates to " << v2
+                            << "\n" << e3 << " evaluates to " << v3;
+}
+
+// Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT3.
+// Don't use this in your code.
+#define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT3_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, on_failure)\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, #v3, v1, v2, v3), \
+                on_failure)
+
+// Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED3.  Don't use
+// this in your code.
+#define GTEST_PRED3_(pred, v1, v2, v3, on_failure)\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(::testing::AssertPred3Helper(#pred, \
+                                             #v1, \
+                                             #v2, \
+                                             #v3, \
+                                             pred, \
+                                             v1, \
+                                             v2, \
+                                             v3), on_failure)
+
+// Ternary predicate assertion macros.
+#define EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3(pred_format, v1, v2, v3) \
+  GTEST_PRED_FORMAT3_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define EXPECT_PRED3(pred, v1, v2, v3) \
+  GTEST_PRED3_(pred, v1, v2, v3, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3(pred_format, v1, v2, v3) \
+  GTEST_PRED_FORMAT3_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define ASSERT_PRED3(pred, v1, v2, v3) \
+  GTEST_PRED3_(pred, v1, v2, v3, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
+
+
+
+// Helper function for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED4.  Don't use
+// this in your code.
+template <typename Pred,
+          typename T1,
+          typename T2,
+          typename T3,
+          typename T4>
+AssertionResult AssertPred4Helper(const char* pred_text,
+                                  const char* e1,
+                                  const char* e2,
+                                  const char* e3,
+                                  const char* e4,
+                                  Pred pred,
+                                  const T1& v1,
+                                  const T2& v2,
+                                  const T3& v3,
+                                  const T4& v4) {
+  if (pred(v1, v2, v3, v4)) return AssertionSuccess();
+
+  return AssertionFailure() << pred_text << "("
+                            << e1 << ", "
+                            << e2 << ", "
+                            << e3 << ", "
+                            << e4 << ") evaluates to false, where"
+                            << "\n" << e1 << " evaluates to " << v1
+                            << "\n" << e2 << " evaluates to " << v2
+                            << "\n" << e3 << " evaluates to " << v3
+                            << "\n" << e4 << " evaluates to " << v4;
+}
+
+// Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT4.
+// Don't use this in your code.
+#define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT4_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4, on_failure)\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, #v3, #v4, v1, v2, v3, v4), \
+                on_failure)
+
+// Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED4.  Don't use
+// this in your code.
+#define GTEST_PRED4_(pred, v1, v2, v3, v4, on_failure)\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(::testing::AssertPred4Helper(#pred, \
+                                             #v1, \
+                                             #v2, \
+                                             #v3, \
+                                             #v4, \
+                                             pred, \
+                                             v1, \
+                                             v2, \
+                                             v3, \
+                                             v4), on_failure)
+
+// 4-ary predicate assertion macros.
+#define EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4) \
+  GTEST_PRED_FORMAT4_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define EXPECT_PRED4(pred, v1, v2, v3, v4) \
+  GTEST_PRED4_(pred, v1, v2, v3, v4, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4) \
+  GTEST_PRED_FORMAT4_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define ASSERT_PRED4(pred, v1, v2, v3, v4) \
+  GTEST_PRED4_(pred, v1, v2, v3, v4, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
+
+
+
+// Helper function for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED5.  Don't use
+// this in your code.
+template <typename Pred,
+          typename T1,
+          typename T2,
+          typename T3,
+          typename T4,
+          typename T5>
+AssertionResult AssertPred5Helper(const char* pred_text,
+                                  const char* e1,
+                                  const char* e2,
+                                  const char* e3,
+                                  const char* e4,
+                                  const char* e5,
+                                  Pred pred,
+                                  const T1& v1,
+                                  const T2& v2,
+                                  const T3& v3,
+                                  const T4& v4,
+                                  const T5& v5) {
+  if (pred(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5)) return AssertionSuccess();
+
+  return AssertionFailure() << pred_text << "("
+                            << e1 << ", "
+                            << e2 << ", "
+                            << e3 << ", "
+                            << e4 << ", "
+                            << e5 << ") evaluates to false, where"
+                            << "\n" << e1 << " evaluates to " << v1
+                            << "\n" << e2 << " evaluates to " << v2
+                            << "\n" << e3 << " evaluates to " << v3
+                            << "\n" << e4 << " evaluates to " << v4
+                            << "\n" << e5 << " evaluates to " << v5;
+}
+
+// Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT5.
+// Don't use this in your code.
+#define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT5_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, on_failure)\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, #v3, #v4, #v5, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5), \
+                on_failure)
+
+// Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED5.  Don't use
+// this in your code.
+#define GTEST_PRED5_(pred, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, on_failure)\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(::testing::AssertPred5Helper(#pred, \
+                                             #v1, \
+                                             #v2, \
+                                             #v3, \
+                                             #v4, \
+                                             #v5, \
+                                             pred, \
+                                             v1, \
+                                             v2, \
+                                             v3, \
+                                             v4, \
+                                             v5), on_failure)
+
+// 5-ary predicate assertion macros.
+#define EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5) \
+  GTEST_PRED_FORMAT5_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define EXPECT_PRED5(pred, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5) \
+  GTEST_PRED5_(pred, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5) \
+  GTEST_PRED_FORMAT5_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define ASSERT_PRED5(pred, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5) \
+  GTEST_PRED5_(pred, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
+
+
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRED_IMPL_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest_prod.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest_prod.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..da80ddc6c70e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/gtest_prod.h
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// Copyright 2006, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+//
+// Google C++ Testing Framework definitions useful in production code.
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PROD_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PROD_H_
+
+// When you need to test the private or protected members of a class,
+// use the FRIEND_TEST macro to declare your tests as friends of the
+// class.  For example:
+//
+// class MyClass {
+//  private:
+//   void MyMethod();
+//   FRIEND_TEST(MyClassTest, MyMethod);
+// };
+//
+// class MyClassTest : public testing::Test {
+//   // ...
+// };
+//
+// TEST_F(MyClassTest, MyMethod) {
+//   // Can call MyClass::MyMethod() here.
+// }
+
+#define FRIEND_TEST(test_case_name, test_name)\
+friend class test_case_name##_##test_name##_Test
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PROD_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/custom/gtest-port.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/custom/gtest-port.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7e744bd3bb38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/custom/gtest-port.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Injection point for custom user configurations.
+// The following macros can be defined:
+//
+//   Flag related macros:
+//     GTEST_FLAG(flag_name)
+//     GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_  - Define to 0 when the system provides its
+//                                     own flagfile flag parsing.
+//     GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(name)
+//     GTEST_DECLARE_int32_(name)
+//     GTEST_DECLARE_string_(name)
+//     GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(name, default_val, doc)
+//     GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(name, default_val, doc)
+//     GTEST_DEFINE_string_(name, default_val, doc)
+//
+//   Test filtering:
+//     GTEST_TEST_FILTER_ENV_VAR_ - The name of an environment variable that
+//                                  will be used if --GTEST_FLAG(test_filter)
+//                                  is not provided.
+//
+//   Logging:
+//     GTEST_LOG_(severity)
+//     GTEST_CHECK_(condition)
+//     Functions LogToStderr() and FlushInfoLog() have to be provided too.
+//
+//   Threading:
+//     GTEST_HAS_NOTIFICATION_ - Enabled if Notification is already provided.
+//     GTEST_HAS_MUTEX_AND_THREAD_LOCAL_ - Enabled if Mutex and ThreadLocal are
+//                                         already provided.
+//     Must also provide GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) and
+//     GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex)
+//
+//     GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(locks)
+//     GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(locks)
+//
+// ** Custom implementation starts here **
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GTEST_PORT_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GTEST_PORT_H_
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GTEST_PORT_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/custom/gtest-printers.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/custom/gtest-printers.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..60c1ea050b61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/custom/gtest-printers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// This file provides an injection point for custom printers in a local
+// installation of gTest.
+// It will be included from gtest-printers.h and the overrides in this file
+// will be visible to everyone.
+// See documentation at gtest/gtest-printers.h for details on how to define a
+// custom printer.
+//
+// ** Custom implementation starts here **
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GTEST_PRINTERS_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GTEST_PRINTERS_H_
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GTEST_PRINTERS_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/custom/gtest.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/custom/gtest.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c27412a89818
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/custom/gtest.h
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Injection point for custom user configurations.
+// The following macros can be defined:
+//
+// GTEST_OS_STACK_TRACE_GETTER_  - The name of an implementation of
+//                                 OsStackTraceGetterInterface.
+//
+// ** Custom implementation starts here **
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GTEST_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GTEST_H_
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GTEST_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2b3a78f5bf86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Authors: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan), eefacm@gmail.com (Sean Mcafee)
+//
+// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+//
+// This header file defines internal utilities needed for implementing
+// death tests.  They are subject to change without notice.
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_DEATH_TEST_INTERNAL_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_DEATH_TEST_INTERNAL_H_
+
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+namespace testing {
+namespace internal {
+
+GTEST_DECLARE_string_(internal_run_death_test);
+
+// Names of the flags (needed for parsing Google Test flags).
+const char kDeathTestStyleFlag[] = "death_test_style";
+const char kDeathTestUseFork[] = "death_test_use_fork";
+const char kInternalRunDeathTestFlag[] = "internal_run_death_test";
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+// DeathTest is a class that hides much of the complexity of the
+// GTEST_DEATH_TEST_ macro.  It is abstract; its static Create method
+// returns a concrete class that depends on the prevailing death test
+// style, as defined by the --gtest_death_test_style and/or
+// --gtest_internal_run_death_test flags.
+
+// In describing the results of death tests, these terms are used with
+// the corresponding definitions:
+//
+// exit status:  The integer exit information in the format specified
+//               by wait(2)
+// exit code:    The integer code passed to exit(3), _exit(2), or
+//               returned from main()
+class GTEST_API_ DeathTest {
+ public:
+  // Create returns false if there was an error determining the
+  // appropriate action to take for the current death test; for example,
+  // if the gtest_death_test_style flag is set to an invalid value.
+  // The LastMessage method will return a more detailed message in that
+  // case.  Otherwise, the DeathTest pointer pointed to by the "test"
+  // argument is set.  If the death test should be skipped, the pointer
+  // is set to NULL; otherwise, it is set to the address of a new concrete
+  // DeathTest object that controls the execution of the current test.
+  static bool Create(const char* statement, const RE* regex,
+                     const char* file, int line, DeathTest** test);
+  DeathTest();
+  virtual ~DeathTest() { }
+
+  // A helper class that aborts a death test when it's deleted.
+  class ReturnSentinel {
+   public:
+    explicit ReturnSentinel(DeathTest* test) : test_(test) { }
+    ~ReturnSentinel() { test_->Abort(TEST_ENCOUNTERED_RETURN_STATEMENT); }
+   private:
+    DeathTest* const test_;
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ReturnSentinel);
+  } GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;
+
+  // An enumeration of possible roles that may be taken when a death
+  // test is encountered.  EXECUTE means that the death test logic should
+  // be executed immediately.  OVERSEE means that the program should prepare
+  // the appropriate environment for a child process to execute the death
+  // test, then wait for it to complete.
+  enum TestRole { OVERSEE_TEST, EXECUTE_TEST };
+
+  // An enumeration of the three reasons that a test might be aborted.
+  enum AbortReason {
+    TEST_ENCOUNTERED_RETURN_STATEMENT,
+    TEST_THREW_EXCEPTION,
+    TEST_DID_NOT_DIE
+  };
+
+  // Assumes one of the above roles.
+  virtual TestRole AssumeRole() = 0;
+
+  // Waits for the death test to finish and returns its status.
+  virtual int Wait() = 0;
+
+  // Returns true if the death test passed; that is, the test process
+  // exited during the test, its exit status matches a user-supplied
+  // predicate, and its stderr output matches a user-supplied regular
+  // expression.
+  // The user-supplied predicate may be a macro expression rather
+  // than a function pointer or functor, or else Wait and Passed could
+  // be combined.
+  virtual bool Passed(bool exit_status_ok) = 0;
+
+  // Signals that the death test did not die as expected.
+  virtual void Abort(AbortReason reason) = 0;
+
+  // Returns a human-readable outcome message regarding the outcome of
+  // the last death test.
+  static const char* LastMessage();
+
+  static void set_last_death_test_message(const std::string& message);
+
+ private:
+  // A string containing a description of the outcome of the last death test.
+  static std::string last_death_test_message_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(DeathTest);
+};
+
+// Factory interface for death tests.  May be mocked out for testing.
+class DeathTestFactory {
+ public:
+  virtual ~DeathTestFactory() { }
+  virtual bool Create(const char* statement, const RE* regex,
+                      const char* file, int line, DeathTest** test) = 0;
+};
+
+// A concrete DeathTestFactory implementation for normal use.
+class DefaultDeathTestFactory : public DeathTestFactory {
+ public:
+  virtual bool Create(const char* statement, const RE* regex,
+                      const char* file, int line, DeathTest** test);
+};
+
+// Returns true if exit_status describes a process that was terminated
+// by a signal, or exited normally with a nonzero exit code.
+GTEST_API_ bool ExitedUnsuccessfully(int exit_status);
+
+// Traps C++ exceptions escaping statement and reports them as test
+// failures. Note that trapping SEH exceptions is not implemented here.
+# if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+#  define GTEST_EXECUTE_DEATH_TEST_STATEMENT_(statement, death_test) \
+  try { \
+    GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement); \
+  } catch (const ::std::exception& gtest_exception) { \
+    fprintf(\
+        stderr, \
+        "\n%s: Caught std::exception-derived exception escaping the " \
+        "death test statement. Exception message: %s\n", \
+        ::testing::internal::FormatFileLocation(__FILE__, __LINE__).c_str(), \
+        gtest_exception.what()); \
+    fflush(stderr); \
+    death_test->Abort(::testing::internal::DeathTest::TEST_THREW_EXCEPTION); \
+  } catch (...) { \
+    death_test->Abort(::testing::internal::DeathTest::TEST_THREW_EXCEPTION); \
+  }
+
+# else
+#  define GTEST_EXECUTE_DEATH_TEST_STATEMENT_(statement, death_test) \
+  GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement)
+
+# endif
+
+// This macro is for implementing ASSERT_DEATH*, EXPECT_DEATH*,
+// ASSERT_EXIT*, and EXPECT_EXIT*.
+# define GTEST_DEATH_TEST_(statement, predicate, regex, fail) \
+  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
+  if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { \
+    const ::testing::internal::RE& gtest_regex = (regex); \
+    ::testing::internal::DeathTest* gtest_dt; \
+    if (!::testing::internal::DeathTest::Create(#statement, &gtest_regex, \
+        __FILE__, __LINE__, &gtest_dt)) { \
+      goto GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_, __LINE__); \
+    } \
+    if (gtest_dt != NULL) { \
+      ::testing::internal::scoped_ptr< ::testing::internal::DeathTest> \
+          gtest_dt_ptr(gtest_dt); \
+      switch (gtest_dt->AssumeRole()) { \
+        case ::testing::internal::DeathTest::OVERSEE_TEST: \
+          if (!gtest_dt->Passed(predicate(gtest_dt->Wait()))) { \
+            goto GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_, __LINE__); \
+          } \
+          break; \
+        case ::testing::internal::DeathTest::EXECUTE_TEST: { \
+          ::testing::internal::DeathTest::ReturnSentinel \
+              gtest_sentinel(gtest_dt); \
+          GTEST_EXECUTE_DEATH_TEST_STATEMENT_(statement, gtest_dt); \
+          gtest_dt->Abort(::testing::internal::DeathTest::TEST_DID_NOT_DIE); \
+          break; \
+        } \
+        default: \
+          break; \
+      } \
+    } \
+  } else \
+    GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_, __LINE__): \
+      fail(::testing::internal::DeathTest::LastMessage())
+// The symbol "fail" here expands to something into which a message
+// can be streamed.
+
+// This macro is for implementing ASSERT/EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH when compiled in
+// NDEBUG mode. In this case we need the statements to be executed, the regex is
+// ignored, and the macro must accept a streamed message even though the message
+// is never printed.
+# define GTEST_EXECUTE_STATEMENT_(statement, regex) \
+  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
+  if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { \
+     GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement); \
+  } else \
+    ::testing::Message()
+
+// A class representing the parsed contents of the
+// --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag, as it existed when
+// RUN_ALL_TESTS was called.
+class InternalRunDeathTestFlag {
+ public:
+  InternalRunDeathTestFlag(const std::string& a_file,
+                           int a_line,
+                           int an_index,
+                           int a_write_fd)
+      : file_(a_file), line_(a_line), index_(an_index),
+        write_fd_(a_write_fd) {}
+
+  ~InternalRunDeathTestFlag() {
+    if (write_fd_ >= 0)
+      posix::Close(write_fd_);
+  }
+
+  const std::string& file() const { return file_; }
+  int line() const { return line_; }
+  int index() const { return index_; }
+  int write_fd() const { return write_fd_; }
+
+ private:
+  std::string file_;
+  int line_;
+  int index_;
+  int write_fd_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(InternalRunDeathTestFlag);
+};
+
+// Returns a newly created InternalRunDeathTestFlag object with fields
+// initialized from the GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test) flag if
+// the flag is specified; otherwise returns NULL.
+InternalRunDeathTestFlag* ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag();
+
+#else  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+// This macro is used for implementing macros such as
+// EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED and ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED on systems where
+// death tests are not supported. Those macros must compile on such systems
+// iff EXPECT_DEATH and ASSERT_DEATH compile with the same parameters on
+// systems that support death tests. This allows one to write such a macro
+// on a system that does not support death tests and be sure that it will
+// compile on a death-test supporting system.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   statement -  A statement that a macro such as EXPECT_DEATH would test
+//                for program termination. This macro has to make sure this
+//                statement is compiled but not executed, to ensure that
+//                EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED compiles with a certain
+//                parameter iff EXPECT_DEATH compiles with it.
+//   regex     -  A regex that a macro such as EXPECT_DEATH would use to test
+//                the output of statement.  This parameter has to be
+//                compiled but not evaluated by this macro, to ensure that
+//                this macro only accepts expressions that a macro such as
+//                EXPECT_DEATH would accept.
+//   terminator - Must be an empty statement for EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED
+//                and a return statement for ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED.
+//                This ensures that ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED will not
+//                compile inside functions where ASSERT_DEATH doesn't
+//                compile.
+//
+//  The branch that has an always false condition is used to ensure that
+//  statement and regex are compiled (and thus syntactically correct) but
+//  never executed. The unreachable code macro protects the terminator
+//  statement from generating an 'unreachable code' warning in case
+//  statement unconditionally returns or throws. The Message constructor at
+//  the end allows the syntax of streaming additional messages into the
+//  macro, for compilational compatibility with EXPECT_DEATH/ASSERT_DEATH.
+# define GTEST_UNSUPPORTED_DEATH_TEST_(statement, regex, terminator) \
+    GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
+    if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { \
+      GTEST_LOG_(WARNING) \
+          << "Death tests are not supported on this platform.\n" \
+          << "Statement '" #statement "' cannot be verified."; \
+    } else if (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse()) { \
+      ::testing::internal::RE::PartialMatch(".*", (regex)); \
+      GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement); \
+      terminator; \
+    } else \
+      ::testing::Message()
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace testing
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_DEATH_TEST_INTERNAL_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7a13b4b0de60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: keith.ray@gmail.com (Keith Ray)
+//
+// Google Test filepath utilities
+//
+// This header file declares classes and functions used internally by
+// Google Test.  They are subject to change without notice.
+//
+// This file is #included in <gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h>.
+// Do not include this header file separately!
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_FILEPATH_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_FILEPATH_H_
+
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
+
+namespace testing {
+namespace internal {
+
+// FilePath - a class for file and directory pathname manipulation which
+// handles platform-specific conventions (like the pathname separator).
+// Used for helper functions for naming files in a directory for xml output.
+// Except for Set methods, all methods are const or static, which provides an
+// "immutable value object" -- useful for peace of mind.
+// A FilePath with a value ending in a path separator ("like/this/") represents
+// a directory, otherwise it is assumed to represent a file. In either case,
+// it may or may not represent an actual file or directory in the file system.
+// Names are NOT checked for syntax correctness -- no checking for illegal
+// characters, malformed paths, etc.
+
+class GTEST_API_ FilePath {
+ public:
+  FilePath() : pathname_("") { }
+  FilePath(const FilePath& rhs) : pathname_(rhs.pathname_) { }
+
+  explicit FilePath(const std::string& pathname) : pathname_(pathname) {
+    Normalize();
+  }
+
+  FilePath& operator=(const FilePath& rhs) {
+    Set(rhs);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  void Set(const FilePath& rhs) {
+    pathname_ = rhs.pathname_;
+  }
+
+  const std::string& string() const { return pathname_; }
+  const char* c_str() const { return pathname_.c_str(); }
+
+  // Returns the current working directory, or "" if unsuccessful.
+  static FilePath GetCurrentDir();
+
+  // Given directory = "dir", base_name = "test", number = 0,
+  // extension = "xml", returns "dir/test.xml". If number is greater
+  // than zero (e.g., 12), returns "dir/test_12.xml".
+  // On Windows platform, uses \ as the separator rather than /.
+  static FilePath MakeFileName(const FilePath& directory,
+                               const FilePath& base_name,
+                               int number,
+                               const char* extension);
+
+  // Given directory = "dir", relative_path = "test.xml",
+  // returns "dir/test.xml".
+  // On Windows, uses \ as the separator rather than /.
+  static FilePath ConcatPaths(const FilePath& directory,
+                              const FilePath& relative_path);
+
+  // Returns a pathname for a file that does not currently exist. The pathname
+  // will be directory/base_name.extension or
+  // directory/base_name_<number>.extension if directory/base_name.extension
+  // already exists. The number will be incremented until a pathname is found
+  // that does not already exist.
+  // Examples: 'dir/foo_test.xml' or 'dir/foo_test_1.xml'.
+  // There could be a race condition if two or more processes are calling this
+  // function at the same time -- they could both pick the same filename.
+  static FilePath GenerateUniqueFileName(const FilePath& directory,
+                                         const FilePath& base_name,
+                                         const char* extension);
+
+  // Returns true iff the path is "".
+  bool IsEmpty() const { return pathname_.empty(); }
+
+  // If input name has a trailing separator character, removes it and returns
+  // the name, otherwise return the name string unmodified.
+  // On Windows platform, uses \ as the separator, other platforms use /.
+  FilePath RemoveTrailingPathSeparator() const;
+
+  // Returns a copy of the FilePath with the directory part removed.
+  // Example: FilePath("path/to/file").RemoveDirectoryName() returns
+  // FilePath("file"). If there is no directory part ("just_a_file"), it returns
+  // the FilePath unmodified. If there is no file part ("just_a_dir/") it
+  // returns an empty FilePath ("").
+  // On Windows platform, '\' is the path separator, otherwise it is '/'.
+  FilePath RemoveDirectoryName() const;
+
+  // RemoveFileName returns the directory path with the filename removed.
+  // Example: FilePath("path/to/file").RemoveFileName() returns "path/to/".
+  // If the FilePath is "a_file" or "/a_file", RemoveFileName returns
+  // FilePath("./") or, on Windows, FilePath(".\\"). If the filepath does
+  // not have a file, like "just/a/dir/", it returns the FilePath unmodified.
+  // On Windows platform, '\' is the path separator, otherwise it is '/'.
+  FilePath RemoveFileName() const;
+
+  // Returns a copy of the FilePath with the case-insensitive extension removed.
+  // Example: FilePath("dir/file.exe").RemoveExtension("EXE") returns
+  // FilePath("dir/file"). If a case-insensitive extension is not
+  // found, returns a copy of the original FilePath.
+  FilePath RemoveExtension(const char* extension) const;
+
+  // Creates directories so that path exists. Returns true if successful or if
+  // the directories already exist; returns false if unable to create
+  // directories for any reason. Will also return false if the FilePath does
+  // not represent a directory (that is, it doesn't end with a path separator).
+  bool CreateDirectoriesRecursively() const;
+
+  // Create the directory so that path exists. Returns true if successful or
+  // if the directory already exists; returns false if unable to create the
+  // directory for any reason, including if the parent directory does not
+  // exist. Not named "CreateDirectory" because that's a macro on Windows.
+  bool CreateFolder() const;
+
+  // Returns true if FilePath describes something in the file-system,
+  // either a file, directory, or whatever, and that something exists.
+  bool FileOrDirectoryExists() const;
+
+  // Returns true if pathname describes a directory in the file-system
+  // that exists.
+  bool DirectoryExists() const;
+
+  // Returns true if FilePath ends with a path separator, which indicates that
+  // it is intended to represent a directory. Returns false otherwise.
+  // This does NOT check that a directory (or file) actually exists.
+  bool IsDirectory() const;
+
+  // Returns true if pathname describes a root directory. (Windows has one
+  // root directory per disk drive.)
+  bool IsRootDirectory() const;
+
+  // Returns true if pathname describes an absolute path.
+  bool IsAbsolutePath() const;
+
+ private:
+  // Replaces multiple consecutive separators with a single separator.
+  // For example, "bar///foo" becomes "bar/foo". Does not eliminate other
+  // redundancies that might be in a pathname involving "." or "..".
+  //
+  // A pathname with multiple consecutive separators may occur either through
+  // user error or as a result of some scripts or APIs that generate a pathname
+  // with a trailing separator. On other platforms the same API or script
+  // may NOT generate a pathname with a trailing "/". Then elsewhere that
+  // pathname may have another "/" and pathname components added to it,
+  // without checking for the separator already being there.
+  // The script language and operating system may allow paths like "foo//bar"
+  // but some of the functions in FilePath will not handle that correctly. In
+  // particular, RemoveTrailingPathSeparator() only removes one separator, and
+  // it is called in CreateDirectoriesRecursively() assuming that it will change
+  // a pathname from directory syntax (trailing separator) to filename syntax.
+  //
+  // On Windows this method also replaces the alternate path separator '/' with
+  // the primary path separator '\\', so that for example "bar\\/\\foo" becomes
+  // "bar\\foo".
+
+  void Normalize();
+
+  // Returns a pointer to the last occurence of a valid path separator in
+  // the FilePath. On Windows, for example, both '/' and '\' are valid path
+  // separators. Returns NULL if no path separator was found.
+  const char* FindLastPathSeparator() const;
+
+  std::string pathname_;
+};  // class FilePath
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace testing
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_FILEPATH_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ebd1cf615de0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1238 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Authors: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan), eefacm@gmail.com (Sean Mcafee)
+//
+// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+//
+// This header file declares functions and macros used internally by
+// Google Test.  They are subject to change without notice.
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_INTERNAL_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_INTERNAL_H_
+
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+
+#if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+# include <stdlib.h>
+# include <sys/types.h>
+# include <sys/wait.h>
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+# include <stdexcept>
+#endif
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <float.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <limits>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h"
+
+// Due to C++ preprocessor weirdness, we need double indirection to
+// concatenate two tokens when one of them is __LINE__.  Writing
+//
+//   foo ## __LINE__
+//
+// will result in the token foo__LINE__, instead of foo followed by
+// the current line number.  For more details, see
+// http://www.parashift.com/c++-faq-lite/misc-technical-issues.html#faq-39.6
+#define GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(foo, bar) GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_IMPL_(foo, bar)
+#define GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_IMPL_(foo, bar) foo ## bar
+
+class ProtocolMessage;
+namespace proto2 { class Message; }
+
+namespace testing {
+
+// Forward declarations.
+
+class AssertionResult;                 // Result of an assertion.
+class Message;                         // Represents a failure message.
+class Test;                            // Represents a test.
+class TestInfo;                        // Information about a test.
+class TestPartResult;                  // Result of a test part.
+class UnitTest;                        // A collection of test cases.
+
+template <typename T>
+::std::string PrintToString(const T& value);
+
+namespace internal {
+
+struct TraceInfo;                      // Information about a trace point.
+class ScopedTrace;                     // Implements scoped trace.
+class TestInfoImpl;                    // Opaque implementation of TestInfo
+class UnitTestImpl;                    // Opaque implementation of UnitTest
+
+// The text used in failure messages to indicate the start of the
+// stack trace.
+GTEST_API_ extern const char kStackTraceMarker[];
+
+// Two overloaded helpers for checking at compile time whether an
+// expression is a null pointer literal (i.e. NULL or any 0-valued
+// compile-time integral constant).  Their return values have
+// different sizes, so we can use sizeof() to test which version is
+// picked by the compiler.  These helpers have no implementations, as
+// we only need their signatures.
+//
+// Given IsNullLiteralHelper(x), the compiler will pick the first
+// version if x can be implicitly converted to Secret*, and pick the
+// second version otherwise.  Since Secret is a secret and incomplete
+// type, the only expression a user can write that has type Secret* is
+// a null pointer literal.  Therefore, we know that x is a null
+// pointer literal if and only if the first version is picked by the
+// compiler.
+char IsNullLiteralHelper(Secret* p);
+char (&IsNullLiteralHelper(...))[2];  // NOLINT
+
+// A compile-time bool constant that is true if and only if x is a
+// null pointer literal (i.e. NULL or any 0-valued compile-time
+// integral constant).
+#ifdef GTEST_ELLIPSIS_NEEDS_POD_
+// We lose support for NULL detection where the compiler doesn't like
+// passing non-POD classes through ellipsis (...).
+# define GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(x) false
+#else
+# define GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(x) \
+    (sizeof(::testing::internal::IsNullLiteralHelper(x)) == 1)
+#endif  // GTEST_ELLIPSIS_NEEDS_POD_
+
+// Appends the user-supplied message to the Google-Test-generated message.
+GTEST_API_ std::string AppendUserMessage(
+    const std::string& gtest_msg, const Message& user_msg);
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// This exception is thrown by (and only by) a failed Google Test
+// assertion when GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) is true (if exceptions
+// are enabled).  We derive it from std::runtime_error, which is for
+// errors presumably detectable only at run time.  Since
+// std::runtime_error inherits from std::exception, many testing
+// frameworks know how to extract and print the message inside it.
+class GTEST_API_ GoogleTestFailureException : public ::std::runtime_error {
+ public:
+  explicit GoogleTestFailureException(const TestPartResult& failure);
+};
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// A helper class for creating scoped traces in user programs.
+class GTEST_API_ ScopedTrace {
+ public:
+  // The c'tor pushes the given source file location and message onto
+  // a trace stack maintained by Google Test.
+  ScopedTrace(const char* file, int line, const Message& message);
+
+  // The d'tor pops the info pushed by the c'tor.
+  //
+  // Note that the d'tor is not virtual in order to be efficient.
+  // Don't inherit from ScopedTrace!
+  ~ScopedTrace();
+
+ private:
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ScopedTrace);
+} GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;  // A ScopedTrace object does its job in its
+                            // c'tor and d'tor.  Therefore it doesn't
+                            // need to be used otherwise.
+
+namespace edit_distance {
+// Returns the optimal edits to go from 'left' to 'right'.
+// All edits cost the same, with replace having lower priority than
+// add/remove.
+// Simple implementation of the Wagner–Fischer algorithm.
+// See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagner-Fischer_algorithm
+enum EditType { kMatch, kAdd, kRemove, kReplace };
+GTEST_API_ std::vector<EditType> CalculateOptimalEdits(
+    const std::vector<size_t>& left, const std::vector<size_t>& right);
+
+// Same as above, but the input is represented as strings.
+GTEST_API_ std::vector<EditType> CalculateOptimalEdits(
+    const std::vector<std::string>& left,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& right);
+
+// Create a diff of the input strings in Unified diff format.
+GTEST_API_ std::string CreateUnifiedDiff(const std::vector<std::string>& left,
+                                         const std::vector<std::string>& right,
+                                         size_t context = 2);
+
+}  // namespace edit_distance
+
+// Calculate the diff between 'left' and 'right' and return it in unified diff
+// format.
+// If not null, stores in 'total_line_count' the total number of lines found
+// in left + right.
+GTEST_API_ std::string DiffStrings(const std::string& left,
+                                   const std::string& right,
+                                   size_t* total_line_count);
+
+// Constructs and returns the message for an equality assertion
+// (e.g. ASSERT_EQ, EXPECT_STREQ, etc) failure.
+//
+// The first four parameters are the expressions used in the assertion
+// and their values, as strings.  For example, for ASSERT_EQ(foo, bar)
+// where foo is 5 and bar is 6, we have:
+//
+//   expected_expression: "foo"
+//   actual_expression:   "bar"
+//   expected_value:      "5"
+//   actual_value:        "6"
+//
+// The ignoring_case parameter is true iff the assertion is a
+// *_STRCASEEQ*.  When it's true, the string " (ignoring case)" will
+// be inserted into the message.
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult EqFailure(const char* expected_expression,
+                                     const char* actual_expression,
+                                     const std::string& expected_value,
+                                     const std::string& actual_value,
+                                     bool ignoring_case);
+
+// Constructs a failure message for Boolean assertions such as EXPECT_TRUE.
+GTEST_API_ std::string GetBoolAssertionFailureMessage(
+    const AssertionResult& assertion_result,
+    const char* expression_text,
+    const char* actual_predicate_value,
+    const char* expected_predicate_value);
+
+// This template class represents an IEEE floating-point number
+// (either single-precision or double-precision, depending on the
+// template parameters).
+//
+// The purpose of this class is to do more sophisticated number
+// comparison.  (Due to round-off error, etc, it's very unlikely that
+// two floating-points will be equal exactly.  Hence a naive
+// comparison by the == operation often doesn't work.)
+//
+// Format of IEEE floating-point:
+//
+//   The most-significant bit being the leftmost, an IEEE
+//   floating-point looks like
+//
+//     sign_bit exponent_bits fraction_bits
+//
+//   Here, sign_bit is a single bit that designates the sign of the
+//   number.
+//
+//   For float, there are 8 exponent bits and 23 fraction bits.
+//
+//   For double, there are 11 exponent bits and 52 fraction bits.
+//
+//   More details can be found at
+//   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_floating-point_standard.
+//
+// Template parameter:
+//
+//   RawType: the raw floating-point type (either float or double)
+template <typename RawType>
+class FloatingPoint {
+ public:
+  // Defines the unsigned integer type that has the same size as the
+  // floating point number.
+  typedef typename TypeWithSize<sizeof(RawType)>::UInt Bits;
+
+  // Constants.
+
+  // # of bits in a number.
+  static const size_t kBitCount = 8*sizeof(RawType);
+
+  // # of fraction bits in a number.
+  static const size_t kFractionBitCount =
+    std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits - 1;
+
+  // # of exponent bits in a number.
+  static const size_t kExponentBitCount = kBitCount - 1 - kFractionBitCount;
+
+  // The mask for the sign bit.
+  static const Bits kSignBitMask = static_cast<Bits>(1) << (kBitCount - 1);
+
+  // The mask for the fraction bits.
+  static const Bits kFractionBitMask =
+    ~static_cast<Bits>(0) >> (kExponentBitCount + 1);
+
+  // The mask for the exponent bits.
+  static const Bits kExponentBitMask = ~(kSignBitMask | kFractionBitMask);
+
+  // How many ULP's (Units in the Last Place) we want to tolerate when
+  // comparing two numbers.  The larger the value, the more error we
+  // allow.  A 0 value means that two numbers must be exactly the same
+  // to be considered equal.
+  //
+  // The maximum error of a single floating-point operation is 0.5
+  // units in the last place.  On Intel CPU's, all floating-point
+  // calculations are done with 80-bit precision, while double has 64
+  // bits.  Therefore, 4 should be enough for ordinary use.
+  //
+  // See the following article for more details on ULP:
+  // http://randomascii.wordpress.com/2012/02/25/comparing-floating-point-numbers-2012-edition/
+  static const size_t kMaxUlps = 4;
+
+  // Constructs a FloatingPoint from a raw floating-point number.
+  //
+  // On an Intel CPU, passing a non-normalized NAN (Not a Number)
+  // around may change its bits, although the new value is guaranteed
+  // to be also a NAN.  Therefore, don't expect this constructor to
+  // preserve the bits in x when x is a NAN.
+  explicit FloatingPoint(const RawType& x) { u_.value_ = x; }
+
+  // Static methods
+
+  // Reinterprets a bit pattern as a floating-point number.
+  //
+  // This function is needed to test the AlmostEquals() method.
+  static RawType ReinterpretBits(const Bits bits) {
+    FloatingPoint fp(0);
+    fp.u_.bits_ = bits;
+    return fp.u_.value_;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the floating-point number that represent positive infinity.
+  static RawType Infinity() {
+    return ReinterpretBits(kExponentBitMask);
+  }
+
+  // Returns the maximum representable finite floating-point number.
+  static RawType Max();
+
+  // Non-static methods
+
+  // Returns the bits that represents this number.
+  const Bits &bits() const { return u_.bits_; }
+
+  // Returns the exponent bits of this number.
+  Bits exponent_bits() const { return kExponentBitMask & u_.bits_; }
+
+  // Returns the fraction bits of this number.
+  Bits fraction_bits() const { return kFractionBitMask & u_.bits_; }
+
+  // Returns the sign bit of this number.
+  Bits sign_bit() const { return kSignBitMask & u_.bits_; }
+
+  // Returns true iff this is NAN (not a number).
+  bool is_nan() const {
+    // It's a NAN if the exponent bits are all ones and the fraction
+    // bits are not entirely zeros.
+    return (exponent_bits() == kExponentBitMask) && (fraction_bits() != 0);
+  }
+
+  // Returns true iff this number is at most kMaxUlps ULP's away from
+  // rhs.  In particular, this function:
+  //
+  //   - returns false if either number is (or both are) NAN.
+  //   - treats really large numbers as almost equal to infinity.
+  //   - thinks +0.0 and -0.0 are 0 DLP's apart.
+  bool AlmostEquals(const FloatingPoint& rhs) const {
+    // The IEEE standard says that any comparison operation involving
+    // a NAN must return false.
+    if (is_nan() || rhs.is_nan()) return false;
+
+    return DistanceBetweenSignAndMagnitudeNumbers(u_.bits_, rhs.u_.bits_)
+        <= kMaxUlps;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // The data type used to store the actual floating-point number.
+  union FloatingPointUnion {
+    RawType value_;  // The raw floating-point number.
+    Bits bits_;      // The bits that represent the number.
+  };
+
+  // Converts an integer from the sign-and-magnitude representation to
+  // the biased representation.  More precisely, let N be 2 to the
+  // power of (kBitCount - 1), an integer x is represented by the
+  // unsigned number x + N.
+  //
+  // For instance,
+  //
+  //   -N + 1 (the most negative number representable using
+  //          sign-and-magnitude) is represented by 1;
+  //   0      is represented by N; and
+  //   N - 1  (the biggest number representable using
+  //          sign-and-magnitude) is represented by 2N - 1.
+  //
+  // Read http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signed_number_representations
+  // for more details on signed number representations.
+  static Bits SignAndMagnitudeToBiased(const Bits &sam) {
+    if (kSignBitMask & sam) {
+      // sam represents a negative number.
+      return ~sam + 1;
+    } else {
+      // sam represents a positive number.
+      return kSignBitMask | sam;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Given two numbers in the sign-and-magnitude representation,
+  // returns the distance between them as an unsigned number.
+  static Bits DistanceBetweenSignAndMagnitudeNumbers(const Bits &sam1,
+                                                     const Bits &sam2) {
+    const Bits biased1 = SignAndMagnitudeToBiased(sam1);
+    const Bits biased2 = SignAndMagnitudeToBiased(sam2);
+    return (biased1 >= biased2) ? (biased1 - biased2) : (biased2 - biased1);
+  }
+
+  FloatingPointUnion u_;
+};
+
+// We cannot use std::numeric_limits<T>::max() as it clashes with the max()
+// macro defined by <windows.h>.
+template <>
+inline float FloatingPoint<float>::Max() { return FLT_MAX; }
+template <>
+inline double FloatingPoint<double>::Max() { return DBL_MAX; }
+
+// Typedefs the instances of the FloatingPoint template class that we
+// care to use.
+typedef FloatingPoint<float> Float;
+typedef FloatingPoint<double> Double;
+
+// In order to catch the mistake of putting tests that use different
+// test fixture classes in the same test case, we need to assign
+// unique IDs to fixture classes and compare them.  The TypeId type is
+// used to hold such IDs.  The user should treat TypeId as an opaque
+// type: the only operation allowed on TypeId values is to compare
+// them for equality using the == operator.
+typedef const void* TypeId;
+
+template <typename T>
+class TypeIdHelper {
+ public:
+  // dummy_ must not have a const type.  Otherwise an overly eager
+  // compiler (e.g. MSVC 7.1 & 8.0) may try to merge
+  // TypeIdHelper<T>::dummy_ for different Ts as an "optimization".
+  static bool dummy_;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+bool TypeIdHelper<T>::dummy_ = false;
+
+// GetTypeId<T>() returns the ID of type T.  Different values will be
+// returned for different types.  Calling the function twice with the
+// same type argument is guaranteed to return the same ID.
+template <typename T>
+TypeId GetTypeId() {
+  // The compiler is required to allocate a different
+  // TypeIdHelper<T>::dummy_ variable for each T used to instantiate
+  // the template.  Therefore, the address of dummy_ is guaranteed to
+  // be unique.
+  return &(TypeIdHelper<T>::dummy_);
+}
+
+// Returns the type ID of ::testing::Test.  Always call this instead
+// of GetTypeId< ::testing::Test>() to get the type ID of
+// ::testing::Test, as the latter may give the wrong result due to a
+// suspected linker bug when compiling Google Test as a Mac OS X
+// framework.
+GTEST_API_ TypeId GetTestTypeId();
+
+// Defines the abstract factory interface that creates instances
+// of a Test object.
+class TestFactoryBase {
+ public:
+  virtual ~TestFactoryBase() {}
+
+  // Creates a test instance to run. The instance is both created and destroyed
+  // within TestInfoImpl::Run()
+  virtual Test* CreateTest() = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  TestFactoryBase() {}
+
+ private:
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestFactoryBase);
+};
+
+// This class provides implementation of TeastFactoryBase interface.
+// It is used in TEST and TEST_F macros.
+template <class TestClass>
+class TestFactoryImpl : public TestFactoryBase {
+ public:
+  virtual Test* CreateTest() { return new TestClass; }
+};
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+// Predicate-formatters for implementing the HRESULT checking macros
+// {ASSERT|EXPECT}_HRESULT_{SUCCEEDED|FAILED}
+// We pass a long instead of HRESULT to avoid causing an
+// include dependency for the HRESULT type.
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsHRESULTSuccess(const char* expr,
+                                            long hr);  // NOLINT
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsHRESULTFailure(const char* expr,
+                                            long hr);  // NOLINT
+
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+// Types of SetUpTestCase() and TearDownTestCase() functions.
+typedef void (*SetUpTestCaseFunc)();
+typedef void (*TearDownTestCaseFunc)();
+
+struct CodeLocation {
+  CodeLocation(const string& a_file, int a_line) : file(a_file), line(a_line) {}
+
+  string file;
+  int line;
+};
+
+// Creates a new TestInfo object and registers it with Google Test;
+// returns the created object.
+//
+// Arguments:
+//
+//   test_case_name:   name of the test case
+//   name:             name of the test
+//   type_param        the name of the test's type parameter, or NULL if
+//                     this is not a typed or a type-parameterized test.
+//   value_param       text representation of the test's value parameter,
+//                     or NULL if this is not a type-parameterized test.
+//   code_location:    code location where the test is defined
+//   fixture_class_id: ID of the test fixture class
+//   set_up_tc:        pointer to the function that sets up the test case
+//   tear_down_tc:     pointer to the function that tears down the test case
+//   factory:          pointer to the factory that creates a test object.
+//                     The newly created TestInfo instance will assume
+//                     ownership of the factory object.
+GTEST_API_ TestInfo* MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
+    const char* test_case_name,
+    const char* name,
+    const char* type_param,
+    const char* value_param,
+    CodeLocation code_location,
+    TypeId fixture_class_id,
+    SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
+    TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc,
+    TestFactoryBase* factory);
+
+// If *pstr starts with the given prefix, modifies *pstr to be right
+// past the prefix and returns true; otherwise leaves *pstr unchanged
+// and returns false.  None of pstr, *pstr, and prefix can be NULL.
+GTEST_API_ bool SkipPrefix(const char* prefix, const char** pstr);
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST || GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
+
+// State of the definition of a type-parameterized test case.
+class GTEST_API_ TypedTestCasePState {
+ public:
+  TypedTestCasePState() : registered_(false) {}
+
+  // Adds the given test name to defined_test_names_ and return true
+  // if the test case hasn't been registered; otherwise aborts the
+  // program.
+  bool AddTestName(const char* file, int line, const char* case_name,
+                   const char* test_name) {
+    if (registered_) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "%s Test %s must be defined before "
+              "REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(%s, ...).\n",
+              FormatFileLocation(file, line).c_str(), test_name, case_name);
+      fflush(stderr);
+      posix::Abort();
+    }
+    registered_tests_.insert(
+        ::std::make_pair(test_name, CodeLocation(file, line)));
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool TestExists(const std::string& test_name) const {
+    return registered_tests_.count(test_name) > 0;
+  }
+
+  const CodeLocation& GetCodeLocation(const std::string& test_name) const {
+    RegisteredTestsMap::const_iterator it = registered_tests_.find(test_name);
+    GTEST_CHECK_(it != registered_tests_.end());
+    return it->second;
+  }
+
+  // Verifies that registered_tests match the test names in
+  // defined_test_names_; returns registered_tests if successful, or
+  // aborts the program otherwise.
+  const char* VerifyRegisteredTestNames(
+      const char* file, int line, const char* registered_tests);
+
+ private:
+  typedef ::std::map<std::string, CodeLocation> RegisteredTestsMap;
+
+  bool registered_;
+  RegisteredTestsMap registered_tests_;
+};
+
+// Skips to the first non-space char after the first comma in 'str';
+// returns NULL if no comma is found in 'str'.
+inline const char* SkipComma(const char* str) {
+  const char* comma = strchr(str, ',');
+  if (comma == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  while (IsSpace(*(++comma))) {}
+  return comma;
+}
+
+// Returns the prefix of 'str' before the first comma in it; returns
+// the entire string if it contains no comma.
+inline std::string GetPrefixUntilComma(const char* str) {
+  const char* comma = strchr(str, ',');
+  return comma == NULL ? str : std::string(str, comma);
+}
+
+// Splits a given string on a given delimiter, populating a given
+// vector with the fields.
+void SplitString(const ::std::string& str, char delimiter,
+                 ::std::vector< ::std::string>* dest);
+
+// TypeParameterizedTest<Fixture, TestSel, Types>::Register()
+// registers a list of type-parameterized tests with Google Test.  The
+// return value is insignificant - we just need to return something
+// such that we can call this function in a namespace scope.
+//
+// Implementation note: The GTEST_TEMPLATE_ macro declares a template
+// template parameter.  It's defined in gtest-type-util.h.
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ Fixture, class TestSel, typename Types>
+class TypeParameterizedTest {
+ public:
+  // 'index' is the index of the test in the type list 'Types'
+  // specified in INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(Prefix, TestCase,
+  // Types).  Valid values for 'index' are [0, N - 1] where N is the
+  // length of Types.
+  static bool Register(const char* prefix,
+                       CodeLocation code_location,
+                       const char* case_name, const char* test_names,
+                       int index) {
+    typedef typename Types::Head Type;
+    typedef Fixture<Type> FixtureClass;
+    typedef typename GTEST_BIND_(TestSel, Type) TestClass;
+
+    // First, registers the first type-parameterized test in the type
+    // list.
+    MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
+        (std::string(prefix) + (prefix[0] == '\0' ? "" : "/") + case_name + "/"
+         + StreamableToString(index)).c_str(),
+        StripTrailingSpaces(GetPrefixUntilComma(test_names)).c_str(),
+        GetTypeName<Type>().c_str(),
+        NULL,  // No value parameter.
+        code_location,
+        GetTypeId<FixtureClass>(),
+        TestClass::SetUpTestCase,
+        TestClass::TearDownTestCase,
+        new TestFactoryImpl<TestClass>);
+
+    // Next, recurses (at compile time) with the tail of the type list.
+    return TypeParameterizedTest<Fixture, TestSel, typename Types::Tail>
+        ::Register(prefix, code_location, case_name, test_names, index + 1);
+  }
+};
+
+// The base case for the compile time recursion.
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ Fixture, class TestSel>
+class TypeParameterizedTest<Fixture, TestSel, Types0> {
+ public:
+  static bool Register(const char* /*prefix*/, CodeLocation,
+                       const char* /*case_name*/, const char* /*test_names*/,
+                       int /*index*/) {
+    return true;
+  }
+};
+
+// TypeParameterizedTestCase<Fixture, Tests, Types>::Register()
+// registers *all combinations* of 'Tests' and 'Types' with Google
+// Test.  The return value is insignificant - we just need to return
+// something such that we can call this function in a namespace scope.
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ Fixture, typename Tests, typename Types>
+class TypeParameterizedTestCase {
+ public:
+  static bool Register(const char* prefix, CodeLocation code_location,
+                       const TypedTestCasePState* state,
+                       const char* case_name, const char* test_names) {
+    std::string test_name = StripTrailingSpaces(
+        GetPrefixUntilComma(test_names));
+    if (!state->TestExists(test_name)) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "Failed to get code location for test %s.%s at %s.",
+              case_name, test_name.c_str(),
+              FormatFileLocation(code_location.file.c_str(),
+                                 code_location.line).c_str());
+      fflush(stderr);
+      posix::Abort();
+    }
+    const CodeLocation& test_location = state->GetCodeLocation(test_name);
+
+    typedef typename Tests::Head Head;
+
+    // First, register the first test in 'Test' for each type in 'Types'.
+    TypeParameterizedTest<Fixture, Head, Types>::Register(
+        prefix, test_location, case_name, test_names, 0);
+
+    // Next, recurses (at compile time) with the tail of the test list.
+    return TypeParameterizedTestCase<Fixture, typename Tests::Tail, Types>
+        ::Register(prefix, code_location, state,
+                   case_name, SkipComma(test_names));
+  }
+};
+
+// The base case for the compile time recursion.
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ Fixture, typename Types>
+class TypeParameterizedTestCase<Fixture, Templates0, Types> {
+ public:
+  static bool Register(const char* /*prefix*/, CodeLocation,
+                       const TypedTestCasePState* /*state*/,
+                       const char* /*case_name*/, const char* /*test_names*/) {
+    return true;
+  }
+};
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST || GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
+
+// Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
+//
+// The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
+// the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
+// specifies the number of top frames to be skipped, which doesn't
+// count against the number of frames to be included.
+//
+// For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
+// GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(..., 1), Foo() will be included in
+// the trace but Bar() and GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
+GTEST_API_ std::string GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(
+    UnitTest* unit_test, int skip_count);
+
+// Helpers for suppressing warnings on unreachable code or constant
+// condition.
+
+// Always returns true.
+GTEST_API_ bool AlwaysTrue();
+
+// Always returns false.
+inline bool AlwaysFalse() { return !AlwaysTrue(); }
+
+// Helper for suppressing false warning from Clang on a const char*
+// variable declared in a conditional expression always being NULL in
+// the else branch.
+struct GTEST_API_ ConstCharPtr {
+  ConstCharPtr(const char* str) : value(str) {}
+  operator bool() const { return true; }
+  const char* value;
+};
+
+// A simple Linear Congruential Generator for generating random
+// numbers with a uniform distribution.  Unlike rand() and srand(), it
+// doesn't use global state (and therefore can't interfere with user
+// code).  Unlike rand_r(), it's portable.  An LCG isn't very random,
+// but it's good enough for our purposes.
+class GTEST_API_ Random {
+ public:
+  static const UInt32 kMaxRange = 1u << 31;
+
+  explicit Random(UInt32 seed) : state_(seed) {}
+
+  void Reseed(UInt32 seed) { state_ = seed; }
+
+  // Generates a random number from [0, range).  Crashes if 'range' is
+  // 0 or greater than kMaxRange.
+  UInt32 Generate(UInt32 range);
+
+ private:
+  UInt32 state_;
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Random);
+};
+
+// Defining a variable of type CompileAssertTypesEqual<T1, T2> will cause a
+// compiler error iff T1 and T2 are different types.
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+struct CompileAssertTypesEqual;
+
+template <typename T>
+struct CompileAssertTypesEqual<T, T> {
+};
+
+// Removes the reference from a type if it is a reference type,
+// otherwise leaves it unchanged.  This is the same as
+// tr1::remove_reference, which is not widely available yet.
+template <typename T>
+struct RemoveReference { typedef T type; };  // NOLINT
+template <typename T>
+struct RemoveReference<T&> { typedef T type; };  // NOLINT
+
+// A handy wrapper around RemoveReference that works when the argument
+// T depends on template parameters.
+#define GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_(T) \
+    typename ::testing::internal::RemoveReference<T>::type
+
+// Removes const from a type if it is a const type, otherwise leaves
+// it unchanged.  This is the same as tr1::remove_const, which is not
+// widely available yet.
+template <typename T>
+struct RemoveConst { typedef T type; };  // NOLINT
+template <typename T>
+struct RemoveConst<const T> { typedef T type; };  // NOLINT
+
+// MSVC 8.0, Sun C++, and IBM XL C++ have a bug which causes the above
+// definition to fail to remove the const in 'const int[3]' and 'const
+// char[3][4]'.  The following specialization works around the bug.
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+struct RemoveConst<const T[N]> {
+  typedef typename RemoveConst<T>::type type[N];
+};
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1400
+// This is the only specialization that allows VC++ 7.1 to remove const in
+// 'const int[3] and 'const int[3][4]'.  However, it causes trouble with GCC
+// and thus needs to be conditionally compiled.
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+struct RemoveConst<T[N]> {
+  typedef typename RemoveConst<T>::type type[N];
+};
+#endif
+
+// A handy wrapper around RemoveConst that works when the argument
+// T depends on template parameters.
+#define GTEST_REMOVE_CONST_(T) \
+    typename ::testing::internal::RemoveConst<T>::type
+
+// Turns const U&, U&, const U, and U all into U.
+#define GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(T) \
+    GTEST_REMOVE_CONST_(GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_(T))
+
+// Adds reference to a type if it is not a reference type,
+// otherwise leaves it unchanged.  This is the same as
+// tr1::add_reference, which is not widely available yet.
+template <typename T>
+struct AddReference { typedef T& type; };  // NOLINT
+template <typename T>
+struct AddReference<T&> { typedef T& type; };  // NOLINT
+
+// A handy wrapper around AddReference that works when the argument T
+// depends on template parameters.
+#define GTEST_ADD_REFERENCE_(T) \
+    typename ::testing::internal::AddReference<T>::type
+
+// Adds a reference to const on top of T as necessary.  For example,
+// it transforms
+//
+//   char         ==> const char&
+//   const char   ==> const char&
+//   char&        ==> const char&
+//   const char&  ==> const char&
+//
+// The argument T must depend on some template parameters.
+#define GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(T) \
+    GTEST_ADD_REFERENCE_(const GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_(T))
+
+// ImplicitlyConvertible<From, To>::value is a compile-time bool
+// constant that's true iff type From can be implicitly converted to
+// type To.
+template <typename From, typename To>
+class ImplicitlyConvertible {
+ private:
+  // We need the following helper functions only for their types.
+  // They have no implementations.
+
+  // MakeFrom() is an expression whose type is From.  We cannot simply
+  // use From(), as the type From may not have a public default
+  // constructor.
+  static typename AddReference<From>::type MakeFrom();
+
+  // These two functions are overloaded.  Given an expression
+  // Helper(x), the compiler will pick the first version if x can be
+  // implicitly converted to type To; otherwise it will pick the
+  // second version.
+  //
+  // The first version returns a value of size 1, and the second
+  // version returns a value of size 2.  Therefore, by checking the
+  // size of Helper(x), which can be done at compile time, we can tell
+  // which version of Helper() is used, and hence whether x can be
+  // implicitly converted to type To.
+  static char Helper(To);
+  static char (&Helper(...))[2];  // NOLINT
+
+  // We have to put the 'public' section after the 'private' section,
+  // or MSVC refuses to compile the code.
+ public:
+#if defined(__BORLANDC__)
+  // C++Builder cannot use member overload resolution during template
+  // instantiation.  The simplest workaround is to use its C++0x type traits
+  // functions (C++Builder 2009 and above only).
+  static const bool value = __is_convertible(From, To);
+#else
+  // MSVC warns about implicitly converting from double to int for
+  // possible loss of data, so we need to temporarily disable the
+  // warning.
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4244)
+  static const bool value =
+      sizeof(Helper(ImplicitlyConvertible::MakeFrom())) == 1;
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+#endif  // __BORLANDC__
+};
+template <typename From, typename To>
+const bool ImplicitlyConvertible<From, To>::value;
+
+// IsAProtocolMessage<T>::value is a compile-time bool constant that's
+// true iff T is type ProtocolMessage, proto2::Message, or a subclass
+// of those.
+template <typename T>
+struct IsAProtocolMessage
+    : public bool_constant<
+  ImplicitlyConvertible<const T*, const ::ProtocolMessage*>::value ||
+  ImplicitlyConvertible<const T*, const ::proto2::Message*>::value> {
+};
+
+// When the compiler sees expression IsContainerTest<C>(0), if C is an
+// STL-style container class, the first overload of IsContainerTest
+// will be viable (since both C::iterator* and C::const_iterator* are
+// valid types and NULL can be implicitly converted to them).  It will
+// be picked over the second overload as 'int' is a perfect match for
+// the type of argument 0.  If C::iterator or C::const_iterator is not
+// a valid type, the first overload is not viable, and the second
+// overload will be picked.  Therefore, we can determine whether C is
+// a container class by checking the type of IsContainerTest<C>(0).
+// The value of the expression is insignificant.
+//
+// Note that we look for both C::iterator and C::const_iterator.  The
+// reason is that C++ injects the name of a class as a member of the
+// class itself (e.g. you can refer to class iterator as either
+// 'iterator' or 'iterator::iterator').  If we look for C::iterator
+// only, for example, we would mistakenly think that a class named
+// iterator is an STL container.
+//
+// Also note that the simpler approach of overloading
+// IsContainerTest(typename C::const_iterator*) and
+// IsContainerTest(...) doesn't work with Visual Age C++ and Sun C++.
+typedef int IsContainer;
+template <class C>
+IsContainer IsContainerTest(int /* dummy */,
+                            typename C::iterator* /* it */ = NULL,
+                            typename C::const_iterator* /* const_it */ = NULL) {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+typedef char IsNotContainer;
+template <class C>
+IsNotContainer IsContainerTest(long /* dummy */) { return '\0'; }
+
+// EnableIf<condition>::type is void when 'Cond' is true, and
+// undefined when 'Cond' is false.  To use SFINAE to make a function
+// overload only apply when a particular expression is true, add
+// "typename EnableIf<expression>::type* = 0" as the last parameter.
+template<bool> struct EnableIf;
+template<> struct EnableIf<true> { typedef void type; };  // NOLINT
+
+// Utilities for native arrays.
+
+// ArrayEq() compares two k-dimensional native arrays using the
+// elements' operator==, where k can be any integer >= 0.  When k is
+// 0, ArrayEq() degenerates into comparing a single pair of values.
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+bool ArrayEq(const T* lhs, size_t size, const U* rhs);
+
+// This generic version is used when k is 0.
+template <typename T, typename U>
+inline bool ArrayEq(const T& lhs, const U& rhs) { return lhs == rhs; }
+
+// This overload is used when k >= 1.
+template <typename T, typename U, size_t N>
+inline bool ArrayEq(const T(&lhs)[N], const U(&rhs)[N]) {
+  return internal::ArrayEq(lhs, N, rhs);
+}
+
+// This helper reduces code bloat.  If we instead put its logic inside
+// the previous ArrayEq() function, arrays with different sizes would
+// lead to different copies of the template code.
+template <typename T, typename U>
+bool ArrayEq(const T* lhs, size_t size, const U* rhs) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i != size; i++) {
+    if (!internal::ArrayEq(lhs[i], rhs[i]))
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Finds the first element in the iterator range [begin, end) that
+// equals elem.  Element may be a native array type itself.
+template <typename Iter, typename Element>
+Iter ArrayAwareFind(Iter begin, Iter end, const Element& elem) {
+  for (Iter it = begin; it != end; ++it) {
+    if (internal::ArrayEq(*it, elem))
+      return it;
+  }
+  return end;
+}
+
+// CopyArray() copies a k-dimensional native array using the elements'
+// operator=, where k can be any integer >= 0.  When k is 0,
+// CopyArray() degenerates into copying a single value.
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+void CopyArray(const T* from, size_t size, U* to);
+
+// This generic version is used when k is 0.
+template <typename T, typename U>
+inline void CopyArray(const T& from, U* to) { *to = from; }
+
+// This overload is used when k >= 1.
+template <typename T, typename U, size_t N>
+inline void CopyArray(const T(&from)[N], U(*to)[N]) {
+  internal::CopyArray(from, N, *to);
+}
+
+// This helper reduces code bloat.  If we instead put its logic inside
+// the previous CopyArray() function, arrays with different sizes
+// would lead to different copies of the template code.
+template <typename T, typename U>
+void CopyArray(const T* from, size_t size, U* to) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i != size; i++) {
+    internal::CopyArray(from[i], to + i);
+  }
+}
+
+// The relation between an NativeArray object (see below) and the
+// native array it represents.
+// We use 2 different structs to allow non-copyable types to be used, as long
+// as RelationToSourceReference() is passed.
+struct RelationToSourceReference {};
+struct RelationToSourceCopy {};
+
+// Adapts a native array to a read-only STL-style container.  Instead
+// of the complete STL container concept, this adaptor only implements
+// members useful for Google Mock's container matchers.  New members
+// should be added as needed.  To simplify the implementation, we only
+// support Element being a raw type (i.e. having no top-level const or
+// reference modifier).  It's the client's responsibility to satisfy
+// this requirement.  Element can be an array type itself (hence
+// multi-dimensional arrays are supported).
+template <typename Element>
+class NativeArray {
+ public:
+  // STL-style container typedefs.
+  typedef Element value_type;
+  typedef Element* iterator;
+  typedef const Element* const_iterator;
+
+  // Constructs from a native array. References the source.
+  NativeArray(const Element* array, size_t count, RelationToSourceReference) {
+    InitRef(array, count);
+  }
+
+  // Constructs from a native array. Copies the source.
+  NativeArray(const Element* array, size_t count, RelationToSourceCopy) {
+    InitCopy(array, count);
+  }
+
+  // Copy constructor.
+  NativeArray(const NativeArray& rhs) {
+    (this->*rhs.clone_)(rhs.array_, rhs.size_);
+  }
+
+  ~NativeArray() {
+    if (clone_ != &NativeArray::InitRef)
+      delete[] array_;
+  }
+
+  // STL-style container methods.
+  size_t size() const { return size_; }
+  const_iterator begin() const { return array_; }
+  const_iterator end() const { return array_ + size_; }
+  bool operator==(const NativeArray& rhs) const {
+    return size() == rhs.size() &&
+        ArrayEq(begin(), size(), rhs.begin());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  enum {
+    kCheckTypeIsNotConstOrAReference = StaticAssertTypeEqHelper<
+        Element, GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Element)>::value,
+  };
+
+  // Initializes this object with a copy of the input.
+  void InitCopy(const Element* array, size_t a_size) {
+    Element* const copy = new Element[a_size];
+    CopyArray(array, a_size, copy);
+    array_ = copy;
+    size_ = a_size;
+    clone_ = &NativeArray::InitCopy;
+  }
+
+  // Initializes this object with a reference of the input.
+  void InitRef(const Element* array, size_t a_size) {
+    array_ = array;
+    size_ = a_size;
+    clone_ = &NativeArray::InitRef;
+  }
+
+  const Element* array_;
+  size_t size_;
+  void (NativeArray::*clone_)(const Element*, size_t);
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(NativeArray);
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace testing
+
+#define GTEST_MESSAGE_AT_(file, line, message, result_type) \
+  ::testing::internal::AssertHelper(result_type, file, line, message) \
+    = ::testing::Message()
+
+#define GTEST_MESSAGE_(message, result_type) \
+  GTEST_MESSAGE_AT_(__FILE__, __LINE__, message, result_type)
+
+#define GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_(message) \
+  return GTEST_MESSAGE_(message, ::testing::TestPartResult::kFatalFailure)
+
+#define GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_(message) \
+  GTEST_MESSAGE_(message, ::testing::TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure)
+
+#define GTEST_SUCCESS_(message) \
+  GTEST_MESSAGE_(message, ::testing::TestPartResult::kSuccess)
+
+// Suppresses MSVC warnings 4072 (unreachable code) for the code following
+// statement if it returns or throws (or doesn't return or throw in some
+// situations).
+#define GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement) \
+  if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { statement; }
+
+#define GTEST_TEST_THROW_(statement, expected_exception, fail) \
+  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
+  if (::testing::internal::ConstCharPtr gtest_msg = "") { \
+    bool gtest_caught_expected = false; \
+    try { \
+      GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement); \
+    } \
+    catch (expected_exception const&) { \
+      gtest_caught_expected = true; \
+    } \
+    catch (...) { \
+      gtest_msg.value = \
+          "Expected: " #statement " throws an exception of type " \
+          #expected_exception ".\n  Actual: it throws a different type."; \
+      goto GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_testthrow_, __LINE__); \
+    } \
+    if (!gtest_caught_expected) { \
+      gtest_msg.value = \
+          "Expected: " #statement " throws an exception of type " \
+          #expected_exception ".\n  Actual: it throws nothing."; \
+      goto GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_testthrow_, __LINE__); \
+    } \
+  } else \
+    GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_testthrow_, __LINE__): \
+      fail(gtest_msg.value)
+
+#define GTEST_TEST_NO_THROW_(statement, fail) \
+  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
+  if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { \
+    try { \
+      GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement); \
+    } \
+    catch (...) { \
+      goto GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_testnothrow_, __LINE__); \
+    } \
+  } else \
+    GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_testnothrow_, __LINE__): \
+      fail("Expected: " #statement " doesn't throw an exception.\n" \
+           "  Actual: it throws.")
+
+#define GTEST_TEST_ANY_THROW_(statement, fail) \
+  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
+  if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { \
+    bool gtest_caught_any = false; \
+    try { \
+      GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement); \
+    } \
+    catch (...) { \
+      gtest_caught_any = true; \
+    } \
+    if (!gtest_caught_any) { \
+      goto GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_testanythrow_, __LINE__); \
+    } \
+  } else \
+    GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_testanythrow_, __LINE__): \
+      fail("Expected: " #statement " throws an exception.\n" \
+           "  Actual: it doesn't.")
+
+
+// Implements Boolean test assertions such as EXPECT_TRUE. expression can be
+// either a boolean expression or an AssertionResult. text is a textual
+// represenation of expression as it was passed into the EXPECT_TRUE.
+#define GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_(expression, text, actual, expected, fail) \
+  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
+  if (const ::testing::AssertionResult gtest_ar_ = \
+      ::testing::AssertionResult(expression)) \
+    ; \
+  else \
+    fail(::testing::internal::GetBoolAssertionFailureMessage(\
+        gtest_ar_, text, #actual, #expected).c_str())
+
+#define GTEST_TEST_NO_FATAL_FAILURE_(statement, fail) \
+  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
+  if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { \
+    ::testing::internal::HasNewFatalFailureHelper gtest_fatal_failure_checker; \
+    GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement); \
+    if (gtest_fatal_failure_checker.has_new_fatal_failure()) { \
+      goto GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_testnofatal_, __LINE__); \
+    } \
+  } else \
+    GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_testnofatal_, __LINE__): \
+      fail("Expected: " #statement " doesn't generate new fatal " \
+           "failures in the current thread.\n" \
+           "  Actual: it does.")
+
+// Expands to the name of the class that implements the given test.
+#define GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name) \
+  test_case_name##_##test_name##_Test
+
+// Helper macro for defining tests.
+#define GTEST_TEST_(test_case_name, test_name, parent_class, parent_id)\
+class GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name) : public parent_class {\
+ public:\
+  GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)() {}\
+ private:\
+  virtual void TestBody();\
+  static ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info_ GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;\
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(\
+      GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name));\
+};\
+\
+::testing::TestInfo* const GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)\
+  ::test_info_ =\
+    ::testing::internal::MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(\
+        #test_case_name, #test_name, NULL, NULL, \
+        ::testing::internal::CodeLocation(__FILE__, __LINE__), \
+        (parent_id), \
+        parent_class::SetUpTestCase, \
+        parent_class::TearDownTestCase, \
+        new ::testing::internal::TestFactoryImpl<\
+            GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)>);\
+void GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)::TestBody()
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_INTERNAL_H_
+
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-linked_ptr.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-linked_ptr.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..36029422174f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-linked_ptr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+// Copyright 2003 Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Authors: Dan Egnor (egnor@google.com)
+//
+// A "smart" pointer type with reference tracking.  Every pointer to a
+// particular object is kept on a circular linked list.  When the last pointer
+// to an object is destroyed or reassigned, the object is deleted.
+//
+// Used properly, this deletes the object when the last reference goes away.
+// There are several caveats:
+// - Like all reference counting schemes, cycles lead to leaks.
+// - Each smart pointer is actually two pointers (8 bytes instead of 4).
+// - Every time a pointer is assigned, the entire list of pointers to that
+//   object is traversed.  This class is therefore NOT SUITABLE when there
+//   will often be more than two or three pointers to a particular object.
+// - References are only tracked as long as linked_ptr<> objects are copied.
+//   If a linked_ptr<> is converted to a raw pointer and back, BAD THINGS
+//   will happen (double deletion).
+//
+// A good use of this class is storing object references in STL containers.
+// You can safely put linked_ptr<> in a vector<>.
+// Other uses may not be as good.
+//
+// Note: If you use an incomplete type with linked_ptr<>, the class
+// *containing* linked_ptr<> must have a constructor and destructor (even
+// if they do nothing!).
+//
+// Bill Gibbons suggested we use something like this.
+//
+// Thread Safety:
+//   Unlike other linked_ptr implementations, in this implementation
+//   a linked_ptr object is thread-safe in the sense that:
+//     - it's safe to copy linked_ptr objects concurrently,
+//     - it's safe to copy *from* a linked_ptr and read its underlying
+//       raw pointer (e.g. via get()) concurrently, and
+//     - it's safe to write to two linked_ptrs that point to the same
+//       shared object concurrently.
+// TODO(wan@google.com): rename this to safe_linked_ptr to avoid
+// confusion with normal linked_ptr.
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_LINKED_PTR_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_LINKED_PTR_H_
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+
+namespace testing {
+namespace internal {
+
+// Protects copying of all linked_ptr objects.
+GTEST_API_ GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_linked_ptr_mutex);
+
+// This is used internally by all instances of linked_ptr<>.  It needs to be
+// a non-template class because different types of linked_ptr<> can refer to
+// the same object (linked_ptr<Superclass>(obj) vs linked_ptr<Subclass>(obj)).
+// So, it needs to be possible for different types of linked_ptr to participate
+// in the same circular linked list, so we need a single class type here.
+//
+// DO NOT USE THIS CLASS DIRECTLY YOURSELF.  Use linked_ptr<T>.
+class linked_ptr_internal {
+ public:
+  // Create a new circle that includes only this instance.
+  void join_new() {
+    next_ = this;
+  }
+
+  // Many linked_ptr operations may change p.link_ for some linked_ptr
+  // variable p in the same circle as this object.  Therefore we need
+  // to prevent two such operations from occurring concurrently.
+  //
+  // Note that different types of linked_ptr objects can coexist in a
+  // circle (e.g. linked_ptr<Base>, linked_ptr<Derived1>, and
+  // linked_ptr<Derived2>).  Therefore we must use a single mutex to
+  // protect all linked_ptr objects.  This can create serious
+  // contention in production code, but is acceptable in a testing
+  // framework.
+
+  // Join an existing circle.
+  void join(linked_ptr_internal const* ptr)
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_linked_ptr_mutex) {
+    MutexLock lock(&g_linked_ptr_mutex);
+
+    linked_ptr_internal const* p = ptr;
+    while (p->next_ != ptr) {
+      assert(p->next_ != this &&
+             "Trying to join() a linked ring we are already in. "
+             "Is GMock thread safety enabled?");
+      p = p->next_;
+    }
+    p->next_ = this;
+    next_ = ptr;
+  }
+
+  // Leave whatever circle we're part of.  Returns true if we were the
+  // last member of the circle.  Once this is done, you can join() another.
+  bool depart()
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_linked_ptr_mutex) {
+    MutexLock lock(&g_linked_ptr_mutex);
+
+    if (next_ == this) return true;
+    linked_ptr_internal const* p = next_;
+    while (p->next_ != this) {
+      assert(p->next_ != next_ &&
+             "Trying to depart() a linked ring we are not in. "
+             "Is GMock thread safety enabled?");
+      p = p->next_;
+    }
+    p->next_ = next_;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  mutable linked_ptr_internal const* next_;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class linked_ptr {
+ public:
+  typedef T element_type;
+
+  // Take over ownership of a raw pointer.  This should happen as soon as
+  // possible after the object is created.
+  explicit linked_ptr(T* ptr = NULL) { capture(ptr); }
+  ~linked_ptr() { depart(); }
+
+  // Copy an existing linked_ptr<>, adding ourselves to the list of references.
+  template <typename U> linked_ptr(linked_ptr<U> const& ptr) { copy(&ptr); }
+  linked_ptr(linked_ptr const& ptr) {  // NOLINT
+    assert(&ptr != this);
+    copy(&ptr);
+  }
+
+  // Assignment releases the old value and acquires the new.
+  template <typename U> linked_ptr& operator=(linked_ptr<U> const& ptr) {
+    depart();
+    copy(&ptr);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  linked_ptr& operator=(linked_ptr const& ptr) {
+    if (&ptr != this) {
+      depart();
+      copy(&ptr);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // Smart pointer members.
+  void reset(T* ptr = NULL) {
+    depart();
+    capture(ptr);
+  }
+  T* get() const { return value_; }
+  T* operator->() const { return value_; }
+  T& operator*() const { return *value_; }
+
+  bool operator==(T* p) const { return value_ == p; }
+  bool operator!=(T* p) const { return value_ != p; }
+  template <typename U>
+  bool operator==(linked_ptr<U> const& ptr) const {
+    return value_ == ptr.get();
+  }
+  template <typename U>
+  bool operator!=(linked_ptr<U> const& ptr) const {
+    return value_ != ptr.get();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  template <typename U>
+  friend class linked_ptr;
+
+  T* value_;
+  linked_ptr_internal link_;
+
+  void depart() {
+    if (link_.depart()) delete value_;
+  }
+
+  void capture(T* ptr) {
+    value_ = ptr;
+    link_.join_new();
+  }
+
+  template <typename U> void copy(linked_ptr<U> const* ptr) {
+    value_ = ptr->get();
+    if (value_)
+      link_.join(&ptr->link_);
+    else
+      link_.join_new();
+  }
+};
+
+template<typename T> inline
+bool operator==(T* ptr, const linked_ptr<T>& x) {
+  return ptr == x.get();
+}
+
+template<typename T> inline
+bool operator!=(T* ptr, const linked_ptr<T>& x) {
+  return ptr != x.get();
+}
+
+// A function to convert T* into linked_ptr<T>
+// Doing e.g. make_linked_ptr(new FooBarBaz<type>(arg)) is a shorter notation
+// for linked_ptr<FooBarBaz<type> >(new FooBarBaz<type>(arg))
+template <typename T>
+linked_ptr<T> make_linked_ptr(T* ptr) {
+  return linked_ptr<T>(ptr);
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace testing
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_LINKED_PTR_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4d1d81d20ffc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h
@@ -0,0 +1,5146 @@
+// This file was GENERATED by command:
+//     pump.py gtest-param-util-generated.h.pump
+// DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!!
+
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+// All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
+
+// Type and function utilities for implementing parameterized tests.
+// This file is generated by a SCRIPT.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
+//
+// Currently Google Test supports at most 50 arguments in Values,
+// and at most 10 arguments in Combine. Please contact
+// googletestframework@googlegroups.com if you need more.
+// Please note that the number of arguments to Combine is limited
+// by the maximum arity of the implementation of tuple which is
+// currently set at 10.
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_GENERATED_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_GENERATED_H_
+
+// scripts/fuse_gtest.py depends on gtest's own header being #included
+// *unconditionally*.  Therefore these #includes cannot be moved
+// inside #if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST.
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+namespace testing {
+
+// Forward declarations of ValuesIn(), which is implemented in
+// include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.
+template <typename ForwardIterator>
+internal::ParamGenerator<
+  typename ::testing::internal::IteratorTraits<ForwardIterator>::value_type>
+ValuesIn(ForwardIterator begin, ForwardIterator end);
+
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+internal::ParamGenerator<T> ValuesIn(const T (&array)[N]);
+
+template <class Container>
+internal::ParamGenerator<typename Container::value_type> ValuesIn(
+    const Container& container);
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// Used in the Values() function to provide polymorphic capabilities.
+template <typename T1>
+class ValueArray1 {
+ public:
+  explicit ValueArray1(T1 v1) : v1_(v1) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray1& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+class ValueArray2 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray2(T1 v1, T2 v2) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray2& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
+class ValueArray3 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray3(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray3& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
+class ValueArray4 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray4(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3),
+      v4_(v4) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray4& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
+class ValueArray5 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray5(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3),
+      v4_(v4), v5_(v5) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray5& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6>
+class ValueArray6 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray6(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2),
+      v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray6& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7>
+class ValueArray7 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray7(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7) : v1_(v1),
+      v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray7& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8>
+class ValueArray8 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray8(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7,
+      T8 v8) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
+      v8_(v8) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray8& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9>
+class ValueArray9 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray9(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8,
+      T9 v9) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
+      v8_(v8), v9_(v9) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray9& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10>
+class ValueArray10 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray10(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
+      v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray10& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11>
+class ValueArray11 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray11(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6),
+      v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray11& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12>
+class ValueArray12 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray12(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5),
+      v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray12& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13>
+class ValueArray13 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray13(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4),
+      v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11),
+      v12_(v12), v13_(v13) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray13& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14>
+class ValueArray14 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray14(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3),
+      v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
+      v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray14& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15>
+class ValueArray15 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray15(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2),
+      v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
+      v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray15& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16>
+class ValueArray16 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray16(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16) : v1_(v1),
+      v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9),
+      v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15),
+      v16_(v16) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray16& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17>
+class ValueArray17 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray17(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16,
+      T17 v17) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
+      v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
+      v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray17& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18>
+class ValueArray18 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray18(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
+      v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
+      v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray18& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19>
+class ValueArray19 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray19(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6),
+      v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13),
+      v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray19& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20>
+class ValueArray20 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray20(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5),
+      v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12),
+      v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18),
+      v19_(v19), v20_(v20) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray20& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21>
+class ValueArray21 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray21(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4),
+      v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11),
+      v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17),
+      v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray21& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22>
+class ValueArray22 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray22(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3),
+      v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
+      v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16),
+      v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray22& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23>
+class ValueArray23 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray23(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2),
+      v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
+      v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16),
+      v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22),
+      v23_(v23) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray23& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24>
+class ValueArray24 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray24(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24) : v1_(v1),
+      v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9),
+      v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15),
+      v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21),
+      v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray24& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25>
+class ValueArray25 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray25(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24,
+      T25 v25) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
+      v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
+      v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20),
+      v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray25& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26>
+class ValueArray26 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray26(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+      T26 v26) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
+      v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
+      v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20),
+      v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray26& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+  const T26 v26_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27>
+class ValueArray27 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray27(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+      T26 v26, T27 v27) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6),
+      v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13),
+      v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19),
+      v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25),
+      v26_(v26), v27_(v27) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray27& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+  const T26 v26_;
+  const T27 v27_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28>
+class ValueArray28 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray28(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5),
+      v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12),
+      v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18),
+      v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24),
+      v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray28& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+  const T26 v26_;
+  const T27 v27_;
+  const T28 v28_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29>
+class ValueArray29 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray29(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4),
+      v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11),
+      v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17),
+      v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23),
+      v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray29& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+  const T26 v26_;
+  const T27 v27_;
+  const T28 v28_;
+  const T29 v29_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30>
+class ValueArray30 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray30(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3),
+      v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
+      v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16),
+      v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22),
+      v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28),
+      v29_(v29), v30_(v30) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray30& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+  const T26 v26_;
+  const T27 v27_;
+  const T28 v28_;
+  const T29 v29_;
+  const T30 v30_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31>
+class ValueArray31 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray31(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2),
+      v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
+      v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16),
+      v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22),
+      v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28),
+      v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray31& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+  const T26 v26_;
+  const T27 v27_;
+  const T28 v28_;
+  const T29 v29_;
+  const T30 v30_;
+  const T31 v31_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32>
+class ValueArray32 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray32(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32) : v1_(v1),
+      v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9),
+      v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15),
+      v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21),
+      v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27),
+      v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray32& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+  const T26 v26_;
+  const T27 v27_;
+  const T28 v28_;
+  const T29 v29_;
+  const T30 v30_;
+  const T31 v31_;
+  const T32 v32_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33>
+class ValueArray33 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray33(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32,
+      T33 v33) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
+      v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
+      v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20),
+      v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26),
+      v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32),
+      v33_(v33) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray33& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+  const T26 v26_;
+  const T27 v27_;
+  const T28 v28_;
+  const T29 v29_;
+  const T30 v30_;
+  const T31 v31_;
+  const T32 v32_;
+  const T33 v33_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34>
+class ValueArray34 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray34(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
+      T34 v34) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
+      v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
+      v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20),
+      v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26),
+      v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32),
+      v33_(v33), v34_(v34) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray34& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+  const T26 v26_;
+  const T27 v27_;
+  const T28 v28_;
+  const T29 v29_;
+  const T30 v30_;
+  const T31 v31_;
+  const T32 v32_;
+  const T33 v33_;
+  const T34 v34_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35>
+class ValueArray35 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray35(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
+      T34 v34, T35 v35) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6),
+      v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13),
+      v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19),
+      v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25),
+      v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31),
+      v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray35& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+  const T26 v26_;
+  const T27 v27_;
+  const T28 v28_;
+  const T29 v29_;
+  const T30 v30_;
+  const T31 v31_;
+  const T32 v32_;
+  const T33 v33_;
+  const T34 v34_;
+  const T35 v35_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36>
+class ValueArray36 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray36(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
+      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5),
+      v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12),
+      v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18),
+      v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24),
+      v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30),
+      v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray36& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+  const T26 v26_;
+  const T27 v27_;
+  const T28 v28_;
+  const T29 v29_;
+  const T30 v30_;
+  const T31 v31_;
+  const T32 v32_;
+  const T33 v33_;
+  const T34 v34_;
+  const T35 v35_;
+  const T36 v36_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37>
+class ValueArray37 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray37(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
+      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4),
+      v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11),
+      v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17),
+      v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23),
+      v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29),
+      v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35),
+      v36_(v36), v37_(v37) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray37& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+  const T26 v26_;
+  const T27 v27_;
+  const T28 v28_;
+  const T29 v29_;
+  const T30 v30_;
+  const T31 v31_;
+  const T32 v32_;
+  const T33 v33_;
+  const T34 v34_;
+  const T35 v35_;
+  const T36 v36_;
+  const T37 v37_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38>
+class ValueArray38 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray38(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
+      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3),
+      v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
+      v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16),
+      v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22),
+      v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28),
+      v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34),
+      v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray38& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+  const T26 v26_;
+  const T27 v27_;
+  const T28 v28_;
+  const T29 v29_;
+  const T30 v30_;
+  const T31 v31_;
+  const T32 v32_;
+  const T33 v33_;
+  const T34 v34_;
+  const T35 v35_;
+  const T36 v36_;
+  const T37 v37_;
+  const T38 v38_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39>
+class ValueArray39 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray39(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
+      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2),
+      v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
+      v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16),
+      v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22),
+      v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28),
+      v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34),
+      v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38), v39_(v39) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray39& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+  const T26 v26_;
+  const T27 v27_;
+  const T28 v28_;
+  const T29 v29_;
+  const T30 v30_;
+  const T31 v31_;
+  const T32 v32_;
+  const T33 v33_;
+  const T34 v34_;
+  const T35 v35_;
+  const T36 v36_;
+  const T37 v37_;
+  const T38 v38_;
+  const T39 v39_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40>
+class ValueArray40 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray40(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
+      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40) : v1_(v1),
+      v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9),
+      v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15),
+      v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21),
+      v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27),
+      v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33),
+      v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38), v39_(v39),
+      v40_(v40) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray40& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+  const T26 v26_;
+  const T27 v27_;
+  const T28 v28_;
+  const T29 v29_;
+  const T30 v30_;
+  const T31 v31_;
+  const T32 v32_;
+  const T33 v33_;
+  const T34 v34_;
+  const T35 v35_;
+  const T36 v36_;
+  const T37 v37_;
+  const T38 v38_;
+  const T39 v39_;
+  const T40 v40_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41>
+class ValueArray41 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray41(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
+      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40,
+      T41 v41) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
+      v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
+      v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20),
+      v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26),
+      v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32),
+      v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38),
+      v39_(v39), v40_(v40), v41_(v41) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray41& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+  const T26 v26_;
+  const T27 v27_;
+  const T28 v28_;
+  const T29 v29_;
+  const T30 v30_;
+  const T31 v31_;
+  const T32 v32_;
+  const T33 v33_;
+  const T34 v34_;
+  const T35 v35_;
+  const T36 v36_;
+  const T37 v37_;
+  const T38 v38_;
+  const T39 v39_;
+  const T40 v40_;
+  const T41 v41_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42>
+class ValueArray42 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray42(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
+      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41,
+      T42 v42) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
+      v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
+      v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20),
+      v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26),
+      v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32),
+      v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38),
+      v39_(v39), v40_(v40), v41_(v41), v42_(v42) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray42& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+  const T26 v26_;
+  const T27 v27_;
+  const T28 v28_;
+  const T29 v29_;
+  const T30 v30_;
+  const T31 v31_;
+  const T32 v32_;
+  const T33 v33_;
+  const T34 v34_;
+  const T35 v35_;
+  const T36 v36_;
+  const T37 v37_;
+  const T38 v38_;
+  const T39 v39_;
+  const T40 v40_;
+  const T41 v41_;
+  const T42 v42_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43>
+class ValueArray43 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray43(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
+      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41,
+      T42 v42, T43 v43) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6),
+      v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13),
+      v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19),
+      v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25),
+      v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31),
+      v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37),
+      v38_(v38), v39_(v39), v40_(v40), v41_(v41), v42_(v42), v43_(v43) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray43& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+  const T26 v26_;
+  const T27 v27_;
+  const T28 v28_;
+  const T29 v29_;
+  const T30 v30_;
+  const T31 v31_;
+  const T32 v32_;
+  const T33 v33_;
+  const T34 v34_;
+  const T35 v35_;
+  const T36 v36_;
+  const T37 v37_;
+  const T38 v38_;
+  const T39 v39_;
+  const T40 v40_;
+  const T41 v41_;
+  const T42 v42_;
+  const T43 v43_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44>
+class ValueArray44 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray44(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
+      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41,
+      T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5),
+      v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12),
+      v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18),
+      v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24),
+      v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30),
+      v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36),
+      v37_(v37), v38_(v38), v39_(v39), v40_(v40), v41_(v41), v42_(v42),
+      v43_(v43), v44_(v44) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray44& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+  const T26 v26_;
+  const T27 v27_;
+  const T28 v28_;
+  const T29 v29_;
+  const T30 v30_;
+  const T31 v31_;
+  const T32 v32_;
+  const T33 v33_;
+  const T34 v34_;
+  const T35 v35_;
+  const T36 v36_;
+  const T37 v37_;
+  const T38 v38_;
+  const T39 v39_;
+  const T40 v40_;
+  const T41 v41_;
+  const T42 v42_;
+  const T43 v43_;
+  const T44 v44_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45>
+class ValueArray45 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray45(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
+      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41,
+      T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44, T45 v45) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4),
+      v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11),
+      v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17),
+      v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23),
+      v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29),
+      v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35),
+      v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38), v39_(v39), v40_(v40), v41_(v41),
+      v42_(v42), v43_(v43), v44_(v44), v45_(v45) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
+        static_cast<T>(v45_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray45& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+  const T26 v26_;
+  const T27 v27_;
+  const T28 v28_;
+  const T29 v29_;
+  const T30 v30_;
+  const T31 v31_;
+  const T32 v32_;
+  const T33 v33_;
+  const T34 v34_;
+  const T35 v35_;
+  const T36 v36_;
+  const T37 v37_;
+  const T38 v38_;
+  const T39 v39_;
+  const T40 v40_;
+  const T41 v41_;
+  const T42 v42_;
+  const T43 v43_;
+  const T44 v44_;
+  const T45 v45_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
+    typename T46>
+class ValueArray46 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray46(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
+      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41,
+      T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44, T45 v45, T46 v46) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3),
+      v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
+      v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16),
+      v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22),
+      v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28),
+      v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34),
+      v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38), v39_(v39), v40_(v40),
+      v41_(v41), v42_(v42), v43_(v43), v44_(v44), v45_(v45), v46_(v46) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
+        static_cast<T>(v45_), static_cast<T>(v46_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray46& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+  const T26 v26_;
+  const T27 v27_;
+  const T28 v28_;
+  const T29 v29_;
+  const T30 v30_;
+  const T31 v31_;
+  const T32 v32_;
+  const T33 v33_;
+  const T34 v34_;
+  const T35 v35_;
+  const T36 v36_;
+  const T37 v37_;
+  const T38 v38_;
+  const T39 v39_;
+  const T40 v40_;
+  const T41 v41_;
+  const T42 v42_;
+  const T43 v43_;
+  const T44 v44_;
+  const T45 v45_;
+  const T46 v46_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
+    typename T46, typename T47>
+class ValueArray47 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray47(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
+      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41,
+      T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44, T45 v45, T46 v46, T47 v47) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2),
+      v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
+      v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16),
+      v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22),
+      v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28),
+      v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34),
+      v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38), v39_(v39), v40_(v40),
+      v41_(v41), v42_(v42), v43_(v43), v44_(v44), v45_(v45), v46_(v46),
+      v47_(v47) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
+        static_cast<T>(v45_), static_cast<T>(v46_), static_cast<T>(v47_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray47& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+  const T26 v26_;
+  const T27 v27_;
+  const T28 v28_;
+  const T29 v29_;
+  const T30 v30_;
+  const T31 v31_;
+  const T32 v32_;
+  const T33 v33_;
+  const T34 v34_;
+  const T35 v35_;
+  const T36 v36_;
+  const T37 v37_;
+  const T38 v38_;
+  const T39 v39_;
+  const T40 v40_;
+  const T41 v41_;
+  const T42 v42_;
+  const T43 v43_;
+  const T44 v44_;
+  const T45 v45_;
+  const T46 v46_;
+  const T47 v47_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
+    typename T46, typename T47, typename T48>
+class ValueArray48 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray48(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
+      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41,
+      T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44, T45 v45, T46 v46, T47 v47, T48 v48) : v1_(v1),
+      v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9),
+      v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15),
+      v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21),
+      v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27),
+      v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33),
+      v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38), v39_(v39),
+      v40_(v40), v41_(v41), v42_(v42), v43_(v43), v44_(v44), v45_(v45),
+      v46_(v46), v47_(v47), v48_(v48) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
+        static_cast<T>(v45_), static_cast<T>(v46_), static_cast<T>(v47_),
+        static_cast<T>(v48_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray48& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+  const T26 v26_;
+  const T27 v27_;
+  const T28 v28_;
+  const T29 v29_;
+  const T30 v30_;
+  const T31 v31_;
+  const T32 v32_;
+  const T33 v33_;
+  const T34 v34_;
+  const T35 v35_;
+  const T36 v36_;
+  const T37 v37_;
+  const T38 v38_;
+  const T39 v39_;
+  const T40 v40_;
+  const T41 v41_;
+  const T42 v42_;
+  const T43 v43_;
+  const T44 v44_;
+  const T45 v45_;
+  const T46 v46_;
+  const T47 v47_;
+  const T48 v48_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
+    typename T46, typename T47, typename T48, typename T49>
+class ValueArray49 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray49(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
+      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41,
+      T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44, T45 v45, T46 v46, T47 v47, T48 v48,
+      T49 v49) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
+      v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
+      v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20),
+      v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26),
+      v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32),
+      v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38),
+      v39_(v39), v40_(v40), v41_(v41), v42_(v42), v43_(v43), v44_(v44),
+      v45_(v45), v46_(v46), v47_(v47), v48_(v48), v49_(v49) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
+        static_cast<T>(v45_), static_cast<T>(v46_), static_cast<T>(v47_),
+        static_cast<T>(v48_), static_cast<T>(v49_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray49& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+  const T26 v26_;
+  const T27 v27_;
+  const T28 v28_;
+  const T29 v29_;
+  const T30 v30_;
+  const T31 v31_;
+  const T32 v32_;
+  const T33 v33_;
+  const T34 v34_;
+  const T35 v35_;
+  const T36 v36_;
+  const T37 v37_;
+  const T38 v38_;
+  const T39 v39_;
+  const T40 v40_;
+  const T41 v41_;
+  const T42 v42_;
+  const T43 v43_;
+  const T44 v44_;
+  const T45 v45_;
+  const T46 v46_;
+  const T47 v47_;
+  const T48 v48_;
+  const T49 v49_;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
+    typename T46, typename T47, typename T48, typename T49, typename T50>
+class ValueArray50 {
+ public:
+  ValueArray50(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
+      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
+      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
+      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
+      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41,
+      T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44, T45 v45, T46 v46, T47 v47, T48 v48, T49 v49,
+      T50 v50) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
+      v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
+      v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20),
+      v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26),
+      v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32),
+      v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38),
+      v39_(v39), v40_(v40), v41_(v41), v42_(v42), v43_(v43), v44_(v44),
+      v45_(v45), v46_(v46), v47_(v47), v48_(v48), v49_(v49), v50_(v50) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
+        static_cast<T>(v45_), static_cast<T>(v46_), static_cast<T>(v47_),
+        static_cast<T>(v48_), static_cast<T>(v49_), static_cast<T>(v50_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray50& other);
+
+  const T1 v1_;
+  const T2 v2_;
+  const T3 v3_;
+  const T4 v4_;
+  const T5 v5_;
+  const T6 v6_;
+  const T7 v7_;
+  const T8 v8_;
+  const T9 v9_;
+  const T10 v10_;
+  const T11 v11_;
+  const T12 v12_;
+  const T13 v13_;
+  const T14 v14_;
+  const T15 v15_;
+  const T16 v16_;
+  const T17 v17_;
+  const T18 v18_;
+  const T19 v19_;
+  const T20 v20_;
+  const T21 v21_;
+  const T22 v22_;
+  const T23 v23_;
+  const T24 v24_;
+  const T25 v25_;
+  const T26 v26_;
+  const T27 v27_;
+  const T28 v28_;
+  const T29 v29_;
+  const T30 v30_;
+  const T31 v31_;
+  const T32 v32_;
+  const T33 v33_;
+  const T34 v34_;
+  const T35 v35_;
+  const T36 v36_;
+  const T37 v37_;
+  const T38 v38_;
+  const T39 v39_;
+  const T40 v40_;
+  const T41 v41_;
+  const T42 v42_;
+  const T43 v43_;
+  const T44 v44_;
+  const T45 v45_;
+  const T46 v46_;
+  const T47 v47_;
+  const T48 v48_;
+  const T49 v49_;
+  const T50 v50_;
+};
+
+# if GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
+//
+// Generates values from the Cartesian product of values produced
+// by the argument generators.
+//
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+class CartesianProductGenerator2
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2> > {
+ public:
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2> ParamType;
+
+  CartesianProductGenerator2(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
+      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2)
+      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2) {}
+  virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator2() {}
+
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Begin() const {
+    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.begin(), g2_, g2_.begin());
+  }
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* End() const {
+    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.end(), g2_, g2_.end());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  class Iterator : public ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType> {
+   public:
+    Iterator(const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* base,
+      const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator& current1,
+      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator& current2)
+        : base_(base),
+          begin1_(g1.begin()), end1_(g1.end()), current1_(current1),
+          begin2_(g2.begin()), end2_(g2.end()), current2_(current2)    {
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+    virtual ~Iterator() {}
+
+    virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* BaseGenerator() const {
+      return base_;
+    }
+    // Advance should not be called on beyond-of-range iterators
+    // so no component iterators must be beyond end of range, either.
+    virtual void Advance() {
+      assert(!AtEnd());
+      ++current2_;
+      if (current2_ == end2_) {
+        current2_ = begin2_;
+        ++current1_;
+      }
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+    virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
+      return new Iterator(*this);
+    }
+    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
+    virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
+      // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
+      // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
+      GTEST_CHECK_(BaseGenerator() == other.BaseGenerator())
+          << "The program attempted to compare iterators "
+          << "from different generators." << std::endl;
+      const Iterator* typed_other =
+          CheckedDowncastToActualType<const Iterator>(&other);
+      // We must report iterators equal if they both point beyond their
+      // respective ranges. That can happen in a variety of fashions,
+      // so we have to consult AtEnd().
+      return (AtEnd() && typed_other->AtEnd()) ||
+         (
+          current1_ == typed_other->current1_ &&
+          current2_ == typed_other->current2_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    Iterator(const Iterator& other)
+        : base_(other.base_),
+        begin1_(other.begin1_),
+        end1_(other.end1_),
+        current1_(other.current1_),
+        begin2_(other.begin2_),
+        end2_(other.end2_),
+        current2_(other.current2_) {
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+
+    void ComputeCurrentValue() {
+      if (!AtEnd())
+        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_);
+    }
+    bool AtEnd() const {
+      // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
+      // component iterators has reached the end of its range.
+      return
+          current1_ == end1_ ||
+          current2_ == end2_;
+    }
+
+    // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+    void operator=(const Iterator& other);
+
+    const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* const base_;
+    // begin[i]_ and end[i]_ define the i-th range that Iterator traverses.
+    // current[i]_ is the actual traversing iterator.
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator begin1_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator end1_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator current1_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator begin2_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator end2_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator current2_;
+    ParamType current_value_;
+  };  // class CartesianProductGenerator2::Iterator
+
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const CartesianProductGenerator2& other);
+
+  const ParamGenerator<T1> g1_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T2> g2_;
+};  // class CartesianProductGenerator2
+
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
+class CartesianProductGenerator3
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3> > {
+ public:
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3> ParamType;
+
+  CartesianProductGenerator3(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
+      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3)
+      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3) {}
+  virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator3() {}
+
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Begin() const {
+    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.begin(), g2_, g2_.begin(), g3_,
+        g3_.begin());
+  }
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* End() const {
+    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.end(), g2_, g2_.end(), g3_, g3_.end());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  class Iterator : public ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType> {
+   public:
+    Iterator(const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* base,
+      const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator& current1,
+      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator& current2,
+      const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator& current3)
+        : base_(base),
+          begin1_(g1.begin()), end1_(g1.end()), current1_(current1),
+          begin2_(g2.begin()), end2_(g2.end()), current2_(current2),
+          begin3_(g3.begin()), end3_(g3.end()), current3_(current3)    {
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+    virtual ~Iterator() {}
+
+    virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* BaseGenerator() const {
+      return base_;
+    }
+    // Advance should not be called on beyond-of-range iterators
+    // so no component iterators must be beyond end of range, either.
+    virtual void Advance() {
+      assert(!AtEnd());
+      ++current3_;
+      if (current3_ == end3_) {
+        current3_ = begin3_;
+        ++current2_;
+      }
+      if (current2_ == end2_) {
+        current2_ = begin2_;
+        ++current1_;
+      }
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+    virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
+      return new Iterator(*this);
+    }
+    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
+    virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
+      // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
+      // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
+      GTEST_CHECK_(BaseGenerator() == other.BaseGenerator())
+          << "The program attempted to compare iterators "
+          << "from different generators." << std::endl;
+      const Iterator* typed_other =
+          CheckedDowncastToActualType<const Iterator>(&other);
+      // We must report iterators equal if they both point beyond their
+      // respective ranges. That can happen in a variety of fashions,
+      // so we have to consult AtEnd().
+      return (AtEnd() && typed_other->AtEnd()) ||
+         (
+          current1_ == typed_other->current1_ &&
+          current2_ == typed_other->current2_ &&
+          current3_ == typed_other->current3_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    Iterator(const Iterator& other)
+        : base_(other.base_),
+        begin1_(other.begin1_),
+        end1_(other.end1_),
+        current1_(other.current1_),
+        begin2_(other.begin2_),
+        end2_(other.end2_),
+        current2_(other.current2_),
+        begin3_(other.begin3_),
+        end3_(other.end3_),
+        current3_(other.current3_) {
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+
+    void ComputeCurrentValue() {
+      if (!AtEnd())
+        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_);
+    }
+    bool AtEnd() const {
+      // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
+      // component iterators has reached the end of its range.
+      return
+          current1_ == end1_ ||
+          current2_ == end2_ ||
+          current3_ == end3_;
+    }
+
+    // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+    void operator=(const Iterator& other);
+
+    const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* const base_;
+    // begin[i]_ and end[i]_ define the i-th range that Iterator traverses.
+    // current[i]_ is the actual traversing iterator.
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator begin1_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator end1_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator current1_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator begin2_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator end2_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator current2_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator begin3_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator end3_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator current3_;
+    ParamType current_value_;
+  };  // class CartesianProductGenerator3::Iterator
+
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const CartesianProductGenerator3& other);
+
+  const ParamGenerator<T1> g1_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T2> g2_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T3> g3_;
+};  // class CartesianProductGenerator3
+
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
+class CartesianProductGenerator4
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> > {
+ public:
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> ParamType;
+
+  CartesianProductGenerator4(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
+      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
+      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4)
+      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4) {}
+  virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator4() {}
+
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Begin() const {
+    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.begin(), g2_, g2_.begin(), g3_,
+        g3_.begin(), g4_, g4_.begin());
+  }
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* End() const {
+    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.end(), g2_, g2_.end(), g3_, g3_.end(),
+        g4_, g4_.end());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  class Iterator : public ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType> {
+   public:
+    Iterator(const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* base,
+      const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator& current1,
+      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator& current2,
+      const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator& current3,
+      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator& current4)
+        : base_(base),
+          begin1_(g1.begin()), end1_(g1.end()), current1_(current1),
+          begin2_(g2.begin()), end2_(g2.end()), current2_(current2),
+          begin3_(g3.begin()), end3_(g3.end()), current3_(current3),
+          begin4_(g4.begin()), end4_(g4.end()), current4_(current4)    {
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+    virtual ~Iterator() {}
+
+    virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* BaseGenerator() const {
+      return base_;
+    }
+    // Advance should not be called on beyond-of-range iterators
+    // so no component iterators must be beyond end of range, either.
+    virtual void Advance() {
+      assert(!AtEnd());
+      ++current4_;
+      if (current4_ == end4_) {
+        current4_ = begin4_;
+        ++current3_;
+      }
+      if (current3_ == end3_) {
+        current3_ = begin3_;
+        ++current2_;
+      }
+      if (current2_ == end2_) {
+        current2_ = begin2_;
+        ++current1_;
+      }
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+    virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
+      return new Iterator(*this);
+    }
+    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
+    virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
+      // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
+      // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
+      GTEST_CHECK_(BaseGenerator() == other.BaseGenerator())
+          << "The program attempted to compare iterators "
+          << "from different generators." << std::endl;
+      const Iterator* typed_other =
+          CheckedDowncastToActualType<const Iterator>(&other);
+      // We must report iterators equal if they both point beyond their
+      // respective ranges. That can happen in a variety of fashions,
+      // so we have to consult AtEnd().
+      return (AtEnd() && typed_other->AtEnd()) ||
+         (
+          current1_ == typed_other->current1_ &&
+          current2_ == typed_other->current2_ &&
+          current3_ == typed_other->current3_ &&
+          current4_ == typed_other->current4_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    Iterator(const Iterator& other)
+        : base_(other.base_),
+        begin1_(other.begin1_),
+        end1_(other.end1_),
+        current1_(other.current1_),
+        begin2_(other.begin2_),
+        end2_(other.end2_),
+        current2_(other.current2_),
+        begin3_(other.begin3_),
+        end3_(other.end3_),
+        current3_(other.current3_),
+        begin4_(other.begin4_),
+        end4_(other.end4_),
+        current4_(other.current4_) {
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+
+    void ComputeCurrentValue() {
+      if (!AtEnd())
+        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
+            *current4_);
+    }
+    bool AtEnd() const {
+      // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
+      // component iterators has reached the end of its range.
+      return
+          current1_ == end1_ ||
+          current2_ == end2_ ||
+          current3_ == end3_ ||
+          current4_ == end4_;
+    }
+
+    // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+    void operator=(const Iterator& other);
+
+    const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* const base_;
+    // begin[i]_ and end[i]_ define the i-th range that Iterator traverses.
+    // current[i]_ is the actual traversing iterator.
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator begin1_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator end1_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator current1_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator begin2_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator end2_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator current2_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator begin3_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator end3_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator current3_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator begin4_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator end4_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator current4_;
+    ParamType current_value_;
+  };  // class CartesianProductGenerator4::Iterator
+
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const CartesianProductGenerator4& other);
+
+  const ParamGenerator<T1> g1_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T2> g2_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T3> g3_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T4> g4_;
+};  // class CartesianProductGenerator4
+
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
+class CartesianProductGenerator5
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> > {
+ public:
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> ParamType;
+
+  CartesianProductGenerator5(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
+      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
+      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4, const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5)
+      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5) {}
+  virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator5() {}
+
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Begin() const {
+    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.begin(), g2_, g2_.begin(), g3_,
+        g3_.begin(), g4_, g4_.begin(), g5_, g5_.begin());
+  }
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* End() const {
+    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.end(), g2_, g2_.end(), g3_, g3_.end(),
+        g4_, g4_.end(), g5_, g5_.end());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  class Iterator : public ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType> {
+   public:
+    Iterator(const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* base,
+      const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator& current1,
+      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator& current2,
+      const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator& current3,
+      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator& current4,
+      const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator& current5)
+        : base_(base),
+          begin1_(g1.begin()), end1_(g1.end()), current1_(current1),
+          begin2_(g2.begin()), end2_(g2.end()), current2_(current2),
+          begin3_(g3.begin()), end3_(g3.end()), current3_(current3),
+          begin4_(g4.begin()), end4_(g4.end()), current4_(current4),
+          begin5_(g5.begin()), end5_(g5.end()), current5_(current5)    {
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+    virtual ~Iterator() {}
+
+    virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* BaseGenerator() const {
+      return base_;
+    }
+    // Advance should not be called on beyond-of-range iterators
+    // so no component iterators must be beyond end of range, either.
+    virtual void Advance() {
+      assert(!AtEnd());
+      ++current5_;
+      if (current5_ == end5_) {
+        current5_ = begin5_;
+        ++current4_;
+      }
+      if (current4_ == end4_) {
+        current4_ = begin4_;
+        ++current3_;
+      }
+      if (current3_ == end3_) {
+        current3_ = begin3_;
+        ++current2_;
+      }
+      if (current2_ == end2_) {
+        current2_ = begin2_;
+        ++current1_;
+      }
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+    virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
+      return new Iterator(*this);
+    }
+    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
+    virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
+      // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
+      // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
+      GTEST_CHECK_(BaseGenerator() == other.BaseGenerator())
+          << "The program attempted to compare iterators "
+          << "from different generators." << std::endl;
+      const Iterator* typed_other =
+          CheckedDowncastToActualType<const Iterator>(&other);
+      // We must report iterators equal if they both point beyond their
+      // respective ranges. That can happen in a variety of fashions,
+      // so we have to consult AtEnd().
+      return (AtEnd() && typed_other->AtEnd()) ||
+         (
+          current1_ == typed_other->current1_ &&
+          current2_ == typed_other->current2_ &&
+          current3_ == typed_other->current3_ &&
+          current4_ == typed_other->current4_ &&
+          current5_ == typed_other->current5_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    Iterator(const Iterator& other)
+        : base_(other.base_),
+        begin1_(other.begin1_),
+        end1_(other.end1_),
+        current1_(other.current1_),
+        begin2_(other.begin2_),
+        end2_(other.end2_),
+        current2_(other.current2_),
+        begin3_(other.begin3_),
+        end3_(other.end3_),
+        current3_(other.current3_),
+        begin4_(other.begin4_),
+        end4_(other.end4_),
+        current4_(other.current4_),
+        begin5_(other.begin5_),
+        end5_(other.end5_),
+        current5_(other.current5_) {
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+
+    void ComputeCurrentValue() {
+      if (!AtEnd())
+        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
+            *current4_, *current5_);
+    }
+    bool AtEnd() const {
+      // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
+      // component iterators has reached the end of its range.
+      return
+          current1_ == end1_ ||
+          current2_ == end2_ ||
+          current3_ == end3_ ||
+          current4_ == end4_ ||
+          current5_ == end5_;
+    }
+
+    // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+    void operator=(const Iterator& other);
+
+    const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* const base_;
+    // begin[i]_ and end[i]_ define the i-th range that Iterator traverses.
+    // current[i]_ is the actual traversing iterator.
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator begin1_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator end1_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator current1_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator begin2_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator end2_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator current2_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator begin3_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator end3_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator current3_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator begin4_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator end4_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator current4_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator begin5_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator end5_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator current5_;
+    ParamType current_value_;
+  };  // class CartesianProductGenerator5::Iterator
+
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const CartesianProductGenerator5& other);
+
+  const ParamGenerator<T1> g1_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T2> g2_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T3> g3_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T4> g4_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T5> g5_;
+};  // class CartesianProductGenerator5
+
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6>
+class CartesianProductGenerator6
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5,
+        T6> > {
+ public:
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> ParamType;
+
+  CartesianProductGenerator6(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
+      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
+      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4, const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
+      const ParamGenerator<T6>& g6)
+      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6) {}
+  virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator6() {}
+
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Begin() const {
+    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.begin(), g2_, g2_.begin(), g3_,
+        g3_.begin(), g4_, g4_.begin(), g5_, g5_.begin(), g6_, g6_.begin());
+  }
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* End() const {
+    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.end(), g2_, g2_.end(), g3_, g3_.end(),
+        g4_, g4_.end(), g5_, g5_.end(), g6_, g6_.end());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  class Iterator : public ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType> {
+   public:
+    Iterator(const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* base,
+      const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator& current1,
+      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator& current2,
+      const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator& current3,
+      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator& current4,
+      const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator& current5,
+      const ParamGenerator<T6>& g6,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator& current6)
+        : base_(base),
+          begin1_(g1.begin()), end1_(g1.end()), current1_(current1),
+          begin2_(g2.begin()), end2_(g2.end()), current2_(current2),
+          begin3_(g3.begin()), end3_(g3.end()), current3_(current3),
+          begin4_(g4.begin()), end4_(g4.end()), current4_(current4),
+          begin5_(g5.begin()), end5_(g5.end()), current5_(current5),
+          begin6_(g6.begin()), end6_(g6.end()), current6_(current6)    {
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+    virtual ~Iterator() {}
+
+    virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* BaseGenerator() const {
+      return base_;
+    }
+    // Advance should not be called on beyond-of-range iterators
+    // so no component iterators must be beyond end of range, either.
+    virtual void Advance() {
+      assert(!AtEnd());
+      ++current6_;
+      if (current6_ == end6_) {
+        current6_ = begin6_;
+        ++current5_;
+      }
+      if (current5_ == end5_) {
+        current5_ = begin5_;
+        ++current4_;
+      }
+      if (current4_ == end4_) {
+        current4_ = begin4_;
+        ++current3_;
+      }
+      if (current3_ == end3_) {
+        current3_ = begin3_;
+        ++current2_;
+      }
+      if (current2_ == end2_) {
+        current2_ = begin2_;
+        ++current1_;
+      }
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+    virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
+      return new Iterator(*this);
+    }
+    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
+    virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
+      // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
+      // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
+      GTEST_CHECK_(BaseGenerator() == other.BaseGenerator())
+          << "The program attempted to compare iterators "
+          << "from different generators." << std::endl;
+      const Iterator* typed_other =
+          CheckedDowncastToActualType<const Iterator>(&other);
+      // We must report iterators equal if they both point beyond their
+      // respective ranges. That can happen in a variety of fashions,
+      // so we have to consult AtEnd().
+      return (AtEnd() && typed_other->AtEnd()) ||
+         (
+          current1_ == typed_other->current1_ &&
+          current2_ == typed_other->current2_ &&
+          current3_ == typed_other->current3_ &&
+          current4_ == typed_other->current4_ &&
+          current5_ == typed_other->current5_ &&
+          current6_ == typed_other->current6_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    Iterator(const Iterator& other)
+        : base_(other.base_),
+        begin1_(other.begin1_),
+        end1_(other.end1_),
+        current1_(other.current1_),
+        begin2_(other.begin2_),
+        end2_(other.end2_),
+        current2_(other.current2_),
+        begin3_(other.begin3_),
+        end3_(other.end3_),
+        current3_(other.current3_),
+        begin4_(other.begin4_),
+        end4_(other.end4_),
+        current4_(other.current4_),
+        begin5_(other.begin5_),
+        end5_(other.end5_),
+        current5_(other.current5_),
+        begin6_(other.begin6_),
+        end6_(other.end6_),
+        current6_(other.current6_) {
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+
+    void ComputeCurrentValue() {
+      if (!AtEnd())
+        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
+            *current4_, *current5_, *current6_);
+    }
+    bool AtEnd() const {
+      // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
+      // component iterators has reached the end of its range.
+      return
+          current1_ == end1_ ||
+          current2_ == end2_ ||
+          current3_ == end3_ ||
+          current4_ == end4_ ||
+          current5_ == end5_ ||
+          current6_ == end6_;
+    }
+
+    // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+    void operator=(const Iterator& other);
+
+    const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* const base_;
+    // begin[i]_ and end[i]_ define the i-th range that Iterator traverses.
+    // current[i]_ is the actual traversing iterator.
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator begin1_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator end1_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator current1_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator begin2_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator end2_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator current2_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator begin3_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator end3_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator current3_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator begin4_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator end4_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator current4_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator begin5_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator end5_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator current5_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator begin6_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator end6_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator current6_;
+    ParamType current_value_;
+  };  // class CartesianProductGenerator6::Iterator
+
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const CartesianProductGenerator6& other);
+
+  const ParamGenerator<T1> g1_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T2> g2_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T3> g3_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T4> g4_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T5> g5_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T6> g6_;
+};  // class CartesianProductGenerator6
+
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7>
+class CartesianProductGenerator7
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
+        T7> > {
+ public:
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> ParamType;
+
+  CartesianProductGenerator7(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
+      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
+      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4, const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
+      const ParamGenerator<T6>& g6, const ParamGenerator<T7>& g7)
+      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7) {}
+  virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator7() {}
+
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Begin() const {
+    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.begin(), g2_, g2_.begin(), g3_,
+        g3_.begin(), g4_, g4_.begin(), g5_, g5_.begin(), g6_, g6_.begin(), g7_,
+        g7_.begin());
+  }
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* End() const {
+    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.end(), g2_, g2_.end(), g3_, g3_.end(),
+        g4_, g4_.end(), g5_, g5_.end(), g6_, g6_.end(), g7_, g7_.end());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  class Iterator : public ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType> {
+   public:
+    Iterator(const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* base,
+      const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator& current1,
+      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator& current2,
+      const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator& current3,
+      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator& current4,
+      const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator& current5,
+      const ParamGenerator<T6>& g6,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator& current6,
+      const ParamGenerator<T7>& g7,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator& current7)
+        : base_(base),
+          begin1_(g1.begin()), end1_(g1.end()), current1_(current1),
+          begin2_(g2.begin()), end2_(g2.end()), current2_(current2),
+          begin3_(g3.begin()), end3_(g3.end()), current3_(current3),
+          begin4_(g4.begin()), end4_(g4.end()), current4_(current4),
+          begin5_(g5.begin()), end5_(g5.end()), current5_(current5),
+          begin6_(g6.begin()), end6_(g6.end()), current6_(current6),
+          begin7_(g7.begin()), end7_(g7.end()), current7_(current7)    {
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+    virtual ~Iterator() {}
+
+    virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* BaseGenerator() const {
+      return base_;
+    }
+    // Advance should not be called on beyond-of-range iterators
+    // so no component iterators must be beyond end of range, either.
+    virtual void Advance() {
+      assert(!AtEnd());
+      ++current7_;
+      if (current7_ == end7_) {
+        current7_ = begin7_;
+        ++current6_;
+      }
+      if (current6_ == end6_) {
+        current6_ = begin6_;
+        ++current5_;
+      }
+      if (current5_ == end5_) {
+        current5_ = begin5_;
+        ++current4_;
+      }
+      if (current4_ == end4_) {
+        current4_ = begin4_;
+        ++current3_;
+      }
+      if (current3_ == end3_) {
+        current3_ = begin3_;
+        ++current2_;
+      }
+      if (current2_ == end2_) {
+        current2_ = begin2_;
+        ++current1_;
+      }
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+    virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
+      return new Iterator(*this);
+    }
+    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
+    virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
+      // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
+      // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
+      GTEST_CHECK_(BaseGenerator() == other.BaseGenerator())
+          << "The program attempted to compare iterators "
+          << "from different generators." << std::endl;
+      const Iterator* typed_other =
+          CheckedDowncastToActualType<const Iterator>(&other);
+      // We must report iterators equal if they both point beyond their
+      // respective ranges. That can happen in a variety of fashions,
+      // so we have to consult AtEnd().
+      return (AtEnd() && typed_other->AtEnd()) ||
+         (
+          current1_ == typed_other->current1_ &&
+          current2_ == typed_other->current2_ &&
+          current3_ == typed_other->current3_ &&
+          current4_ == typed_other->current4_ &&
+          current5_ == typed_other->current5_ &&
+          current6_ == typed_other->current6_ &&
+          current7_ == typed_other->current7_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    Iterator(const Iterator& other)
+        : base_(other.base_),
+        begin1_(other.begin1_),
+        end1_(other.end1_),
+        current1_(other.current1_),
+        begin2_(other.begin2_),
+        end2_(other.end2_),
+        current2_(other.current2_),
+        begin3_(other.begin3_),
+        end3_(other.end3_),
+        current3_(other.current3_),
+        begin4_(other.begin4_),
+        end4_(other.end4_),
+        current4_(other.current4_),
+        begin5_(other.begin5_),
+        end5_(other.end5_),
+        current5_(other.current5_),
+        begin6_(other.begin6_),
+        end6_(other.end6_),
+        current6_(other.current6_),
+        begin7_(other.begin7_),
+        end7_(other.end7_),
+        current7_(other.current7_) {
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+
+    void ComputeCurrentValue() {
+      if (!AtEnd())
+        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
+            *current4_, *current5_, *current6_, *current7_);
+    }
+    bool AtEnd() const {
+      // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
+      // component iterators has reached the end of its range.
+      return
+          current1_ == end1_ ||
+          current2_ == end2_ ||
+          current3_ == end3_ ||
+          current4_ == end4_ ||
+          current5_ == end5_ ||
+          current6_ == end6_ ||
+          current7_ == end7_;
+    }
+
+    // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+    void operator=(const Iterator& other);
+
+    const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* const base_;
+    // begin[i]_ and end[i]_ define the i-th range that Iterator traverses.
+    // current[i]_ is the actual traversing iterator.
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator begin1_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator end1_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator current1_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator begin2_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator end2_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator current2_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator begin3_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator end3_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator current3_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator begin4_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator end4_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator current4_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator begin5_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator end5_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator current5_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator begin6_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator end6_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator current6_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator begin7_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator end7_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator current7_;
+    ParamType current_value_;
+  };  // class CartesianProductGenerator7::Iterator
+
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const CartesianProductGenerator7& other);
+
+  const ParamGenerator<T1> g1_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T2> g2_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T3> g3_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T4> g4_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T5> g5_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T6> g6_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T7> g7_;
+};  // class CartesianProductGenerator7
+
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8>
+class CartesianProductGenerator8
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
+        T7, T8> > {
+ public:
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> ParamType;
+
+  CartesianProductGenerator8(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
+      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
+      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4, const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
+      const ParamGenerator<T6>& g6, const ParamGenerator<T7>& g7,
+      const ParamGenerator<T8>& g8)
+      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7),
+          g8_(g8) {}
+  virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator8() {}
+
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Begin() const {
+    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.begin(), g2_, g2_.begin(), g3_,
+        g3_.begin(), g4_, g4_.begin(), g5_, g5_.begin(), g6_, g6_.begin(), g7_,
+        g7_.begin(), g8_, g8_.begin());
+  }
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* End() const {
+    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.end(), g2_, g2_.end(), g3_, g3_.end(),
+        g4_, g4_.end(), g5_, g5_.end(), g6_, g6_.end(), g7_, g7_.end(), g8_,
+        g8_.end());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  class Iterator : public ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType> {
+   public:
+    Iterator(const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* base,
+      const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator& current1,
+      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator& current2,
+      const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator& current3,
+      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator& current4,
+      const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator& current5,
+      const ParamGenerator<T6>& g6,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator& current6,
+      const ParamGenerator<T7>& g7,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator& current7,
+      const ParamGenerator<T8>& g8,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator& current8)
+        : base_(base),
+          begin1_(g1.begin()), end1_(g1.end()), current1_(current1),
+          begin2_(g2.begin()), end2_(g2.end()), current2_(current2),
+          begin3_(g3.begin()), end3_(g3.end()), current3_(current3),
+          begin4_(g4.begin()), end4_(g4.end()), current4_(current4),
+          begin5_(g5.begin()), end5_(g5.end()), current5_(current5),
+          begin6_(g6.begin()), end6_(g6.end()), current6_(current6),
+          begin7_(g7.begin()), end7_(g7.end()), current7_(current7),
+          begin8_(g8.begin()), end8_(g8.end()), current8_(current8)    {
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+    virtual ~Iterator() {}
+
+    virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* BaseGenerator() const {
+      return base_;
+    }
+    // Advance should not be called on beyond-of-range iterators
+    // so no component iterators must be beyond end of range, either.
+    virtual void Advance() {
+      assert(!AtEnd());
+      ++current8_;
+      if (current8_ == end8_) {
+        current8_ = begin8_;
+        ++current7_;
+      }
+      if (current7_ == end7_) {
+        current7_ = begin7_;
+        ++current6_;
+      }
+      if (current6_ == end6_) {
+        current6_ = begin6_;
+        ++current5_;
+      }
+      if (current5_ == end5_) {
+        current5_ = begin5_;
+        ++current4_;
+      }
+      if (current4_ == end4_) {
+        current4_ = begin4_;
+        ++current3_;
+      }
+      if (current3_ == end3_) {
+        current3_ = begin3_;
+        ++current2_;
+      }
+      if (current2_ == end2_) {
+        current2_ = begin2_;
+        ++current1_;
+      }
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+    virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
+      return new Iterator(*this);
+    }
+    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
+    virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
+      // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
+      // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
+      GTEST_CHECK_(BaseGenerator() == other.BaseGenerator())
+          << "The program attempted to compare iterators "
+          << "from different generators." << std::endl;
+      const Iterator* typed_other =
+          CheckedDowncastToActualType<const Iterator>(&other);
+      // We must report iterators equal if they both point beyond their
+      // respective ranges. That can happen in a variety of fashions,
+      // so we have to consult AtEnd().
+      return (AtEnd() && typed_other->AtEnd()) ||
+         (
+          current1_ == typed_other->current1_ &&
+          current2_ == typed_other->current2_ &&
+          current3_ == typed_other->current3_ &&
+          current4_ == typed_other->current4_ &&
+          current5_ == typed_other->current5_ &&
+          current6_ == typed_other->current6_ &&
+          current7_ == typed_other->current7_ &&
+          current8_ == typed_other->current8_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    Iterator(const Iterator& other)
+        : base_(other.base_),
+        begin1_(other.begin1_),
+        end1_(other.end1_),
+        current1_(other.current1_),
+        begin2_(other.begin2_),
+        end2_(other.end2_),
+        current2_(other.current2_),
+        begin3_(other.begin3_),
+        end3_(other.end3_),
+        current3_(other.current3_),
+        begin4_(other.begin4_),
+        end4_(other.end4_),
+        current4_(other.current4_),
+        begin5_(other.begin5_),
+        end5_(other.end5_),
+        current5_(other.current5_),
+        begin6_(other.begin6_),
+        end6_(other.end6_),
+        current6_(other.current6_),
+        begin7_(other.begin7_),
+        end7_(other.end7_),
+        current7_(other.current7_),
+        begin8_(other.begin8_),
+        end8_(other.end8_),
+        current8_(other.current8_) {
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+
+    void ComputeCurrentValue() {
+      if (!AtEnd())
+        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
+            *current4_, *current5_, *current6_, *current7_, *current8_);
+    }
+    bool AtEnd() const {
+      // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
+      // component iterators has reached the end of its range.
+      return
+          current1_ == end1_ ||
+          current2_ == end2_ ||
+          current3_ == end3_ ||
+          current4_ == end4_ ||
+          current5_ == end5_ ||
+          current6_ == end6_ ||
+          current7_ == end7_ ||
+          current8_ == end8_;
+    }
+
+    // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+    void operator=(const Iterator& other);
+
+    const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* const base_;
+    // begin[i]_ and end[i]_ define the i-th range that Iterator traverses.
+    // current[i]_ is the actual traversing iterator.
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator begin1_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator end1_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator current1_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator begin2_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator end2_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator current2_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator begin3_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator end3_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator current3_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator begin4_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator end4_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator current4_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator begin5_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator end5_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator current5_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator begin6_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator end6_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator current6_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator begin7_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator end7_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator current7_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator begin8_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator end8_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator current8_;
+    ParamType current_value_;
+  };  // class CartesianProductGenerator8::Iterator
+
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const CartesianProductGenerator8& other);
+
+  const ParamGenerator<T1> g1_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T2> g2_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T3> g3_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T4> g4_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T5> g5_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T6> g6_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T7> g7_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T8> g8_;
+};  // class CartesianProductGenerator8
+
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9>
+class CartesianProductGenerator9
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
+        T7, T8, T9> > {
+ public:
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9> ParamType;
+
+  CartesianProductGenerator9(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
+      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
+      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4, const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
+      const ParamGenerator<T6>& g6, const ParamGenerator<T7>& g7,
+      const ParamGenerator<T8>& g8, const ParamGenerator<T9>& g9)
+      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7), g8_(g8),
+          g9_(g9) {}
+  virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator9() {}
+
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Begin() const {
+    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.begin(), g2_, g2_.begin(), g3_,
+        g3_.begin(), g4_, g4_.begin(), g5_, g5_.begin(), g6_, g6_.begin(), g7_,
+        g7_.begin(), g8_, g8_.begin(), g9_, g9_.begin());
+  }
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* End() const {
+    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.end(), g2_, g2_.end(), g3_, g3_.end(),
+        g4_, g4_.end(), g5_, g5_.end(), g6_, g6_.end(), g7_, g7_.end(), g8_,
+        g8_.end(), g9_, g9_.end());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  class Iterator : public ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType> {
+   public:
+    Iterator(const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* base,
+      const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator& current1,
+      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator& current2,
+      const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator& current3,
+      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator& current4,
+      const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator& current5,
+      const ParamGenerator<T6>& g6,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator& current6,
+      const ParamGenerator<T7>& g7,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator& current7,
+      const ParamGenerator<T8>& g8,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator& current8,
+      const ParamGenerator<T9>& g9,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T9>::iterator& current9)
+        : base_(base),
+          begin1_(g1.begin()), end1_(g1.end()), current1_(current1),
+          begin2_(g2.begin()), end2_(g2.end()), current2_(current2),
+          begin3_(g3.begin()), end3_(g3.end()), current3_(current3),
+          begin4_(g4.begin()), end4_(g4.end()), current4_(current4),
+          begin5_(g5.begin()), end5_(g5.end()), current5_(current5),
+          begin6_(g6.begin()), end6_(g6.end()), current6_(current6),
+          begin7_(g7.begin()), end7_(g7.end()), current7_(current7),
+          begin8_(g8.begin()), end8_(g8.end()), current8_(current8),
+          begin9_(g9.begin()), end9_(g9.end()), current9_(current9)    {
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+    virtual ~Iterator() {}
+
+    virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* BaseGenerator() const {
+      return base_;
+    }
+    // Advance should not be called on beyond-of-range iterators
+    // so no component iterators must be beyond end of range, either.
+    virtual void Advance() {
+      assert(!AtEnd());
+      ++current9_;
+      if (current9_ == end9_) {
+        current9_ = begin9_;
+        ++current8_;
+      }
+      if (current8_ == end8_) {
+        current8_ = begin8_;
+        ++current7_;
+      }
+      if (current7_ == end7_) {
+        current7_ = begin7_;
+        ++current6_;
+      }
+      if (current6_ == end6_) {
+        current6_ = begin6_;
+        ++current5_;
+      }
+      if (current5_ == end5_) {
+        current5_ = begin5_;
+        ++current4_;
+      }
+      if (current4_ == end4_) {
+        current4_ = begin4_;
+        ++current3_;
+      }
+      if (current3_ == end3_) {
+        current3_ = begin3_;
+        ++current2_;
+      }
+      if (current2_ == end2_) {
+        current2_ = begin2_;
+        ++current1_;
+      }
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+    virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
+      return new Iterator(*this);
+    }
+    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
+    virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
+      // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
+      // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
+      GTEST_CHECK_(BaseGenerator() == other.BaseGenerator())
+          << "The program attempted to compare iterators "
+          << "from different generators." << std::endl;
+      const Iterator* typed_other =
+          CheckedDowncastToActualType<const Iterator>(&other);
+      // We must report iterators equal if they both point beyond their
+      // respective ranges. That can happen in a variety of fashions,
+      // so we have to consult AtEnd().
+      return (AtEnd() && typed_other->AtEnd()) ||
+         (
+          current1_ == typed_other->current1_ &&
+          current2_ == typed_other->current2_ &&
+          current3_ == typed_other->current3_ &&
+          current4_ == typed_other->current4_ &&
+          current5_ == typed_other->current5_ &&
+          current6_ == typed_other->current6_ &&
+          current7_ == typed_other->current7_ &&
+          current8_ == typed_other->current8_ &&
+          current9_ == typed_other->current9_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    Iterator(const Iterator& other)
+        : base_(other.base_),
+        begin1_(other.begin1_),
+        end1_(other.end1_),
+        current1_(other.current1_),
+        begin2_(other.begin2_),
+        end2_(other.end2_),
+        current2_(other.current2_),
+        begin3_(other.begin3_),
+        end3_(other.end3_),
+        current3_(other.current3_),
+        begin4_(other.begin4_),
+        end4_(other.end4_),
+        current4_(other.current4_),
+        begin5_(other.begin5_),
+        end5_(other.end5_),
+        current5_(other.current5_),
+        begin6_(other.begin6_),
+        end6_(other.end6_),
+        current6_(other.current6_),
+        begin7_(other.begin7_),
+        end7_(other.end7_),
+        current7_(other.current7_),
+        begin8_(other.begin8_),
+        end8_(other.end8_),
+        current8_(other.current8_),
+        begin9_(other.begin9_),
+        end9_(other.end9_),
+        current9_(other.current9_) {
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+
+    void ComputeCurrentValue() {
+      if (!AtEnd())
+        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
+            *current4_, *current5_, *current6_, *current7_, *current8_,
+            *current9_);
+    }
+    bool AtEnd() const {
+      // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
+      // component iterators has reached the end of its range.
+      return
+          current1_ == end1_ ||
+          current2_ == end2_ ||
+          current3_ == end3_ ||
+          current4_ == end4_ ||
+          current5_ == end5_ ||
+          current6_ == end6_ ||
+          current7_ == end7_ ||
+          current8_ == end8_ ||
+          current9_ == end9_;
+    }
+
+    // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+    void operator=(const Iterator& other);
+
+    const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* const base_;
+    // begin[i]_ and end[i]_ define the i-th range that Iterator traverses.
+    // current[i]_ is the actual traversing iterator.
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator begin1_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator end1_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator current1_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator begin2_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator end2_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator current2_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator begin3_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator end3_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator current3_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator begin4_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator end4_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator current4_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator begin5_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator end5_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator current5_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator begin6_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator end6_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator current6_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator begin7_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator end7_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator current7_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator begin8_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator end8_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator current8_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T9>::iterator begin9_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T9>::iterator end9_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T9>::iterator current9_;
+    ParamType current_value_;
+  };  // class CartesianProductGenerator9::Iterator
+
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const CartesianProductGenerator9& other);
+
+  const ParamGenerator<T1> g1_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T2> g2_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T3> g3_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T4> g4_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T5> g5_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T6> g6_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T7> g7_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T8> g8_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T9> g9_;
+};  // class CartesianProductGenerator9
+
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10>
+class CartesianProductGenerator10
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
+        T7, T8, T9, T10> > {
+ public:
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10> ParamType;
+
+  CartesianProductGenerator10(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
+      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
+      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4, const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
+      const ParamGenerator<T6>& g6, const ParamGenerator<T7>& g7,
+      const ParamGenerator<T8>& g8, const ParamGenerator<T9>& g9,
+      const ParamGenerator<T10>& g10)
+      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7), g8_(g8),
+          g9_(g9), g10_(g10) {}
+  virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator10() {}
+
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Begin() const {
+    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.begin(), g2_, g2_.begin(), g3_,
+        g3_.begin(), g4_, g4_.begin(), g5_, g5_.begin(), g6_, g6_.begin(), g7_,
+        g7_.begin(), g8_, g8_.begin(), g9_, g9_.begin(), g10_, g10_.begin());
+  }
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* End() const {
+    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.end(), g2_, g2_.end(), g3_, g3_.end(),
+        g4_, g4_.end(), g5_, g5_.end(), g6_, g6_.end(), g7_, g7_.end(), g8_,
+        g8_.end(), g9_, g9_.end(), g10_, g10_.end());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  class Iterator : public ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType> {
+   public:
+    Iterator(const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* base,
+      const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator& current1,
+      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator& current2,
+      const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator& current3,
+      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator& current4,
+      const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator& current5,
+      const ParamGenerator<T6>& g6,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator& current6,
+      const ParamGenerator<T7>& g7,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator& current7,
+      const ParamGenerator<T8>& g8,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator& current8,
+      const ParamGenerator<T9>& g9,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T9>::iterator& current9,
+      const ParamGenerator<T10>& g10,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T10>::iterator& current10)
+        : base_(base),
+          begin1_(g1.begin()), end1_(g1.end()), current1_(current1),
+          begin2_(g2.begin()), end2_(g2.end()), current2_(current2),
+          begin3_(g3.begin()), end3_(g3.end()), current3_(current3),
+          begin4_(g4.begin()), end4_(g4.end()), current4_(current4),
+          begin5_(g5.begin()), end5_(g5.end()), current5_(current5),
+          begin6_(g6.begin()), end6_(g6.end()), current6_(current6),
+          begin7_(g7.begin()), end7_(g7.end()), current7_(current7),
+          begin8_(g8.begin()), end8_(g8.end()), current8_(current8),
+          begin9_(g9.begin()), end9_(g9.end()), current9_(current9),
+          begin10_(g10.begin()), end10_(g10.end()), current10_(current10)    {
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+    virtual ~Iterator() {}
+
+    virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* BaseGenerator() const {
+      return base_;
+    }
+    // Advance should not be called on beyond-of-range iterators
+    // so no component iterators must be beyond end of range, either.
+    virtual void Advance() {
+      assert(!AtEnd());
+      ++current10_;
+      if (current10_ == end10_) {
+        current10_ = begin10_;
+        ++current9_;
+      }
+      if (current9_ == end9_) {
+        current9_ = begin9_;
+        ++current8_;
+      }
+      if (current8_ == end8_) {
+        current8_ = begin8_;
+        ++current7_;
+      }
+      if (current7_ == end7_) {
+        current7_ = begin7_;
+        ++current6_;
+      }
+      if (current6_ == end6_) {
+        current6_ = begin6_;
+        ++current5_;
+      }
+      if (current5_ == end5_) {
+        current5_ = begin5_;
+        ++current4_;
+      }
+      if (current4_ == end4_) {
+        current4_ = begin4_;
+        ++current3_;
+      }
+      if (current3_ == end3_) {
+        current3_ = begin3_;
+        ++current2_;
+      }
+      if (current2_ == end2_) {
+        current2_ = begin2_;
+        ++current1_;
+      }
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+    virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
+      return new Iterator(*this);
+    }
+    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
+    virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
+      // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
+      // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
+      GTEST_CHECK_(BaseGenerator() == other.BaseGenerator())
+          << "The program attempted to compare iterators "
+          << "from different generators." << std::endl;
+      const Iterator* typed_other =
+          CheckedDowncastToActualType<const Iterator>(&other);
+      // We must report iterators equal if they both point beyond their
+      // respective ranges. That can happen in a variety of fashions,
+      // so we have to consult AtEnd().
+      return (AtEnd() && typed_other->AtEnd()) ||
+         (
+          current1_ == typed_other->current1_ &&
+          current2_ == typed_other->current2_ &&
+          current3_ == typed_other->current3_ &&
+          current4_ == typed_other->current4_ &&
+          current5_ == typed_other->current5_ &&
+          current6_ == typed_other->current6_ &&
+          current7_ == typed_other->current7_ &&
+          current8_ == typed_other->current8_ &&
+          current9_ == typed_other->current9_ &&
+          current10_ == typed_other->current10_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    Iterator(const Iterator& other)
+        : base_(other.base_),
+        begin1_(other.begin1_),
+        end1_(other.end1_),
+        current1_(other.current1_),
+        begin2_(other.begin2_),
+        end2_(other.end2_),
+        current2_(other.current2_),
+        begin3_(other.begin3_),
+        end3_(other.end3_),
+        current3_(other.current3_),
+        begin4_(other.begin4_),
+        end4_(other.end4_),
+        current4_(other.current4_),
+        begin5_(other.begin5_),
+        end5_(other.end5_),
+        current5_(other.current5_),
+        begin6_(other.begin6_),
+        end6_(other.end6_),
+        current6_(other.current6_),
+        begin7_(other.begin7_),
+        end7_(other.end7_),
+        current7_(other.current7_),
+        begin8_(other.begin8_),
+        end8_(other.end8_),
+        current8_(other.current8_),
+        begin9_(other.begin9_),
+        end9_(other.end9_),
+        current9_(other.current9_),
+        begin10_(other.begin10_),
+        end10_(other.end10_),
+        current10_(other.current10_) {
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+
+    void ComputeCurrentValue() {
+      if (!AtEnd())
+        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
+            *current4_, *current5_, *current6_, *current7_, *current8_,
+            *current9_, *current10_);
+    }
+    bool AtEnd() const {
+      // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
+      // component iterators has reached the end of its range.
+      return
+          current1_ == end1_ ||
+          current2_ == end2_ ||
+          current3_ == end3_ ||
+          current4_ == end4_ ||
+          current5_ == end5_ ||
+          current6_ == end6_ ||
+          current7_ == end7_ ||
+          current8_ == end8_ ||
+          current9_ == end9_ ||
+          current10_ == end10_;
+    }
+
+    // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+    void operator=(const Iterator& other);
+
+    const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* const base_;
+    // begin[i]_ and end[i]_ define the i-th range that Iterator traverses.
+    // current[i]_ is the actual traversing iterator.
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator begin1_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator end1_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator current1_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator begin2_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator end2_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator current2_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator begin3_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator end3_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator current3_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator begin4_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator end4_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator current4_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator begin5_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator end5_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator current5_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator begin6_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator end6_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator current6_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator begin7_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator end7_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator current7_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator begin8_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator end8_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator current8_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T9>::iterator begin9_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T9>::iterator end9_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T9>::iterator current9_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T10>::iterator begin10_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T10>::iterator end10_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T10>::iterator current10_;
+    ParamType current_value_;
+  };  // class CartesianProductGenerator10::Iterator
+
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const CartesianProductGenerator10& other);
+
+  const ParamGenerator<T1> g1_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T2> g2_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T3> g3_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T4> g4_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T5> g5_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T6> g6_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T7> g7_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T8> g8_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T9> g9_;
+  const ParamGenerator<T10> g10_;
+};  // class CartesianProductGenerator10
+
+
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
+//
+// Helper classes providing Combine() with polymorphic features. They allow
+// casting CartesianProductGeneratorN<T> to ParamGenerator<U> if T is
+// convertible to U.
+//
+template <class Generator1, class Generator2>
+class CartesianProductHolder2 {
+ public:
+CartesianProductHolder2(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2)
+      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2) {}
+  template <typename T1, typename T2>
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2> >(
+        new CartesianProductGenerator2<T1, T2>(
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_)));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const CartesianProductHolder2& other);
+
+  const Generator1 g1_;
+  const Generator2 g2_;
+};  // class CartesianProductHolder2
+
+template <class Generator1, class Generator2, class Generator3>
+class CartesianProductHolder3 {
+ public:
+CartesianProductHolder3(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
+    const Generator3& g3)
+      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3) {}
+  template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3> >(
+        new CartesianProductGenerator3<T1, T2, T3>(
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T3> >(g3_)));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const CartesianProductHolder3& other);
+
+  const Generator1 g1_;
+  const Generator2 g2_;
+  const Generator3 g3_;
+};  // class CartesianProductHolder3
+
+template <class Generator1, class Generator2, class Generator3,
+    class Generator4>
+class CartesianProductHolder4 {
+ public:
+CartesianProductHolder4(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
+    const Generator3& g3, const Generator4& g4)
+      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4) {}
+  template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> >(
+        new CartesianProductGenerator4<T1, T2, T3, T4>(
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T3> >(g3_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T4> >(g4_)));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const CartesianProductHolder4& other);
+
+  const Generator1 g1_;
+  const Generator2 g2_;
+  const Generator3 g3_;
+  const Generator4 g4_;
+};  // class CartesianProductHolder4
+
+template <class Generator1, class Generator2, class Generator3,
+    class Generator4, class Generator5>
+class CartesianProductHolder5 {
+ public:
+CartesianProductHolder5(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
+    const Generator3& g3, const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5)
+      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5) {}
+  template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> >(
+        new CartesianProductGenerator5<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>(
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T3> >(g3_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T4> >(g4_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T5> >(g5_)));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const CartesianProductHolder5& other);
+
+  const Generator1 g1_;
+  const Generator2 g2_;
+  const Generator3 g3_;
+  const Generator4 g4_;
+  const Generator5 g5_;
+};  // class CartesianProductHolder5
+
+template <class Generator1, class Generator2, class Generator3,
+    class Generator4, class Generator5, class Generator6>
+class CartesianProductHolder6 {
+ public:
+CartesianProductHolder6(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
+    const Generator3& g3, const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5,
+    const Generator6& g6)
+      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6) {}
+  template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+      typename T6>
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> >(
+        new CartesianProductGenerator6<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6>(
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T3> >(g3_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T4> >(g4_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T5> >(g5_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T6> >(g6_)));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const CartesianProductHolder6& other);
+
+  const Generator1 g1_;
+  const Generator2 g2_;
+  const Generator3 g3_;
+  const Generator4 g4_;
+  const Generator5 g5_;
+  const Generator6 g6_;
+};  // class CartesianProductHolder6
+
+template <class Generator1, class Generator2, class Generator3,
+    class Generator4, class Generator5, class Generator6, class Generator7>
+class CartesianProductHolder7 {
+ public:
+CartesianProductHolder7(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
+    const Generator3& g3, const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5,
+    const Generator6& g6, const Generator7& g7)
+      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7) {}
+  template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+      typename T6, typename T7>
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
+      T7> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> >(
+        new CartesianProductGenerator7<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7>(
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T3> >(g3_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T4> >(g4_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T5> >(g5_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T6> >(g6_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T7> >(g7_)));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const CartesianProductHolder7& other);
+
+  const Generator1 g1_;
+  const Generator2 g2_;
+  const Generator3 g3_;
+  const Generator4 g4_;
+  const Generator5 g5_;
+  const Generator6 g6_;
+  const Generator7 g7_;
+};  // class CartesianProductHolder7
+
+template <class Generator1, class Generator2, class Generator3,
+    class Generator4, class Generator5, class Generator6, class Generator7,
+    class Generator8>
+class CartesianProductHolder8 {
+ public:
+CartesianProductHolder8(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
+    const Generator3& g3, const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5,
+    const Generator6& g6, const Generator7& g7, const Generator8& g8)
+      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7),
+          g8_(g8) {}
+  template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+      typename T6, typename T7, typename T8>
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7,
+      T8> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> >(
+        new CartesianProductGenerator8<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8>(
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T3> >(g3_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T4> >(g4_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T5> >(g5_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T6> >(g6_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T7> >(g7_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T8> >(g8_)));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const CartesianProductHolder8& other);
+
+  const Generator1 g1_;
+  const Generator2 g2_;
+  const Generator3 g3_;
+  const Generator4 g4_;
+  const Generator5 g5_;
+  const Generator6 g6_;
+  const Generator7 g7_;
+  const Generator8 g8_;
+};  // class CartesianProductHolder8
+
+template <class Generator1, class Generator2, class Generator3,
+    class Generator4, class Generator5, class Generator6, class Generator7,
+    class Generator8, class Generator9>
+class CartesianProductHolder9 {
+ public:
+CartesianProductHolder9(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
+    const Generator3& g3, const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5,
+    const Generator6& g6, const Generator7& g7, const Generator8& g8,
+    const Generator9& g9)
+      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7), g8_(g8),
+          g9_(g9) {}
+  template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+      typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9>
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8,
+      T9> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8,
+        T9> >(
+        new CartesianProductGenerator9<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9>(
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T3> >(g3_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T4> >(g4_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T5> >(g5_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T6> >(g6_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T7> >(g7_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T8> >(g8_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T9> >(g9_)));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const CartesianProductHolder9& other);
+
+  const Generator1 g1_;
+  const Generator2 g2_;
+  const Generator3 g3_;
+  const Generator4 g4_;
+  const Generator5 g5_;
+  const Generator6 g6_;
+  const Generator7 g7_;
+  const Generator8 g8_;
+  const Generator9 g9_;
+};  // class CartesianProductHolder9
+
+template <class Generator1, class Generator2, class Generator3,
+    class Generator4, class Generator5, class Generator6, class Generator7,
+    class Generator8, class Generator9, class Generator10>
+class CartesianProductHolder10 {
+ public:
+CartesianProductHolder10(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
+    const Generator3& g3, const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5,
+    const Generator6& g6, const Generator7& g7, const Generator8& g8,
+    const Generator9& g9, const Generator10& g10)
+      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7), g8_(g8),
+          g9_(g9), g10_(g10) {}
+  template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+      typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10>
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9,
+      T10> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9,
+        T10> >(
+        new CartesianProductGenerator10<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9,
+            T10>(
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T3> >(g3_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T4> >(g4_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T5> >(g5_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T6> >(g6_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T7> >(g7_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T8> >(g8_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T9> >(g9_),
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T10> >(g10_)));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const CartesianProductHolder10& other);
+
+  const Generator1 g1_;
+  const Generator2 g2_;
+  const Generator3 g3_;
+  const Generator4 g4_;
+  const Generator5 g5_;
+  const Generator6 g6_;
+  const Generator7 g7_;
+  const Generator8 g8_;
+  const Generator9 g9_;
+  const Generator10 g10_;
+};  // class CartesianProductHolder10
+
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace testing
+
+#endif  //  GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_GENERATED_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h.pump b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h.pump
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5c7c47af0bb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h.pump
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+$$ -*- mode: c++; -*-
+$var n = 50  $$ Maximum length of Values arguments we want to support.
+$var maxtuple = 10  $$ Maximum number of Combine arguments we want to support.
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+// All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
+
+// Type and function utilities for implementing parameterized tests.
+// This file is generated by a SCRIPT.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
+//
+// Currently Google Test supports at most $n arguments in Values,
+// and at most $maxtuple arguments in Combine. Please contact
+// googletestframework@googlegroups.com if you need more.
+// Please note that the number of arguments to Combine is limited
+// by the maximum arity of the implementation of tuple which is
+// currently set at $maxtuple.
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_GENERATED_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_GENERATED_H_
+
+// scripts/fuse_gtest.py depends on gtest's own header being #included
+// *unconditionally*.  Therefore these #includes cannot be moved
+// inside #if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST.
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+namespace testing {
+
+// Forward declarations of ValuesIn(), which is implemented in
+// include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.
+template <typename ForwardIterator>
+internal::ParamGenerator<
+  typename ::testing::internal::IteratorTraits<ForwardIterator>::value_type>
+ValuesIn(ForwardIterator begin, ForwardIterator end);
+
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+internal::ParamGenerator<T> ValuesIn(const T (&array)[N]);
+
+template <class Container>
+internal::ParamGenerator<typename Container::value_type> ValuesIn(
+    const Container& container);
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// Used in the Values() function to provide polymorphic capabilities.
+$range i 1..n
+$for i [[
+$range j 1..i
+
+template <$for j, [[typename T$j]]>
+class ValueArray$i {
+ public:
+  $if i==1 [[explicit ]]ValueArray$i($for j, [[T$j v$j]]) : $for j, [[v$(j)_(v$j)]] {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {$for j, [[static_cast<T>(v$(j)_)]]};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValueArray$i& other);
+
+$for j [[
+
+  const T$j v$(j)_;
+]]
+
+};
+
+]]
+
+# if GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
+//
+// Generates values from the Cartesian product of values produced
+// by the argument generators.
+//
+$range i 2..maxtuple
+$for i [[
+$range j 1..i
+$range k 2..i
+
+template <$for j, [[typename T$j]]>
+class CartesianProductGenerator$i
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> > {
+ public:
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> ParamType;
+
+  CartesianProductGenerator$i($for j, [[const ParamGenerator<T$j>& g$j]])
+      : $for j, [[g$(j)_(g$j)]] {}
+  virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator$i() {}
+
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Begin() const {
+    return new Iterator(this, $for j, [[g$(j)_, g$(j)_.begin()]]);
+  }
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* End() const {
+    return new Iterator(this, $for j, [[g$(j)_, g$(j)_.end()]]);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  class Iterator : public ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType> {
+   public:
+    Iterator(const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* base, $for j, [[
+
+      const ParamGenerator<T$j>& g$j,
+      const typename ParamGenerator<T$j>::iterator& current$(j)]])
+        : base_(base),
+$for j, [[
+
+          begin$(j)_(g$j.begin()), end$(j)_(g$j.end()), current$(j)_(current$j)
+]]    {
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+    virtual ~Iterator() {}
+
+    virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* BaseGenerator() const {
+      return base_;
+    }
+    // Advance should not be called on beyond-of-range iterators
+    // so no component iterators must be beyond end of range, either.
+    virtual void Advance() {
+      assert(!AtEnd());
+      ++current$(i)_;
+
+$for k [[
+      if (current$(i+2-k)_ == end$(i+2-k)_) {
+        current$(i+2-k)_ = begin$(i+2-k)_;
+        ++current$(i+2-k-1)_;
+      }
+
+]]
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+    virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
+      return new Iterator(*this);
+    }
+    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
+    virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
+      // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
+      // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
+      GTEST_CHECK_(BaseGenerator() == other.BaseGenerator())
+          << "The program attempted to compare iterators "
+          << "from different generators." << std::endl;
+      const Iterator* typed_other =
+          CheckedDowncastToActualType<const Iterator>(&other);
+      // We must report iterators equal if they both point beyond their
+      // respective ranges. That can happen in a variety of fashions,
+      // so we have to consult AtEnd().
+      return (AtEnd() && typed_other->AtEnd()) ||
+         ($for j  && [[
+
+          current$(j)_ == typed_other->current$(j)_
+]]);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    Iterator(const Iterator& other)
+        : base_(other.base_), $for j, [[
+
+        begin$(j)_(other.begin$(j)_),
+        end$(j)_(other.end$(j)_),
+        current$(j)_(other.current$(j)_)
+]] {
+      ComputeCurrentValue();
+    }
+
+    void ComputeCurrentValue() {
+      if (!AtEnd())
+        current_value_ = ParamType($for j, [[*current$(j)_]]);
+    }
+    bool AtEnd() const {
+      // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
+      // component iterators has reached the end of its range.
+      return
+$for j  || [[
+
+          current$(j)_ == end$(j)_
+]];
+    }
+
+    // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+    void operator=(const Iterator& other);
+
+    const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* const base_;
+    // begin[i]_ and end[i]_ define the i-th range that Iterator traverses.
+    // current[i]_ is the actual traversing iterator.
+$for j [[
+
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T$j>::iterator begin$(j)_;
+    const typename ParamGenerator<T$j>::iterator end$(j)_;
+    typename ParamGenerator<T$j>::iterator current$(j)_;
+]]
+
+    ParamType current_value_;
+  };  // class CartesianProductGenerator$i::Iterator
+
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const CartesianProductGenerator$i& other);
+
+
+$for j [[
+  const ParamGenerator<T$j> g$(j)_;
+
+]]
+};  // class CartesianProductGenerator$i
+
+
+]]
+
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
+//
+// Helper classes providing Combine() with polymorphic features. They allow
+// casting CartesianProductGeneratorN<T> to ParamGenerator<U> if T is
+// convertible to U.
+//
+$range i 2..maxtuple
+$for i [[
+$range j 1..i
+
+template <$for j, [[class Generator$j]]>
+class CartesianProductHolder$i {
+ public:
+CartesianProductHolder$i($for j, [[const Generator$j& g$j]])
+      : $for j, [[g$(j)_(g$j)]] {}
+  template <$for j, [[typename T$j]]>
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> >(
+        new CartesianProductGenerator$i<$for j, [[T$j]]>(
+$for j,[[
+
+        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T$j> >(g$(j)_)
+]]));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const CartesianProductHolder$i& other);
+
+
+$for j [[
+  const Generator$j g$(j)_;
+
+]]
+};  // class CartesianProductHolder$i
+
+]]
+
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace testing
+
+#endif  //  GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_GENERATED_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..82cab9b0201b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,731 @@
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+// All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
+
+// Type and function utilities for implementing parameterized tests.
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_H_
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+#include <iterator>
+#include <set>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+// scripts/fuse_gtest.py depends on gtest's own header being #included
+// *unconditionally*.  Therefore these #includes cannot be moved
+// inside #if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST.
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-linked_ptr.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest-printers.h"
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+namespace testing {
+
+// Input to a parameterized test name generator, describing a test parameter.
+// Consists of the parameter value and the integer parameter index.
+template <class ParamType>
+struct TestParamInfo {
+  TestParamInfo(const ParamType& a_param, size_t an_index) :
+    param(a_param),
+    index(an_index) {}
+  ParamType param;
+  size_t index;
+};
+
+// A builtin parameterized test name generator which returns the result of
+// testing::PrintToString.
+struct PrintToStringParamName {
+  template <class ParamType>
+  std::string operator()(const TestParamInfo<ParamType>& info) const {
+    return PrintToString(info.param);
+  }
+};
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
+//
+// Outputs a message explaining invalid registration of different
+// fixture class for the same test case. This may happen when
+// TEST_P macro is used to define two tests with the same name
+// but in different namespaces.
+GTEST_API_ void ReportInvalidTestCaseType(const char* test_case_name,
+                                          CodeLocation code_location);
+
+template <typename> class ParamGeneratorInterface;
+template <typename> class ParamGenerator;
+
+// Interface for iterating over elements provided by an implementation
+// of ParamGeneratorInterface<T>.
+template <typename T>
+class ParamIteratorInterface {
+ public:
+  virtual ~ParamIteratorInterface() {}
+  // A pointer to the base generator instance.
+  // Used only for the purposes of iterator comparison
+  // to make sure that two iterators belong to the same generator.
+  virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<T>* BaseGenerator() const = 0;
+  // Advances iterator to point to the next element
+  // provided by the generator. The caller is responsible
+  // for not calling Advance() on an iterator equal to
+  // BaseGenerator()->End().
+  virtual void Advance() = 0;
+  // Clones the iterator object. Used for implementing copy semantics
+  // of ParamIterator<T>.
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface* Clone() const = 0;
+  // Dereferences the current iterator and provides (read-only) access
+  // to the pointed value. It is the caller's responsibility not to call
+  // Current() on an iterator equal to BaseGenerator()->End().
+  // Used for implementing ParamGenerator<T>::operator*().
+  virtual const T* Current() const = 0;
+  // Determines whether the given iterator and other point to the same
+  // element in the sequence generated by the generator.
+  // Used for implementing ParamGenerator<T>::operator==().
+  virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface& other) const = 0;
+};
+
+// Class iterating over elements provided by an implementation of
+// ParamGeneratorInterface<T>. It wraps ParamIteratorInterface<T>
+// and implements the const forward iterator concept.
+template <typename T>
+class ParamIterator {
+ public:
+  typedef T value_type;
+  typedef const T& reference;
+  typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+
+  // ParamIterator assumes ownership of the impl_ pointer.
+  ParamIterator(const ParamIterator& other) : impl_(other.impl_->Clone()) {}
+  ParamIterator& operator=(const ParamIterator& other) {
+    if (this != &other)
+      impl_.reset(other.impl_->Clone());
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  const T& operator*() const { return *impl_->Current(); }
+  const T* operator->() const { return impl_->Current(); }
+  // Prefix version of operator++.
+  ParamIterator& operator++() {
+    impl_->Advance();
+    return *this;
+  }
+  // Postfix version of operator++.
+  ParamIterator operator++(int /*unused*/) {
+    ParamIteratorInterface<T>* clone = impl_->Clone();
+    impl_->Advance();
+    return ParamIterator(clone);
+  }
+  bool operator==(const ParamIterator& other) const {
+    return impl_.get() == other.impl_.get() || impl_->Equals(*other.impl_);
+  }
+  bool operator!=(const ParamIterator& other) const {
+    return !(*this == other);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  friend class ParamGenerator<T>;
+  explicit ParamIterator(ParamIteratorInterface<T>* impl) : impl_(impl) {}
+  scoped_ptr<ParamIteratorInterface<T> > impl_;
+};
+
+// ParamGeneratorInterface<T> is the binary interface to access generators
+// defined in other translation units.
+template <typename T>
+class ParamGeneratorInterface {
+ public:
+  typedef T ParamType;
+
+  virtual ~ParamGeneratorInterface() {}
+
+  // Generator interface definition
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<T>* Begin() const = 0;
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<T>* End() const = 0;
+};
+
+// Wraps ParamGeneratorInterface<T> and provides general generator syntax
+// compatible with the STL Container concept.
+// This class implements copy initialization semantics and the contained
+// ParamGeneratorInterface<T> instance is shared among all copies
+// of the original object. This is possible because that instance is immutable.
+template<typename T>
+class ParamGenerator {
+ public:
+  typedef ParamIterator<T> iterator;
+
+  explicit ParamGenerator(ParamGeneratorInterface<T>* impl) : impl_(impl) {}
+  ParamGenerator(const ParamGenerator& other) : impl_(other.impl_) {}
+
+  ParamGenerator& operator=(const ParamGenerator& other) {
+    impl_ = other.impl_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  iterator begin() const { return iterator(impl_->Begin()); }
+  iterator end() const { return iterator(impl_->End()); }
+
+ private:
+  linked_ptr<const ParamGeneratorInterface<T> > impl_;
+};
+
+// Generates values from a range of two comparable values. Can be used to
+// generate sequences of user-defined types that implement operator+() and
+// operator<().
+// This class is used in the Range() function.
+template <typename T, typename IncrementT>
+class RangeGenerator : public ParamGeneratorInterface<T> {
+ public:
+  RangeGenerator(T begin, T end, IncrementT step)
+      : begin_(begin), end_(end),
+        step_(step), end_index_(CalculateEndIndex(begin, end, step)) {}
+  virtual ~RangeGenerator() {}
+
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<T>* Begin() const {
+    return new Iterator(this, begin_, 0, step_);
+  }
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<T>* End() const {
+    return new Iterator(this, end_, end_index_, step_);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  class Iterator : public ParamIteratorInterface<T> {
+   public:
+    Iterator(const ParamGeneratorInterface<T>* base, T value, int index,
+             IncrementT step)
+        : base_(base), value_(value), index_(index), step_(step) {}
+    virtual ~Iterator() {}
+
+    virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<T>* BaseGenerator() const {
+      return base_;
+    }
+    virtual void Advance() {
+      value_ = static_cast<T>(value_ + step_);
+      index_++;
+    }
+    virtual ParamIteratorInterface<T>* Clone() const {
+      return new Iterator(*this);
+    }
+    virtual const T* Current() const { return &value_; }
+    virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<T>& other) const {
+      // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
+      // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
+      GTEST_CHECK_(BaseGenerator() == other.BaseGenerator())
+          << "The program attempted to compare iterators "
+          << "from different generators." << std::endl;
+      const int other_index =
+          CheckedDowncastToActualType<const Iterator>(&other)->index_;
+      return index_ == other_index;
+    }
+
+   private:
+    Iterator(const Iterator& other)
+        : ParamIteratorInterface<T>(),
+          base_(other.base_), value_(other.value_), index_(other.index_),
+          step_(other.step_) {}
+
+    // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+    void operator=(const Iterator& other);
+
+    const ParamGeneratorInterface<T>* const base_;
+    T value_;
+    int index_;
+    const IncrementT step_;
+  };  // class RangeGenerator::Iterator
+
+  static int CalculateEndIndex(const T& begin,
+                               const T& end,
+                               const IncrementT& step) {
+    int end_index = 0;
+    for (T i = begin; i < end; i = static_cast<T>(i + step))
+      end_index++;
+    return end_index;
+  }
+
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const RangeGenerator& other);
+
+  const T begin_;
+  const T end_;
+  const IncrementT step_;
+  // The index for the end() iterator. All the elements in the generated
+  // sequence are indexed (0-based) to aid iterator comparison.
+  const int end_index_;
+};  // class RangeGenerator
+
+
+// Generates values from a pair of STL-style iterators. Used in the
+// ValuesIn() function. The elements are copied from the source range
+// since the source can be located on the stack, and the generator
+// is likely to persist beyond that stack frame.
+template <typename T>
+class ValuesInIteratorRangeGenerator : public ParamGeneratorInterface<T> {
+ public:
+  template <typename ForwardIterator>
+  ValuesInIteratorRangeGenerator(ForwardIterator begin, ForwardIterator end)
+      : container_(begin, end) {}
+  virtual ~ValuesInIteratorRangeGenerator() {}
+
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<T>* Begin() const {
+    return new Iterator(this, container_.begin());
+  }
+  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<T>* End() const {
+    return new Iterator(this, container_.end());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  typedef typename ::std::vector<T> ContainerType;
+
+  class Iterator : public ParamIteratorInterface<T> {
+   public:
+    Iterator(const ParamGeneratorInterface<T>* base,
+             typename ContainerType::const_iterator iterator)
+        : base_(base), iterator_(iterator) {}
+    virtual ~Iterator() {}
+
+    virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<T>* BaseGenerator() const {
+      return base_;
+    }
+    virtual void Advance() {
+      ++iterator_;
+      value_.reset();
+    }
+    virtual ParamIteratorInterface<T>* Clone() const {
+      return new Iterator(*this);
+    }
+    // We need to use cached value referenced by iterator_ because *iterator_
+    // can return a temporary object (and of type other then T), so just
+    // having "return &*iterator_;" doesn't work.
+    // value_ is updated here and not in Advance() because Advance()
+    // can advance iterator_ beyond the end of the range, and we cannot
+    // detect that fact. The client code, on the other hand, is
+    // responsible for not calling Current() on an out-of-range iterator.
+    virtual const T* Current() const {
+      if (value_.get() == NULL)
+        value_.reset(new T(*iterator_));
+      return value_.get();
+    }
+    virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<T>& other) const {
+      // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
+      // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
+      GTEST_CHECK_(BaseGenerator() == other.BaseGenerator())
+          << "The program attempted to compare iterators "
+          << "from different generators." << std::endl;
+      return iterator_ ==
+          CheckedDowncastToActualType<const Iterator>(&other)->iterator_;
+    }
+
+   private:
+    Iterator(const Iterator& other)
+          // The explicit constructor call suppresses a false warning
+          // emitted by gcc when supplied with the -Wextra option.
+        : ParamIteratorInterface<T>(),
+          base_(other.base_),
+          iterator_(other.iterator_) {}
+
+    const ParamGeneratorInterface<T>* const base_;
+    typename ContainerType::const_iterator iterator_;
+    // A cached value of *iterator_. We keep it here to allow access by
+    // pointer in the wrapping iterator's operator->().
+    // value_ needs to be mutable to be accessed in Current().
+    // Use of scoped_ptr helps manage cached value's lifetime,
+    // which is bound by the lifespan of the iterator itself.
+    mutable scoped_ptr<const T> value_;
+  };  // class ValuesInIteratorRangeGenerator::Iterator
+
+  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
+  void operator=(const ValuesInIteratorRangeGenerator& other);
+
+  const ContainerType container_;
+};  // class ValuesInIteratorRangeGenerator
+
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
+//
+// Default parameterized test name generator, returns a string containing the
+// integer test parameter index.
+template <class ParamType>
+std::string DefaultParamName(const TestParamInfo<ParamType>& info) {
+  Message name_stream;
+  name_stream << info.index;
+  return name_stream.GetString();
+}
+
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
+//
+// Parameterized test name overload helpers, which help the
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P macro choose between the default parameterized
+// test name generator and user param name generator.
+template <class ParamType, class ParamNameGenFunctor>
+ParamNameGenFunctor GetParamNameGen(ParamNameGenFunctor func) {
+  return func;
+}
+
+template <class ParamType>
+struct ParamNameGenFunc {
+  typedef std::string Type(const TestParamInfo<ParamType>&);
+};
+
+template <class ParamType>
+typename ParamNameGenFunc<ParamType>::Type *GetParamNameGen() {
+  return DefaultParamName;
+}
+
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
+//
+// Stores a parameter value and later creates tests parameterized with that
+// value.
+template <class TestClass>
+class ParameterizedTestFactory : public TestFactoryBase {
+ public:
+  typedef typename TestClass::ParamType ParamType;
+  explicit ParameterizedTestFactory(ParamType parameter) :
+      parameter_(parameter) {}
+  virtual Test* CreateTest() {
+    TestClass::SetParam(&parameter_);
+    return new TestClass();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const ParamType parameter_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ParameterizedTestFactory);
+};
+
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
+//
+// TestMetaFactoryBase is a base class for meta-factories that create
+// test factories for passing into MakeAndRegisterTestInfo function.
+template <class ParamType>
+class TestMetaFactoryBase {
+ public:
+  virtual ~TestMetaFactoryBase() {}
+
+  virtual TestFactoryBase* CreateTestFactory(ParamType parameter) = 0;
+};
+
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
+//
+// TestMetaFactory creates test factories for passing into
+// MakeAndRegisterTestInfo function. Since MakeAndRegisterTestInfo receives
+// ownership of test factory pointer, same factory object cannot be passed
+// into that method twice. But ParameterizedTestCaseInfo is going to call
+// it for each Test/Parameter value combination. Thus it needs meta factory
+// creator class.
+template <class TestCase>
+class TestMetaFactory
+    : public TestMetaFactoryBase<typename TestCase::ParamType> {
+ public:
+  typedef typename TestCase::ParamType ParamType;
+
+  TestMetaFactory() {}
+
+  virtual TestFactoryBase* CreateTestFactory(ParamType parameter) {
+    return new ParameterizedTestFactory<TestCase>(parameter);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestMetaFactory);
+};
+
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
+//
+// ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase is a generic interface
+// to ParameterizedTestCaseInfo classes. ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase
+// accumulates test information provided by TEST_P macro invocations
+// and generators provided by INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P macro invocations
+// and uses that information to register all resulting test instances
+// in RegisterTests method. The ParameterizeTestCaseRegistry class holds
+// a collection of pointers to the ParameterizedTestCaseInfo objects
+// and calls RegisterTests() on each of them when asked.
+class ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase {
+ public:
+  virtual ~ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase() {}
+
+  // Base part of test case name for display purposes.
+  virtual const string& GetTestCaseName() const = 0;
+  // Test case id to verify identity.
+  virtual TypeId GetTestCaseTypeId() const = 0;
+  // UnitTest class invokes this method to register tests in this
+  // test case right before running them in RUN_ALL_TESTS macro.
+  // This method should not be called more then once on any single
+  // instance of a ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase derived class.
+  virtual void RegisterTests() = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase() {}
+
+ private:
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase);
+};
+
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
+//
+// ParameterizedTestCaseInfo accumulates tests obtained from TEST_P
+// macro invocations for a particular test case and generators
+// obtained from INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P macro invocations for that
+// test case. It registers tests with all values generated by all
+// generators when asked.
+template <class TestCase>
+class ParameterizedTestCaseInfo : public ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase {
+ public:
+  // ParamType and GeneratorCreationFunc are private types but are required
+  // for declarations of public methods AddTestPattern() and
+  // AddTestCaseInstantiation().
+  typedef typename TestCase::ParamType ParamType;
+  // A function that returns an instance of appropriate generator type.
+  typedef ParamGenerator<ParamType>(GeneratorCreationFunc)();
+  typedef typename ParamNameGenFunc<ParamType>::Type ParamNameGeneratorFunc;
+
+  explicit ParameterizedTestCaseInfo(
+      const char* name, CodeLocation code_location)
+      : test_case_name_(name), code_location_(code_location) {}
+
+  // Test case base name for display purposes.
+  virtual const string& GetTestCaseName() const { return test_case_name_; }
+  // Test case id to verify identity.
+  virtual TypeId GetTestCaseTypeId() const { return GetTypeId<TestCase>(); }
+  // TEST_P macro uses AddTestPattern() to record information
+  // about a single test in a LocalTestInfo structure.
+  // test_case_name is the base name of the test case (without invocation
+  // prefix). test_base_name is the name of an individual test without
+  // parameter index. For the test SequenceA/FooTest.DoBar/1 FooTest is
+  // test case base name and DoBar is test base name.
+  void AddTestPattern(const char* test_case_name,
+                      const char* test_base_name,
+                      TestMetaFactoryBase<ParamType>* meta_factory) {
+    tests_.push_back(linked_ptr<TestInfo>(new TestInfo(test_case_name,
+                                                       test_base_name,
+                                                       meta_factory)));
+  }
+  // INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P macro uses AddGenerator() to record information
+  // about a generator.
+  int AddTestCaseInstantiation(const string& instantiation_name,
+                               GeneratorCreationFunc* func,
+                               ParamNameGeneratorFunc* name_func,
+                               const char* file,
+                               int line) {
+    instantiations_.push_back(
+        InstantiationInfo(instantiation_name, func, name_func, file, line));
+    return 0;  // Return value used only to run this method in namespace scope.
+  }
+  // UnitTest class invokes this method to register tests in this test case
+  // test cases right before running tests in RUN_ALL_TESTS macro.
+  // This method should not be called more then once on any single
+  // instance of a ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase derived class.
+  // UnitTest has a guard to prevent from calling this method more then once.
+  virtual void RegisterTests() {
+    for (typename TestInfoContainer::iterator test_it = tests_.begin();
+         test_it != tests_.end(); ++test_it) {
+      linked_ptr<TestInfo> test_info = *test_it;
+      for (typename InstantiationContainer::iterator gen_it =
+               instantiations_.begin(); gen_it != instantiations_.end();
+               ++gen_it) {
+        const string& instantiation_name = gen_it->name;
+        ParamGenerator<ParamType> generator((*gen_it->generator)());
+        ParamNameGeneratorFunc* name_func = gen_it->name_func;
+        const char* file = gen_it->file;
+        int line = gen_it->line;
+
+        string test_case_name;
+        if ( !instantiation_name.empty() )
+          test_case_name = instantiation_name + "/";
+        test_case_name += test_info->test_case_base_name;
+
+        size_t i = 0;
+        std::set<std::string> test_param_names;
+        for (typename ParamGenerator<ParamType>::iterator param_it =
+                 generator.begin();
+             param_it != generator.end(); ++param_it, ++i) {
+          Message test_name_stream;
+
+          std::string param_name = name_func(
+              TestParamInfo<ParamType>(*param_it, i));
+
+          GTEST_CHECK_(IsValidParamName(param_name))
+              << "Parameterized test name '" << param_name
+              << "' is invalid, in " << file
+              << " line " << line << std::endl;
+
+          GTEST_CHECK_(test_param_names.count(param_name) == 0)
+              << "Duplicate parameterized test name '" << param_name
+              << "', in " << file << " line " << line << std::endl;
+
+          test_param_names.insert(param_name);
+
+          test_name_stream << test_info->test_base_name << "/" << param_name;
+          MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
+              test_case_name.c_str(),
+              test_name_stream.GetString().c_str(),
+              NULL,  // No type parameter.
+              PrintToString(*param_it).c_str(),
+              code_location_,
+              GetTestCaseTypeId(),
+              TestCase::SetUpTestCase,
+              TestCase::TearDownTestCase,
+              test_info->test_meta_factory->CreateTestFactory(*param_it));
+        }  // for param_it
+      }  // for gen_it
+    }  // for test_it
+  }  // RegisterTests
+
+ private:
+  // LocalTestInfo structure keeps information about a single test registered
+  // with TEST_P macro.
+  struct TestInfo {
+    TestInfo(const char* a_test_case_base_name,
+             const char* a_test_base_name,
+             TestMetaFactoryBase<ParamType>* a_test_meta_factory) :
+        test_case_base_name(a_test_case_base_name),
+        test_base_name(a_test_base_name),
+        test_meta_factory(a_test_meta_factory) {}
+
+    const string test_case_base_name;
+    const string test_base_name;
+    const scoped_ptr<TestMetaFactoryBase<ParamType> > test_meta_factory;
+  };
+  typedef ::std::vector<linked_ptr<TestInfo> > TestInfoContainer;
+  // Records data received from INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P macros:
+  //  <Instantiation name, Sequence generator creation function,
+  //     Name generator function, Source file, Source line>
+  struct InstantiationInfo {
+      InstantiationInfo(const std::string &name_in,
+                        GeneratorCreationFunc* generator_in,
+                        ParamNameGeneratorFunc* name_func_in,
+                        const char* file_in,
+                        int line_in)
+          : name(name_in),
+            generator(generator_in),
+            name_func(name_func_in),
+            file(file_in),
+            line(line_in) {}
+
+      std::string name;
+      GeneratorCreationFunc* generator;
+      ParamNameGeneratorFunc* name_func;
+      const char* file;
+      int line;
+  };
+  typedef ::std::vector<InstantiationInfo> InstantiationContainer;
+
+  static bool IsValidParamName(const std::string& name) {
+    // Check for empty string
+    if (name.empty())
+      return false;
+
+    // Check for invalid characters
+    for (std::string::size_type index = 0; index < name.size(); ++index) {
+      if (!isalnum(name[index]) && name[index] != '_')
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  const string test_case_name_;
+  CodeLocation code_location_;
+  TestInfoContainer tests_;
+  InstantiationContainer instantiations_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ParameterizedTestCaseInfo);
+};  // class ParameterizedTestCaseInfo
+
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
+//
+// ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry contains a map of ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase
+// classes accessed by test case names. TEST_P and INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P
+// macros use it to locate their corresponding ParameterizedTestCaseInfo
+// descriptors.
+class ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry {
+ public:
+  ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry() {}
+  ~ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry() {
+    for (TestCaseInfoContainer::iterator it = test_case_infos_.begin();
+         it != test_case_infos_.end(); ++it) {
+      delete *it;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Looks up or creates and returns a structure containing information about
+  // tests and instantiations of a particular test case.
+  template <class TestCase>
+  ParameterizedTestCaseInfo<TestCase>* GetTestCasePatternHolder(
+      const char* test_case_name,
+      CodeLocation code_location) {
+    ParameterizedTestCaseInfo<TestCase>* typed_test_info = NULL;
+    for (TestCaseInfoContainer::iterator it = test_case_infos_.begin();
+         it != test_case_infos_.end(); ++it) {
+      if ((*it)->GetTestCaseName() == test_case_name) {
+        if ((*it)->GetTestCaseTypeId() != GetTypeId<TestCase>()) {
+          // Complain about incorrect usage of Google Test facilities
+          // and terminate the program since we cannot guaranty correct
+          // test case setup and tear-down in this case.
+          ReportInvalidTestCaseType(test_case_name, code_location);
+          posix::Abort();
+        } else {
+          // At this point we are sure that the object we found is of the same
+          // type we are looking for, so we downcast it to that type
+          // without further checks.
+          typed_test_info = CheckedDowncastToActualType<
+              ParameterizedTestCaseInfo<TestCase> >(*it);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (typed_test_info == NULL) {
+      typed_test_info = new ParameterizedTestCaseInfo<TestCase>(
+          test_case_name, code_location);
+      test_case_infos_.push_back(typed_test_info);
+    }
+    return typed_test_info;
+  }
+  void RegisterTests() {
+    for (TestCaseInfoContainer::iterator it = test_case_infos_.begin();
+         it != test_case_infos_.end(); ++it) {
+      (*it)->RegisterTests();
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  typedef ::std::vector<ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase*> TestCaseInfoContainer;
+
+  TestCaseInfoContainer test_case_infos_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry);
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace testing
+
+#endif  //  GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port-arch.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port-arch.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..74ab949057c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port-arch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+// Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+//
+// This header file defines the GTEST_OS_* macro.
+// It is separate from gtest-port.h so that custom/gtest-port.h can include it.
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_ARCH_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_ARCH_H_
+
+// Determines the platform on which Google Test is compiled.
+#ifdef __CYGWIN__
+# define GTEST_OS_CYGWIN 1
+#elif defined __SYMBIAN32__
+# define GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN 1
+#elif defined _WIN32
+# define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS 1
+# ifdef _WIN32_WCE
+#  define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE 1
+# elif defined(__MINGW__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
+#  define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW 1
+# elif defined(WINAPI_FAMILY)
+#  include <winapifamily.h>
+#  if WINAPI_FAMILY_PARTITION(WINAPI_PARTITION_DESKTOP)
+#   define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP 1
+#  elif WINAPI_FAMILY_PARTITION(WINAPI_PARTITION_PHONE_APP)
+#   define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE 1
+#  elif WINAPI_FAMILY_PARTITION(WINAPI_PARTITION_APP)
+#   define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT 1
+#  else
+    // WINAPI_FAMILY defined but no known partition matched.
+    // Default to desktop.
+#   define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP 1
+#  endif
+# else
+#  define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP 1
+# endif  // _WIN32_WCE
+#elif defined __APPLE__
+# define GTEST_OS_MAC 1
+# if TARGET_OS_IPHONE
+#  define GTEST_OS_IOS 1
+# endif
+#elif defined __FreeBSD__
+# define GTEST_OS_FREEBSD 1
+#elif defined __linux__
+# define GTEST_OS_LINUX 1
+# if defined __ANDROID__
+#  define GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID 1
+# endif
+#elif defined __MVS__
+# define GTEST_OS_ZOS 1
+#elif defined(__sun) && defined(__SVR4)
+# define GTEST_OS_SOLARIS 1
+#elif defined(_AIX)
+# define GTEST_OS_AIX 1
+#elif defined(__hpux)
+# define GTEST_OS_HPUX 1
+#elif defined __native_client__
+# define GTEST_OS_NACL 1
+#elif defined __OpenBSD__
+# define GTEST_OS_OPENBSD 1
+#elif defined __QNX__
+# define GTEST_OS_QNX 1
+#endif  // __CYGWIN__
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_ARCH_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0094ed5077e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2554 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Authors: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+//
+// Low-level types and utilities for porting Google Test to various
+// platforms.  All macros ending with _ and symbols defined in an
+// internal namespace are subject to change without notice.  Code
+// outside Google Test MUST NOT USE THEM DIRECTLY.  Macros that don't
+// end with _ are part of Google Test's public API and can be used by
+// code outside Google Test.
+//
+// This file is fundamental to Google Test.  All other Google Test source
+// files are expected to #include this.  Therefore, it cannot #include
+// any other Google Test header.
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_H_
+
+// Environment-describing macros
+// -----------------------------
+//
+// Google Test can be used in many different environments.  Macros in
+// this section tell Google Test what kind of environment it is being
+// used in, such that Google Test can provide environment-specific
+// features and implementations.
+//
+// Google Test tries to automatically detect the properties of its
+// environment, so users usually don't need to worry about these
+// macros.  However, the automatic detection is not perfect.
+// Sometimes it's necessary for a user to define some of the following
+// macros in the build script to override Google Test's decisions.
+//
+// If the user doesn't define a macro in the list, Google Test will
+// provide a default definition.  After this header is #included, all
+// macros in this list will be defined to either 1 or 0.
+//
+// Notes to maintainers:
+//   - Each macro here is a user-tweakable knob; do not grow the list
+//     lightly.
+//   - Use #if to key off these macros.  Don't use #ifdef or "#if
+//     defined(...)", which will not work as these macros are ALWAYS
+//     defined.
+//
+//   GTEST_HAS_CLONE          - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that clone(2)
+//                              is/isn't available.
+//   GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS     - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that exceptions
+//                              are enabled.
+//   GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING  - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that ::string
+//                              is/isn't available (some systems define
+//                              ::string, which is different to std::string).
+//   GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that ::string
+//                              is/isn't available (some systems define
+//                              ::wstring, which is different to std::wstring).
+//   GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE       - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that POSIX regular
+//                              expressions are/aren't available.
+//   GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD        - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that <pthread.h>
+//                              is/isn't available.
+//   GTEST_HAS_RTTI           - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that RTTI is/isn't
+//                              enabled.
+//   GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING    - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that
+//                              std::wstring does/doesn't work (Google Test can
+//                              be used where std::wstring is unavailable).
+//   GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE      - Define it to 1/0 to indicate tr1::tuple
+//                              is/isn't available.
+//   GTEST_HAS_SEH            - Define it to 1/0 to indicate whether the
+//                              compiler supports Microsoft's "Structured
+//                              Exception Handling".
+//   GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
+//                            - Define it to 1/0 to indicate whether the
+//                              platform supports I/O stream redirection using
+//                              dup() and dup2().
+//   GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE  - Define it to 1/0 to indicate whether Google
+//                              Test's own tr1 tuple implementation should be
+//                              used.  Unused when the user sets
+//                              GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE to 0.
+//   GTEST_LANG_CXX11         - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that Google Test
+//                              is building in C++11/C++98 mode.
+//   GTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY
+//                            - Define to 1 when compiling tests that use
+//                              Google Test as a shared library (known as
+//                              DLL on Windows).
+//   GTEST_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY
+//                            - Define to 1 when compiling Google Test itself
+//                              as a shared library.
+
+// Platform-indicating macros
+// --------------------------
+//
+// Macros indicating the platform on which Google Test is being used
+// (a macro is defined to 1 if compiled on the given platform;
+// otherwise UNDEFINED -- it's never defined to 0.).  Google Test
+// defines these macros automatically.  Code outside Google Test MUST
+// NOT define them.
+//
+//   GTEST_OS_AIX      - IBM AIX
+//   GTEST_OS_CYGWIN   - Cygwin
+//   GTEST_OS_FREEBSD  - FreeBSD
+//   GTEST_OS_HPUX     - HP-UX
+//   GTEST_OS_LINUX    - Linux
+//     GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID - Google Android
+//   GTEST_OS_MAC      - Mac OS X
+//     GTEST_OS_IOS    - iOS
+//   GTEST_OS_NACL     - Google Native Client (NaCl)
+//   GTEST_OS_OPENBSD  - OpenBSD
+//   GTEST_OS_QNX      - QNX
+//   GTEST_OS_SOLARIS  - Sun Solaris
+//   GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN  - Symbian
+//   GTEST_OS_WINDOWS  - Windows (Desktop, MinGW, or Mobile)
+//     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP  - Windows Desktop
+//     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW    - MinGW
+//     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE   - Windows Mobile
+//     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE    - Windows Phone
+//     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT       - Windows Store App/WinRT
+//   GTEST_OS_ZOS      - z/OS
+//
+// Among the platforms, Cygwin, Linux, Max OS X, and Windows have the
+// most stable support.  Since core members of the Google Test project
+// don't have access to other platforms, support for them may be less
+// stable.  If you notice any problems on your platform, please notify
+// googletestframework@googlegroups.com (patches for fixing them are
+// even more welcome!).
+//
+// It is possible that none of the GTEST_OS_* macros are defined.
+
+// Feature-indicating macros
+// -------------------------
+//
+// Macros indicating which Google Test features are available (a macro
+// is defined to 1 if the corresponding feature is supported;
+// otherwise UNDEFINED -- it's never defined to 0.).  Google Test
+// defines these macros automatically.  Code outside Google Test MUST
+// NOT define them.
+//
+// These macros are public so that portable tests can be written.
+// Such tests typically surround code using a feature with an #if
+// which controls that code.  For example:
+//
+// #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+//   EXPECT_DEATH(DoSomethingDeadly());
+// #endif
+//
+//   GTEST_HAS_COMBINE      - the Combine() function (for value-parameterized
+//                            tests)
+//   GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST   - death tests
+//   GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST   - value-parameterized tests
+//   GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST   - typed tests
+//   GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P - type-parameterized tests
+//   GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE    - Google Test is thread-safe.
+//   GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE    - enhanced POSIX regex is used. Do not confuse with
+//                            GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (see above) which users can
+//                            define themselves.
+//   GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE   - our own simple regex is used;
+//                            the above two are mutually exclusive.
+//   GTEST_CAN_COMPARE_NULL - accepts untyped NULL in EXPECT_EQ().
+
+// Misc public macros
+// ------------------
+//
+//   GTEST_FLAG(flag_name)  - references the variable corresponding to
+//                            the given Google Test flag.
+
+// Internal utilities
+// ------------------
+//
+// The following macros and utilities are for Google Test's INTERNAL
+// use only.  Code outside Google Test MUST NOT USE THEM DIRECTLY.
+//
+// Macros for basic C++ coding:
+//   GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ - for disabling a gcc warning.
+//   GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_  - declares that a class' instances or a
+//                              variable don't have to be used.
+//   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_   - disables operator=.
+//   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_ - disables copy ctor and operator=.
+//   GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_   - declares that a function's result must be used.
+//   GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_ - start code section where MSVC C4127 is
+//                                        suppressed (constant conditional).
+//   GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_  - finish code section where MSVC C4127
+//                                        is suppressed.
+//
+// C++11 feature wrappers:
+//
+//   testing::internal::move  - portability wrapper for std::move.
+//
+// Synchronization:
+//   Mutex, MutexLock, ThreadLocal, GetThreadCount()
+//                            - synchronization primitives.
+//
+// Template meta programming:
+//   is_pointer     - as in TR1; needed on Symbian and IBM XL C/C++ only.
+//   IteratorTraits - partial implementation of std::iterator_traits, which
+//                    is not available in libCstd when compiled with Sun C++.
+//
+// Smart pointers:
+//   scoped_ptr     - as in TR2.
+//
+// Regular expressions:
+//   RE             - a simple regular expression class using the POSIX
+//                    Extended Regular Expression syntax on UNIX-like
+//                    platforms, or a reduced regular exception syntax on
+//                    other platforms, including Windows.
+//
+// Logging:
+//   GTEST_LOG_()   - logs messages at the specified severity level.
+//   LogToStderr()  - directs all log messages to stderr.
+//   FlushInfoLog() - flushes informational log messages.
+//
+// Stdout and stderr capturing:
+//   CaptureStdout()     - starts capturing stdout.
+//   GetCapturedStdout() - stops capturing stdout and returns the captured
+//                         string.
+//   CaptureStderr()     - starts capturing stderr.
+//   GetCapturedStderr() - stops capturing stderr and returns the captured
+//                         string.
+//
+// Integer types:
+//   TypeWithSize   - maps an integer to a int type.
+//   Int32, UInt32, Int64, UInt64, TimeInMillis
+//                  - integers of known sizes.
+//   BiggestInt     - the biggest signed integer type.
+//
+// Command-line utilities:
+//   GTEST_DECLARE_*()  - declares a flag.
+//   GTEST_DEFINE_*()   - defines a flag.
+//   GetInjectableArgvs() - returns the command line as a vector of strings.
+//
+// Environment variable utilities:
+//   GetEnv()             - gets the value of an environment variable.
+//   BoolFromGTestEnv()   - parses a bool environment variable.
+//   Int32FromGTestEnv()  - parses an Int32 environment variable.
+//   StringFromGTestEnv() - parses a string environment variable.
+
+#include <ctype.h>   // for isspace, etc
+#include <stddef.h>  // for ptrdiff_t
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#ifndef _WIN32_WCE
+# include <sys/types.h>
+# include <sys/stat.h>
+#endif  // !_WIN32_WCE
+
+#if defined __APPLE__
+# include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
+# include <TargetConditionals.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <algorithm>  // NOLINT
+#include <iostream>  // NOLINT
+#include <sstream>  // NOLINT
+#include <string>  // NOLINT
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>  // NOLINT
+
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port-arch.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/custom/gtest-port.h"
+
+#if !defined(GTEST_DEV_EMAIL_)
+# define GTEST_DEV_EMAIL_ "googletestframework@@googlegroups.com"
+# define GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "gtest_"
+# define GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_DASH_ "gtest-"
+# define GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "GTEST_"
+# define GTEST_NAME_ "Google Test"
+# define GTEST_PROJECT_URL_ "https://github.com/google/googletest/"
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_DEV_EMAIL_)
+
+#if !defined(GTEST_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_NAME_)
+# define GTEST_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_NAME_ "testing::InitGoogleTest"
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_NAME_)
+
+// Determines the version of gcc that is used to compile this.
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+// 40302 means version 4.3.2.
+# define GTEST_GCC_VER_ \
+    (__GNUC__*10000 + __GNUC_MINOR__*100 + __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+
+// Macros for disabling Microsoft Visual C++ warnings.
+//
+//   GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4800 4385)
+//   /* code that triggers warnings C4800 and C4385 */
+//   GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1500
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(warnings) \
+    __pragma(warning(push))                        \
+    __pragma(warning(disable: warnings))
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()          \
+    __pragma(warning(pop))
+#else
+// Older versions of MSVC don't have __pragma.
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(warnings)
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+#endif
+
+#ifndef GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+// gcc and clang define __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__ when
+// -std={c,gnu}++{0x,11} is passed.  The C++11 standard specifies a
+// value for __cplusplus, and recent versions of clang, gcc, and
+// probably other compilers set that too in C++11 mode.
+# if __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__ || __cplusplus >= 201103L
+// Compiling in at least C++11 mode.
+#  define GTEST_LANG_CXX11 1
+# else
+#  define GTEST_LANG_CXX11 0
+# endif
+#endif
+
+// Distinct from C++11 language support, some environments don't provide
+// proper C++11 library support. Notably, it's possible to build in
+// C++11 mode when targeting Mac OS X 10.6, which has an old libstdc++
+// with no C++11 support.
+//
+// libstdc++ has sufficient C++11 support as of GCC 4.6.0, __GLIBCXX__
+// 20110325, but maintenance releases in the 4.4 and 4.5 series followed
+// this date, so check for those versions by their date stamps.
+// https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/abi.html#abi.versioning
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11 && \
+    (!defined(__GLIBCXX__) || ( \
+        __GLIBCXX__ >= 20110325ul &&  /* GCC >= 4.6.0 */ \
+        /* Blacklist of patch releases of older branches: */ \
+        __GLIBCXX__ != 20110416ul &&  /* GCC 4.4.6 */ \
+        __GLIBCXX__ != 20120313ul &&  /* GCC 4.4.7 */ \
+        __GLIBCXX__ != 20110428ul &&  /* GCC 4.5.3 */ \
+        __GLIBCXX__ != 20120702ul))   /* GCC 4.5.4 */
+# define GTEST_STDLIB_CXX11 1
+#endif
+
+// Only use C++11 library features if the library provides them.
+#if GTEST_STDLIB_CXX11
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_BEGIN_AND_END_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_INITIALIZER_LIST_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_SHARED_PTR_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_TYPE_TRAITS_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_UNIQUE_PTR_ 1
+#endif
+
+// C++11 specifies that <tuple> provides std::tuple.
+// Some platforms still might not have it, however.
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_ 1
+# if defined(__clang__)
+// Inspired by http://clang.llvm.org/docs/LanguageExtensions.html#__has_include
+#  if defined(__has_include) && !__has_include(<tuple>)
+#   undef GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+#  endif
+# elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+// Inspired by boost/config/stdlib/dinkumware.hpp
+#  if defined(_CPPLIB_VER) && _CPPLIB_VER < 520
+#   undef GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+#  endif
+# elif defined(__GLIBCXX__)
+// Inspired by boost/config/stdlib/libstdcpp3.hpp,
+// http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.2/changes.html and
+// http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/bk01pt01ch01.html#manual.intro.status.standard.200x
+#  if __GNUC__ < 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 2)
+#   undef GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+#  endif
+# endif
+#endif
+
+// Brings in definitions for functions used in the testing::internal::posix
+// namespace (read, write, close, chdir, isatty, stat). We do not currently
+// use them on Windows Mobile.
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#  include <direct.h>
+#  include <io.h>
+# endif
+// In order to avoid having to include <windows.h>, use forward declaration
+// assuming CRITICAL_SECTION is a typedef of _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION.
+// This assumption is verified by
+// WindowsTypesTest.CRITICAL_SECTIONIs_RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION.
+struct _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION;
+#else
+// This assumes that non-Windows OSes provide unistd.h. For OSes where this
+// is not the case, we need to include headers that provide the functions
+// mentioned above.
+# include <unistd.h>
+# include <strings.h>
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+#if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+// Used to define __ANDROID_API__ matching the target NDK API level.
+#  include <android/api-level.h>  // NOLINT
+#endif
+
+// Defines this to true iff Google Test can use POSIX regular expressions.
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE
+# if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+// On Android, <regex.h> is only available starting with Gingerbread.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (__ANDROID_API__ >= 9)
+# else
+#  define GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (!GTEST_OS_WINDOWS)
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#if GTEST_USES_PCRE
+// The appropriate headers have already been included.
+
+#elif GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE
+
+// On some platforms, <regex.h> needs someone to define size_t, and
+// won't compile otherwise.  We can #include it here as we already
+// included <stdlib.h>, which is guaranteed to define size_t through
+// <stddef.h>.
+# include <regex.h>  // NOLINT
+
+# define GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE 1
+
+#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+// <regex.h> is not available on Windows.  Use our own simple regex
+// implementation instead.
+# define GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE 1
+
+#else
+
+// <regex.h> may not be available on this platform.  Use our own
+// simple regex implementation instead.
+# define GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE 1
+
+#endif  // GTEST_USES_PCRE
+
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+// The user didn't tell us whether exceptions are enabled, so we need
+// to figure it out.
+# if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
+// MSVC's and C++Builder's implementations of the STL use the _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+// macro to enable exceptions, so we'll do the same.
+// Assumes that exceptions are enabled by default.
+#  ifndef _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+#   define _HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
+#  endif  // _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+#  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+# elif defined(__clang__)
+// clang defines __EXCEPTIONS iff exceptions are enabled before clang 220714,
+// but iff cleanups are enabled after that. In Obj-C++ files, there can be
+// cleanups for ObjC exceptions which also need cleanups, even if C++ exceptions
+// are disabled. clang has __has_feature(cxx_exceptions) which checks for C++
+// exceptions starting at clang r206352, but which checked for cleanups prior to
+// that. To reliably check for C++ exception availability with clang, check for
+// __EXCEPTIONS && __has_feature(cxx_exceptions).
+#  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS (__EXCEPTIONS && __has_feature(cxx_exceptions))
+# elif defined(__GNUC__) && __EXCEPTIONS
+// gcc defines __EXCEPTIONS to 1 iff exceptions are enabled.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
+# elif defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
+// Sun Pro CC supports exceptions.  However, there is no compile-time way of
+// detecting whether they are enabled or not.  Therefore, we assume that
+// they are enabled unless the user tells us otherwise.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
+# elif defined(__IBMCPP__) && __EXCEPTIONS
+// xlC defines __EXCEPTIONS to 1 iff exceptions are enabled.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
+# elif defined(__HP_aCC)
+// Exception handling is in effect by default in HP aCC compiler. It has to
+// be turned of by +noeh compiler option if desired.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
+# else
+// For other compilers, we assume exceptions are disabled to be
+// conservative.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 0
+# endif  // defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+#if !defined(GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING)
+// Even though we don't use this macro any longer, we keep it in case
+// some clients still depend on it.
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING 1
+#elif !GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING
+// The user told us that ::std::string isn't available.
+# error "Google Test cannot be used where ::std::string isn't available."
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING)
+
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+// The user didn't tell us whether ::string is available, so we need
+// to figure it out.
+
+# define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING 0
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+// The user didn't tell us whether ::std::wstring is available, so we need
+// to figure it out.
+// TODO(wan@google.com): uses autoconf to detect whether ::std::wstring
+//   is available.
+
+// Cygwin 1.7 and below doesn't support ::std::wstring.
+// Solaris' libc++ doesn't support it either.  Android has
+// no support for it at least as recent as Froyo (2.2).
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING \
+    (!(GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID || GTEST_OS_CYGWIN || GTEST_OS_SOLARIS))
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+// The user didn't tell us whether ::wstring is available, so we need
+// to figure it out.
+# define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING \
+    (GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING && GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING)
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+
+// Determines whether RTTI is available.
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_RTTI
+// The user didn't tell us whether RTTI is enabled, so we need to
+// figure it out.
+
+# ifdef _MSC_VER
+
+#  ifdef _CPPRTTI  // MSVC defines this macro iff RTTI is enabled.
+#   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 1
+#  else
+#   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 0
+#  endif
+
+// Starting with version 4.3.2, gcc defines __GXX_RTTI iff RTTI is enabled.
+# elif defined(__GNUC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 40302)
+
+#  ifdef __GXX_RTTI
+// When building against STLport with the Android NDK and with
+// -frtti -fno-exceptions, the build fails at link time with undefined
+// references to __cxa_bad_typeid. Note sure if STL or toolchain bug,
+// so disable RTTI when detected.
+#   if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID && defined(_STLPORT_MAJOR) && \
+       !defined(__EXCEPTIONS)
+#    define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 0
+#   else
+#    define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 1
+#   endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID && __STLPORT_MAJOR && !__EXCEPTIONS
+#  else
+#   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 0
+#  endif  // __GXX_RTTI
+
+// Clang defines __GXX_RTTI starting with version 3.0, but its manual recommends
+// using has_feature instead. has_feature(cxx_rtti) is supported since 2.7, the
+// first version with C++ support.
+# elif defined(__clang__)
+
+#  define GTEST_HAS_RTTI __has_feature(cxx_rtti)
+
+// Starting with version 9.0 IBM Visual Age defines __RTTI_ALL__ to 1 if
+// both the typeid and dynamic_cast features are present.
+# elif defined(__IBMCPP__) && (__IBMCPP__ >= 900)
+
+#  ifdef __RTTI_ALL__
+#   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 1
+#  else
+#   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 0
+#  endif
+
+# else
+
+// For all other compilers, we assume RTTI is enabled.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 1
+
+# endif  // _MSC_VER
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_RTTI
+
+// It's this header's responsibility to #include <typeinfo> when RTTI
+// is enabled.
+#if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
+# include <typeinfo>
+#endif
+
+// Determines whether Google Test can use the pthreads library.
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+// The user didn't tell us explicitly, so we make reasonable assumptions about
+// which platforms have pthreads support.
+//
+// To disable threading support in Google Test, add -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=0
+// to your compiler flags.
+# define GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD (GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_MAC || GTEST_OS_HPUX \
+    || GTEST_OS_QNX || GTEST_OS_FREEBSD || GTEST_OS_NACL)
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+// gtest-port.h guarantees to #include <pthread.h> when GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD is
+// true.
+# include <pthread.h>  // NOLINT
+
+// For timespec and nanosleep, used below.
+# include <time.h>  // NOLINT
+#endif
+
+// Determines if hash_map/hash_set are available.
+// Only used for testing against those containers.
+#if !defined(GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_)
+# if _MSC_VER
+#  define GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_ 1  // Indicates that hash_map is available.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_HASH_SET_ 1  // Indicates that hash_set is available.
+# endif  // _MSC_VER
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_)
+
+// Determines whether Google Test can use tr1/tuple.  You can define
+// this macro to 0 to prevent Google Test from using tuple (any
+// feature depending on tuple with be disabled in this mode).
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+# if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID && defined(_STLPORT_MAJOR)
+// STLport, provided with the Android NDK, has neither <tr1/tuple> or <tuple>.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE 0
+# else
+// The user didn't tell us not to do it, so we assume it's OK.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE 1
+# endif
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+
+// Determines whether Google Test's own tr1 tuple implementation
+// should be used.
+#ifndef GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
+// The user didn't tell us, so we need to figure it out.
+
+// We use our own TR1 tuple if we aren't sure the user has an
+// implementation of it already.  At this time, libstdc++ 4.0.0+ and
+// MSVC 2010 are the only mainstream standard libraries that come
+// with a TR1 tuple implementation.  NVIDIA's CUDA NVCC compiler
+// pretends to be GCC by defining __GNUC__ and friends, but cannot
+// compile GCC's tuple implementation.  MSVC 2008 (9.0) provides TR1
+// tuple in a 323 MB Feature Pack download, which we cannot assume the
+// user has.  QNX's QCC compiler is a modified GCC but it doesn't
+// support TR1 tuple.  libc++ only provides std::tuple, in C++11 mode,
+// and it can be used with some compilers that define __GNUC__.
+# if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__CUDACC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 40000) \
+      && !GTEST_OS_QNX && !defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)) || _MSC_VER >= 1600
+#  define GTEST_ENV_HAS_TR1_TUPLE_ 1
+# endif
+
+// C++11 specifies that <tuple> provides std::tuple. Use that if gtest is used
+// in C++11 mode and libstdc++ isn't very old (binaries targeting OS X 10.6
+// can build with clang but need to use gcc4.2's libstdc++).
+# if GTEST_LANG_CXX11 && (!defined(__GLIBCXX__) || __GLIBCXX__ > 20110325)
+#  define GTEST_ENV_HAS_STD_TUPLE_ 1
+# endif
+
+# if GTEST_ENV_HAS_TR1_TUPLE_ || GTEST_ENV_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+#  define GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE 0
+# else
+#  define GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE 1
+# endif
+
+#endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
+
+// To avoid conditional compilation everywhere, we make it
+// gtest-port.h's responsibility to #include the header implementing
+// tuple.
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+# include <tuple>  // IWYU pragma: export
+# define GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_ ::std
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+
+// We include tr1::tuple even if std::tuple is available to define printers for
+// them.
+#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+# ifndef GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_
+#  define GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_ ::std::tr1
+# endif  // GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_
+
+# if GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
+#  include "gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h"  // IWYU pragma: export  // NOLINT
+# elif GTEST_ENV_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+#  include <tuple>
+// C++11 puts its tuple into the ::std namespace rather than
+// ::std::tr1.  gtest expects tuple to live in ::std::tr1, so put it there.
+// This causes undefined behavior, but supported compilers react in
+// the way we intend.
+namespace std {
+namespace tr1 {
+using ::std::get;
+using ::std::make_tuple;
+using ::std::tuple;
+using ::std::tuple_element;
+using ::std::tuple_size;
+}
+}
+
+# elif GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+
+// On Symbian, BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE causes Boost's TR1 tuple library to
+// use STLport's tuple implementation, which unfortunately doesn't
+// work as the copy of STLport distributed with Symbian is incomplete.
+// By making sure BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE is undefined, we force Boost to
+// use its own tuple implementation.
+#  ifdef BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+#   undef BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+#  endif  // BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+
+// This prevents <boost/tr1/detail/config.hpp>, which defines
+// BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE, from being #included by Boost's <tuple>.
+#  define BOOST_TR1_DETAIL_CONFIG_HPP_INCLUDED
+#  include <tuple>  // IWYU pragma: export  // NOLINT
+
+# elif defined(__GNUC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 40000)
+// GCC 4.0+ implements tr1/tuple in the <tr1/tuple> header.  This does
+// not conform to the TR1 spec, which requires the header to be <tuple>.
+
+#  if !GTEST_HAS_RTTI && GTEST_GCC_VER_ < 40302
+// Until version 4.3.2, gcc has a bug that causes <tr1/functional>,
+// which is #included by <tr1/tuple>, to not compile when RTTI is
+// disabled.  _TR1_FUNCTIONAL is the header guard for
+// <tr1/functional>.  Hence the following #define is a hack to prevent
+// <tr1/functional> from being included.
+#   define _TR1_FUNCTIONAL 1
+#   include <tr1/tuple>
+#   undef _TR1_FUNCTIONAL  // Allows the user to #include
+                        // <tr1/functional> if he chooses to.
+#  else
+#   include <tr1/tuple>  // NOLINT
+#  endif  // !GTEST_HAS_RTTI && GTEST_GCC_VER_ < 40302
+
+# else
+// If the compiler is not GCC 4.0+, we assume the user is using a
+// spec-conforming TR1 implementation.
+#  include <tuple>  // IWYU pragma: export  // NOLINT
+# endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+
+// Determines whether clone(2) is supported.
+// Usually it will only be available on Linux, excluding
+// Linux on the Itanium architecture.
+// Also see http://linux.die.net/man/2/clone.
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_CLONE
+// The user didn't tell us, so we need to figure it out.
+
+# if GTEST_OS_LINUX && !defined(__ia64__)
+#  if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+// On Android, clone() is only available on ARM starting with Gingerbread.
+#    if defined(__arm__) && __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
+#     define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 1
+#    else
+#     define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 0
+#    endif
+#  else
+#   define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 1
+#  endif
+# else
+#  define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 0
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX && !defined(__ia64__)
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_CLONE
+
+// Determines whether to support stream redirection. This is used to test
+// output correctness and to implement death tests.
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
+// By default, we assume that stream redirection is supported on all
+// platforms except known mobile ones.
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || \
+    GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+#  define GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION 0
+# else
+#  define GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION 1
+# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
+
+// Determines whether to support death tests.
+// Google Test does not support death tests for VC 7.1 and earlier as
+// abort() in a VC 7.1 application compiled as GUI in debug config
+// pops up a dialog window that cannot be suppressed programmatically.
+#if (GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_CYGWIN || GTEST_OS_SOLARIS || \
+     (GTEST_OS_MAC && !GTEST_OS_IOS) || \
+     (GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP && _MSC_VER >= 1400) || \
+     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW || GTEST_OS_AIX || GTEST_OS_HPUX || \
+     GTEST_OS_OPENBSD || GTEST_OS_QNX || GTEST_OS_FREEBSD)
+# define GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST 1
+#endif
+
+// We don't support MSVC 7.1 with exceptions disabled now.  Therefore
+// all the compilers we care about are adequate for supporting
+// value-parameterized tests.
+#define GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST 1
+
+// Determines whether to support type-driven tests.
+
+// Typed tests need <typeinfo> and variadic macros, which GCC, VC++ 8.0,
+// Sun Pro CC, IBM Visual Age, and HP aCC support.
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || (_MSC_VER >= 1400) || defined(__SUNPRO_CC) || \
+    defined(__IBMCPP__) || defined(__HP_aCC)
+# define GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P 1
+#endif
+
+// Determines whether to support Combine(). This only makes sense when
+// value-parameterized tests are enabled.  The implementation doesn't
+// work on Sun Studio since it doesn't understand templated conversion
+// operators.
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST && GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE && !defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
+# define GTEST_HAS_COMBINE 1
+#endif
+
+// Determines whether the system compiler uses UTF-16 for encoding wide strings.
+#define GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_ \
+    (GTEST_OS_WINDOWS || GTEST_OS_CYGWIN || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || GTEST_OS_AIX)
+
+// Determines whether test results can be streamed to a socket.
+#if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+# define GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_ 1
+#endif
+
+// Defines some utility macros.
+
+// The GNU compiler emits a warning if nested "if" statements are followed by
+// an "else" statement and braces are not used to explicitly disambiguate the
+// "else" binding.  This leads to problems with code like:
+//
+//   if (gate)
+//     ASSERT_*(condition) << "Some message";
+//
+// The "switch (0) case 0:" idiom is used to suppress this.
+#ifdef __INTEL_COMPILER
+# define GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_
+#else
+# define GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ switch (0) case 0: default:  // NOLINT
+#endif
+
+// Use this annotation at the end of a struct/class definition to
+// prevent the compiler from optimizing away instances that are never
+// used.  This is useful when all interesting logic happens inside the
+// c'tor and / or d'tor.  Example:
+//
+//   struct Foo {
+//     Foo() { ... }
+//   } GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;
+//
+// Also use it after a variable or parameter declaration to tell the
+// compiler the variable/parameter does not have to be used.
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(COMPILER_ICC)
+# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ __attribute__ ((unused))
+#elif defined(__clang__)
+# if __has_attribute(unused)
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ __attribute__ ((unused))
+# endif
+#endif
+#ifndef GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
+# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
+#endif
+
+// A macro to disallow operator=
+// This should be used in the private: declarations for a class.
+#define GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(type)\
+  void operator=(type const &)
+
+// A macro to disallow copy constructor and operator=
+// This should be used in the private: declarations for a class.
+#define GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(type)\
+  type(type const &);\
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(type)
+
+// Tell the compiler to warn about unused return values for functions declared
+// with this macro.  The macro should be used on function declarations
+// following the argument list:
+//
+//   Sprocket* AllocateSprocket() GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_;
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 30400) && !defined(COMPILER_ICC)
+# define GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_ __attribute__ ((warn_unused_result))
+#else
+# define GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_
+#endif  // __GNUC__ && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 30400) && !COMPILER_ICC
+
+// MS C++ compiler emits warning when a conditional expression is compile time
+// constant. In some contexts this warning is false positive and needs to be
+// suppressed. Use the following two macros in such cases:
+//
+// GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_()
+// while (true) {
+// GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_()
+// }
+# define GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_() \
+    GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4127)
+# define GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_() \
+    GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+
+// Determine whether the compiler supports Microsoft's Structured Exception
+// Handling.  This is supported by several Windows compilers but generally
+// does not exist on any other system.
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_SEH
+// The user didn't tell us, so we need to figure it out.
+
+# if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
+// These two compilers are known to support SEH.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_SEH 1
+# else
+// Assume no SEH.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_SEH 0
+# endif
+
+#define GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE \
+    (GTEST_HAS_MUTEX_AND_THREAD_LOCAL_ \
+     || (GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT) \
+     || GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD)
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+# if GTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY
+#  define GTEST_API_ __declspec(dllimport)
+# elif GTEST_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY
+#  define GTEST_API_ __declspec(dllexport)
+# endif
+#elif __GNUC__ >= 4 || defined(__clang__)
+# define GTEST_API_ __attribute__((visibility ("default")))
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+
+#ifndef GTEST_API_
+# define GTEST_API_
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+// Ask the compiler to never inline a given function.
+# define GTEST_NO_INLINE_ __attribute__((noinline))
+#else
+# define GTEST_NO_INLINE_
+#endif
+
+// _LIBCPP_VERSION is defined by the libc++ library from the LLVM project.
+#if defined(__GLIBCXX__) || defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
+# define GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ 1
+#else
+# define GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ 0
+#endif
+
+// A function level attribute to disable checking for use of uninitialized
+// memory when built with MemorySanitizer.
+#if defined(__clang__)
+# if __has_feature(memory_sanitizer)
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_ \
+       __attribute__((no_sanitize_memory))
+# else
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
+# endif  // __has_feature(memory_sanitizer)
+#else
+# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
+#endif  // __clang__
+
+// A function level attribute to disable AddressSanitizer instrumentation.
+#if defined(__clang__)
+# if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_ \
+       __attribute__((no_sanitize_address))
+# else
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
+# endif  // __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
+#else
+# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
+#endif  // __clang__
+
+// A function level attribute to disable ThreadSanitizer instrumentation.
+#if defined(__clang__)
+# if __has_feature(thread_sanitizer)
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_ \
+       __attribute__((no_sanitize_thread))
+# else
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
+# endif  // __has_feature(thread_sanitizer)
+#else
+# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
+#endif  // __clang__
+
+namespace testing {
+
+class Message;
+
+#if defined(GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_)
+// Import tuple and friends into the ::testing namespace.
+// It is part of our interface, having them in ::testing allows us to change
+// their types as needed.
+using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::get;
+using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::make_tuple;
+using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::tuple;
+using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::tuple_size;
+using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::tuple_element;
+#endif  // defined(GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_)
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// A secret type that Google Test users don't know about.  It has no
+// definition on purpose.  Therefore it's impossible to create a
+// Secret object, which is what we want.
+class Secret;
+
+// The GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_ macro can be used to verify that a compile time
+// expression is true. For example, you could use it to verify the
+// size of a static array:
+//
+//   GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(GTEST_ARRAY_SIZE_(names) == NUM_NAMES,
+//                         names_incorrect_size);
+//
+// or to make sure a struct is smaller than a certain size:
+//
+//   GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(sizeof(foo) < 128, foo_too_large);
+//
+// The second argument to the macro is the name of the variable. If
+// the expression is false, most compilers will issue a warning/error
+// containing the name of the variable.
+
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+# define GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(expr, msg) static_assert(expr, #msg)
+#else  // !GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+template <bool>
+  struct CompileAssert {
+};
+
+# define GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(expr, msg) \
+  typedef ::testing::internal::CompileAssert<(static_cast<bool>(expr))> \
+      msg[static_cast<bool>(expr) ? 1 : -1] GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
+#endif  // !GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+
+// Implementation details of GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_:
+//
+// (In C++11, we simply use static_assert instead of the following)
+//
+// - GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_ works by defining an array type that has -1
+//   elements (and thus is invalid) when the expression is false.
+//
+// - The simpler definition
+//
+//    #define GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(expr, msg) typedef char msg[(expr) ? 1 : -1]
+//
+//   does not work, as gcc supports variable-length arrays whose sizes
+//   are determined at run-time (this is gcc's extension and not part
+//   of the C++ standard).  As a result, gcc fails to reject the
+//   following code with the simple definition:
+//
+//     int foo;
+//     GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(foo, msg); // not supposed to compile as foo is
+//                                      // not a compile-time constant.
+//
+// - By using the type CompileAssert<(bool(expr))>, we ensures that
+//   expr is a compile-time constant.  (Template arguments must be
+//   determined at compile-time.)
+//
+// - The outter parentheses in CompileAssert<(bool(expr))> are necessary
+//   to work around a bug in gcc 3.4.4 and 4.0.1.  If we had written
+//
+//     CompileAssert<bool(expr)>
+//
+//   instead, these compilers will refuse to compile
+//
+//     GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(5 > 0, some_message);
+//
+//   (They seem to think the ">" in "5 > 0" marks the end of the
+//   template argument list.)
+//
+// - The array size is (bool(expr) ? 1 : -1), instead of simply
+//
+//     ((expr) ? 1 : -1).
+//
+//   This is to avoid running into a bug in MS VC 7.1, which
+//   causes ((0.0) ? 1 : -1) to incorrectly evaluate to 1.
+
+// StaticAssertTypeEqHelper is used by StaticAssertTypeEq defined in gtest.h.
+//
+// This template is declared, but intentionally undefined.
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+struct StaticAssertTypeEqHelper;
+
+template <typename T>
+struct StaticAssertTypeEqHelper<T, T> {
+  enum { value = true };
+};
+
+// Evaluates to the number of elements in 'array'.
+#define GTEST_ARRAY_SIZE_(array) (sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]))
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+typedef ::string string;
+#else
+typedef ::std::string string;
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+typedef ::wstring wstring;
+#elif GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+typedef ::std::wstring wstring;
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+
+// A helper for suppressing warnings on constant condition.  It just
+// returns 'condition'.
+GTEST_API_ bool IsTrue(bool condition);
+
+// Defines scoped_ptr.
+
+// This implementation of scoped_ptr is PARTIAL - it only contains
+// enough stuff to satisfy Google Test's need.
+template <typename T>
+class scoped_ptr {
+ public:
+  typedef T element_type;
+
+  explicit scoped_ptr(T* p = NULL) : ptr_(p) {}
+  ~scoped_ptr() { reset(); }
+
+  T& operator*() const { return *ptr_; }
+  T* operator->() const { return ptr_; }
+  T* get() const { return ptr_; }
+
+  T* release() {
+    T* const ptr = ptr_;
+    ptr_ = NULL;
+    return ptr;
+  }
+
+  void reset(T* p = NULL) {
+    if (p != ptr_) {
+      if (IsTrue(sizeof(T) > 0)) {  // Makes sure T is a complete type.
+        delete ptr_;
+      }
+      ptr_ = p;
+    }
+  }
+
+  friend void swap(scoped_ptr& a, scoped_ptr& b) {
+    using std::swap;
+    swap(a.ptr_, b.ptr_);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  T* ptr_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(scoped_ptr);
+};
+
+// Defines RE.
+
+// A simple C++ wrapper for <regex.h>.  It uses the POSIX Extended
+// Regular Expression syntax.
+class GTEST_API_ RE {
+ public:
+  // A copy constructor is required by the Standard to initialize object
+  // references from r-values.
+  RE(const RE& other) { Init(other.pattern()); }
+
+  // Constructs an RE from a string.
+  RE(const ::std::string& regex) { Init(regex.c_str()); }  // NOLINT
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+  RE(const ::string& regex) { Init(regex.c_str()); }  // NOLINT
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+  RE(const char* regex) { Init(regex); }  // NOLINT
+  ~RE();
+
+  // Returns the string representation of the regex.
+  const char* pattern() const { return pattern_; }
+
+  // FullMatch(str, re) returns true iff regular expression re matches
+  // the entire str.
+  // PartialMatch(str, re) returns true iff regular expression re
+  // matches a substring of str (including str itself).
+  //
+  // TODO(wan@google.com): make FullMatch() and PartialMatch() work
+  // when str contains NUL characters.
+  static bool FullMatch(const ::std::string& str, const RE& re) {
+    return FullMatch(str.c_str(), re);
+  }
+  static bool PartialMatch(const ::std::string& str, const RE& re) {
+    return PartialMatch(str.c_str(), re);
+  }
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+  static bool FullMatch(const ::string& str, const RE& re) {
+    return FullMatch(str.c_str(), re);
+  }
+  static bool PartialMatch(const ::string& str, const RE& re) {
+    return PartialMatch(str.c_str(), re);
+  }
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+  static bool FullMatch(const char* str, const RE& re);
+  static bool PartialMatch(const char* str, const RE& re);
+
+ private:
+  void Init(const char* regex);
+
+  // We use a const char* instead of an std::string, as Google Test used to be
+  // used where std::string is not available.  TODO(wan@google.com): change to
+  // std::string.
+  const char* pattern_;
+  bool is_valid_;
+
+#if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
+
+  regex_t full_regex_;     // For FullMatch().
+  regex_t partial_regex_;  // For PartialMatch().
+
+#else  // GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
+
+  const char* full_pattern_;  // For FullMatch();
+
+#endif
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(RE);
+};
+
+// Formats a source file path and a line number as they would appear
+// in an error message from the compiler used to compile this code.
+GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatFileLocation(const char* file, int line);
+
+// Formats a file location for compiler-independent XML output.
+// Although this function is not platform dependent, we put it next to
+// FormatFileLocation in order to contrast the two functions.
+GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(const char* file,
+                                                               int line);
+
+// Defines logging utilities:
+//   GTEST_LOG_(severity) - logs messages at the specified severity level. The
+//                          message itself is streamed into the macro.
+//   LogToStderr()  - directs all log messages to stderr.
+//   FlushInfoLog() - flushes informational log messages.
+
+enum GTestLogSeverity {
+  GTEST_INFO,
+  GTEST_WARNING,
+  GTEST_ERROR,
+  GTEST_FATAL
+};
+
+// Formats log entry severity, provides a stream object for streaming the
+// log message, and terminates the message with a newline when going out of
+// scope.
+class GTEST_API_ GTestLog {
+ public:
+  GTestLog(GTestLogSeverity severity, const char* file, int line);
+
+  // Flushes the buffers and, if severity is GTEST_FATAL, aborts the program.
+  ~GTestLog();
+
+  ::std::ostream& GetStream() { return ::std::cerr; }
+
+ private:
+  const GTestLogSeverity severity_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(GTestLog);
+};
+
+#if !defined(GTEST_LOG_)
+
+# define GTEST_LOG_(severity) \
+    ::testing::internal::GTestLog(::testing::internal::GTEST_##severity, \
+                                  __FILE__, __LINE__).GetStream()
+
+inline void LogToStderr() {}
+inline void FlushInfoLog() { fflush(NULL); }
+
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_LOG_)
+
+#if !defined(GTEST_CHECK_)
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE.
+//
+// GTEST_CHECK_ is an all-mode assert. It aborts the program if the condition
+// is not satisfied.
+//  Synopsys:
+//    GTEST_CHECK_(boolean_condition);
+//     or
+//    GTEST_CHECK_(boolean_condition) << "Additional message";
+//
+//    This checks the condition and if the condition is not satisfied
+//    it prints message about the condition violation, including the
+//    condition itself, plus additional message streamed into it, if any,
+//    and then it aborts the program. It aborts the program irrespective of
+//    whether it is built in the debug mode or not.
+# define GTEST_CHECK_(condition) \
+    GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
+    if (::testing::internal::IsTrue(condition)) \
+      ; \
+    else \
+      GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Condition " #condition " failed. "
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_CHECK_)
+
+// An all-mode assert to verify that the given POSIX-style function
+// call returns 0 (indicating success).  Known limitation: this
+// doesn't expand to a balanced 'if' statement, so enclose the macro
+// in {} if you need to use it as the only statement in an 'if'
+// branch.
+#define GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(posix_call) \
+  if (const int gtest_error = (posix_call)) \
+    GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << #posix_call << "failed with error " \
+                      << gtest_error
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
+using std::move;
+#else  // GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
+template <typename T>
+const T& move(const T& t) {
+  return t;
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
+
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
+//
+// Use ImplicitCast_ as a safe version of static_cast for upcasting in
+// the type hierarchy (e.g. casting a Foo* to a SuperclassOfFoo* or a
+// const Foo*).  When you use ImplicitCast_, the compiler checks that
+// the cast is safe.  Such explicit ImplicitCast_s are necessary in
+// surprisingly many situations where C++ demands an exact type match
+// instead of an argument type convertable to a target type.
+//
+// The syntax for using ImplicitCast_ is the same as for static_cast:
+//
+//   ImplicitCast_<ToType>(expr)
+//
+// ImplicitCast_ would have been part of the C++ standard library,
+// but the proposal was submitted too late.  It will probably make
+// its way into the language in the future.
+//
+// This relatively ugly name is intentional. It prevents clashes with
+// similar functions users may have (e.g., implicit_cast). The internal
+// namespace alone is not enough because the function can be found by ADL.
+template<typename To>
+inline To ImplicitCast_(To x) { return x; }
+
+// When you upcast (that is, cast a pointer from type Foo to type
+// SuperclassOfFoo), it's fine to use ImplicitCast_<>, since upcasts
+// always succeed.  When you downcast (that is, cast a pointer from
+// type Foo to type SubclassOfFoo), static_cast<> isn't safe, because
+// how do you know the pointer is really of type SubclassOfFoo?  It
+// could be a bare Foo, or of type DifferentSubclassOfFoo.  Thus,
+// when you downcast, you should use this macro.  In debug mode, we
+// use dynamic_cast<> to double-check the downcast is legal (we die
+// if it's not).  In normal mode, we do the efficient static_cast<>
+// instead.  Thus, it's important to test in debug mode to make sure
+// the cast is legal!
+//    This is the only place in the code we should use dynamic_cast<>.
+// In particular, you SHOULDN'T be using dynamic_cast<> in order to
+// do RTTI (eg code like this:
+//    if (dynamic_cast<Subclass1>(foo)) HandleASubclass1Object(foo);
+//    if (dynamic_cast<Subclass2>(foo)) HandleASubclass2Object(foo);
+// You should design the code some other way not to need this.
+//
+// This relatively ugly name is intentional. It prevents clashes with
+// similar functions users may have (e.g., down_cast). The internal
+// namespace alone is not enough because the function can be found by ADL.
+template<typename To, typename From>  // use like this: DownCast_<T*>(foo);
+inline To DownCast_(From* f) {  // so we only accept pointers
+  // Ensures that To is a sub-type of From *.  This test is here only
+  // for compile-time type checking, and has no overhead in an
+  // optimized build at run-time, as it will be optimized away
+  // completely.
+  GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_()
+  if (false) {
+  GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_()
+    const To to = NULL;
+    ::testing::internal::ImplicitCast_<From*>(to);
+  }
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
+  // RTTI: debug mode only!
+  GTEST_CHECK_(f == NULL || dynamic_cast<To>(f) != NULL);
+#endif
+  return static_cast<To>(f);
+}
+
+// Downcasts the pointer of type Base to Derived.
+// Derived must be a subclass of Base. The parameter MUST
+// point to a class of type Derived, not any subclass of it.
+// When RTTI is available, the function performs a runtime
+// check to enforce this.
+template <class Derived, class Base>
+Derived* CheckedDowncastToActualType(Base* base) {
+#if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
+  GTEST_CHECK_(typeid(*base) == typeid(Derived));
+#endif
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_DOWNCAST_
+  return ::down_cast<Derived*>(base);
+#elif GTEST_HAS_RTTI
+  return dynamic_cast<Derived*>(base);  // NOLINT
+#else
+  return static_cast<Derived*>(base);  // Poor man's downcast.
+#endif
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
+
+// Defines the stderr capturer:
+//   CaptureStdout     - starts capturing stdout.
+//   GetCapturedStdout - stops capturing stdout and returns the captured string.
+//   CaptureStderr     - starts capturing stderr.
+//   GetCapturedStderr - stops capturing stderr and returns the captured string.
+//
+GTEST_API_ void CaptureStdout();
+GTEST_API_ std::string GetCapturedStdout();
+GTEST_API_ void CaptureStderr();
+GTEST_API_ std::string GetCapturedStderr();
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
+
+// Returns a path to temporary directory.
+GTEST_API_ std::string TempDir();
+
+// Returns the size (in bytes) of a file.
+GTEST_API_ size_t GetFileSize(FILE* file);
+
+// Reads the entire content of a file as a string.
+GTEST_API_ std::string ReadEntireFile(FILE* file);
+
+// All command line arguments.
+GTEST_API_ const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>& GetArgvs();
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>& GetInjectableArgvs();
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>*
+                             new_argvs);
+
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+// Defines synchronization primitives.
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+# if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+// Sleeps for (roughly) n milliseconds.  This function is only for testing
+// Google Test's own constructs.  Don't use it in user tests, either
+// directly or indirectly.
+inline void SleepMilliseconds(int n) {
+  const timespec time = {
+    0,                  // 0 seconds.
+    n * 1000L * 1000L,  // And n ms.
+  };
+  nanosleep(&time, NULL);
+}
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+
+# if GTEST_HAS_NOTIFICATION_
+// Notification has already been imported into the namespace.
+// Nothing to do here.
+
+# elif GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+// Allows a controller thread to pause execution of newly created
+// threads until notified.  Instances of this class must be created
+// and destroyed in the controller thread.
+//
+// This class is only for testing Google Test's own constructs. Do not
+// use it in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
+class Notification {
+ public:
+  Notification() : notified_(false) {
+    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_init(&mutex_, NULL));
+  }
+  ~Notification() {
+    pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex_);
+  }
+
+  // Notifies all threads created with this notification to start. Must
+  // be called from the controller thread.
+  void Notify() {
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_);
+    notified_ = true;
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_);
+  }
+
+  // Blocks until the controller thread notifies. Must be called from a test
+  // thread.
+  void WaitForNotification() {
+    for (;;) {
+      pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_);
+      const bool notified = notified_;
+      pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_);
+      if (notified)
+        break;
+      SleepMilliseconds(10);
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  pthread_mutex_t mutex_;
+  bool notified_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Notification);
+};
+
+# elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+
+GTEST_API_ void SleepMilliseconds(int n);
+
+// Provides leak-safe Windows kernel handle ownership.
+// Used in death tests and in threading support.
+class GTEST_API_ AutoHandle {
+ public:
+  // Assume that Win32 HANDLE type is equivalent to void*. Doing so allows us to
+  // avoid including <windows.h> in this header file. Including <windows.h> is
+  // undesirable because it defines a lot of symbols and macros that tend to
+  // conflict with client code. This assumption is verified by
+  // WindowsTypesTest.HANDLEIsVoidStar.
+  typedef void* Handle;
+  AutoHandle();
+  explicit AutoHandle(Handle handle);
+
+  ~AutoHandle();
+
+  Handle Get() const;
+  void Reset();
+  void Reset(Handle handle);
+
+ private:
+  // Returns true iff the handle is a valid handle object that can be closed.
+  bool IsCloseable() const;
+
+  Handle handle_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(AutoHandle);
+};
+
+// Allows a controller thread to pause execution of newly created
+// threads until notified.  Instances of this class must be created
+// and destroyed in the controller thread.
+//
+// This class is only for testing Google Test's own constructs. Do not
+// use it in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
+class GTEST_API_ Notification {
+ public:
+  Notification();
+  void Notify();
+  void WaitForNotification();
+
+ private:
+  AutoHandle event_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Notification);
+};
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_NOTIFICATION_
+
+// On MinGW, we can have both GTEST_OS_WINDOWS and GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+// defined, but we don't want to use MinGW's pthreads implementation, which
+// has conformance problems with some versions of the POSIX standard.
+# if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
+
+// As a C-function, ThreadFuncWithCLinkage cannot be templated itself.
+// Consequently, it cannot select a correct instantiation of ThreadWithParam
+// in order to call its Run(). Introducing ThreadWithParamBase as a
+// non-templated base class for ThreadWithParam allows us to bypass this
+// problem.
+class ThreadWithParamBase {
+ public:
+  virtual ~ThreadWithParamBase() {}
+  virtual void Run() = 0;
+};
+
+// pthread_create() accepts a pointer to a function type with the C linkage.
+// According to the Standard (7.5/1), function types with different linkages
+// are different even if they are otherwise identical.  Some compilers (for
+// example, SunStudio) treat them as different types.  Since class methods
+// cannot be defined with C-linkage we need to define a free C-function to
+// pass into pthread_create().
+extern "C" inline void* ThreadFuncWithCLinkage(void* thread) {
+  static_cast<ThreadWithParamBase*>(thread)->Run();
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+// Helper class for testing Google Test's multi-threading constructs.
+// To use it, write:
+//
+//   void ThreadFunc(int param) { /* Do things with param */ }
+//   Notification thread_can_start;
+//   ...
+//   // The thread_can_start parameter is optional; you can supply NULL.
+//   ThreadWithParam<int> thread(&ThreadFunc, 5, &thread_can_start);
+//   thread_can_start.Notify();
+//
+// These classes are only for testing Google Test's own constructs. Do
+// not use them in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
+template <typename T>
+class ThreadWithParam : public ThreadWithParamBase {
+ public:
+  typedef void UserThreadFunc(T);
+
+  ThreadWithParam(UserThreadFunc* func, T param, Notification* thread_can_start)
+      : func_(func),
+        param_(param),
+        thread_can_start_(thread_can_start),
+        finished_(false) {
+    ThreadWithParamBase* const base = this;
+    // The thread can be created only after all fields except thread_
+    // have been initialized.
+    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(
+        pthread_create(&thread_, 0, &ThreadFuncWithCLinkage, base));
+  }
+  ~ThreadWithParam() { Join(); }
+
+  void Join() {
+    if (!finished_) {
+      GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_join(thread_, 0));
+      finished_ = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  virtual void Run() {
+    if (thread_can_start_ != NULL)
+      thread_can_start_->WaitForNotification();
+    func_(param_);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  UserThreadFunc* const func_;  // User-supplied thread function.
+  const T param_;  // User-supplied parameter to the thread function.
+  // When non-NULL, used to block execution until the controller thread
+  // notifies.
+  Notification* const thread_can_start_;
+  bool finished_;  // true iff we know that the thread function has finished.
+  pthread_t thread_;  // The native thread object.
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadWithParam);
+};
+# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD ||
+         // GTEST_HAS_MUTEX_AND_THREAD_LOCAL_
+
+# if GTEST_HAS_MUTEX_AND_THREAD_LOCAL_
+// Mutex and ThreadLocal have already been imported into the namespace.
+// Nothing to do here.
+
+# elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+
+// Mutex implements mutex on Windows platforms.  It is used in conjunction
+// with class MutexLock:
+//
+//   Mutex mutex;
+//   ...
+//   MutexLock lock(&mutex);  // Acquires the mutex and releases it at the
+//                            // end of the current scope.
+//
+// A static Mutex *must* be defined or declared using one of the following
+// macros:
+//   GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_some_mutex);
+//   GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_some_mutex);
+//
+// (A non-static Mutex is defined/declared in the usual way).
+class GTEST_API_ Mutex {
+ public:
+  enum MutexType { kStatic = 0, kDynamic = 1 };
+  // We rely on kStaticMutex being 0 as it is to what the linker initializes
+  // type_ in static mutexes.  critical_section_ will be initialized lazily
+  // in ThreadSafeLazyInit().
+  enum StaticConstructorSelector { kStaticMutex = 0 };
+
+  // This constructor intentionally does nothing.  It relies on type_ being
+  // statically initialized to 0 (effectively setting it to kStatic) and on
+  // ThreadSafeLazyInit() to lazily initialize the rest of the members.
+  explicit Mutex(StaticConstructorSelector /*dummy*/) {}
+
+  Mutex();
+  ~Mutex();
+
+  void Lock();
+
+  void Unlock();
+
+  // Does nothing if the current thread holds the mutex. Otherwise, crashes
+  // with high probability.
+  void AssertHeld();
+
+ private:
+  // Initializes owner_thread_id_ and critical_section_ in static mutexes.
+  void ThreadSafeLazyInit();
+
+  // Per http://blogs.msdn.com/b/oldnewthing/archive/2004/02/23/78395.aspx,
+  // we assume that 0 is an invalid value for thread IDs.
+  unsigned int owner_thread_id_;
+
+  // For static mutexes, we rely on these members being initialized to zeros
+  // by the linker.
+  MutexType type_;
+  long critical_section_init_phase_;  // NOLINT
+  _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION* critical_section_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Mutex);
+};
+
+# define GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
+    extern ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex
+
+# define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
+    ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex(::testing::internal::Mutex::kStaticMutex)
+
+// We cannot name this class MutexLock because the ctor declaration would
+// conflict with a macro named MutexLock, which is defined on some
+// platforms. That macro is used as a defensive measure to prevent against
+// inadvertent misuses of MutexLock like "MutexLock(&mu)" rather than
+// "MutexLock l(&mu)".  Hence the typedef trick below.
+class GTestMutexLock {
+ public:
+  explicit GTestMutexLock(Mutex* mutex)
+      : mutex_(mutex) { mutex_->Lock(); }
+
+  ~GTestMutexLock() { mutex_->Unlock(); }
+
+ private:
+  Mutex* const mutex_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(GTestMutexLock);
+};
+
+typedef GTestMutexLock MutexLock;
+
+// Base class for ValueHolder<T>.  Allows a caller to hold and delete a value
+// without knowing its type.
+class ThreadLocalValueHolderBase {
+ public:
+  virtual ~ThreadLocalValueHolderBase() {}
+};
+
+// Provides a way for a thread to send notifications to a ThreadLocal
+// regardless of its parameter type.
+class ThreadLocalBase {
+ public:
+  // Creates a new ValueHolder<T> object holding a default value passed to
+  // this ThreadLocal<T>'s constructor and returns it.  It is the caller's
+  // responsibility not to call this when the ThreadLocal<T> instance already
+  // has a value on the current thread.
+  virtual ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* NewValueForCurrentThread() const = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  ThreadLocalBase() {}
+  virtual ~ThreadLocalBase() {}
+
+ private:
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadLocalBase);
+};
+
+// Maps a thread to a set of ThreadLocals that have values instantiated on that
+// thread and notifies them when the thread exits.  A ThreadLocal instance is
+// expected to persist until all threads it has values on have terminated.
+class GTEST_API_ ThreadLocalRegistry {
+ public:
+  // Registers thread_local_instance as having value on the current thread.
+  // Returns a value that can be used to identify the thread from other threads.
+  static ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* GetValueOnCurrentThread(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance);
+
+  // Invoked when a ThreadLocal instance is destroyed.
+  static void OnThreadLocalDestroyed(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance);
+};
+
+class GTEST_API_ ThreadWithParamBase {
+ public:
+  void Join();
+
+ protected:
+  class Runnable {
+   public:
+    virtual ~Runnable() {}
+    virtual void Run() = 0;
+  };
+
+  ThreadWithParamBase(Runnable *runnable, Notification* thread_can_start);
+  virtual ~ThreadWithParamBase();
+
+ private:
+  AutoHandle thread_;
+};
+
+// Helper class for testing Google Test's multi-threading constructs.
+template <typename T>
+class ThreadWithParam : public ThreadWithParamBase {
+ public:
+  typedef void UserThreadFunc(T);
+
+  ThreadWithParam(UserThreadFunc* func, T param, Notification* thread_can_start)
+      : ThreadWithParamBase(new RunnableImpl(func, param), thread_can_start) {
+  }
+  virtual ~ThreadWithParam() {}
+
+ private:
+  class RunnableImpl : public Runnable {
+   public:
+    RunnableImpl(UserThreadFunc* func, T param)
+        : func_(func),
+          param_(param) {
+    }
+    virtual ~RunnableImpl() {}
+    virtual void Run() {
+      func_(param_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    UserThreadFunc* const func_;
+    const T param_;
+
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(RunnableImpl);
+  };
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadWithParam);
+};
+
+// Implements thread-local storage on Windows systems.
+//
+//   // Thread 1
+//   ThreadLocal<int> tl(100);  // 100 is the default value for each thread.
+//
+//   // Thread 2
+//   tl.set(150);  // Changes the value for thread 2 only.
+//   EXPECT_EQ(150, tl.get());
+//
+//   // Thread 1
+//   EXPECT_EQ(100, tl.get());  // In thread 1, tl has the original value.
+//   tl.set(200);
+//   EXPECT_EQ(200, tl.get());
+//
+// The template type argument T must have a public copy constructor.
+// In addition, the default ThreadLocal constructor requires T to have
+// a public default constructor.
+//
+// The users of a TheadLocal instance have to make sure that all but one
+// threads (including the main one) using that instance have exited before
+// destroying it. Otherwise, the per-thread objects managed for them by the
+// ThreadLocal instance are not guaranteed to be destroyed on all platforms.
+//
+// Google Test only uses global ThreadLocal objects.  That means they
+// will die after main() has returned.  Therefore, no per-thread
+// object managed by Google Test will be leaked as long as all threads
+// using Google Test have exited when main() returns.
+template <typename T>
+class ThreadLocal : public ThreadLocalBase {
+ public:
+  ThreadLocal() : default_factory_(new DefaultValueHolderFactory()) {}
+  explicit ThreadLocal(const T& value)
+      : default_factory_(new InstanceValueHolderFactory(value)) {}
+
+  ~ThreadLocal() { ThreadLocalRegistry::OnThreadLocalDestroyed(this); }
+
+  T* pointer() { return GetOrCreateValue(); }
+  const T* pointer() const { return GetOrCreateValue(); }
+  const T& get() const { return *pointer(); }
+  void set(const T& value) { *pointer() = value; }
+
+ private:
+  // Holds a value of T.  Can be deleted via its base class without the caller
+  // knowing the type of T.
+  class ValueHolder : public ThreadLocalValueHolderBase {
+   public:
+    ValueHolder() : value_() {}
+    explicit ValueHolder(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
+
+    T* pointer() { return &value_; }
+
+   private:
+    T value_;
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ValueHolder);
+  };
+
+
+  T* GetOrCreateValue() const {
+    return static_cast<ValueHolder*>(
+        ThreadLocalRegistry::GetValueOnCurrentThread(this))->pointer();
+  }
+
+  virtual ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* NewValueForCurrentThread() const {
+    return default_factory_->MakeNewHolder();
+  }
+
+  class ValueHolderFactory {
+   public:
+    ValueHolderFactory() {}
+    virtual ~ValueHolderFactory() {}
+    virtual ValueHolder* MakeNewHolder() const = 0;
+
+   private:
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ValueHolderFactory);
+  };
+
+  class DefaultValueHolderFactory : public ValueHolderFactory {
+   public:
+    DefaultValueHolderFactory() {}
+    virtual ValueHolder* MakeNewHolder() const { return new ValueHolder(); }
+
+   private:
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(DefaultValueHolderFactory);
+  };
+
+  class InstanceValueHolderFactory : public ValueHolderFactory {
+   public:
+    explicit InstanceValueHolderFactory(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
+    virtual ValueHolder* MakeNewHolder() const {
+      return new ValueHolder(value_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    const T value_;  // The value for each thread.
+
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(InstanceValueHolderFactory);
+  };
+
+  scoped_ptr<ValueHolderFactory> default_factory_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadLocal);
+};
+
+# elif GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+
+// MutexBase and Mutex implement mutex on pthreads-based platforms.
+class MutexBase {
+ public:
+  // Acquires this mutex.
+  void Lock() {
+    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_));
+    owner_ = pthread_self();
+    has_owner_ = true;
+  }
+
+  // Releases this mutex.
+  void Unlock() {
+    // Since the lock is being released the owner_ field should no longer be
+    // considered valid. We don't protect writing to has_owner_ here, as it's
+    // the caller's responsibility to ensure that the current thread holds the
+    // mutex when this is called.
+    has_owner_ = false;
+    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_));
+  }
+
+  // Does nothing if the current thread holds the mutex. Otherwise, crashes
+  // with high probability.
+  void AssertHeld() const {
+    GTEST_CHECK_(has_owner_ && pthread_equal(owner_, pthread_self()))
+        << "The current thread is not holding the mutex @" << this;
+  }
+
+  // A static mutex may be used before main() is entered.  It may even
+  // be used before the dynamic initialization stage.  Therefore we
+  // must be able to initialize a static mutex object at link time.
+  // This means MutexBase has to be a POD and its member variables
+  // have to be public.
+ public:
+  pthread_mutex_t mutex_;  // The underlying pthread mutex.
+  // has_owner_ indicates whether the owner_ field below contains a valid thread
+  // ID and is therefore safe to inspect (e.g., to use in pthread_equal()). All
+  // accesses to the owner_ field should be protected by a check of this field.
+  // An alternative might be to memset() owner_ to all zeros, but there's no
+  // guarantee that a zero'd pthread_t is necessarily invalid or even different
+  // from pthread_self().
+  bool has_owner_;
+  pthread_t owner_;  // The thread holding the mutex.
+};
+
+// Forward-declares a static mutex.
+#  define GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
+     extern ::testing::internal::MutexBase mutex
+
+// Defines and statically (i.e. at link time) initializes a static mutex.
+#  define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
+     ::testing::internal::MutexBase mutex = { PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, false, pthread_t() }
+
+// The Mutex class can only be used for mutexes created at runtime. It
+// shares its API with MutexBase otherwise.
+class Mutex : public MutexBase {
+ public:
+  Mutex() {
+    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_init(&mutex_, NULL));
+    has_owner_ = false;
+  }
+  ~Mutex() {
+    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex_));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Mutex);
+};
+
+// We cannot name this class MutexLock because the ctor declaration would
+// conflict with a macro named MutexLock, which is defined on some
+// platforms. That macro is used as a defensive measure to prevent against
+// inadvertent misuses of MutexLock like "MutexLock(&mu)" rather than
+// "MutexLock l(&mu)".  Hence the typedef trick below.
+class GTestMutexLock {
+ public:
+  explicit GTestMutexLock(MutexBase* mutex)
+      : mutex_(mutex) { mutex_->Lock(); }
+
+  ~GTestMutexLock() { mutex_->Unlock(); }
+
+ private:
+  MutexBase* const mutex_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(GTestMutexLock);
+};
+
+typedef GTestMutexLock MutexLock;
+
+// Helpers for ThreadLocal.
+
+// pthread_key_create() requires DeleteThreadLocalValue() to have
+// C-linkage.  Therefore it cannot be templatized to access
+// ThreadLocal<T>.  Hence the need for class
+// ThreadLocalValueHolderBase.
+class ThreadLocalValueHolderBase {
+ public:
+  virtual ~ThreadLocalValueHolderBase() {}
+};
+
+// Called by pthread to delete thread-local data stored by
+// pthread_setspecific().
+extern "C" inline void DeleteThreadLocalValue(void* value_holder) {
+  delete static_cast<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase*>(value_holder);
+}
+
+// Implements thread-local storage on pthreads-based systems.
+template <typename T>
+class ThreadLocal {
+ public:
+  ThreadLocal()
+      : key_(CreateKey()), default_factory_(new DefaultValueHolderFactory()) {}
+  explicit ThreadLocal(const T& value)
+      : key_(CreateKey()),
+        default_factory_(new InstanceValueHolderFactory(value)) {}
+
+  ~ThreadLocal() {
+    // Destroys the managed object for the current thread, if any.
+    DeleteThreadLocalValue(pthread_getspecific(key_));
+
+    // Releases resources associated with the key.  This will *not*
+    // delete managed objects for other threads.
+    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_key_delete(key_));
+  }
+
+  T* pointer() { return GetOrCreateValue(); }
+  const T* pointer() const { return GetOrCreateValue(); }
+  const T& get() const { return *pointer(); }
+  void set(const T& value) { *pointer() = value; }
+
+ private:
+  // Holds a value of type T.
+  class ValueHolder : public ThreadLocalValueHolderBase {
+   public:
+    ValueHolder() : value_() {}
+    explicit ValueHolder(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
+
+    T* pointer() { return &value_; }
+
+   private:
+    T value_;
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ValueHolder);
+  };
+
+  static pthread_key_t CreateKey() {
+    pthread_key_t key;
+    // When a thread exits, DeleteThreadLocalValue() will be called on
+    // the object managed for that thread.
+    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(
+        pthread_key_create(&key, &DeleteThreadLocalValue));
+    return key;
+  }
+
+  T* GetOrCreateValue() const {
+    ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* const holder =
+        static_cast<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase*>(pthread_getspecific(key_));
+    if (holder != NULL) {
+      return CheckedDowncastToActualType<ValueHolder>(holder)->pointer();
+    }
+
+    ValueHolder* const new_holder = default_factory_->MakeNewHolder();
+    ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* const holder_base = new_holder;
+    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_setspecific(key_, holder_base));
+    return new_holder->pointer();
+  }
+
+  class ValueHolderFactory {
+   public:
+    ValueHolderFactory() {}
+    virtual ~ValueHolderFactory() {}
+    virtual ValueHolder* MakeNewHolder() const = 0;
+
+   private:
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ValueHolderFactory);
+  };
+
+  class DefaultValueHolderFactory : public ValueHolderFactory {
+   public:
+    DefaultValueHolderFactory() {}
+    virtual ValueHolder* MakeNewHolder() const { return new ValueHolder(); }
+
+   private:
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(DefaultValueHolderFactory);
+  };
+
+  class InstanceValueHolderFactory : public ValueHolderFactory {
+   public:
+    explicit InstanceValueHolderFactory(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
+    virtual ValueHolder* MakeNewHolder() const {
+      return new ValueHolder(value_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    const T value_;  // The value for each thread.
+
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(InstanceValueHolderFactory);
+  };
+
+  // A key pthreads uses for looking up per-thread values.
+  const pthread_key_t key_;
+  scoped_ptr<ValueHolderFactory> default_factory_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadLocal);
+};
+
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_MUTEX_AND_THREAD_LOCAL_
+
+#else  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+
+// A dummy implementation of synchronization primitives (mutex, lock,
+// and thread-local variable).  Necessary for compiling Google Test where
+// mutex is not supported - using Google Test in multiple threads is not
+// supported on such platforms.
+
+class Mutex {
+ public:
+  Mutex() {}
+  void Lock() {}
+  void Unlock() {}
+  void AssertHeld() const {}
+};
+
+# define GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
+  extern ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex
+
+# define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex
+
+// We cannot name this class MutexLock because the ctor declaration would
+// conflict with a macro named MutexLock, which is defined on some
+// platforms. That macro is used as a defensive measure to prevent against
+// inadvertent misuses of MutexLock like "MutexLock(&mu)" rather than
+// "MutexLock l(&mu)".  Hence the typedef trick below.
+class GTestMutexLock {
+ public:
+  explicit GTestMutexLock(Mutex*) {}  // NOLINT
+};
+
+typedef GTestMutexLock MutexLock;
+
+template <typename T>
+class ThreadLocal {
+ public:
+  ThreadLocal() : value_() {}
+  explicit ThreadLocal(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
+  T* pointer() { return &value_; }
+  const T* pointer() const { return &value_; }
+  const T& get() const { return value_; }
+  void set(const T& value) { value_ = value; }
+ private:
+  T value_;
+};
+
+#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+
+// Returns the number of threads running in the process, or 0 to indicate that
+// we cannot detect it.
+GTEST_API_ size_t GetThreadCount();
+
+// Passing non-POD classes through ellipsis (...) crashes the ARM
+// compiler and generates a warning in Sun Studio.  The Nokia Symbian
+// and the IBM XL C/C++ compiler try to instantiate a copy constructor
+// for objects passed through ellipsis (...), failing for uncopyable
+// objects.  We define this to ensure that only POD is passed through
+// ellipsis on these systems.
+#if defined(__SYMBIAN32__) || defined(__IBMCPP__) || defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
+// We lose support for NULL detection where the compiler doesn't like
+// passing non-POD classes through ellipsis (...).
+# define GTEST_ELLIPSIS_NEEDS_POD_ 1
+#else
+# define GTEST_CAN_COMPARE_NULL 1
+#endif
+
+// The Nokia Symbian and IBM XL C/C++ compilers cannot decide between
+// const T& and const T* in a function template.  These compilers
+// _can_ decide between class template specializations for T and T*,
+// so a tr1::type_traits-like is_pointer works.
+#if defined(__SYMBIAN32__) || defined(__IBMCPP__)
+# define GTEST_NEEDS_IS_POINTER_ 1
+#endif
+
+template <bool bool_value>
+struct bool_constant {
+  typedef bool_constant<bool_value> type;
+  static const bool value = bool_value;
+};
+template <bool bool_value> const bool bool_constant<bool_value>::value;
+
+typedef bool_constant<false> false_type;
+typedef bool_constant<true> true_type;
+
+template <typename T>
+struct is_pointer : public false_type {};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct is_pointer<T*> : public true_type {};
+
+template <typename Iterator>
+struct IteratorTraits {
+  typedef typename Iterator::value_type value_type;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct IteratorTraits<T*> {
+  typedef T value_type;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct IteratorTraits<const T*> {
+  typedef T value_type;
+};
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# define GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "\\"
+# define GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_ 1
+// The biggest signed integer type the compiler supports.
+typedef __int64 BiggestInt;
+#else
+# define GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "/"
+# define GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_ 0
+typedef long long BiggestInt;  // NOLINT
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+// Utilities for char.
+
+// isspace(int ch) and friends accept an unsigned char or EOF.  char
+// may be signed, depending on the compiler (or compiler flags).
+// Therefore we need to cast a char to unsigned char before calling
+// isspace(), etc.
+
+inline bool IsAlpha(char ch) {
+  return isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
+}
+inline bool IsAlNum(char ch) {
+  return isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
+}
+inline bool IsDigit(char ch) {
+  return isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
+}
+inline bool IsLower(char ch) {
+  return islower(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
+}
+inline bool IsSpace(char ch) {
+  return isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
+}
+inline bool IsUpper(char ch) {
+  return isupper(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
+}
+inline bool IsXDigit(char ch) {
+  return isxdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
+}
+inline bool IsXDigit(wchar_t ch) {
+  const unsigned char low_byte = static_cast<unsigned char>(ch);
+  return ch == low_byte && isxdigit(low_byte) != 0;
+}
+
+inline char ToLower(char ch) {
+  return static_cast<char>(tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
+}
+inline char ToUpper(char ch) {
+  return static_cast<char>(toupper(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
+}
+
+inline std::string StripTrailingSpaces(std::string str) {
+  std::string::iterator it = str.end();
+  while (it != str.begin() && IsSpace(*--it))
+    it = str.erase(it);
+  return str;
+}
+
+// The testing::internal::posix namespace holds wrappers for common
+// POSIX functions.  These wrappers hide the differences between
+// Windows/MSVC and POSIX systems.  Since some compilers define these
+// standard functions as macros, the wrapper cannot have the same name
+// as the wrapped function.
+
+namespace posix {
+
+// Functions with a different name on Windows.
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+typedef struct _stat StatStruct;
+
+# ifdef __BORLANDC__
+inline int IsATTY(int fd) { return isatty(fd); }
+inline int StrCaseCmp(const char* s1, const char* s2) {
+  return stricmp(s1, s2);
+}
+inline char* StrDup(const char* src) { return strdup(src); }
+# else  // !__BORLANDC__
+#  if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+inline int IsATTY(int /* fd */) { return 0; }
+#  else
+inline int IsATTY(int fd) { return _isatty(fd); }
+#  endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+inline int StrCaseCmp(const char* s1, const char* s2) {
+  return _stricmp(s1, s2);
+}
+inline char* StrDup(const char* src) { return _strdup(src); }
+# endif  // __BORLANDC__
+
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+inline int FileNo(FILE* file) { return reinterpret_cast<int>(_fileno(file)); }
+// Stat(), RmDir(), and IsDir() are not needed on Windows CE at this
+// time and thus not defined there.
+# else
+inline int FileNo(FILE* file) { return _fileno(file); }
+inline int Stat(const char* path, StatStruct* buf) { return _stat(path, buf); }
+inline int RmDir(const char* dir) { return _rmdir(dir); }
+inline bool IsDir(const StatStruct& st) {
+  return (_S_IFDIR & st.st_mode) != 0;
+}
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+#else
+
+typedef struct stat StatStruct;
+
+inline int FileNo(FILE* file) { return fileno(file); }
+inline int IsATTY(int fd) { return isatty(fd); }
+inline int Stat(const char* path, StatStruct* buf) { return stat(path, buf); }
+inline int StrCaseCmp(const char* s1, const char* s2) {
+  return strcasecmp(s1, s2);
+}
+inline char* StrDup(const char* src) { return strdup(src); }
+inline int RmDir(const char* dir) { return rmdir(dir); }
+inline bool IsDir(const StatStruct& st) { return S_ISDIR(st.st_mode); }
+
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+// Functions deprecated by MSVC 8.0.
+
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4996 /* deprecated function */)
+
+inline const char* StrNCpy(char* dest, const char* src, size_t n) {
+  return strncpy(dest, src, n);
+}
+
+// ChDir(), FReopen(), FDOpen(), Read(), Write(), Close(), and
+// StrError() aren't needed on Windows CE at this time and thus not
+// defined there.
+
+#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+inline int ChDir(const char* dir) { return chdir(dir); }
+#endif
+inline FILE* FOpen(const char* path, const char* mode) {
+  return fopen(path, mode);
+}
+#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+inline FILE *FReopen(const char* path, const char* mode, FILE* stream) {
+  return freopen(path, mode, stream);
+}
+inline FILE* FDOpen(int fd, const char* mode) { return fdopen(fd, mode); }
+#endif
+inline int FClose(FILE* fp) { return fclose(fp); }
+#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+inline int Read(int fd, void* buf, unsigned int count) {
+  return static_cast<int>(read(fd, buf, count));
+}
+inline int Write(int fd, const void* buf, unsigned int count) {
+  return static_cast<int>(write(fd, buf, count));
+}
+inline int Close(int fd) { return close(fd); }
+inline const char* StrError(int errnum) { return strerror(errnum); }
+#endif
+inline const char* GetEnv(const char* name) {
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE | GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+  // We are on Windows CE, which has no environment variables.
+  static_cast<void>(name);  // To prevent 'unused argument' warning.
+  return NULL;
+#elif defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__SunOS_5_8) || defined(__SunOS_5_9)
+  // Environment variables which we programmatically clear will be set to the
+  // empty string rather than unset (NULL).  Handle that case.
+  const char* const env = getenv(name);
+  return (env != NULL && env[0] != '\0') ? env : NULL;
+#else
+  return getenv(name);
+#endif
+}
+
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+// Windows CE has no C library. The abort() function is used in
+// several places in Google Test. This implementation provides a reasonable
+// imitation of standard behaviour.
+void Abort();
+#else
+inline void Abort() { abort(); }
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+}  // namespace posix
+
+// MSVC "deprecates" snprintf and issues warnings wherever it is used.  In
+// order to avoid these warnings, we need to use _snprintf or _snprintf_s on
+// MSVC-based platforms.  We map the GTEST_SNPRINTF_ macro to the appropriate
+// function in order to achieve that.  We use macro definition here because
+// snprintf is a variadic function.
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1400 && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+// MSVC 2005 and above support variadic macros.
+# define GTEST_SNPRINTF_(buffer, size, format, ...) \
+     _snprintf_s(buffer, size, size, format, __VA_ARGS__)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+// Windows CE does not define _snprintf_s and MSVC prior to 2005 doesn't
+// complain about _snprintf.
+# define GTEST_SNPRINTF_ _snprintf
+#else
+# define GTEST_SNPRINTF_ snprintf
+#endif
+
+// The maximum number a BiggestInt can represent.  This definition
+// works no matter BiggestInt is represented in one's complement or
+// two's complement.
+//
+// We cannot rely on numeric_limits in STL, as __int64 and long long
+// are not part of standard C++ and numeric_limits doesn't need to be
+// defined for them.
+const BiggestInt kMaxBiggestInt =
+    ~(static_cast<BiggestInt>(1) << (8*sizeof(BiggestInt) - 1));
+
+// This template class serves as a compile-time function from size to
+// type.  It maps a size in bytes to a primitive type with that
+// size. e.g.
+//
+//   TypeWithSize<4>::UInt
+//
+// is typedef-ed to be unsigned int (unsigned integer made up of 4
+// bytes).
+//
+// Such functionality should belong to STL, but I cannot find it
+// there.
+//
+// Google Test uses this class in the implementation of floating-point
+// comparison.
+//
+// For now it only handles UInt (unsigned int) as that's all Google Test
+// needs.  Other types can be easily added in the future if need
+// arises.
+template <size_t size>
+class TypeWithSize {
+ public:
+  // This prevents the user from using TypeWithSize<N> with incorrect
+  // values of N.
+  typedef void UInt;
+};
+
+// The specialization for size 4.
+template <>
+class TypeWithSize<4> {
+ public:
+  // unsigned int has size 4 in both gcc and MSVC.
+  //
+  // As base/basictypes.h doesn't compile on Windows, we cannot use
+  // uint32, uint64, and etc here.
+  typedef int Int;
+  typedef unsigned int UInt;
+};
+
+// The specialization for size 8.
+template <>
+class TypeWithSize<8> {
+ public:
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  typedef __int64 Int;
+  typedef unsigned __int64 UInt;
+#else
+  typedef long long Int;  // NOLINT
+  typedef unsigned long long UInt;  // NOLINT
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+};
+
+// Integer types of known sizes.
+typedef TypeWithSize<4>::Int Int32;
+typedef TypeWithSize<4>::UInt UInt32;
+typedef TypeWithSize<8>::Int Int64;
+typedef TypeWithSize<8>::UInt UInt64;
+typedef TypeWithSize<8>::Int TimeInMillis;  // Represents time in milliseconds.
+
+// Utilities for command line flags and environment variables.
+
+// Macro for referencing flags.
+#if !defined(GTEST_FLAG)
+# define GTEST_FLAG(name) FLAGS_gtest_##name
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_FLAG)
+
+#if !defined(GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_)
+# define GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_ 1
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_)
+
+#if !defined(GTEST_DECLARE_bool_)
+# define GTEST_FLAG_SAVER_ ::testing::internal::GTestFlagSaver
+
+// Macros for declaring flags.
+# define GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(name) GTEST_API_ extern bool GTEST_FLAG(name)
+# define GTEST_DECLARE_int32_(name) \
+    GTEST_API_ extern ::testing::internal::Int32 GTEST_FLAG(name)
+#define GTEST_DECLARE_string_(name) \
+    GTEST_API_ extern ::std::string GTEST_FLAG(name)
+
+// Macros for defining flags.
+#define GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(name, default_val, doc) \
+    GTEST_API_ bool GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
+#define GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(name, default_val, doc) \
+    GTEST_API_ ::testing::internal::Int32 GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
+#define GTEST_DEFINE_string_(name, default_val, doc) \
+    GTEST_API_ ::std::string GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
+
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_DECLARE_bool_)
+
+// Thread annotations
+#if !defined(GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_)
+# define GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(locks)
+# define GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(locks)
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_)
+
+// Parses 'str' for a 32-bit signed integer.  If successful, writes the result
+// to *value and returns true; otherwise leaves *value unchanged and returns
+// false.
+// TODO(chandlerc): Find a better way to refactor flag and environment parsing
+// out of both gtest-port.cc and gtest.cc to avoid exporting this utility
+// function.
+bool ParseInt32(const Message& src_text, const char* str, Int32* value);
+
+// Parses a bool/Int32/string from the environment variable
+// corresponding to the given Google Test flag.
+bool BoolFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, bool default_val);
+GTEST_API_ Int32 Int32FromGTestEnv(const char* flag, Int32 default_val);
+std::string StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_val);
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace testing
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..97f1a7fdd2c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Authors: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan), eefacm@gmail.com (Sean Mcafee)
+//
+// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+//
+// This header file declares the String class and functions used internally by
+// Google Test.  They are subject to change without notice. They should not used
+// by code external to Google Test.
+//
+// This header file is #included by <gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h>.
+// It should not be #included by other files.
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_STRING_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_STRING_H_
+
+#ifdef __BORLANDC__
+// string.h is not guaranteed to provide strcpy on C++ Builder.
+# include <mem.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+
+namespace testing {
+namespace internal {
+
+// String - an abstract class holding static string utilities.
+class GTEST_API_ String {
+ public:
+  // Static utility methods
+
+  // Clones a 0-terminated C string, allocating memory using new.  The
+  // caller is responsible for deleting the return value using
+  // delete[].  Returns the cloned string, or NULL if the input is
+  // NULL.
+  //
+  // This is different from strdup() in string.h, which allocates
+  // memory using malloc().
+  static const char* CloneCString(const char* c_str);
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+  // Windows CE does not have the 'ANSI' versions of Win32 APIs. To be
+  // able to pass strings to Win32 APIs on CE we need to convert them
+  // to 'Unicode', UTF-16.
+
+  // Creates a UTF-16 wide string from the given ANSI string, allocating
+  // memory using new. The caller is responsible for deleting the return
+  // value using delete[]. Returns the wide string, or NULL if the
+  // input is NULL.
+  //
+  // The wide string is created using the ANSI codepage (CP_ACP) to
+  // match the behaviour of the ANSI versions of Win32 calls and the
+  // C runtime.
+  static LPCWSTR AnsiToUtf16(const char* c_str);
+
+  // Creates an ANSI string from the given wide string, allocating
+  // memory using new. The caller is responsible for deleting the return
+  // value using delete[]. Returns the ANSI string, or NULL if the
+  // input is NULL.
+  //
+  // The returned string is created using the ANSI codepage (CP_ACP) to
+  // match the behaviour of the ANSI versions of Win32 calls and the
+  // C runtime.
+  static const char* Utf16ToAnsi(LPCWSTR utf16_str);
+#endif
+
+  // Compares two C strings.  Returns true iff they have the same content.
+  //
+  // Unlike strcmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).  A
+  // NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
+  // including the empty string.
+  static bool CStringEquals(const char* lhs, const char* rhs);
+
+  // Converts a wide C string to a String using the UTF-8 encoding.
+  // NULL will be converted to "(null)".  If an error occurred during
+  // the conversion, "(failed to convert from wide string)" is
+  // returned.
+  static std::string ShowWideCString(const wchar_t* wide_c_str);
+
+  // Compares two wide C strings.  Returns true iff they have the same
+  // content.
+  //
+  // Unlike wcscmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).  A
+  // NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
+  // including the empty string.
+  static bool WideCStringEquals(const wchar_t* lhs, const wchar_t* rhs);
+
+  // Compares two C strings, ignoring case.  Returns true iff they
+  // have the same content.
+  //
+  // Unlike strcasecmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).
+  // A NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
+  // including the empty string.
+  static bool CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(const char* lhs,
+                                           const char* rhs);
+
+  // Compares two wide C strings, ignoring case.  Returns true iff they
+  // have the same content.
+  //
+  // Unlike wcscasecmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).
+  // A NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL wide C string,
+  // including the empty string.
+  // NB: The implementations on different platforms slightly differ.
+  // On windows, this method uses _wcsicmp which compares according to LC_CTYPE
+  // environment variable. On GNU platform this method uses wcscasecmp
+  // which compares according to LC_CTYPE category of the current locale.
+  // On MacOS X, it uses towlower, which also uses LC_CTYPE category of the
+  // current locale.
+  static bool CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(const wchar_t* lhs,
+                                               const wchar_t* rhs);
+
+  // Returns true iff the given string ends with the given suffix, ignoring
+  // case. Any string is considered to end with an empty suffix.
+  static bool EndsWithCaseInsensitive(
+      const std::string& str, const std::string& suffix);
+
+  // Formats an int value as "%02d".
+  static std::string FormatIntWidth2(int value);  // "%02d" for width == 2
+
+  // Formats an int value as "%X".
+  static std::string FormatHexInt(int value);
+
+  // Formats a byte as "%02X".
+  static std::string FormatByte(unsigned char value);
+
+ private:
+  String();  // Not meant to be instantiated.
+};  // class String
+
+// Gets the content of the stringstream's buffer as an std::string.  Each '\0'
+// character in the buffer is replaced with "\\0".
+GTEST_API_ std::string StringStreamToString(::std::stringstream* stream);
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace testing
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_STRING_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e9b405340a85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1020 @@
+// This file was GENERATED by command:
+//     pump.py gtest-tuple.h.pump
+// DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!!
+
+// Copyright 2009 Google Inc.
+// All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+// Implements a subset of TR1 tuple needed by Google Test and Google Mock.
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TUPLE_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TUPLE_H_
+
+#include <utility>  // For ::std::pair.
+
+// The compiler used in Symbian has a bug that prevents us from declaring the
+// tuple template as a friend (it complains that tuple is redefined).  This
+// hack bypasses the bug by declaring the members that should otherwise be
+// private as public.
+// Sun Studio versions < 12 also have the above bug.
+#if defined(__SYMBIAN32__) || (defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && __SUNPRO_CC < 0x590)
+# define GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_ public:
+#else
+# define GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_ \
+    template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(U)> friend class tuple; \
+   private:
+#endif
+
+// Visual Studio 2010, 2012, and 2013 define symbols in std::tr1 that conflict
+// with our own definitions. Therefore using our own tuple does not work on
+// those compilers.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1600  /* 1600 is Visual Studio 2010 */
+# error "gtest's tuple doesn't compile on Visual Studio 2010 or later. \
+GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE must be set to 0 on those compilers."
+#endif
+
+// GTEST_n_TUPLE_(T) is the type of an n-tuple.
+#define GTEST_0_TUPLE_(T) tuple<>
+#define GTEST_1_TUPLE_(T) tuple<T##0, void, void, void, void, void, void, \
+    void, void, void>
+#define GTEST_2_TUPLE_(T) tuple<T##0, T##1, void, void, void, void, void, \
+    void, void, void>
+#define GTEST_3_TUPLE_(T) tuple<T##0, T##1, T##2, void, void, void, void, \
+    void, void, void>
+#define GTEST_4_TUPLE_(T) tuple<T##0, T##1, T##2, T##3, void, void, void, \
+    void, void, void>
+#define GTEST_5_TUPLE_(T) tuple<T##0, T##1, T##2, T##3, T##4, void, void, \
+    void, void, void>
+#define GTEST_6_TUPLE_(T) tuple<T##0, T##1, T##2, T##3, T##4, T##5, void, \
+    void, void, void>
+#define GTEST_7_TUPLE_(T) tuple<T##0, T##1, T##2, T##3, T##4, T##5, T##6, \
+    void, void, void>
+#define GTEST_8_TUPLE_(T) tuple<T##0, T##1, T##2, T##3, T##4, T##5, T##6, \
+    T##7, void, void>
+#define GTEST_9_TUPLE_(T) tuple<T##0, T##1, T##2, T##3, T##4, T##5, T##6, \
+    T##7, T##8, void>
+#define GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) tuple<T##0, T##1, T##2, T##3, T##4, T##5, T##6, \
+    T##7, T##8, T##9>
+
+// GTEST_n_TYPENAMES_(T) declares a list of n typenames.
+#define GTEST_0_TYPENAMES_(T)
+#define GTEST_1_TYPENAMES_(T) typename T##0
+#define GTEST_2_TYPENAMES_(T) typename T##0, typename T##1
+#define GTEST_3_TYPENAMES_(T) typename T##0, typename T##1, typename T##2
+#define GTEST_4_TYPENAMES_(T) typename T##0, typename T##1, typename T##2, \
+    typename T##3
+#define GTEST_5_TYPENAMES_(T) typename T##0, typename T##1, typename T##2, \
+    typename T##3, typename T##4
+#define GTEST_6_TYPENAMES_(T) typename T##0, typename T##1, typename T##2, \
+    typename T##3, typename T##4, typename T##5
+#define GTEST_7_TYPENAMES_(T) typename T##0, typename T##1, typename T##2, \
+    typename T##3, typename T##4, typename T##5, typename T##6
+#define GTEST_8_TYPENAMES_(T) typename T##0, typename T##1, typename T##2, \
+    typename T##3, typename T##4, typename T##5, typename T##6, typename T##7
+#define GTEST_9_TYPENAMES_(T) typename T##0, typename T##1, typename T##2, \
+    typename T##3, typename T##4, typename T##5, typename T##6, \
+    typename T##7, typename T##8
+#define GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T) typename T##0, typename T##1, typename T##2, \
+    typename T##3, typename T##4, typename T##5, typename T##6, \
+    typename T##7, typename T##8, typename T##9
+
+// In theory, defining stuff in the ::std namespace is undefined
+// behavior.  We can do this as we are playing the role of a standard
+// library vendor.
+namespace std {
+namespace tr1 {
+
+template <typename T0 = void, typename T1 = void, typename T2 = void,
+    typename T3 = void, typename T4 = void, typename T5 = void,
+    typename T6 = void, typename T7 = void, typename T8 = void,
+    typename T9 = void>
+class tuple;
+
+// Anything in namespace gtest_internal is Google Test's INTERNAL
+// IMPLEMENTATION DETAIL and MUST NOT BE USED DIRECTLY in user code.
+namespace gtest_internal {
+
+// ByRef<T>::type is T if T is a reference; otherwise it's const T&.
+template <typename T>
+struct ByRef { typedef const T& type; };  // NOLINT
+template <typename T>
+struct ByRef<T&> { typedef T& type; };  // NOLINT
+
+// A handy wrapper for ByRef.
+#define GTEST_BY_REF_(T) typename ::std::tr1::gtest_internal::ByRef<T>::type
+
+// AddRef<T>::type is T if T is a reference; otherwise it's T&.  This
+// is the same as tr1::add_reference<T>::type.
+template <typename T>
+struct AddRef { typedef T& type; };  // NOLINT
+template <typename T>
+struct AddRef<T&> { typedef T& type; };  // NOLINT
+
+// A handy wrapper for AddRef.
+#define GTEST_ADD_REF_(T) typename ::std::tr1::gtest_internal::AddRef<T>::type
+
+// A helper for implementing get<k>().
+template <int k> class Get;
+
+// A helper for implementing tuple_element<k, T>.  kIndexValid is true
+// iff k < the number of fields in tuple type T.
+template <bool kIndexValid, int kIndex, class Tuple>
+struct TupleElement;
+
+template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+struct TupleElement<true, 0, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T0 type;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+struct TupleElement<true, 1, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T1 type;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+struct TupleElement<true, 2, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T2 type;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+struct TupleElement<true, 3, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T3 type;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+struct TupleElement<true, 4, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T4 type;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+struct TupleElement<true, 5, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T5 type;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+struct TupleElement<true, 6, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T6 type;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+struct TupleElement<true, 7, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T7 type;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+struct TupleElement<true, 8, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T8 type;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+struct TupleElement<true, 9, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T9 type;
+};
+
+}  // namespace gtest_internal
+
+template <>
+class tuple<> {
+ public:
+  tuple() {}
+  tuple(const tuple& /* t */)  {}
+  tuple& operator=(const tuple& /* t */) { return *this; }
+};
+
+template <GTEST_1_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+class GTEST_1_TUPLE_(T) {
+ public:
+  template <int k> friend class gtest_internal::Get;
+
+  tuple() : f0_() {}
+
+  explicit tuple(GTEST_BY_REF_(T0) f0) : f0_(f0) {}
+
+  tuple(const tuple& t) : f0_(t.f0_) {}
+
+  template <GTEST_1_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple(const GTEST_1_TUPLE_(U)& t) : f0_(t.f0_) {}
+
+  tuple& operator=(const tuple& t) { return CopyFrom(t); }
+
+  template <GTEST_1_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple& operator=(const GTEST_1_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
+    return CopyFrom(t);
+  }
+
+  GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_
+
+  template <GTEST_1_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple& CopyFrom(const GTEST_1_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
+    f0_ = t.f0_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  T0 f0_;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_2_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+class GTEST_2_TUPLE_(T) {
+ public:
+  template <int k> friend class gtest_internal::Get;
+
+  tuple() : f0_(), f1_() {}
+
+  explicit tuple(GTEST_BY_REF_(T0) f0, GTEST_BY_REF_(T1) f1) : f0_(f0),
+      f1_(f1) {}
+
+  tuple(const tuple& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_) {}
+
+  template <GTEST_2_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple(const GTEST_2_TUPLE_(U)& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_) {}
+  template <typename U0, typename U1>
+  tuple(const ::std::pair<U0, U1>& p) : f0_(p.first), f1_(p.second) {}
+
+  tuple& operator=(const tuple& t) { return CopyFrom(t); }
+
+  template <GTEST_2_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple& operator=(const GTEST_2_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
+    return CopyFrom(t);
+  }
+  template <typename U0, typename U1>
+  tuple& operator=(const ::std::pair<U0, U1>& p) {
+    f0_ = p.first;
+    f1_ = p.second;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_
+
+  template <GTEST_2_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple& CopyFrom(const GTEST_2_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
+    f0_ = t.f0_;
+    f1_ = t.f1_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  T0 f0_;
+  T1 f1_;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_3_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+class GTEST_3_TUPLE_(T) {
+ public:
+  template <int k> friend class gtest_internal::Get;
+
+  tuple() : f0_(), f1_(), f2_() {}
+
+  explicit tuple(GTEST_BY_REF_(T0) f0, GTEST_BY_REF_(T1) f1,
+      GTEST_BY_REF_(T2) f2) : f0_(f0), f1_(f1), f2_(f2) {}
+
+  tuple(const tuple& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_) {}
+
+  template <GTEST_3_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple(const GTEST_3_TUPLE_(U)& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_) {}
+
+  tuple& operator=(const tuple& t) { return CopyFrom(t); }
+
+  template <GTEST_3_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple& operator=(const GTEST_3_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
+    return CopyFrom(t);
+  }
+
+  GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_
+
+  template <GTEST_3_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple& CopyFrom(const GTEST_3_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
+    f0_ = t.f0_;
+    f1_ = t.f1_;
+    f2_ = t.f2_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  T0 f0_;
+  T1 f1_;
+  T2 f2_;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_4_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+class GTEST_4_TUPLE_(T) {
+ public:
+  template <int k> friend class gtest_internal::Get;
+
+  tuple() : f0_(), f1_(), f2_(), f3_() {}
+
+  explicit tuple(GTEST_BY_REF_(T0) f0, GTEST_BY_REF_(T1) f1,
+      GTEST_BY_REF_(T2) f2, GTEST_BY_REF_(T3) f3) : f0_(f0), f1_(f1), f2_(f2),
+      f3_(f3) {}
+
+  tuple(const tuple& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_), f3_(t.f3_) {}
+
+  template <GTEST_4_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple(const GTEST_4_TUPLE_(U)& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_),
+      f3_(t.f3_) {}
+
+  tuple& operator=(const tuple& t) { return CopyFrom(t); }
+
+  template <GTEST_4_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple& operator=(const GTEST_4_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
+    return CopyFrom(t);
+  }
+
+  GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_
+
+  template <GTEST_4_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple& CopyFrom(const GTEST_4_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
+    f0_ = t.f0_;
+    f1_ = t.f1_;
+    f2_ = t.f2_;
+    f3_ = t.f3_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  T0 f0_;
+  T1 f1_;
+  T2 f2_;
+  T3 f3_;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_5_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+class GTEST_5_TUPLE_(T) {
+ public:
+  template <int k> friend class gtest_internal::Get;
+
+  tuple() : f0_(), f1_(), f2_(), f3_(), f4_() {}
+
+  explicit tuple(GTEST_BY_REF_(T0) f0, GTEST_BY_REF_(T1) f1,
+      GTEST_BY_REF_(T2) f2, GTEST_BY_REF_(T3) f3,
+      GTEST_BY_REF_(T4) f4) : f0_(f0), f1_(f1), f2_(f2), f3_(f3), f4_(f4) {}
+
+  tuple(const tuple& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_), f3_(t.f3_),
+      f4_(t.f4_) {}
+
+  template <GTEST_5_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple(const GTEST_5_TUPLE_(U)& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_),
+      f3_(t.f3_), f4_(t.f4_) {}
+
+  tuple& operator=(const tuple& t) { return CopyFrom(t); }
+
+  template <GTEST_5_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple& operator=(const GTEST_5_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
+    return CopyFrom(t);
+  }
+
+  GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_
+
+  template <GTEST_5_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple& CopyFrom(const GTEST_5_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
+    f0_ = t.f0_;
+    f1_ = t.f1_;
+    f2_ = t.f2_;
+    f3_ = t.f3_;
+    f4_ = t.f4_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  T0 f0_;
+  T1 f1_;
+  T2 f2_;
+  T3 f3_;
+  T4 f4_;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_6_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+class GTEST_6_TUPLE_(T) {
+ public:
+  template <int k> friend class gtest_internal::Get;
+
+  tuple() : f0_(), f1_(), f2_(), f3_(), f4_(), f5_() {}
+
+  explicit tuple(GTEST_BY_REF_(T0) f0, GTEST_BY_REF_(T1) f1,
+      GTEST_BY_REF_(T2) f2, GTEST_BY_REF_(T3) f3, GTEST_BY_REF_(T4) f4,
+      GTEST_BY_REF_(T5) f5) : f0_(f0), f1_(f1), f2_(f2), f3_(f3), f4_(f4),
+      f5_(f5) {}
+
+  tuple(const tuple& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_), f3_(t.f3_),
+      f4_(t.f4_), f5_(t.f5_) {}
+
+  template <GTEST_6_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple(const GTEST_6_TUPLE_(U)& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_),
+      f3_(t.f3_), f4_(t.f4_), f5_(t.f5_) {}
+
+  tuple& operator=(const tuple& t) { return CopyFrom(t); }
+
+  template <GTEST_6_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple& operator=(const GTEST_6_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
+    return CopyFrom(t);
+  }
+
+  GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_
+
+  template <GTEST_6_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple& CopyFrom(const GTEST_6_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
+    f0_ = t.f0_;
+    f1_ = t.f1_;
+    f2_ = t.f2_;
+    f3_ = t.f3_;
+    f4_ = t.f4_;
+    f5_ = t.f5_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  T0 f0_;
+  T1 f1_;
+  T2 f2_;
+  T3 f3_;
+  T4 f4_;
+  T5 f5_;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_7_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+class GTEST_7_TUPLE_(T) {
+ public:
+  template <int k> friend class gtest_internal::Get;
+
+  tuple() : f0_(), f1_(), f2_(), f3_(), f4_(), f5_(), f6_() {}
+
+  explicit tuple(GTEST_BY_REF_(T0) f0, GTEST_BY_REF_(T1) f1,
+      GTEST_BY_REF_(T2) f2, GTEST_BY_REF_(T3) f3, GTEST_BY_REF_(T4) f4,
+      GTEST_BY_REF_(T5) f5, GTEST_BY_REF_(T6) f6) : f0_(f0), f1_(f1), f2_(f2),
+      f3_(f3), f4_(f4), f5_(f5), f6_(f6) {}
+
+  tuple(const tuple& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_), f3_(t.f3_),
+      f4_(t.f4_), f5_(t.f5_), f6_(t.f6_) {}
+
+  template <GTEST_7_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple(const GTEST_7_TUPLE_(U)& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_),
+      f3_(t.f3_), f4_(t.f4_), f5_(t.f5_), f6_(t.f6_) {}
+
+  tuple& operator=(const tuple& t) { return CopyFrom(t); }
+
+  template <GTEST_7_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple& operator=(const GTEST_7_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
+    return CopyFrom(t);
+  }
+
+  GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_
+
+  template <GTEST_7_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple& CopyFrom(const GTEST_7_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
+    f0_ = t.f0_;
+    f1_ = t.f1_;
+    f2_ = t.f2_;
+    f3_ = t.f3_;
+    f4_ = t.f4_;
+    f5_ = t.f5_;
+    f6_ = t.f6_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  T0 f0_;
+  T1 f1_;
+  T2 f2_;
+  T3 f3_;
+  T4 f4_;
+  T5 f5_;
+  T6 f6_;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_8_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+class GTEST_8_TUPLE_(T) {
+ public:
+  template <int k> friend class gtest_internal::Get;
+
+  tuple() : f0_(), f1_(), f2_(), f3_(), f4_(), f5_(), f6_(), f7_() {}
+
+  explicit tuple(GTEST_BY_REF_(T0) f0, GTEST_BY_REF_(T1) f1,
+      GTEST_BY_REF_(T2) f2, GTEST_BY_REF_(T3) f3, GTEST_BY_REF_(T4) f4,
+      GTEST_BY_REF_(T5) f5, GTEST_BY_REF_(T6) f6,
+      GTEST_BY_REF_(T7) f7) : f0_(f0), f1_(f1), f2_(f2), f3_(f3), f4_(f4),
+      f5_(f5), f6_(f6), f7_(f7) {}
+
+  tuple(const tuple& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_), f3_(t.f3_),
+      f4_(t.f4_), f5_(t.f5_), f6_(t.f6_), f7_(t.f7_) {}
+
+  template <GTEST_8_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple(const GTEST_8_TUPLE_(U)& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_),
+      f3_(t.f3_), f4_(t.f4_), f5_(t.f5_), f6_(t.f6_), f7_(t.f7_) {}
+
+  tuple& operator=(const tuple& t) { return CopyFrom(t); }
+
+  template <GTEST_8_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple& operator=(const GTEST_8_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
+    return CopyFrom(t);
+  }
+
+  GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_
+
+  template <GTEST_8_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple& CopyFrom(const GTEST_8_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
+    f0_ = t.f0_;
+    f1_ = t.f1_;
+    f2_ = t.f2_;
+    f3_ = t.f3_;
+    f4_ = t.f4_;
+    f5_ = t.f5_;
+    f6_ = t.f6_;
+    f7_ = t.f7_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  T0 f0_;
+  T1 f1_;
+  T2 f2_;
+  T3 f3_;
+  T4 f4_;
+  T5 f5_;
+  T6 f6_;
+  T7 f7_;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_9_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+class GTEST_9_TUPLE_(T) {
+ public:
+  template <int k> friend class gtest_internal::Get;
+
+  tuple() : f0_(), f1_(), f2_(), f3_(), f4_(), f5_(), f6_(), f7_(), f8_() {}
+
+  explicit tuple(GTEST_BY_REF_(T0) f0, GTEST_BY_REF_(T1) f1,
+      GTEST_BY_REF_(T2) f2, GTEST_BY_REF_(T3) f3, GTEST_BY_REF_(T4) f4,
+      GTEST_BY_REF_(T5) f5, GTEST_BY_REF_(T6) f6, GTEST_BY_REF_(T7) f7,
+      GTEST_BY_REF_(T8) f8) : f0_(f0), f1_(f1), f2_(f2), f3_(f3), f4_(f4),
+      f5_(f5), f6_(f6), f7_(f7), f8_(f8) {}
+
+  tuple(const tuple& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_), f3_(t.f3_),
+      f4_(t.f4_), f5_(t.f5_), f6_(t.f6_), f7_(t.f7_), f8_(t.f8_) {}
+
+  template <GTEST_9_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple(const GTEST_9_TUPLE_(U)& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_),
+      f3_(t.f3_), f4_(t.f4_), f5_(t.f5_), f6_(t.f6_), f7_(t.f7_), f8_(t.f8_) {}
+
+  tuple& operator=(const tuple& t) { return CopyFrom(t); }
+
+  template <GTEST_9_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple& operator=(const GTEST_9_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
+    return CopyFrom(t);
+  }
+
+  GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_
+
+  template <GTEST_9_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple& CopyFrom(const GTEST_9_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
+    f0_ = t.f0_;
+    f1_ = t.f1_;
+    f2_ = t.f2_;
+    f3_ = t.f3_;
+    f4_ = t.f4_;
+    f5_ = t.f5_;
+    f6_ = t.f6_;
+    f7_ = t.f7_;
+    f8_ = t.f8_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  T0 f0_;
+  T1 f1_;
+  T2 f2_;
+  T3 f3_;
+  T4 f4_;
+  T5 f5_;
+  T6 f6_;
+  T7 f7_;
+  T8 f8_;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+class tuple {
+ public:
+  template <int k> friend class gtest_internal::Get;
+
+  tuple() : f0_(), f1_(), f2_(), f3_(), f4_(), f5_(), f6_(), f7_(), f8_(),
+      f9_() {}
+
+  explicit tuple(GTEST_BY_REF_(T0) f0, GTEST_BY_REF_(T1) f1,
+      GTEST_BY_REF_(T2) f2, GTEST_BY_REF_(T3) f3, GTEST_BY_REF_(T4) f4,
+      GTEST_BY_REF_(T5) f5, GTEST_BY_REF_(T6) f6, GTEST_BY_REF_(T7) f7,
+      GTEST_BY_REF_(T8) f8, GTEST_BY_REF_(T9) f9) : f0_(f0), f1_(f1), f2_(f2),
+      f3_(f3), f4_(f4), f5_(f5), f6_(f6), f7_(f7), f8_(f8), f9_(f9) {}
+
+  tuple(const tuple& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_), f3_(t.f3_),
+      f4_(t.f4_), f5_(t.f5_), f6_(t.f6_), f7_(t.f7_), f8_(t.f8_), f9_(t.f9_) {}
+
+  template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple(const GTEST_10_TUPLE_(U)& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_),
+      f3_(t.f3_), f4_(t.f4_), f5_(t.f5_), f6_(t.f6_), f7_(t.f7_), f8_(t.f8_),
+      f9_(t.f9_) {}
+
+  tuple& operator=(const tuple& t) { return CopyFrom(t); }
+
+  template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple& operator=(const GTEST_10_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
+    return CopyFrom(t);
+  }
+
+  GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_
+
+  template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple& CopyFrom(const GTEST_10_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
+    f0_ = t.f0_;
+    f1_ = t.f1_;
+    f2_ = t.f2_;
+    f3_ = t.f3_;
+    f4_ = t.f4_;
+    f5_ = t.f5_;
+    f6_ = t.f6_;
+    f7_ = t.f7_;
+    f8_ = t.f8_;
+    f9_ = t.f9_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  T0 f0_;
+  T1 f1_;
+  T2 f2_;
+  T3 f3_;
+  T4 f4_;
+  T5 f5_;
+  T6 f6_;
+  T7 f7_;
+  T8 f8_;
+  T9 f9_;
+};
+
+// 6.1.3.2 Tuple creation functions.
+
+// Known limitations: we don't support passing an
+// std::tr1::reference_wrapper<T> to make_tuple().  And we don't
+// implement tie().
+
+inline tuple<> make_tuple() { return tuple<>(); }
+
+template <GTEST_1_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+inline GTEST_1_TUPLE_(T) make_tuple(const T0& f0) {
+  return GTEST_1_TUPLE_(T)(f0);
+}
+
+template <GTEST_2_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+inline GTEST_2_TUPLE_(T) make_tuple(const T0& f0, const T1& f1) {
+  return GTEST_2_TUPLE_(T)(f0, f1);
+}
+
+template <GTEST_3_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+inline GTEST_3_TUPLE_(T) make_tuple(const T0& f0, const T1& f1, const T2& f2) {
+  return GTEST_3_TUPLE_(T)(f0, f1, f2);
+}
+
+template <GTEST_4_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+inline GTEST_4_TUPLE_(T) make_tuple(const T0& f0, const T1& f1, const T2& f2,
+    const T3& f3) {
+  return GTEST_4_TUPLE_(T)(f0, f1, f2, f3);
+}
+
+template <GTEST_5_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+inline GTEST_5_TUPLE_(T) make_tuple(const T0& f0, const T1& f1, const T2& f2,
+    const T3& f3, const T4& f4) {
+  return GTEST_5_TUPLE_(T)(f0, f1, f2, f3, f4);
+}
+
+template <GTEST_6_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+inline GTEST_6_TUPLE_(T) make_tuple(const T0& f0, const T1& f1, const T2& f2,
+    const T3& f3, const T4& f4, const T5& f5) {
+  return GTEST_6_TUPLE_(T)(f0, f1, f2, f3, f4, f5);
+}
+
+template <GTEST_7_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+inline GTEST_7_TUPLE_(T) make_tuple(const T0& f0, const T1& f1, const T2& f2,
+    const T3& f3, const T4& f4, const T5& f5, const T6& f6) {
+  return GTEST_7_TUPLE_(T)(f0, f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6);
+}
+
+template <GTEST_8_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+inline GTEST_8_TUPLE_(T) make_tuple(const T0& f0, const T1& f1, const T2& f2,
+    const T3& f3, const T4& f4, const T5& f5, const T6& f6, const T7& f7) {
+  return GTEST_8_TUPLE_(T)(f0, f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7);
+}
+
+template <GTEST_9_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+inline GTEST_9_TUPLE_(T) make_tuple(const T0& f0, const T1& f1, const T2& f2,
+    const T3& f3, const T4& f4, const T5& f5, const T6& f6, const T7& f7,
+    const T8& f8) {
+  return GTEST_9_TUPLE_(T)(f0, f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8);
+}
+
+template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+inline GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) make_tuple(const T0& f0, const T1& f1, const T2& f2,
+    const T3& f3, const T4& f4, const T5& f5, const T6& f6, const T7& f7,
+    const T8& f8, const T9& f9) {
+  return GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)(f0, f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9);
+}
+
+// 6.1.3.3 Tuple helper classes.
+
+template <typename Tuple> struct tuple_size;
+
+template <GTEST_0_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_0_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 0;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_1_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_1_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 1;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_2_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_2_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 2;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_3_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_3_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 3;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_4_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_4_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 4;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_5_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_5_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 5;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_6_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_6_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 6;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_7_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_7_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 7;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_8_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_8_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 8;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_9_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_9_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 9;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 10;
+};
+
+template <int k, class Tuple>
+struct tuple_element {
+  typedef typename gtest_internal::TupleElement<
+      k < (tuple_size<Tuple>::value), k, Tuple>::type type;
+};
+
+#define GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(k, Tuple) typename tuple_element<k, Tuple >::type
+
+// 6.1.3.4 Element access.
+
+namespace gtest_internal {
+
+template <>
+class Get<0> {
+ public:
+  template <class Tuple>
+  static GTEST_ADD_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(0, Tuple))
+  Field(Tuple& t) { return t.f0_; }  // NOLINT
+
+  template <class Tuple>
+  static GTEST_BY_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(0, Tuple))
+  ConstField(const Tuple& t) { return t.f0_; }
+};
+
+template <>
+class Get<1> {
+ public:
+  template <class Tuple>
+  static GTEST_ADD_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(1, Tuple))
+  Field(Tuple& t) { return t.f1_; }  // NOLINT
+
+  template <class Tuple>
+  static GTEST_BY_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(1, Tuple))
+  ConstField(const Tuple& t) { return t.f1_; }
+};
+
+template <>
+class Get<2> {
+ public:
+  template <class Tuple>
+  static GTEST_ADD_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(2, Tuple))
+  Field(Tuple& t) { return t.f2_; }  // NOLINT
+
+  template <class Tuple>
+  static GTEST_BY_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(2, Tuple))
+  ConstField(const Tuple& t) { return t.f2_; }
+};
+
+template <>
+class Get<3> {
+ public:
+  template <class Tuple>
+  static GTEST_ADD_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(3, Tuple))
+  Field(Tuple& t) { return t.f3_; }  // NOLINT
+
+  template <class Tuple>
+  static GTEST_BY_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(3, Tuple))
+  ConstField(const Tuple& t) { return t.f3_; }
+};
+
+template <>
+class Get<4> {
+ public:
+  template <class Tuple>
+  static GTEST_ADD_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(4, Tuple))
+  Field(Tuple& t) { return t.f4_; }  // NOLINT
+
+  template <class Tuple>
+  static GTEST_BY_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(4, Tuple))
+  ConstField(const Tuple& t) { return t.f4_; }
+};
+
+template <>
+class Get<5> {
+ public:
+  template <class Tuple>
+  static GTEST_ADD_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(5, Tuple))
+  Field(Tuple& t) { return t.f5_; }  // NOLINT
+
+  template <class Tuple>
+  static GTEST_BY_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(5, Tuple))
+  ConstField(const Tuple& t) { return t.f5_; }
+};
+
+template <>
+class Get<6> {
+ public:
+  template <class Tuple>
+  static GTEST_ADD_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(6, Tuple))
+  Field(Tuple& t) { return t.f6_; }  // NOLINT
+
+  template <class Tuple>
+  static GTEST_BY_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(6, Tuple))
+  ConstField(const Tuple& t) { return t.f6_; }
+};
+
+template <>
+class Get<7> {
+ public:
+  template <class Tuple>
+  static GTEST_ADD_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(7, Tuple))
+  Field(Tuple& t) { return t.f7_; }  // NOLINT
+
+  template <class Tuple>
+  static GTEST_BY_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(7, Tuple))
+  ConstField(const Tuple& t) { return t.f7_; }
+};
+
+template <>
+class Get<8> {
+ public:
+  template <class Tuple>
+  static GTEST_ADD_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(8, Tuple))
+  Field(Tuple& t) { return t.f8_; }  // NOLINT
+
+  template <class Tuple>
+  static GTEST_BY_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(8, Tuple))
+  ConstField(const Tuple& t) { return t.f8_; }
+};
+
+template <>
+class Get<9> {
+ public:
+  template <class Tuple>
+  static GTEST_ADD_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(9, Tuple))
+  Field(Tuple& t) { return t.f9_; }  // NOLINT
+
+  template <class Tuple>
+  static GTEST_BY_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(9, Tuple))
+  ConstField(const Tuple& t) { return t.f9_; }
+};
+
+}  // namespace gtest_internal
+
+template <int k, GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+GTEST_ADD_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(k, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)))
+get(GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)& t) {
+  return gtest_internal::Get<k>::Field(t);
+}
+
+template <int k, GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+GTEST_BY_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(k,  GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)))
+get(const GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)& t) {
+  return gtest_internal::Get<k>::ConstField(t);
+}
+
+// 6.1.3.5 Relational operators
+
+// We only implement == and !=, as we don't have a need for the rest yet.
+
+namespace gtest_internal {
+
+// SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator<k, k>::Eq(t1, t2) returns true if the
+// first k fields of t1 equals the first k fields of t2.
+// SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator(k1, k2) would be a compiler error if
+// k1 != k2.
+template <int kSize1, int kSize2>
+struct SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator;
+
+template <>
+struct SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator<0, 0> {
+  template <class Tuple1, class Tuple2>
+  static bool Eq(const Tuple1& /* t1 */, const Tuple2& /* t2 */) {
+    return true;
+  }
+};
+
+template <int k>
+struct SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator<k, k> {
+  template <class Tuple1, class Tuple2>
+  static bool Eq(const Tuple1& t1, const Tuple2& t2) {
+    return SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator<k - 1, k - 1>::Eq(t1, t2) &&
+        ::std::tr1::get<k - 1>(t1) == ::std::tr1::get<k - 1>(t2);
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace gtest_internal
+
+template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T), GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+inline bool operator==(const GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)& t,
+                       const GTEST_10_TUPLE_(U)& u) {
+  return gtest_internal::SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator<
+      tuple_size<GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) >::value,
+      tuple_size<GTEST_10_TUPLE_(U) >::value>::Eq(t, u);
+}
+
+template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T), GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+inline bool operator!=(const GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)& t,
+                       const GTEST_10_TUPLE_(U)& u) { return !(t == u); }
+
+// 6.1.4 Pairs.
+// Unimplemented.
+
+}  // namespace tr1
+}  // namespace std
+
+#undef GTEST_0_TUPLE_
+#undef GTEST_1_TUPLE_
+#undef GTEST_2_TUPLE_
+#undef GTEST_3_TUPLE_
+#undef GTEST_4_TUPLE_
+#undef GTEST_5_TUPLE_
+#undef GTEST_6_TUPLE_
+#undef GTEST_7_TUPLE_
+#undef GTEST_8_TUPLE_
+#undef GTEST_9_TUPLE_
+#undef GTEST_10_TUPLE_
+
+#undef GTEST_0_TYPENAMES_
+#undef GTEST_1_TYPENAMES_
+#undef GTEST_2_TYPENAMES_
+#undef GTEST_3_TYPENAMES_
+#undef GTEST_4_TYPENAMES_
+#undef GTEST_5_TYPENAMES_
+#undef GTEST_6_TYPENAMES_
+#undef GTEST_7_TYPENAMES_
+#undef GTEST_8_TYPENAMES_
+#undef GTEST_9_TYPENAMES_
+#undef GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_
+
+#undef GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_
+#undef GTEST_BY_REF_
+#undef GTEST_ADD_REF_
+#undef GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TUPLE_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h.pump b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h.pump
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..429ddfeecaa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h.pump
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+$$ -*- mode: c++; -*-
+$var n = 10  $$ Maximum number of tuple fields we want to support.
+$$ This meta comment fixes auto-indentation in Emacs. }}
+// Copyright 2009 Google Inc.
+// All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+// Implements a subset of TR1 tuple needed by Google Test and Google Mock.
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TUPLE_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TUPLE_H_
+
+#include <utility>  // For ::std::pair.
+
+// The compiler used in Symbian has a bug that prevents us from declaring the
+// tuple template as a friend (it complains that tuple is redefined).  This
+// hack bypasses the bug by declaring the members that should otherwise be
+// private as public.
+// Sun Studio versions < 12 also have the above bug.
+#if defined(__SYMBIAN32__) || (defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && __SUNPRO_CC < 0x590)
+# define GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_ public:
+#else
+# define GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_ \
+    template <GTEST_$(n)_TYPENAMES_(U)> friend class tuple; \
+   private:
+#endif
+
+// Visual Studio 2010, 2012, and 2013 define symbols in std::tr1 that conflict
+// with our own definitions. Therefore using our own tuple does not work on
+// those compilers.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1600  /* 1600 is Visual Studio 2010 */
+# error "gtest's tuple doesn't compile on Visual Studio 2010 or later. \
+GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE must be set to 0 on those compilers."
+#endif
+
+
+$range i 0..n-1
+$range j 0..n
+$range k 1..n
+// GTEST_n_TUPLE_(T) is the type of an n-tuple.
+#define GTEST_0_TUPLE_(T) tuple<>
+
+$for k [[
+$range m 0..k-1
+$range m2 k..n-1
+#define GTEST_$(k)_TUPLE_(T) tuple<$for m, [[T##$m]]$for m2 [[, void]]>
+
+]]
+
+// GTEST_n_TYPENAMES_(T) declares a list of n typenames.
+
+$for j [[
+$range m 0..j-1
+#define GTEST_$(j)_TYPENAMES_(T) $for m, [[typename T##$m]]
+
+
+]]
+
+// In theory, defining stuff in the ::std namespace is undefined
+// behavior.  We can do this as we are playing the role of a standard
+// library vendor.
+namespace std {
+namespace tr1 {
+
+template <$for i, [[typename T$i = void]]>
+class tuple;
+
+// Anything in namespace gtest_internal is Google Test's INTERNAL
+// IMPLEMENTATION DETAIL and MUST NOT BE USED DIRECTLY in user code.
+namespace gtest_internal {
+
+// ByRef<T>::type is T if T is a reference; otherwise it's const T&.
+template <typename T>
+struct ByRef { typedef const T& type; };  // NOLINT
+template <typename T>
+struct ByRef<T&> { typedef T& type; };  // NOLINT
+
+// A handy wrapper for ByRef.
+#define GTEST_BY_REF_(T) typename ::std::tr1::gtest_internal::ByRef<T>::type
+
+// AddRef<T>::type is T if T is a reference; otherwise it's T&.  This
+// is the same as tr1::add_reference<T>::type.
+template <typename T>
+struct AddRef { typedef T& type; };  // NOLINT
+template <typename T>
+struct AddRef<T&> { typedef T& type; };  // NOLINT
+
+// A handy wrapper for AddRef.
+#define GTEST_ADD_REF_(T) typename ::std::tr1::gtest_internal::AddRef<T>::type
+
+// A helper for implementing get<k>().
+template <int k> class Get;
+
+// A helper for implementing tuple_element<k, T>.  kIndexValid is true
+// iff k < the number of fields in tuple type T.
+template <bool kIndexValid, int kIndex, class Tuple>
+struct TupleElement;
+
+
+$for i [[
+template <GTEST_$(n)_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+struct TupleElement<true, $i, GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T$i type;
+};
+
+
+]]
+}  // namespace gtest_internal
+
+template <>
+class tuple<> {
+ public:
+  tuple() {}
+  tuple(const tuple& /* t */)  {}
+  tuple& operator=(const tuple& /* t */) { return *this; }
+};
+
+
+$for k [[
+$range m 0..k-1
+template <GTEST_$(k)_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+class $if k < n [[GTEST_$(k)_TUPLE_(T)]] $else [[tuple]] {
+ public:
+  template <int k> friend class gtest_internal::Get;
+
+  tuple() : $for m, [[f$(m)_()]] {}
+
+  explicit tuple($for m, [[GTEST_BY_REF_(T$m) f$m]]) : [[]]
+$for m, [[f$(m)_(f$m)]] {}
+
+  tuple(const tuple& t) : $for m, [[f$(m)_(t.f$(m)_)]] {}
+
+  template <GTEST_$(k)_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple(const GTEST_$(k)_TUPLE_(U)& t) : $for m, [[f$(m)_(t.f$(m)_)]] {}
+
+$if k == 2 [[
+  template <typename U0, typename U1>
+  tuple(const ::std::pair<U0, U1>& p) : f0_(p.first), f1_(p.second) {}
+
+]]
+
+  tuple& operator=(const tuple& t) { return CopyFrom(t); }
+
+  template <GTEST_$(k)_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple& operator=(const GTEST_$(k)_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
+    return CopyFrom(t);
+  }
+
+$if k == 2 [[
+  template <typename U0, typename U1>
+  tuple& operator=(const ::std::pair<U0, U1>& p) {
+    f0_ = p.first;
+    f1_ = p.second;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+]]
+
+  GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_
+
+  template <GTEST_$(k)_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+  tuple& CopyFrom(const GTEST_$(k)_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
+
+$for m [[
+    f$(m)_ = t.f$(m)_;
+
+]]
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+
+$for m [[
+  T$m f$(m)_;
+
+]]
+};
+
+
+]]
+// 6.1.3.2 Tuple creation functions.
+
+// Known limitations: we don't support passing an
+// std::tr1::reference_wrapper<T> to make_tuple().  And we don't
+// implement tie().
+
+inline tuple<> make_tuple() { return tuple<>(); }
+
+$for k [[
+$range m 0..k-1
+
+template <GTEST_$(k)_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+inline GTEST_$(k)_TUPLE_(T) make_tuple($for m, [[const T$m& f$m]]) {
+  return GTEST_$(k)_TUPLE_(T)($for m, [[f$m]]);
+}
+
+]]
+
+// 6.1.3.3 Tuple helper classes.
+
+template <typename Tuple> struct tuple_size;
+
+
+$for j [[
+template <GTEST_$(j)_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_$(j)_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = $j;
+};
+
+
+]]
+template <int k, class Tuple>
+struct tuple_element {
+  typedef typename gtest_internal::TupleElement<
+      k < (tuple_size<Tuple>::value), k, Tuple>::type type;
+};
+
+#define GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(k, Tuple) typename tuple_element<k, Tuple >::type
+
+// 6.1.3.4 Element access.
+
+namespace gtest_internal {
+
+
+$for i [[
+template <>
+class Get<$i> {
+ public:
+  template <class Tuple>
+  static GTEST_ADD_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_($i, Tuple))
+  Field(Tuple& t) { return t.f$(i)_; }  // NOLINT
+
+  template <class Tuple>
+  static GTEST_BY_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_($i, Tuple))
+  ConstField(const Tuple& t) { return t.f$(i)_; }
+};
+
+
+]]
+}  // namespace gtest_internal
+
+template <int k, GTEST_$(n)_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+GTEST_ADD_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(k, GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(T)))
+get(GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(T)& t) {
+  return gtest_internal::Get<k>::Field(t);
+}
+
+template <int k, GTEST_$(n)_TYPENAMES_(T)>
+GTEST_BY_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(k,  GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(T)))
+get(const GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(T)& t) {
+  return gtest_internal::Get<k>::ConstField(t);
+}
+
+// 6.1.3.5 Relational operators
+
+// We only implement == and !=, as we don't have a need for the rest yet.
+
+namespace gtest_internal {
+
+// SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator<k, k>::Eq(t1, t2) returns true if the
+// first k fields of t1 equals the first k fields of t2.
+// SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator(k1, k2) would be a compiler error if
+// k1 != k2.
+template <int kSize1, int kSize2>
+struct SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator;
+
+template <>
+struct SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator<0, 0> {
+  template <class Tuple1, class Tuple2>
+  static bool Eq(const Tuple1& /* t1 */, const Tuple2& /* t2 */) {
+    return true;
+  }
+};
+
+template <int k>
+struct SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator<k, k> {
+  template <class Tuple1, class Tuple2>
+  static bool Eq(const Tuple1& t1, const Tuple2& t2) {
+    return SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator<k - 1, k - 1>::Eq(t1, t2) &&
+        ::std::tr1::get<k - 1>(t1) == ::std::tr1::get<k - 1>(t2);
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace gtest_internal
+
+template <GTEST_$(n)_TYPENAMES_(T), GTEST_$(n)_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+inline bool operator==(const GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(T)& t,
+                       const GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(U)& u) {
+  return gtest_internal::SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator<
+      tuple_size<GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(T) >::value,
+      tuple_size<GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(U) >::value>::Eq(t, u);
+}
+
+template <GTEST_$(n)_TYPENAMES_(T), GTEST_$(n)_TYPENAMES_(U)>
+inline bool operator!=(const GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(T)& t,
+                       const GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(U)& u) { return !(t == u); }
+
+// 6.1.4 Pairs.
+// Unimplemented.
+
+}  // namespace tr1
+}  // namespace std
+
+
+$for j [[
+#undef GTEST_$(j)_TUPLE_
+
+]]
+
+
+$for j [[
+#undef GTEST_$(j)_TYPENAMES_
+
+]]
+
+#undef GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_
+#undef GTEST_BY_REF_
+#undef GTEST_ADD_REF_
+#undef GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TUPLE_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e46f7cfcb483
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,3331 @@
+// This file was GENERATED by command:
+//     pump.py gtest-type-util.h.pump
+// DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!!
+
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+// All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+// Type utilities needed for implementing typed and type-parameterized
+// tests.  This file is generated by a SCRIPT.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
+//
+// Currently we support at most 50 types in a list, and at most 50
+// type-parameterized tests in one type-parameterized test case.
+// Please contact googletestframework@googlegroups.com if you need
+// more.
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TYPE_UTIL_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TYPE_UTIL_H_
+
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+
+// #ifdef __GNUC__ is too general here.  It is possible to use gcc without using
+// libstdc++ (which is where cxxabi.h comes from).
+# if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
+#  include <cxxabi.h>
+# elif defined(__HP_aCC)
+#  include <acxx_demangle.h>
+# endif  // GTEST_HASH_CXXABI_H_
+
+namespace testing {
+namespace internal {
+
+// GetTypeName<T>() returns a human-readable name of type T.
+// NB: This function is also used in Google Mock, so don't move it inside of
+// the typed-test-only section below.
+template <typename T>
+std::string GetTypeName() {
+# if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
+
+  const char* const name = typeid(T).name();
+#  if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ || defined(__HP_aCC)
+  int status = 0;
+  // gcc's implementation of typeid(T).name() mangles the type name,
+  // so we have to demangle it.
+#   if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
+  using abi::__cxa_demangle;
+#   endif  // GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
+  char* const readable_name = __cxa_demangle(name, 0, 0, &status);
+  const std::string name_str(status == 0 ? readable_name : name);
+  free(readable_name);
+  return name_str;
+#  else
+  return name;
+#  endif  // GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ || __HP_aCC
+
+# else
+
+  return "<type>";
+
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_RTTI
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST || GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
+
+// AssertyTypeEq<T1, T2>::type is defined iff T1 and T2 are the same
+// type.  This can be used as a compile-time assertion to ensure that
+// two types are equal.
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+struct AssertTypeEq;
+
+template <typename T>
+struct AssertTypeEq<T, T> {
+  typedef bool type;
+};
+
+// A unique type used as the default value for the arguments of class
+// template Types.  This allows us to simulate variadic templates
+// (e.g. Types<int>, Type<int, double>, and etc), which C++ doesn't
+// support directly.
+struct None {};
+
+// The following family of struct and struct templates are used to
+// represent type lists.  In particular, TypesN<T1, T2, ..., TN>
+// represents a type list with N types (T1, T2, ..., and TN) in it.
+// Except for Types0, every struct in the family has two member types:
+// Head for the first type in the list, and Tail for the rest of the
+// list.
+
+// The empty type list.
+struct Types0 {};
+
+// Type lists of length 1, 2, 3, and so on.
+
+template <typename T1>
+struct Types1 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types0 Tail;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+struct Types2 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types1<T2> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
+struct Types3 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types2<T2, T3> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
+struct Types4 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types3<T2, T3, T4> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
+struct Types5 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types4<T2, T3, T4, T5> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6>
+struct Types6 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types5<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7>
+struct Types7 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types6<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8>
+struct Types8 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types7<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9>
+struct Types9 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types8<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10>
+struct Types10 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types9<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11>
+struct Types11 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types10<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12>
+struct Types12 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types11<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13>
+struct Types13 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types12<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14>
+struct Types14 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types13<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15>
+struct Types15 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types14<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16>
+struct Types16 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types15<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17>
+struct Types17 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types16<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18>
+struct Types18 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types17<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19>
+struct Types19 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types18<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20>
+struct Types20 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types19<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21>
+struct Types21 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types20<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22>
+struct Types22 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types21<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23>
+struct Types23 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types22<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24>
+struct Types24 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types23<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25>
+struct Types25 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types24<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26>
+struct Types26 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types25<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27>
+struct Types27 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types26<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28>
+struct Types28 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types27<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29>
+struct Types29 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types28<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+      T29> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30>
+struct Types30 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types29<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+      T30> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31>
+struct Types31 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types30<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+      T30, T31> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32>
+struct Types32 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types31<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+      T30, T31, T32> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33>
+struct Types33 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types32<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+      T30, T31, T32, T33> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34>
+struct Types34 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types33<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35>
+struct Types35 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types34<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36>
+struct Types36 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types35<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37>
+struct Types37 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types36<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38>
+struct Types38 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types37<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39>
+struct Types39 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types38<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40>
+struct Types40 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types39<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41>
+struct Types41 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types40<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42>
+struct Types42 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types41<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43>
+struct Types43 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types42<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42,
+      T43> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44>
+struct Types44 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types43<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
+      T44> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45>
+struct Types45 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types44<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
+      T44, T45> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
+    typename T46>
+struct Types46 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types45<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
+      T44, T45, T46> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
+    typename T46, typename T47>
+struct Types47 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types46<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
+      T44, T45, T46, T47> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
+    typename T46, typename T47, typename T48>
+struct Types48 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types47<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
+      T44, T45, T46, T47, T48> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
+    typename T46, typename T47, typename T48, typename T49>
+struct Types49 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types48<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
+      T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49> Tail;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
+    typename T46, typename T47, typename T48, typename T49, typename T50>
+struct Types50 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types49<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
+      T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49, T50> Tail;
+};
+
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// We don't want to require the users to write TypesN<...> directly,
+// as that would require them to count the length.  Types<...> is much
+// easier to write, but generates horrible messages when there is a
+// compiler error, as gcc insists on printing out each template
+// argument, even if it has the default value (this means Types<int>
+// will appear as Types<int, None, None, ..., None> in the compiler
+// errors).
+//
+// Our solution is to combine the best part of the two approaches: a
+// user would write Types<T1, ..., TN>, and Google Test will translate
+// that to TypesN<T1, ..., TN> internally to make error messages
+// readable.  The translation is done by the 'type' member of the
+// Types template.
+template <typename T1 = internal::None, typename T2 = internal::None,
+    typename T3 = internal::None, typename T4 = internal::None,
+    typename T5 = internal::None, typename T6 = internal::None,
+    typename T7 = internal::None, typename T8 = internal::None,
+    typename T9 = internal::None, typename T10 = internal::None,
+    typename T11 = internal::None, typename T12 = internal::None,
+    typename T13 = internal::None, typename T14 = internal::None,
+    typename T15 = internal::None, typename T16 = internal::None,
+    typename T17 = internal::None, typename T18 = internal::None,
+    typename T19 = internal::None, typename T20 = internal::None,
+    typename T21 = internal::None, typename T22 = internal::None,
+    typename T23 = internal::None, typename T24 = internal::None,
+    typename T25 = internal::None, typename T26 = internal::None,
+    typename T27 = internal::None, typename T28 = internal::None,
+    typename T29 = internal::None, typename T30 = internal::None,
+    typename T31 = internal::None, typename T32 = internal::None,
+    typename T33 = internal::None, typename T34 = internal::None,
+    typename T35 = internal::None, typename T36 = internal::None,
+    typename T37 = internal::None, typename T38 = internal::None,
+    typename T39 = internal::None, typename T40 = internal::None,
+    typename T41 = internal::None, typename T42 = internal::None,
+    typename T43 = internal::None, typename T44 = internal::None,
+    typename T45 = internal::None, typename T46 = internal::None,
+    typename T47 = internal::None, typename T48 = internal::None,
+    typename T49 = internal::None, typename T50 = internal::None>
+struct Types {
+  typedef internal::Types50<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
+      T41, T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49, T50> type;
+};
+
+template <>
+struct Types<internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types0 type;
+};
+template <typename T1>
+struct Types<T1, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types1<T1> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+struct Types<T1, T2, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types2<T1, T2> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types3<T1, T2, T3> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types4<T1, T2, T3, T4> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types5<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types6<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types7<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types8<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types9<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types10<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types11<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types12<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
+      T12> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types13<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types14<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types15<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types16<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types17<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types18<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types19<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types20<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types21<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types22<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types23<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types24<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types25<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types26<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
+      T26> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types27<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types28<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27, T28> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types29<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27, T28, T29> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types30<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27, T28, T29, T30> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
+    T31, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types31<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
+    T31, T32, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types32<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
+    T31, T32, T33, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types33<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
+    T31, T32, T33, T34, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types34<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
+    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types35<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
+    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types36<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
+    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types37<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
+    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types38<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
+    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types39<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
+    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types40<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39,
+      T40> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
+    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types41<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
+      T41> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
+    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types42<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
+      T41, T42> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
+    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types43<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
+      T41, T42, T43> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
+    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43, T44,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types44<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
+      T41, T42, T43, T44> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
+    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43, T44, T45,
+    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
+    internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types45<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
+      T41, T42, T43, T44, T45> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
+    typename T46>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
+    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43, T44, T45,
+    T46, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types46<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
+      T41, T42, T43, T44, T45, T46> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
+    typename T46, typename T47>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
+    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43, T44, T45,
+    T46, T47, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types47<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
+      T41, T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
+    typename T46, typename T47, typename T48>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
+    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43, T44, T45,
+    T46, T47, T48, internal::None, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types48<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
+      T41, T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48> type;
+};
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
+    typename T46, typename T47, typename T48, typename T49>
+struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
+    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
+    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43, T44, T45,
+    T46, T47, T48, T49, internal::None> {
+  typedef internal::Types49<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
+      T41, T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49> type;
+};
+
+namespace internal {
+
+# define GTEST_TEMPLATE_ template <typename T> class
+
+// The template "selector" struct TemplateSel<Tmpl> is used to
+// represent Tmpl, which must be a class template with one type
+// parameter, as a type.  TemplateSel<Tmpl>::Bind<T>::type is defined
+// as the type Tmpl<T>.  This allows us to actually instantiate the
+// template "selected" by TemplateSel<Tmpl>.
+//
+// This trick is necessary for simulating typedef for class templates,
+// which C++ doesn't support directly.
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ Tmpl>
+struct TemplateSel {
+  template <typename T>
+  struct Bind {
+    typedef Tmpl<T> type;
+  };
+};
+
+# define GTEST_BIND_(TmplSel, T) \
+  TmplSel::template Bind<T>::type
+
+// A unique struct template used as the default value for the
+// arguments of class template Templates.  This allows us to simulate
+// variadic templates (e.g. Templates<int>, Templates<int, double>,
+// and etc), which C++ doesn't support directly.
+template <typename T>
+struct NoneT {};
+
+// The following family of struct and struct templates are used to
+// represent template lists.  In particular, TemplatesN<T1, T2, ...,
+// TN> represents a list of N templates (T1, T2, ..., and TN).  Except
+// for Templates0, every struct in the family has two member types:
+// Head for the selector of the first template in the list, and Tail
+// for the rest of the list.
+
+// The empty template list.
+struct Templates0 {};
+
+// Template lists of length 1, 2, 3, and so on.
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1>
+struct Templates1 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates0 Tail;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2>
+struct Templates2 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates1<T2> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3>
+struct Templates3 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates2<T2, T3> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4>
+struct Templates4 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates3<T2, T3, T4> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5>
+struct Templates5 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates4<T2, T3, T4, T5> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6>
+struct Templates6 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates5<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7>
+struct Templates7 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates6<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8>
+struct Templates8 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates7<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9>
+struct Templates9 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates8<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10>
+struct Templates10 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates9<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11>
+struct Templates11 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates10<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12>
+struct Templates12 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates11<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13>
+struct Templates13 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates12<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14>
+struct Templates14 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates13<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15>
+struct Templates15 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates14<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16>
+struct Templates16 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates15<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17>
+struct Templates17 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates16<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18>
+struct Templates18 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates17<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19>
+struct Templates19 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates18<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20>
+struct Templates20 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates19<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21>
+struct Templates21 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates20<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22>
+struct Templates22 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates21<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23>
+struct Templates23 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates22<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24>
+struct Templates24 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates23<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25>
+struct Templates25 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates24<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26>
+struct Templates26 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates25<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27>
+struct Templates27 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates26<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28>
+struct Templates28 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates27<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
+      T28> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29>
+struct Templates29 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates28<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+      T29> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30>
+struct Templates30 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates29<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+      T29, T30> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31>
+struct Templates31 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates30<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+      T29, T30, T31> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32>
+struct Templates32 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates31<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+      T29, T30, T31, T32> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33>
+struct Templates33 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates32<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34>
+struct Templates34 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates33<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35>
+struct Templates35 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates34<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36>
+struct Templates36 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates35<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37>
+struct Templates37 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates36<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38>
+struct Templates38 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates37<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39>
+struct Templates39 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates38<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40>
+struct Templates40 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates39<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41>
+struct Templates41 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates40<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42>
+struct Templates42 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates41<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41,
+      T42> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43>
+struct Templates43 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates42<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42,
+      T43> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44>
+struct Templates44 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates43<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42,
+      T43, T44> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T45>
+struct Templates45 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates44<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42,
+      T43, T44, T45> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T45,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T46>
+struct Templates46 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates45<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42,
+      T43, T44, T45, T46> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T45,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T46, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T47>
+struct Templates47 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates46<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42,
+      T43, T44, T45, T46, T47> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T45,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T46, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T47, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T48>
+struct Templates48 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates47<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42,
+      T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T45,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T46, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T47, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T48,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T49>
+struct Templates49 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates48<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42,
+      T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49> Tail;
+};
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T45,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T46, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T47, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T48,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T49, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T50>
+struct Templates50 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates49<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42,
+      T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49, T50> Tail;
+};
+
+
+// We don't want to require the users to write TemplatesN<...> directly,
+// as that would require them to count the length.  Templates<...> is much
+// easier to write, but generates horrible messages when there is a
+// compiler error, as gcc insists on printing out each template
+// argument, even if it has the default value (this means Templates<list>
+// will appear as Templates<list, NoneT, NoneT, ..., NoneT> in the compiler
+// errors).
+//
+// Our solution is to combine the best part of the two approaches: a
+// user would write Templates<T1, ..., TN>, and Google Test will translate
+// that to TemplatesN<T1, ..., TN> internally to make error messages
+// readable.  The translation is done by the 'type' member of the
+// Templates template.
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2 = NoneT,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4 = NoneT,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6 = NoneT,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8 = NoneT,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10 = NoneT,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12 = NoneT,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14 = NoneT,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16 = NoneT,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18 = NoneT,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20 = NoneT,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22 = NoneT,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24 = NoneT,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26 = NoneT,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28 = NoneT,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30 = NoneT,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32 = NoneT,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34 = NoneT,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36 = NoneT,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38 = NoneT,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40 = NoneT,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42 = NoneT,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44 = NoneT,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T45 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T46 = NoneT,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T47 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T48 = NoneT,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T49 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T50 = NoneT>
+struct Templates {
+  typedef Templates50<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
+      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41,
+      T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49, T50> type;
+};
+
+template <>
+struct Templates<NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates0 type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1>
+struct Templates<T1, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates1<T1> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates2<T1, T2> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates3<T1, T2, T3> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates4<T1, T2, T3, T4> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates5<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates6<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates7<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates8<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates9<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates10<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates11<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates12<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates13<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates14<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates15<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates16<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates17<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates18<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates19<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates20<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates21<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates22<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates23<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates24<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates25<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates26<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates27<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates28<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
+      T28> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates29<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
+      T28, T29> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+    T30, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates30<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
+      T28, T29, T30> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+    T30, T31, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates31<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
+      T28, T29, T30, T31> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+    T30, T31, T32, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates32<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
+      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+    T30, T31, T32, T33, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates33<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
+      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates34<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
+      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates35<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
+      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates36<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
+      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates37<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
+      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates38<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
+      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates39<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
+      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates40<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
+      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, NoneT, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates41<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
+      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
+      T41> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, NoneT,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates42<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
+      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41,
+      T42> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates43<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
+      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41,
+      T42, T43> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43, T44,
+    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates44<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
+      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41,
+      T42, T43, T44> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T45>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43, T44,
+    T45, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates45<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
+      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41,
+      T42, T43, T44, T45> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T45,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T46>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43, T44,
+    T45, T46, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates46<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
+      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41,
+      T42, T43, T44, T45, T46> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T45,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T46, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T47>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43, T44,
+    T45, T46, T47, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates47<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
+      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41,
+      T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T45,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T46, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T47, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T48>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43, T44,
+    T45, T46, T47, T48, NoneT, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates48<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
+      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41,
+      T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48> type;
+};
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T45,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T46, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T47, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T48,
+    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T49>
+struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
+    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
+    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43, T44,
+    T45, T46, T47, T48, T49, NoneT> {
+  typedef Templates49<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
+      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41,
+      T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49> type;
+};
+
+// The TypeList template makes it possible to use either a single type
+// or a Types<...> list in TYPED_TEST_CASE() and
+// INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P().
+
+template <typename T>
+struct TypeList {
+  typedef Types1<T> type;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
+    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
+    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
+    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
+    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
+    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
+    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
+    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
+    typename T46, typename T47, typename T48, typename T49, typename T50>
+struct TypeList<Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
+    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
+    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
+    T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49, T50> > {
+  typedef typename Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
+      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
+      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
+      T41, T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49, T50>::type type;
+};
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST || GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace testing
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TYPE_UTIL_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..251fdf025b2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+$$ -*- mode: c++; -*-
+$var n = 50  $$ Maximum length of type lists we want to support.
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+// All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+// Type utilities needed for implementing typed and type-parameterized
+// tests.  This file is generated by a SCRIPT.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
+//
+// Currently we support at most $n types in a list, and at most $n
+// type-parameterized tests in one type-parameterized test case.
+// Please contact googletestframework@googlegroups.com if you need
+// more.
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TYPE_UTIL_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TYPE_UTIL_H_
+
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+
+// #ifdef __GNUC__ is too general here.  It is possible to use gcc without using
+// libstdc++ (which is where cxxabi.h comes from).
+# if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
+#  include <cxxabi.h>
+# elif defined(__HP_aCC)
+#  include <acxx_demangle.h>
+# endif  // GTEST_HASH_CXXABI_H_
+
+namespace testing {
+namespace internal {
+
+// GetTypeName<T>() returns a human-readable name of type T.
+// NB: This function is also used in Google Mock, so don't move it inside of
+// the typed-test-only section below.
+template <typename T>
+std::string GetTypeName() {
+# if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
+
+  const char* const name = typeid(T).name();
+#  if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ || defined(__HP_aCC)
+  int status = 0;
+  // gcc's implementation of typeid(T).name() mangles the type name,
+  // so we have to demangle it.
+#   if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
+  using abi::__cxa_demangle;
+#   endif  // GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
+  char* const readable_name = __cxa_demangle(name, 0, 0, &status);
+  const std::string name_str(status == 0 ? readable_name : name);
+  free(readable_name);
+  return name_str;
+#  else
+  return name;
+#  endif  // GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ || __HP_aCC
+
+# else
+
+  return "<type>";
+
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_RTTI
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST || GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
+
+// AssertyTypeEq<T1, T2>::type is defined iff T1 and T2 are the same
+// type.  This can be used as a compile-time assertion to ensure that
+// two types are equal.
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+struct AssertTypeEq;
+
+template <typename T>
+struct AssertTypeEq<T, T> {
+  typedef bool type;
+};
+
+// A unique type used as the default value for the arguments of class
+// template Types.  This allows us to simulate variadic templates
+// (e.g. Types<int>, Type<int, double>, and etc), which C++ doesn't
+// support directly.
+struct None {};
+
+// The following family of struct and struct templates are used to
+// represent type lists.  In particular, TypesN<T1, T2, ..., TN>
+// represents a type list with N types (T1, T2, ..., and TN) in it.
+// Except for Types0, every struct in the family has two member types:
+// Head for the first type in the list, and Tail for the rest of the
+// list.
+
+// The empty type list.
+struct Types0 {};
+
+// Type lists of length 1, 2, 3, and so on.
+
+template <typename T1>
+struct Types1 {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types0 Tail;
+};
+
+$range i 2..n
+
+$for i [[
+$range j 1..i
+$range k 2..i
+template <$for j, [[typename T$j]]>
+struct Types$i {
+  typedef T1 Head;
+  typedef Types$(i-1)<$for k, [[T$k]]> Tail;
+};
+
+
+]]
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// We don't want to require the users to write TypesN<...> directly,
+// as that would require them to count the length.  Types<...> is much
+// easier to write, but generates horrible messages when there is a
+// compiler error, as gcc insists on printing out each template
+// argument, even if it has the default value (this means Types<int>
+// will appear as Types<int, None, None, ..., None> in the compiler
+// errors).
+//
+// Our solution is to combine the best part of the two approaches: a
+// user would write Types<T1, ..., TN>, and Google Test will translate
+// that to TypesN<T1, ..., TN> internally to make error messages
+// readable.  The translation is done by the 'type' member of the
+// Types template.
+
+$range i 1..n
+template <$for i, [[typename T$i = internal::None]]>
+struct Types {
+  typedef internal::Types$n<$for i, [[T$i]]> type;
+};
+
+template <>
+struct Types<$for i, [[internal::None]]> {
+  typedef internal::Types0 type;
+};
+
+$range i 1..n-1
+$for i [[
+$range j 1..i
+$range k i+1..n
+template <$for j, [[typename T$j]]>
+struct Types<$for j, [[T$j]]$for k[[, internal::None]]> {
+  typedef internal::Types$i<$for j, [[T$j]]> type;
+};
+
+]]
+
+namespace internal {
+
+# define GTEST_TEMPLATE_ template <typename T> class
+
+// The template "selector" struct TemplateSel<Tmpl> is used to
+// represent Tmpl, which must be a class template with one type
+// parameter, as a type.  TemplateSel<Tmpl>::Bind<T>::type is defined
+// as the type Tmpl<T>.  This allows us to actually instantiate the
+// template "selected" by TemplateSel<Tmpl>.
+//
+// This trick is necessary for simulating typedef for class templates,
+// which C++ doesn't support directly.
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ Tmpl>
+struct TemplateSel {
+  template <typename T>
+  struct Bind {
+    typedef Tmpl<T> type;
+  };
+};
+
+# define GTEST_BIND_(TmplSel, T) \
+  TmplSel::template Bind<T>::type
+
+// A unique struct template used as the default value for the
+// arguments of class template Templates.  This allows us to simulate
+// variadic templates (e.g. Templates<int>, Templates<int, double>,
+// and etc), which C++ doesn't support directly.
+template <typename T>
+struct NoneT {};
+
+// The following family of struct and struct templates are used to
+// represent template lists.  In particular, TemplatesN<T1, T2, ...,
+// TN> represents a list of N templates (T1, T2, ..., and TN).  Except
+// for Templates0, every struct in the family has two member types:
+// Head for the selector of the first template in the list, and Tail
+// for the rest of the list.
+
+// The empty template list.
+struct Templates0 {};
+
+// Template lists of length 1, 2, 3, and so on.
+
+template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1>
+struct Templates1 {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates0 Tail;
+};
+
+$range i 2..n
+
+$for i [[
+$range j 1..i
+$range k 2..i
+template <$for j, [[GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T$j]]>
+struct Templates$i {
+  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
+  typedef Templates$(i-1)<$for k, [[T$k]]> Tail;
+};
+
+
+]]
+
+// We don't want to require the users to write TemplatesN<...> directly,
+// as that would require them to count the length.  Templates<...> is much
+// easier to write, but generates horrible messages when there is a
+// compiler error, as gcc insists on printing out each template
+// argument, even if it has the default value (this means Templates<list>
+// will appear as Templates<list, NoneT, NoneT, ..., NoneT> in the compiler
+// errors).
+//
+// Our solution is to combine the best part of the two approaches: a
+// user would write Templates<T1, ..., TN>, and Google Test will translate
+// that to TemplatesN<T1, ..., TN> internally to make error messages
+// readable.  The translation is done by the 'type' member of the
+// Templates template.
+
+$range i 1..n
+template <$for i, [[GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T$i = NoneT]]>
+struct Templates {
+  typedef Templates$n<$for i, [[T$i]]> type;
+};
+
+template <>
+struct Templates<$for i, [[NoneT]]> {
+  typedef Templates0 type;
+};
+
+$range i 1..n-1
+$for i [[
+$range j 1..i
+$range k i+1..n
+template <$for j, [[GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T$j]]>
+struct Templates<$for j, [[T$j]]$for k[[, NoneT]]> {
+  typedef Templates$i<$for j, [[T$j]]> type;
+};
+
+]]
+
+// The TypeList template makes it possible to use either a single type
+// or a Types<...> list in TYPED_TEST_CASE() and
+// INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P().
+
+template <typename T>
+struct TypeList {
+  typedef Types1<T> type;
+};
+
+
+$range i 1..n
+template <$for i, [[typename T$i]]>
+struct TypeList<Types<$for i, [[T$i]]> > {
+  typedef typename Types<$for i, [[T$i]]>::type type;
+};
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST || GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace testing
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TYPE_UTIL_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/m4/acx_pthread.m4 b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/m4/acx_pthread.m4
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2cf20de144a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/m4/acx_pthread.m4
@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+# This was retrieved from
+#    http://svn.0pointer.de/viewvc/trunk/common/acx_pthread.m4?revision=1277&root=avahi
+# See also (perhaps for new versions?)
+#    http://svn.0pointer.de/viewvc/trunk/common/acx_pthread.m4?root=avahi
+#
+# We've rewritten the inconsistency check code (from avahi), to work
+# more broadly.  In particular, it no longer assumes ld accepts -zdefs.
+# This caused a restructing of the code, but the functionality has only
+# changed a little.
+
+dnl @synopsis ACX_PTHREAD([ACTION-IF-FOUND[, ACTION-IF-NOT-FOUND]])
+dnl
+dnl @summary figure out how to build C programs using POSIX threads
+dnl
+dnl This macro figures out how to build C programs using POSIX threads.
+dnl It sets the PTHREAD_LIBS output variable to the threads library and
+dnl linker flags, and the PTHREAD_CFLAGS output variable to any special
+dnl C compiler flags that are needed. (The user can also force certain
+dnl compiler flags/libs to be tested by setting these environment
+dnl variables.)
+dnl
+dnl Also sets PTHREAD_CC to any special C compiler that is needed for
+dnl multi-threaded programs (defaults to the value of CC otherwise).
+dnl (This is necessary on AIX to use the special cc_r compiler alias.)
+dnl
+dnl NOTE: You are assumed to not only compile your program with these
+dnl flags, but also link it with them as well. e.g. you should link
+dnl with $PTHREAD_CC $CFLAGS $PTHREAD_CFLAGS $LDFLAGS ... $PTHREAD_LIBS
+dnl $LIBS
+dnl
+dnl If you are only building threads programs, you may wish to use
+dnl these variables in your default LIBS, CFLAGS, and CC:
+dnl
+dnl        LIBS="$PTHREAD_LIBS $LIBS"
+dnl        CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $PTHREAD_CFLAGS"
+dnl        CC="$PTHREAD_CC"
+dnl
+dnl In addition, if the PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE thread-attribute
+dnl constant has a nonstandard name, defines PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE to
+dnl that name (e.g. PTHREAD_CREATE_UNDETACHED on AIX).
+dnl
+dnl ACTION-IF-FOUND is a list of shell commands to run if a threads
+dnl library is found, and ACTION-IF-NOT-FOUND is a list of commands to
+dnl run it if it is not found. If ACTION-IF-FOUND is not specified, the
+dnl default action will define HAVE_PTHREAD.
+dnl
+dnl Please let the authors know if this macro fails on any platform, or
+dnl if you have any other suggestions or comments. This macro was based
+dnl on work by SGJ on autoconf scripts for FFTW (www.fftw.org) (with
+dnl help from M. Frigo), as well as ac_pthread and hb_pthread macros
+dnl posted by Alejandro Forero Cuervo to the autoconf macro repository.
+dnl We are also grateful for the helpful feedback of numerous users.
+dnl
+dnl @category InstalledPackages
+dnl @author Steven G. Johnson <stevenj@alum.mit.edu>
+dnl @version 2006-05-29
+dnl @license GPLWithACException
+dnl 
+dnl Checks for GCC shared/pthread inconsistency based on work by
+dnl Marcin Owsiany <marcin@owsiany.pl>
+
+
+AC_DEFUN([ACX_PTHREAD], [
+AC_REQUIRE([AC_CANONICAL_HOST])
+AC_LANG_SAVE
+AC_LANG_C
+acx_pthread_ok=no
+
+# We used to check for pthread.h first, but this fails if pthread.h
+# requires special compiler flags (e.g. on True64 or Sequent).
+# It gets checked for in the link test anyway.
+
+# First of all, check if the user has set any of the PTHREAD_LIBS,
+# etcetera environment variables, and if threads linking works using
+# them:
+if test x"$PTHREAD_LIBS$PTHREAD_CFLAGS" != x; then
+        save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
+        CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $PTHREAD_CFLAGS"
+        save_LIBS="$LIBS"
+        LIBS="$PTHREAD_LIBS $LIBS"
+        AC_MSG_CHECKING([for pthread_join in LIBS=$PTHREAD_LIBS with CFLAGS=$PTHREAD_CFLAGS])
+        AC_TRY_LINK_FUNC(pthread_join, acx_pthread_ok=yes)
+        AC_MSG_RESULT($acx_pthread_ok)
+        if test x"$acx_pthread_ok" = xno; then
+                PTHREAD_LIBS=""
+                PTHREAD_CFLAGS=""
+        fi
+        LIBS="$save_LIBS"
+        CFLAGS="$save_CFLAGS"
+fi
+
+# We must check for the threads library under a number of different
+# names; the ordering is very important because some systems
+# (e.g. DEC) have both -lpthread and -lpthreads, where one of the
+# libraries is broken (non-POSIX).
+
+# Create a list of thread flags to try.  Items starting with a "-" are
+# C compiler flags, and other items are library names, except for "none"
+# which indicates that we try without any flags at all, and "pthread-config"
+# which is a program returning the flags for the Pth emulation library.
+
+acx_pthread_flags="pthreads none -Kthread -kthread lthread -pthread -pthreads -mthreads pthread --thread-safe -mt pthread-config"
+
+# The ordering *is* (sometimes) important.  Some notes on the
+# individual items follow:
+
+# pthreads: AIX (must check this before -lpthread)
+# none: in case threads are in libc; should be tried before -Kthread and
+#       other compiler flags to prevent continual compiler warnings
+# -Kthread: Sequent (threads in libc, but -Kthread needed for pthread.h)
+# -kthread: FreeBSD kernel threads (preferred to -pthread since SMP-able)
+# lthread: LinuxThreads port on FreeBSD (also preferred to -pthread)
+# -pthread: Linux/gcc (kernel threads), BSD/gcc (userland threads)
+# -pthreads: Solaris/gcc
+# -mthreads: Mingw32/gcc, Lynx/gcc
+# -mt: Sun Workshop C (may only link SunOS threads [-lthread], but it
+#      doesn't hurt to check since this sometimes defines pthreads too;
+#      also defines -D_REENTRANT)
+#      ... -mt is also the pthreads flag for HP/aCC
+# pthread: Linux, etcetera
+# --thread-safe: KAI C++
+# pthread-config: use pthread-config program (for GNU Pth library)
+
+case "${host_cpu}-${host_os}" in
+        *solaris*)
+
+        # On Solaris (at least, for some versions), libc contains stubbed
+        # (non-functional) versions of the pthreads routines, so link-based
+        # tests will erroneously succeed.  (We need to link with -pthreads/-mt/
+        # -lpthread.)  (The stubs are missing pthread_cleanup_push, or rather
+        # a function called by this macro, so we could check for that, but
+        # who knows whether they'll stub that too in a future libc.)  So,
+        # we'll just look for -pthreads and -lpthread first:
+
+        acx_pthread_flags="-pthreads pthread -mt -pthread $acx_pthread_flags"
+        ;;
+esac
+
+if test x"$acx_pthread_ok" = xno; then
+for flag in $acx_pthread_flags; do
+
+        case $flag in
+                none)
+                AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether pthreads work without any flags])
+                ;;
+
+                -*)
+                AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether pthreads work with $flag])
+                PTHREAD_CFLAGS="$flag"
+                ;;
+
+		pthread-config)
+		AC_CHECK_PROG(acx_pthread_config, pthread-config, yes, no)
+		if test x"$acx_pthread_config" = xno; then continue; fi
+		PTHREAD_CFLAGS="`pthread-config --cflags`"
+		PTHREAD_LIBS="`pthread-config --ldflags` `pthread-config --libs`"
+		;;
+
+                *)
+                AC_MSG_CHECKING([for the pthreads library -l$flag])
+                PTHREAD_LIBS="-l$flag"
+                ;;
+        esac
+
+        save_LIBS="$LIBS"
+        save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
+        LIBS="$PTHREAD_LIBS $LIBS"
+        CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $PTHREAD_CFLAGS"
+
+        # Check for various functions.  We must include pthread.h,
+        # since some functions may be macros.  (On the Sequent, we
+        # need a special flag -Kthread to make this header compile.)
+        # We check for pthread_join because it is in -lpthread on IRIX
+        # while pthread_create is in libc.  We check for pthread_attr_init
+        # due to DEC craziness with -lpthreads.  We check for
+        # pthread_cleanup_push because it is one of the few pthread
+        # functions on Solaris that doesn't have a non-functional libc stub.
+        # We try pthread_create on general principles.
+        AC_TRY_LINK([#include <pthread.h>],
+                    [pthread_t th; pthread_join(th, 0);
+                     pthread_attr_init(0); pthread_cleanup_push(0, 0);
+                     pthread_create(0,0,0,0); pthread_cleanup_pop(0); ],
+                    [acx_pthread_ok=yes])
+
+        LIBS="$save_LIBS"
+        CFLAGS="$save_CFLAGS"
+
+        AC_MSG_RESULT($acx_pthread_ok)
+        if test "x$acx_pthread_ok" = xyes; then
+                break;
+        fi
+
+        PTHREAD_LIBS=""
+        PTHREAD_CFLAGS=""
+done
+fi
+
+# Various other checks:
+if test "x$acx_pthread_ok" = xyes; then
+        save_LIBS="$LIBS"
+        LIBS="$PTHREAD_LIBS $LIBS"
+        save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
+        CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $PTHREAD_CFLAGS"
+
+        # Detect AIX lossage: JOINABLE attribute is called UNDETACHED.
+	AC_MSG_CHECKING([for joinable pthread attribute])
+	attr_name=unknown
+	for attr in PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE PTHREAD_CREATE_UNDETACHED; do
+	    AC_TRY_LINK([#include <pthread.h>], [int attr=$attr; return attr;],
+                        [attr_name=$attr; break])
+	done
+        AC_MSG_RESULT($attr_name)
+        if test "$attr_name" != PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE; then
+            AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE, $attr_name,
+                               [Define to necessary symbol if this constant
+                                uses a non-standard name on your system.])
+        fi
+
+        AC_MSG_CHECKING([if more special flags are required for pthreads])
+        flag=no
+        case "${host_cpu}-${host_os}" in
+            *-aix* | *-freebsd* | *-darwin*) flag="-D_THREAD_SAFE";;
+            *solaris* | *-osf* | *-hpux*) flag="-D_REENTRANT";;
+        esac
+        AC_MSG_RESULT(${flag})
+        if test "x$flag" != xno; then
+            PTHREAD_CFLAGS="$flag $PTHREAD_CFLAGS"
+        fi
+
+        LIBS="$save_LIBS"
+        CFLAGS="$save_CFLAGS"
+        # More AIX lossage: must compile with xlc_r or cc_r
+	if test x"$GCC" != xyes; then
+          AC_CHECK_PROGS(PTHREAD_CC, xlc_r cc_r, ${CC})
+        else
+          PTHREAD_CC=$CC
+	fi
+
+	# The next part tries to detect GCC inconsistency with -shared on some
+	# architectures and systems. The problem is that in certain
+	# configurations, when -shared is specified, GCC "forgets" to
+	# internally use various flags which are still necessary.
+	
+	#
+	# Prepare the flags
+	#
+	save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
+	save_LIBS="$LIBS"
+	save_CC="$CC"
+	
+	# Try with the flags determined by the earlier checks.
+	#
+	# -Wl,-z,defs forces link-time symbol resolution, so that the
+	# linking checks with -shared actually have any value
+	#
+	# FIXME: -fPIC is required for -shared on many architectures,
+	# so we specify it here, but the right way would probably be to
+	# properly detect whether it is actually required.
+	CFLAGS="-shared -fPIC -Wl,-z,defs $CFLAGS $PTHREAD_CFLAGS"
+	LIBS="$PTHREAD_LIBS $LIBS"
+	CC="$PTHREAD_CC"
+	
+	# In order not to create several levels of indentation, we test
+	# the value of "$done" until we find the cure or run out of ideas.
+	done="no"
+	
+	# First, make sure the CFLAGS we added are actually accepted by our
+	# compiler.  If not (and OS X's ld, for instance, does not accept -z),
+	# then we can't do this test.
+	if test x"$done" = xno; then
+	   AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether to check for GCC pthread/shared inconsistencies])
+	   AC_TRY_LINK(,, , [done=yes])
+	
+	   if test "x$done" = xyes ; then
+	      AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
+	   else
+	      AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
+	   fi
+	fi
+	
+	if test x"$done" = xno; then
+	   AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether -pthread is sufficient with -shared])
+	   AC_TRY_LINK([#include <pthread.h>],
+	      [pthread_t th; pthread_join(th, 0);
+	      pthread_attr_init(0); pthread_cleanup_push(0, 0);
+	      pthread_create(0,0,0,0); pthread_cleanup_pop(0); ],
+	      [done=yes])
+	   
+	   if test "x$done" = xyes; then
+	      AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
+	   else
+	      AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
+	   fi
+	fi
+	
+	#
+	# Linux gcc on some architectures such as mips/mipsel forgets
+	# about -lpthread
+	#
+	if test x"$done" = xno; then
+	   AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether -lpthread fixes that])
+	   LIBS="-lpthread $PTHREAD_LIBS $save_LIBS"
+	   AC_TRY_LINK([#include <pthread.h>],
+	      [pthread_t th; pthread_join(th, 0);
+	      pthread_attr_init(0); pthread_cleanup_push(0, 0);
+	      pthread_create(0,0,0,0); pthread_cleanup_pop(0); ],
+	      [done=yes])
+	
+	   if test "x$done" = xyes; then
+	      AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
+	      PTHREAD_LIBS="-lpthread $PTHREAD_LIBS"
+	   else
+	      AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
+	   fi
+	fi
+	#
+	# FreeBSD 4.10 gcc forgets to use -lc_r instead of -lc
+	#
+	if test x"$done" = xno; then
+	   AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether -lc_r fixes that])
+	   LIBS="-lc_r $PTHREAD_LIBS $save_LIBS"
+	   AC_TRY_LINK([#include <pthread.h>],
+	       [pthread_t th; pthread_join(th, 0);
+	        pthread_attr_init(0); pthread_cleanup_push(0, 0);
+	        pthread_create(0,0,0,0); pthread_cleanup_pop(0); ],
+	       [done=yes])
+	
+	   if test "x$done" = xyes; then
+	      AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
+	      PTHREAD_LIBS="-lc_r $PTHREAD_LIBS"
+	   else
+	      AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
+	   fi
+	fi
+	if test x"$done" = xno; then
+	   # OK, we have run out of ideas
+	   AC_MSG_WARN([Impossible to determine how to use pthreads with shared libraries])
+	
+	   # so it's not safe to assume that we may use pthreads
+	   acx_pthread_ok=no
+	fi
+	
+	CFLAGS="$save_CFLAGS"
+	LIBS="$save_LIBS"
+	CC="$save_CC"
+else
+        PTHREAD_CC="$CC"
+fi
+
+AC_SUBST(PTHREAD_LIBS)
+AC_SUBST(PTHREAD_CFLAGS)
+AC_SUBST(PTHREAD_CC)
+
+# Finally, execute ACTION-IF-FOUND/ACTION-IF-NOT-FOUND:
+if test x"$acx_pthread_ok" = xyes; then
+        ifelse([$1],,AC_DEFINE(HAVE_PTHREAD,1,[Define if you have POSIX threads libraries and header files.]),[$1])
+        :
+else
+        acx_pthread_ok=no
+        $2
+fi
+AC_LANG_RESTORE
+])dnl ACX_PTHREAD
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/m4/gtest.m4 b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/m4/gtest.m4
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6598ba75a4d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/m4/gtest.m4
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+dnl GTEST_LIB_CHECK([minimum version [,
+dnl                  action if found [,action if not found]]])
+dnl
+dnl Check for the presence of the Google Test library, optionally at a minimum
+dnl version, and indicate a viable version with the HAVE_GTEST flag. It defines
+dnl standard variables for substitution including GTEST_CPPFLAGS,
+dnl GTEST_CXXFLAGS, GTEST_LDFLAGS, and GTEST_LIBS. It also defines
+dnl GTEST_VERSION as the version of Google Test found. Finally, it provides
+dnl optional custom action slots in the event GTEST is found or not.
+AC_DEFUN([GTEST_LIB_CHECK],
+[
+dnl Provide a flag to enable or disable Google Test usage.
+AC_ARG_ENABLE([gtest],
+  [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-gtest],
+                  [Enable tests using the Google C++ Testing Framework.
+                  (Default is enabled.)])],
+  [],
+  [enable_gtest=])
+AC_ARG_VAR([GTEST_CONFIG],
+           [The exact path of Google Test's 'gtest-config' script.])
+AC_ARG_VAR([GTEST_CPPFLAGS],
+           [C-like preprocessor flags for Google Test.])
+AC_ARG_VAR([GTEST_CXXFLAGS],
+           [C++ compile flags for Google Test.])
+AC_ARG_VAR([GTEST_LDFLAGS],
+           [Linker path and option flags for Google Test.])
+AC_ARG_VAR([GTEST_LIBS],
+           [Library linking flags for Google Test.])
+AC_ARG_VAR([GTEST_VERSION],
+           [The version of Google Test available.])
+HAVE_GTEST="no"
+AS_IF([test "x${enable_gtest}" != "xno"],
+  [AC_MSG_CHECKING([for 'gtest-config'])
+   AS_IF([test "x${enable_gtest}" != "xyes"],
+     [AS_IF([test -x "${enable_gtest}/scripts/gtest-config"],
+        [GTEST_CONFIG="${enable_gtest}/scripts/gtest-config"],
+        [GTEST_CONFIG="${enable_gtest}/bin/gtest-config"])
+      AS_IF([test -x "${GTEST_CONFIG}"], [],
+        [AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
+         AC_MSG_ERROR([dnl
+Unable to locate either a built or installed Google Test.
+The specific location '${enable_gtest}' was provided for a built or installed
+Google Test, but no 'gtest-config' script could be found at this location.])
+         ])],
+     [AC_PATH_PROG([GTEST_CONFIG], [gtest-config])])
+   AS_IF([test -x "${GTEST_CONFIG}"],
+     [AC_MSG_RESULT([${GTEST_CONFIG}])
+      m4_ifval([$1],
+        [_gtest_min_version="--min-version=$1"
+         AC_MSG_CHECKING([for Google Test at least version >= $1])],
+        [_gtest_min_version="--min-version=0"
+         AC_MSG_CHECKING([for Google Test])])
+      AS_IF([${GTEST_CONFIG} ${_gtest_min_version}],
+        [AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
+         HAVE_GTEST='yes'],
+        [AC_MSG_RESULT([no])])],
+     [AC_MSG_RESULT([no])])
+   AS_IF([test "x${HAVE_GTEST}" = "xyes"],
+     [GTEST_CPPFLAGS=`${GTEST_CONFIG} --cppflags`
+      GTEST_CXXFLAGS=`${GTEST_CONFIG} --cxxflags`
+      GTEST_LDFLAGS=`${GTEST_CONFIG} --ldflags`
+      GTEST_LIBS=`${GTEST_CONFIG} --libs`
+      GTEST_VERSION=`${GTEST_CONFIG} --version`
+      AC_DEFINE([HAVE_GTEST],[1],[Defined when Google Test is available.])],
+     [AS_IF([test "x${enable_gtest}" = "xyes"],
+        [AC_MSG_ERROR([dnl
+Google Test was enabled, but no viable version could be found.])
+         ])])])
+AC_SUBST([HAVE_GTEST])
+AM_CONDITIONAL([HAVE_GTEST],[test "x$HAVE_GTEST" = "xyes"])
+AS_IF([test "x$HAVE_GTEST" = "xyes"],
+  [m4_ifval([$2], [$2])],
+  [m4_ifval([$3], [$3])])
+])
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/make/Makefile b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/make/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9ac74493ba55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/make/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# A sample Makefile for building Google Test and using it in user
+# tests.  Please tweak it to suit your environment and project.  You
+# may want to move it to your project's root directory.
+#
+# SYNOPSIS:
+#
+#   make [all]  - makes everything.
+#   make TARGET - makes the given target.
+#   make clean  - removes all files generated by make.
+
+# Please tweak the following variable definitions as needed by your
+# project, except GTEST_HEADERS, which you can use in your own targets
+# but shouldn't modify.
+
+# Points to the root of Google Test, relative to where this file is.
+# Remember to tweak this if you move this file.
+GTEST_DIR = ..
+
+# Where to find user code.
+USER_DIR = ../samples
+
+# Flags passed to the preprocessor.
+# Set Google Test's header directory as a system directory, such that
+# the compiler doesn't generate warnings in Google Test headers.
+CPPFLAGS += -isystem $(GTEST_DIR)/include
+
+# Flags passed to the C++ compiler.
+CXXFLAGS += -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread
+
+# All tests produced by this Makefile.  Remember to add new tests you
+# created to the list.
+TESTS = sample1_unittest
+
+# All Google Test headers.  Usually you shouldn't change this
+# definition.
+GTEST_HEADERS = $(GTEST_DIR)/include/gtest/*.h \
+                $(GTEST_DIR)/include/gtest/internal/*.h
+
+# House-keeping build targets.
+
+all : $(TESTS)
+
+clean :
+	rm -f $(TESTS) gtest.a gtest_main.a *.o
+
+# Builds gtest.a and gtest_main.a.
+
+# Usually you shouldn't tweak such internal variables, indicated by a
+# trailing _.
+GTEST_SRCS_ = $(GTEST_DIR)/src/*.cc $(GTEST_DIR)/src/*.h $(GTEST_HEADERS)
+
+# For simplicity and to avoid depending on Google Test's
+# implementation details, the dependencies specified below are
+# conservative and not optimized.  This is fine as Google Test
+# compiles fast and for ordinary users its source rarely changes.
+gtest-all.o : $(GTEST_SRCS_)
+	$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) -I$(GTEST_DIR) $(CXXFLAGS) -c \
+            $(GTEST_DIR)/src/gtest-all.cc
+
+gtest_main.o : $(GTEST_SRCS_)
+	$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) -I$(GTEST_DIR) $(CXXFLAGS) -c \
+            $(GTEST_DIR)/src/gtest_main.cc
+
+gtest.a : gtest-all.o
+	$(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ $^
+
+gtest_main.a : gtest-all.o gtest_main.o
+	$(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ $^
+
+# Builds a sample test.  A test should link with either gtest.a or
+# gtest_main.a, depending on whether it defines its own main()
+# function.
+
+sample1.o : $(USER_DIR)/sample1.cc $(USER_DIR)/sample1.h $(GTEST_HEADERS)
+	$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $(USER_DIR)/sample1.cc
+
+sample1_unittest.o : $(USER_DIR)/sample1_unittest.cc \
+                     $(USER_DIR)/sample1.h $(GTEST_HEADERS)
+	$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $(USER_DIR)/sample1_unittest.cc
+
+sample1_unittest : sample1.o sample1_unittest.o gtest_main.a
+	$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -lpthread $^ -o $@
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest-md.sln b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest-md.sln
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..829b4019ae3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest-md.sln
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 8.00
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "gtest-md", "gtest-md.vcproj", "{C8F6C172-56F2-4E76-B5FA-C3B423B31BE8}"
+	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
+	EndProjectSection
+EndProject
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "gtest_main-md", "gtest_main-md.vcproj", "{3AF54C8A-10BF-4332-9147-F68ED9862033}"
+	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
+	EndProjectSection
+EndProject
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "gtest_prod_test-md", "gtest_prod_test-md.vcproj", "{24848551-EF4F-47E8-9A9D-EA4D49BC3ECB}"
+	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
+	EndProjectSection
+EndProject
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "gtest_unittest-md", "gtest_unittest-md.vcproj", "{4D9FDFB5-986A-4139-823C-F4EE0ED481A2}"
+	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
+	EndProjectSection
+EndProject
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfiguration) = preSolution
+		Debug = Debug
+		Release = Release
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfiguration) = postSolution
+		{C8F6C172-56F2-4E76-B5FA-C3B423B31BE8}.Debug.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{C8F6C172-56F2-4E76-B5FA-C3B423B31BE8}.Debug.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{C8F6C172-56F2-4E76-B5FA-C3B423B31BE8}.Release.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{C8F6C172-56F2-4E76-B5FA-C3B423B31BE8}.Release.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{3AF54C8A-10BF-4332-9147-F68ED9862033}.Debug.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{3AF54C8A-10BF-4332-9147-F68ED9862033}.Debug.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{3AF54C8A-10BF-4332-9147-F68ED9862033}.Release.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{3AF54C8A-10BF-4332-9147-F68ED9862033}.Release.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{24848551-EF4F-47E8-9A9D-EA4D49BC3ECB}.Debug.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{24848551-EF4F-47E8-9A9D-EA4D49BC3ECB}.Debug.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{24848551-EF4F-47E8-9A9D-EA4D49BC3ECB}.Release.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{24848551-EF4F-47E8-9A9D-EA4D49BC3ECB}.Release.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{4D9FDFB5-986A-4139-823C-F4EE0ED481A2}.Debug.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{4D9FDFB5-986A-4139-823C-F4EE0ED481A2}.Debug.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{4D9FDFB5-986A-4139-823C-F4EE0ED481A2}.Release.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{4D9FDFB5-986A-4139-823C-F4EE0ED481A2}.Release.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) = postSolution
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ExtensibilityAddIns) = postSolution
+	EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest-md.vcproj b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest-md.vcproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1c1496ccbf0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest-md.vcproj
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="Windows-1252"?>
+<VisualStudioProject
+	ProjectType="Visual C++"
+	Version="7.10"
+	Name="gtest-md"
+	ProjectGUID="{C8F6C172-56F2-4E76-B5FA-C3B423B31BE8}"
+	Keyword="Win32Proj">
+	<Platforms>
+		<Platform
+			Name="Win32"/>
+	</Platforms>
+	<Configurations>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Debug|Win32"
+			OutputDirectory="$(SolutionName)/$(ConfigurationName)"
+			IntermediateDirectory="$(OutDir)/$(ProjectName)"
+			ConfigurationType="4"
+			CharacterSet="2"
+			ReferencesPath="">
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				Optimization="0"
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;_DEBUG;_LIB"
+				MinimalRebuild="TRUE"
+				BasicRuntimeChecks="3"
+				RuntimeLibrary="3"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="0"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				Detect64BitPortabilityProblems="FALSE"
+				DebugInformationFormat="4"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLibrarianTool"
+				OutputFile="$(OutDir)/gtestd.lib"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCAuxiliaryManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+		</Configuration>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Release|Win32"
+			OutputDirectory="$(SolutionName)/$(ConfigurationName)"
+			IntermediateDirectory="$(OutDir)/$(ProjectName)"
+			ConfigurationType="4"
+			CharacterSet="2"
+			ReferencesPath="&quot;..\include&quot;;&quot;..&quot;">
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;NDEBUG;_LIB"
+				RuntimeLibrary="2"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="0"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				Detect64BitPortabilityProblems="FALSE"
+				DebugInformationFormat="3"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLibrarianTool"
+				OutputFile="$(OutDir)/gtest.lib"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCAuxiliaryManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+		</Configuration>
+	</Configurations>
+	<References>
+	</References>
+	<Files>
+		<Filter
+			Name="Source Files"
+			Filter="cpp;c;cxx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx"
+			UniqueIdentifier="{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}">
+			<File
+				RelativePath="..\src\gtest-all.cc">
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Debug|Win32">
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+						AdditionalIncludeDirectories="&quot;..&quot;;&quot;..\include&quot;"/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Release|Win32">
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+						AdditionalIncludeDirectories="&quot;..&quot;;&quot;..\include&quot;"/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+			</File>
+		</Filter>
+		<Filter
+			Name="Header Files"
+			Filter="h;hpp;hxx;hm;inl;inc;xsd"
+			UniqueIdentifier="{93995380-89BD-4b04-88EB-625FBE52EBFB}">
+		</Filter>
+	</Files>
+	<Globals>
+	</Globals>
+</VisualStudioProject>
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest.sln b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest.sln
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c1b2929649ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest.sln
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 8.00
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "gtest", "gtest.vcproj", "{C8F6C172-56F2-4E76-B5FA-C3B423B31BE7}"
+	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
+	EndProjectSection
+EndProject
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "gtest_main", "gtest_main.vcproj", "{3AF54C8A-10BF-4332-9147-F68ED9862032}"
+	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
+	EndProjectSection
+EndProject
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "gtest_unittest", "gtest_unittest.vcproj", "{4D9FDFB5-986A-4139-823C-F4EE0ED481A1}"
+	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
+	EndProjectSection
+EndProject
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "gtest_prod_test", "gtest_prod_test.vcproj", "{24848551-EF4F-47E8-9A9D-EA4D49BC3ECA}"
+	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
+	EndProjectSection
+EndProject
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfiguration) = preSolution
+		Debug = Debug
+		Release = Release
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfiguration) = postSolution
+		{C8F6C172-56F2-4E76-B5FA-C3B423B31BE7}.Debug.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{C8F6C172-56F2-4E76-B5FA-C3B423B31BE7}.Debug.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{C8F6C172-56F2-4E76-B5FA-C3B423B31BE7}.Release.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{C8F6C172-56F2-4E76-B5FA-C3B423B31BE7}.Release.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{3AF54C8A-10BF-4332-9147-F68ED9862032}.Debug.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{3AF54C8A-10BF-4332-9147-F68ED9862032}.Debug.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{3AF54C8A-10BF-4332-9147-F68ED9862032}.Release.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{3AF54C8A-10BF-4332-9147-F68ED9862032}.Release.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{4D9FDFB5-986A-4139-823C-F4EE0ED481A1}.Debug.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{4D9FDFB5-986A-4139-823C-F4EE0ED481A1}.Debug.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{4D9FDFB5-986A-4139-823C-F4EE0ED481A1}.Release.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{4D9FDFB5-986A-4139-823C-F4EE0ED481A1}.Release.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{24848551-EF4F-47E8-9A9D-EA4D49BC3ECA}.Debug.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{24848551-EF4F-47E8-9A9D-EA4D49BC3ECA}.Debug.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{24848551-EF4F-47E8-9A9D-EA4D49BC3ECA}.Release.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{24848551-EF4F-47E8-9A9D-EA4D49BC3ECA}.Release.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) = postSolution
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ExtensibilityAddIns) = postSolution
+	EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest.vcproj b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest.vcproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..449e7e09ea7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest.vcproj
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="Windows-1252"?>
+<VisualStudioProject
+	ProjectType="Visual C++"
+	Version="7.10"
+	Name="gtest"
+	ProjectGUID="{C8F6C172-56F2-4E76-B5FA-C3B423B31BE7}"
+	Keyword="Win32Proj">
+	<Platforms>
+		<Platform
+			Name="Win32"/>
+	</Platforms>
+	<Configurations>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Debug|Win32"
+			OutputDirectory="$(SolutionName)/$(ConfigurationName)"
+			IntermediateDirectory="$(OutDir)/$(ProjectName)"
+			ConfigurationType="4"
+			CharacterSet="2"
+			ReferencesPath="">
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				Optimization="0"
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;_DEBUG;_LIB"
+				MinimalRebuild="TRUE"
+				BasicRuntimeChecks="3"
+				RuntimeLibrary="5"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="0"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				Detect64BitPortabilityProblems="FALSE"
+				DebugInformationFormat="4"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLibrarianTool"
+				OutputFile="$(OutDir)/gtestd.lib"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCAuxiliaryManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+		</Configuration>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Release|Win32"
+			OutputDirectory="$(SolutionName)/$(ConfigurationName)"
+			IntermediateDirectory="$(OutDir)/$(ProjectName)"
+			ConfigurationType="4"
+			CharacterSet="2"
+			ReferencesPath="&quot;..\include&quot;;&quot;..&quot;">
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;NDEBUG;_LIB"
+				RuntimeLibrary="4"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="0"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				Detect64BitPortabilityProblems="FALSE"
+				DebugInformationFormat="3"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLibrarianTool"
+				OutputFile="$(OutDir)/gtest.lib"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCAuxiliaryManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+		</Configuration>
+	</Configurations>
+	<References>
+	</References>
+	<Files>
+		<Filter
+			Name="Source Files"
+			Filter="cpp;c;cxx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx"
+			UniqueIdentifier="{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}">
+			<File
+				RelativePath="..\src\gtest-all.cc">
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Debug|Win32">
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+						AdditionalIncludeDirectories="&quot;..&quot;;&quot;..\include&quot;"/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Release|Win32">
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+						AdditionalIncludeDirectories="&quot;..&quot;;&quot;..\include&quot;"/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+			</File>
+		</Filter>
+		<Filter
+			Name="Header Files"
+			Filter="h;hpp;hxx;hm;inl;inc;xsd"
+			UniqueIdentifier="{93995380-89BD-4b04-88EB-625FBE52EBFB}">
+		</Filter>
+	</Files>
+	<Globals>
+	</Globals>
+</VisualStudioProject>
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest.vcxproj b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest.vcxproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..df42db3774d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest.vcxproj
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="15.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
+    <ProjectGuid>{2AF210A9-5BDC-45E8-95DD-07B5A2616493}</ProjectGuid>
+    <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <PlatformToolset>v141</PlatformToolset>
+    <CharacterSet>MultiByte</CharacterSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <PlatformToolset>v141</PlatformToolset>
+    <CharacterSet>MultiByte</CharacterSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <_ProjectFileVersion>15.0.27428.2015</_ProjectFileVersion>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <OutDir>$(SolutionName)/$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir>$(OutDir)$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <OutDir>$(SolutionName)/$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir>$(OutDir)$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_LIB;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MinimalRebuild>true</MinimalRebuild>
+      <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebugDLL</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <PrecompiledHeader />
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>EditAndContinue</DebugInformationFormat>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Lib>
+      <OutputFile>$(OutDir)gtestd.lib</OutputFile>
+    </Lib>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_LIB;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDLL</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <PrecompiledHeader />
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>ProgramDatabase</DebugInformationFormat>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Lib>
+      <OutputFile>$(OutDir)gtest.lib</OutputFile>
+    </Lib>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\src\gtest-all.cc">
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">..;..\include;%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">..;..\include;%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
+  </ImportGroup>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest.vcxproj.filters b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest.vcxproj.filters
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b566f891e905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest.vcxproj.filters
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Filter Include="Source Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>cpp;c;cxx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="Header Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{93995380-89BD-4b04-88EB-625FBE52EBFB}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>h;hpp;hxx;hm;inl;inc;xsd</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\src\gtest-all.cc">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest_main-md.vcproj b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest_main-md.vcproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d00956cd3d26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest_main-md.vcproj
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="Windows-1252"?>
+<VisualStudioProject
+	ProjectType="Visual C++"
+	Version="7.10"
+	Name="gtest_main-md"
+	ProjectGUID="{3AF54C8A-10BF-4332-9147-F68ED9862033}"
+	Keyword="Win32Proj">
+	<Platforms>
+		<Platform
+			Name="Win32"/>
+	</Platforms>
+	<Configurations>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Debug|Win32"
+			OutputDirectory="$(SolutionName)/$(ConfigurationName)"
+			IntermediateDirectory="$(OutDir)/$(ProjectName)"
+			ConfigurationType="4"
+			CharacterSet="2"
+			ReferencesPath="">
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				Optimization="0"
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;_DEBUG;_LIB"
+				MinimalRebuild="TRUE"
+				BasicRuntimeChecks="3"
+				RuntimeLibrary="3"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="0"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				Detect64BitPortabilityProblems="FALSE"
+				DebugInformationFormat="4"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLibrarianTool"
+				OutputFile="$(OutDir)/$(ProjectName)d.lib"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCAuxiliaryManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+		</Configuration>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Release|Win32"
+			OutputDirectory="$(SolutionName)/$(ConfigurationName)"
+			IntermediateDirectory="$(OutDir)/$(ProjectName)"
+			ConfigurationType="4"
+			CharacterSet="2"
+			ReferencesPath="&quot;..\include&quot;;&quot;..&quot;">
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;NDEBUG;_LIB"
+				RuntimeLibrary="2"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="0"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				Detect64BitPortabilityProblems="FALSE"
+				DebugInformationFormat="3"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLibrarianTool"
+				OutputFile="$(OutDir)/$(ProjectName).lib"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCAuxiliaryManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+		</Configuration>
+	</Configurations>
+	<References>
+		<ProjectReference
+			ReferencedProjectIdentifier="{C8F6C172-56F2-4E76-B5FA-C3B423B31BE8}"
+			Name="gtest-md"/>
+	</References>
+	<Files>
+		<Filter
+			Name="Source Files"
+			Filter="cpp;c;cxx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx"
+			UniqueIdentifier="{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}">
+			<File
+				RelativePath="..\src\gtest_main.cc">
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Debug|Win32">
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+						AdditionalIncludeDirectories="&quot;..&quot;;&quot;..\include&quot;"/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Release|Win32">
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+						AdditionalIncludeDirectories="&quot;..&quot;;&quot;..\include&quot;"/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+			</File>
+		</Filter>
+		<Filter
+			Name="Header Files"
+			Filter="h;hpp;hxx;hm;inl;inc;xsd"
+			UniqueIdentifier="{93995380-89BD-4b04-88EB-625FBE52EBFB}">
+		</Filter>
+	</Files>
+	<Globals>
+	</Globals>
+</VisualStudioProject>
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest_main.vcproj b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest_main.vcproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e7e9f417685f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest_main.vcproj
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="Windows-1252"?>
+<VisualStudioProject
+	ProjectType="Visual C++"
+	Version="7.10"
+	Name="gtest_main"
+	ProjectGUID="{3AF54C8A-10BF-4332-9147-F68ED9862032}"
+	Keyword="Win32Proj">
+	<Platforms>
+		<Platform
+			Name="Win32"/>
+	</Platforms>
+	<Configurations>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Debug|Win32"
+			OutputDirectory="$(SolutionName)/$(ConfigurationName)"
+			IntermediateDirectory="$(OutDir)/$(ProjectName)"
+			ConfigurationType="4"
+			CharacterSet="2"
+			ReferencesPath="">
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				Optimization="0"
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;_DEBUG;_LIB"
+				MinimalRebuild="TRUE"
+				BasicRuntimeChecks="3"
+				RuntimeLibrary="5"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="0"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				Detect64BitPortabilityProblems="FALSE"
+				DebugInformationFormat="4"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLibrarianTool"
+				OutputFile="$(OutDir)/$(ProjectName)d.lib"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCAuxiliaryManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+		</Configuration>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Release|Win32"
+			OutputDirectory="$(SolutionName)/$(ConfigurationName)"
+			IntermediateDirectory="$(OutDir)/$(ProjectName)"
+			ConfigurationType="4"
+			CharacterSet="2"
+			ReferencesPath="&quot;..\include&quot;;&quot;..&quot;">
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;NDEBUG;_LIB"
+				RuntimeLibrary="4"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="0"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				Detect64BitPortabilityProblems="FALSE"
+				DebugInformationFormat="3"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLibrarianTool"
+				OutputFile="$(OutDir)/$(ProjectName).lib"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCAuxiliaryManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+		</Configuration>
+	</Configurations>
+	<References>
+		<ProjectReference
+			ReferencedProjectIdentifier="{C8F6C172-56F2-4E76-B5FA-C3B423B31BE7}"
+			Name="gtest"/>
+	</References>
+	<Files>
+		<Filter
+			Name="Source Files"
+			Filter="cpp;c;cxx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx"
+			UniqueIdentifier="{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}">
+			<File
+				RelativePath="..\src\gtest_main.cc">
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Debug|Win32">
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+						AdditionalIncludeDirectories="&quot;..&quot;;&quot;..\include&quot;"/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Release|Win32">
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+						AdditionalIncludeDirectories="&quot;..&quot;;&quot;..\include&quot;"/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+			</File>
+		</Filter>
+		<Filter
+			Name="Header Files"
+			Filter="h;hpp;hxx;hm;inl;inc;xsd"
+			UniqueIdentifier="{93995380-89BD-4b04-88EB-625FBE52EBFB}">
+		</Filter>
+	</Files>
+	<Globals>
+	</Globals>
+</VisualStudioProject>
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest_prod_test-md.vcproj b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest_prod_test-md.vcproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4071d28fed01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest_prod_test-md.vcproj
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="Windows-1252"?>
+<VisualStudioProject
+	ProjectType="Visual C++"
+	Version="7.10"
+	Name="gtest_prod_test-md"
+	ProjectGUID="{24848551-EF4F-47E8-9A9D-EA4D49BC3ECB}"
+	Keyword="Win32Proj">
+	<Platforms>
+		<Platform
+			Name="Win32"/>
+	</Platforms>
+	<Configurations>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Debug|Win32"
+			OutputDirectory="$(SolutionName)/$(ConfigurationName)"
+			IntermediateDirectory="$(OutDir)/$(ProjectName)"
+			ConfigurationType="1"
+			CharacterSet="2">
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				Optimization="0"
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE"
+				MinimalRebuild="TRUE"
+				BasicRuntimeChecks="3"
+				RuntimeLibrary="3"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="3"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				Detect64BitPortabilityProblems="FALSE"
+				DebugInformationFormat="4"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLinkerTool"
+				OutputFile="$(OutDir)/gtest_prod_test.exe"
+				LinkIncremental="2"
+				GenerateDebugInformation="TRUE"
+				ProgramDatabaseFile="$(OutDir)/gtest_prod_test.pdb"
+				SubSystem="1"
+				TargetMachine="1"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebDeploymentTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCAuxiliaryManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+		</Configuration>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Release|Win32"
+			OutputDirectory="$(SolutionName)/$(ConfigurationName)"
+			IntermediateDirectory="$(OutDir)/$(ProjectName)"
+			ConfigurationType="1"
+			CharacterSet="2">
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;NDEBUG;_CONSOLE"
+				RuntimeLibrary="2"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="3"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				Detect64BitPortabilityProblems="FALSE"
+				DebugInformationFormat="3"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLinkerTool"
+				OutputFile="$(OutDir)/gtest_prod_test.exe"
+				LinkIncremental="1"
+				GenerateDebugInformation="TRUE"
+				SubSystem="1"
+				OptimizeReferences="2"
+				EnableCOMDATFolding="2"
+				TargetMachine="1"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebDeploymentTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCAuxiliaryManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+		</Configuration>
+	</Configurations>
+	<References>
+		<ProjectReference
+			ReferencedProjectIdentifier="{3AF54C8A-10BF-4332-9147-F68ED9862033}"
+			Name="gtest_main-md"/>
+	</References>
+	<Files>
+		<Filter
+			Name="Source Files"
+			Filter="cpp;c;cxx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx"
+			UniqueIdentifier="{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}">
+			<File
+				RelativePath="..\test\gtest_prod_test.cc">
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Debug|Win32">
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+						AdditionalIncludeDirectories="&quot;..&quot;;&quot;..\include&quot;"
+						UsePrecompiledHeader="0"/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Release|Win32">
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+						AdditionalIncludeDirectories="&quot;..&quot;;&quot;..\include&quot;"
+						UsePrecompiledHeader="0"/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+			</File>
+			<File
+				RelativePath="..\test\production.cc">
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Debug|Win32">
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+						AdditionalIncludeDirectories="&quot;..&quot;;&quot;..\include&quot;"
+						UsePrecompiledHeader="0"/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Release|Win32">
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+						AdditionalIncludeDirectories="&quot;..&quot;;&quot;..\include&quot;"
+						UsePrecompiledHeader="0"/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+			</File>
+		</Filter>
+		<Filter
+			Name="Header Files"
+			Filter="h;hpp;hxx;hm;inl;inc;xsd"
+			UniqueIdentifier="{93995380-89BD-4b04-88EB-625FBE52EBFB}">
+			<File
+				RelativePath="..\test\production.h">
+			</File>
+		</Filter>
+	</Files>
+	<Globals>
+	</Globals>
+</VisualStudioProject>
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest_prod_test.vcproj b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest_prod_test.vcproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..998c75808a16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest_prod_test.vcproj
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="Windows-1252"?>
+<VisualStudioProject
+	ProjectType="Visual C++"
+	Version="7.10"
+	Name="gtest_prod_test"
+	ProjectGUID="{24848551-EF4F-47E8-9A9D-EA4D49BC3ECA}"
+	Keyword="Win32Proj">
+	<Platforms>
+		<Platform
+			Name="Win32"/>
+	</Platforms>
+	<Configurations>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Debug|Win32"
+			OutputDirectory="$(SolutionName)/$(ConfigurationName)"
+			IntermediateDirectory="$(OutDir)/$(ProjectName)"
+			ConfigurationType="1"
+			CharacterSet="2">
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				Optimization="0"
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE"
+				MinimalRebuild="TRUE"
+				BasicRuntimeChecks="3"
+				RuntimeLibrary="5"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="3"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				Detect64BitPortabilityProblems="FALSE"
+				DebugInformationFormat="4"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLinkerTool"
+				OutputFile="$(OutDir)/gtest_prod_test.exe"
+				LinkIncremental="2"
+				GenerateDebugInformation="TRUE"
+				ProgramDatabaseFile="$(OutDir)/gtest_prod_test.pdb"
+				SubSystem="1"
+				TargetMachine="1"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebDeploymentTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCAuxiliaryManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+		</Configuration>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Release|Win32"
+			OutputDirectory="$(SolutionName)/$(ConfigurationName)"
+			IntermediateDirectory="$(OutDir)/$(ProjectName)"
+			ConfigurationType="1"
+			CharacterSet="2">
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;NDEBUG;_CONSOLE"
+				RuntimeLibrary="4"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="3"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				Detect64BitPortabilityProblems="FALSE"
+				DebugInformationFormat="3"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLinkerTool"
+				OutputFile="$(OutDir)/gtest_prod_test.exe"
+				LinkIncremental="1"
+				GenerateDebugInformation="TRUE"
+				SubSystem="1"
+				OptimizeReferences="2"
+				EnableCOMDATFolding="2"
+				TargetMachine="1"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebDeploymentTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCAuxiliaryManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+		</Configuration>
+	</Configurations>
+	<References>
+		<ProjectReference
+			ReferencedProjectIdentifier="{3AF54C8A-10BF-4332-9147-F68ED9862032}"
+			Name="gtest_main"/>
+	</References>
+	<Files>
+		<Filter
+			Name="Source Files"
+			Filter="cpp;c;cxx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx"
+			UniqueIdentifier="{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}">
+			<File
+				RelativePath="..\test\gtest_prod_test.cc">
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Debug|Win32">
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+						AdditionalIncludeDirectories="&quot;..&quot;;&quot;..\include&quot;"
+						UsePrecompiledHeader="0"/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Release|Win32">
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+						AdditionalIncludeDirectories="&quot;..&quot;;&quot;..\include&quot;"
+						UsePrecompiledHeader="0"/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+			</File>
+			<File
+				RelativePath="..\test\production.cc">
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Debug|Win32">
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+						AdditionalIncludeDirectories="&quot;..&quot;;&quot;..\include&quot;"
+						UsePrecompiledHeader="0"/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Release|Win32">
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+						AdditionalIncludeDirectories="&quot;..&quot;;&quot;..\include&quot;"
+						UsePrecompiledHeader="0"/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+			</File>
+		</Filter>
+		<Filter
+			Name="Header Files"
+			Filter="h;hpp;hxx;hm;inl;inc;xsd"
+			UniqueIdentifier="{93995380-89BD-4b04-88EB-625FBE52EBFB}">
+			<File
+				RelativePath="..\test\production.h">
+			</File>
+		</Filter>
+	</Files>
+	<Globals>
+	</Globals>
+</VisualStudioProject>
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest_unittest-md.vcproj b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest_unittest-md.vcproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1525939750d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest_unittest-md.vcproj
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="Windows-1252"?>
+<VisualStudioProject
+	ProjectType="Visual C++"
+	Version="7.10"
+	Name="gtest_unittest-md"
+	ProjectGUID="{4D9FDFB5-986A-4139-823C-F4EE0ED481A2}"
+	Keyword="Win32Proj">
+	<Platforms>
+		<Platform
+			Name="Win32"/>
+	</Platforms>
+	<Configurations>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Debug|Win32"
+			OutputDirectory="$(SolutionName)/$(ConfigurationName)"
+			IntermediateDirectory="$(OutDir)/$(ProjectName)"
+			ConfigurationType="1"
+			CharacterSet="2">
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				Optimization="0"
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE"
+				MinimalRebuild="TRUE"
+				BasicRuntimeChecks="3"
+				RuntimeLibrary="3"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="3"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				Detect64BitPortabilityProblems="FALSE"
+				DebugInformationFormat="4"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLinkerTool"
+				OutputFile="$(OutDir)/gtest_unittest.exe"
+				LinkIncremental="2"
+				GenerateDebugInformation="TRUE"
+				ProgramDatabaseFile="$(OutDir)/gtest_unittest.pdb"
+				SubSystem="1"
+				TargetMachine="1"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebDeploymentTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCAuxiliaryManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+		</Configuration>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Release|Win32"
+			OutputDirectory="$(SolutionName)/$(ConfigurationName)"
+			IntermediateDirectory="$(OutDir)/$(ProjectName)"
+			ConfigurationType="1"
+			CharacterSet="2">
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;NDEBUG;_CONSOLE"
+				RuntimeLibrary="2"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="3"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				Detect64BitPortabilityProblems="FALSE"
+				DebugInformationFormat="3"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLinkerTool"
+				OutputFile="$(OutDir)/gtest_unittest.exe"
+				LinkIncremental="1"
+				GenerateDebugInformation="TRUE"
+				SubSystem="1"
+				OptimizeReferences="2"
+				EnableCOMDATFolding="2"
+				TargetMachine="1"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebDeploymentTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCAuxiliaryManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+		</Configuration>
+	</Configurations>
+	<References>
+		<ProjectReference
+			ReferencedProjectIdentifier="{3AF54C8A-10BF-4332-9147-F68ED9862033}"
+			Name="gtest_main-md"/>
+	</References>
+	<Files>
+		<Filter
+			Name="Source Files"
+			Filter="cpp;c;cxx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx"
+			UniqueIdentifier="{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}">
+			<File
+				RelativePath="..\test\gtest_unittest.cc">
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Debug|Win32">
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+						Optimization="1"
+						AdditionalIncludeDirectories="&quot;..&quot;;&quot;..\include&quot;"
+						BasicRuntimeChecks="0"
+						UsePrecompiledHeader="0"
+						DebugInformationFormat="3"/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Release|Win32">
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+						AdditionalIncludeDirectories="&quot;..&quot;;&quot;..\include&quot;"
+						UsePrecompiledHeader="0"/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+			</File>
+		</Filter>
+		<Filter
+			Name="Header Files"
+			Filter="h;hpp;hxx;hm;inl;inc;xsd"
+			UniqueIdentifier="{93995380-89BD-4b04-88EB-625FBE52EBFB}">
+		</Filter>
+	</Files>
+	<Globals>
+	</Globals>
+</VisualStudioProject>
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest_unittest.vcproj b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest_unittest.vcproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2b2d74345710
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/msvc/gtest_unittest.vcproj
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="Windows-1252"?>
+<VisualStudioProject
+	ProjectType="Visual C++"
+	Version="7.10"
+	Name="gtest_unittest"
+	ProjectGUID="{4D9FDFB5-986A-4139-823C-F4EE0ED481A1}"
+	Keyword="Win32Proj">
+	<Platforms>
+		<Platform
+			Name="Win32"/>
+	</Platforms>
+	<Configurations>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Debug|Win32"
+			OutputDirectory="$(SolutionName)/$(ConfigurationName)"
+			IntermediateDirectory="$(OutDir)/$(ProjectName)"
+			ConfigurationType="1"
+			CharacterSet="2">
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				Optimization="0"
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE"
+				MinimalRebuild="TRUE"
+				BasicRuntimeChecks="3"
+				RuntimeLibrary="5"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="3"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				Detect64BitPortabilityProblems="FALSE"
+				DebugInformationFormat="4"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLinkerTool"
+				OutputFile="$(OutDir)/gtest_unittest.exe"
+				LinkIncremental="2"
+				GenerateDebugInformation="TRUE"
+				ProgramDatabaseFile="$(OutDir)/gtest_unittest.pdb"
+				SubSystem="1"
+				TargetMachine="1"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebDeploymentTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCAuxiliaryManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+		</Configuration>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Release|Win32"
+			OutputDirectory="$(SolutionName)/$(ConfigurationName)"
+			IntermediateDirectory="$(OutDir)/$(ProjectName)"
+			ConfigurationType="1"
+			CharacterSet="2">
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;NDEBUG;_CONSOLE"
+				RuntimeLibrary="4"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="3"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				Detect64BitPortabilityProblems="FALSE"
+				DebugInformationFormat="3"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLinkerTool"
+				OutputFile="$(OutDir)/gtest_unittest.exe"
+				LinkIncremental="1"
+				GenerateDebugInformation="TRUE"
+				SubSystem="1"
+				OptimizeReferences="2"
+				EnableCOMDATFolding="2"
+				TargetMachine="1"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebDeploymentTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCAuxiliaryManagedWrapperGeneratorTool"/>
+		</Configuration>
+	</Configurations>
+	<References>
+		<ProjectReference
+			ReferencedProjectIdentifier="{3AF54C8A-10BF-4332-9147-F68ED9862032}"
+			Name="gtest_main"/>
+	</References>
+	<Files>
+		<Filter
+			Name="Source Files"
+			Filter="cpp;c;cxx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx"
+			UniqueIdentifier="{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}">
+			<File
+				RelativePath="..\test\gtest_unittest.cc">
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Debug|Win32">
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+						Optimization="1"
+						AdditionalIncludeDirectories="&quot;..&quot;;&quot;..\include&quot;"
+						BasicRuntimeChecks="0"
+						UsePrecompiledHeader="0"
+						DebugInformationFormat="3"/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Release|Win32">
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+						AdditionalIncludeDirectories="&quot;..&quot;;&quot;..\include&quot;"
+						UsePrecompiledHeader="0"/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+			</File>
+		</Filter>
+		<Filter
+			Name="Header Files"
+			Filter="h;hpp;hxx;hm;inl;inc;xsd"
+			UniqueIdentifier="{93995380-89BD-4b04-88EB-625FBE52EBFB}">
+		</Filter>
+	</Files>
+	<Globals>
+	</Globals>
+</VisualStudioProject>
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/prime_tables.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/prime_tables.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..92ce16a0144d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/prime_tables.h
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+// All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+// Author: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
+
+// This provides interface PrimeTable that determines whether a number is a
+// prime and determines a next prime number. This interface is used
+// in Google Test samples demonstrating use of parameterized tests.
+
+#ifndef GTEST_SAMPLES_PRIME_TABLES_H_
+#define GTEST_SAMPLES_PRIME_TABLES_H_
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+// The prime table interface.
+class PrimeTable {
+ public:
+  virtual ~PrimeTable() {}
+
+  // Returns true iff n is a prime number.
+  virtual bool IsPrime(int n) const = 0;
+
+  // Returns the smallest prime number greater than p; or returns -1
+  // if the next prime is beyond the capacity of the table.
+  virtual int GetNextPrime(int p) const = 0;
+};
+
+// Implementation #1 calculates the primes on-the-fly.
+class OnTheFlyPrimeTable : public PrimeTable {
+ public:
+  virtual bool IsPrime(int n) const {
+    if (n <= 1) return false;
+
+    for (int i = 2; i*i <= n; i++) {
+      // n is divisible by an integer other than 1 and itself.
+      if ((n % i) == 0) return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  virtual int GetNextPrime(int p) const {
+    for (int n = p + 1; n > 0; n++) {
+      if (IsPrime(n)) return n;
+    }
+
+    return -1;
+  }
+};
+
+// Implementation #2 pre-calculates the primes and stores the result
+// in an array.
+class PreCalculatedPrimeTable : public PrimeTable {
+ public:
+  // 'max' specifies the maximum number the prime table holds.
+  explicit PreCalculatedPrimeTable(int max)
+      : is_prime_size_(max + 1), is_prime_(new bool[max + 1]) {
+    CalculatePrimesUpTo(max);
+  }
+  virtual ~PreCalculatedPrimeTable() { delete[] is_prime_; }
+
+  virtual bool IsPrime(int n) const {
+    return 0 <= n && n < is_prime_size_ && is_prime_[n];
+  }
+
+  virtual int GetNextPrime(int p) const {
+    for (int n = p + 1; n < is_prime_size_; n++) {
+      if (is_prime_[n]) return n;
+    }
+
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  void CalculatePrimesUpTo(int max) {
+    ::std::fill(is_prime_, is_prime_ + is_prime_size_, true);
+    is_prime_[0] = is_prime_[1] = false;
+
+    for (int i = 2; i <= max; i++) {
+      if (!is_prime_[i]) continue;
+
+      // Marks all multiples of i (except i itself) as non-prime.
+      for (int j = 2*i; j <= max; j += i) {
+        is_prime_[j] = false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const int is_prime_size_;
+  bool* const is_prime_;
+
+  // Disables compiler warning "assignment operator could not be generated."
+  void operator=(const PreCalculatedPrimeTable& rhs);
+};
+
+#endif  // GTEST_SAMPLES_PRIME_TABLES_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample1.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample1.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f171e2609d25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample1.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// A sample program demonstrating using Google C++ testing framework.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+#include "sample1.h"
+
+// Returns n! (the factorial of n).  For negative n, n! is defined to be 1.
+int Factorial(int n) {
+  int result = 1;
+  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
+    result *= i;
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Returns true iff n is a prime number.
+bool IsPrime(int n) {
+  // Trivial case 1: small numbers
+  if (n <= 1) return false;
+
+  // Trivial case 2: even numbers
+  if (n % 2 == 0) return n == 2;
+
+  // Now, we have that n is odd and n >= 3.
+
+  // Try to divide n by every odd number i, starting from 3
+  for (int i = 3; ; i += 2) {
+    // We only have to try i up to the squre root of n
+    if (i > n/i) break;
+
+    // Now, we have i <= n/i < n.
+    // If n is divisible by i, n is not prime.
+    if (n % i == 0) return false;
+  }
+
+  // n has no integer factor in the range (1, n), and thus is prime.
+  return true;
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample1.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample1.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3dfeb98c4503
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample1.h
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// A sample program demonstrating using Google C++ testing framework.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+#ifndef GTEST_SAMPLES_SAMPLE1_H_
+#define GTEST_SAMPLES_SAMPLE1_H_
+
+// Returns n! (the factorial of n).  For negative n, n! is defined to be 1.
+int Factorial(int n);
+
+// Returns true iff n is a prime number.
+bool IsPrime(int n);
+
+#endif  // GTEST_SAMPLES_SAMPLE1_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample10_unittest.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample10_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0051cd5dcd71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample10_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+// Copyright 2009 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
+
+// This sample shows how to use Google Test listener API to implement
+// a primitive leak checker.
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+using ::testing::EmptyTestEventListener;
+using ::testing::InitGoogleTest;
+using ::testing::Test;
+using ::testing::TestCase;
+using ::testing::TestEventListeners;
+using ::testing::TestInfo;
+using ::testing::TestPartResult;
+using ::testing::UnitTest;
+
+namespace {
+
+// We will track memory used by this class.
+class Water {
+ public:
+  // Normal Water declarations go here.
+
+  // operator new and operator delete help us control water allocation.
+  void* operator new(size_t allocation_size) {
+    allocated_++;
+    return malloc(allocation_size);
+  }
+
+  void operator delete(void* block, size_t /* allocation_size */) {
+    allocated_--;
+    free(block);
+  }
+
+  static int allocated() { return allocated_; }
+
+ private:
+  static int allocated_;
+};
+
+int Water::allocated_ = 0;
+
+// This event listener monitors how many Water objects are created and
+// destroyed by each test, and reports a failure if a test leaks some Water
+// objects. It does this by comparing the number of live Water objects at
+// the beginning of a test and at the end of a test.
+class LeakChecker : public EmptyTestEventListener {
+ private:
+  // Called before a test starts.
+  virtual void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& /* test_info */) {
+    initially_allocated_ = Water::allocated();
+  }
+
+  // Called after a test ends.
+  virtual void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& /* test_info */) {
+    int difference = Water::allocated() - initially_allocated_;
+
+    // You can generate a failure in any event handler except
+    // OnTestPartResult. Just use an appropriate Google Test assertion to do
+    // it.
+    EXPECT_LE(difference, 0) << "Leaked " << difference << " unit(s) of Water!";
+  }
+
+  int initially_allocated_;
+};
+
+TEST(ListenersTest, DoesNotLeak) {
+  Water* water = new Water;
+  delete water;
+}
+
+// This should fail when the --check_for_leaks command line flag is
+// specified.
+TEST(ListenersTest, LeaksWater) {
+  Water* water = new Water;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(water != NULL);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+  bool check_for_leaks = false;
+  if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "--check_for_leaks") == 0 )
+    check_for_leaks = true;
+  else
+    printf("%s\n", "Run this program with --check_for_leaks to enable "
+           "custom leak checking in the tests.");
+
+  // If we are given the --check_for_leaks command line flag, installs the
+  // leak checker.
+  if (check_for_leaks) {
+    TestEventListeners& listeners = UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners();
+
+    // Adds the leak checker to the end of the test event listener list,
+    // after the default text output printer and the default XML report
+    // generator.
+    //
+    // The order is important - it ensures that failures generated in the
+    // leak checker's OnTestEnd() method are processed by the text and XML
+    // printers *before* their OnTestEnd() methods are called, such that
+    // they are attributed to the right test. Remember that a listener
+    // receives an OnXyzStart event *after* listeners preceding it in the
+    // list received that event, and receives an OnXyzEnd event *before*
+    // listeners preceding it.
+    //
+    // We don't need to worry about deleting the new listener later, as
+    // Google Test will do it.
+    listeners.Append(new LeakChecker);
+  }
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample1_unittest.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample1_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..aefc4f1d866e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample1_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// A sample program demonstrating using Google C++ testing framework.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+
+// This sample shows how to write a simple unit test for a function,
+// using Google C++ testing framework.
+//
+// Writing a unit test using Google C++ testing framework is easy as 1-2-3:
+
+
+// Step 1. Include necessary header files such that the stuff your
+// test logic needs is declared.
+//
+// Don't forget gtest.h, which declares the testing framework.
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include "sample1.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+
+// Step 2. Use the TEST macro to define your tests.
+//
+// TEST has two parameters: the test case name and the test name.
+// After using the macro, you should define your test logic between a
+// pair of braces.  You can use a bunch of macros to indicate the
+// success or failure of a test.  EXPECT_TRUE and EXPECT_EQ are
+// examples of such macros.  For a complete list, see gtest.h.
+//
+// <TechnicalDetails>
+//
+// In Google Test, tests are grouped into test cases.  This is how we
+// keep test code organized.  You should put logically related tests
+// into the same test case.
+//
+// The test case name and the test name should both be valid C++
+// identifiers.  And you should not use underscore (_) in the names.
+//
+// Google Test guarantees that each test you define is run exactly
+// once, but it makes no guarantee on the order the tests are
+// executed.  Therefore, you should write your tests in such a way
+// that their results don't depend on their order.
+//
+// </TechnicalDetails>
+
+
+// Tests Factorial().
+
+// Tests factorial of negative numbers.
+TEST(FactorialTest, Negative) {
+  // This test is named "Negative", and belongs to the "FactorialTest"
+  // test case.
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(-5));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(-1));
+  EXPECT_GT(Factorial(-10), 0);
+
+  // <TechnicalDetails>
+  //
+  // EXPECT_EQ(expected, actual) is the same as
+  //
+  //   EXPECT_TRUE((expected) == (actual))
+  //
+  // except that it will print both the expected value and the actual
+  // value when the assertion fails.  This is very helpful for
+  // debugging.  Therefore in this case EXPECT_EQ is preferred.
+  //
+  // On the other hand, EXPECT_TRUE accepts any Boolean expression,
+  // and is thus more general.
+  //
+  // </TechnicalDetails>
+}
+
+// Tests factorial of 0.
+TEST(FactorialTest, Zero) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(0));
+}
+
+// Tests factorial of positive numbers.
+TEST(FactorialTest, Positive) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, Factorial(2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(6, Factorial(3));
+  EXPECT_EQ(40320, Factorial(8));
+}
+
+
+// Tests IsPrime()
+
+// Tests negative input.
+TEST(IsPrimeTest, Negative) {
+  // This test belongs to the IsPrimeTest test case.
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(-1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(-2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(INT_MIN));
+}
+
+// Tests some trivial cases.
+TEST(IsPrimeTest, Trivial) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(0));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(3));
+}
+
+// Tests positive input.
+TEST(IsPrimeTest, Positive) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(4));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(5));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(6));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(23));
+}
+
+// Step 3. Call RUN_ALL_TESTS() in main().
+//
+// We do this by linking in src/gtest_main.cc file, which consists of
+// a main() function which calls RUN_ALL_TESTS() for us.
+//
+// This runs all the tests you've defined, prints the result, and
+// returns 0 if successful, or 1 otherwise.
+//
+// Did you notice that we didn't register the tests?  The
+// RUN_ALL_TESTS() macro magically knows about all the tests we
+// defined.  Isn't this convenient?
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample2.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample2.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5f763b9bdf8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample2.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// A sample program demonstrating using Google C++ testing framework.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+#include "sample2.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+// Clones a 0-terminated C string, allocating memory using new.
+const char* MyString::CloneCString(const char* a_c_string) {
+  if (a_c_string == NULL) return NULL;
+
+  const size_t len = strlen(a_c_string);
+  char* const clone = new char[ len + 1 ];
+  memcpy(clone, a_c_string, len + 1);
+
+  return clone;
+}
+
+// Sets the 0-terminated C string this MyString object
+// represents.
+void MyString::Set(const char* a_c_string) {
+  // Makes sure this works when c_string == c_string_
+  const char* const temp = MyString::CloneCString(a_c_string);
+  delete[] c_string_;
+  c_string_ = temp;
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample2.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample2.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cb485c70fb33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample2.h
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// A sample program demonstrating using Google C++ testing framework.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+#ifndef GTEST_SAMPLES_SAMPLE2_H_
+#define GTEST_SAMPLES_SAMPLE2_H_
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+// A simple string class.
+class MyString {
+ private:
+  const char* c_string_;
+  const MyString& operator=(const MyString& rhs);
+
+ public:
+  // Clones a 0-terminated C string, allocating memory using new.
+  static const char* CloneCString(const char* a_c_string);
+
+  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  //
+  // C'tors
+
+  // The default c'tor constructs a NULL string.
+  MyString() : c_string_(NULL) {}
+
+  // Constructs a MyString by cloning a 0-terminated C string.
+  explicit MyString(const char* a_c_string) : c_string_(NULL) {
+    Set(a_c_string);
+  }
+
+  // Copy c'tor
+  MyString(const MyString& string) : c_string_(NULL) {
+    Set(string.c_string_);
+  }
+
+  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  //
+  // D'tor.  MyString is intended to be a final class, so the d'tor
+  // doesn't need to be virtual.
+  ~MyString() { delete[] c_string_; }
+
+  // Gets the 0-terminated C string this MyString object represents.
+  const char* c_string() const { return c_string_; }
+
+  size_t Length() const {
+    return c_string_ == NULL ? 0 : strlen(c_string_);
+  }
+
+  // Sets the 0-terminated C string this MyString object represents.
+  void Set(const char* c_string);
+};
+
+
+#endif  // GTEST_SAMPLES_SAMPLE2_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample2_unittest.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample2_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4fa19b71c792
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample2_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// A sample program demonstrating using Google C++ testing framework.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+
+// This sample shows how to write a more complex unit test for a class
+// that has multiple member functions.
+//
+// Usually, it's a good idea to have one test for each method in your
+// class.  You don't have to do that exactly, but it helps to keep
+// your tests organized.  You may also throw in additional tests as
+// needed.
+
+#include "sample2.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+// In this example, we test the MyString class (a simple string).
+
+// Tests the default c'tor.
+TEST(MyString, DefaultConstructor) {
+  const MyString s;
+
+  // Asserts that s.c_string() returns NULL.
+  //
+  // <TechnicalDetails>
+  //
+  // If we write NULL instead of
+  //
+  //   static_cast<const char *>(NULL)
+  //
+  // in this assertion, it will generate a warning on gcc 3.4.  The
+  // reason is that EXPECT_EQ needs to know the types of its
+  // arguments in order to print them when it fails.  Since NULL is
+  // #defined as 0, the compiler will use the formatter function for
+  // int to print it.  However, gcc thinks that NULL should be used as
+  // a pointer, not an int, and therefore complains.
+  //
+  // The root of the problem is C++'s lack of distinction between the
+  // integer number 0 and the null pointer constant.  Unfortunately,
+  // we have to live with this fact.
+  //
+  // </TechnicalDetails>
+  EXPECT_STREQ(NULL, s.c_string());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0u, s.Length());
+}
+
+const char kHelloString[] = "Hello, world!";
+
+// Tests the c'tor that accepts a C string.
+TEST(MyString, ConstructorFromCString) {
+  const MyString s(kHelloString);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, strcmp(s.c_string(), kHelloString));
+  EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(kHelloString)/sizeof(kHelloString[0]) - 1,
+            s.Length());
+}
+
+// Tests the copy c'tor.
+TEST(MyString, CopyConstructor) {
+  const MyString s1(kHelloString);
+  const MyString s2 = s1;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, strcmp(s2.c_string(), kHelloString));
+}
+
+// Tests the Set method.
+TEST(MyString, Set) {
+  MyString s;
+
+  s.Set(kHelloString);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, strcmp(s.c_string(), kHelloString));
+
+  // Set should work when the input pointer is the same as the one
+  // already in the MyString object.
+  s.Set(s.c_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, strcmp(s.c_string(), kHelloString));
+
+  // Can we set the MyString to NULL?
+  s.Set(NULL);
+  EXPECT_STREQ(NULL, s.c_string());
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample3-inl.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample3-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7e3084d6385d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample3-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// A sample program demonstrating using Google C++ testing framework.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+#ifndef GTEST_SAMPLES_SAMPLE3_INL_H_
+#define GTEST_SAMPLES_SAMPLE3_INL_H_
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+// Queue is a simple queue implemented as a singled-linked list.
+//
+// The element type must support copy constructor.
+template <typename E>  // E is the element type
+class Queue;
+
+// QueueNode is a node in a Queue, which consists of an element of
+// type E and a pointer to the next node.
+template <typename E>  // E is the element type
+class QueueNode {
+  friend class Queue<E>;
+
+ public:
+  // Gets the element in this node.
+  const E& element() const { return element_; }
+
+  // Gets the next node in the queue.
+  QueueNode* next() { return next_; }
+  const QueueNode* next() const { return next_; }
+
+ private:
+  // Creates a node with a given element value.  The next pointer is
+  // set to NULL.
+  explicit QueueNode(const E& an_element) : element_(an_element), next_(NULL) {}
+
+  // We disable the default assignment operator and copy c'tor.
+  const QueueNode& operator = (const QueueNode&);
+  QueueNode(const QueueNode&);
+
+  E element_;
+  QueueNode* next_;
+};
+
+template <typename E>  // E is the element type.
+class Queue {
+ public:
+  // Creates an empty queue.
+  Queue() : head_(NULL), last_(NULL), size_(0) {}
+
+  // D'tor.  Clears the queue.
+  ~Queue() { Clear(); }
+
+  // Clears the queue.
+  void Clear() {
+    if (size_ > 0) {
+      // 1. Deletes every node.
+      QueueNode<E>* node = head_;
+      QueueNode<E>* next = node->next();
+      for (; ;) {
+        delete node;
+        node = next;
+        if (node == NULL) break;
+        next = node->next();
+      }
+
+      // 2. Resets the member variables.
+      head_ = last_ = NULL;
+      size_ = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Gets the number of elements.
+  size_t Size() const { return size_; }
+
+  // Gets the first element of the queue, or NULL if the queue is empty.
+  QueueNode<E>* Head() { return head_; }
+  const QueueNode<E>* Head() const { return head_; }
+
+  // Gets the last element of the queue, or NULL if the queue is empty.
+  QueueNode<E>* Last() { return last_; }
+  const QueueNode<E>* Last() const { return last_; }
+
+  // Adds an element to the end of the queue.  A copy of the element is
+  // created using the copy constructor, and then stored in the queue.
+  // Changes made to the element in the queue doesn't affect the source
+  // object, and vice versa.
+  void Enqueue(const E& element) {
+    QueueNode<E>* new_node = new QueueNode<E>(element);
+
+    if (size_ == 0) {
+      head_ = last_ = new_node;
+      size_ = 1;
+    } else {
+      last_->next_ = new_node;
+      last_ = new_node;
+      size_++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Removes the head of the queue and returns it.  Returns NULL if
+  // the queue is empty.
+  E* Dequeue() {
+    if (size_ == 0) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+    const QueueNode<E>* const old_head = head_;
+    head_ = head_->next_;
+    size_--;
+    if (size_ == 0) {
+      last_ = NULL;
+    }
+
+    E* element = new E(old_head->element());
+    delete old_head;
+
+    return element;
+  }
+
+  // Applies a function/functor on each element of the queue, and
+  // returns the result in a new queue.  The original queue is not
+  // affected.
+  template <typename F>
+  Queue* Map(F function) const {
+    Queue* new_queue = new Queue();
+    for (const QueueNode<E>* node = head_; node != NULL; node = node->next_) {
+      new_queue->Enqueue(function(node->element()));
+    }
+
+    return new_queue;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  QueueNode<E>* head_;  // The first node of the queue.
+  QueueNode<E>* last_;  // The last node of the queue.
+  size_t size_;  // The number of elements in the queue.
+
+  // We disallow copying a queue.
+  Queue(const Queue&);
+  const Queue& operator = (const Queue&);
+};
+
+#endif  // GTEST_SAMPLES_SAMPLE3_INL_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample3_unittest.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample3_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bf3877d01323
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample3_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// A sample program demonstrating using Google C++ testing framework.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+
+// In this example, we use a more advanced feature of Google Test called
+// test fixture.
+//
+// A test fixture is a place to hold objects and functions shared by
+// all tests in a test case.  Using a test fixture avoids duplicating
+// the test code necessary to initialize and cleanup those common
+// objects for each test.  It is also useful for defining sub-routines
+// that your tests need to invoke a lot.
+//
+// <TechnicalDetails>
+//
+// The tests share the test fixture in the sense of code sharing, not
+// data sharing.  Each test is given its own fresh copy of the
+// fixture.  You cannot expect the data modified by one test to be
+// passed on to another test, which is a bad idea.
+//
+// The reason for this design is that tests should be independent and
+// repeatable.  In particular, a test should not fail as the result of
+// another test's failure.  If one test depends on info produced by
+// another test, then the two tests should really be one big test.
+//
+// The macros for indicating the success/failure of a test
+// (EXPECT_TRUE, FAIL, etc) need to know what the current test is
+// (when Google Test prints the test result, it tells you which test
+// each failure belongs to).  Technically, these macros invoke a
+// member function of the Test class.  Therefore, you cannot use them
+// in a global function.  That's why you should put test sub-routines
+// in a test fixture.
+//
+// </TechnicalDetails>
+
+#include "sample3-inl.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+// To use a test fixture, derive a class from testing::Test.
+class QueueTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:  // You should make the members protected s.t. they can be
+             // accessed from sub-classes.
+
+  // virtual void SetUp() will be called before each test is run.  You
+  // should define it if you need to initialize the varaibles.
+  // Otherwise, this can be skipped.
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    q1_.Enqueue(1);
+    q2_.Enqueue(2);
+    q2_.Enqueue(3);
+  }
+
+  // virtual void TearDown() will be called after each test is run.
+  // You should define it if there is cleanup work to do.  Otherwise,
+  // you don't have to provide it.
+  //
+  // virtual void TearDown() {
+  // }
+
+  // A helper function that some test uses.
+  static int Double(int n) {
+    return 2*n;
+  }
+
+  // A helper function for testing Queue::Map().
+  void MapTester(const Queue<int> * q) {
+    // Creates a new queue, where each element is twice as big as the
+    // corresponding one in q.
+    const Queue<int> * const new_q = q->Map(Double);
+
+    // Verifies that the new queue has the same size as q.
+    ASSERT_EQ(q->Size(), new_q->Size());
+
+    // Verifies the relationship between the elements of the two queues.
+    for ( const QueueNode<int> * n1 = q->Head(), * n2 = new_q->Head();
+          n1 != NULL; n1 = n1->next(), n2 = n2->next() ) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(2 * n1->element(), n2->element());
+    }
+
+    delete new_q;
+  }
+
+  // Declares the variables your tests want to use.
+  Queue<int> q0_;
+  Queue<int> q1_;
+  Queue<int> q2_;
+};
+
+// When you have a test fixture, you define a test using TEST_F
+// instead of TEST.
+
+// Tests the default c'tor.
+TEST_F(QueueTest, DefaultConstructor) {
+  // You can access data in the test fixture here.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0u, q0_.Size());
+}
+
+// Tests Dequeue().
+TEST_F(QueueTest, Dequeue) {
+  int * n = q0_.Dequeue();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(n == NULL);
+
+  n = q1_.Dequeue();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, *n);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0u, q1_.Size());
+  delete n;
+
+  n = q2_.Dequeue();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, *n);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1u, q2_.Size());
+  delete n;
+}
+
+// Tests the Queue::Map() function.
+TEST_F(QueueTest, Map) {
+  MapTester(&q0_);
+  MapTester(&q1_);
+  MapTester(&q2_);
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample4.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample4.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ae44bda6f1ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample4.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// A sample program demonstrating using Google C++ testing framework.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "sample4.h"
+
+// Returns the current counter value, and increments it.
+int Counter::Increment() {
+  return counter_++;
+}
+
+// Prints the current counter value to STDOUT.
+void Counter::Print() const {
+  printf("%d", counter_);
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample4.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample4.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cd60f0dd2d18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample4.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// A sample program demonstrating using Google C++ testing framework.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+#ifndef GTEST_SAMPLES_SAMPLE4_H_
+#define GTEST_SAMPLES_SAMPLE4_H_
+
+// A simple monotonic counter.
+class Counter {
+ private:
+  int counter_;
+
+ public:
+  // Creates a counter that starts at 0.
+  Counter() : counter_(0) {}
+
+  // Returns the current counter value, and increments it.
+  int Increment();
+
+  // Prints the current counter value to STDOUT.
+  void Print() const;
+};
+
+#endif  // GTEST_SAMPLES_SAMPLE4_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample4_unittest.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample4_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fa5afc7d5a16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample4_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "sample4.h"
+
+// Tests the Increment() method.
+TEST(Counter, Increment) {
+  Counter c;
+
+  // EXPECT_EQ() evaluates its arguments exactly once, so they
+  // can have side effects.
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, c.Increment());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, c.Increment());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, c.Increment());
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample5_unittest.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample5_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..43d8e5777583
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample5_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+// This sample teaches how to reuse a test fixture in multiple test
+// cases by deriving sub-fixtures from it.
+//
+// When you define a test fixture, you specify the name of the test
+// case that will use this fixture.  Therefore, a test fixture can
+// be used by only one test case.
+//
+// Sometimes, more than one test cases may want to use the same or
+// slightly different test fixtures.  For example, you may want to
+// make sure that all tests for a GUI library don't leak important
+// system resources like fonts and brushes.  In Google Test, you do
+// this by putting the shared logic in a super (as in "super class")
+// test fixture, and then have each test case use a fixture derived
+// from this super fixture.
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include "sample3-inl.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "sample1.h"
+
+// In this sample, we want to ensure that every test finishes within
+// ~5 seconds.  If a test takes longer to run, we consider it a
+// failure.
+//
+// We put the code for timing a test in a test fixture called
+// "QuickTest".  QuickTest is intended to be the super fixture that
+// other fixtures derive from, therefore there is no test case with
+// the name "QuickTest".  This is OK.
+//
+// Later, we will derive multiple test fixtures from QuickTest.
+class QuickTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  // Remember that SetUp() is run immediately before a test starts.
+  // This is a good place to record the start time.
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    start_time_ = time(NULL);
+  }
+
+  // TearDown() is invoked immediately after a test finishes.  Here we
+  // check if the test was too slow.
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    // Gets the time when the test finishes
+    const time_t end_time = time(NULL);
+
+    // Asserts that the test took no more than ~5 seconds.  Did you
+    // know that you can use assertions in SetUp() and TearDown() as
+    // well?
+    EXPECT_TRUE(end_time - start_time_ <= 5) << "The test took too long.";
+  }
+
+  // The UTC time (in seconds) when the test starts
+  time_t start_time_;
+};
+
+
+// We derive a fixture named IntegerFunctionTest from the QuickTest
+// fixture.  All tests using this fixture will be automatically
+// required to be quick.
+class IntegerFunctionTest : public QuickTest {
+  // We don't need any more logic than already in the QuickTest fixture.
+  // Therefore the body is empty.
+};
+
+
+// Now we can write tests in the IntegerFunctionTest test case.
+
+// Tests Factorial()
+TEST_F(IntegerFunctionTest, Factorial) {
+  // Tests factorial of negative numbers.
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(-5));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(-1));
+  EXPECT_GT(Factorial(-10), 0);
+
+  // Tests factorial of 0.
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(0));
+
+  // Tests factorial of positive numbers.
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, Factorial(2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(6, Factorial(3));
+  EXPECT_EQ(40320, Factorial(8));
+}
+
+
+// Tests IsPrime()
+TEST_F(IntegerFunctionTest, IsPrime) {
+  // Tests negative input.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(-1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(-2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(INT_MIN));
+
+  // Tests some trivial cases.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(0));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(3));
+
+  // Tests positive input.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(4));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(5));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(6));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(23));
+}
+
+
+// The next test case (named "QueueTest") also needs to be quick, so
+// we derive another fixture from QuickTest.
+//
+// The QueueTest test fixture has some logic and shared objects in
+// addition to what's in QuickTest already.  We define the additional
+// stuff inside the body of the test fixture, as usual.
+class QueueTest : public QuickTest {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    // First, we need to set up the super fixture (QuickTest).
+    QuickTest::SetUp();
+
+    // Second, some additional setup for this fixture.
+    q1_.Enqueue(1);
+    q2_.Enqueue(2);
+    q2_.Enqueue(3);
+  }
+
+  // By default, TearDown() inherits the behavior of
+  // QuickTest::TearDown().  As we have no additional cleaning work
+  // for QueueTest, we omit it here.
+  //
+  // virtual void TearDown() {
+  //   QuickTest::TearDown();
+  // }
+
+  Queue<int> q0_;
+  Queue<int> q1_;
+  Queue<int> q2_;
+};
+
+
+// Now, let's write tests using the QueueTest fixture.
+
+// Tests the default constructor.
+TEST_F(QueueTest, DefaultConstructor) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0u, q0_.Size());
+}
+
+// Tests Dequeue().
+TEST_F(QueueTest, Dequeue) {
+  int* n = q0_.Dequeue();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(n == NULL);
+
+  n = q1_.Dequeue();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(n != NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, *n);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0u, q1_.Size());
+  delete n;
+
+  n = q2_.Dequeue();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(n != NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, *n);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1u, q2_.Size());
+  delete n;
+}
+
+// If necessary, you can derive further test fixtures from a derived
+// fixture itself.  For example, you can derive another fixture from
+// QueueTest.  Google Test imposes no limit on how deep the hierarchy
+// can be.  In practice, however, you probably don't want it to be too
+// deep as to be confusing.
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample6_unittest.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample6_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8f2036a51608
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample6_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+// All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+// This sample shows how to test common properties of multiple
+// implementations of the same interface (aka interface tests).
+
+// The interface and its implementations are in this header.
+#include "prime_tables.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+// First, we define some factory functions for creating instances of
+// the implementations.  You may be able to skip this step if all your
+// implementations can be constructed the same way.
+
+template <class T>
+PrimeTable* CreatePrimeTable();
+
+template <>
+PrimeTable* CreatePrimeTable<OnTheFlyPrimeTable>() {
+  return new OnTheFlyPrimeTable;
+}
+
+template <>
+PrimeTable* CreatePrimeTable<PreCalculatedPrimeTable>() {
+  return new PreCalculatedPrimeTable(10000);
+}
+
+// Then we define a test fixture class template.
+template <class T>
+class PrimeTableTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  // The ctor calls the factory function to create a prime table
+  // implemented by T.
+  PrimeTableTest() : table_(CreatePrimeTable<T>()) {}
+
+  virtual ~PrimeTableTest() { delete table_; }
+
+  // Note that we test an implementation via the base interface
+  // instead of the actual implementation class.  This is important
+  // for keeping the tests close to the real world scenario, where the
+  // implementation is invoked via the base interface.  It avoids
+  // got-yas where the implementation class has a method that shadows
+  // a method with the same name (but slightly different argument
+  // types) in the base interface, for example.
+  PrimeTable* const table_;
+};
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+
+using testing::Types;
+
+// Google Test offers two ways for reusing tests for different types.
+// The first is called "typed tests".  You should use it if you
+// already know *all* the types you are gonna exercise when you write
+// the tests.
+
+// To write a typed test case, first use
+//
+//   TYPED_TEST_CASE(TestCaseName, TypeList);
+//
+// to declare it and specify the type parameters.  As with TEST_F,
+// TestCaseName must match the test fixture name.
+
+// The list of types we want to test.
+typedef Types<OnTheFlyPrimeTable, PreCalculatedPrimeTable> Implementations;
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE(PrimeTableTest, Implementations);
+
+// Then use TYPED_TEST(TestCaseName, TestName) to define a typed test,
+// similar to TEST_F.
+TYPED_TEST(PrimeTableTest, ReturnsFalseForNonPrimes) {
+  // Inside the test body, you can refer to the type parameter by
+  // TypeParam, and refer to the fixture class by TestFixture.  We
+  // don't need them in this example.
+
+  // Since we are in the template world, C++ requires explicitly
+  // writing 'this->' when referring to members of the fixture class.
+  // This is something you have to learn to live with.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(this->table_->IsPrime(-5));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(this->table_->IsPrime(0));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(this->table_->IsPrime(1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(this->table_->IsPrime(4));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(this->table_->IsPrime(6));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(this->table_->IsPrime(100));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(PrimeTableTest, ReturnsTrueForPrimes) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->table_->IsPrime(2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->table_->IsPrime(3));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->table_->IsPrime(5));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->table_->IsPrime(7));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->table_->IsPrime(11));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->table_->IsPrime(131));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(PrimeTableTest, CanGetNextPrime) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, this->table_->GetNextPrime(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, this->table_->GetNextPrime(2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, this->table_->GetNextPrime(3));
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, this->table_->GetNextPrime(5));
+  EXPECT_EQ(11, this->table_->GetNextPrime(7));
+  EXPECT_EQ(131, this->table_->GetNextPrime(128));
+}
+
+// That's it!  Google Test will repeat each TYPED_TEST for each type
+// in the type list specified in TYPED_TEST_CASE.  Sit back and be
+// happy that you don't have to define them multiple times.
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
+
+using testing::Types;
+
+// Sometimes, however, you don't yet know all the types that you want
+// to test when you write the tests.  For example, if you are the
+// author of an interface and expect other people to implement it, you
+// might want to write a set of tests to make sure each implementation
+// conforms to some basic requirements, but you don't know what
+// implementations will be written in the future.
+//
+// How can you write the tests without committing to the type
+// parameters?  That's what "type-parameterized tests" can do for you.
+// It is a bit more involved than typed tests, but in return you get a
+// test pattern that can be reused in many contexts, which is a big
+// win.  Here's how you do it:
+
+// First, define a test fixture class template.  Here we just reuse
+// the PrimeTableTest fixture defined earlier:
+
+template <class T>
+class PrimeTableTest2 : public PrimeTableTest<T> {
+};
+
+// Then, declare the test case.  The argument is the name of the test
+// fixture, and also the name of the test case (as usual).  The _P
+// suffix is for "parameterized" or "pattern".
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(PrimeTableTest2);
+
+// Next, use TYPED_TEST_P(TestCaseName, TestName) to define a test,
+// similar to what you do with TEST_F.
+TYPED_TEST_P(PrimeTableTest2, ReturnsFalseForNonPrimes) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(this->table_->IsPrime(-5));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(this->table_->IsPrime(0));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(this->table_->IsPrime(1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(this->table_->IsPrime(4));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(this->table_->IsPrime(6));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(this->table_->IsPrime(100));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(PrimeTableTest2, ReturnsTrueForPrimes) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->table_->IsPrime(2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->table_->IsPrime(3));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->table_->IsPrime(5));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->table_->IsPrime(7));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->table_->IsPrime(11));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->table_->IsPrime(131));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(PrimeTableTest2, CanGetNextPrime) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, this->table_->GetNextPrime(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, this->table_->GetNextPrime(2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, this->table_->GetNextPrime(3));
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, this->table_->GetNextPrime(5));
+  EXPECT_EQ(11, this->table_->GetNextPrime(7));
+  EXPECT_EQ(131, this->table_->GetNextPrime(128));
+}
+
+// Type-parameterized tests involve one extra step: you have to
+// enumerate the tests you defined:
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(
+    PrimeTableTest2,  // The first argument is the test case name.
+    // The rest of the arguments are the test names.
+    ReturnsFalseForNonPrimes, ReturnsTrueForPrimes, CanGetNextPrime);
+
+// At this point the test pattern is done.  However, you don't have
+// any real test yet as you haven't said which types you want to run
+// the tests with.
+
+// To turn the abstract test pattern into real tests, you instantiate
+// it with a list of types.  Usually the test pattern will be defined
+// in a .h file, and anyone can #include and instantiate it.  You can
+// even instantiate it more than once in the same program.  To tell
+// different instances apart, you give each of them a name, which will
+// become part of the test case name and can be used in test filters.
+
+// The list of types we want to test.  Note that it doesn't have to be
+// defined at the time we write the TYPED_TEST_P()s.
+typedef Types<OnTheFlyPrimeTable, PreCalculatedPrimeTable>
+    PrimeTableImplementations;
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(OnTheFlyAndPreCalculated,    // Instance name
+                              PrimeTableTest2,             // Test case name
+                              PrimeTableImplementations);  // Type list
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample7_unittest.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample7_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1b651a21d649
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample7_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+// All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
+
+// This sample shows how to test common properties of multiple
+// implementations of an interface (aka interface tests) using
+// value-parameterized tests. Each test in the test case has
+// a parameter that is an interface pointer to an implementation
+// tested.
+
+// The interface and its implementations are in this header.
+#include "prime_tables.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+using ::testing::TestWithParam;
+using ::testing::Values;
+
+// As a general rule, to prevent a test from affecting the tests that come
+// after it, you should create and destroy the tested objects for each test
+// instead of reusing them.  In this sample we will define a simple factory
+// function for PrimeTable objects.  We will instantiate objects in test's
+// SetUp() method and delete them in TearDown() method.
+typedef PrimeTable* CreatePrimeTableFunc();
+
+PrimeTable* CreateOnTheFlyPrimeTable() {
+  return new OnTheFlyPrimeTable();
+}
+
+template <size_t max_precalculated>
+PrimeTable* CreatePreCalculatedPrimeTable() {
+  return new PreCalculatedPrimeTable(max_precalculated);
+}
+
+// Inside the test body, fixture constructor, SetUp(), and TearDown() you
+// can refer to the test parameter by GetParam().  In this case, the test
+// parameter is a factory function which we call in fixture's SetUp() to
+// create and store an instance of PrimeTable.
+class PrimeTableTest : public TestWithParam<CreatePrimeTableFunc*> {
+ public:
+  virtual ~PrimeTableTest() { delete table_; }
+  virtual void SetUp() { table_ = (*GetParam())(); }
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    delete table_;
+    table_ = NULL;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  PrimeTable* table_;
+};
+
+TEST_P(PrimeTableTest, ReturnsFalseForNonPrimes) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(table_->IsPrime(-5));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(table_->IsPrime(0));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(table_->IsPrime(1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(table_->IsPrime(4));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(table_->IsPrime(6));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(table_->IsPrime(100));
+}
+
+TEST_P(PrimeTableTest, ReturnsTrueForPrimes) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(table_->IsPrime(2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(table_->IsPrime(3));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(table_->IsPrime(5));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(table_->IsPrime(7));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(table_->IsPrime(11));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(table_->IsPrime(131));
+}
+
+TEST_P(PrimeTableTest, CanGetNextPrime) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, table_->GetNextPrime(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, table_->GetNextPrime(2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, table_->GetNextPrime(3));
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, table_->GetNextPrime(5));
+  EXPECT_EQ(11, table_->GetNextPrime(7));
+  EXPECT_EQ(131, table_->GetNextPrime(128));
+}
+
+// In order to run value-parameterized tests, you need to instantiate them,
+// or bind them to a list of values which will be used as test parameters.
+// You can instantiate them in a different translation module, or even
+// instantiate them several times.
+//
+// Here, we instantiate our tests with a list of two PrimeTable object
+// factory functions:
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
+    OnTheFlyAndPreCalculated,
+    PrimeTableTest,
+    Values(&CreateOnTheFlyPrimeTable, &CreatePreCalculatedPrimeTable<1000>));
+
+#else
+
+// Google Test may not support value-parameterized tests with some
+// compilers. If we use conditional compilation to compile out all
+// code referring to the gtest_main library, MSVC linker will not link
+// that library at all and consequently complain about missing entry
+// point defined in that library (fatal error LNK1561: entry point
+// must be defined). This dummy test keeps gtest_main linked in.
+TEST(DummyTest, ValueParameterizedTestsAreNotSupportedOnThisPlatform) {}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample8_unittest.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample8_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..727433406748
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample8_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+// All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
+
+// This sample shows how to test code relying on some global flag variables.
+// Combine() helps with generating all possible combinations of such flags,
+// and each test is given one combination as a parameter.
+
+// Use class definitions to test from this header.
+#include "prime_tables.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
+
+// Suppose we want to introduce a new, improved implementation of PrimeTable
+// which combines speed of PrecalcPrimeTable and versatility of
+// OnTheFlyPrimeTable (see prime_tables.h). Inside it instantiates both
+// PrecalcPrimeTable and OnTheFlyPrimeTable and uses the one that is more
+// appropriate under the circumstances. But in low memory conditions, it can be
+// told to instantiate without PrecalcPrimeTable instance at all and use only
+// OnTheFlyPrimeTable.
+class HybridPrimeTable : public PrimeTable {
+ public:
+  HybridPrimeTable(bool force_on_the_fly, int max_precalculated)
+      : on_the_fly_impl_(new OnTheFlyPrimeTable),
+        precalc_impl_(force_on_the_fly ? NULL :
+                          new PreCalculatedPrimeTable(max_precalculated)),
+        max_precalculated_(max_precalculated) {}
+  virtual ~HybridPrimeTable() {
+    delete on_the_fly_impl_;
+    delete precalc_impl_;
+  }
+
+  virtual bool IsPrime(int n) const {
+    if (precalc_impl_ != NULL && n < max_precalculated_)
+      return precalc_impl_->IsPrime(n);
+    else
+      return on_the_fly_impl_->IsPrime(n);
+  }
+
+  virtual int GetNextPrime(int p) const {
+    int next_prime = -1;
+    if (precalc_impl_ != NULL && p < max_precalculated_)
+      next_prime = precalc_impl_->GetNextPrime(p);
+
+    return next_prime != -1 ? next_prime : on_the_fly_impl_->GetNextPrime(p);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  OnTheFlyPrimeTable* on_the_fly_impl_;
+  PreCalculatedPrimeTable* precalc_impl_;
+  int max_precalculated_;
+};
+
+using ::testing::TestWithParam;
+using ::testing::Bool;
+using ::testing::Values;
+using ::testing::Combine;
+
+// To test all code paths for HybridPrimeTable we must test it with numbers
+// both within and outside PreCalculatedPrimeTable's capacity and also with
+// PreCalculatedPrimeTable disabled. We do this by defining fixture which will
+// accept different combinations of parameters for instantiating a
+// HybridPrimeTable instance.
+class PrimeTableTest : public TestWithParam< ::testing::tuple<bool, int> > {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    // This can be written as
+    //
+    // bool force_on_the_fly;
+    // int max_precalculated;
+    // tie(force_on_the_fly, max_precalculated) = GetParam();
+    //
+    // once the Google C++ Style Guide allows use of ::std::tr1::tie.
+    //
+    bool force_on_the_fly = ::testing::get<0>(GetParam());
+    int max_precalculated = ::testing::get<1>(GetParam());
+    table_ = new HybridPrimeTable(force_on_the_fly, max_precalculated);
+  }
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    delete table_;
+    table_ = NULL;
+  }
+  HybridPrimeTable* table_;
+};
+
+TEST_P(PrimeTableTest, ReturnsFalseForNonPrimes) {
+  // Inside the test body, you can refer to the test parameter by GetParam().
+  // In this case, the test parameter is a PrimeTable interface pointer which
+  // we can use directly.
+  // Please note that you can also save it in the fixture's SetUp() method
+  // or constructor and use saved copy in the tests.
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(table_->IsPrime(-5));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(table_->IsPrime(0));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(table_->IsPrime(1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(table_->IsPrime(4));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(table_->IsPrime(6));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(table_->IsPrime(100));
+}
+
+TEST_P(PrimeTableTest, ReturnsTrueForPrimes) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(table_->IsPrime(2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(table_->IsPrime(3));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(table_->IsPrime(5));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(table_->IsPrime(7));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(table_->IsPrime(11));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(table_->IsPrime(131));
+}
+
+TEST_P(PrimeTableTest, CanGetNextPrime) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, table_->GetNextPrime(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, table_->GetNextPrime(2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, table_->GetNextPrime(3));
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, table_->GetNextPrime(5));
+  EXPECT_EQ(11, table_->GetNextPrime(7));
+  EXPECT_EQ(131, table_->GetNextPrime(128));
+}
+
+// In order to run value-parameterized tests, you need to instantiate them,
+// or bind them to a list of values which will be used as test parameters.
+// You can instantiate them in a different translation module, or even
+// instantiate them several times.
+//
+// Here, we instantiate our tests with a list of parameters. We must combine
+// all variations of the boolean flag suppressing PrecalcPrimeTable and some
+// meaningful values for tests. We choose a small value (1), and a value that
+// will put some of the tested numbers beyond the capability of the
+// PrecalcPrimeTable instance and some inside it (10). Combine will produce all
+// possible combinations.
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(MeaningfulTestParameters,
+                        PrimeTableTest,
+                        Combine(Bool(), Values(1, 10)));
+
+#else
+
+// Google Test may not support Combine() with some compilers. If we
+// use conditional compilation to compile out all code referring to
+// the gtest_main library, MSVC linker will not link that library at
+// all and consequently complain about missing entry point defined in
+// that library (fatal error LNK1561: entry point must be
+// defined). This dummy test keeps gtest_main linked in.
+TEST(DummyTest, CombineIsNotSupportedOnThisPlatform) {}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample9_unittest.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample9_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b2e2079bf3b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/samples/sample9_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+// Copyright 2009 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
+
+// This sample shows how to use Google Test listener API to implement
+// an alternative console output and how to use the UnitTest reflection API
+// to enumerate test cases and tests and to inspect their results.
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+using ::testing::EmptyTestEventListener;
+using ::testing::InitGoogleTest;
+using ::testing::Test;
+using ::testing::TestCase;
+using ::testing::TestEventListeners;
+using ::testing::TestInfo;
+using ::testing::TestPartResult;
+using ::testing::UnitTest;
+
+namespace {
+
+// Provides alternative output mode which produces minimal amount of
+// information about tests.
+class TersePrinter : public EmptyTestEventListener {
+ private:
+  // Called before any test activity starts.
+  virtual void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& /* unit_test */) {}
+
+  // Called after all test activities have ended.
+  virtual void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test) {
+    fprintf(stdout, "TEST %s\n", unit_test.Passed() ? "PASSED" : "FAILED");
+    fflush(stdout);
+  }
+
+  // Called before a test starts.
+  virtual void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info) {
+    fprintf(stdout,
+            "*** Test %s.%s starting.\n",
+            test_info.test_case_name(),
+            test_info.name());
+    fflush(stdout);
+  }
+
+  // Called after a failed assertion or a SUCCEED() invocation.
+  virtual void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
+    fprintf(stdout,
+            "%s in %s:%d\n%s\n",
+            test_part_result.failed() ? "*** Failure" : "Success",
+            test_part_result.file_name(),
+            test_part_result.line_number(),
+            test_part_result.summary());
+    fflush(stdout);
+  }
+
+  // Called after a test ends.
+  virtual void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info) {
+    fprintf(stdout,
+            "*** Test %s.%s ending.\n",
+            test_info.test_case_name(),
+            test_info.name());
+    fflush(stdout);
+  }
+};  // class TersePrinter
+
+TEST(CustomOutputTest, PrintsMessage) {
+  printf("Printing something from the test body...\n");
+}
+
+TEST(CustomOutputTest, Succeeds) {
+  SUCCEED() << "SUCCEED() has been invoked from here";
+}
+
+TEST(CustomOutputTest, Fails) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, 2)
+      << "This test fails in order to demonstrate alternative failure messages";
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+  bool terse_output = false;
+  if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "--terse_output") == 0 )
+    terse_output = true;
+  else
+    printf("%s\n", "Run this program with --terse_output to change the way "
+           "it prints its output.");
+
+  UnitTest& unit_test = *UnitTest::GetInstance();
+
+  // If we are given the --terse_output command line flag, suppresses the
+  // standard output and attaches own result printer.
+  if (terse_output) {
+    TestEventListeners& listeners = unit_test.listeners();
+
+    // Removes the default console output listener from the list so it will
+    // not receive events from Google Test and won't print any output. Since
+    // this operation transfers ownership of the listener to the caller we
+    // have to delete it as well.
+    delete listeners.Release(listeners.default_result_printer());
+
+    // Adds the custom output listener to the list. It will now receive
+    // events from Google Test and print the alternative output. We don't
+    // have to worry about deleting it since Google Test assumes ownership
+    // over it after adding it to the list.
+    listeners.Append(new TersePrinter);
+  }
+  int ret_val = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+
+  // This is an example of using the UnitTest reflection API to inspect test
+  // results. Here we discount failures from the tests we expected to fail.
+  int unexpectedly_failed_tests = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_case_count(); ++i) {
+    const TestCase& test_case = *unit_test.GetTestCase(i);
+    for (int j = 0; j < test_case.total_test_count(); ++j) {
+      const TestInfo& test_info = *test_case.GetTestInfo(j);
+      // Counts failed tests that were not meant to fail (those without
+      // 'Fails' in the name).
+      if (test_info.result()->Failed() &&
+          strcmp(test_info.name(), "Fails") != 0) {
+        unexpectedly_failed_tests++;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Test that were meant to fail should not affect the test program outcome.
+  if (unexpectedly_failed_tests == 0)
+    ret_val = 0;
+
+  return ret_val;
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/common.py b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/common.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3c0347a75bdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/common.py
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# Copyright 2013 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Shared utilities for writing scripts for Google Test/Mock."""
+
+__author__ = 'wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)'
+
+
+import os
+import re
+
+
+# Matches the line from 'svn info .' output that describes what SVN
+# path the current local directory corresponds to.  For example, in
+# a googletest SVN workspace's trunk/test directory, the output will be:
+#
+# URL: https://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/test
+_SVN_INFO_URL_RE = re.compile(r'^URL: https://(\w+)\.googlecode\.com/svn(.*)')
+
+
+def GetCommandOutput(command):
+  """Runs the shell command and returns its stdout as a list of lines."""
+
+  f = os.popen(command, 'r')
+  lines = [line.strip() for line in f.readlines()]
+  f.close()
+  return lines
+
+
+def GetSvnInfo():
+  """Returns the project name and the current SVN workspace's root path."""
+
+  for line in GetCommandOutput('svn info .'):
+    m = _SVN_INFO_URL_RE.match(line)
+    if m:
+      project = m.group(1)  # googletest or googlemock
+      rel_path = m.group(2)
+      root = os.path.realpath(rel_path.count('/') * '../')
+      return project, root
+
+  return None, None
+
+
+def GetSvnTrunk():
+  """Returns the current SVN workspace's trunk root path."""
+
+  _, root = GetSvnInfo()
+  return root + '/trunk' if root else None
+
+
+def IsInGTestSvn():
+  project, _ = GetSvnInfo()
+  return project == 'googletest'
+
+
+def IsInGMockSvn():
+  project, _ = GetSvnInfo()
+  return project == 'googlemock'
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/fuse_gtest_files.py b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/fuse_gtest_files.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3f3e9f36d61b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/fuse_gtest_files.py
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright 2009, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""fuse_gtest_files.py v0.2.0
+Fuses Google Test source code into a .h file and a .cc file.
+
+SYNOPSIS
+       fuse_gtest_files.py [GTEST_ROOT_DIR] OUTPUT_DIR
+
+       Scans GTEST_ROOT_DIR for Google Test source code, and generates
+       two files: OUTPUT_DIR/gtest/gtest.h and OUTPUT_DIR/gtest/gtest-all.cc.
+       Then you can build your tests by adding OUTPUT_DIR to the include
+       search path and linking with OUTPUT_DIR/gtest/gtest-all.cc.  These
+       two files contain everything you need to use Google Test.  Hence
+       you can "install" Google Test by copying them to wherever you want.
+
+       GTEST_ROOT_DIR can be omitted and defaults to the parent
+       directory of the directory holding this script.
+
+EXAMPLES
+       ./fuse_gtest_files.py fused_gtest
+       ./fuse_gtest_files.py path/to/unpacked/gtest fused_gtest
+
+This tool is experimental.  In particular, it assumes that there is no
+conditional inclusion of Google Test headers.  Please report any
+problems to googletestframework@googlegroups.com.  You can read
+http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/GoogleTestAdvancedGuide for
+more information.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)'
+
+import os
+import re
+try:
+  from sets import Set as set  # For Python 2.3 compatibility
+except ImportError:
+  pass
+import sys
+
+# We assume that this file is in the scripts/ directory in the Google
+# Test root directory.
+DEFAULT_GTEST_ROOT_DIR = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..')
+
+# Regex for matching '#include "gtest/..."'.
+INCLUDE_GTEST_FILE_REGEX = re.compile(r'^\s*#\s*include\s*"(gtest/.+)"')
+
+# Regex for matching '#include "src/..."'.
+INCLUDE_SRC_FILE_REGEX = re.compile(r'^\s*#\s*include\s*"(src/.+)"')
+
+# Where to find the source seed files.
+GTEST_H_SEED = 'include/gtest/gtest.h'
+GTEST_SPI_H_SEED = 'include/gtest/gtest-spi.h'
+GTEST_ALL_CC_SEED = 'src/gtest-all.cc'
+
+# Where to put the generated files.
+GTEST_H_OUTPUT = 'gtest/gtest.h'
+GTEST_ALL_CC_OUTPUT = 'gtest/gtest-all.cc'
+
+
+def VerifyFileExists(directory, relative_path):
+  """Verifies that the given file exists; aborts on failure.
+
+  relative_path is the file path relative to the given directory.
+  """
+
+  if not os.path.isfile(os.path.join(directory, relative_path)):
+    print('ERROR: Cannot find %s in directory %s.' % (relative_path,
+                                                      directory))
+    print('Please either specify a valid project root directory '
+          'or omit it on the command line.')
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def ValidateGTestRootDir(gtest_root):
+  """Makes sure gtest_root points to a valid gtest root directory.
+
+  The function aborts the program on failure.
+  """
+
+  VerifyFileExists(gtest_root, GTEST_H_SEED)
+  VerifyFileExists(gtest_root, GTEST_ALL_CC_SEED)
+
+
+def VerifyOutputFile(output_dir, relative_path):
+  """Verifies that the given output file path is valid.
+
+  relative_path is relative to the output_dir directory.
+  """
+
+  # Makes sure the output file either doesn't exist or can be overwritten.
+  output_file = os.path.join(output_dir, relative_path)
+  if os.path.exists(output_file):
+    # TODO(wan@google.com): The following user-interaction doesn't
+    # work with automated processes.  We should provide a way for the
+    # Makefile to force overwriting the files.
+    print('%s already exists in directory %s - overwrite it? (y/N) ' %
+          (relative_path, output_dir))
+    answer = sys.stdin.readline().strip()
+    if answer not in ['y', 'Y']:
+      print('ABORTED.')
+      sys.exit(1)
+
+  # Makes sure the directory holding the output file exists; creates
+  # it and all its ancestors if necessary.
+  parent_directory = os.path.dirname(output_file)
+  if not os.path.isdir(parent_directory):
+    os.makedirs(parent_directory)
+
+
+def ValidateOutputDir(output_dir):
+  """Makes sure output_dir points to a valid output directory.
+
+  The function aborts the program on failure.
+  """
+
+  VerifyOutputFile(output_dir, GTEST_H_OUTPUT)
+  VerifyOutputFile(output_dir, GTEST_ALL_CC_OUTPUT)
+
+
+def FuseGTestH(gtest_root, output_dir):
+  """Scans folder gtest_root to generate gtest/gtest.h in output_dir."""
+
+  output_file = open(os.path.join(output_dir, GTEST_H_OUTPUT), 'w')
+  processed_files = set()  # Holds all gtest headers we've processed.
+
+  def ProcessFile(gtest_header_path):
+    """Processes the given gtest header file."""
+
+    # We don't process the same header twice.
+    if gtest_header_path in processed_files:
+      return
+
+    processed_files.add(gtest_header_path)
+
+    # Reads each line in the given gtest header.
+    for line in open(os.path.join(gtest_root, gtest_header_path), 'r'):
+      m = INCLUDE_GTEST_FILE_REGEX.match(line)
+      if m:
+        # It's '#include "gtest/..."' - let's process it recursively.
+        ProcessFile('include/' + m.group(1))
+      else:
+        # Otherwise we copy the line unchanged to the output file.
+        output_file.write(line)
+
+  ProcessFile(GTEST_H_SEED)
+  output_file.close()
+
+
+def FuseGTestAllCcToFile(gtest_root, output_file):
+  """Scans folder gtest_root to generate gtest/gtest-all.cc in output_file."""
+
+  processed_files = set()
+
+  def ProcessFile(gtest_source_file):
+    """Processes the given gtest source file."""
+
+    # We don't process the same #included file twice.
+    if gtest_source_file in processed_files:
+      return
+
+    processed_files.add(gtest_source_file)
+
+    # Reads each line in the given gtest source file.
+    for line in open(os.path.join(gtest_root, gtest_source_file), 'r'):
+      m = INCLUDE_GTEST_FILE_REGEX.match(line)
+      if m:
+        if 'include/' + m.group(1) == GTEST_SPI_H_SEED:
+          # It's '#include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"'.  This file is not
+          # #included by "gtest/gtest.h", so we need to process it.
+          ProcessFile(GTEST_SPI_H_SEED)
+        else:
+          # It's '#include "gtest/foo.h"' where foo is not gtest-spi.
+          # We treat it as '#include "gtest/gtest.h"', as all other
+          # gtest headers are being fused into gtest.h and cannot be
+          # #included directly.
+
+          # There is no need to #include "gtest/gtest.h" more than once.
+          if not GTEST_H_SEED in processed_files:
+            processed_files.add(GTEST_H_SEED)
+            output_file.write('#include "%s"\n' % (GTEST_H_OUTPUT,))
+      else:
+        m = INCLUDE_SRC_FILE_REGEX.match(line)
+        if m:
+          # It's '#include "src/foo"' - let's process it recursively.
+          ProcessFile(m.group(1))
+        else:
+          output_file.write(line)
+
+  ProcessFile(GTEST_ALL_CC_SEED)
+
+
+def FuseGTestAllCc(gtest_root, output_dir):
+  """Scans folder gtest_root to generate gtest/gtest-all.cc in output_dir."""
+
+  output_file = open(os.path.join(output_dir, GTEST_ALL_CC_OUTPUT), 'w')
+  FuseGTestAllCcToFile(gtest_root, output_file)
+  output_file.close()
+
+
+def FuseGTest(gtest_root, output_dir):
+  """Fuses gtest.h and gtest-all.cc."""
+
+  ValidateGTestRootDir(gtest_root)
+  ValidateOutputDir(output_dir)
+
+  FuseGTestH(gtest_root, output_dir)
+  FuseGTestAllCc(gtest_root, output_dir)
+
+
+def main():
+  argc = len(sys.argv)
+  if argc == 2:
+    # fuse_gtest_files.py OUTPUT_DIR
+    FuseGTest(DEFAULT_GTEST_ROOT_DIR, sys.argv[1])
+  elif argc == 3:
+    # fuse_gtest_files.py GTEST_ROOT_DIR OUTPUT_DIR
+    FuseGTest(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2])
+  else:
+    print(__doc__)
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  main()
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/gen_gtest_pred_impl.py b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/gen_gtest_pred_impl.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3e7ab042eacb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/gen_gtest_pred_impl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,730 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright 2006, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""gen_gtest_pred_impl.py v0.1
+
+Generates the implementation of Google Test predicate assertions and
+accompanying tests.
+
+Usage:
+
+  gen_gtest_pred_impl.py MAX_ARITY
+
+where MAX_ARITY is a positive integer.
+
+The command generates the implementation of up-to MAX_ARITY-ary
+predicate assertions, and writes it to file gtest_pred_impl.h in the
+directory where the script is.  It also generates the accompanying
+unit test in file gtest_pred_impl_unittest.cc.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)'
+
+import os
+import sys
+import time
+
+# Where this script is.
+SCRIPT_DIR = os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0])
+
+# Where to store the generated header.
+HEADER = os.path.join(SCRIPT_DIR, '../include/gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h')
+
+# Where to store the generated unit test.
+UNIT_TEST = os.path.join(SCRIPT_DIR, '../test/gtest_pred_impl_unittest.cc')
+
+
+def HeaderPreamble(n):
+  """Returns the preamble for the header file.
+
+  Args:
+    n:  the maximum arity of the predicate macros to be generated.
+  """
+
+  # A map that defines the values used in the preamble template.
+  DEFS = {
+    'today' : time.strftime('%m/%d/%Y'),
+    'year' : time.strftime('%Y'),
+    'command' : '%s %s' % (os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]), n),
+    'n' : n
+    }
+
+  return (
+"""// Copyright 2006, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This file is AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED on %(today)s by command
+// '%(command)s'.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
+//
+// Implements a family of generic predicate assertion macros.
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRED_IMPL_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRED_IMPL_H_
+
+// Makes sure this header is not included before gtest.h.
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
+# error Do not include gtest_pred_impl.h directly.  Include gtest.h instead.
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
+
+// This header implements a family of generic predicate assertion
+// macros:
+//
+//   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(pred_format, v1)
+//   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(pred_format, v1, v2)
+//   ...
+//
+// where pred_format is a function or functor that takes n (in the
+// case of ASSERT_PRED_FORMATn) values and their source expression
+// text, and returns a testing::AssertionResult.  See the definition
+// of ASSERT_EQ in gtest.h for an example.
+//
+// If you don't care about formatting, you can use the more
+// restrictive version:
+//
+//   ASSERT_PRED1(pred, v1)
+//   ASSERT_PRED2(pred, v1, v2)
+//   ...
+//
+// where pred is an n-ary function or functor that returns bool,
+// and the values v1, v2, ..., must support the << operator for
+// streaming to std::ostream.
+//
+// We also define the EXPECT_* variations.
+//
+// For now we only support predicates whose arity is at most %(n)s.
+// Please email googletestframework@googlegroups.com if you need
+// support for higher arities.
+
+// GTEST_ASSERT_ is the basic statement to which all of the assertions
+// in this file reduce.  Don't use this in your code.
+
+#define GTEST_ASSERT_(expression, on_failure) \\
+  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \\
+  if (const ::testing::AssertionResult gtest_ar = (expression)) \\
+    ; \\
+  else \\
+    on_failure(gtest_ar.failure_message())
+""" % DEFS)
+
+
+def Arity(n):
+  """Returns the English name of the given arity."""
+
+  if n < 0:
+    return None
+  elif n <= 3:
+    return ['nullary', 'unary', 'binary', 'ternary'][n]
+  else:
+    return '%s-ary' % n
+
+
+def Title(word):
+  """Returns the given word in title case.  The difference between
+  this and string's title() method is that Title('4-ary') is '4-ary'
+  while '4-ary'.title() is '4-Ary'."""
+
+  return word[0].upper() + word[1:]
+
+
+def OneTo(n):
+  """Returns the list [1, 2, 3, ..., n]."""
+
+  return range(1, n + 1)
+
+
+def Iter(n, format, sep=''):
+  """Given a positive integer n, a format string that contains 0 or
+  more '%s' format specs, and optionally a separator string, returns
+  the join of n strings, each formatted with the format string on an
+  iterator ranged from 1 to n.
+
+  Example:
+
+  Iter(3, 'v%s', sep=', ') returns 'v1, v2, v3'.
+  """
+
+  # How many '%s' specs are in format?
+  spec_count = len(format.split('%s')) - 1
+  return sep.join([format % (spec_count * (i,)) for i in OneTo(n)])
+
+
+def ImplementationForArity(n):
+  """Returns the implementation of n-ary predicate assertions."""
+
+  # A map the defines the values used in the implementation template.
+  DEFS = {
+    'n' : str(n),
+    'vs' : Iter(n, 'v%s', sep=', '),
+    'vts' : Iter(n, '#v%s', sep=', '),
+    'arity' : Arity(n),
+    'Arity' : Title(Arity(n))
+    }
+
+  impl = """
+
+// Helper function for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED%(n)s.  Don't use
+// this in your code.
+template <typename Pred""" % DEFS
+
+  impl += Iter(n, """,
+          typename T%s""")
+
+  impl += """>
+AssertionResult AssertPred%(n)sHelper(const char* pred_text""" % DEFS
+
+  impl += Iter(n, """,
+                                  const char* e%s""")
+
+  impl += """,
+                                  Pred pred"""
+
+  impl += Iter(n, """,
+                                  const T%s& v%s""")
+
+  impl += """) {
+  if (pred(%(vs)s)) return AssertionSuccess();
+
+""" % DEFS
+
+  impl += '  return AssertionFailure() << pred_text << "("'
+
+  impl += Iter(n, """
+                            << e%s""", sep=' << ", "')
+
+  impl += ' << ") evaluates to false, where"'
+
+  impl += Iter(n, """
+                            << "\\n" << e%s << " evaluates to " << v%s""")
+
+  impl += """;
+}
+
+// Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT%(n)s.
+// Don't use this in your code.
+#define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT%(n)s_(pred_format, %(vs)s, on_failure)\\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(%(vts)s, %(vs)s), \\
+                on_failure)
+
+// Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED%(n)s.  Don't use
+// this in your code.
+#define GTEST_PRED%(n)s_(pred, %(vs)s, on_failure)\\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(::testing::AssertPred%(n)sHelper(#pred""" % DEFS
+
+  impl += Iter(n, """, \\
+                                             #v%s""")
+
+  impl += """, \\
+                                             pred"""
+
+  impl += Iter(n, """, \\
+                                             v%s""")
+
+  impl += """), on_failure)
+
+// %(Arity)s predicate assertion macros.
+#define EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT%(n)s(pred_format, %(vs)s) \\
+  GTEST_PRED_FORMAT%(n)s_(pred_format, %(vs)s, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define EXPECT_PRED%(n)s(pred, %(vs)s) \\
+  GTEST_PRED%(n)s_(pred, %(vs)s, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT%(n)s(pred_format, %(vs)s) \\
+  GTEST_PRED_FORMAT%(n)s_(pred_format, %(vs)s, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
+#define ASSERT_PRED%(n)s(pred, %(vs)s) \\
+  GTEST_PRED%(n)s_(pred, %(vs)s, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
+
+""" % DEFS
+
+  return impl
+
+
+def HeaderPostamble():
+  """Returns the postamble for the header file."""
+
+  return """
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRED_IMPL_H_
+"""
+
+
+def GenerateFile(path, content):
+  """Given a file path and a content string, overwrites it with the
+  given content."""
+
+  print 'Updating file %s . . .' % path
+
+  f = file(path, 'w+')
+  print >>f, content,
+  f.close()
+
+  print 'File %s has been updated.' % path
+
+
+def GenerateHeader(n):
+  """Given the maximum arity n, updates the header file that implements
+  the predicate assertions."""
+
+  GenerateFile(HEADER,
+               HeaderPreamble(n)
+               + ''.join([ImplementationForArity(i) for i in OneTo(n)])
+               + HeaderPostamble())
+
+
+def UnitTestPreamble():
+  """Returns the preamble for the unit test file."""
+
+  # A map that defines the values used in the preamble template.
+  DEFS = {
+    'today' : time.strftime('%m/%d/%Y'),
+    'year' : time.strftime('%Y'),
+    'command' : '%s %s' % (os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]), sys.argv[1]),
+    }
+
+  return (
+"""// Copyright 2006, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This file is AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED on %(today)s by command
+// '%(command)s'.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
+
+// Regression test for gtest_pred_impl.h
+//
+// This file is generated by a script and quite long.  If you intend to
+// learn how Google Test works by reading its unit tests, read
+// gtest_unittest.cc instead.
+//
+// This is intended as a regression test for the Google Test predicate
+// assertions.  We compile it as part of the gtest_unittest target
+// only to keep the implementation tidy and compact, as it is quite
+// involved to set up the stage for testing Google Test using Google
+// Test itself.
+//
+// Currently, gtest_unittest takes ~11 seconds to run in the testing
+// daemon.  In the future, if it grows too large and needs much more
+// time to finish, we should consider separating this file into a
+// stand-alone regression test.
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
+
+// A user-defined data type.
+struct Bool {
+  explicit Bool(int val) : value(val != 0) {}
+
+  bool operator>(int n) const { return value > Bool(n).value; }
+
+  Bool operator+(const Bool& rhs) const { return Bool(value + rhs.value); }
+
+  bool operator==(const Bool& rhs) const { return value == rhs.value; }
+
+  bool value;
+};
+
+// Enables Bool to be used in assertions.
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Bool& x) {
+  return os << (x.value ? "true" : "false");
+}
+
+""" % DEFS)
+
+
+def TestsForArity(n):
+  """Returns the tests for n-ary predicate assertions."""
+
+  # A map that defines the values used in the template for the tests.
+  DEFS = {
+    'n' : n,
+    'es' : Iter(n, 'e%s', sep=', '),
+    'vs' : Iter(n, 'v%s', sep=', '),
+    'vts' : Iter(n, '#v%s', sep=', '),
+    'tvs' : Iter(n, 'T%s v%s', sep=', '),
+    'int_vs' : Iter(n, 'int v%s', sep=', '),
+    'Bool_vs' : Iter(n, 'Bool v%s', sep=', '),
+    'types' : Iter(n, 'typename T%s', sep=', '),
+    'v_sum' : Iter(n, 'v%s', sep=' + '),
+    'arity' : Arity(n),
+    'Arity' : Title(Arity(n)),
+    }
+
+  tests = (
+"""// Sample functions/functors for testing %(arity)s predicate assertions.
+
+// A %(arity)s predicate function.
+template <%(types)s>
+bool PredFunction%(n)s(%(tvs)s) {
+  return %(v_sum)s > 0;
+}
+
+// The following two functions are needed to circumvent a bug in
+// gcc 2.95.3, which sometimes has problem with the above template
+// function.
+bool PredFunction%(n)sInt(%(int_vs)s) {
+  return %(v_sum)s > 0;
+}
+bool PredFunction%(n)sBool(%(Bool_vs)s) {
+  return %(v_sum)s > 0;
+}
+""" % DEFS)
+
+  tests += """
+// A %(arity)s predicate functor.
+struct PredFunctor%(n)s {
+  template <%(types)s>
+  bool operator()(""" % DEFS
+
+  tests += Iter(n, 'const T%s& v%s', sep=""",
+                  """)
+
+  tests += """) {
+    return %(v_sum)s > 0;
+  }
+};
+""" % DEFS
+
+  tests += """
+// A %(arity)s predicate-formatter function.
+template <%(types)s>
+testing::AssertionResult PredFormatFunction%(n)s(""" % DEFS
+
+  tests += Iter(n, 'const char* e%s', sep=""",
+                                             """)
+
+  tests += Iter(n, """,
+                                             const T%s& v%s""")
+
+  tests += """) {
+  if (PredFunction%(n)s(%(vs)s))
+    return testing::AssertionSuccess();
+
+  return testing::AssertionFailure()
+      << """ % DEFS
+
+  tests += Iter(n, 'e%s', sep=' << " + " << ')
+
+  tests += """
+      << " is expected to be positive, but evaluates to "
+      << %(v_sum)s << ".";
+}
+""" % DEFS
+
+  tests += """
+// A %(arity)s predicate-formatter functor.
+struct PredFormatFunctor%(n)s {
+  template <%(types)s>
+  testing::AssertionResult operator()(""" % DEFS
+
+  tests += Iter(n, 'const char* e%s', sep=""",
+                                      """)
+
+  tests += Iter(n, """,
+                                      const T%s& v%s""")
+
+  tests += """) const {
+    return PredFormatFunction%(n)s(%(es)s, %(vs)s);
+  }
+};
+""" % DEFS
+
+  tests += """
+// Tests for {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT%(n)s.
+
+class Predicate%(n)sTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    expected_to_finish_ = true;
+    finished_ = false;""" % DEFS
+
+  tests += """
+    """ + Iter(n, 'n%s_ = ') + """0;
+  }
+"""
+
+  tests += """
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    // Verifies that each of the predicate's arguments was evaluated
+    // exactly once."""
+
+  tests += ''.join(["""
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, n%s_) <<
+        "The predicate assertion didn't evaluate argument %s "
+        "exactly once.";""" % (i, i + 1) for i in OneTo(n)])
+
+  tests += """
+
+    // Verifies that the control flow in the test function is expected.
+    if (expected_to_finish_ && !finished_) {
+      FAIL() << "The predicate assertion unexpactedly aborted the test.";
+    } else if (!expected_to_finish_ && finished_) {
+      FAIL() << "The failed predicate assertion didn't abort the test "
+                "as expected.";
+    }
+  }
+
+  // true iff the test function is expected to run to finish.
+  static bool expected_to_finish_;
+
+  // true iff the test function did run to finish.
+  static bool finished_;
+""" % DEFS
+
+  tests += Iter(n, """
+  static int n%s_;""")
+
+  tests += """
+};
+
+bool Predicate%(n)sTest::expected_to_finish_;
+bool Predicate%(n)sTest::finished_;
+""" % DEFS
+
+  tests += Iter(n, """int Predicate%%(n)sTest::n%s_;
+""") % DEFS
+
+  tests += """
+typedef Predicate%(n)sTest EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT%(n)sTest;
+typedef Predicate%(n)sTest ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT%(n)sTest;
+typedef Predicate%(n)sTest EXPECT_PRED%(n)sTest;
+typedef Predicate%(n)sTest ASSERT_PRED%(n)sTest;
+""" % DEFS
+
+  def GenTest(use_format, use_assert, expect_failure,
+              use_functor, use_user_type):
+    """Returns the test for a predicate assertion macro.
+
+    Args:
+      use_format:     true iff the assertion is a *_PRED_FORMAT*.
+      use_assert:     true iff the assertion is a ASSERT_*.
+      expect_failure: true iff the assertion is expected to fail.
+      use_functor:    true iff the first argument of the assertion is
+                      a functor (as opposed to a function)
+      use_user_type:  true iff the predicate functor/function takes
+                      argument(s) of a user-defined type.
+
+    Example:
+
+      GenTest(1, 0, 0, 1, 0) returns a test that tests the behavior
+      of a successful EXPECT_PRED_FORMATn() that takes a functor
+      whose arguments have built-in types."""
+
+    if use_assert:
+      assrt = 'ASSERT'  # 'assert' is reserved, so we cannot use
+                        # that identifier here.
+    else:
+      assrt = 'EXPECT'
+
+    assertion = assrt + '_PRED'
+
+    if use_format:
+      pred_format = 'PredFormat'
+      assertion += '_FORMAT'
+    else:
+      pred_format = 'Pred'
+
+    assertion += '%(n)s' % DEFS
+
+    if use_functor:
+      pred_format_type = 'functor'
+      pred_format += 'Functor%(n)s()'
+    else:
+      pred_format_type = 'function'
+      pred_format += 'Function%(n)s'
+      if not use_format:
+        if use_user_type:
+          pred_format += 'Bool'
+        else:
+          pred_format += 'Int'
+
+    test_name = pred_format_type.title()
+
+    if use_user_type:
+      arg_type = 'user-defined type (Bool)'
+      test_name += 'OnUserType'
+      if expect_failure:
+        arg = 'Bool(n%s_++)'
+      else:
+        arg = 'Bool(++n%s_)'
+    else:
+      arg_type = 'built-in type (int)'
+      test_name += 'OnBuiltInType'
+      if expect_failure:
+        arg = 'n%s_++'
+      else:
+        arg = '++n%s_'
+
+    if expect_failure:
+      successful_or_failed = 'failed'
+      expected_or_not = 'expected.'
+      test_name +=  'Failure'
+    else:
+      successful_or_failed = 'successful'
+      expected_or_not = 'UNEXPECTED!'
+      test_name +=  'Success'
+
+    # A map that defines the values used in the test template.
+    defs = DEFS.copy()
+    defs.update({
+      'assert' : assrt,
+      'assertion' : assertion,
+      'test_name' : test_name,
+      'pf_type' : pred_format_type,
+      'pf' : pred_format,
+      'arg_type' : arg_type,
+      'arg' : arg,
+      'successful' : successful_or_failed,
+      'expected' : expected_or_not,
+      })
+
+    test = """
+// Tests a %(successful)s %(assertion)s where the
+// predicate-formatter is a %(pf_type)s on a %(arg_type)s.
+TEST_F(%(assertion)sTest, %(test_name)s) {""" % defs
+
+    indent = (len(assertion) + 3)*' '
+    extra_indent = ''
+
+    if expect_failure:
+      extra_indent = '  '
+      if use_assert:
+        test += """
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT"""
+      else:
+        test += """
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT"""
+
+    test += '\n' + extra_indent + """  %(assertion)s(%(pf)s""" % defs
+
+    test = test % defs
+    test += Iter(n, ',\n' + indent + extra_indent + '%(arg)s' % defs)
+    test += ');\n' + extra_indent + '  finished_ = true;\n'
+
+    if expect_failure:
+      test += '  }, "");\n'
+
+    test += '}\n'
+    return test
+
+  # Generates tests for all 2**6 = 64 combinations.
+  tests += ''.join([GenTest(use_format, use_assert, expect_failure,
+                            use_functor, use_user_type)
+                    for use_format in [0, 1]
+                    for use_assert in [0, 1]
+                    for expect_failure in [0, 1]
+                    for use_functor in [0, 1]
+                    for use_user_type in [0, 1]
+                    ])
+
+  return tests
+
+
+def UnitTestPostamble():
+  """Returns the postamble for the tests."""
+
+  return ''
+
+
+def GenerateUnitTest(n):
+  """Returns the tests for up-to n-ary predicate assertions."""
+
+  GenerateFile(UNIT_TEST,
+               UnitTestPreamble()
+               + ''.join([TestsForArity(i) for i in OneTo(n)])
+               + UnitTestPostamble())
+
+
+def _Main():
+  """The entry point of the script.  Generates the header file and its
+  unit test."""
+
+  if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+    print __doc__
+    print 'Author: ' + __author__
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+  n = int(sys.argv[1])
+  GenerateHeader(n)
+  GenerateUnitTest(n)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  _Main()
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/gtest-config.in b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/gtest-config.in
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..780f8432efcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/gtest-config.in
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# These variables are automatically filled in by the configure script.
+name="@PACKAGE_TARNAME@"
+version="@PACKAGE_VERSION@"
+
+show_usage()
+{
+  echo "Usage: gtest-config [OPTIONS...]"
+}
+
+show_help()
+{
+  show_usage
+  cat <<\EOF
+
+The `gtest-config' script provides access to the necessary compile and linking
+flags to connect with Google C++ Testing Framework, both in a build prior to
+installation, and on the system proper after installation. The installation
+overrides may be issued in combination with any other queries, but will only
+affect installation queries if called on a built but not installed gtest. The
+installation queries may not be issued with any other types of queries, and
+only one installation query may be made at a time. The version queries and
+compiler flag queries may be combined as desired but not mixed. Different
+version queries are always combined with logical "and" semantics, and only the
+last of any particular query is used while all previous ones ignored. All
+versions must be specified as a sequence of numbers separated by periods.
+Compiler flag queries output the union of the sets of flags when combined.
+
+ Examples:
+  gtest-config --min-version=1.0 || echo "Insufficient Google Test version."
+
+  g++ $(gtest-config --cppflags --cxxflags) -o foo.o -c foo.cpp
+  g++ $(gtest-config --ldflags --libs) -o foo foo.o
+
+  # When using a built but not installed Google Test:
+  g++ $(../../my_gtest_build/scripts/gtest-config ...) ...
+
+  # When using an installed Google Test, but with installation overrides:
+  export GTEST_PREFIX="/opt"
+  g++ $(gtest-config --libdir="/opt/lib64" ...) ...
+
+ Help:
+  --usage                    brief usage information
+  --help                     display this help message
+
+ Installation Overrides:
+  --prefix=<dir>             overrides the installation prefix
+  --exec-prefix=<dir>        overrides the executable installation prefix
+  --libdir=<dir>             overrides the library installation prefix
+  --includedir=<dir>         overrides the header file installation prefix
+
+ Installation Queries:
+  --prefix                   installation prefix
+  --exec-prefix              executable installation prefix
+  --libdir                   library installation directory
+  --includedir               header file installation directory
+  --version                  the version of the Google Test installation
+
+ Version Queries:
+  --min-version=VERSION      return 0 if the version is at least VERSION
+  --exact-version=VERSION    return 0 if the version is exactly VERSION
+  --max-version=VERSION      return 0 if the version is at most VERSION
+
+ Compilation Flag Queries:
+  --cppflags                 compile flags specific to the C-like preprocessors
+  --cxxflags                 compile flags appropriate for C++ programs
+  --ldflags                  linker flags
+  --libs                     libraries for linking
+
+EOF
+}
+
+# This function bounds our version with a min and a max. It uses some clever
+# POSIX-compliant variable expansion to portably do all the work in the shell
+# and avoid any dependency on a particular "sed" or "awk" implementation.
+# Notable is that it will only ever compare the first 3 components of versions.
+# Further components will be cleanly stripped off. All versions must be
+# unadorned, so "v1.0" will *not* work. The minimum version must be in $1, and
+# the max in $2. TODO(chandlerc@google.com): If this ever breaks, we should
+# investigate expanding this via autom4te from AS_VERSION_COMPARE rather than
+# continuing to maintain our own shell version.
+check_versions()
+{
+  major_version=${version%%.*}
+  minor_version="0"
+  point_version="0"
+  if test "${version#*.}" != "${version}"; then
+    minor_version=${version#*.}
+    minor_version=${minor_version%%.*}
+  fi
+  if test "${version#*.*.}" != "${version}"; then
+    point_version=${version#*.*.}
+    point_version=${point_version%%.*}
+  fi
+
+  min_version="$1"
+  min_major_version=${min_version%%.*}
+  min_minor_version="0"
+  min_point_version="0"
+  if test "${min_version#*.}" != "${min_version}"; then
+    min_minor_version=${min_version#*.}
+    min_minor_version=${min_minor_version%%.*}
+  fi
+  if test "${min_version#*.*.}" != "${min_version}"; then
+    min_point_version=${min_version#*.*.}
+    min_point_version=${min_point_version%%.*}
+  fi
+
+  max_version="$2"
+  max_major_version=${max_version%%.*}
+  max_minor_version="0"
+  max_point_version="0"
+  if test "${max_version#*.}" != "${max_version}"; then
+    max_minor_version=${max_version#*.}
+    max_minor_version=${max_minor_version%%.*}
+  fi
+  if test "${max_version#*.*.}" != "${max_version}"; then
+    max_point_version=${max_version#*.*.}
+    max_point_version=${max_point_version%%.*}
+  fi
+
+  test $(($major_version)) -lt $(($min_major_version)) && exit 1
+  if test $(($major_version)) -eq $(($min_major_version)); then
+    test $(($minor_version)) -lt $(($min_minor_version)) && exit 1
+    if test $(($minor_version)) -eq $(($min_minor_version)); then
+      test $(($point_version)) -lt $(($min_point_version)) && exit 1
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  test $(($major_version)) -gt $(($max_major_version)) && exit 1
+  if test $(($major_version)) -eq $(($max_major_version)); then
+    test $(($minor_version)) -gt $(($max_minor_version)) && exit 1
+    if test $(($minor_version)) -eq $(($max_minor_version)); then
+      test $(($point_version)) -gt $(($max_point_version)) && exit 1
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  exit 0
+}
+
+# Show the usage line when no arguments are specified.
+if test $# -eq 0; then
+  show_usage
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+while test $# -gt 0; do
+  case $1 in
+    --usage)          show_usage;         exit 0;;
+    --help)           show_help;          exit 0;;
+
+    # Installation overrides
+    --prefix=*)       GTEST_PREFIX=${1#--prefix=};;
+    --exec-prefix=*)  GTEST_EXEC_PREFIX=${1#--exec-prefix=};;
+    --libdir=*)       GTEST_LIBDIR=${1#--libdir=};;
+    --includedir=*)   GTEST_INCLUDEDIR=${1#--includedir=};;
+
+    # Installation queries
+    --prefix|--exec-prefix|--libdir|--includedir|--version)
+      if test -n "${do_query}"; then
+        show_usage
+        exit 1
+      fi
+      do_query=${1#--}
+      ;;
+
+    # Version checking
+    --min-version=*)
+      do_check_versions=yes
+      min_version=${1#--min-version=}
+      ;;
+    --max-version=*)
+      do_check_versions=yes
+      max_version=${1#--max-version=}
+      ;;
+    --exact-version=*)
+      do_check_versions=yes
+      exact_version=${1#--exact-version=}
+      ;;
+
+    # Compiler flag output
+    --cppflags)       echo_cppflags=yes;;
+    --cxxflags)       echo_cxxflags=yes;;
+    --ldflags)        echo_ldflags=yes;;
+    --libs)           echo_libs=yes;;
+
+    # Everything else is an error
+    *)                show_usage;         exit 1;;
+  esac
+  shift
+done
+
+# These have defaults filled in by the configure script but can also be
+# overridden by environment variables or command line parameters.
+prefix="${GTEST_PREFIX:-@prefix@}"
+exec_prefix="${GTEST_EXEC_PREFIX:-@exec_prefix@}"
+libdir="${GTEST_LIBDIR:-@libdir@}"
+includedir="${GTEST_INCLUDEDIR:-@includedir@}"
+
+# We try and detect if our binary is not located at its installed location. If
+# it's not, we provide variables pointing to the source and build tree rather
+# than to the install tree. This allows building against a just-built gtest
+# rather than an installed gtest.
+bindir="@bindir@"
+this_relative_bindir=`dirname $0`
+this_bindir=`cd ${this_relative_bindir}; pwd -P`
+if test "${this_bindir}" = "${this_bindir%${bindir}}"; then
+  # The path to the script doesn't end in the bindir sequence from Autoconf,
+  # assume that we are in a build tree.
+  build_dir=`dirname ${this_bindir}`
+  src_dir=`cd ${this_bindir}; cd @top_srcdir@; pwd -P`
+
+  # TODO(chandlerc@google.com): This is a dangerous dependency on libtool, we
+  # should work to remove it, and/or remove libtool altogether, replacing it
+  # with direct references to the library and a link path.
+  gtest_libs="${build_dir}/lib/libgtest.la @PTHREAD_CFLAGS@ @PTHREAD_LIBS@"
+  gtest_ldflags=""
+
+  # We provide hooks to include from either the source or build dir, where the
+  # build dir is always preferred. This will potentially allow us to write
+  # build rules for generated headers and have them automatically be preferred
+  # over provided versions.
+  gtest_cppflags="-I${build_dir}/include -I${src_dir}/include"
+  gtest_cxxflags="@PTHREAD_CFLAGS@"
+else
+  # We're using an installed gtest, although it may be staged under some
+  # prefix. Assume (as our own libraries do) that we can resolve the prefix,
+  # and are present in the dynamic link paths.
+  gtest_ldflags="-L${libdir}"
+  gtest_libs="-l${name} @PTHREAD_CFLAGS@ @PTHREAD_LIBS@"
+  gtest_cppflags="-I${includedir}"
+  gtest_cxxflags="@PTHREAD_CFLAGS@"
+fi
+
+# Do an installation query if requested.
+if test -n "$do_query"; then
+  case $do_query in
+    prefix)           echo $prefix;       exit 0;;
+    exec-prefix)      echo $exec_prefix;  exit 0;;
+    libdir)           echo $libdir;       exit 0;;
+    includedir)       echo $includedir;   exit 0;;
+    version)          echo $version;      exit 0;;
+    *)                show_usage;         exit 1;;
+  esac
+fi
+
+# Do a version check if requested.
+if test "$do_check_versions" = "yes"; then
+  # Make sure we didn't receive a bad combination of parameters.
+  test "$echo_cppflags" = "yes" && show_usage && exit 1
+  test "$echo_cxxflags" = "yes" && show_usage && exit 1
+  test "$echo_ldflags" = "yes"  && show_usage && exit 1
+  test "$echo_libs" = "yes"     && show_usage && exit 1
+
+  if test "$exact_version" != ""; then
+    check_versions $exact_version $exact_version
+    # unreachable
+  else
+    check_versions ${min_version:-0.0.0} ${max_version:-9999.9999.9999}
+    # unreachable
+  fi
+fi
+
+# Do the output in the correct order so that these can be used in-line of
+# a compiler invocation.
+output=""
+test "$echo_cppflags" = "yes" && output="$output $gtest_cppflags"
+test "$echo_cxxflags" = "yes" && output="$output $gtest_cxxflags"
+test "$echo_ldflags" = "yes"  && output="$output $gtest_ldflags"
+test "$echo_libs" = "yes"     && output="$output $gtest_libs"
+echo $output
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/pump.py b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/pump.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5efb653c207d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/pump.py
@@ -0,0 +1,855 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""pump v0.2.0 - Pretty Useful for Meta Programming.
+
+A tool for preprocessor meta programming.  Useful for generating
+repetitive boilerplate code.  Especially useful for writing C++
+classes, functions, macros, and templates that need to work with
+various number of arguments.
+
+USAGE:
+       pump.py SOURCE_FILE
+
+EXAMPLES:
+       pump.py foo.cc.pump
+         Converts foo.cc.pump to foo.cc.
+
+GRAMMAR:
+       CODE ::= ATOMIC_CODE*
+       ATOMIC_CODE ::= $var ID = EXPRESSION
+           | $var ID = [[ CODE ]]
+           | $range ID EXPRESSION..EXPRESSION
+           | $for ID SEPARATOR [[ CODE ]]
+           | $($)
+           | $ID
+           | $(EXPRESSION)
+           | $if EXPRESSION [[ CODE ]] ELSE_BRANCH
+           | [[ CODE ]]
+           | RAW_CODE
+       SEPARATOR ::= RAW_CODE | EMPTY
+       ELSE_BRANCH ::= $else [[ CODE ]]
+           | $elif EXPRESSION [[ CODE ]] ELSE_BRANCH
+           | EMPTY
+       EXPRESSION has Python syntax.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)'
+
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+
+
+TOKEN_TABLE = [
+    (re.compile(r'\$var\s+'), '$var'),
+    (re.compile(r'\$elif\s+'), '$elif'),
+    (re.compile(r'\$else\s+'), '$else'),
+    (re.compile(r'\$for\s+'), '$for'),
+    (re.compile(r'\$if\s+'), '$if'),
+    (re.compile(r'\$range\s+'), '$range'),
+    (re.compile(r'\$[_A-Za-z]\w*'), '$id'),
+    (re.compile(r'\$\(\$\)'), '$($)'),
+    (re.compile(r'\$'), '$'),
+    (re.compile(r'\[\[\n?'), '[['),
+    (re.compile(r'\]\]\n?'), ']]'),
+    ]
+
+
+class Cursor:
+  """Represents a position (line and column) in a text file."""
+
+  def __init__(self, line=-1, column=-1):
+    self.line = line
+    self.column = column
+
+  def __eq__(self, rhs):
+    return self.line == rhs.line and self.column == rhs.column
+
+  def __ne__(self, rhs):
+    return not self == rhs
+
+  def __lt__(self, rhs):
+    return self.line < rhs.line or (
+        self.line == rhs.line and self.column < rhs.column)
+
+  def __le__(self, rhs):
+    return self < rhs or self == rhs
+
+  def __gt__(self, rhs):
+    return rhs < self
+
+  def __ge__(self, rhs):
+    return rhs <= self
+
+  def __str__(self):
+    if self == Eof():
+      return 'EOF'
+    else:
+      return '%s(%s)' % (self.line + 1, self.column)
+
+  def __add__(self, offset):
+    return Cursor(self.line, self.column + offset)
+
+  def __sub__(self, offset):
+    return Cursor(self.line, self.column - offset)
+
+  def Clone(self):
+    """Returns a copy of self."""
+
+    return Cursor(self.line, self.column)
+
+
+# Special cursor to indicate the end-of-file.
+def Eof():
+  """Returns the special cursor to denote the end-of-file."""
+  return Cursor(-1, -1)
+
+
+class Token:
+  """Represents a token in a Pump source file."""
+
+  def __init__(self, start=None, end=None, value=None, token_type=None):
+    if start is None:
+      self.start = Eof()
+    else:
+      self.start = start
+    if end is None:
+      self.end = Eof()
+    else:
+      self.end = end
+    self.value = value
+    self.token_type = token_type
+
+  def __str__(self):
+    return 'Token @%s: \'%s\' type=%s' % (
+        self.start, self.value, self.token_type)
+
+  def Clone(self):
+    """Returns a copy of self."""
+
+    return Token(self.start.Clone(), self.end.Clone(), self.value,
+                 self.token_type)
+
+
+def StartsWith(lines, pos, string):
+  """Returns True iff the given position in lines starts with 'string'."""
+
+  return lines[pos.line][pos.column:].startswith(string)
+
+
+def FindFirstInLine(line, token_table):
+  best_match_start = -1
+  for (regex, token_type) in token_table:
+    m = regex.search(line)
+    if m:
+      # We found regex in lines
+      if best_match_start < 0 or m.start() < best_match_start:
+        best_match_start = m.start()
+        best_match_length = m.end() - m.start()
+        best_match_token_type = token_type
+
+  if best_match_start < 0:
+    return None
+
+  return (best_match_start, best_match_length, best_match_token_type)
+
+
+def FindFirst(lines, token_table, cursor):
+  """Finds the first occurrence of any string in strings in lines."""
+
+  start = cursor.Clone()
+  cur_line_number = cursor.line
+  for line in lines[start.line:]:
+    if cur_line_number == start.line:
+      line = line[start.column:]
+    m = FindFirstInLine(line, token_table)
+    if m:
+      # We found a regex in line.
+      (start_column, length, token_type) = m
+      if cur_line_number == start.line:
+        start_column += start.column
+      found_start = Cursor(cur_line_number, start_column)
+      found_end = found_start + length
+      return MakeToken(lines, found_start, found_end, token_type)
+    cur_line_number += 1
+  # We failed to find str in lines
+  return None
+
+
+def SubString(lines, start, end):
+  """Returns a substring in lines."""
+
+  if end == Eof():
+    end = Cursor(len(lines) - 1, len(lines[-1]))
+
+  if start >= end:
+    return ''
+
+  if start.line == end.line:
+    return lines[start.line][start.column:end.column]
+
+  result_lines = ([lines[start.line][start.column:]] +
+                  lines[start.line + 1:end.line] +
+                  [lines[end.line][:end.column]])
+  return ''.join(result_lines)
+
+
+def StripMetaComments(str):
+  """Strip meta comments from each line in the given string."""
+
+  # First, completely remove lines containing nothing but a meta
+  # comment, including the trailing \n.
+  str = re.sub(r'^\s*\$\$.*\n', '', str)
+
+  # Then, remove meta comments from contentful lines.
+  return re.sub(r'\s*\$\$.*', '', str)
+
+
+def MakeToken(lines, start, end, token_type):
+  """Creates a new instance of Token."""
+
+  return Token(start, end, SubString(lines, start, end), token_type)
+
+
+def ParseToken(lines, pos, regex, token_type):
+  line = lines[pos.line][pos.column:]
+  m = regex.search(line)
+  if m and not m.start():
+    return MakeToken(lines, pos, pos + m.end(), token_type)
+  else:
+    print 'ERROR: %s expected at %s.' % (token_type, pos)
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+
+ID_REGEX = re.compile(r'[_A-Za-z]\w*')
+EQ_REGEX = re.compile(r'=')
+REST_OF_LINE_REGEX = re.compile(r'.*?(?=$|\$\$)')
+OPTIONAL_WHITE_SPACES_REGEX = re.compile(r'\s*')
+WHITE_SPACE_REGEX = re.compile(r'\s')
+DOT_DOT_REGEX = re.compile(r'\.\.')
+
+
+def Skip(lines, pos, regex):
+  line = lines[pos.line][pos.column:]
+  m = re.search(regex, line)
+  if m and not m.start():
+    return pos + m.end()
+  else:
+    return pos
+
+
+def SkipUntil(lines, pos, regex, token_type):
+  line = lines[pos.line][pos.column:]
+  m = re.search(regex, line)
+  if m:
+    return pos + m.start()
+  else:
+    print ('ERROR: %s expected on line %s after column %s.' %
+           (token_type, pos.line + 1, pos.column))
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def ParseExpTokenInParens(lines, pos):
+  def ParseInParens(pos):
+    pos = Skip(lines, pos, OPTIONAL_WHITE_SPACES_REGEX)
+    pos = Skip(lines, pos, r'\(')
+    pos = Parse(pos)
+    pos = Skip(lines, pos, r'\)')
+    return pos
+
+  def Parse(pos):
+    pos = SkipUntil(lines, pos, r'\(|\)', ')')
+    if SubString(lines, pos, pos + 1) == '(':
+      pos = Parse(pos + 1)
+      pos = Skip(lines, pos, r'\)')
+      return Parse(pos)
+    else:
+      return pos
+
+  start = pos.Clone()
+  pos = ParseInParens(pos)
+  return MakeToken(lines, start, pos, 'exp')
+
+
+def RStripNewLineFromToken(token):
+  if token.value.endswith('\n'):
+    return Token(token.start, token.end, token.value[:-1], token.token_type)
+  else:
+    return token
+
+
+def TokenizeLines(lines, pos):
+  while True:
+    found = FindFirst(lines, TOKEN_TABLE, pos)
+    if not found:
+      yield MakeToken(lines, pos, Eof(), 'code')
+      return
+
+    if found.start == pos:
+      prev_token = None
+      prev_token_rstripped = None
+    else:
+      prev_token = MakeToken(lines, pos, found.start, 'code')
+      prev_token_rstripped = RStripNewLineFromToken(prev_token)
+
+    if found.token_type == '$var':
+      if prev_token_rstripped:
+        yield prev_token_rstripped
+      yield found
+      id_token = ParseToken(lines, found.end, ID_REGEX, 'id')
+      yield id_token
+      pos = Skip(lines, id_token.end, OPTIONAL_WHITE_SPACES_REGEX)
+
+      eq_token = ParseToken(lines, pos, EQ_REGEX, '=')
+      yield eq_token
+      pos = Skip(lines, eq_token.end, r'\s*')
+
+      if SubString(lines, pos, pos + 2) != '[[':
+        exp_token = ParseToken(lines, pos, REST_OF_LINE_REGEX, 'exp')
+        yield exp_token
+        pos = Cursor(exp_token.end.line + 1, 0)
+    elif found.token_type == '$for':
+      if prev_token_rstripped:
+        yield prev_token_rstripped
+      yield found
+      id_token = ParseToken(lines, found.end, ID_REGEX, 'id')
+      yield id_token
+      pos = Skip(lines, id_token.end, WHITE_SPACE_REGEX)
+    elif found.token_type == '$range':
+      if prev_token_rstripped:
+        yield prev_token_rstripped
+      yield found
+      id_token = ParseToken(lines, found.end, ID_REGEX, 'id')
+      yield id_token
+      pos = Skip(lines, id_token.end, OPTIONAL_WHITE_SPACES_REGEX)
+
+      dots_pos = SkipUntil(lines, pos, DOT_DOT_REGEX, '..')
+      yield MakeToken(lines, pos, dots_pos, 'exp')
+      yield MakeToken(lines, dots_pos, dots_pos + 2, '..')
+      pos = dots_pos + 2
+      new_pos = Cursor(pos.line + 1, 0)
+      yield MakeToken(lines, pos, new_pos, 'exp')
+      pos = new_pos
+    elif found.token_type == '$':
+      if prev_token:
+        yield prev_token
+      yield found
+      exp_token = ParseExpTokenInParens(lines, found.end)
+      yield exp_token
+      pos = exp_token.end
+    elif (found.token_type == ']]' or found.token_type == '$if' or
+          found.token_type == '$elif' or found.token_type == '$else'):
+      if prev_token_rstripped:
+        yield prev_token_rstripped
+      yield found
+      pos = found.end
+    else:
+      if prev_token:
+        yield prev_token
+      yield found
+      pos = found.end
+
+
+def Tokenize(s):
+  """A generator that yields the tokens in the given string."""
+  if s != '':
+    lines = s.splitlines(True)
+    for token in TokenizeLines(lines, Cursor(0, 0)):
+      yield token
+
+
+class CodeNode:
+  def __init__(self, atomic_code_list=None):
+    self.atomic_code = atomic_code_list
+
+
+class VarNode:
+  def __init__(self, identifier=None, atomic_code=None):
+    self.identifier = identifier
+    self.atomic_code = atomic_code
+
+
+class RangeNode:
+  def __init__(self, identifier=None, exp1=None, exp2=None):
+    self.identifier = identifier
+    self.exp1 = exp1
+    self.exp2 = exp2
+
+
+class ForNode:
+  def __init__(self, identifier=None, sep=None, code=None):
+    self.identifier = identifier
+    self.sep = sep
+    self.code = code
+
+
+class ElseNode:
+  def __init__(self, else_branch=None):
+    self.else_branch = else_branch
+
+
+class IfNode:
+  def __init__(self, exp=None, then_branch=None, else_branch=None):
+    self.exp = exp
+    self.then_branch = then_branch
+    self.else_branch = else_branch
+
+
+class RawCodeNode:
+  def __init__(self, token=None):
+    self.raw_code = token
+
+
+class LiteralDollarNode:
+  def __init__(self, token):
+    self.token = token
+
+
+class ExpNode:
+  def __init__(self, token, python_exp):
+    self.token = token
+    self.python_exp = python_exp
+
+
+def PopFront(a_list):
+  head = a_list[0]
+  a_list[:1] = []
+  return head
+
+
+def PushFront(a_list, elem):
+  a_list[:0] = [elem]
+
+
+def PopToken(a_list, token_type=None):
+  token = PopFront(a_list)
+  if token_type is not None and token.token_type != token_type:
+    print 'ERROR: %s expected at %s' % (token_type, token.start)
+    print 'ERROR: %s found instead' % (token,)
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+  return token
+
+
+def PeekToken(a_list):
+  if not a_list:
+    return None
+
+  return a_list[0]
+
+
+def ParseExpNode(token):
+  python_exp = re.sub(r'([_A-Za-z]\w*)', r'self.GetValue("\1")', token.value)
+  return ExpNode(token, python_exp)
+
+
+def ParseElseNode(tokens):
+  def Pop(token_type=None):
+    return PopToken(tokens, token_type)
+
+  next = PeekToken(tokens)
+  if not next:
+    return None
+  if next.token_type == '$else':
+    Pop('$else')
+    Pop('[[')
+    code_node = ParseCodeNode(tokens)
+    Pop(']]')
+    return code_node
+  elif next.token_type == '$elif':
+    Pop('$elif')
+    exp = Pop('code')
+    Pop('[[')
+    code_node = ParseCodeNode(tokens)
+    Pop(']]')
+    inner_else_node = ParseElseNode(tokens)
+    return CodeNode([IfNode(ParseExpNode(exp), code_node, inner_else_node)])
+  elif not next.value.strip():
+    Pop('code')
+    return ParseElseNode(tokens)
+  else:
+    return None
+
+
+def ParseAtomicCodeNode(tokens):
+  def Pop(token_type=None):
+    return PopToken(tokens, token_type)
+
+  head = PopFront(tokens)
+  t = head.token_type
+  if t == 'code':
+    return RawCodeNode(head)
+  elif t == '$var':
+    id_token = Pop('id')
+    Pop('=')
+    next = PeekToken(tokens)
+    if next.token_type == 'exp':
+      exp_token = Pop()
+      return VarNode(id_token, ParseExpNode(exp_token))
+    Pop('[[')
+    code_node = ParseCodeNode(tokens)
+    Pop(']]')
+    return VarNode(id_token, code_node)
+  elif t == '$for':
+    id_token = Pop('id')
+    next_token = PeekToken(tokens)
+    if next_token.token_type == 'code':
+      sep_token = next_token
+      Pop('code')
+    else:
+      sep_token = None
+    Pop('[[')
+    code_node = ParseCodeNode(tokens)
+    Pop(']]')
+    return ForNode(id_token, sep_token, code_node)
+  elif t == '$if':
+    exp_token = Pop('code')
+    Pop('[[')
+    code_node = ParseCodeNode(tokens)
+    Pop(']]')
+    else_node = ParseElseNode(tokens)
+    return IfNode(ParseExpNode(exp_token), code_node, else_node)
+  elif t == '$range':
+    id_token = Pop('id')
+    exp1_token = Pop('exp')
+    Pop('..')
+    exp2_token = Pop('exp')
+    return RangeNode(id_token, ParseExpNode(exp1_token),
+                     ParseExpNode(exp2_token))
+  elif t == '$id':
+    return ParseExpNode(Token(head.start + 1, head.end, head.value[1:], 'id'))
+  elif t == '$($)':
+    return LiteralDollarNode(head)
+  elif t == '$':
+    exp_token = Pop('exp')
+    return ParseExpNode(exp_token)
+  elif t == '[[':
+    code_node = ParseCodeNode(tokens)
+    Pop(']]')
+    return code_node
+  else:
+    PushFront(tokens, head)
+    return None
+
+
+def ParseCodeNode(tokens):
+  atomic_code_list = []
+  while True:
+    if not tokens:
+      break
+    atomic_code_node = ParseAtomicCodeNode(tokens)
+    if atomic_code_node:
+      atomic_code_list.append(atomic_code_node)
+    else:
+      break
+  return CodeNode(atomic_code_list)
+
+
+def ParseToAST(pump_src_text):
+  """Convert the given Pump source text into an AST."""
+  tokens = list(Tokenize(pump_src_text))
+  code_node = ParseCodeNode(tokens)
+  return code_node
+
+
+class Env:
+  def __init__(self):
+    self.variables = []
+    self.ranges = []
+
+  def Clone(self):
+    clone = Env()
+    clone.variables = self.variables[:]
+    clone.ranges = self.ranges[:]
+    return clone
+
+  def PushVariable(self, var, value):
+    # If value looks like an int, store it as an int.
+    try:
+      int_value = int(value)
+      if ('%s' % int_value) == value:
+        value = int_value
+    except Exception:
+      pass
+    self.variables[:0] = [(var, value)]
+
+  def PopVariable(self):
+    self.variables[:1] = []
+
+  def PushRange(self, var, lower, upper):
+    self.ranges[:0] = [(var, lower, upper)]
+
+  def PopRange(self):
+    self.ranges[:1] = []
+
+  def GetValue(self, identifier):
+    for (var, value) in self.variables:
+      if identifier == var:
+        return value
+
+    print 'ERROR: meta variable %s is undefined.' % (identifier,)
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+  def EvalExp(self, exp):
+    try:
+      result = eval(exp.python_exp)
+    except Exception, e:
+      print 'ERROR: caught exception %s: %s' % (e.__class__.__name__, e)
+      print ('ERROR: failed to evaluate meta expression %s at %s' %
+             (exp.python_exp, exp.token.start))
+      sys.exit(1)
+    return result
+
+  def GetRange(self, identifier):
+    for (var, lower, upper) in self.ranges:
+      if identifier == var:
+        return (lower, upper)
+
+    print 'ERROR: range %s is undefined.' % (identifier,)
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+
+class Output:
+  def __init__(self):
+    self.string = ''
+
+  def GetLastLine(self):
+    index = self.string.rfind('\n')
+    if index < 0:
+      return ''
+
+    return self.string[index + 1:]
+
+  def Append(self, s):
+    self.string += s
+
+
+def RunAtomicCode(env, node, output):
+  if isinstance(node, VarNode):
+    identifier = node.identifier.value.strip()
+    result = Output()
+    RunAtomicCode(env.Clone(), node.atomic_code, result)
+    value = result.string
+    env.PushVariable(identifier, value)
+  elif isinstance(node, RangeNode):
+    identifier = node.identifier.value.strip()
+    lower = int(env.EvalExp(node.exp1))
+    upper = int(env.EvalExp(node.exp2))
+    env.PushRange(identifier, lower, upper)
+  elif isinstance(node, ForNode):
+    identifier = node.identifier.value.strip()
+    if node.sep is None:
+      sep = ''
+    else:
+      sep = node.sep.value
+    (lower, upper) = env.GetRange(identifier)
+    for i in range(lower, upper + 1):
+      new_env = env.Clone()
+      new_env.PushVariable(identifier, i)
+      RunCode(new_env, node.code, output)
+      if i != upper:
+        output.Append(sep)
+  elif isinstance(node, RawCodeNode):
+    output.Append(node.raw_code.value)
+  elif isinstance(node, IfNode):
+    cond = env.EvalExp(node.exp)
+    if cond:
+      RunCode(env.Clone(), node.then_branch, output)
+    elif node.else_branch is not None:
+      RunCode(env.Clone(), node.else_branch, output)
+  elif isinstance(node, ExpNode):
+    value = env.EvalExp(node)
+    output.Append('%s' % (value,))
+  elif isinstance(node, LiteralDollarNode):
+    output.Append('$')
+  elif isinstance(node, CodeNode):
+    RunCode(env.Clone(), node, output)
+  else:
+    print 'BAD'
+    print node
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def RunCode(env, code_node, output):
+  for atomic_code in code_node.atomic_code:
+    RunAtomicCode(env, atomic_code, output)
+
+
+def IsSingleLineComment(cur_line):
+  return '//' in cur_line
+
+
+def IsInPreprocessorDirective(prev_lines, cur_line):
+  if cur_line.lstrip().startswith('#'):
+    return True
+  return prev_lines and prev_lines[-1].endswith('\\')
+
+
+def WrapComment(line, output):
+  loc = line.find('//')
+  before_comment = line[:loc].rstrip()
+  if before_comment == '':
+    indent = loc
+  else:
+    output.append(before_comment)
+    indent = len(before_comment) - len(before_comment.lstrip())
+  prefix = indent*' ' + '// '
+  max_len = 80 - len(prefix)
+  comment = line[loc + 2:].strip()
+  segs = [seg for seg in re.split(r'(\w+\W*)', comment) if seg != '']
+  cur_line = ''
+  for seg in segs:
+    if len((cur_line + seg).rstrip()) < max_len:
+      cur_line += seg
+    else:
+      if cur_line.strip() != '':
+        output.append(prefix + cur_line.rstrip())
+      cur_line = seg.lstrip()
+  if cur_line.strip() != '':
+    output.append(prefix + cur_line.strip())
+
+
+def WrapCode(line, line_concat, output):
+  indent = len(line) - len(line.lstrip())
+  prefix = indent*' '  # Prefix of the current line
+  max_len = 80 - indent - len(line_concat)  # Maximum length of the current line
+  new_prefix = prefix + 4*' '  # Prefix of a continuation line
+  new_max_len = max_len - 4  # Maximum length of a continuation line
+  # Prefers to wrap a line after a ',' or ';'.
+  segs = [seg for seg in re.split(r'([^,;]+[,;]?)', line.strip()) if seg != '']
+  cur_line = ''  # The current line without leading spaces.
+  for seg in segs:
+    # If the line is still too long, wrap at a space.
+    while cur_line == '' and len(seg.strip()) > max_len:
+      seg = seg.lstrip()
+      split_at = seg.rfind(' ', 0, max_len)
+      output.append(prefix + seg[:split_at].strip() + line_concat)
+      seg = seg[split_at + 1:]
+      prefix = new_prefix
+      max_len = new_max_len
+
+    if len((cur_line + seg).rstrip()) < max_len:
+      cur_line = (cur_line + seg).lstrip()
+    else:
+      output.append(prefix + cur_line.rstrip() + line_concat)
+      prefix = new_prefix
+      max_len = new_max_len
+      cur_line = seg.lstrip()
+  if cur_line.strip() != '':
+    output.append(prefix + cur_line.strip())
+
+
+def WrapPreprocessorDirective(line, output):
+  WrapCode(line, ' \\', output)
+
+
+def WrapPlainCode(line, output):
+  WrapCode(line, '', output)
+
+
+def IsMultiLineIWYUPragma(line):
+  return re.search(r'/\* IWYU pragma: ', line)
+
+
+def IsHeaderGuardIncludeOrOneLineIWYUPragma(line):
+  return (re.match(r'^#(ifndef|define|endif\s*//)\s*[\w_]+\s*$', line) or
+          re.match(r'^#include\s', line) or
+          # Don't break IWYU pragmas, either; that causes iwyu.py problems.
+          re.search(r'// IWYU pragma: ', line))
+
+
+def WrapLongLine(line, output):
+  line = line.rstrip()
+  if len(line) <= 80:
+    output.append(line)
+  elif IsSingleLineComment(line):
+    if IsHeaderGuardIncludeOrOneLineIWYUPragma(line):
+      # The style guide made an exception to allow long header guard lines,
+      # includes and IWYU pragmas.
+      output.append(line)
+    else:
+      WrapComment(line, output)
+  elif IsInPreprocessorDirective(output, line):
+    if IsHeaderGuardIncludeOrOneLineIWYUPragma(line):
+      # The style guide made an exception to allow long header guard lines,
+      # includes and IWYU pragmas.
+      output.append(line)
+    else:
+      WrapPreprocessorDirective(line, output)
+  elif IsMultiLineIWYUPragma(line):
+    output.append(line)
+  else:
+    WrapPlainCode(line, output)
+
+
+def BeautifyCode(string):
+  lines = string.splitlines()
+  output = []
+  for line in lines:
+    WrapLongLine(line, output)
+  output2 = [line.rstrip() for line in output]
+  return '\n'.join(output2) + '\n'
+
+
+def ConvertFromPumpSource(src_text):
+  """Return the text generated from the given Pump source text."""
+  ast = ParseToAST(StripMetaComments(src_text))
+  output = Output()
+  RunCode(Env(), ast, output)
+  return BeautifyCode(output.string)
+
+
+def main(argv):
+  if len(argv) == 1:
+    print __doc__
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+  file_path = argv[-1]
+  output_str = ConvertFromPumpSource(file(file_path, 'r').read())
+  if file_path.endswith('.pump'):
+    output_file_path = file_path[:-5]
+  else:
+    output_file_path = '-'
+  if output_file_path == '-':
+    print output_str,
+  else:
+    output_file = file(output_file_path, 'w')
+    output_file.write('// This file was GENERATED by command:\n')
+    output_file.write('//     %s %s\n' %
+                      (os.path.basename(__file__), os.path.basename(file_path)))
+    output_file.write('// DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!!\n\n')
+    output_file.write(output_str)
+    output_file.close()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  main(sys.argv)
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/release_docs.py b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/release_docs.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1291347f674a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/release_docs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright 2013 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Script for branching Google Test/Mock wiki pages for a new version.
+
+SYNOPSIS
+       release_docs.py NEW_RELEASE_VERSION
+
+       Google Test and Google Mock's external user documentation is in
+       interlinked wiki files.  When we release a new version of
+       Google Test or Google Mock, we need to branch the wiki files
+       such that users of a specific version of Google Test/Mock can
+       look up documenation relevant for that version.  This script
+       automates that process by:
+
+         - branching the current wiki pages (which document the
+           behavior of the SVN trunk head) to pages for the specified
+           version (e.g. branching FAQ.wiki to V2_6_FAQ.wiki when
+           NEW_RELEASE_VERSION is 2.6);
+         - updating the links in the branched files to point to the branched
+           version (e.g. a link in V2_6_FAQ.wiki that pointed to
+           Primer.wiki#Anchor will now point to V2_6_Primer.wiki#Anchor).
+
+       NOTE: NEW_RELEASE_VERSION must be a NEW version number for
+       which the wiki pages don't yet exist; otherwise you'll get SVN
+       errors like "svn: Path 'V1_7_PumpManual.wiki' is not a
+       directory" when running the script.
+
+EXAMPLE
+       $ cd PATH/TO/GTEST_SVN_WORKSPACE/trunk
+       $ scripts/release_docs.py 2.6  # create wiki pages for v2.6
+       $ svn status                   # verify the file list
+       $ svn diff                     # verify the file contents
+       $ svn commit -m "release wiki pages for v2.6"
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)'
+
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+
+import common
+
+
+# Wiki pages that shouldn't be branched for every gtest/gmock release.
+GTEST_UNVERSIONED_WIKIS = ['DevGuide.wiki']
+GMOCK_UNVERSIONED_WIKIS = [
+    'DesignDoc.wiki',
+    'DevGuide.wiki',
+    'KnownIssues.wiki'
+    ]
+
+
+def DropWikiSuffix(wiki_filename):
+  """Removes the .wiki suffix (if any) from the given filename."""
+
+  return (wiki_filename[:-len('.wiki')] if wiki_filename.endswith('.wiki')
+          else wiki_filename)
+
+
+class WikiBrancher(object):
+  """Branches ..."""
+
+  def __init__(self, dot_version):
+    self.project, svn_root_path = common.GetSvnInfo()
+    if self.project not in ('googletest', 'googlemock'):
+      sys.exit('This script must be run in a gtest or gmock SVN workspace.')
+    self.wiki_dir = svn_root_path + '/wiki'
+    # Turn '2.6' to 'V2_6_'.
+    self.version_prefix = 'V' + dot_version.replace('.', '_') + '_'
+    self.files_to_branch = self.GetFilesToBranch()
+    page_names = [DropWikiSuffix(f) for f in self.files_to_branch]
+    # A link to Foo.wiki is in one of the following forms:
+    #   [Foo words]
+    #   [Foo#Anchor words]
+    #   [http://code.google.com/.../wiki/Foo words]
+    #   [http://code.google.com/.../wiki/Foo#Anchor words]
+    # We want to replace 'Foo' with 'V2_6_Foo' in the above cases.
+    self.search_for_re = re.compile(
+        # This regex matches either
+        #   [Foo
+        # or
+        #   /wiki/Foo
+        # followed by a space or a #, where Foo is the name of an
+        # unversioned wiki page.
+        r'(\[|/wiki/)(%s)([ #])' % '|'.join(page_names))
+    self.replace_with = r'\1%s\2\3' % (self.version_prefix,)
+
+  def GetFilesToBranch(self):
+    """Returns a list of .wiki file names that need to be branched."""
+
+    unversioned_wikis = (GTEST_UNVERSIONED_WIKIS if self.project == 'googletest'
+                         else GMOCK_UNVERSIONED_WIKIS)
+    return [f for f in os.listdir(self.wiki_dir)
+            if (f.endswith('.wiki') and
+                not re.match(r'^V\d', f) and  # Excluded versioned .wiki files.
+                f not in unversioned_wikis)]
+
+  def BranchFiles(self):
+    """Branches the .wiki files needed to be branched."""
+
+    print 'Branching %d .wiki files:' % (len(self.files_to_branch),)
+    os.chdir(self.wiki_dir)
+    for f in self.files_to_branch:
+      command = 'svn cp %s %s%s' % (f, self.version_prefix, f)
+      print command
+      os.system(command)
+
+  def UpdateLinksInBranchedFiles(self):
+
+    for f in self.files_to_branch:
+      source_file = os.path.join(self.wiki_dir, f)
+      versioned_file = os.path.join(self.wiki_dir, self.version_prefix + f)
+      print 'Updating links in %s.' % (versioned_file,)
+      text = file(source_file, 'r').read()
+      new_text = self.search_for_re.sub(self.replace_with, text)
+      file(versioned_file, 'w').write(new_text)
+
+
+def main():
+  if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+    sys.exit(__doc__)
+
+  brancher = WikiBrancher(sys.argv[1])
+  brancher.BranchFiles()
+  brancher.UpdateLinksInBranchedFiles()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  main()
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/test/Makefile b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/test/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cdff584637b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/test/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# A Makefile for fusing Google Test and building a sample test against it.
+#
+# SYNOPSIS:
+#
+#   make [all]  - makes everything.
+#   make TARGET - makes the given target.
+#   make check  - makes everything and runs the built sample test.
+#   make clean  - removes all files generated by make.
+
+# Points to the root of fused Google Test, relative to where this file is.
+FUSED_GTEST_DIR = output
+
+# Paths to the fused gtest files.
+FUSED_GTEST_H = $(FUSED_GTEST_DIR)/gtest/gtest.h
+FUSED_GTEST_ALL_CC = $(FUSED_GTEST_DIR)/gtest/gtest-all.cc
+
+# Where to find the sample test.
+SAMPLE_DIR = ../../samples
+
+# Where to find gtest_main.cc.
+GTEST_MAIN_CC = ../../src/gtest_main.cc
+
+# Flags passed to the preprocessor.
+# We have no idea here whether pthreads is available in the system, so
+# disable its use.
+CPPFLAGS += -I$(FUSED_GTEST_DIR) -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=0
+
+# Flags passed to the C++ compiler.
+CXXFLAGS += -g
+
+all : sample1_unittest
+
+check : all
+	./sample1_unittest
+
+clean :
+	rm -rf $(FUSED_GTEST_DIR) sample1_unittest *.o
+
+$(FUSED_GTEST_H) :
+	../fuse_gtest_files.py $(FUSED_GTEST_DIR)
+
+$(FUSED_GTEST_ALL_CC) :
+	../fuse_gtest_files.py $(FUSED_GTEST_DIR)
+
+gtest-all.o : $(FUSED_GTEST_H) $(FUSED_GTEST_ALL_CC)
+	$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $(FUSED_GTEST_DIR)/gtest/gtest-all.cc
+
+gtest_main.o : $(FUSED_GTEST_H) $(GTEST_MAIN_CC)
+	$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $(GTEST_MAIN_CC)
+
+sample1.o : $(SAMPLE_DIR)/sample1.cc $(SAMPLE_DIR)/sample1.h
+	$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $(SAMPLE_DIR)/sample1.cc
+
+sample1_unittest.o : $(SAMPLE_DIR)/sample1_unittest.cc \
+                     $(SAMPLE_DIR)/sample1.h $(FUSED_GTEST_H)
+	$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $(SAMPLE_DIR)/sample1_unittest.cc
+
+sample1_unittest : sample1.o sample1_unittest.o gtest-all.o gtest_main.o
+	$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $^ -o $@
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/upload.py b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/upload.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6e6f9a14719e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/upload.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1387 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright 2007 Google Inc.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""Tool for uploading diffs from a version control system to the codereview app.
+
+Usage summary: upload.py [options] [-- diff_options]
+
+Diff options are passed to the diff command of the underlying system.
+
+Supported version control systems:
+  Git
+  Mercurial
+  Subversion
+
+It is important for Git/Mercurial users to specify a tree/node/branch to diff
+against by using the '--rev' option.
+"""
+# This code is derived from appcfg.py in the App Engine SDK (open source),
+# and from ASPN recipe #146306.
+
+import cookielib
+import getpass
+import logging
+import md5
+import mimetypes
+import optparse
+import os
+import re
+import socket
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import urllib
+import urllib2
+import urlparse
+
+try:
+  import readline
+except ImportError:
+  pass
+
+# The logging verbosity:
+#  0: Errors only.
+#  1: Status messages.
+#  2: Info logs.
+#  3: Debug logs.
+verbosity = 1
+
+# Max size of patch or base file.
+MAX_UPLOAD_SIZE = 900 * 1024
+
+
+def GetEmail(prompt):
+  """Prompts the user for their email address and returns it.
+
+  The last used email address is saved to a file and offered up as a suggestion
+  to the user. If the user presses enter without typing in anything the last
+  used email address is used. If the user enters a new address, it is saved
+  for next time we prompt.
+
+  """
+  last_email_file_name = os.path.expanduser("~/.last_codereview_email_address")
+  last_email = ""
+  if os.path.exists(last_email_file_name):
+    try:
+      last_email_file = open(last_email_file_name, "r")
+      last_email = last_email_file.readline().strip("\n")
+      last_email_file.close()
+      prompt += " [%s]" % last_email
+    except IOError, e:
+      pass
+  email = raw_input(prompt + ": ").strip()
+  if email:
+    try:
+      last_email_file = open(last_email_file_name, "w")
+      last_email_file.write(email)
+      last_email_file.close()
+    except IOError, e:
+      pass
+  else:
+    email = last_email
+  return email
+
+
+def StatusUpdate(msg):
+  """Print a status message to stdout.
+
+  If 'verbosity' is greater than 0, print the message.
+
+  Args:
+    msg: The string to print.
+  """
+  if verbosity > 0:
+    print msg
+
+
+def ErrorExit(msg):
+  """Print an error message to stderr and exit."""
+  print >>sys.stderr, msg
+  sys.exit(1)
+
+
+class ClientLoginError(urllib2.HTTPError):
+  """Raised to indicate there was an error authenticating with ClientLogin."""
+
+  def __init__(self, url, code, msg, headers, args):
+    urllib2.HTTPError.__init__(self, url, code, msg, headers, None)
+    self.args = args
+    self.reason = args["Error"]
+
+
+class AbstractRpcServer(object):
+  """Provides a common interface for a simple RPC server."""
+
+  def __init__(self, host, auth_function, host_override=None, extra_headers={},
+               save_cookies=False):
+    """Creates a new HttpRpcServer.
+
+    Args:
+      host: The host to send requests to.
+      auth_function: A function that takes no arguments and returns an
+        (email, password) tuple when called. Will be called if authentication
+        is required.
+      host_override: The host header to send to the server (defaults to host).
+      extra_headers: A dict of extra headers to append to every request.
+      save_cookies: If True, save the authentication cookies to local disk.
+        If False, use an in-memory cookiejar instead.  Subclasses must
+        implement this functionality.  Defaults to False.
+    """
+    self.host = host
+    self.host_override = host_override
+    self.auth_function = auth_function
+    self.authenticated = False
+    self.extra_headers = extra_headers
+    self.save_cookies = save_cookies
+    self.opener = self._GetOpener()
+    if self.host_override:
+      logging.info("Server: %s; Host: %s", self.host, self.host_override)
+    else:
+      logging.info("Server: %s", self.host)
+
+  def _GetOpener(self):
+    """Returns an OpenerDirector for making HTTP requests.
+
+    Returns:
+      A urllib2.OpenerDirector object.
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError()
+
+  def _CreateRequest(self, url, data=None):
+    """Creates a new urllib request."""
+    logging.debug("Creating request for: '%s' with payload:\n%s", url, data)
+    req = urllib2.Request(url, data=data)
+    if self.host_override:
+      req.add_header("Host", self.host_override)
+    for key, value in self.extra_headers.iteritems():
+      req.add_header(key, value)
+    return req
+
+  def _GetAuthToken(self, email, password):
+    """Uses ClientLogin to authenticate the user, returning an auth token.
+
+    Args:
+      email:    The user's email address
+      password: The user's password
+
+    Raises:
+      ClientLoginError: If there was an error authenticating with ClientLogin.
+      HTTPError: If there was some other form of HTTP error.
+
+    Returns:
+      The authentication token returned by ClientLogin.
+    """
+    account_type = "GOOGLE"
+    if self.host.endswith(".google.com"):
+      # Needed for use inside Google.
+      account_type = "HOSTED"
+    req = self._CreateRequest(
+        url="https://www.google.com/accounts/ClientLogin",
+        data=urllib.urlencode({
+            "Email": email,
+            "Passwd": password,
+            "service": "ah",
+            "source": "rietveld-codereview-upload",
+            "accountType": account_type,
+        }),
+    )
+    try:
+      response = self.opener.open(req)
+      response_body = response.read()
+      response_dict = dict(x.split("=")
+                           for x in response_body.split("\n") if x)
+      return response_dict["Auth"]
+    except urllib2.HTTPError, e:
+      if e.code == 403:
+        body = e.read()
+        response_dict = dict(x.split("=", 1) for x in body.split("\n") if x)
+        raise ClientLoginError(req.get_full_url(), e.code, e.msg,
+                               e.headers, response_dict)
+      else:
+        raise
+
+  def _GetAuthCookie(self, auth_token):
+    """Fetches authentication cookies for an authentication token.
+
+    Args:
+      auth_token: The authentication token returned by ClientLogin.
+
+    Raises:
+      HTTPError: If there was an error fetching the authentication cookies.
+    """
+    # This is a dummy value to allow us to identify when we're successful.
+    continue_location = "http://localhost/"
+    args = {"continue": continue_location, "auth": auth_token}
+    req = self._CreateRequest("http://%s/_ah/login?%s" %
+                              (self.host, urllib.urlencode(args)))
+    try:
+      response = self.opener.open(req)
+    except urllib2.HTTPError, e:
+      response = e
+    if (response.code != 302 or
+        response.info()["location"] != continue_location):
+      raise urllib2.HTTPError(req.get_full_url(), response.code, response.msg,
+                              response.headers, response.fp)
+    self.authenticated = True
+
+  def _Authenticate(self):
+    """Authenticates the user.
+
+    The authentication process works as follows:
+     1) We get a username and password from the user
+     2) We use ClientLogin to obtain an AUTH token for the user
+        (see http://code.google.com/apis/accounts/AuthForInstalledApps.html).
+     3) We pass the auth token to /_ah/login on the server to obtain an
+        authentication cookie. If login was successful, it tries to redirect
+        us to the URL we provided.
+
+    If we attempt to access the upload API without first obtaining an
+    authentication cookie, it returns a 401 response and directs us to
+    authenticate ourselves with ClientLogin.
+    """
+    for i in range(3):
+      credentials = self.auth_function()
+      try:
+        auth_token = self._GetAuthToken(credentials[0], credentials[1])
+      except ClientLoginError, e:
+        if e.reason == "BadAuthentication":
+          print >>sys.stderr, "Invalid username or password."
+          continue
+        if e.reason == "CaptchaRequired":
+          print >>sys.stderr, (
+              "Please go to\n"
+              "https://www.google.com/accounts/DisplayUnlockCaptcha\n"
+              "and verify you are a human.  Then try again.")
+          break
+        if e.reason == "NotVerified":
+          print >>sys.stderr, "Account not verified."
+          break
+        if e.reason == "TermsNotAgreed":
+          print >>sys.stderr, "User has not agreed to TOS."
+          break
+        if e.reason == "AccountDeleted":
+          print >>sys.stderr, "The user account has been deleted."
+          break
+        if e.reason == "AccountDisabled":
+          print >>sys.stderr, "The user account has been disabled."
+          break
+        if e.reason == "ServiceDisabled":
+          print >>sys.stderr, ("The user's access to the service has been "
+                               "disabled.")
+          break
+        if e.reason == "ServiceUnavailable":
+          print >>sys.stderr, "The service is not available; try again later."
+          break
+        raise
+      self._GetAuthCookie(auth_token)
+      return
+
+  def Send(self, request_path, payload=None,
+           content_type="application/octet-stream",
+           timeout=None,
+           **kwargs):
+    """Sends an RPC and returns the response.
+
+    Args:
+      request_path: The path to send the request to, eg /api/appversion/create.
+      payload: The body of the request, or None to send an empty request.
+      content_type: The Content-Type header to use.
+      timeout: timeout in seconds; default None i.e. no timeout.
+        (Note: for large requests on OS X, the timeout doesn't work right.)
+      kwargs: Any keyword arguments are converted into query string parameters.
+
+    Returns:
+      The response body, as a string.
+    """
+    # TODO: Don't require authentication.  Let the server say
+    # whether it is necessary.
+    if not self.authenticated:
+      self._Authenticate()
+
+    old_timeout = socket.getdefaulttimeout()
+    socket.setdefaulttimeout(timeout)
+    try:
+      tries = 0
+      while True:
+        tries += 1
+        args = dict(kwargs)
+        url = "http://%s%s" % (self.host, request_path)
+        if args:
+          url += "?" + urllib.urlencode(args)
+        req = self._CreateRequest(url=url, data=payload)
+        req.add_header("Content-Type", content_type)
+        try:
+          f = self.opener.open(req)
+          response = f.read()
+          f.close()
+          return response
+        except urllib2.HTTPError, e:
+          if tries > 3:
+            raise
+          elif e.code == 401:
+            self._Authenticate()
+##           elif e.code >= 500 and e.code < 600:
+##             # Server Error - try again.
+##             continue
+          else:
+            raise
+    finally:
+      socket.setdefaulttimeout(old_timeout)
+
+
+class HttpRpcServer(AbstractRpcServer):
+  """Provides a simplified RPC-style interface for HTTP requests."""
+
+  def _Authenticate(self):
+    """Save the cookie jar after authentication."""
+    super(HttpRpcServer, self)._Authenticate()
+    if self.save_cookies:
+      StatusUpdate("Saving authentication cookies to %s" % self.cookie_file)
+      self.cookie_jar.save()
+
+  def _GetOpener(self):
+    """Returns an OpenerDirector that supports cookies and ignores redirects.
+
+    Returns:
+      A urllib2.OpenerDirector object.
+    """
+    opener = urllib2.OpenerDirector()
+    opener.add_handler(urllib2.ProxyHandler())
+    opener.add_handler(urllib2.UnknownHandler())
+    opener.add_handler(urllib2.HTTPHandler())
+    opener.add_handler(urllib2.HTTPDefaultErrorHandler())
+    opener.add_handler(urllib2.HTTPSHandler())
+    opener.add_handler(urllib2.HTTPErrorProcessor())
+    if self.save_cookies:
+      self.cookie_file = os.path.expanduser("~/.codereview_upload_cookies")
+      self.cookie_jar = cookielib.MozillaCookieJar(self.cookie_file)
+      if os.path.exists(self.cookie_file):
+        try:
+          self.cookie_jar.load()
+          self.authenticated = True
+          StatusUpdate("Loaded authentication cookies from %s" %
+                       self.cookie_file)
+        except (cookielib.LoadError, IOError):
+          # Failed to load cookies - just ignore them.
+          pass
+      else:
+        # Create an empty cookie file with mode 600
+        fd = os.open(self.cookie_file, os.O_CREAT, 0600)
+        os.close(fd)
+      # Always chmod the cookie file
+      os.chmod(self.cookie_file, 0600)
+    else:
+      # Don't save cookies across runs of update.py.
+      self.cookie_jar = cookielib.CookieJar()
+    opener.add_handler(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(self.cookie_jar))
+    return opener
+
+
+parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage="%prog [options] [-- diff_options]")
+parser.add_option("-y", "--assume_yes", action="store_true",
+                  dest="assume_yes", default=False,
+                  help="Assume that the answer to yes/no questions is 'yes'.")
+# Logging
+group = parser.add_option_group("Logging options")
+group.add_option("-q", "--quiet", action="store_const", const=0,
+                 dest="verbose", help="Print errors only.")
+group.add_option("-v", "--verbose", action="store_const", const=2,
+                 dest="verbose", default=1,
+                 help="Print info level logs (default).")
+group.add_option("--noisy", action="store_const", const=3,
+                 dest="verbose", help="Print all logs.")
+# Review server
+group = parser.add_option_group("Review server options")
+group.add_option("-s", "--server", action="store", dest="server",
+                 default="codereview.appspot.com",
+                 metavar="SERVER",
+                 help=("The server to upload to. The format is host[:port]. "
+                       "Defaults to 'codereview.appspot.com'."))
+group.add_option("-e", "--email", action="store", dest="email",
+                 metavar="EMAIL", default=None,
+                 help="The username to use. Will prompt if omitted.")
+group.add_option("-H", "--host", action="store", dest="host",
+                 metavar="HOST", default=None,
+                 help="Overrides the Host header sent with all RPCs.")
+group.add_option("--no_cookies", action="store_false",
+                 dest="save_cookies", default=True,
+                 help="Do not save authentication cookies to local disk.")
+# Issue
+group = parser.add_option_group("Issue options")
+group.add_option("-d", "--description", action="store", dest="description",
+                 metavar="DESCRIPTION", default=None,
+                 help="Optional description when creating an issue.")
+group.add_option("-f", "--description_file", action="store",
+                 dest="description_file", metavar="DESCRIPTION_FILE",
+                 default=None,
+                 help="Optional path of a file that contains "
+                      "the description when creating an issue.")
+group.add_option("-r", "--reviewers", action="store", dest="reviewers",
+                 metavar="REVIEWERS", default=None,
+                 help="Add reviewers (comma separated email addresses).")
+group.add_option("--cc", action="store", dest="cc",
+                 metavar="CC", default=None,
+                 help="Add CC (comma separated email addresses).")
+# Upload options
+group = parser.add_option_group("Patch options")
+group.add_option("-m", "--message", action="store", dest="message",
+                 metavar="MESSAGE", default=None,
+                 help="A message to identify the patch. "
+                      "Will prompt if omitted.")
+group.add_option("-i", "--issue", type="int", action="store",
+                 metavar="ISSUE", default=None,
+                 help="Issue number to which to add. Defaults to new issue.")
+group.add_option("--download_base", action="store_true",
+                 dest="download_base", default=False,
+                 help="Base files will be downloaded by the server "
+                 "(side-by-side diffs may not work on files with CRs).")
+group.add_option("--rev", action="store", dest="revision",
+                 metavar="REV", default=None,
+                 help="Branch/tree/revision to diff against (used by DVCS).")
+group.add_option("--send_mail", action="store_true",
+                 dest="send_mail", default=False,
+                 help="Send notification email to reviewers.")
+
+
+def GetRpcServer(options):
+  """Returns an instance of an AbstractRpcServer.
+
+  Returns:
+    A new AbstractRpcServer, on which RPC calls can be made.
+  """
+
+  rpc_server_class = HttpRpcServer
+
+  def GetUserCredentials():
+    """Prompts the user for a username and password."""
+    email = options.email
+    if email is None:
+      email = GetEmail("Email (login for uploading to %s)" % options.server)
+    password = getpass.getpass("Password for %s: " % email)
+    return (email, password)
+
+  # If this is the dev_appserver, use fake authentication.
+  host = (options.host or options.server).lower()
+  if host == "localhost" or host.startswith("localhost:"):
+    email = options.email
+    if email is None:
+      email = "test@example.com"
+      logging.info("Using debug user %s.  Override with --email" % email)
+    server = rpc_server_class(
+        options.server,
+        lambda: (email, "password"),
+        host_override=options.host,
+        extra_headers={"Cookie":
+                       'dev_appserver_login="%s:False"' % email},
+        save_cookies=options.save_cookies)
+    # Don't try to talk to ClientLogin.
+    server.authenticated = True
+    return server
+
+  return rpc_server_class(options.server, GetUserCredentials,
+                          host_override=options.host,
+                          save_cookies=options.save_cookies)
+
+
+def EncodeMultipartFormData(fields, files):
+  """Encode form fields for multipart/form-data.
+
+  Args:
+    fields: A sequence of (name, value) elements for regular form fields.
+    files: A sequence of (name, filename, value) elements for data to be
+           uploaded as files.
+  Returns:
+    (content_type, body) ready for httplib.HTTP instance.
+
+  Source:
+    http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/146306
+  """
+  BOUNDARY = '-M-A-G-I-C---B-O-U-N-D-A-R-Y-'
+  CRLF = '\r\n'
+  lines = []
+  for (key, value) in fields:
+    lines.append('--' + BOUNDARY)
+    lines.append('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"' % key)
+    lines.append('')
+    lines.append(value)
+  for (key, filename, value) in files:
+    lines.append('--' + BOUNDARY)
+    lines.append('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"; filename="%s"' %
+             (key, filename))
+    lines.append('Content-Type: %s' % GetContentType(filename))
+    lines.append('')
+    lines.append(value)
+  lines.append('--' + BOUNDARY + '--')
+  lines.append('')
+  body = CRLF.join(lines)
+  content_type = 'multipart/form-data; boundary=%s' % BOUNDARY
+  return content_type, body
+
+
+def GetContentType(filename):
+  """Helper to guess the content-type from the filename."""
+  return mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0] or 'application/octet-stream'
+
+
+# Use a shell for subcommands on Windows to get a PATH search.
+use_shell = sys.platform.startswith("win")
+
+def RunShellWithReturnCode(command, print_output=False,
+                           universal_newlines=True):
+  """Executes a command and returns the output from stdout and the return code.
+
+  Args:
+    command: Command to execute.
+    print_output: If True, the output is printed to stdout.
+                  If False, both stdout and stderr are ignored.
+    universal_newlines: Use universal_newlines flag (default: True).
+
+  Returns:
+    Tuple (output, return code)
+  """
+  logging.info("Running %s", command)
+  p = subprocess.Popen(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+                       shell=use_shell, universal_newlines=universal_newlines)
+  if print_output:
+    output_array = []
+    while True:
+      line = p.stdout.readline()
+      if not line:
+        break
+      print line.strip("\n")
+      output_array.append(line)
+    output = "".join(output_array)
+  else:
+    output = p.stdout.read()
+  p.wait()
+  errout = p.stderr.read()
+  if print_output and errout:
+    print >>sys.stderr, errout
+  p.stdout.close()
+  p.stderr.close()
+  return output, p.returncode
+
+
+def RunShell(command, silent_ok=False, universal_newlines=True,
+             print_output=False):
+  data, retcode = RunShellWithReturnCode(command, print_output,
+                                         universal_newlines)
+  if retcode:
+    ErrorExit("Got error status from %s:\n%s" % (command, data))
+  if not silent_ok and not data:
+    ErrorExit("No output from %s" % command)
+  return data
+
+
+class VersionControlSystem(object):
+  """Abstract base class providing an interface to the VCS."""
+
+  def __init__(self, options):
+    """Constructor.
+
+    Args:
+      options: Command line options.
+    """
+    self.options = options
+
+  def GenerateDiff(self, args):
+    """Return the current diff as a string.
+
+    Args:
+      args: Extra arguments to pass to the diff command.
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError(
+        "abstract method -- subclass %s must override" % self.__class__)
+
+  def GetUnknownFiles(self):
+    """Return a list of files unknown to the VCS."""
+    raise NotImplementedError(
+        "abstract method -- subclass %s must override" % self.__class__)
+
+  def CheckForUnknownFiles(self):
+    """Show an "are you sure?" prompt if there are unknown files."""
+    unknown_files = self.GetUnknownFiles()
+    if unknown_files:
+      print "The following files are not added to version control:"
+      for line in unknown_files:
+        print line
+      prompt = "Are you sure to continue?(y/N) "
+      answer = raw_input(prompt).strip()
+      if answer != "y":
+        ErrorExit("User aborted")
+
+  def GetBaseFile(self, filename):
+    """Get the content of the upstream version of a file.
+
+    Returns:
+      A tuple (base_content, new_content, is_binary, status)
+        base_content: The contents of the base file.
+        new_content: For text files, this is empty.  For binary files, this is
+          the contents of the new file, since the diff output won't contain
+          information to reconstruct the current file.
+        is_binary: True iff the file is binary.
+        status: The status of the file.
+    """
+
+    raise NotImplementedError(
+        "abstract method -- subclass %s must override" % self.__class__)
+
+
+  def GetBaseFiles(self, diff):
+    """Helper that calls GetBase file for each file in the patch.
+
+    Returns:
+      A dictionary that maps from filename to GetBaseFile's tuple.  Filenames
+      are retrieved based on lines that start with "Index:" or
+      "Property changes on:".
+    """
+    files = {}
+    for line in diff.splitlines(True):
+      if line.startswith('Index:') or line.startswith('Property changes on:'):
+        unused, filename = line.split(':', 1)
+        # On Windows if a file has property changes its filename uses '\'
+        # instead of '/'.
+        filename = filename.strip().replace('\\', '/')
+        files[filename] = self.GetBaseFile(filename)
+    return files
+
+
+  def UploadBaseFiles(self, issue, rpc_server, patch_list, patchset, options,
+                      files):
+    """Uploads the base files (and if necessary, the current ones as well)."""
+
+    def UploadFile(filename, file_id, content, is_binary, status, is_base):
+      """Uploads a file to the server."""
+      file_too_large = False
+      if is_base:
+        type = "base"
+      else:
+        type = "current"
+      if len(content) > MAX_UPLOAD_SIZE:
+        print ("Not uploading the %s file for %s because it's too large." %
+               (type, filename))
+        file_too_large = True
+        content = ""
+      checksum = md5.new(content).hexdigest()
+      if options.verbose > 0 and not file_too_large:
+        print "Uploading %s file for %s" % (type, filename)
+      url = "/%d/upload_content/%d/%d" % (int(issue), int(patchset), file_id)
+      form_fields = [("filename", filename),
+                     ("status", status),
+                     ("checksum", checksum),
+                     ("is_binary", str(is_binary)),
+                     ("is_current", str(not is_base)),
+                    ]
+      if file_too_large:
+        form_fields.append(("file_too_large", "1"))
+      if options.email:
+        form_fields.append(("user", options.email))
+      ctype, body = EncodeMultipartFormData(form_fields,
+                                            [("data", filename, content)])
+      response_body = rpc_server.Send(url, body,
+                                      content_type=ctype)
+      if not response_body.startswith("OK"):
+        StatusUpdate("  --> %s" % response_body)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    patches = dict()
+    [patches.setdefault(v, k) for k, v in patch_list]
+    for filename in patches.keys():
+      base_content, new_content, is_binary, status = files[filename]
+      file_id_str = patches.get(filename)
+      if file_id_str.find("nobase") != -1:
+        base_content = None
+        file_id_str = file_id_str[file_id_str.rfind("_") + 1:]
+      file_id = int(file_id_str)
+      if base_content != None:
+        UploadFile(filename, file_id, base_content, is_binary, status, True)
+      if new_content != None:
+        UploadFile(filename, file_id, new_content, is_binary, status, False)
+
+  def IsImage(self, filename):
+    """Returns true if the filename has an image extension."""
+    mimetype =  mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0]
+    if not mimetype:
+      return False
+    return mimetype.startswith("image/")
+
+
+class SubversionVCS(VersionControlSystem):
+  """Implementation of the VersionControlSystem interface for Subversion."""
+
+  def __init__(self, options):
+    super(SubversionVCS, self).__init__(options)
+    if self.options.revision:
+      match = re.match(r"(\d+)(:(\d+))?", self.options.revision)
+      if not match:
+        ErrorExit("Invalid Subversion revision %s." % self.options.revision)
+      self.rev_start = match.group(1)
+      self.rev_end = match.group(3)
+    else:
+      self.rev_start = self.rev_end = None
+    # Cache output from "svn list -r REVNO dirname".
+    # Keys: dirname, Values: 2-tuple (ouput for start rev and end rev).
+    self.svnls_cache = {}
+    # SVN base URL is required to fetch files deleted in an older revision.
+    # Result is cached to not guess it over and over again in GetBaseFile().
+    required = self.options.download_base or self.options.revision is not None
+    self.svn_base = self._GuessBase(required)
+
+  def GuessBase(self, required):
+    """Wrapper for _GuessBase."""
+    return self.svn_base
+
+  def _GuessBase(self, required):
+    """Returns the SVN base URL.
+
+    Args:
+      required: If true, exits if the url can't be guessed, otherwise None is
+        returned.
+    """
+    info = RunShell(["svn", "info"])
+    for line in info.splitlines():
+      words = line.split()
+      if len(words) == 2 and words[0] == "URL:":
+        url = words[1]
+        scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment = urlparse.urlparse(url)
+        username, netloc = urllib.splituser(netloc)
+        if username:
+          logging.info("Removed username from base URL")
+        if netloc.endswith("svn.python.org"):
+          if netloc == "svn.python.org":
+            if path.startswith("/projects/"):
+              path = path[9:]
+          elif netloc != "pythondev@svn.python.org":
+            ErrorExit("Unrecognized Python URL: %s" % url)
+          base = "http://svn.python.org/view/*checkout*%s/" % path
+          logging.info("Guessed Python base = %s", base)
+        elif netloc.endswith("svn.collab.net"):
+          if path.startswith("/repos/"):
+            path = path[6:]
+          base = "http://svn.collab.net/viewvc/*checkout*%s/" % path
+          logging.info("Guessed CollabNet base = %s", base)
+        elif netloc.endswith(".googlecode.com"):
+          path = path + "/"
+          base = urlparse.urlunparse(("http", netloc, path, params,
+                                      query, fragment))
+          logging.info("Guessed Google Code base = %s", base)
+        else:
+          path = path + "/"
+          base = urlparse.urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path, params,
+                                      query, fragment))
+          logging.info("Guessed base = %s", base)
+        return base
+    if required:
+      ErrorExit("Can't find URL in output from svn info")
+    return None
+
+  def GenerateDiff(self, args):
+    cmd = ["svn", "diff"]
+    if self.options.revision:
+      cmd += ["-r", self.options.revision]
+    cmd.extend(args)
+    data = RunShell(cmd)
+    count = 0
+    for line in data.splitlines():
+      if line.startswith("Index:") or line.startswith("Property changes on:"):
+        count += 1
+        logging.info(line)
+    if not count:
+      ErrorExit("No valid patches found in output from svn diff")
+    return data
+
+  def _CollapseKeywords(self, content, keyword_str):
+    """Collapses SVN keywords."""
+    # svn cat translates keywords but svn diff doesn't. As a result of this
+    # behavior patching.PatchChunks() fails with a chunk mismatch error.
+    # This part was originally written by the Review Board development team
+    # who had the same problem (http://reviews.review-board.org/r/276/).
+    # Mapping of keywords to known aliases
+    svn_keywords = {
+      # Standard keywords
+      'Date':                ['Date', 'LastChangedDate'],
+      'Revision':            ['Revision', 'LastChangedRevision', 'Rev'],
+      'Author':              ['Author', 'LastChangedBy'],
+      'HeadURL':             ['HeadURL', 'URL'],
+      'Id':                  ['Id'],
+
+      # Aliases
+      'LastChangedDate':     ['LastChangedDate', 'Date'],
+      'LastChangedRevision': ['LastChangedRevision', 'Rev', 'Revision'],
+      'LastChangedBy':       ['LastChangedBy', 'Author'],
+      'URL':                 ['URL', 'HeadURL'],
+    }
+
+    def repl(m):
+       if m.group(2):
+         return "$%s::%s$" % (m.group(1), " " * len(m.group(3)))
+       return "$%s$" % m.group(1)
+    keywords = [keyword
+                for name in keyword_str.split(" ")
+                for keyword in svn_keywords.get(name, [])]
+    return re.sub(r"\$(%s):(:?)([^\$]+)\$" % '|'.join(keywords), repl, content)
+
+  def GetUnknownFiles(self):
+    status = RunShell(["svn", "status", "--ignore-externals"], silent_ok=True)
+    unknown_files = []
+    for line in status.split("\n"):
+      if line and line[0] == "?":
+        unknown_files.append(line)
+    return unknown_files
+
+  def ReadFile(self, filename):
+    """Returns the contents of a file."""
+    file = open(filename, 'rb')
+    result = ""
+    try:
+      result = file.read()
+    finally:
+      file.close()
+    return result
+
+  def GetStatus(self, filename):
+    """Returns the status of a file."""
+    if not self.options.revision:
+      status = RunShell(["svn", "status", "--ignore-externals", filename])
+      if not status:
+        ErrorExit("svn status returned no output for %s" % filename)
+      status_lines = status.splitlines()
+      # If file is in a cl, the output will begin with
+      # "\n--- Changelist 'cl_name':\n".  See
+      # http://svn.collab.net/repos/svn/trunk/notes/changelist-design.txt
+      if (len(status_lines) == 3 and
+          not status_lines[0] and
+          status_lines[1].startswith("--- Changelist")):
+        status = status_lines[2]
+      else:
+        status = status_lines[0]
+    # If we have a revision to diff against we need to run "svn list"
+    # for the old and the new revision and compare the results to get
+    # the correct status for a file.
+    else:
+      dirname, relfilename = os.path.split(filename)
+      if dirname not in self.svnls_cache:
+        cmd = ["svn", "list", "-r", self.rev_start, dirname or "."]
+        out, returncode = RunShellWithReturnCode(cmd)
+        if returncode:
+          ErrorExit("Failed to get status for %s." % filename)
+        old_files = out.splitlines()
+        args = ["svn", "list"]
+        if self.rev_end:
+          args += ["-r", self.rev_end]
+        cmd = args + [dirname or "."]
+        out, returncode = RunShellWithReturnCode(cmd)
+        if returncode:
+          ErrorExit("Failed to run command %s" % cmd)
+        self.svnls_cache[dirname] = (old_files, out.splitlines())
+      old_files, new_files = self.svnls_cache[dirname]
+      if relfilename in old_files and relfilename not in new_files:
+        status = "D   "
+      elif relfilename in old_files and relfilename in new_files:
+        status = "M   "
+      else:
+        status = "A   "
+    return status
+
+  def GetBaseFile(self, filename):
+    status = self.GetStatus(filename)
+    base_content = None
+    new_content = None
+
+    # If a file is copied its status will be "A  +", which signifies
+    # "addition-with-history".  See "svn st" for more information.  We need to
+    # upload the original file or else diff parsing will fail if the file was
+    # edited.
+    if status[0] == "A" and status[3] != "+":
+      # We'll need to upload the new content if we're adding a binary file
+      # since diff's output won't contain it.
+      mimetype = RunShell(["svn", "propget", "svn:mime-type", filename],
+                          silent_ok=True)
+      base_content = ""
+      is_binary = mimetype and not mimetype.startswith("text/")
+      if is_binary and self.IsImage(filename):
+        new_content = self.ReadFile(filename)
+    elif (status[0] in ("M", "D", "R") or
+          (status[0] == "A" and status[3] == "+") or  # Copied file.
+          (status[0] == " " and status[1] == "M")):  # Property change.
+      args = []
+      if self.options.revision:
+        url = "%s/%s@%s" % (self.svn_base, filename, self.rev_start)
+      else:
+        # Don't change filename, it's needed later.
+        url = filename
+        args += ["-r", "BASE"]
+      cmd = ["svn"] + args + ["propget", "svn:mime-type", url]
+      mimetype, returncode = RunShellWithReturnCode(cmd)
+      if returncode:
+        # File does not exist in the requested revision.
+        # Reset mimetype, it contains an error message.
+        mimetype = ""
+      get_base = False
+      is_binary = mimetype and not mimetype.startswith("text/")
+      if status[0] == " ":
+        # Empty base content just to force an upload.
+        base_content = ""
+      elif is_binary:
+        if self.IsImage(filename):
+          get_base = True
+          if status[0] == "M":
+            if not self.rev_end:
+              new_content = self.ReadFile(filename)
+            else:
+              url = "%s/%s@%s" % (self.svn_base, filename, self.rev_end)
+              new_content = RunShell(["svn", "cat", url],
+                                     universal_newlines=True, silent_ok=True)
+        else:
+          base_content = ""
+      else:
+        get_base = True
+
+      if get_base:
+        if is_binary:
+          universal_newlines = False
+        else:
+          universal_newlines = True
+        if self.rev_start:
+          # "svn cat -r REV delete_file.txt" doesn't work. cat requires
+          # the full URL with "@REV" appended instead of using "-r" option.
+          url = "%s/%s@%s" % (self.svn_base, filename, self.rev_start)
+          base_content = RunShell(["svn", "cat", url],
+                                  universal_newlines=universal_newlines,
+                                  silent_ok=True)
+        else:
+          base_content = RunShell(["svn", "cat", filename],
+                                  universal_newlines=universal_newlines,
+                                  silent_ok=True)
+        if not is_binary:
+          args = []
+          if self.rev_start:
+            url = "%s/%s@%s" % (self.svn_base, filename, self.rev_start)
+          else:
+            url = filename
+            args += ["-r", "BASE"]
+          cmd = ["svn"] + args + ["propget", "svn:keywords", url]
+          keywords, returncode = RunShellWithReturnCode(cmd)
+          if keywords and not returncode:
+            base_content = self._CollapseKeywords(base_content, keywords)
+    else:
+      StatusUpdate("svn status returned unexpected output: %s" % status)
+      sys.exit(1)
+    return base_content, new_content, is_binary, status[0:5]
+
+
+class GitVCS(VersionControlSystem):
+  """Implementation of the VersionControlSystem interface for Git."""
+
+  def __init__(self, options):
+    super(GitVCS, self).__init__(options)
+    # Map of filename -> hash of base file.
+    self.base_hashes = {}
+
+  def GenerateDiff(self, extra_args):
+    # This is more complicated than svn's GenerateDiff because we must convert
+    # the diff output to include an svn-style "Index:" line as well as record
+    # the hashes of the base files, so we can upload them along with our diff.
+    if self.options.revision:
+      extra_args = [self.options.revision] + extra_args
+    gitdiff = RunShell(["git", "diff", "--full-index"] + extra_args)
+    svndiff = []
+    filecount = 0
+    filename = None
+    for line in gitdiff.splitlines():
+      match = re.match(r"diff --git a/(.*) b/.*$", line)
+      if match:
+        filecount += 1
+        filename = match.group(1)
+        svndiff.append("Index: %s\n" % filename)
+      else:
+        # The "index" line in a git diff looks like this (long hashes elided):
+        #   index 82c0d44..b2cee3f 100755
+        # We want to save the left hash, as that identifies the base file.
+        match = re.match(r"index (\w+)\.\.", line)
+        if match:
+          self.base_hashes[filename] = match.group(1)
+      svndiff.append(line + "\n")
+    if not filecount:
+      ErrorExit("No valid patches found in output from git diff")
+    return "".join(svndiff)
+
+  def GetUnknownFiles(self):
+    status = RunShell(["git", "ls-files", "--exclude-standard", "--others"],
+                      silent_ok=True)
+    return status.splitlines()
+
+  def GetBaseFile(self, filename):
+    hash = self.base_hashes[filename]
+    base_content = None
+    new_content = None
+    is_binary = False
+    if hash == "0" * 40:  # All-zero hash indicates no base file.
+      status = "A"
+      base_content = ""
+    else:
+      status = "M"
+      base_content, returncode = RunShellWithReturnCode(["git", "show", hash])
+      if returncode:
+        ErrorExit("Got error status from 'git show %s'" % hash)
+    return (base_content, new_content, is_binary, status)
+
+
+class MercurialVCS(VersionControlSystem):
+  """Implementation of the VersionControlSystem interface for Mercurial."""
+
+  def __init__(self, options, repo_dir):
+    super(MercurialVCS, self).__init__(options)
+    # Absolute path to repository (we can be in a subdir)
+    self.repo_dir = os.path.normpath(repo_dir)
+    # Compute the subdir
+    cwd = os.path.normpath(os.getcwd())
+    assert cwd.startswith(self.repo_dir)
+    self.subdir = cwd[len(self.repo_dir):].lstrip(r"\/")
+    if self.options.revision:
+      self.base_rev = self.options.revision
+    else:
+      self.base_rev = RunShell(["hg", "parent", "-q"]).split(':')[1].strip()
+
+  def _GetRelPath(self, filename):
+    """Get relative path of a file according to the current directory,
+    given its logical path in the repo."""
+    assert filename.startswith(self.subdir), filename
+    return filename[len(self.subdir):].lstrip(r"\/")
+
+  def GenerateDiff(self, extra_args):
+    # If no file specified, restrict to the current subdir
+    extra_args = extra_args or ["."]
+    cmd = ["hg", "diff", "--git", "-r", self.base_rev] + extra_args
+    data = RunShell(cmd, silent_ok=True)
+    svndiff = []
+    filecount = 0
+    for line in data.splitlines():
+      m = re.match("diff --git a/(\S+) b/(\S+)", line)
+      if m:
+        # Modify line to make it look like as it comes from svn diff.
+        # With this modification no changes on the server side are required
+        # to make upload.py work with Mercurial repos.
+        # NOTE: for proper handling of moved/copied files, we have to use
+        # the second filename.
+        filename = m.group(2)
+        svndiff.append("Index: %s" % filename)
+        svndiff.append("=" * 67)
+        filecount += 1
+        logging.info(line)
+      else:
+        svndiff.append(line)
+    if not filecount:
+      ErrorExit("No valid patches found in output from hg diff")
+    return "\n".join(svndiff) + "\n"
+
+  def GetUnknownFiles(self):
+    """Return a list of files unknown to the VCS."""
+    args = []
+    status = RunShell(["hg", "status", "--rev", self.base_rev, "-u", "."],
+        silent_ok=True)
+    unknown_files = []
+    for line in status.splitlines():
+      st, fn = line.split(" ", 1)
+      if st == "?":
+        unknown_files.append(fn)
+    return unknown_files
+
+  def GetBaseFile(self, filename):
+    # "hg status" and "hg cat" both take a path relative to the current subdir
+    # rather than to the repo root, but "hg diff" has given us the full path
+    # to the repo root.
+    base_content = ""
+    new_content = None
+    is_binary = False
+    oldrelpath = relpath = self._GetRelPath(filename)
+    # "hg status -C" returns two lines for moved/copied files, one otherwise
+    out = RunShell(["hg", "status", "-C", "--rev", self.base_rev, relpath])
+    out = out.splitlines()
+    # HACK: strip error message about missing file/directory if it isn't in
+    # the working copy
+    if out[0].startswith('%s: ' % relpath):
+      out = out[1:]
+    if len(out) > 1:
+      # Moved/copied => considered as modified, use old filename to
+      # retrieve base contents
+      oldrelpath = out[1].strip()
+      status = "M"
+    else:
+      status, _ = out[0].split(' ', 1)
+    if status != "A":
+      base_content = RunShell(["hg", "cat", "-r", self.base_rev, oldrelpath],
+        silent_ok=True)
+      is_binary = "\0" in base_content  # Mercurial's heuristic
+    if status != "R":
+      new_content = open(relpath, "rb").read()
+      is_binary = is_binary or "\0" in new_content
+    if is_binary and base_content:
+      # Fetch again without converting newlines
+      base_content = RunShell(["hg", "cat", "-r", self.base_rev, oldrelpath],
+        silent_ok=True, universal_newlines=False)
+    if not is_binary or not self.IsImage(relpath):
+      new_content = None
+    return base_content, new_content, is_binary, status
+
+
+# NOTE: The SplitPatch function is duplicated in engine.py, keep them in sync.
+def SplitPatch(data):
+  """Splits a patch into separate pieces for each file.
+
+  Args:
+    data: A string containing the output of svn diff.
+
+  Returns:
+    A list of 2-tuple (filename, text) where text is the svn diff output
+      pertaining to filename.
+  """
+  patches = []
+  filename = None
+  diff = []
+  for line in data.splitlines(True):
+    new_filename = None
+    if line.startswith('Index:'):
+      unused, new_filename = line.split(':', 1)
+      new_filename = new_filename.strip()
+    elif line.startswith('Property changes on:'):
+      unused, temp_filename = line.split(':', 1)
+      # When a file is modified, paths use '/' between directories, however
+      # when a property is modified '\' is used on Windows.  Make them the same
+      # otherwise the file shows up twice.
+      temp_filename = temp_filename.strip().replace('\\', '/')
+      if temp_filename != filename:
+        # File has property changes but no modifications, create a new diff.
+        new_filename = temp_filename
+    if new_filename:
+      if filename and diff:
+        patches.append((filename, ''.join(diff)))
+      filename = new_filename
+      diff = [line]
+      continue
+    if diff is not None:
+      diff.append(line)
+  if filename and diff:
+    patches.append((filename, ''.join(diff)))
+  return patches
+
+
+def UploadSeparatePatches(issue, rpc_server, patchset, data, options):
+  """Uploads a separate patch for each file in the diff output.
+
+  Returns a list of [patch_key, filename] for each file.
+  """
+  patches = SplitPatch(data)
+  rv = []
+  for patch in patches:
+    if len(patch[1]) > MAX_UPLOAD_SIZE:
+      print ("Not uploading the patch for " + patch[0] +
+             " because the file is too large.")
+      continue
+    form_fields = [("filename", patch[0])]
+    if not options.download_base:
+      form_fields.append(("content_upload", "1"))
+    files = [("data", "data.diff", patch[1])]
+    ctype, body = EncodeMultipartFormData(form_fields, files)
+    url = "/%d/upload_patch/%d" % (int(issue), int(patchset))
+    print "Uploading patch for " + patch[0]
+    response_body = rpc_server.Send(url, body, content_type=ctype)
+    lines = response_body.splitlines()
+    if not lines or lines[0] != "OK":
+      StatusUpdate("  --> %s" % response_body)
+      sys.exit(1)
+    rv.append([lines[1], patch[0]])
+  return rv
+
+
+def GuessVCS(options):
+  """Helper to guess the version control system.
+
+  This examines the current directory, guesses which VersionControlSystem
+  we're using, and returns an instance of the appropriate class.  Exit with an
+  error if we can't figure it out.
+
+  Returns:
+    A VersionControlSystem instance. Exits if the VCS can't be guessed.
+  """
+  # Mercurial has a command to get the base directory of a repository
+  # Try running it, but don't die if we don't have hg installed.
+  # NOTE: we try Mercurial first as it can sit on top of an SVN working copy.
+  try:
+    out, returncode = RunShellWithReturnCode(["hg", "root"])
+    if returncode == 0:
+      return MercurialVCS(options, out.strip())
+  except OSError, (errno, message):
+    if errno != 2:  # ENOENT -- they don't have hg installed.
+      raise
+
+  # Subversion has a .svn in all working directories.
+  if os.path.isdir('.svn'):
+    logging.info("Guessed VCS = Subversion")
+    return SubversionVCS(options)
+
+  # Git has a command to test if you're in a git tree.
+  # Try running it, but don't die if we don't have git installed.
+  try:
+    out, returncode = RunShellWithReturnCode(["git", "rev-parse",
+                                              "--is-inside-work-tree"])
+    if returncode == 0:
+      return GitVCS(options)
+  except OSError, (errno, message):
+    if errno != 2:  # ENOENT -- they don't have git installed.
+      raise
+
+  ErrorExit(("Could not guess version control system. "
+             "Are you in a working copy directory?"))
+
+
+def RealMain(argv, data=None):
+  """The real main function.
+
+  Args:
+    argv: Command line arguments.
+    data: Diff contents. If None (default) the diff is generated by
+      the VersionControlSystem implementation returned by GuessVCS().
+
+  Returns:
+    A 2-tuple (issue id, patchset id).
+    The patchset id is None if the base files are not uploaded by this
+    script (applies only to SVN checkouts).
+  """
+  logging.basicConfig(format=("%(asctime).19s %(levelname)s %(filename)s:"
+                              "%(lineno)s %(message)s "))
+  os.environ['LC_ALL'] = 'C'
+  options, args = parser.parse_args(argv[1:])
+  global verbosity
+  verbosity = options.verbose
+  if verbosity >= 3:
+    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+  elif verbosity >= 2:
+    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
+  vcs = GuessVCS(options)
+  if isinstance(vcs, SubversionVCS):
+    # base field is only allowed for Subversion.
+    # Note: Fetching base files may become deprecated in future releases.
+    base = vcs.GuessBase(options.download_base)
+  else:
+    base = None
+  if not base and options.download_base:
+    options.download_base = True
+    logging.info("Enabled upload of base file")
+  if not options.assume_yes:
+    vcs.CheckForUnknownFiles()
+  if data is None:
+    data = vcs.GenerateDiff(args)
+  files = vcs.GetBaseFiles(data)
+  if verbosity >= 1:
+    print "Upload server:", options.server, "(change with -s/--server)"
+  if options.issue:
+    prompt = "Message describing this patch set: "
+  else:
+    prompt = "New issue subject: "
+  message = options.message or raw_input(prompt).strip()
+  if not message:
+    ErrorExit("A non-empty message is required")
+  rpc_server = GetRpcServer(options)
+  form_fields = [("subject", message)]
+  if base:
+    form_fields.append(("base", base))
+  if options.issue:
+    form_fields.append(("issue", str(options.issue)))
+  if options.email:
+    form_fields.append(("user", options.email))
+  if options.reviewers:
+    for reviewer in options.reviewers.split(','):
+      if "@" in reviewer and not reviewer.split("@")[1].count(".") == 1:
+        ErrorExit("Invalid email address: %s" % reviewer)
+    form_fields.append(("reviewers", options.reviewers))
+  if options.cc:
+    for cc in options.cc.split(','):
+      if "@" in cc and not cc.split("@")[1].count(".") == 1:
+        ErrorExit("Invalid email address: %s" % cc)
+    form_fields.append(("cc", options.cc))
+  description = options.description
+  if options.description_file:
+    if options.description:
+      ErrorExit("Can't specify description and description_file")
+    file = open(options.description_file, 'r')
+    description = file.read()
+    file.close()
+  if description:
+    form_fields.append(("description", description))
+  # Send a hash of all the base file so the server can determine if a copy
+  # already exists in an earlier patchset.
+  base_hashes = ""
+  for file, info in files.iteritems():
+    if not info[0] is None:
+      checksum = md5.new(info[0]).hexdigest()
+      if base_hashes:
+        base_hashes += "|"
+      base_hashes += checksum + ":" + file
+  form_fields.append(("base_hashes", base_hashes))
+  # If we're uploading base files, don't send the email before the uploads, so
+  # that it contains the file status.
+  if options.send_mail and options.download_base:
+    form_fields.append(("send_mail", "1"))
+  if not options.download_base:
+    form_fields.append(("content_upload", "1"))
+  if len(data) > MAX_UPLOAD_SIZE:
+    print "Patch is large, so uploading file patches separately."
+    uploaded_diff_file = []
+    form_fields.append(("separate_patches", "1"))
+  else:
+    uploaded_diff_file = [("data", "data.diff", data)]
+  ctype, body = EncodeMultipartFormData(form_fields, uploaded_diff_file)
+  response_body = rpc_server.Send("/upload", body, content_type=ctype)
+  patchset = None
+  if not options.download_base or not uploaded_diff_file:
+    lines = response_body.splitlines()
+    if len(lines) >= 2:
+      msg = lines[0]
+      patchset = lines[1].strip()
+      patches = [x.split(" ", 1) for x in lines[2:]]
+    else:
+      msg = response_body
+  else:
+    msg = response_body
+  StatusUpdate(msg)
+  if not response_body.startswith("Issue created.") and \
+  not response_body.startswith("Issue updated."):
+    sys.exit(0)
+  issue = msg[msg.rfind("/")+1:]
+
+  if not uploaded_diff_file:
+    result = UploadSeparatePatches(issue, rpc_server, patchset, data, options)
+    if not options.download_base:
+      patches = result
+
+  if not options.download_base:
+    vcs.UploadBaseFiles(issue, rpc_server, patches, patchset, options, files)
+    if options.send_mail:
+      rpc_server.Send("/" + issue + "/mail", payload="")
+  return issue, patchset
+
+
+def main():
+  try:
+    RealMain(sys.argv)
+  except KeyboardInterrupt:
+    print
+    StatusUpdate("Interrupted.")
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  main()
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/upload_gtest.py b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/upload_gtest.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..be19ae80911c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/scripts/upload_gtest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright 2009, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""upload_gtest.py v0.1.0 -- uploads a Google Test patch for review.
+
+This simple wrapper passes all command line flags and
+--cc=googletestframework@googlegroups.com to upload.py.
+
+USAGE: upload_gtest.py [options for upload.py]
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)'
+
+import os
+import sys
+
+CC_FLAG = '--cc='
+GTEST_GROUP = 'googletestframework@googlegroups.com'
+
+
+def main():
+  # Finds the path to upload.py, assuming it is in the same directory
+  # as this file.
+  my_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
+  upload_py_path = os.path.join(my_dir, 'upload.py')
+
+  # Adds Google Test discussion group to the cc line if it's not there
+  # already.
+  upload_py_argv = [upload_py_path]
+  found_cc_flag = False
+  for arg in sys.argv[1:]:
+    if arg.startswith(CC_FLAG):
+      found_cc_flag = True
+      cc_line = arg[len(CC_FLAG):]
+      cc_list = [addr for addr in cc_line.split(',') if addr]
+      if GTEST_GROUP not in cc_list:
+        cc_list.append(GTEST_GROUP)
+      upload_py_argv.append(CC_FLAG + ','.join(cc_list))
+    else:
+      upload_py_argv.append(arg)
+
+  if not found_cc_flag:
+    upload_py_argv.append(CC_FLAG + GTEST_GROUP)
+
+  # Invokes upload.py with the modified command line flags.
+  os.execv(upload_py_path, upload_py_argv)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  main()
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest-all.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest-all.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0a9cee522333
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest-all.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: mheule@google.com (Markus Heule)
+//
+// Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+//
+// Sometimes it's desirable to build Google Test by compiling a single file.
+// This file serves this purpose.
+
+// This line ensures that gtest.h can be compiled on its own, even
+// when it's fused.
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+// The following lines pull in the real gtest *.cc files.
+#include "src/gtest.cc"
+#include "src/gtest-death-test.cc"
+#include "src/gtest-filepath.cc"
+#include "src/gtest-port.cc"
+#include "src/gtest-printers.cc"
+#include "src/gtest-test-part.cc"
+#include "src/gtest-typed-test.cc"
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest-death-test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest-death-test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a01a36983087
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest-death-test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1342 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan), vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
+//
+// This file implements death tests.
+
+#include "gtest/gtest-death-test.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/custom/gtest.h"
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+# if GTEST_OS_MAC
+#  include <crt_externs.h>
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
+
+# include <errno.h>
+# include <fcntl.h>
+# include <limits.h>
+
+# if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+#  include <signal.h>
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
+
+# include <stdarg.h>
+
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#  include <windows.h>
+# else
+#  include <sys/mman.h>
+#  include <sys/wait.h>
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+# if GTEST_OS_QNX
+#  include <spawn.h>
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+#include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
+
+// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
+// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
+// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick exists to
+// prevent the accidental inclusion of gtest-internal-inl.h in the
+// user's code.
+#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
+#include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
+#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
+
+namespace testing {
+
+// Constants.
+
+// The default death test style.
+static const char kDefaultDeathTestStyle[] = "fast";
+
+GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
+    death_test_style,
+    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("death_test_style", kDefaultDeathTestStyle),
+    "Indicates how to run a death test in a forked child process: "
+    "\"threadsafe\" (child process re-executes the test binary "
+    "from the beginning, running only the specific death test) or "
+    "\"fast\" (child process runs the death test immediately "
+    "after forking).");
+
+GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
+    death_test_use_fork,
+    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("death_test_use_fork", false),
+    "Instructs to use fork()/_exit() instead of clone() in death tests. "
+    "Ignored and always uses fork() on POSIX systems where clone() is not "
+    "implemented. Useful when running under valgrind or similar tools if "
+    "those do not support clone(). Valgrind 3.3.1 will just fail if "
+    "it sees an unsupported combination of clone() flags. "
+    "It is not recommended to use this flag w/o valgrind though it will "
+    "work in 99% of the cases. Once valgrind is fixed, this flag will "
+    "most likely be removed.");
+
+namespace internal {
+GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
+    internal_run_death_test, "",
+    "Indicates the file, line number, temporal index of "
+    "the single death test to run, and a file descriptor to "
+    "which a success code may be sent, all separated by "
+    "the '|' characters.  This flag is specified if and only if the current "
+    "process is a sub-process launched for running a thread-safe "
+    "death test.  FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY.");
+}  // namespace internal
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// Valid only for fast death tests. Indicates the code is running in the
+// child process of a fast style death test.
+# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+static bool g_in_fast_death_test_child = false;
+# endif
+
+// Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the caller is currently
+// executing in the context of the death test child process.  Tools such as
+// Valgrind heap checkers may need this to modify their behavior in death
+// tests.  IMPORTANT: This is an internal utility.  Using it may break the
+// implementation of death tests.  User code MUST NOT use it.
+bool InDeathTestChild() {
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+  // On Windows, death tests are thread-safe regardless of the value of the
+  // death_test_style flag.
+  return !GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).empty();
+
+# else
+
+  if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe")
+    return !GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).empty();
+  else
+    return g_in_fast_death_test_child;
+#endif
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// ExitedWithCode constructor.
+ExitedWithCode::ExitedWithCode(int exit_code) : exit_code_(exit_code) {
+}
+
+// ExitedWithCode function-call operator.
+bool ExitedWithCode::operator()(int exit_status) const {
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+  return exit_status == exit_code_;
+
+# else
+
+  return WIFEXITED(exit_status) && WEXITSTATUS(exit_status) == exit_code_;
+
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+}
+
+# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+// KilledBySignal constructor.
+KilledBySignal::KilledBySignal(int signum) : signum_(signum) {
+}
+
+// KilledBySignal function-call operator.
+bool KilledBySignal::operator()(int exit_status) const {
+#  if defined(GTEST_KILLED_BY_SIGNAL_OVERRIDE_)
+  {
+    bool result;
+    if (GTEST_KILLED_BY_SIGNAL_OVERRIDE_(signum_, exit_status, &result)) {
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+#  endif  // defined(GTEST_KILLED_BY_SIGNAL_OVERRIDE_)
+  return WIFSIGNALED(exit_status) && WTERMSIG(exit_status) == signum_;
+}
+# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// Utilities needed for death tests.
+
+// Generates a textual description of a given exit code, in the format
+// specified by wait(2).
+static std::string ExitSummary(int exit_code) {
+  Message m;
+
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+  m << "Exited with exit status " << exit_code;
+
+# else
+
+  if (WIFEXITED(exit_code)) {
+    m << "Exited with exit status " << WEXITSTATUS(exit_code);
+  } else if (WIFSIGNALED(exit_code)) {
+    m << "Terminated by signal " << WTERMSIG(exit_code);
+  }
+#  ifdef WCOREDUMP
+  if (WCOREDUMP(exit_code)) {
+    m << " (core dumped)";
+  }
+#  endif
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+  return m.GetString();
+}
+
+// Returns true if exit_status describes a process that was terminated
+// by a signal, or exited normally with a nonzero exit code.
+bool ExitedUnsuccessfully(int exit_status) {
+  return !ExitedWithCode(0)(exit_status);
+}
+
+# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+// Generates a textual failure message when a death test finds more than
+// one thread running, or cannot determine the number of threads, prior
+// to executing the given statement.  It is the responsibility of the
+// caller not to pass a thread_count of 1.
+static std::string DeathTestThreadWarning(size_t thread_count) {
+  Message msg;
+  msg << "Death tests use fork(), which is unsafe particularly"
+      << " in a threaded context. For this test, " << GTEST_NAME_ << " ";
+  if (thread_count == 0)
+    msg << "couldn't detect the number of threads.";
+  else
+    msg << "detected " << thread_count << " threads.";
+  return msg.GetString();
+}
+# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+// Flag characters for reporting a death test that did not die.
+static const char kDeathTestLived = 'L';
+static const char kDeathTestReturned = 'R';
+static const char kDeathTestThrew = 'T';
+static const char kDeathTestInternalError = 'I';
+
+// An enumeration describing all of the possible ways that a death test can
+// conclude.  DIED means that the process died while executing the test
+// code; LIVED means that process lived beyond the end of the test code;
+// RETURNED means that the test statement attempted to execute a return
+// statement, which is not allowed; THREW means that the test statement
+// returned control by throwing an exception.  IN_PROGRESS means the test
+// has not yet concluded.
+// TODO(vladl@google.com): Unify names and possibly values for
+// AbortReason, DeathTestOutcome, and flag characters above.
+enum DeathTestOutcome { IN_PROGRESS, DIED, LIVED, RETURNED, THREW };
+
+// Routine for aborting the program which is safe to call from an
+// exec-style death test child process, in which case the error
+// message is propagated back to the parent process.  Otherwise, the
+// message is simply printed to stderr.  In either case, the program
+// then exits with status 1.
+void DeathTestAbort(const std::string& message) {
+  // On a POSIX system, this function may be called from a threadsafe-style
+  // death test child process, which operates on a very small stack.  Use
+  // the heap for any additional non-minuscule memory requirements.
+  const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
+      GetUnitTestImpl()->internal_run_death_test_flag();
+  if (flag != NULL) {
+    FILE* parent = posix::FDOpen(flag->write_fd(), "w");
+    fputc(kDeathTestInternalError, parent);
+    fprintf(parent, "%s", message.c_str());
+    fflush(parent);
+    _exit(1);
+  } else {
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s", message.c_str());
+    fflush(stderr);
+    posix::Abort();
+  }
+}
+
+// A replacement for CHECK that calls DeathTestAbort if the assertion
+// fails.
+# define GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(expression) \
+  do { \
+    if (!::testing::internal::IsTrue(expression)) { \
+      DeathTestAbort( \
+          ::std::string("CHECK failed: File ") + __FILE__ +  ", line " \
+          + ::testing::internal::StreamableToString(__LINE__) + ": " \
+          + #expression); \
+    } \
+  } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
+
+// This macro is similar to GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_, but it is meant for
+// evaluating any system call that fulfills two conditions: it must return
+// -1 on failure, and set errno to EINTR when it is interrupted and
+// should be tried again.  The macro expands to a loop that repeatedly
+// evaluates the expression as long as it evaluates to -1 and sets
+// errno to EINTR.  If the expression evaluates to -1 but errno is
+// something other than EINTR, DeathTestAbort is called.
+# define GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(expression) \
+  do { \
+    int gtest_retval; \
+    do { \
+      gtest_retval = (expression); \
+    } while (gtest_retval == -1 && errno == EINTR); \
+    if (gtest_retval == -1) { \
+      DeathTestAbort( \
+          ::std::string("CHECK failed: File ") + __FILE__ + ", line " \
+          + ::testing::internal::StreamableToString(__LINE__) + ": " \
+          + #expression + " != -1"); \
+    } \
+  } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
+
+// Returns the message describing the last system error in errno.
+std::string GetLastErrnoDescription() {
+    return errno == 0 ? "" : posix::StrError(errno);
+}
+
+// This is called from a death test parent process to read a failure
+// message from the death test child process and log it with the FATAL
+// severity. On Windows, the message is read from a pipe handle. On other
+// platforms, it is read from a file descriptor.
+static void FailFromInternalError(int fd) {
+  Message error;
+  char buffer[256];
+  int num_read;
+
+  do {
+    while ((num_read = posix::Read(fd, buffer, 255)) > 0) {
+      buffer[num_read] = '\0';
+      error << buffer;
+    }
+  } while (num_read == -1 && errno == EINTR);
+
+  if (num_read == 0) {
+    GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << error.GetString();
+  } else {
+    const int last_error = errno;
+    GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Error while reading death test internal: "
+                      << GetLastErrnoDescription() << " [" << last_error << "]";
+  }
+}
+
+// Death test constructor.  Increments the running death test count
+// for the current test.
+DeathTest::DeathTest() {
+  TestInfo* const info = GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_info();
+  if (info == NULL) {
+    DeathTestAbort("Cannot run a death test outside of a TEST or "
+                   "TEST_F construct");
+  }
+}
+
+// Creates and returns a death test by dispatching to the current
+// death test factory.
+bool DeathTest::Create(const char* statement, const RE* regex,
+                       const char* file, int line, DeathTest** test) {
+  return GetUnitTestImpl()->death_test_factory()->Create(
+      statement, regex, file, line, test);
+}
+
+const char* DeathTest::LastMessage() {
+  return last_death_test_message_.c_str();
+}
+
+void DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(const std::string& message) {
+  last_death_test_message_ = message;
+}
+
+std::string DeathTest::last_death_test_message_;
+
+// Provides cross platform implementation for some death functionality.
+class DeathTestImpl : public DeathTest {
+ protected:
+  DeathTestImpl(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex)
+      : statement_(a_statement),
+        regex_(a_regex),
+        spawned_(false),
+        status_(-1),
+        outcome_(IN_PROGRESS),
+        read_fd_(-1),
+        write_fd_(-1) {}
+
+  // read_fd_ is expected to be closed and cleared by a derived class.
+  ~DeathTestImpl() { GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(read_fd_ == -1); }
+
+  void Abort(AbortReason reason);
+  virtual bool Passed(bool status_ok);
+
+  const char* statement() const { return statement_; }
+  const RE* regex() const { return regex_; }
+  bool spawned() const { return spawned_; }
+  void set_spawned(bool is_spawned) { spawned_ = is_spawned; }
+  int status() const { return status_; }
+  void set_status(int a_status) { status_ = a_status; }
+  DeathTestOutcome outcome() const { return outcome_; }
+  void set_outcome(DeathTestOutcome an_outcome) { outcome_ = an_outcome; }
+  int read_fd() const { return read_fd_; }
+  void set_read_fd(int fd) { read_fd_ = fd; }
+  int write_fd() const { return write_fd_; }
+  void set_write_fd(int fd) { write_fd_ = fd; }
+
+  // Called in the parent process only. Reads the result code of the death
+  // test child process via a pipe, interprets it to set the outcome_
+  // member, and closes read_fd_.  Outputs diagnostics and terminates in
+  // case of unexpected codes.
+  void ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();
+
+ private:
+  // The textual content of the code this object is testing.  This class
+  // doesn't own this string and should not attempt to delete it.
+  const char* const statement_;
+  // The regular expression which test output must match.  DeathTestImpl
+  // doesn't own this object and should not attempt to delete it.
+  const RE* const regex_;
+  // True if the death test child process has been successfully spawned.
+  bool spawned_;
+  // The exit status of the child process.
+  int status_;
+  // How the death test concluded.
+  DeathTestOutcome outcome_;
+  // Descriptor to the read end of the pipe to the child process.  It is
+  // always -1 in the child process.  The child keeps its write end of the
+  // pipe in write_fd_.
+  int read_fd_;
+  // Descriptor to the child's write end of the pipe to the parent process.
+  // It is always -1 in the parent process.  The parent keeps its end of the
+  // pipe in read_fd_.
+  int write_fd_;
+};
+
+// Called in the parent process only. Reads the result code of the death
+// test child process via a pipe, interprets it to set the outcome_
+// member, and closes read_fd_.  Outputs diagnostics and terminates in
+// case of unexpected codes.
+void DeathTestImpl::ReadAndInterpretStatusByte() {
+  char flag;
+  int bytes_read;
+
+  // The read() here blocks until data is available (signifying the
+  // failure of the death test) or until the pipe is closed (signifying
+  // its success), so it's okay to call this in the parent before
+  // the child process has exited.
+  do {
+    bytes_read = posix::Read(read_fd(), &flag, 1);
+  } while (bytes_read == -1 && errno == EINTR);
+
+  if (bytes_read == 0) {
+    set_outcome(DIED);
+  } else if (bytes_read == 1) {
+    switch (flag) {
+      case kDeathTestReturned:
+        set_outcome(RETURNED);
+        break;
+      case kDeathTestThrew:
+        set_outcome(THREW);
+        break;
+      case kDeathTestLived:
+        set_outcome(LIVED);
+        break;
+      case kDeathTestInternalError:
+        FailFromInternalError(read_fd());  // Does not return.
+        break;
+      default:
+        GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Death test child process reported "
+                          << "unexpected status byte ("
+                          << static_cast<unsigned int>(flag) << ")";
+    }
+  } else {
+    GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Read from death test child process failed: "
+                      << GetLastErrnoDescription();
+  }
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(posix::Close(read_fd()));
+  set_read_fd(-1);
+}
+
+// Signals that the death test code which should have exited, didn't.
+// Should be called only in a death test child process.
+// Writes a status byte to the child's status file descriptor, then
+// calls _exit(1).
+void DeathTestImpl::Abort(AbortReason reason) {
+  // The parent process considers the death test to be a failure if
+  // it finds any data in our pipe.  So, here we write a single flag byte
+  // to the pipe, then exit.
+  const char status_ch =
+      reason == TEST_DID_NOT_DIE ? kDeathTestLived :
+      reason == TEST_THREW_EXCEPTION ? kDeathTestThrew : kDeathTestReturned;
+
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(posix::Write(write_fd(), &status_ch, 1));
+  // We are leaking the descriptor here because on some platforms (i.e.,
+  // when built as Windows DLL), destructors of global objects will still
+  // run after calling _exit(). On such systems, write_fd_ will be
+  // indirectly closed from the destructor of UnitTestImpl, causing double
+  // close if it is also closed here. On debug configurations, double close
+  // may assert. As there are no in-process buffers to flush here, we are
+  // relying on the OS to close the descriptor after the process terminates
+  // when the destructors are not run.
+  _exit(1);  // Exits w/o any normal exit hooks (we were supposed to crash)
+}
+
+// Returns an indented copy of stderr output for a death test.
+// This makes distinguishing death test output lines from regular log lines
+// much easier.
+static ::std::string FormatDeathTestOutput(const ::std::string& output) {
+  ::std::string ret;
+  for (size_t at = 0; ; ) {
+    const size_t line_end = output.find('\n', at);
+    ret += "[  DEATH   ] ";
+    if (line_end == ::std::string::npos) {
+      ret += output.substr(at);
+      break;
+    }
+    ret += output.substr(at, line_end + 1 - at);
+    at = line_end + 1;
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+// Assesses the success or failure of a death test, using both private
+// members which have previously been set, and one argument:
+//
+// Private data members:
+//   outcome:  An enumeration describing how the death test
+//             concluded: DIED, LIVED, THREW, or RETURNED.  The death test
+//             fails in the latter three cases.
+//   status:   The exit status of the child process. On *nix, it is in the
+//             in the format specified by wait(2). On Windows, this is the
+//             value supplied to the ExitProcess() API or a numeric code
+//             of the exception that terminated the program.
+//   regex:    A regular expression object to be applied to
+//             the test's captured standard error output; the death test
+//             fails if it does not match.
+//
+// Argument:
+//   status_ok: true if exit_status is acceptable in the context of
+//              this particular death test, which fails if it is false
+//
+// Returns true iff all of the above conditions are met.  Otherwise, the
+// first failing condition, in the order given above, is the one that is
+// reported. Also sets the last death test message string.
+bool DeathTestImpl::Passed(bool status_ok) {
+  if (!spawned())
+    return false;
+
+  const std::string error_message = GetCapturedStderr();
+
+  bool success = false;
+  Message buffer;
+
+  buffer << "Death test: " << statement() << "\n";
+  switch (outcome()) {
+    case LIVED:
+      buffer << "    Result: failed to die.\n"
+             << " Error msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
+      break;
+    case THREW:
+      buffer << "    Result: threw an exception.\n"
+             << " Error msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
+      break;
+    case RETURNED:
+      buffer << "    Result: illegal return in test statement.\n"
+             << " Error msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
+      break;
+    case DIED:
+      if (status_ok) {
+        const bool matched = RE::PartialMatch(error_message.c_str(), *regex());
+        if (matched) {
+          success = true;
+        } else {
+          buffer << "    Result: died but not with expected error.\n"
+                 << "  Expected: " << regex()->pattern() << "\n"
+                 << "Actual msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
+        }
+      } else {
+        buffer << "    Result: died but not with expected exit code:\n"
+               << "            " << ExitSummary(status()) << "\n"
+               << "Actual msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
+      }
+      break;
+    case IN_PROGRESS:
+    default:
+      GTEST_LOG_(FATAL)
+          << "DeathTest::Passed somehow called before conclusion of test";
+  }
+
+  DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(buffer.GetString());
+  return success;
+}
+
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+// WindowsDeathTest implements death tests on Windows. Due to the
+// specifics of starting new processes on Windows, death tests there are
+// always threadsafe, and Google Test considers the
+// --gtest_death_test_style=fast setting to be equivalent to
+// --gtest_death_test_style=threadsafe there.
+//
+// A few implementation notes:  Like the Linux version, the Windows
+// implementation uses pipes for child-to-parent communication. But due to
+// the specifics of pipes on Windows, some extra steps are required:
+//
+// 1. The parent creates a communication pipe and stores handles to both
+//    ends of it.
+// 2. The parent starts the child and provides it with the information
+//    necessary to acquire the handle to the write end of the pipe.
+// 3. The child acquires the write end of the pipe and signals the parent
+//    using a Windows event.
+// 4. Now the parent can release the write end of the pipe on its side. If
+//    this is done before step 3, the object's reference count goes down to
+//    0 and it is destroyed, preventing the child from acquiring it. The
+//    parent now has to release it, or read operations on the read end of
+//    the pipe will not return when the child terminates.
+// 5. The parent reads child's output through the pipe (outcome code and
+//    any possible error messages) from the pipe, and its stderr and then
+//    determines whether to fail the test.
+//
+// Note: to distinguish Win32 API calls from the local method and function
+// calls, the former are explicitly resolved in the global namespace.
+//
+class WindowsDeathTest : public DeathTestImpl {
+ public:
+  WindowsDeathTest(const char* a_statement,
+                   const RE* a_regex,
+                   const char* file,
+                   int line)
+      : DeathTestImpl(a_statement, a_regex), file_(file), line_(line) {}
+
+  // All of these virtual functions are inherited from DeathTest.
+  virtual int Wait();
+  virtual TestRole AssumeRole();
+
+ private:
+  // The name of the file in which the death test is located.
+  const char* const file_;
+  // The line number on which the death test is located.
+  const int line_;
+  // Handle to the write end of the pipe to the child process.
+  AutoHandle write_handle_;
+  // Child process handle.
+  AutoHandle child_handle_;
+  // Event the child process uses to signal the parent that it has
+  // acquired the handle to the write end of the pipe. After seeing this
+  // event the parent can release its own handles to make sure its
+  // ReadFile() calls return when the child terminates.
+  AutoHandle event_handle_;
+};
+
+// Waits for the child in a death test to exit, returning its exit
+// status, or 0 if no child process exists.  As a side effect, sets the
+// outcome data member.
+int WindowsDeathTest::Wait() {
+  if (!spawned())
+    return 0;
+
+  // Wait until the child either signals that it has acquired the write end
+  // of the pipe or it dies.
+  const HANDLE wait_handles[2] = { child_handle_.Get(), event_handle_.Get() };
+  switch (::WaitForMultipleObjects(2,
+                                   wait_handles,
+                                   FALSE,  // Waits for any of the handles.
+                                   INFINITE)) {
+    case WAIT_OBJECT_0:
+    case WAIT_OBJECT_0 + 1:
+      break;
+    default:
+      GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(false);  // Should not get here.
+  }
+
+  // The child has acquired the write end of the pipe or exited.
+  // We release the handle on our side and continue.
+  write_handle_.Reset();
+  event_handle_.Reset();
+
+  ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();
+
+  // Waits for the child process to exit if it haven't already. This
+  // returns immediately if the child has already exited, regardless of
+  // whether previous calls to WaitForMultipleObjects synchronized on this
+  // handle or not.
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
+      WAIT_OBJECT_0 == ::WaitForSingleObject(child_handle_.Get(),
+                                             INFINITE));
+  DWORD status_code;
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
+      ::GetExitCodeProcess(child_handle_.Get(), &status_code) != FALSE);
+  child_handle_.Reset();
+  set_status(static_cast<int>(status_code));
+  return status();
+}
+
+// The AssumeRole process for a Windows death test.  It creates a child
+// process with the same executable as the current process to run the
+// death test.  The child process is given the --gtest_filter and
+// --gtest_internal_run_death_test flags such that it knows to run the
+// current death test only.
+DeathTest::TestRole WindowsDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
+  const UnitTestImpl* const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
+  const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
+      impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
+  const TestInfo* const info = impl->current_test_info();
+  const int death_test_index = info->result()->death_test_count();
+
+  if (flag != NULL) {
+    // ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() has performed all the necessary
+    // processing.
+    set_write_fd(flag->write_fd());
+    return EXECUTE_TEST;
+  }
+
+  // WindowsDeathTest uses an anonymous pipe to communicate results of
+  // a death test.
+  SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES handles_are_inheritable = {
+    sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES), NULL, TRUE };
+  HANDLE read_handle, write_handle;
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
+      ::CreatePipe(&read_handle, &write_handle, &handles_are_inheritable,
+                   0)  // Default buffer size.
+      != FALSE);
+  set_read_fd(::_open_osfhandle(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(read_handle),
+                                O_RDONLY));
+  write_handle_.Reset(write_handle);
+  event_handle_.Reset(::CreateEvent(
+      &handles_are_inheritable,
+      TRUE,    // The event will automatically reset to non-signaled state.
+      FALSE,   // The initial state is non-signalled.
+      NULL));  // The even is unnamed.
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(event_handle_.Get() != NULL);
+  const std::string filter_flag =
+      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kFilterFlag + "=" +
+      info->test_case_name() + "." + info->name();
+  const std::string internal_flag =
+      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kInternalRunDeathTestFlag +
+      "=" + file_ + "|" + StreamableToString(line_) + "|" +
+      StreamableToString(death_test_index) + "|" +
+      StreamableToString(static_cast<unsigned int>(::GetCurrentProcessId())) +
+      // size_t has the same width as pointers on both 32-bit and 64-bit
+      // Windows platforms.
+      // See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/tcxf1dw6.aspx.
+      "|" + StreamableToString(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(write_handle)) +
+      "|" + StreamableToString(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(event_handle_.Get()));
+
+  char executable_path[_MAX_PATH + 1];  // NOLINT
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
+      _MAX_PATH + 1 != ::GetModuleFileNameA(NULL,
+                                            executable_path,
+                                            _MAX_PATH));
+
+  std::string command_line =
+      std::string(::GetCommandLineA()) + " " + filter_flag + " \"" +
+      internal_flag + "\"";
+
+  DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");
+
+  CaptureStderr();
+  // Flush the log buffers since the log streams are shared with the child.
+  FlushInfoLog();
+
+  // The child process will share the standard handles with the parent.
+  STARTUPINFOA startup_info;
+  memset(&startup_info, 0, sizeof(STARTUPINFO));
+  startup_info.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
+  startup_info.hStdInput = ::GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
+  startup_info.hStdOutput = ::GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
+  startup_info.hStdError = ::GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE);
+
+  PROCESS_INFORMATION process_info;
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(::CreateProcessA(
+      executable_path,
+      const_cast<char*>(command_line.c_str()),
+      NULL,   // Retuned process handle is not inheritable.
+      NULL,   // Retuned thread handle is not inheritable.
+      TRUE,   // Child inherits all inheritable handles (for write_handle_).
+      0x0,    // Default creation flags.
+      NULL,   // Inherit the parent's environment.
+      UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir(),
+      &startup_info,
+      &process_info) != FALSE);
+  child_handle_.Reset(process_info.hProcess);
+  ::CloseHandle(process_info.hThread);
+  set_spawned(true);
+  return OVERSEE_TEST;
+}
+# else  // We are not on Windows.
+
+// ForkingDeathTest provides implementations for most of the abstract
+// methods of the DeathTest interface.  Only the AssumeRole method is
+// left undefined.
+class ForkingDeathTest : public DeathTestImpl {
+ public:
+  ForkingDeathTest(const char* statement, const RE* regex);
+
+  // All of these virtual functions are inherited from DeathTest.
+  virtual int Wait();
+
+ protected:
+  void set_child_pid(pid_t child_pid) { child_pid_ = child_pid; }
+
+ private:
+  // PID of child process during death test; 0 in the child process itself.
+  pid_t child_pid_;
+};
+
+// Constructs a ForkingDeathTest.
+ForkingDeathTest::ForkingDeathTest(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex)
+    : DeathTestImpl(a_statement, a_regex),
+      child_pid_(-1) {}
+
+// Waits for the child in a death test to exit, returning its exit
+// status, or 0 if no child process exists.  As a side effect, sets the
+// outcome data member.
+int ForkingDeathTest::Wait() {
+  if (!spawned())
+    return 0;
+
+  ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();
+
+  int status_value;
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(waitpid(child_pid_, &status_value, 0));
+  set_status(status_value);
+  return status_value;
+}
+
+// A concrete death test class that forks, then immediately runs the test
+// in the child process.
+class NoExecDeathTest : public ForkingDeathTest {
+ public:
+  NoExecDeathTest(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex) :
+      ForkingDeathTest(a_statement, a_regex) { }
+  virtual TestRole AssumeRole();
+};
+
+// The AssumeRole process for a fork-and-run death test.  It implements a
+// straightforward fork, with a simple pipe to transmit the status byte.
+DeathTest::TestRole NoExecDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
+  const size_t thread_count = GetThreadCount();
+  if (thread_count != 1) {
+    GTEST_LOG_(WARNING) << DeathTestThreadWarning(thread_count);
+  }
+
+  int pipe_fd[2];
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(pipe(pipe_fd) != -1);
+
+  DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");
+  CaptureStderr();
+  // When we fork the process below, the log file buffers are copied, but the
+  // file descriptors are shared.  We flush all log files here so that closing
+  // the file descriptors in the child process doesn't throw off the
+  // synchronization between descriptors and buffers in the parent process.
+  // This is as close to the fork as possible to avoid a race condition in case
+  // there are multiple threads running before the death test, and another
+  // thread writes to the log file.
+  FlushInfoLog();
+
+  const pid_t child_pid = fork();
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(child_pid != -1);
+  set_child_pid(child_pid);
+  if (child_pid == 0) {
+    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[0]));
+    set_write_fd(pipe_fd[1]);
+    // Redirects all logging to stderr in the child process to prevent
+    // concurrent writes to the log files.  We capture stderr in the parent
+    // process and append the child process' output to a log.
+    LogToStderr();
+    // Event forwarding to the listeners of event listener API mush be shut
+    // down in death test subprocesses.
+    GetUnitTestImpl()->listeners()->SuppressEventForwarding();
+    g_in_fast_death_test_child = true;
+    return EXECUTE_TEST;
+  } else {
+    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[1]));
+    set_read_fd(pipe_fd[0]);
+    set_spawned(true);
+    return OVERSEE_TEST;
+  }
+}
+
+// A concrete death test class that forks and re-executes the main
+// program from the beginning, with command-line flags set that cause
+// only this specific death test to be run.
+class ExecDeathTest : public ForkingDeathTest {
+ public:
+  ExecDeathTest(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex,
+                const char* file, int line) :
+      ForkingDeathTest(a_statement, a_regex), file_(file), line_(line) { }
+  virtual TestRole AssumeRole();
+ private:
+  static ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>
+  GetArgvsForDeathTestChildProcess() {
+    ::std::vector<testing::internal::string> args = GetInjectableArgvs();
+#  if defined(GTEST_EXTRA_DEATH_TEST_COMMAND_LINE_ARGS_)
+    ::std::vector<testing::internal::string> extra_args =
+        GTEST_EXTRA_DEATH_TEST_COMMAND_LINE_ARGS_();
+    args.insert(args.end(), extra_args.begin(), extra_args.end());
+#  endif  // defined(GTEST_EXTRA_DEATH_TEST_COMMAND_LINE_ARGS_)
+    return args;
+  }
+  // The name of the file in which the death test is located.
+  const char* const file_;
+  // The line number on which the death test is located.
+  const int line_;
+};
+
+// Utility class for accumulating command-line arguments.
+class Arguments {
+ public:
+  Arguments() {
+    args_.push_back(NULL);
+  }
+
+  ~Arguments() {
+    for (std::vector<char*>::iterator i = args_.begin(); i != args_.end();
+         ++i) {
+      free(*i);
+    }
+  }
+  void AddArgument(const char* argument) {
+    args_.insert(args_.end() - 1, posix::StrDup(argument));
+  }
+
+  template <typename Str>
+  void AddArguments(const ::std::vector<Str>& arguments) {
+    for (typename ::std::vector<Str>::const_iterator i = arguments.begin();
+         i != arguments.end();
+         ++i) {
+      args_.insert(args_.end() - 1, posix::StrDup(i->c_str()));
+    }
+  }
+  char* const* Argv() {
+    return &args_[0];
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::vector<char*> args_;
+};
+
+// A struct that encompasses the arguments to the child process of a
+// threadsafe-style death test process.
+struct ExecDeathTestArgs {
+  char* const* argv;  // Command-line arguments for the child's call to exec
+  int close_fd;       // File descriptor to close; the read end of a pipe
+};
+
+#  if GTEST_OS_MAC
+inline char** GetEnviron() {
+  // When Google Test is built as a framework on MacOS X, the environ variable
+  // is unavailable. Apple's documentation (man environ) recommends using
+  // _NSGetEnviron() instead.
+  return *_NSGetEnviron();
+}
+#  else
+// Some POSIX platforms expect you to declare environ. extern "C" makes
+// it reside in the global namespace.
+extern "C" char** environ;
+inline char** GetEnviron() { return environ; }
+#  endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
+
+#  if !GTEST_OS_QNX
+// The main function for a threadsafe-style death test child process.
+// This function is called in a clone()-ed process and thus must avoid
+// any potentially unsafe operations like malloc or libc functions.
+static int ExecDeathTestChildMain(void* child_arg) {
+  ExecDeathTestArgs* const args = static_cast<ExecDeathTestArgs*>(child_arg);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(args->close_fd));
+
+  // We need to execute the test program in the same environment where
+  // it was originally invoked.  Therefore we change to the original
+  // working directory first.
+  const char* const original_dir =
+      UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir();
+  // We can safely call chdir() as it's a direct system call.
+  if (chdir(original_dir) != 0) {
+    DeathTestAbort(std::string("chdir(\"") + original_dir + "\") failed: " +
+                   GetLastErrnoDescription());
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  // We can safely call execve() as it's a direct system call.  We
+  // cannot use execvp() as it's a libc function and thus potentially
+  // unsafe.  Since execve() doesn't search the PATH, the user must
+  // invoke the test program via a valid path that contains at least
+  // one path separator.
+  execve(args->argv[0], args->argv, GetEnviron());
+  DeathTestAbort(std::string("execve(") + args->argv[0] + ", ...) in " +
+                 original_dir + " failed: " +
+                 GetLastErrnoDescription());
+  return EXIT_FAILURE;
+}
+#  endif  // !GTEST_OS_QNX
+
+// Two utility routines that together determine the direction the stack
+// grows.
+// This could be accomplished more elegantly by a single recursive
+// function, but we want to guard against the unlikely possibility of
+// a smart compiler optimizing the recursion away.
+//
+// GTEST_NO_INLINE_ is required to prevent GCC 4.6 from inlining
+// StackLowerThanAddress into StackGrowsDown, which then doesn't give
+// correct answer.
+void StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr, bool* result) GTEST_NO_INLINE_;
+void StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr, bool* result) {
+  int dummy;
+  *result = (&dummy < ptr);
+}
+
+// Make sure AddressSanitizer does not tamper with the stack here.
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
+bool StackGrowsDown() {
+  int dummy;
+  bool result;
+  StackLowerThanAddress(&dummy, &result);
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Spawns a child process with the same executable as the current process in
+// a thread-safe manner and instructs it to run the death test.  The
+// implementation uses fork(2) + exec.  On systems where clone(2) is
+// available, it is used instead, being slightly more thread-safe.  On QNX,
+// fork supports only single-threaded environments, so this function uses
+// spawn(2) there instead.  The function dies with an error message if
+// anything goes wrong.
+static pid_t ExecDeathTestSpawnChild(char* const* argv, int close_fd) {
+  ExecDeathTestArgs args = { argv, close_fd };
+  pid_t child_pid = -1;
+
+#  if GTEST_OS_QNX
+  // Obtains the current directory and sets it to be closed in the child
+  // process.
+  const int cwd_fd = open(".", O_RDONLY);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(cwd_fd != -1);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fcntl(cwd_fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC));
+  // We need to execute the test program in the same environment where
+  // it was originally invoked.  Therefore we change to the original
+  // working directory first.
+  const char* const original_dir =
+      UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir();
+  // We can safely call chdir() as it's a direct system call.
+  if (chdir(original_dir) != 0) {
+    DeathTestAbort(std::string("chdir(\"") + original_dir + "\") failed: " +
+                   GetLastErrnoDescription());
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  int fd_flags;
+  // Set close_fd to be closed after spawn.
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fd_flags = fcntl(close_fd, F_GETFD));
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fcntl(close_fd, F_SETFD,
+                                        fd_flags | FD_CLOEXEC));
+  struct inheritance inherit = {0};
+  // spawn is a system call.
+  child_pid = spawn(args.argv[0], 0, NULL, &inherit, args.argv, GetEnviron());
+  // Restores the current working directory.
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(fchdir(cwd_fd) != -1);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(cwd_fd));
+
+#  else   // GTEST_OS_QNX
+#   if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+  // When a SIGPROF signal is received while fork() or clone() are executing,
+  // the process may hang. To avoid this, we ignore SIGPROF here and re-enable
+  // it after the call to fork()/clone() is complete.
+  struct sigaction saved_sigprof_action;
+  struct sigaction ignore_sigprof_action;
+  memset(&ignore_sigprof_action, 0, sizeof(ignore_sigprof_action));
+  sigemptyset(&ignore_sigprof_action.sa_mask);
+  ignore_sigprof_action.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(sigaction(
+      SIGPROF, &ignore_sigprof_action, &saved_sigprof_action));
+#   endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
+
+#   if GTEST_HAS_CLONE
+  const bool use_fork = GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork);
+
+  if (!use_fork) {
+    static const bool stack_grows_down = StackGrowsDown();
+    const size_t stack_size = getpagesize();
+    // MMAP_ANONYMOUS is not defined on Mac, so we use MAP_ANON instead.
+    void* const stack = mmap(NULL, stack_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+                             MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
+    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(stack != MAP_FAILED);
+
+    // Maximum stack alignment in bytes:  For a downward-growing stack, this
+    // amount is subtracted from size of the stack space to get an address
+    // that is within the stack space and is aligned on all systems we care
+    // about.  As far as I know there is no ABI with stack alignment greater
+    // than 64.  We assume stack and stack_size already have alignment of
+    // kMaxStackAlignment.
+    const size_t kMaxStackAlignment = 64;
+    void* const stack_top =
+        static_cast<char*>(stack) +
+            (stack_grows_down ? stack_size - kMaxStackAlignment : 0);
+    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(stack_size > kMaxStackAlignment &&
+        reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(stack_top) % kMaxStackAlignment == 0);
+
+    child_pid = clone(&ExecDeathTestChildMain, stack_top, SIGCHLD, &args);
+
+    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(munmap(stack, stack_size) != -1);
+  }
+#   else
+  const bool use_fork = true;
+#   endif  // GTEST_HAS_CLONE
+
+  if (use_fork && (child_pid = fork()) == 0) {
+      ExecDeathTestChildMain(&args);
+      _exit(0);
+  }
+#  endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
+#  if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(
+      sigaction(SIGPROF, &saved_sigprof_action, NULL));
+#  endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
+
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(child_pid != -1);
+  return child_pid;
+}
+
+// The AssumeRole process for a fork-and-exec death test.  It re-executes the
+// main program from the beginning, setting the --gtest_filter
+// and --gtest_internal_run_death_test flags to cause only the current
+// death test to be re-run.
+DeathTest::TestRole ExecDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
+  const UnitTestImpl* const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
+  const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
+      impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
+  const TestInfo* const info = impl->current_test_info();
+  const int death_test_index = info->result()->death_test_count();
+
+  if (flag != NULL) {
+    set_write_fd(flag->write_fd());
+    return EXECUTE_TEST;
+  }
+
+  int pipe_fd[2];
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(pipe(pipe_fd) != -1);
+  // Clear the close-on-exec flag on the write end of the pipe, lest
+  // it be closed when the child process does an exec:
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(fcntl(pipe_fd[1], F_SETFD, 0) != -1);
+
+  const std::string filter_flag =
+      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kFilterFlag + "="
+      + info->test_case_name() + "." + info->name();
+  const std::string internal_flag =
+      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kInternalRunDeathTestFlag + "="
+      + file_ + "|" + StreamableToString(line_) + "|"
+      + StreamableToString(death_test_index) + "|"
+      + StreamableToString(pipe_fd[1]);
+  Arguments args;
+  args.AddArguments(GetArgvsForDeathTestChildProcess());
+  args.AddArgument(filter_flag.c_str());
+  args.AddArgument(internal_flag.c_str());
+
+  DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");
+
+  CaptureStderr();
+  // See the comment in NoExecDeathTest::AssumeRole for why the next line
+  // is necessary.
+  FlushInfoLog();
+
+  const pid_t child_pid = ExecDeathTestSpawnChild(args.Argv(), pipe_fd[0]);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[1]));
+  set_child_pid(child_pid);
+  set_read_fd(pipe_fd[0]);
+  set_spawned(true);
+  return OVERSEE_TEST;
+}
+
+# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+// Creates a concrete DeathTest-derived class that depends on the
+// --gtest_death_test_style flag, and sets the pointer pointed to
+// by the "test" argument to its address.  If the test should be
+// skipped, sets that pointer to NULL.  Returns true, unless the
+// flag is set to an invalid value.
+bool DefaultDeathTestFactory::Create(const char* statement, const RE* regex,
+                                     const char* file, int line,
+                                     DeathTest** test) {
+  UnitTestImpl* const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
+  const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
+      impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
+  const int death_test_index = impl->current_test_info()
+      ->increment_death_test_count();
+
+  if (flag != NULL) {
+    if (death_test_index > flag->index()) {
+      DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(
+          "Death test count (" + StreamableToString(death_test_index)
+          + ") somehow exceeded expected maximum ("
+          + StreamableToString(flag->index()) + ")");
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!(flag->file() == file && flag->line() == line &&
+          flag->index() == death_test_index)) {
+      *test = NULL;
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+  if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe" ||
+      GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "fast") {
+    *test = new WindowsDeathTest(statement, regex, file, line);
+  }
+
+# else
+
+  if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe") {
+    *test = new ExecDeathTest(statement, regex, file, line);
+  } else if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "fast") {
+    *test = new NoExecDeathTest(statement, regex);
+  }
+
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+  else {  // NOLINT - this is more readable than unbalanced brackets inside #if.
+    DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(
+        "Unknown death test style \"" + GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style)
+        + "\" encountered");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+// Recreates the pipe and event handles from the provided parameters,
+// signals the event, and returns a file descriptor wrapped around the pipe
+// handle. This function is called in the child process only.
+int GetStatusFileDescriptor(unsigned int parent_process_id,
+                            size_t write_handle_as_size_t,
+                            size_t event_handle_as_size_t) {
+  AutoHandle parent_process_handle(::OpenProcess(PROCESS_DUP_HANDLE,
+                                                   FALSE,  // Non-inheritable.
+                                                   parent_process_id));
+  if (parent_process_handle.Get() == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+    DeathTestAbort("Unable to open parent process " +
+                   StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
+  }
+
+  // TODO(vladl@google.com): Replace the following check with a
+  // compile-time assertion when available.
+  GTEST_CHECK_(sizeof(HANDLE) <= sizeof(size_t));
+
+  const HANDLE write_handle =
+      reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(write_handle_as_size_t);
+  HANDLE dup_write_handle;
+
+  // The newly initialized handle is accessible only in in the parent
+  // process. To obtain one accessible within the child, we need to use
+  // DuplicateHandle.
+  if (!::DuplicateHandle(parent_process_handle.Get(), write_handle,
+                         ::GetCurrentProcess(), &dup_write_handle,
+                         0x0,    // Requested privileges ignored since
+                                 // DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS is used.
+                         FALSE,  // Request non-inheritable handler.
+                         DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS)) {
+    DeathTestAbort("Unable to duplicate the pipe handle " +
+                   StreamableToString(write_handle_as_size_t) +
+                   " from the parent process " +
+                   StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
+  }
+
+  const HANDLE event_handle = reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(event_handle_as_size_t);
+  HANDLE dup_event_handle;
+
+  if (!::DuplicateHandle(parent_process_handle.Get(), event_handle,
+                         ::GetCurrentProcess(), &dup_event_handle,
+                         0x0,
+                         FALSE,
+                         DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS)) {
+    DeathTestAbort("Unable to duplicate the event handle " +
+                   StreamableToString(event_handle_as_size_t) +
+                   " from the parent process " +
+                   StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
+  }
+
+  const int write_fd =
+      ::_open_osfhandle(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(dup_write_handle), O_APPEND);
+  if (write_fd == -1) {
+    DeathTestAbort("Unable to convert pipe handle " +
+                   StreamableToString(write_handle_as_size_t) +
+                   " to a file descriptor");
+  }
+
+  // Signals the parent that the write end of the pipe has been acquired
+  // so the parent can release its own write end.
+  ::SetEvent(dup_event_handle);
+
+  return write_fd;
+}
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+// Returns a newly created InternalRunDeathTestFlag object with fields
+// initialized from the GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test) flag if
+// the flag is specified; otherwise returns NULL.
+InternalRunDeathTestFlag* ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() {
+  if (GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test) == "") return NULL;
+
+  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies that we have ::std::string, so we
+  // can use it here.
+  int line = -1;
+  int index = -1;
+  ::std::vector< ::std::string> fields;
+  SplitString(GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).c_str(), '|', &fields);
+  int write_fd = -1;
+
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+  unsigned int parent_process_id = 0;
+  size_t write_handle_as_size_t = 0;
+  size_t event_handle_as_size_t = 0;
+
+  if (fields.size() != 6
+      || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[1], &line)
+      || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[2], &index)
+      || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[3], &parent_process_id)
+      || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[4], &write_handle_as_size_t)
+      || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[5], &event_handle_as_size_t)) {
+    DeathTestAbort("Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: " +
+                   GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test));
+  }
+  write_fd = GetStatusFileDescriptor(parent_process_id,
+                                     write_handle_as_size_t,
+                                     event_handle_as_size_t);
+# else
+
+  if (fields.size() != 4
+      || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[1], &line)
+      || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[2], &index)
+      || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[3], &write_fd)) {
+    DeathTestAbort("Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: "
+        + GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test));
+  }
+
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+  return new InternalRunDeathTestFlag(fields[0], line, index, write_fd);
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+}  // namespace testing
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest-filepath.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest-filepath.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0292dc11957e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest-filepath.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Authors: keith.ray@gmail.com (Keith Ray)
+
+#include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+# include <windows.h>
+#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# include <direct.h>
+# include <io.h>
+#elif GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+// Symbian OpenC has PATH_MAX in sys/syslimits.h
+# include <sys/syslimits.h>
+#else
+# include <limits.h>
+# include <climits>  // Some Linux distributions define PATH_MAX here.
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# define GTEST_PATH_MAX_ _MAX_PATH
+#elif defined(PATH_MAX)
+# define GTEST_PATH_MAX_ PATH_MAX
+#elif defined(_XOPEN_PATH_MAX)
+# define GTEST_PATH_MAX_ _XOPEN_PATH_MAX
+#else
+# define GTEST_PATH_MAX_ _POSIX_PATH_MAX
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
+
+namespace testing {
+namespace internal {
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+// On Windows, '\\' is the standard path separator, but many tools and the
+// Windows API also accept '/' as an alternate path separator. Unless otherwise
+// noted, a file path can contain either kind of path separators, or a mixture
+// of them.
+const char kPathSeparator = '\\';
+const char kAlternatePathSeparator = '/';
+const char kAlternatePathSeparatorString[] = "/";
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+// Windows CE doesn't have a current directory. You should not use
+// the current directory in tests on Windows CE, but this at least
+// provides a reasonable fallback.
+const char kCurrentDirectoryString[] = "\\";
+// Windows CE doesn't define INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES
+const DWORD kInvalidFileAttributes = 0xffffffff;
+# else
+const char kCurrentDirectoryString[] = ".\\";
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#else
+const char kPathSeparator = '/';
+const char kCurrentDirectoryString[] = "./";
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+// Returns whether the given character is a valid path separator.
+static bool IsPathSeparator(char c) {
+#if GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_
+  return (c == kPathSeparator) || (c == kAlternatePathSeparator);
+#else
+  return c == kPathSeparator;
+#endif
+}
+
+// Returns the current working directory, or "" if unsuccessful.
+FilePath FilePath::GetCurrentDir() {
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+  // Windows CE doesn't have a current directory, so we just return
+  // something reasonable.
+  return FilePath(kCurrentDirectoryString);
+#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  char cwd[GTEST_PATH_MAX_ + 1] = { '\0' };
+  return FilePath(_getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)) == NULL ? "" : cwd);
+#else
+  char cwd[GTEST_PATH_MAX_ + 1] = { '\0' };
+  char* result = getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd));
+# if GTEST_OS_NACL
+  // getcwd will likely fail in NaCl due to the sandbox, so return something
+  // reasonable. The user may have provided a shim implementation for getcwd,
+  // however, so fallback only when failure is detected.
+  return FilePath(result == NULL ? kCurrentDirectoryString : cwd);
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_NACL
+  return FilePath(result == NULL ? "" : cwd);
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+}
+
+// Returns a copy of the FilePath with the case-insensitive extension removed.
+// Example: FilePath("dir/file.exe").RemoveExtension("EXE") returns
+// FilePath("dir/file"). If a case-insensitive extension is not
+// found, returns a copy of the original FilePath.
+FilePath FilePath::RemoveExtension(const char* extension) const {
+  const std::string dot_extension = std::string(".") + extension;
+  if (String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive(pathname_, dot_extension)) {
+    return FilePath(pathname_.substr(
+        0, pathname_.length() - dot_extension.length()));
+  }
+  return *this;
+}
+
+// Returns a pointer to the last occurence of a valid path separator in
+// the FilePath. On Windows, for example, both '/' and '\' are valid path
+// separators. Returns NULL if no path separator was found.
+const char* FilePath::FindLastPathSeparator() const {
+  const char* const last_sep = strrchr(c_str(), kPathSeparator);
+#if GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_
+  const char* const last_alt_sep = strrchr(c_str(), kAlternatePathSeparator);
+  // Comparing two pointers of which only one is NULL is undefined.
+  if (last_alt_sep != NULL &&
+      (last_sep == NULL || last_alt_sep > last_sep)) {
+    return last_alt_sep;
+  }
+#endif
+  return last_sep;
+}
+
+// Returns a copy of the FilePath with the directory part removed.
+// Example: FilePath("path/to/file").RemoveDirectoryName() returns
+// FilePath("file"). If there is no directory part ("just_a_file"), it returns
+// the FilePath unmodified. If there is no file part ("just_a_dir/") it
+// returns an empty FilePath ("").
+// On Windows platform, '\' is the path separator, otherwise it is '/'.
+FilePath FilePath::RemoveDirectoryName() const {
+  const char* const last_sep = FindLastPathSeparator();
+  return last_sep ? FilePath(last_sep + 1) : *this;
+}
+
+// RemoveFileName returns the directory path with the filename removed.
+// Example: FilePath("path/to/file").RemoveFileName() returns "path/to/".
+// If the FilePath is "a_file" or "/a_file", RemoveFileName returns
+// FilePath("./") or, on Windows, FilePath(".\\"). If the filepath does
+// not have a file, like "just/a/dir/", it returns the FilePath unmodified.
+// On Windows platform, '\' is the path separator, otherwise it is '/'.
+FilePath FilePath::RemoveFileName() const {
+  const char* const last_sep = FindLastPathSeparator();
+  std::string dir;
+  if (last_sep) {
+    dir = std::string(c_str(), last_sep + 1 - c_str());
+  } else {
+    dir = kCurrentDirectoryString;
+  }
+  return FilePath(dir);
+}
+
+// Helper functions for naming files in a directory for xml output.
+
+// Given directory = "dir", base_name = "test", number = 0,
+// extension = "xml", returns "dir/test.xml". If number is greater
+// than zero (e.g., 12), returns "dir/test_12.xml".
+// On Windows platform, uses \ as the separator rather than /.
+FilePath FilePath::MakeFileName(const FilePath& directory,
+                                const FilePath& base_name,
+                                int number,
+                                const char* extension) {
+  std::string file;
+  if (number == 0) {
+    file = base_name.string() + "." + extension;
+  } else {
+    file = base_name.string() + "_" + StreamableToString(number)
+        + "." + extension;
+  }
+  return ConcatPaths(directory, FilePath(file));
+}
+
+// Given directory = "dir", relative_path = "test.xml", returns "dir/test.xml".
+// On Windows, uses \ as the separator rather than /.
+FilePath FilePath::ConcatPaths(const FilePath& directory,
+                               const FilePath& relative_path) {
+  if (directory.IsEmpty())
+    return relative_path;
+  const FilePath dir(directory.RemoveTrailingPathSeparator());
+  return FilePath(dir.string() + kPathSeparator + relative_path.string());
+}
+
+// Returns true if pathname describes something findable in the file-system,
+// either a file, directory, or whatever.
+bool FilePath::FileOrDirectoryExists() const {
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+  LPCWSTR unicode = String::AnsiToUtf16(pathname_.c_str());
+  const DWORD attributes = GetFileAttributes(unicode);
+  delete [] unicode;
+  return attributes != kInvalidFileAttributes;
+#else
+  posix::StatStruct file_stat;
+  return posix::Stat(pathname_.c_str(), &file_stat) == 0;
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+}
+
+// Returns true if pathname describes a directory in the file-system
+// that exists.
+bool FilePath::DirectoryExists() const {
+  bool result = false;
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  // Don't strip off trailing separator if path is a root directory on
+  // Windows (like "C:\\").
+  const FilePath& path(IsRootDirectory() ? *this :
+                                           RemoveTrailingPathSeparator());
+#else
+  const FilePath& path(*this);
+#endif
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+  LPCWSTR unicode = String::AnsiToUtf16(path.c_str());
+  const DWORD attributes = GetFileAttributes(unicode);
+  delete [] unicode;
+  if ((attributes != kInvalidFileAttributes) &&
+      (attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)) {
+    result = true;
+  }
+#else
+  posix::StatStruct file_stat;
+  result = posix::Stat(path.c_str(), &file_stat) == 0 &&
+      posix::IsDir(file_stat);
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Returns true if pathname describes a root directory. (Windows has one
+// root directory per disk drive.)
+bool FilePath::IsRootDirectory() const {
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  // TODO(wan@google.com): on Windows a network share like
+  // \\server\share can be a root directory, although it cannot be the
+  // current directory.  Handle this properly.
+  return pathname_.length() == 3 && IsAbsolutePath();
+#else
+  return pathname_.length() == 1 && IsPathSeparator(pathname_.c_str()[0]);
+#endif
+}
+
+// Returns true if pathname describes an absolute path.
+bool FilePath::IsAbsolutePath() const {
+  const char* const name = pathname_.c_str();
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  return pathname_.length() >= 3 &&
+     ((name[0] >= 'a' && name[0] <= 'z') ||
+      (name[0] >= 'A' && name[0] <= 'Z')) &&
+     name[1] == ':' &&
+     IsPathSeparator(name[2]);
+#else
+  return IsPathSeparator(name[0]);
+#endif
+}
+
+// Returns a pathname for a file that does not currently exist. The pathname
+// will be directory/base_name.extension or
+// directory/base_name_<number>.extension if directory/base_name.extension
+// already exists. The number will be incremented until a pathname is found
+// that does not already exist.
+// Examples: 'dir/foo_test.xml' or 'dir/foo_test_1.xml'.
+// There could be a race condition if two or more processes are calling this
+// function at the same time -- they could both pick the same filename.
+FilePath FilePath::GenerateUniqueFileName(const FilePath& directory,
+                                          const FilePath& base_name,
+                                          const char* extension) {
+  FilePath full_pathname;
+  int number = 0;
+  do {
+    full_pathname.Set(MakeFileName(directory, base_name, number++, extension));
+  } while (full_pathname.FileOrDirectoryExists());
+  return full_pathname;
+}
+
+// Returns true if FilePath ends with a path separator, which indicates that
+// it is intended to represent a directory. Returns false otherwise.
+// This does NOT check that a directory (or file) actually exists.
+bool FilePath::IsDirectory() const {
+  return !pathname_.empty() &&
+         IsPathSeparator(pathname_.c_str()[pathname_.length() - 1]);
+}
+
+// Create directories so that path exists. Returns true if successful or if
+// the directories already exist; returns false if unable to create directories
+// for any reason.
+bool FilePath::CreateDirectoriesRecursively() const {
+  if (!this->IsDirectory()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (pathname_.length() == 0 || this->DirectoryExists()) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  const FilePath parent(this->RemoveTrailingPathSeparator().RemoveFileName());
+  return parent.CreateDirectoriesRecursively() && this->CreateFolder();
+}
+
+// Create the directory so that path exists. Returns true if successful or
+// if the directory already exists; returns false if unable to create the
+// directory for any reason, including if the parent directory does not
+// exist. Not named "CreateDirectory" because that's a macro on Windows.
+bool FilePath::CreateFolder() const {
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+  FilePath removed_sep(this->RemoveTrailingPathSeparator());
+  LPCWSTR unicode = String::AnsiToUtf16(removed_sep.c_str());
+  int result = CreateDirectory(unicode, NULL) ? 0 : -1;
+  delete [] unicode;
+#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  int result = _mkdir(pathname_.c_str());
+#else
+  int result = mkdir(pathname_.c_str(), 0777);
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+  if (result == -1) {
+    return this->DirectoryExists();  // An error is OK if the directory exists.
+  }
+  return true;  // No error.
+}
+
+// If input name has a trailing separator character, remove it and return the
+// name, otherwise return the name string unmodified.
+// On Windows platform, uses \ as the separator, other platforms use /.
+FilePath FilePath::RemoveTrailingPathSeparator() const {
+  return IsDirectory()
+      ? FilePath(pathname_.substr(0, pathname_.length() - 1))
+      : *this;
+}
+
+// Removes any redundant separators that might be in the pathname.
+// For example, "bar///foo" becomes "bar/foo". Does not eliminate other
+// redundancies that might be in a pathname involving "." or "..".
+// TODO(wan@google.com): handle Windows network shares (e.g. \\server\share).
+void FilePath::Normalize() {
+  if (pathname_.c_str() == NULL) {
+    pathname_ = "";
+    return;
+  }
+  const char* src = pathname_.c_str();
+  char* const dest = new char[pathname_.length() + 1];
+  char* dest_ptr = dest;
+  memset(dest_ptr, 0, pathname_.length() + 1);
+
+  while (*src != '\0') {
+    *dest_ptr = *src;
+    if (!IsPathSeparator(*src)) {
+      src++;
+    } else {
+#if GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_
+      if (*dest_ptr == kAlternatePathSeparator) {
+        *dest_ptr = kPathSeparator;
+      }
+#endif
+      while (IsPathSeparator(*src))
+        src++;
+    }
+    dest_ptr++;
+  }
+  *dest_ptr = '\0';
+  pathname_ = dest;
+  delete[] dest;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace testing
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest-internal-inl.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest-internal-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ed8a682a964f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest-internal-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1183 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Utility functions and classes used by the Google C++ testing framework.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+//
+// This file contains purely Google Test's internal implementation.  Please
+// DO NOT #INCLUDE IT IN A USER PROGRAM.
+
+#ifndef GTEST_SRC_GTEST_INTERNAL_INL_H_
+#define GTEST_SRC_GTEST_INTERNAL_INL_H_
+
+// GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ is defined to 1 iff the current translation unit is
+// part of Google Test's implementation; otherwise it's undefined.
+#if !GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
+// If this file is included from the user's code, just say no.
+# error "gtest-internal-inl.h is part of Google Test's internal implementation."
+# error "It must not be included except by Google Test itself."
+#endif  // GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
+
+#ifndef _WIN32_WCE
+# include <errno.h>
+#endif  // !_WIN32_WCE
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>  // For strtoll/_strtoul64/malloc/free.
+#include <string.h>  // For memmove.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+
+#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+# include <arpa/inet.h>  // NOLINT
+# include <netdb.h>  // NOLINT
+#endif
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# include <windows.h>  // NOLINT
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"  // NOLINT
+#include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
+
+namespace testing {
+
+// Declares the flags.
+//
+// We don't want the users to modify this flag in the code, but want
+// Google Test's own unit tests to be able to access it. Therefore we
+// declare it here as opposed to in gtest.h.
+GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(death_test_use_fork);
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// The value of GetTestTypeId() as seen from within the Google Test
+// library.  This is solely for testing GetTestTypeId().
+GTEST_API_ extern const TypeId kTestTypeIdInGoogleTest;
+
+// Names of the flags (needed for parsing Google Test flags).
+const char kAlsoRunDisabledTestsFlag[] = "also_run_disabled_tests";
+const char kBreakOnFailureFlag[] = "break_on_failure";
+const char kCatchExceptionsFlag[] = "catch_exceptions";
+const char kColorFlag[] = "color";
+const char kFilterFlag[] = "filter";
+const char kListTestsFlag[] = "list_tests";
+const char kOutputFlag[] = "output";
+const char kPrintTimeFlag[] = "print_time";
+const char kRandomSeedFlag[] = "random_seed";
+const char kRepeatFlag[] = "repeat";
+const char kShuffleFlag[] = "shuffle";
+const char kStackTraceDepthFlag[] = "stack_trace_depth";
+const char kStreamResultToFlag[] = "stream_result_to";
+const char kThrowOnFailureFlag[] = "throw_on_failure";
+const char kFlagfileFlag[] = "flagfile";
+
+// A valid random seed must be in [1, kMaxRandomSeed].
+const int kMaxRandomSeed = 99999;
+
+// g_help_flag is true iff the --help flag or an equivalent form is
+// specified on the command line.
+GTEST_API_ extern bool g_help_flag;
+
+// Returns the current time in milliseconds.
+GTEST_API_ TimeInMillis GetTimeInMillis();
+
+// Returns true iff Google Test should use colors in the output.
+GTEST_API_ bool ShouldUseColor(bool stdout_is_tty);
+
+// Formats the given time in milliseconds as seconds.
+GTEST_API_ std::string FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(TimeInMillis ms);
+
+// Converts the given time in milliseconds to a date string in the ISO 8601
+// format, without the timezone information.  N.B.: due to the use the
+// non-reentrant localtime() function, this function is not thread safe.  Do
+// not use it in any code that can be called from multiple threads.
+GTEST_API_ std::string FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(TimeInMillis ms);
+
+// Parses a string for an Int32 flag, in the form of "--flag=value".
+//
+// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
+// true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
+GTEST_API_ bool ParseInt32Flag(
+    const char* str, const char* flag, Int32* value);
+
+// Returns a random seed in range [1, kMaxRandomSeed] based on the
+// given --gtest_random_seed flag value.
+inline int GetRandomSeedFromFlag(Int32 random_seed_flag) {
+  const unsigned int raw_seed = (random_seed_flag == 0) ?
+      static_cast<unsigned int>(GetTimeInMillis()) :
+      static_cast<unsigned int>(random_seed_flag);
+
+  // Normalizes the actual seed to range [1, kMaxRandomSeed] such that
+  // it's easy to type.
+  const int normalized_seed =
+      static_cast<int>((raw_seed - 1U) %
+                       static_cast<unsigned int>(kMaxRandomSeed)) + 1;
+  return normalized_seed;
+}
+
+// Returns the first valid random seed after 'seed'.  The behavior is
+// undefined if 'seed' is invalid.  The seed after kMaxRandomSeed is
+// considered to be 1.
+inline int GetNextRandomSeed(int seed) {
+  GTEST_CHECK_(1 <= seed && seed <= kMaxRandomSeed)
+      << "Invalid random seed " << seed << " - must be in [1, "
+      << kMaxRandomSeed << "].";
+  const int next_seed = seed + 1;
+  return (next_seed > kMaxRandomSeed) ? 1 : next_seed;
+}
+
+// This class saves the values of all Google Test flags in its c'tor, and
+// restores them in its d'tor.
+class GTestFlagSaver {
+ public:
+  // The c'tor.
+  GTestFlagSaver() {
+    also_run_disabled_tests_ = GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests);
+    break_on_failure_ = GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure);
+    catch_exceptions_ = GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions);
+    color_ = GTEST_FLAG(color);
+    death_test_style_ = GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style);
+    death_test_use_fork_ = GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork);
+    filter_ = GTEST_FLAG(filter);
+    internal_run_death_test_ = GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test);
+    list_tests_ = GTEST_FLAG(list_tests);
+    output_ = GTEST_FLAG(output);
+    print_time_ = GTEST_FLAG(print_time);
+    random_seed_ = GTEST_FLAG(random_seed);
+    repeat_ = GTEST_FLAG(repeat);
+    shuffle_ = GTEST_FLAG(shuffle);
+    stack_trace_depth_ = GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth);
+    stream_result_to_ = GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to);
+    throw_on_failure_ = GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure);
+  }
+
+  // The d'tor is not virtual.  DO NOT INHERIT FROM THIS CLASS.
+  ~GTestFlagSaver() {
+    GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests) = also_run_disabled_tests_;
+    GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure) = break_on_failure_;
+    GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions) = catch_exceptions_;
+    GTEST_FLAG(color) = color_;
+    GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = death_test_style_;
+    GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork) = death_test_use_fork_;
+    GTEST_FLAG(filter) = filter_;
+    GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test) = internal_run_death_test_;
+    GTEST_FLAG(list_tests) = list_tests_;
+    GTEST_FLAG(output) = output_;
+    GTEST_FLAG(print_time) = print_time_;
+    GTEST_FLAG(random_seed) = random_seed_;
+    GTEST_FLAG(repeat) = repeat_;
+    GTEST_FLAG(shuffle) = shuffle_;
+    GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth) = stack_trace_depth_;
+    GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to) = stream_result_to_;
+    GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = throw_on_failure_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // Fields for saving the original values of flags.
+  bool also_run_disabled_tests_;
+  bool break_on_failure_;
+  bool catch_exceptions_;
+  std::string color_;
+  std::string death_test_style_;
+  bool death_test_use_fork_;
+  std::string filter_;
+  std::string internal_run_death_test_;
+  bool list_tests_;
+  std::string output_;
+  bool print_time_;
+  internal::Int32 random_seed_;
+  internal::Int32 repeat_;
+  bool shuffle_;
+  internal::Int32 stack_trace_depth_;
+  std::string stream_result_to_;
+  bool throw_on_failure_;
+} GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;
+
+// Converts a Unicode code point to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
+// code_point parameter is of type UInt32 because wchar_t may not be
+// wide enough to contain a code point.
+// If the code_point is not a valid Unicode code point
+// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) it will be converted
+// to "(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)".
+GTEST_API_ std::string CodePointToUtf8(UInt32 code_point);
+
+// Converts a wide string to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
+// The wide string is assumed to have the following encoding:
+//   UTF-16 if sizeof(wchar_t) == 2 (on Windows, Cygwin, Symbian OS)
+//   UTF-32 if sizeof(wchar_t) == 4 (on Linux)
+// Parameter str points to a null-terminated wide string.
+// Parameter num_chars may additionally limit the number
+// of wchar_t characters processed. -1 is used when the entire string
+// should be processed.
+// If the string contains code points that are not valid Unicode code points
+// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) they will be output
+// as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'. If the string is in UTF16 encoding
+// and contains invalid UTF-16 surrogate pairs, values in those pairs
+// will be encoded as individual Unicode characters from Basic Normal Plane.
+GTEST_API_ std::string WideStringToUtf8(const wchar_t* str, int num_chars);
+
+// Reads the GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE environment variable, and creates the file
+// if the variable is present. If a file already exists at this location, this
+// function will write over it. If the variable is present, but the file cannot
+// be created, prints an error and exits.
+void WriteToShardStatusFileIfNeeded();
+
+// Checks whether sharding is enabled by examining the relevant
+// environment variable values. If the variables are present,
+// but inconsistent (e.g., shard_index >= total_shards), prints
+// an error and exits. If in_subprocess_for_death_test, sharding is
+// disabled because it must only be applied to the original test
+// process. Otherwise, we could filter out death tests we intended to execute.
+GTEST_API_ bool ShouldShard(const char* total_shards_str,
+                            const char* shard_index_str,
+                            bool in_subprocess_for_death_test);
+
+// Parses the environment variable var as an Int32. If it is unset,
+// returns default_val. If it is not an Int32, prints an error and
+// and aborts.
+GTEST_API_ Int32 Int32FromEnvOrDie(const char* env_var, Int32 default_val);
+
+// Given the total number of shards, the shard index, and the test id,
+// returns true iff the test should be run on this shard. The test id is
+// some arbitrary but unique non-negative integer assigned to each test
+// method. Assumes that 0 <= shard_index < total_shards.
+GTEST_API_ bool ShouldRunTestOnShard(
+    int total_shards, int shard_index, int test_id);
+
+// STL container utilities.
+
+// Returns the number of elements in the given container that satisfy
+// the given predicate.
+template <class Container, typename Predicate>
+inline int CountIf(const Container& c, Predicate predicate) {
+  // Implemented as an explicit loop since std::count_if() in libCstd on
+  // Solaris has a non-standard signature.
+  int count = 0;
+  for (typename Container::const_iterator it = c.begin(); it != c.end(); ++it) {
+    if (predicate(*it))
+      ++count;
+  }
+  return count;
+}
+
+// Applies a function/functor to each element in the container.
+template <class Container, typename Functor>
+void ForEach(const Container& c, Functor functor) {
+  std::for_each(c.begin(), c.end(), functor);
+}
+
+// Returns the i-th element of the vector, or default_value if i is not
+// in range [0, v.size()).
+template <typename E>
+inline E GetElementOr(const std::vector<E>& v, int i, E default_value) {
+  return (i < 0 || i >= static_cast<int>(v.size())) ? default_value : v[i];
+}
+
+// Performs an in-place shuffle of a range of the vector's elements.
+// 'begin' and 'end' are element indices as an STL-style range;
+// i.e. [begin, end) are shuffled, where 'end' == size() means to
+// shuffle to the end of the vector.
+template <typename E>
+void ShuffleRange(internal::Random* random, int begin, int end,
+                  std::vector<E>* v) {
+  const int size = static_cast<int>(v->size());
+  GTEST_CHECK_(0 <= begin && begin <= size)
+      << "Invalid shuffle range start " << begin << ": must be in range [0, "
+      << size << "].";
+  GTEST_CHECK_(begin <= end && end <= size)
+      << "Invalid shuffle range finish " << end << ": must be in range ["
+      << begin << ", " << size << "].";
+
+  // Fisher-Yates shuffle, from
+  // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher-Yates_shuffle
+  for (int range_width = end - begin; range_width >= 2; range_width--) {
+    const int last_in_range = begin + range_width - 1;
+    const int selected = begin + random->Generate(range_width);
+    std::swap((*v)[selected], (*v)[last_in_range]);
+  }
+}
+
+// Performs an in-place shuffle of the vector's elements.
+template <typename E>
+inline void Shuffle(internal::Random* random, std::vector<E>* v) {
+  ShuffleRange(random, 0, static_cast<int>(v->size()), v);
+}
+
+// A function for deleting an object.  Handy for being used as a
+// functor.
+template <typename T>
+static void Delete(T* x) {
+  delete x;
+}
+
+// A predicate that checks the key of a TestProperty against a known key.
+//
+// TestPropertyKeyIs is copyable.
+class TestPropertyKeyIs {
+ public:
+  // Constructor.
+  //
+  // TestPropertyKeyIs has NO default constructor.
+  explicit TestPropertyKeyIs(const std::string& key) : key_(key) {}
+
+  // Returns true iff the test name of test property matches on key_.
+  bool operator()(const TestProperty& test_property) const {
+    return test_property.key() == key_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::string key_;
+};
+
+// Class UnitTestOptions.
+//
+// This class contains functions for processing options the user
+// specifies when running the tests.  It has only static members.
+//
+// In most cases, the user can specify an option using either an
+// environment variable or a command line flag.  E.g. you can set the
+// test filter using either GTEST_FILTER or --gtest_filter.  If both
+// the variable and the flag are present, the latter overrides the
+// former.
+class GTEST_API_ UnitTestOptions {
+ public:
+  // Functions for processing the gtest_output flag.
+
+  // Returns the output format, or "" for normal printed output.
+  static std::string GetOutputFormat();
+
+  // Returns the absolute path of the requested output file, or the
+  // default (test_detail.xml in the original working directory) if
+  // none was explicitly specified.
+  static std::string GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile();
+
+  // Functions for processing the gtest_filter flag.
+
+  // Returns true iff the wildcard pattern matches the string.  The
+  // first ':' or '\0' character in pattern marks the end of it.
+  //
+  // This recursive algorithm isn't very efficient, but is clear and
+  // works well enough for matching test names, which are short.
+  static bool PatternMatchesString(const char *pattern, const char *str);
+
+  // Returns true iff the user-specified filter matches the test case
+  // name and the test name.
+  static bool FilterMatchesTest(const std::string &test_case_name,
+                                const std::string &test_name);
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  // Function for supporting the gtest_catch_exception flag.
+
+  // Returns EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER if Google Test should handle the
+  // given SEH exception, or EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH otherwise.
+  // This function is useful as an __except condition.
+  static int GTestShouldProcessSEH(DWORD exception_code);
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+  // Returns true if "name" matches the ':' separated list of glob-style
+  // filters in "filter".
+  static bool MatchesFilter(const std::string& name, const char* filter);
+};
+
+// Returns the current application's name, removing directory path if that
+// is present.  Used by UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFile.
+GTEST_API_ FilePath GetCurrentExecutableName();
+
+// The role interface for getting the OS stack trace as a string.
+class OsStackTraceGetterInterface {
+ public:
+  OsStackTraceGetterInterface() {}
+  virtual ~OsStackTraceGetterInterface() {}
+
+  // Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.  Parameters:
+  //
+  //   max_depth  - the maximum number of stack frames to be included
+  //                in the trace.
+  //   skip_count - the number of top frames to be skipped; doesn't count
+  //                against max_depth.
+  virtual string CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count) = 0;
+
+  // UponLeavingGTest() should be called immediately before Google Test calls
+  // user code. It saves some information about the current stack that
+  // CurrentStackTrace() will use to find and hide Google Test stack frames.
+  virtual void UponLeavingGTest() = 0;
+
+  // This string is inserted in place of stack frames that are part of
+  // Google Test's implementation.
+  static const char* const kElidedFramesMarker;
+
+ private:
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(OsStackTraceGetterInterface);
+};
+
+// A working implementation of the OsStackTraceGetterInterface interface.
+class OsStackTraceGetter : public OsStackTraceGetterInterface {
+ public:
+  OsStackTraceGetter() {}
+
+  virtual string CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count);
+  virtual void UponLeavingGTest();
+
+ private:
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(OsStackTraceGetter);
+};
+
+// Information about a Google Test trace point.
+struct TraceInfo {
+  const char* file;
+  int line;
+  std::string message;
+};
+
+// This is the default global test part result reporter used in UnitTestImpl.
+// This class should only be used by UnitTestImpl.
+class DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter
+  : public TestPartResultReporterInterface {
+ public:
+  explicit DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter(UnitTestImpl* unit_test);
+  // Implements the TestPartResultReporterInterface. Reports the test part
+  // result in the current test.
+  virtual void ReportTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& result);
+
+ private:
+  UnitTestImpl* const unit_test_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter);
+};
+
+// This is the default per thread test part result reporter used in
+// UnitTestImpl. This class should only be used by UnitTestImpl.
+class DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter
+    : public TestPartResultReporterInterface {
+ public:
+  explicit DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter(UnitTestImpl* unit_test);
+  // Implements the TestPartResultReporterInterface. The implementation just
+  // delegates to the current global test part result reporter of *unit_test_.
+  virtual void ReportTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& result);
+
+ private:
+  UnitTestImpl* const unit_test_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter);
+};
+
+// The private implementation of the UnitTest class.  We don't protect
+// the methods under a mutex, as this class is not accessible by a
+// user and the UnitTest class that delegates work to this class does
+// proper locking.
+class GTEST_API_ UnitTestImpl {
+ public:
+  explicit UnitTestImpl(UnitTest* parent);
+  virtual ~UnitTestImpl();
+
+  // There are two different ways to register your own TestPartResultReporter.
+  // You can register your own repoter to listen either only for test results
+  // from the current thread or for results from all threads.
+  // By default, each per-thread test result repoter just passes a new
+  // TestPartResult to the global test result reporter, which registers the
+  // test part result for the currently running test.
+
+  // Returns the global test part result reporter.
+  TestPartResultReporterInterface* GetGlobalTestPartResultReporter();
+
+  // Sets the global test part result reporter.
+  void SetGlobalTestPartResultReporter(
+      TestPartResultReporterInterface* reporter);
+
+  // Returns the test part result reporter for the current thread.
+  TestPartResultReporterInterface* GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread();
+
+  // Sets the test part result reporter for the current thread.
+  void SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(
+      TestPartResultReporterInterface* reporter);
+
+  // Gets the number of successful test cases.
+  int successful_test_case_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the number of failed test cases.
+  int failed_test_case_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the number of all test cases.
+  int total_test_case_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the number of all test cases that contain at least one test
+  // that should run.
+  int test_case_to_run_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the number of successful tests.
+  int successful_test_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the number of failed tests.
+  int failed_test_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
+  int reportable_disabled_test_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the number of disabled tests.
+  int disabled_test_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
+  int reportable_test_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the number of all tests.
+  int total_test_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the number of tests that should run.
+  int test_to_run_count() const;
+
+  // Gets the time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
+  // UNIX epoch.
+  TimeInMillis start_timestamp() const { return start_timestamp_; }
+
+  // Gets the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
+  TimeInMillis elapsed_time() const { return elapsed_time_; }
+
+  // Returns true iff the unit test passed (i.e. all test cases passed).
+  bool Passed() const { return !Failed(); }
+
+  // Returns true iff the unit test failed (i.e. some test case failed
+  // or something outside of all tests failed).
+  bool Failed() const {
+    return failed_test_case_count() > 0 || ad_hoc_test_result()->Failed();
+  }
+
+  // Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
+  // total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
+  const TestCase* GetTestCase(int i) const {
+    const int index = GetElementOr(test_case_indices_, i, -1);
+    return index < 0 ? NULL : test_cases_[i];
+  }
+
+  // Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
+  // total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
+  TestCase* GetMutableTestCase(int i) {
+    const int index = GetElementOr(test_case_indices_, i, -1);
+    return index < 0 ? NULL : test_cases_[index];
+  }
+
+  // Provides access to the event listener list.
+  TestEventListeners* listeners() { return &listeners_; }
+
+  // Returns the TestResult for the test that's currently running, or
+  // the TestResult for the ad hoc test if no test is running.
+  TestResult* current_test_result();
+
+  // Returns the TestResult for the ad hoc test.
+  const TestResult* ad_hoc_test_result() const { return &ad_hoc_test_result_; }
+
+  // Sets the OS stack trace getter.
+  //
+  // Does nothing if the input and the current OS stack trace getter
+  // are the same; otherwise, deletes the old getter and makes the
+  // input the current getter.
+  void set_os_stack_trace_getter(OsStackTraceGetterInterface* getter);
+
+  // Returns the current OS stack trace getter if it is not NULL;
+  // otherwise, creates an OsStackTraceGetter, makes it the current
+  // getter, and returns it.
+  OsStackTraceGetterInterface* os_stack_trace_getter();
+
+  // Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
+  //
+  // The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
+  // the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
+  // specifies the number of top frames to be skipped, which doesn't
+  // count against the number of frames to be included.
+  //
+  // For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
+  // CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(1), Foo() will be included in the
+  // trace but Bar() and CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
+  std::string CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(int skip_count) GTEST_NO_INLINE_;
+
+  // Finds and returns a TestCase with the given name.  If one doesn't
+  // exist, creates one and returns it.
+  //
+  // Arguments:
+  //
+  //   test_case_name: name of the test case
+  //   type_param:     the name of the test's type parameter, or NULL if
+  //                   this is not a typed or a type-parameterized test.
+  //   set_up_tc:      pointer to the function that sets up the test case
+  //   tear_down_tc:   pointer to the function that tears down the test case
+  TestCase* GetTestCase(const char* test_case_name,
+                        const char* type_param,
+                        Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
+                        Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc);
+
+  // Adds a TestInfo to the unit test.
+  //
+  // Arguments:
+  //
+  //   set_up_tc:    pointer to the function that sets up the test case
+  //   tear_down_tc: pointer to the function that tears down the test case
+  //   test_info:    the TestInfo object
+  void AddTestInfo(Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
+                   Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc,
+                   TestInfo* test_info) {
+    // In order to support thread-safe death tests, we need to
+    // remember the original working directory when the test program
+    // was first invoked.  We cannot do this in RUN_ALL_TESTS(), as
+    // the user may have changed the current directory before calling
+    // RUN_ALL_TESTS().  Therefore we capture the current directory in
+    // AddTestInfo(), which is called to register a TEST or TEST_F
+    // before main() is reached.
+    if (original_working_dir_.IsEmpty()) {
+      original_working_dir_.Set(FilePath::GetCurrentDir());
+      GTEST_CHECK_(!original_working_dir_.IsEmpty())
+          << "Failed to get the current working directory.";
+    }
+
+    GetTestCase(test_info->test_case_name(),
+                test_info->type_param(),
+                set_up_tc,
+                tear_down_tc)->AddTestInfo(test_info);
+  }
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+  // Returns ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry object used to keep track of
+  // value-parameterized tests and instantiate and register them.
+  internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry& parameterized_test_registry() {
+    return parameterized_test_registry_;
+  }
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+  // Sets the TestCase object for the test that's currently running.
+  void set_current_test_case(TestCase* a_current_test_case) {
+    current_test_case_ = a_current_test_case;
+  }
+
+  // Sets the TestInfo object for the test that's currently running.  If
+  // current_test_info is NULL, the assertion results will be stored in
+  // ad_hoc_test_result_.
+  void set_current_test_info(TestInfo* a_current_test_info) {
+    current_test_info_ = a_current_test_info;
+  }
+
+  // Registers all parameterized tests defined using TEST_P and
+  // INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P, creating regular tests for each test/parameter
+  // combination. This method can be called more then once; it has guards
+  // protecting from registering the tests more then once.  If
+  // value-parameterized tests are disabled, RegisterParameterizedTests is
+  // present but does nothing.
+  void RegisterParameterizedTests();
+
+  // Runs all tests in this UnitTest object, prints the result, and
+  // returns true if all tests are successful.  If any exception is
+  // thrown during a test, this test is considered to be failed, but
+  // the rest of the tests will still be run.
+  bool RunAllTests();
+
+  // Clears the results of all tests, except the ad hoc tests.
+  void ClearNonAdHocTestResult() {
+    ForEach(test_cases_, TestCase::ClearTestCaseResult);
+  }
+
+  // Clears the results of ad-hoc test assertions.
+  void ClearAdHocTestResult() {
+    ad_hoc_test_result_.Clear();
+  }
+
+  // Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked in a
+  // context of a test or a test case, or to the global property set. If the
+  // result already contains a property with the same key, the value will be
+  // updated.
+  void RecordProperty(const TestProperty& test_property);
+
+  enum ReactionToSharding {
+    HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL,
+    IGNORE_SHARDING_PROTOCOL
+  };
+
+  // Matches the full name of each test against the user-specified
+  // filter to decide whether the test should run, then records the
+  // result in each TestCase and TestInfo object.
+  // If shard_tests == HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL, further filters tests
+  // based on sharding variables in the environment.
+  // Returns the number of tests that should run.
+  int FilterTests(ReactionToSharding shard_tests);
+
+  // Prints the names of the tests matching the user-specified filter flag.
+  void ListTestsMatchingFilter();
+
+  const TestCase* current_test_case() const { return current_test_case_; }
+  TestInfo* current_test_info() { return current_test_info_; }
+  const TestInfo* current_test_info() const { return current_test_info_; }
+
+  // Returns the vector of environments that need to be set-up/torn-down
+  // before/after the tests are run.
+  std::vector<Environment*>& environments() { return environments_; }
+
+  // Getters for the per-thread Google Test trace stack.
+  std::vector<TraceInfo>& gtest_trace_stack() {
+    return *(gtest_trace_stack_.pointer());
+  }
+  const std::vector<TraceInfo>& gtest_trace_stack() const {
+    return gtest_trace_stack_.get();
+  }
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+  void InitDeathTestSubprocessControlInfo() {
+    internal_run_death_test_flag_.reset(ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag());
+  }
+  // Returns a pointer to the parsed --gtest_internal_run_death_test
+  // flag, or NULL if that flag was not specified.
+  // This information is useful only in a death test child process.
+  // Must not be called before a call to InitGoogleTest.
+  const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* internal_run_death_test_flag() const {
+    return internal_run_death_test_flag_.get();
+  }
+
+  // Returns a pointer to the current death test factory.
+  internal::DeathTestFactory* death_test_factory() {
+    return death_test_factory_.get();
+  }
+
+  void SuppressTestEventsIfInSubprocess();
+
+  friend class ReplaceDeathTestFactory;
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+  // Initializes the event listener performing XML output as specified by
+  // UnitTestOptions. Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
+  void ConfigureXmlOutput();
+
+#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+  // Initializes the event listener for streaming test results to a socket.
+  // Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
+  void ConfigureStreamingOutput();
+#endif
+
+  // Performs initialization dependent upon flag values obtained in
+  // ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly.  Is called from InitGoogleTest after the call to
+  // ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly.  In case a user neglects to call InitGoogleTest
+  // this function is also called from RunAllTests.  Since this function can be
+  // called more than once, it has to be idempotent.
+  void PostFlagParsingInit();
+
+  // Gets the random seed used at the start of the current test iteration.
+  int random_seed() const { return random_seed_; }
+
+  // Gets the random number generator.
+  internal::Random* random() { return &random_; }
+
+  // Shuffles all test cases, and the tests within each test case,
+  // making sure that death tests are still run first.
+  void ShuffleTests();
+
+  // Restores the test cases and tests to their order before the first shuffle.
+  void UnshuffleTests();
+
+  // Returns the value of GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions) at the moment
+  // UnitTest::Run() starts.
+  bool catch_exceptions() const { return catch_exceptions_; }
+
+ private:
+  friend class ::testing::UnitTest;
+
+  // Used by UnitTest::Run() to capture the state of
+  // GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions) at the moment it starts.
+  void set_catch_exceptions(bool value) { catch_exceptions_ = value; }
+
+  // The UnitTest object that owns this implementation object.
+  UnitTest* const parent_;
+
+  // The working directory when the first TEST() or TEST_F() was
+  // executed.
+  internal::FilePath original_working_dir_;
+
+  // The default test part result reporters.
+  DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter default_global_test_part_result_reporter_;
+  DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter
+      default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_;
+
+  // Points to (but doesn't own) the global test part result reporter.
+  TestPartResultReporterInterface* global_test_part_result_repoter_;
+
+  // Protects read and write access to global_test_part_result_reporter_.
+  internal::Mutex global_test_part_result_reporter_mutex_;
+
+  // Points to (but doesn't own) the per-thread test part result reporter.
+  internal::ThreadLocal<TestPartResultReporterInterface*>
+      per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_;
+
+  // The vector of environments that need to be set-up/torn-down
+  // before/after the tests are run.
+  std::vector<Environment*> environments_;
+
+  // The vector of TestCases in their original order.  It owns the
+  // elements in the vector.
+  std::vector<TestCase*> test_cases_;
+
+  // Provides a level of indirection for the test case list to allow
+  // easy shuffling and restoring the test case order.  The i-th
+  // element of this vector is the index of the i-th test case in the
+  // shuffled order.
+  std::vector<int> test_case_indices_;
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+  // ParameterizedTestRegistry object used to register value-parameterized
+  // tests.
+  internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry parameterized_test_registry_;
+
+  // Indicates whether RegisterParameterizedTests() has been called already.
+  bool parameterized_tests_registered_;
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+  // Index of the last death test case registered.  Initially -1.
+  int last_death_test_case_;
+
+  // This points to the TestCase for the currently running test.  It
+  // changes as Google Test goes through one test case after another.
+  // When no test is running, this is set to NULL and Google Test
+  // stores assertion results in ad_hoc_test_result_.  Initially NULL.
+  TestCase* current_test_case_;
+
+  // This points to the TestInfo for the currently running test.  It
+  // changes as Google Test goes through one test after another.  When
+  // no test is running, this is set to NULL and Google Test stores
+  // assertion results in ad_hoc_test_result_.  Initially NULL.
+  TestInfo* current_test_info_;
+
+  // Normally, a user only writes assertions inside a TEST or TEST_F,
+  // or inside a function called by a TEST or TEST_F.  Since Google
+  // Test keeps track of which test is current running, it can
+  // associate such an assertion with the test it belongs to.
+  //
+  // If an assertion is encountered when no TEST or TEST_F is running,
+  // Google Test attributes the assertion result to an imaginary "ad hoc"
+  // test, and records the result in ad_hoc_test_result_.
+  TestResult ad_hoc_test_result_;
+
+  // The list of event listeners that can be used to track events inside
+  // Google Test.
+  TestEventListeners listeners_;
+
+  // The OS stack trace getter.  Will be deleted when the UnitTest
+  // object is destructed.  By default, an OsStackTraceGetter is used,
+  // but the user can set this field to use a custom getter if that is
+  // desired.
+  OsStackTraceGetterInterface* os_stack_trace_getter_;
+
+  // True iff PostFlagParsingInit() has been called.
+  bool post_flag_parse_init_performed_;
+
+  // The random number seed used at the beginning of the test run.
+  int random_seed_;
+
+  // Our random number generator.
+  internal::Random random_;
+
+  // The time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
+  // UNIX epoch.
+  TimeInMillis start_timestamp_;
+
+  // How long the test took to run, in milliseconds.
+  TimeInMillis elapsed_time_;
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+  // The decomposed components of the gtest_internal_run_death_test flag,
+  // parsed when RUN_ALL_TESTS is called.
+  internal::scoped_ptr<InternalRunDeathTestFlag> internal_run_death_test_flag_;
+  internal::scoped_ptr<internal::DeathTestFactory> death_test_factory_;
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+  // A per-thread stack of traces created by the SCOPED_TRACE() macro.
+  internal::ThreadLocal<std::vector<TraceInfo> > gtest_trace_stack_;
+
+  // The value of GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions) at the moment RunAllTests()
+  // starts.
+  bool catch_exceptions_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(UnitTestImpl);
+};  // class UnitTestImpl
+
+// Convenience function for accessing the global UnitTest
+// implementation object.
+inline UnitTestImpl* GetUnitTestImpl() {
+  return UnitTest::GetInstance()->impl();
+}
+
+#if GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
+
+// Internal helper functions for implementing the simple regular
+// expression matcher.
+GTEST_API_ bool IsInSet(char ch, const char* str);
+GTEST_API_ bool IsAsciiDigit(char ch);
+GTEST_API_ bool IsAsciiPunct(char ch);
+GTEST_API_ bool IsRepeat(char ch);
+GTEST_API_ bool IsAsciiWhiteSpace(char ch);
+GTEST_API_ bool IsAsciiWordChar(char ch);
+GTEST_API_ bool IsValidEscape(char ch);
+GTEST_API_ bool AtomMatchesChar(bool escaped, char pattern, char ch);
+GTEST_API_ bool ValidateRegex(const char* regex);
+GTEST_API_ bool MatchRegexAtHead(const char* regex, const char* str);
+GTEST_API_ bool MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(
+    bool escaped, char ch, char repeat, const char* regex, const char* str);
+GTEST_API_ bool MatchRegexAnywhere(const char* regex, const char* str);
+
+#endif  // GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
+
+// Parses the command line for Google Test flags, without initializing
+// other parts of Google Test.
+GTEST_API_ void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int* argc, char** argv);
+GTEST_API_ void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int* argc, wchar_t** argv);
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+// Returns the message describing the last system error, regardless of the
+// platform.
+GTEST_API_ std::string GetLastErrnoDescription();
+
+// Attempts to parse a string into a positive integer pointed to by the
+// number parameter.  Returns true if that is possible.
+// GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies that we have ::std::string, so we can use
+// it here.
+template <typename Integer>
+bool ParseNaturalNumber(const ::std::string& str, Integer* number) {
+  // Fail fast if the given string does not begin with a digit;
+  // this bypasses strtoXXX's "optional leading whitespace and plus
+  // or minus sign" semantics, which are undesirable here.
+  if (str.empty() || !IsDigit(str[0])) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  errno = 0;
+
+  char* end;
+  // BiggestConvertible is the largest integer type that system-provided
+  // string-to-number conversion routines can return.
+
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !defined(__GNUC__)
+
+  // MSVC and C++ Builder define __int64 instead of the standard long long.
+  typedef unsigned __int64 BiggestConvertible;
+  const BiggestConvertible parsed = _strtoui64(str.c_str(), &end, 10);
+
+# else
+
+  typedef unsigned long long BiggestConvertible;  // NOLINT
+  const BiggestConvertible parsed = strtoull(str.c_str(), &end, 10);
+
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !defined(__GNUC__)
+
+  const bool parse_success = *end == '\0' && errno == 0;
+
+  // TODO(vladl@google.com): Convert this to compile time assertion when it is
+  // available.
+  GTEST_CHECK_(sizeof(Integer) <= sizeof(parsed));
+
+  const Integer result = static_cast<Integer>(parsed);
+  if (parse_success && static_cast<BiggestConvertible>(result) == parsed) {
+    *number = result;
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+// TestResult contains some private methods that should be hidden from
+// Google Test user but are required for testing. This class allow our tests
+// to access them.
+//
+// This class is supplied only for the purpose of testing Google Test's own
+// constructs. Do not use it in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
+class TestResultAccessor {
+ public:
+  static void RecordProperty(TestResult* test_result,
+                             const std::string& xml_element,
+                             const TestProperty& property) {
+    test_result->RecordProperty(xml_element, property);
+  }
+
+  static void ClearTestPartResults(TestResult* test_result) {
+    test_result->ClearTestPartResults();
+  }
+
+  static const std::vector<testing::TestPartResult>& test_part_results(
+      const TestResult& test_result) {
+    return test_result.test_part_results();
+  }
+};
+
+#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+
+// Streams test results to the given port on the given host machine.
+class GTEST_API_ StreamingListener : public EmptyTestEventListener {
+ public:
+  // Abstract base class for writing strings to a socket.
+  class AbstractSocketWriter {
+   public:
+    virtual ~AbstractSocketWriter() {}
+
+    // Sends a string to the socket.
+    virtual void Send(const string& message) = 0;
+
+    // Closes the socket.
+    virtual void CloseConnection() {}
+
+    // Sends a string and a newline to the socket.
+    void SendLn(const string& message) {
+      Send(message + "\n");
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Concrete class for actually writing strings to a socket.
+  class SocketWriter : public AbstractSocketWriter {
+   public:
+    SocketWriter(const string& host, const string& port)
+        : sockfd_(-1), host_name_(host), port_num_(port) {
+      MakeConnection();
+    }
+
+    virtual ~SocketWriter() {
+      if (sockfd_ != -1)
+        CloseConnection();
+    }
+
+    // Sends a string to the socket.
+    virtual void Send(const string& message) {
+      GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ != -1)
+          << "Send() can be called only when there is a connection.";
+
+      const int len = static_cast<int>(message.length());
+      if (write(sockfd_, message.c_str(), len) != len) {
+        GTEST_LOG_(WARNING)
+            << "stream_result_to: failed to stream to "
+            << host_name_ << ":" << port_num_;
+      }
+    }
+
+   private:
+    // Creates a client socket and connects to the server.
+    void MakeConnection();
+
+    // Closes the socket.
+    void CloseConnection() {
+      GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ != -1)
+          << "CloseConnection() can be called only when there is a connection.";
+
+      close(sockfd_);
+      sockfd_ = -1;
+    }
+
+    int sockfd_;  // socket file descriptor
+    const string host_name_;
+    const string port_num_;
+
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(SocketWriter);
+  };  // class SocketWriter
+
+  // Escapes '=', '&', '%', and '\n' characters in str as "%xx".
+  static string UrlEncode(const char* str);
+
+  StreamingListener(const string& host, const string& port)
+      : socket_writer_(new SocketWriter(host, port)) { Start(); }
+
+  explicit StreamingListener(AbstractSocketWriter* socket_writer)
+      : socket_writer_(socket_writer) { Start(); }
+
+  void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& /* unit_test */) {
+    SendLn("event=TestProgramStart");
+  }
+
+  void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test) {
+    // Note that Google Test current only report elapsed time for each
+    // test iteration, not for the entire test program.
+    SendLn("event=TestProgramEnd&passed=" + FormatBool(unit_test.Passed()));
+
+    // Notify the streaming server to stop.
+    socket_writer_->CloseConnection();
+  }
+
+  void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& /* unit_test */, int iteration) {
+    SendLn("event=TestIterationStart&iteration=" +
+           StreamableToString(iteration));
+  }
+
+  void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test, int /* iteration */) {
+    SendLn("event=TestIterationEnd&passed=" +
+           FormatBool(unit_test.Passed()) + "&elapsed_time=" +
+           StreamableToString(unit_test.elapsed_time()) + "ms");
+  }
+
+  void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case) {
+    SendLn(std::string("event=TestCaseStart&name=") + test_case.name());
+  }
+
+  void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case) {
+    SendLn("event=TestCaseEnd&passed=" + FormatBool(test_case.Passed())
+           + "&elapsed_time=" + StreamableToString(test_case.elapsed_time())
+           + "ms");
+  }
+
+  void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info) {
+    SendLn(std::string("event=TestStart&name=") + test_info.name());
+  }
+
+  void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info) {
+    SendLn("event=TestEnd&passed=" +
+           FormatBool((test_info.result())->Passed()) +
+           "&elapsed_time=" +
+           StreamableToString((test_info.result())->elapsed_time()) + "ms");
+  }
+
+  void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
+    const char* file_name = test_part_result.file_name();
+    if (file_name == NULL)
+      file_name = "";
+    SendLn("event=TestPartResult&file=" + UrlEncode(file_name) +
+           "&line=" + StreamableToString(test_part_result.line_number()) +
+           "&message=" + UrlEncode(test_part_result.message()));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // Sends the given message and a newline to the socket.
+  void SendLn(const string& message) { socket_writer_->SendLn(message); }
+
+  // Called at the start of streaming to notify the receiver what
+  // protocol we are using.
+  void Start() { SendLn("gtest_streaming_protocol_version=1.0"); }
+
+  string FormatBool(bool value) { return value ? "1" : "0"; }
+
+  const scoped_ptr<AbstractSocketWriter> socket_writer_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(StreamingListener);
+};  // class StreamingListener
+
+#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace testing
+
+#endif  // GTEST_SRC_GTEST_INTERNAL_INL_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest-port.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest-port.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e5bf3dd2be4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest-port.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1259 @@
+// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <fstream>
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# include <windows.h>
+# include <io.h>
+# include <sys/stat.h>
+# include <map>  // Used in ThreadLocal.
+#else
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+#if GTEST_OS_MAC
+# include <mach/mach_init.h>
+# include <mach/task.h>
+# include <mach/vm_map.h>
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
+
+#if GTEST_OS_QNX
+# include <devctl.h>
+# include <fcntl.h>
+# include <sys/procfs.h>
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
+
+#if GTEST_OS_AIX
+# include <procinfo.h>
+# include <sys/types.h>
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_AIX
+
+#include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
+
+// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
+// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
+// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick exists to
+// prevent the accidental inclusion of gtest-internal-inl.h in the
+// user's code.
+#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
+#include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
+#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
+
+namespace testing {
+namespace internal {
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
+// MSVC and C++Builder do not provide a definition of STDERR_FILENO.
+const int kStdOutFileno = 1;
+const int kStdErrFileno = 2;
+#else
+const int kStdOutFileno = STDOUT_FILENO;
+const int kStdErrFileno = STDERR_FILENO;
+#endif  // _MSC_VER
+
+#if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+
+namespace {
+template <typename T>
+T ReadProcFileField(const string& filename, int field) {
+  std::string dummy;
+  std::ifstream file(filename.c_str());
+  while (field-- > 0) {
+    file >> dummy;
+  }
+  T output = 0;
+  file >> output;
+  return output;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+// Returns the number of active threads, or 0 when there is an error.
+size_t GetThreadCount() {
+  const string filename =
+      (Message() << "/proc/" << getpid() << "/stat").GetString();
+  return ReadProcFileField<int>(filename, 19);
+}
+
+#elif GTEST_OS_MAC
+
+size_t GetThreadCount() {
+  const task_t task = mach_task_self();
+  mach_msg_type_number_t thread_count;
+  thread_act_array_t thread_list;
+  const kern_return_t status = task_threads(task, &thread_list, &thread_count);
+  if (status == KERN_SUCCESS) {
+    // task_threads allocates resources in thread_list and we need to free them
+    // to avoid leaks.
+    vm_deallocate(task,
+                  reinterpret_cast<vm_address_t>(thread_list),
+                  sizeof(thread_t) * thread_count);
+    return static_cast<size_t>(thread_count);
+  } else {
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+#elif GTEST_OS_QNX
+
+// Returns the number of threads running in the process, or 0 to indicate that
+// we cannot detect it.
+size_t GetThreadCount() {
+  const int fd = open("/proc/self/as", O_RDONLY);
+  if (fd < 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  procfs_info process_info;
+  const int status =
+      devctl(fd, DCMD_PROC_INFO, &process_info, sizeof(process_info), NULL);
+  close(fd);
+  if (status == EOK) {
+    return static_cast<size_t>(process_info.num_threads);
+  } else {
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+#elif GTEST_OS_AIX
+
+size_t GetThreadCount() {
+  struct procentry64 entry;
+  pid_t pid = getpid();
+  int status = getprocs64(&entry, sizeof(entry), NULL, 0, &pid, 1);
+  if (status == 1) {
+    return entry.pi_thcount;
+  } else {
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+#else
+
+size_t GetThreadCount() {
+  // There's no portable way to detect the number of threads, so we just
+  // return 0 to indicate that we cannot detect it.
+  return 0;
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
+
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE && GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+void SleepMilliseconds(int n) {
+  ::Sleep(n);
+}
+
+AutoHandle::AutoHandle()
+    : handle_(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {}
+
+AutoHandle::AutoHandle(Handle handle)
+    : handle_(handle) {}
+
+AutoHandle::~AutoHandle() {
+  Reset();
+}
+
+AutoHandle::Handle AutoHandle::Get() const {
+  return handle_;
+}
+
+void AutoHandle::Reset() {
+  Reset(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
+}
+
+void AutoHandle::Reset(HANDLE handle) {
+  // Resetting with the same handle we already own is invalid.
+  if (handle_ != handle) {
+    if (IsCloseable()) {
+      ::CloseHandle(handle_);
+    }
+    handle_ = handle;
+  } else {
+    GTEST_CHECK_(!IsCloseable())
+        << "Resetting a valid handle to itself is likely a programmer error "
+            "and thus not allowed.";
+  }
+}
+
+bool AutoHandle::IsCloseable() const {
+  // Different Windows APIs may use either of these values to represent an
+  // invalid handle.
+  return handle_ != NULL && handle_ != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+}
+
+Notification::Notification()
+    : event_(::CreateEvent(NULL,   // Default security attributes.
+                           TRUE,   // Do not reset automatically.
+                           FALSE,  // Initially unset.
+                           NULL)) {  // Anonymous event.
+  GTEST_CHECK_(event_.Get() != NULL);
+}
+
+void Notification::Notify() {
+  GTEST_CHECK_(::SetEvent(event_.Get()) != FALSE);
+}
+
+void Notification::WaitForNotification() {
+  GTEST_CHECK_(
+      ::WaitForSingleObject(event_.Get(), INFINITE) == WAIT_OBJECT_0);
+}
+
+Mutex::Mutex()
+    : owner_thread_id_(0),
+      type_(kDynamic),
+      critical_section_init_phase_(0),
+      critical_section_(new CRITICAL_SECTION) {
+  ::InitializeCriticalSection(critical_section_);
+}
+
+Mutex::~Mutex() {
+  // Static mutexes are leaked intentionally. It is not thread-safe to try
+  // to clean them up.
+  // TODO(yukawa): Switch to Slim Reader/Writer (SRW) Locks, which requires
+  // nothing to clean it up but is available only on Vista and later.
+  // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa904937.aspx
+  if (type_ == kDynamic) {
+    ::DeleteCriticalSection(critical_section_);
+    delete critical_section_;
+    critical_section_ = NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+void Mutex::Lock() {
+  ThreadSafeLazyInit();
+  ::EnterCriticalSection(critical_section_);
+  owner_thread_id_ = ::GetCurrentThreadId();
+}
+
+void Mutex::Unlock() {
+  ThreadSafeLazyInit();
+  // We don't protect writing to owner_thread_id_ here, as it's the
+  // caller's responsibility to ensure that the current thread holds the
+  // mutex when this is called.
+  owner_thread_id_ = 0;
+  ::LeaveCriticalSection(critical_section_);
+}
+
+// Does nothing if the current thread holds the mutex. Otherwise, crashes
+// with high probability.
+void Mutex::AssertHeld() {
+  ThreadSafeLazyInit();
+  GTEST_CHECK_(owner_thread_id_ == ::GetCurrentThreadId())
+      << "The current thread is not holding the mutex @" << this;
+}
+
+// Initializes owner_thread_id_ and critical_section_ in static mutexes.
+void Mutex::ThreadSafeLazyInit() {
+  // Dynamic mutexes are initialized in the constructor.
+  if (type_ == kStatic) {
+    switch (
+        ::InterlockedCompareExchange(&critical_section_init_phase_, 1L, 0L)) {
+      case 0:
+        // If critical_section_init_phase_ was 0 before the exchange, we
+        // are the first to test it and need to perform the initialization.
+        owner_thread_id_ = 0;
+        critical_section_ = new CRITICAL_SECTION;
+        ::InitializeCriticalSection(critical_section_);
+        // Updates the critical_section_init_phase_ to 2 to signal
+        // initialization complete.
+        GTEST_CHECK_(::InterlockedCompareExchange(
+                          &critical_section_init_phase_, 2L, 1L) ==
+                      1L);
+        break;
+      case 1:
+        // Somebody else is already initializing the mutex; spin until they
+        // are done.
+        while (::InterlockedCompareExchange(&critical_section_init_phase_,
+                                            2L,
+                                            2L) != 2L) {
+          // Possibly yields the rest of the thread's time slice to other
+          // threads.
+          ::Sleep(0);
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case 2:
+        break;  // The mutex is already initialized and ready for use.
+
+      default:
+        GTEST_CHECK_(false)
+            << "Unexpected value of critical_section_init_phase_ "
+            << "while initializing a static mutex.";
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+class ThreadWithParamSupport : public ThreadWithParamBase {
+ public:
+  static HANDLE CreateThread(Runnable* runnable,
+                             Notification* thread_can_start) {
+    ThreadMainParam* param = new ThreadMainParam(runnable, thread_can_start);
+    DWORD thread_id;
+    // TODO(yukawa): Consider to use _beginthreadex instead.
+    HANDLE thread_handle = ::CreateThread(
+        NULL,    // Default security.
+        0,       // Default stack size.
+        &ThreadWithParamSupport::ThreadMain,
+        param,   // Parameter to ThreadMainStatic
+        0x0,     // Default creation flags.
+        &thread_id);  // Need a valid pointer for the call to work under Win98.
+    GTEST_CHECK_(thread_handle != NULL) << "CreateThread failed with error "
+                                        << ::GetLastError() << ".";
+    if (thread_handle == NULL) {
+      delete param;
+    }
+    return thread_handle;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  struct ThreadMainParam {
+    ThreadMainParam(Runnable* runnable, Notification* thread_can_start)
+        : runnable_(runnable),
+          thread_can_start_(thread_can_start) {
+    }
+    scoped_ptr<Runnable> runnable_;
+    // Does not own.
+    Notification* thread_can_start_;
+  };
+
+  static DWORD WINAPI ThreadMain(void* ptr) {
+    // Transfers ownership.
+    scoped_ptr<ThreadMainParam> param(static_cast<ThreadMainParam*>(ptr));
+    if (param->thread_can_start_ != NULL)
+      param->thread_can_start_->WaitForNotification();
+    param->runnable_->Run();
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Prohibit instantiation.
+  ThreadWithParamSupport();
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadWithParamSupport);
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+ThreadWithParamBase::ThreadWithParamBase(Runnable *runnable,
+                                         Notification* thread_can_start)
+      : thread_(ThreadWithParamSupport::CreateThread(runnable,
+                                                     thread_can_start)) {
+}
+
+ThreadWithParamBase::~ThreadWithParamBase() {
+  Join();
+}
+
+void ThreadWithParamBase::Join() {
+  GTEST_CHECK_(::WaitForSingleObject(thread_.Get(), INFINITE) == WAIT_OBJECT_0)
+      << "Failed to join the thread with error " << ::GetLastError() << ".";
+}
+
+// Maps a thread to a set of ThreadIdToThreadLocals that have values
+// instantiated on that thread and notifies them when the thread exits.  A
+// ThreadLocal instance is expected to persist until all threads it has
+// values on have terminated.
+class ThreadLocalRegistryImpl {
+ public:
+  // Registers thread_local_instance as having value on the current thread.
+  // Returns a value that can be used to identify the thread from other threads.
+  static ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* GetValueOnCurrentThread(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
+    DWORD current_thread = ::GetCurrentThreadId();
+    MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
+    ThreadIdToThreadLocals* const thread_to_thread_locals =
+        GetThreadLocalsMapLocked();
+    ThreadIdToThreadLocals::iterator thread_local_pos =
+        thread_to_thread_locals->find(current_thread);
+    if (thread_local_pos == thread_to_thread_locals->end()) {
+      thread_local_pos = thread_to_thread_locals->insert(
+          std::make_pair(current_thread, ThreadLocalValues())).first;
+      StartWatcherThreadFor(current_thread);
+    }
+    ThreadLocalValues& thread_local_values = thread_local_pos->second;
+    ThreadLocalValues::iterator value_pos =
+        thread_local_values.find(thread_local_instance);
+    if (value_pos == thread_local_values.end()) {
+      value_pos =
+          thread_local_values
+              .insert(std::make_pair(
+                  thread_local_instance,
+                  linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase>(
+                      thread_local_instance->NewValueForCurrentThread())))
+              .first;
+    }
+    return value_pos->second.get();
+  }
+
+  static void OnThreadLocalDestroyed(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
+    std::vector<linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase> > value_holders;
+    // Clean up the ThreadLocalValues data structure while holding the lock, but
+    // defer the destruction of the ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
+    {
+      MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
+      ThreadIdToThreadLocals* const thread_to_thread_locals =
+          GetThreadLocalsMapLocked();
+      for (ThreadIdToThreadLocals::iterator it =
+          thread_to_thread_locals->begin();
+          it != thread_to_thread_locals->end();
+          ++it) {
+        ThreadLocalValues& thread_local_values = it->second;
+        ThreadLocalValues::iterator value_pos =
+            thread_local_values.find(thread_local_instance);
+        if (value_pos != thread_local_values.end()) {
+          value_holders.push_back(value_pos->second);
+          thread_local_values.erase(value_pos);
+          // This 'if' can only be successful at most once, so theoretically we
+          // could break out of the loop here, but we don't bother doing so.
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    // Outside the lock, let the destructor for 'value_holders' deallocate the
+    // ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
+  }
+
+  static void OnThreadExit(DWORD thread_id) {
+    GTEST_CHECK_(thread_id != 0) << ::GetLastError();
+    std::vector<linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase> > value_holders;
+    // Clean up the ThreadIdToThreadLocals data structure while holding the
+    // lock, but defer the destruction of the ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
+    {
+      MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
+      ThreadIdToThreadLocals* const thread_to_thread_locals =
+          GetThreadLocalsMapLocked();
+      ThreadIdToThreadLocals::iterator thread_local_pos =
+          thread_to_thread_locals->find(thread_id);
+      if (thread_local_pos != thread_to_thread_locals->end()) {
+        ThreadLocalValues& thread_local_values = thread_local_pos->second;
+        for (ThreadLocalValues::iterator value_pos =
+            thread_local_values.begin();
+            value_pos != thread_local_values.end();
+            ++value_pos) {
+          value_holders.push_back(value_pos->second);
+        }
+        thread_to_thread_locals->erase(thread_local_pos);
+      }
+    }
+    // Outside the lock, let the destructor for 'value_holders' deallocate the
+    // ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // In a particular thread, maps a ThreadLocal object to its value.
+  typedef std::map<const ThreadLocalBase*,
+                   linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase> > ThreadLocalValues;
+  // Stores all ThreadIdToThreadLocals having values in a thread, indexed by
+  // thread's ID.
+  typedef std::map<DWORD, ThreadLocalValues> ThreadIdToThreadLocals;
+
+  // Holds the thread id and thread handle that we pass from
+  // StartWatcherThreadFor to WatcherThreadFunc.
+  typedef std::pair<DWORD, HANDLE> ThreadIdAndHandle;
+
+  static void StartWatcherThreadFor(DWORD thread_id) {
+    // The returned handle will be kept in thread_map and closed by
+    // watcher_thread in WatcherThreadFunc.
+    HANDLE thread = ::OpenThread(SYNCHRONIZE | THREAD_QUERY_INFORMATION,
+                                 FALSE,
+                                 thread_id);
+    GTEST_CHECK_(thread != NULL);
+    // We need to to pass a valid thread ID pointer into CreateThread for it
+    // to work correctly under Win98.
+    DWORD watcher_thread_id;
+    HANDLE watcher_thread = ::CreateThread(
+        NULL,   // Default security.
+        0,      // Default stack size
+        &ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::WatcherThreadFunc,
+        reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(new ThreadIdAndHandle(thread_id, thread)),
+        CREATE_SUSPENDED,
+        &watcher_thread_id);
+    GTEST_CHECK_(watcher_thread != NULL);
+    // Give the watcher thread the same priority as ours to avoid being
+    // blocked by it.
+    ::SetThreadPriority(watcher_thread,
+                        ::GetThreadPriority(::GetCurrentThread()));
+    ::ResumeThread(watcher_thread);
+    ::CloseHandle(watcher_thread);
+  }
+
+  // Monitors exit from a given thread and notifies those
+  // ThreadIdToThreadLocals about thread termination.
+  static DWORD WINAPI WatcherThreadFunc(LPVOID param) {
+    const ThreadIdAndHandle* tah =
+        reinterpret_cast<const ThreadIdAndHandle*>(param);
+    GTEST_CHECK_(
+        ::WaitForSingleObject(tah->second, INFINITE) == WAIT_OBJECT_0);
+    OnThreadExit(tah->first);
+    ::CloseHandle(tah->second);
+    delete tah;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Returns map of thread local instances.
+  static ThreadIdToThreadLocals* GetThreadLocalsMapLocked() {
+    mutex_.AssertHeld();
+    static ThreadIdToThreadLocals* map = new ThreadIdToThreadLocals;
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  // Protects access to GetThreadLocalsMapLocked() and its return value.
+  static Mutex mutex_;
+  // Protects access to GetThreadMapLocked() and its return value.
+  static Mutex thread_map_mutex_;
+};
+
+Mutex ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::mutex_(Mutex::kStaticMutex);
+Mutex ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::thread_map_mutex_(Mutex::kStaticMutex);
+
+ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* ThreadLocalRegistry::GetValueOnCurrentThread(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
+  return ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::GetValueOnCurrentThread(
+      thread_local_instance);
+}
+
+void ThreadLocalRegistry::OnThreadLocalDestroyed(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
+  ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::OnThreadLocalDestroyed(thread_local_instance);
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE && GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+#if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
+
+// Implements RE.  Currently only needed for death tests.
+
+RE::~RE() {
+  if (is_valid_) {
+    // regfree'ing an invalid regex might crash because the content
+    // of the regex is undefined. Since the regex's are essentially
+    // the same, one cannot be valid (or invalid) without the other
+    // being so too.
+    regfree(&partial_regex_);
+    regfree(&full_regex_);
+  }
+  free(const_cast<char*>(pattern_));
+}
+
+// Returns true iff regular expression re matches the entire str.
+bool RE::FullMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
+  if (!re.is_valid_) return false;
+
+  regmatch_t match;
+  return regexec(&re.full_regex_, str, 1, &match, 0) == 0;
+}
+
+// Returns true iff regular expression re matches a substring of str
+// (including str itself).
+bool RE::PartialMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
+  if (!re.is_valid_) return false;
+
+  regmatch_t match;
+  return regexec(&re.partial_regex_, str, 1, &match, 0) == 0;
+}
+
+// Initializes an RE from its string representation.
+void RE::Init(const char* regex) {
+  pattern_ = posix::StrDup(regex);
+
+  // Reserves enough bytes to hold the regular expression used for a
+  // full match.
+  const size_t full_regex_len = strlen(regex) + 10;
+  char* const full_pattern = new char[full_regex_len];
+
+  snprintf(full_pattern, full_regex_len, "^(%s)$", regex);
+  is_valid_ = regcomp(&full_regex_, full_pattern, REG_EXTENDED) == 0;
+  // We want to call regcomp(&partial_regex_, ...) even if the
+  // previous expression returns false.  Otherwise partial_regex_ may
+  // not be properly initialized can may cause trouble when it's
+  // freed.
+  //
+  // Some implementation of POSIX regex (e.g. on at least some
+  // versions of Cygwin) doesn't accept the empty string as a valid
+  // regex.  We change it to an equivalent form "()" to be safe.
+  if (is_valid_) {
+    const char* const partial_regex = (*regex == '\0') ? "()" : regex;
+    is_valid_ = regcomp(&partial_regex_, partial_regex, REG_EXTENDED) == 0;
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_valid_)
+      << "Regular expression \"" << regex
+      << "\" is not a valid POSIX Extended regular expression.";
+
+  delete[] full_pattern;
+}
+
+#elif GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
+
+// Returns true iff ch appears anywhere in str (excluding the
+// terminating '\0' character).
+bool IsInSet(char ch, const char* str) {
+  return ch != '\0' && strchr(str, ch) != NULL;
+}
+
+// Returns true iff ch belongs to the given classification.  Unlike
+// similar functions in <ctype.h>, these aren't affected by the
+// current locale.
+bool IsAsciiDigit(char ch) { return '0' <= ch && ch <= '9'; }
+bool IsAsciiPunct(char ch) {
+  return IsInSet(ch, "^-!\"#$%&'()*+,./:;<=>?@[\\]_`{|}~");
+}
+bool IsRepeat(char ch) { return IsInSet(ch, "?*+"); }
+bool IsAsciiWhiteSpace(char ch) { return IsInSet(ch, " \f\n\r\t\v"); }
+bool IsAsciiWordChar(char ch) {
+  return ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z') || ('A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z') ||
+      ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') || ch == '_';
+}
+
+// Returns true iff "\\c" is a supported escape sequence.
+bool IsValidEscape(char c) {
+  return (IsAsciiPunct(c) || IsInSet(c, "dDfnrsStvwW"));
+}
+
+// Returns true iff the given atom (specified by escaped and pattern)
+// matches ch.  The result is undefined if the atom is invalid.
+bool AtomMatchesChar(bool escaped, char pattern_char, char ch) {
+  if (escaped) {  // "\\p" where p is pattern_char.
+    switch (pattern_char) {
+      case 'd': return IsAsciiDigit(ch);
+      case 'D': return !IsAsciiDigit(ch);
+      case 'f': return ch == '\f';
+      case 'n': return ch == '\n';
+      case 'r': return ch == '\r';
+      case 's': return IsAsciiWhiteSpace(ch);
+      case 'S': return !IsAsciiWhiteSpace(ch);
+      case 't': return ch == '\t';
+      case 'v': return ch == '\v';
+      case 'w': return IsAsciiWordChar(ch);
+      case 'W': return !IsAsciiWordChar(ch);
+    }
+    return IsAsciiPunct(pattern_char) && pattern_char == ch;
+  }
+
+  return (pattern_char == '.' && ch != '\n') || pattern_char == ch;
+}
+
+// Helper function used by ValidateRegex() to format error messages.
+std::string FormatRegexSyntaxError(const char* regex, int index) {
+  return (Message() << "Syntax error at index " << index
+          << " in simple regular expression \"" << regex << "\": ").GetString();
+}
+
+// Generates non-fatal failures and returns false if regex is invalid;
+// otherwise returns true.
+bool ValidateRegex(const char* regex) {
+  if (regex == NULL) {
+    // TODO(wan@google.com): fix the source file location in the
+    // assertion failures to match where the regex is used in user
+    // code.
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "NULL is not a valid simple regular expression.";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool is_valid = true;
+
+  // True iff ?, *, or + can follow the previous atom.
+  bool prev_repeatable = false;
+  for (int i = 0; regex[i]; i++) {
+    if (regex[i] == '\\') {  // An escape sequence
+      i++;
+      if (regex[i] == '\0') {
+        ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i - 1)
+                      << "'\\' cannot appear at the end.";
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      if (!IsValidEscape(regex[i])) {
+        ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i - 1)
+                      << "invalid escape sequence \"\\" << regex[i] << "\".";
+        is_valid = false;
+      }
+      prev_repeatable = true;
+    } else {  // Not an escape sequence.
+      const char ch = regex[i];
+
+      if (ch == '^' && i > 0) {
+        ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
+                      << "'^' can only appear at the beginning.";
+        is_valid = false;
+      } else if (ch == '$' && regex[i + 1] != '\0') {
+        ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
+                      << "'$' can only appear at the end.";
+        is_valid = false;
+      } else if (IsInSet(ch, "()[]{}|")) {
+        ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
+                      << "'" << ch << "' is unsupported.";
+        is_valid = false;
+      } else if (IsRepeat(ch) && !prev_repeatable) {
+        ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
+                      << "'" << ch << "' can only follow a repeatable token.";
+        is_valid = false;
+      }
+
+      prev_repeatable = !IsInSet(ch, "^$?*+");
+    }
+  }
+
+  return is_valid;
+}
+
+// Matches a repeated regex atom followed by a valid simple regular
+// expression.  The regex atom is defined as c if escaped is false,
+// or \c otherwise.  repeat is the repetition meta character (?, *,
+// or +).  The behavior is undefined if str contains too many
+// characters to be indexable by size_t, in which case the test will
+// probably time out anyway.  We are fine with this limitation as
+// std::string has it too.
+bool MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(
+    bool escaped, char c, char repeat, const char* regex,
+    const char* str) {
+  const size_t min_count = (repeat == '+') ? 1 : 0;
+  const size_t max_count = (repeat == '?') ? 1 :
+      static_cast<size_t>(-1) - 1;
+  // We cannot call numeric_limits::max() as it conflicts with the
+  // max() macro on Windows.
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i <= max_count; ++i) {
+    // We know that the atom matches each of the first i characters in str.
+    if (i >= min_count && MatchRegexAtHead(regex, str + i)) {
+      // We have enough matches at the head, and the tail matches too.
+      // Since we only care about *whether* the pattern matches str
+      // (as opposed to *how* it matches), there is no need to find a
+      // greedy match.
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (str[i] == '\0' || !AtomMatchesChar(escaped, c, str[i]))
+      return false;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Returns true iff regex matches a prefix of str.  regex must be a
+// valid simple regular expression and not start with "^", or the
+// result is undefined.
+bool MatchRegexAtHead(const char* regex, const char* str) {
+  if (*regex == '\0')  // An empty regex matches a prefix of anything.
+    return true;
+
+  // "$" only matches the end of a string.  Note that regex being
+  // valid guarantees that there's nothing after "$" in it.
+  if (*regex == '$')
+    return *str == '\0';
+
+  // Is the first thing in regex an escape sequence?
+  const bool escaped = *regex == '\\';
+  if (escaped)
+    ++regex;
+  if (IsRepeat(regex[1])) {
+    // MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead() calls MatchRegexAtHead(), so
+    // here's an indirect recursion.  It terminates as the regex gets
+    // shorter in each recursion.
+    return MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(
+        escaped, regex[0], regex[1], regex + 2, str);
+  } else {
+    // regex isn't empty, isn't "$", and doesn't start with a
+    // repetition.  We match the first atom of regex with the first
+    // character of str and recurse.
+    return (*str != '\0') && AtomMatchesChar(escaped, *regex, *str) &&
+        MatchRegexAtHead(regex + 1, str + 1);
+  }
+}
+
+// Returns true iff regex matches any substring of str.  regex must be
+// a valid simple regular expression, or the result is undefined.
+//
+// The algorithm is recursive, but the recursion depth doesn't exceed
+// the regex length, so we won't need to worry about running out of
+// stack space normally.  In rare cases the time complexity can be
+// exponential with respect to the regex length + the string length,
+// but usually it's must faster (often close to linear).
+bool MatchRegexAnywhere(const char* regex, const char* str) {
+  if (regex == NULL || str == NULL)
+    return false;
+
+  if (*regex == '^')
+    return MatchRegexAtHead(regex + 1, str);
+
+  // A successful match can be anywhere in str.
+  do {
+    if (MatchRegexAtHead(regex, str))
+      return true;
+  } while (*str++ != '\0');
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Implements the RE class.
+
+RE::~RE() {
+  free(const_cast<char*>(pattern_));
+  free(const_cast<char*>(full_pattern_));
+}
+
+// Returns true iff regular expression re matches the entire str.
+bool RE::FullMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
+  return re.is_valid_ && MatchRegexAnywhere(re.full_pattern_, str);
+}
+
+// Returns true iff regular expression re matches a substring of str
+// (including str itself).
+bool RE::PartialMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
+  return re.is_valid_ && MatchRegexAnywhere(re.pattern_, str);
+}
+
+// Initializes an RE from its string representation.
+void RE::Init(const char* regex) {
+  pattern_ = full_pattern_ = NULL;
+  if (regex != NULL) {
+    pattern_ = posix::StrDup(regex);
+  }
+
+  is_valid_ = ValidateRegex(regex);
+  if (!is_valid_) {
+    // No need to calculate the full pattern when the regex is invalid.
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const size_t len = strlen(regex);
+  // Reserves enough bytes to hold the regular expression used for a
+  // full match: we need space to prepend a '^', append a '$', and
+  // terminate the string with '\0'.
+  char* buffer = static_cast<char*>(malloc(len + 3));
+  full_pattern_ = buffer;
+
+  if (*regex != '^')
+    *buffer++ = '^';  // Makes sure full_pattern_ starts with '^'.
+
+  // We don't use snprintf or strncpy, as they trigger a warning when
+  // compiled with VC++ 8.0.
+  memcpy(buffer, regex, len);
+  buffer += len;
+
+  if (len == 0 || regex[len - 1] != '$')
+    *buffer++ = '$';  // Makes sure full_pattern_ ends with '$'.
+
+  *buffer = '\0';
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
+
+const char kUnknownFile[] = "unknown file";
+
+// Formats a source file path and a line number as they would appear
+// in an error message from the compiler used to compile this code.
+GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatFileLocation(const char* file, int line) {
+  const std::string file_name(file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file);
+
+  if (line < 0) {
+    return file_name + ":";
+  }
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+  return file_name + "(" + StreamableToString(line) + "):";
+#else
+  return file_name + ":" + StreamableToString(line) + ":";
+#endif  // _MSC_VER
+}
+
+// Formats a file location for compiler-independent XML output.
+// Although this function is not platform dependent, we put it next to
+// FormatFileLocation in order to contrast the two functions.
+// Note that FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation() does NOT append colon
+// to the file location it produces, unlike FormatFileLocation().
+GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(
+    const char* file, int line) {
+  const std::string file_name(file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file);
+
+  if (line < 0)
+    return file_name;
+  else
+    return file_name + ":" + StreamableToString(line);
+}
+
+GTestLog::GTestLog(GTestLogSeverity severity, const char* file, int line)
+    : severity_(severity) {
+  const char* const marker =
+      severity == GTEST_INFO ?    "[  INFO ]" :
+      severity == GTEST_WARNING ? "[WARNING]" :
+      severity == GTEST_ERROR ?   "[ ERROR ]" : "[ FATAL ]";
+  GetStream() << ::std::endl << marker << " "
+              << FormatFileLocation(file, line).c_str() << ": ";
+}
+
+// Flushes the buffers and, if severity is GTEST_FATAL, aborts the program.
+GTestLog::~GTestLog() {
+  GetStream() << ::std::endl;
+  if (severity_ == GTEST_FATAL) {
+    fflush(stderr);
+    posix::Abort();
+  }
+}
+// Disable Microsoft deprecation warnings for POSIX functions called from
+// this class (creat, dup, dup2, and close)
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4996)
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
+
+// Object that captures an output stream (stdout/stderr).
+class CapturedStream {
+ public:
+  // The ctor redirects the stream to a temporary file.
+  explicit CapturedStream(int fd) : fd_(fd), uncaptured_fd_(dup(fd)) {
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+    char temp_dir_path[MAX_PATH + 1] = { '\0' };  // NOLINT
+    char temp_file_path[MAX_PATH + 1] = { '\0' };  // NOLINT
+
+    ::GetTempPathA(sizeof(temp_dir_path), temp_dir_path);
+    const UINT success = ::GetTempFileNameA(temp_dir_path,
+                                            "gtest_redir",
+                                            0,  // Generate unique file name.
+                                            temp_file_path);
+    GTEST_CHECK_(success != 0)
+        << "Unable to create a temporary file in " << temp_dir_path;
+    const int captured_fd = creat(temp_file_path, _S_IREAD | _S_IWRITE);
+    GTEST_CHECK_(captured_fd != -1) << "Unable to open temporary file "
+                                    << temp_file_path;
+    filename_ = temp_file_path;
+# else
+    // There's no guarantee that a test has write access to the current
+    // directory, so we create the temporary file in the /tmp directory
+    // instead. We use /tmp on most systems, and /sdcard on Android.
+    // That's because Android doesn't have /tmp.
+#  if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+    // Note: Android applications are expected to call the framework's
+    // Context.getExternalStorageDirectory() method through JNI to get
+    // the location of the world-writable SD Card directory. However,
+    // this requires a Context handle, which cannot be retrieved
+    // globally from native code. Doing so also precludes running the
+    // code as part of a regular standalone executable, which doesn't
+    // run in a Dalvik process (e.g. when running it through 'adb shell').
+    //
+    // The location /sdcard is directly accessible from native code
+    // and is the only location (unofficially) supported by the Android
+    // team. It's generally a symlink to the real SD Card mount point
+    // which can be /mnt/sdcard, /mnt/sdcard0, /system/media/sdcard, or
+    // other OEM-customized locations. Never rely on these, and always
+    // use /sdcard.
+    char name_template[] = "/sdcard/gtest_captured_stream.XXXXXX";
+#  else
+    char name_template[] = "/tmp/captured_stream.XXXXXX";
+#  endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+    const int captured_fd = mkstemp(name_template);
+    filename_ = name_template;
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+    fflush(NULL);
+    dup2(captured_fd, fd_);
+    close(captured_fd);
+  }
+
+  ~CapturedStream() {
+    remove(filename_.c_str());
+  }
+
+  std::string GetCapturedString() {
+    if (uncaptured_fd_ != -1) {
+      // Restores the original stream.
+      fflush(NULL);
+      dup2(uncaptured_fd_, fd_);
+      close(uncaptured_fd_);
+      uncaptured_fd_ = -1;
+    }
+
+    FILE* const file = posix::FOpen(filename_.c_str(), "r");
+    const std::string content = ReadEntireFile(file);
+    posix::FClose(file);
+    return content;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const int fd_;  // A stream to capture.
+  int uncaptured_fd_;
+  // Name of the temporary file holding the stderr output.
+  ::std::string filename_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(CapturedStream);
+};
+
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+
+static CapturedStream* g_captured_stderr = NULL;
+static CapturedStream* g_captured_stdout = NULL;
+
+// Starts capturing an output stream (stdout/stderr).
+void CaptureStream(int fd, const char* stream_name, CapturedStream** stream) {
+  if (*stream != NULL) {
+    GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Only one " << stream_name
+                      << " capturer can exist at a time.";
+  }
+  *stream = new CapturedStream(fd);
+}
+
+// Stops capturing the output stream and returns the captured string.
+std::string GetCapturedStream(CapturedStream** captured_stream) {
+  const std::string content = (*captured_stream)->GetCapturedString();
+
+  delete *captured_stream;
+  *captured_stream = NULL;
+
+  return content;
+}
+
+// Starts capturing stdout.
+void CaptureStdout() {
+  CaptureStream(kStdOutFileno, "stdout", &g_captured_stdout);
+}
+
+// Starts capturing stderr.
+void CaptureStderr() {
+  CaptureStream(kStdErrFileno, "stderr", &g_captured_stderr);
+}
+
+// Stops capturing stdout and returns the captured string.
+std::string GetCapturedStdout() {
+  return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stdout);
+}
+
+// Stops capturing stderr and returns the captured string.
+std::string GetCapturedStderr() {
+  return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stderr);
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
+
+std::string TempDir() {
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+  return "\\temp\\";
+#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  const char* temp_dir = posix::GetEnv("TEMP");
+  if (temp_dir == NULL || temp_dir[0] == '\0')
+    return "\\temp\\";
+  else if (temp_dir[strlen(temp_dir) - 1] == '\\')
+    return temp_dir;
+  else
+    return std::string(temp_dir) + "\\";
+#elif GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+  return "/sdcard/";
+#else
+  return "/tmp/";
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+}
+
+size_t GetFileSize(FILE* file) {
+  fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END);
+  return static_cast<size_t>(ftell(file));
+}
+
+std::string ReadEntireFile(FILE* file) {
+  const size_t file_size = GetFileSize(file);
+  char* const buffer = new char[file_size];
+
+  size_t bytes_last_read = 0;  // # of bytes read in the last fread()
+  size_t bytes_read = 0;       // # of bytes read so far
+
+  fseek(file, 0, SEEK_SET);
+
+  // Keeps reading the file until we cannot read further or the
+  // pre-determined file size is reached.
+  do {
+    bytes_last_read = fread(buffer+bytes_read, 1, file_size-bytes_read, file);
+    bytes_read += bytes_last_read;
+  } while (bytes_last_read > 0 && bytes_read < file_size);
+
+  const std::string content(buffer, bytes_read);
+  delete[] buffer;
+
+  return content;
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+static const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>* g_injected_test_argvs =
+                                        NULL;  // Owned.
+
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>* argvs) {
+  if (g_injected_test_argvs != argvs)
+    delete g_injected_test_argvs;
+  g_injected_test_argvs = argvs;
+}
+
+const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>& GetInjectableArgvs() {
+  if (g_injected_test_argvs != NULL) {
+    return *g_injected_test_argvs;
+  }
+  return GetArgvs();
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+namespace posix {
+void Abort() {
+  DebugBreak();
+  TerminateProcess(GetCurrentProcess(), 1);
+}
+}  // namespace posix
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+// Returns the name of the environment variable corresponding to the
+// given flag.  For example, FlagToEnvVar("foo") will return
+// "GTEST_FOO" in the open-source version.
+static std::string FlagToEnvVar(const char* flag) {
+  const std::string full_flag =
+      (Message() << GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ << flag).GetString();
+
+  Message env_var;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i != full_flag.length(); i++) {
+    env_var << ToUpper(full_flag.c_str()[i]);
+  }
+
+  return env_var.GetString();
+}
+
+// Parses 'str' for a 32-bit signed integer.  If successful, writes
+// the result to *value and returns true; otherwise leaves *value
+// unchanged and returns false.
+bool ParseInt32(const Message& src_text, const char* str, Int32* value) {
+  // Parses the environment variable as a decimal integer.
+  char* end = NULL;
+  const long long_value = strtol(str, &end, 10);  // NOLINT
+
+  // Has strtol() consumed all characters in the string?
+  if (*end != '\0') {
+    // No - an invalid character was encountered.
+    Message msg;
+    msg << "WARNING: " << src_text
+        << " is expected to be a 32-bit integer, but actually"
+        << " has value \"" << str << "\".\n";
+    printf("%s", msg.GetString().c_str());
+    fflush(stdout);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Is the parsed value in the range of an Int32?
+  const Int32 result = static_cast<Int32>(long_value);
+  if (long_value == LONG_MAX || long_value == LONG_MIN ||
+      // The parsed value overflows as a long.  (strtol() returns
+      // LONG_MAX or LONG_MIN when the input overflows.)
+      result != long_value
+      // The parsed value overflows as an Int32.
+      ) {
+    Message msg;
+    msg << "WARNING: " << src_text
+        << " is expected to be a 32-bit integer, but actually"
+        << " has value " << str << ", which overflows.\n";
+    printf("%s", msg.GetString().c_str());
+    fflush(stdout);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  *value = result;
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Reads and returns the Boolean environment variable corresponding to
+// the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
+//
+// The value is considered true iff it's not "0".
+bool BoolFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, bool default_value) {
+#if defined(GTEST_GET_BOOL_FROM_ENV_)
+  return GTEST_GET_BOOL_FROM_ENV_(flag, default_value);
+#endif  // defined(GTEST_GET_BOOL_FROM_ENV_)
+  const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
+  const char* const string_value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
+  return string_value == NULL ?
+      default_value : strcmp(string_value, "0") != 0;
+}
+
+// Reads and returns a 32-bit integer stored in the environment
+// variable corresponding to the given flag; if it isn't set or
+// doesn't represent a valid 32-bit integer, returns default_value.
+Int32 Int32FromGTestEnv(const char* flag, Int32 default_value) {
+#if defined(GTEST_GET_INT32_FROM_ENV_)
+  return GTEST_GET_INT32_FROM_ENV_(flag, default_value);
+#endif  // defined(GTEST_GET_INT32_FROM_ENV_)
+  const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
+  const char* const string_value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
+  if (string_value == NULL) {
+    // The environment variable is not set.
+    return default_value;
+  }
+
+  Int32 result = default_value;
+  if (!ParseInt32(Message() << "Environment variable " << env_var,
+                  string_value, &result)) {
+    printf("The default value %s is used.\n",
+           (Message() << default_value).GetString().c_str());
+    fflush(stdout);
+    return default_value;
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Reads and returns the string environment variable corresponding to
+// the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
+std::string StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_value) {
+#if defined(GTEST_GET_STRING_FROM_ENV_)
+  return GTEST_GET_STRING_FROM_ENV_(flag, default_value);
+#endif  // defined(GTEST_GET_STRING_FROM_ENV_)
+  const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
+  const char* value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
+  if (value != NULL) {
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  // As a special case for the 'output' flag, if GTEST_OUTPUT is not
+  // set, we look for XML_OUTPUT_FILE, which is set by the Bazel build
+  // system.  The value of XML_OUTPUT_FILE is a filename without the
+  // "xml:" prefix of GTEST_OUTPUT.
+  //
+  // The net priority order after flag processing is thus:
+  //   --gtest_output command line flag
+  //   GTEST_OUTPUT environment variable
+  //   XML_OUTPUT_FILE environment variable
+  //   'default_value'
+  if (strcmp(flag, "output") == 0) {
+    value = posix::GetEnv("XML_OUTPUT_FILE");
+    if (value != NULL) {
+      return std::string("xml:") + value;
+    }
+  }
+  return default_value;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace testing
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest-printers.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest-printers.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a2df412f8a20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest-printers.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+// Google Test - The Google C++ Testing Framework
+//
+// This file implements a universal value printer that can print a
+// value of any type T:
+//
+//   void ::testing::internal::UniversalPrinter<T>::Print(value, ostream_ptr);
+//
+// It uses the << operator when possible, and prints the bytes in the
+// object otherwise.  A user can override its behavior for a class
+// type Foo by defining either operator<<(::std::ostream&, const Foo&)
+// or void PrintTo(const Foo&, ::std::ostream*) in the namespace that
+// defines Foo.
+
+#include "gtest/gtest-printers.h"
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <cwchar>
+#include <ostream>  // NOLINT
+#include <string>
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+
+namespace testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+using ::std::ostream;
+
+// Prints a segment of bytes in the given object.
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
+void PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(const unsigned char* obj_bytes, size_t start,
+                                size_t count, ostream* os) {
+  char text[5] = "";
+  for (size_t i = 0; i != count; i++) {
+    const size_t j = start + i;
+    if (i != 0) {
+      // Organizes the bytes into groups of 2 for easy parsing by
+      // human.
+      if ((j % 2) == 0)
+        *os << ' ';
+      else
+        *os << '-';
+    }
+    GTEST_SNPRINTF_(text, sizeof(text), "%02X", obj_bytes[j]);
+    *os << text;
+  }
+}
+
+// Prints the bytes in the given value to the given ostream.
+void PrintBytesInObjectToImpl(const unsigned char* obj_bytes, size_t count,
+                              ostream* os) {
+  // Tells the user how big the object is.
+  *os << count << "-byte object <";
+
+  const size_t kThreshold = 132;
+  const size_t kChunkSize = 64;
+  // If the object size is bigger than kThreshold, we'll have to omit
+  // some details by printing only the first and the last kChunkSize
+  // bytes.
+  // TODO(wan): let the user control the threshold using a flag.
+  if (count < kThreshold) {
+    PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(obj_bytes, 0, count, os);
+  } else {
+    PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(obj_bytes, 0, kChunkSize, os);
+    *os << " ... ";
+    // Rounds up to 2-byte boundary.
+    const size_t resume_pos = (count - kChunkSize + 1)/2*2;
+    PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(obj_bytes, resume_pos, count - resume_pos, os);
+  }
+  *os << ">";
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+namespace internal2 {
+
+// Delegates to PrintBytesInObjectToImpl() to print the bytes in the
+// given object.  The delegation simplifies the implementation, which
+// uses the << operator and thus is easier done outside of the
+// ::testing::internal namespace, which contains a << operator that
+// sometimes conflicts with the one in STL.
+void PrintBytesInObjectTo(const unsigned char* obj_bytes, size_t count,
+                          ostream* os) {
+  PrintBytesInObjectToImpl(obj_bytes, count, os);
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal2
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// Depending on the value of a char (or wchar_t), we print it in one
+// of three formats:
+//   - as is if it's a printable ASCII (e.g. 'a', '2', ' '),
+//   - as a hexidecimal escape sequence (e.g. '\x7F'), or
+//   - as a special escape sequence (e.g. '\r', '\n').
+enum CharFormat {
+  kAsIs,
+  kHexEscape,
+  kSpecialEscape
+};
+
+// Returns true if c is a printable ASCII character.  We test the
+// value of c directly instead of calling isprint(), which is buggy on
+// Windows Mobile.
+inline bool IsPrintableAscii(wchar_t c) {
+  return 0x20 <= c && c <= 0x7E;
+}
+
+// Prints a wide or narrow char c as a character literal without the
+// quotes, escaping it when necessary; returns how c was formatted.
+// The template argument UnsignedChar is the unsigned version of Char,
+// which is the type of c.
+template <typename UnsignedChar, typename Char>
+static CharFormat PrintAsCharLiteralTo(Char c, ostream* os) {
+  switch (static_cast<wchar_t>(c)) {
+    case L'\0':
+      *os << "\\0";
+      break;
+    case L'\'':
+      *os << "\\'";
+      break;
+    case L'\\':
+      *os << "\\\\";
+      break;
+    case L'\a':
+      *os << "\\a";
+      break;
+    case L'\b':
+      *os << "\\b";
+      break;
+    case L'\f':
+      *os << "\\f";
+      break;
+    case L'\n':
+      *os << "\\n";
+      break;
+    case L'\r':
+      *os << "\\r";
+      break;
+    case L'\t':
+      *os << "\\t";
+      break;
+    case L'\v':
+      *os << "\\v";
+      break;
+    default:
+      if (IsPrintableAscii(c)) {
+        *os << static_cast<char>(c);
+        return kAsIs;
+      } else {
+        *os << "\\x" + String::FormatHexInt(static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c));
+        return kHexEscape;
+      }
+  }
+  return kSpecialEscape;
+}
+
+// Prints a wchar_t c as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when
+// necessary; returns how c was formatted.
+static CharFormat PrintAsStringLiteralTo(wchar_t c, ostream* os) {
+  switch (c) {
+    case L'\'':
+      *os << "'";
+      return kAsIs;
+    case L'"':
+      *os << "\\\"";
+      return kSpecialEscape;
+    default:
+      return PrintAsCharLiteralTo<wchar_t>(c, os);
+  }
+}
+
+// Prints a char c as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when
+// necessary; returns how c was formatted.
+static CharFormat PrintAsStringLiteralTo(char c, ostream* os) {
+  return PrintAsStringLiteralTo(
+      static_cast<wchar_t>(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)), os);
+}
+
+// Prints a wide or narrow character c and its code.  '\0' is printed
+// as "'\\0'", other unprintable characters are also properly escaped
+// using the standard C++ escape sequence.  The template argument
+// UnsignedChar is the unsigned version of Char, which is the type of c.
+template <typename UnsignedChar, typename Char>
+void PrintCharAndCodeTo(Char c, ostream* os) {
+  // First, print c as a literal in the most readable form we can find.
+  *os << ((sizeof(c) > 1) ? "L'" : "'");
+  const CharFormat format = PrintAsCharLiteralTo<UnsignedChar>(c, os);
+  *os << "'";
+
+  // To aid user debugging, we also print c's code in decimal, unless
+  // it's 0 (in which case c was printed as '\\0', making the code
+  // obvious).
+  if (c == 0)
+    return;
+  *os << " (" << static_cast<int>(c);
+
+  // For more convenience, we print c's code again in hexidecimal,
+  // unless c was already printed in the form '\x##' or the code is in
+  // [1, 9].
+  if (format == kHexEscape || (1 <= c && c <= 9)) {
+    // Do nothing.
+  } else {
+    *os << ", 0x" << String::FormatHexInt(static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c));
+  }
+  *os << ")";
+}
+
+void PrintTo(unsigned char c, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintCharAndCodeTo<unsigned char>(c, os);
+}
+void PrintTo(signed char c, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintCharAndCodeTo<unsigned char>(c, os);
+}
+
+// Prints a wchar_t as a symbol if it is printable or as its internal
+// code otherwise and also as its code.  L'\0' is printed as "L'\\0'".
+void PrintTo(wchar_t wc, ostream* os) {
+  PrintCharAndCodeTo<wchar_t>(wc, os);
+}
+
+// Prints the given array of characters to the ostream.  CharType must be either
+// char or wchar_t.
+// The array starts at begin, the length is len, it may include '\0' characters
+// and may not be NUL-terminated.
+template <typename CharType>
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
+static void PrintCharsAsStringTo(
+    const CharType* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
+  const char* const kQuoteBegin = sizeof(CharType) == 1 ? "\"" : "L\"";
+  *os << kQuoteBegin;
+  bool is_previous_hex = false;
+  for (size_t index = 0; index < len; ++index) {
+    const CharType cur = begin[index];
+    if (is_previous_hex && IsXDigit(cur)) {
+      // Previous character is of '\x..' form and this character can be
+      // interpreted as another hexadecimal digit in its number. Break string to
+      // disambiguate.
+      *os << "\" " << kQuoteBegin;
+    }
+    is_previous_hex = PrintAsStringLiteralTo(cur, os) == kHexEscape;
+  }
+  *os << "\"";
+}
+
+// Prints a (const) char/wchar_t array of 'len' elements, starting at address
+// 'begin'.  CharType must be either char or wchar_t.
+template <typename CharType>
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
+static void UniversalPrintCharArray(
+    const CharType* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
+  // The code
+  //   const char kFoo[] = "foo";
+  // generates an array of 4, not 3, elements, with the last one being '\0'.
+  //
+  // Therefore when printing a char array, we don't print the last element if
+  // it's '\0', such that the output matches the string literal as it's
+  // written in the source code.
+  if (len > 0 && begin[len - 1] == '\0') {
+    PrintCharsAsStringTo(begin, len - 1, os);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // If, however, the last element in the array is not '\0', e.g.
+  //    const char kFoo[] = { 'f', 'o', 'o' };
+  // we must print the entire array.  We also print a message to indicate
+  // that the array is not NUL-terminated.
+  PrintCharsAsStringTo(begin, len, os);
+  *os << " (no terminating NUL)";
+}
+
+// Prints a (const) char array of 'len' elements, starting at address 'begin'.
+void UniversalPrintArray(const char* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
+  UniversalPrintCharArray(begin, len, os);
+}
+
+// Prints a (const) wchar_t array of 'len' elements, starting at address
+// 'begin'.
+void UniversalPrintArray(const wchar_t* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
+  UniversalPrintCharArray(begin, len, os);
+}
+
+// Prints the given C string to the ostream.
+void PrintTo(const char* s, ostream* os) {
+  if (s == NULL) {
+    *os << "NULL";
+  } else {
+    *os << ImplicitCast_<const void*>(s) << " pointing to ";
+    PrintCharsAsStringTo(s, strlen(s), os);
+  }
+}
+
+// MSVC compiler can be configured to define whar_t as a typedef
+// of unsigned short. Defining an overload for const wchar_t* in that case
+// would cause pointers to unsigned shorts be printed as wide strings,
+// possibly accessing more memory than intended and causing invalid
+// memory accesses. MSVC defines _NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED symbol when
+// wchar_t is implemented as a native type.
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED)
+// Prints the given wide C string to the ostream.
+void PrintTo(const wchar_t* s, ostream* os) {
+  if (s == NULL) {
+    *os << "NULL";
+  } else {
+    *os << ImplicitCast_<const void*>(s) << " pointing to ";
+    PrintCharsAsStringTo(s, std::wcslen(s), os);
+  }
+}
+#endif  // wchar_t is native
+
+// Prints a ::string object.
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+void PrintStringTo(const ::string& s, ostream* os) {
+  PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+void PrintStringTo(const ::std::string& s, ostream* os) {
+  PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
+}
+
+// Prints a ::wstring object.
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+void PrintWideStringTo(const ::wstring& s, ostream* os) {
+  PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+void PrintWideStringTo(const ::std::wstring& s, ostream* os) {
+  PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+}  // namespace testing
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest-test-part.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest-test-part.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fb0e35425e1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest-test-part.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: mheule@google.com (Markus Heule)
+//
+// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+
+#include "gtest/gtest-test-part.h"
+
+// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
+// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
+// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick exists to
+// prevent the accidental inclusion of gtest-internal-inl.h in the
+// user's code.
+#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
+#include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
+#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
+
+namespace testing {
+
+using internal::GetUnitTestImpl;
+
+// Gets the summary of the failure message by omitting the stack trace
+// in it.
+std::string TestPartResult::ExtractSummary(const char* message) {
+  const char* const stack_trace = strstr(message, internal::kStackTraceMarker);
+  return stack_trace == NULL ? message :
+      std::string(message, stack_trace);
+}
+
+// Prints a TestPartResult object.
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const TestPartResult& result) {
+  return os
+      << result.file_name() << ":" << result.line_number() << ": "
+      << (result.type() == TestPartResult::kSuccess ? "Success" :
+          result.type() == TestPartResult::kFatalFailure ? "Fatal failure" :
+          "Non-fatal failure") << ":\n"
+      << result.message() << std::endl;
+}
+
+// Appends a TestPartResult to the array.
+void TestPartResultArray::Append(const TestPartResult& result) {
+  array_.push_back(result);
+}
+
+// Returns the TestPartResult at the given index (0-based).
+const TestPartResult& TestPartResultArray::GetTestPartResult(int index) const {
+  if (index < 0 || index >= size()) {
+    printf("\nInvalid index (%d) into TestPartResultArray.\n", index);
+    internal::posix::Abort();
+  }
+
+  return array_[index];
+}
+
+// Returns the number of TestPartResult objects in the array.
+int TestPartResultArray::size() const {
+  return static_cast<int>(array_.size());
+}
+
+namespace internal {
+
+HasNewFatalFailureHelper::HasNewFatalFailureHelper()
+    : has_new_fatal_failure_(false),
+      original_reporter_(GetUnitTestImpl()->
+                         GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread()) {
+  GetUnitTestImpl()->SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(this);
+}
+
+HasNewFatalFailureHelper::~HasNewFatalFailureHelper() {
+  GetUnitTestImpl()->SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(
+      original_reporter_);
+}
+
+void HasNewFatalFailureHelper::ReportTestPartResult(
+    const TestPartResult& result) {
+  if (result.fatally_failed())
+    has_new_fatal_failure_ = true;
+  original_reporter_->ReportTestPartResult(result);
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+}  // namespace testing
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest-typed-test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest-typed-test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..df1eef4754ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest-typed-test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+// All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+#include "gtest/gtest-typed-test.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace testing {
+namespace internal {
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
+
+// Skips to the first non-space char in str. Returns an empty string if str
+// contains only whitespace characters.
+static const char* SkipSpaces(const char* str) {
+  while (IsSpace(*str))
+    str++;
+  return str;
+}
+
+static std::vector<std::string> SplitIntoTestNames(const char* src) {
+  std::vector<std::string> name_vec;
+  src = SkipSpaces(src);
+  for (; src != NULL; src = SkipComma(src)) {
+    name_vec.push_back(StripTrailingSpaces(GetPrefixUntilComma(src)));
+  }
+  return name_vec;
+}
+
+// Verifies that registered_tests match the test names in
+// registered_tests_; returns registered_tests if successful, or
+// aborts the program otherwise.
+const char* TypedTestCasePState::VerifyRegisteredTestNames(
+    const char* file, int line, const char* registered_tests) {
+  typedef RegisteredTestsMap::const_iterator RegisteredTestIter;
+  registered_ = true;
+
+  std::vector<std::string> name_vec = SplitIntoTestNames(registered_tests);
+
+  Message errors;
+
+  std::set<std::string> tests;
+  for (std::vector<std::string>::const_iterator name_it = name_vec.begin();
+       name_it != name_vec.end(); ++name_it) {
+    const std::string& name = *name_it;
+    if (tests.count(name) != 0) {
+      errors << "Test " << name << " is listed more than once.\n";
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    bool found = false;
+    for (RegisteredTestIter it = registered_tests_.begin();
+         it != registered_tests_.end();
+         ++it) {
+      if (name == it->first) {
+        found = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (found) {
+      tests.insert(name);
+    } else {
+      errors << "No test named " << name
+             << " can be found in this test case.\n";
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (RegisteredTestIter it = registered_tests_.begin();
+       it != registered_tests_.end();
+       ++it) {
+    if (tests.count(it->first) == 0) {
+      errors << "You forgot to list test " << it->first << ".\n";
+    }
+  }
+
+  const std::string& errors_str = errors.GetString();
+  if (errors_str != "") {
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s %s", FormatFileLocation(file, line).c_str(),
+            errors_str.c_str());
+    fflush(stderr);
+    posix::Abort();
+  }
+
+  return registered_tests;
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace testing
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d882ab2e36a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,5388 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+//
+// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/custom/gtest.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <wchar.h>
+#include <wctype.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <limits>
+#include <list>
+#include <map>
+#include <ostream>  // NOLINT
+#include <sstream>
+#include <vector>
+
+#if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+
+// TODO(kenton@google.com): Use autoconf to detect availability of
+// gettimeofday().
+# define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
+
+# include <fcntl.h>  // NOLINT
+# include <limits.h>  // NOLINT
+# include <sched.h>  // NOLINT
+// Declares vsnprintf().  This header is not available on Windows.
+# include <strings.h>  // NOLINT
+# include <sys/mman.h>  // NOLINT
+# include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT
+# include <unistd.h>  // NOLINT
+# include <string>
+
+#elif GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+# define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
+# include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT
+
+#elif GTEST_OS_ZOS
+# define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
+# include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT
+
+// On z/OS we additionally need strings.h for strcasecmp.
+# include <strings.h>  // NOLINT
+
+#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE  // We are on Windows CE.
+
+# include <windows.h>  // NOLINT
+# undef min
+
+#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS  // We are on Windows proper.
+
+# include <io.h>  // NOLINT
+# include <sys/timeb.h>  // NOLINT
+# include <sys/types.h>  // NOLINT
+# include <sys/stat.h>  // NOLINT
+
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
+// MinGW has gettimeofday() but not _ftime64().
+// TODO(kenton@google.com): Use autoconf to detect availability of
+//   gettimeofday().
+// TODO(kenton@google.com): There are other ways to get the time on
+//   Windows, like GetTickCount() or GetSystemTimeAsFileTime().  MinGW
+//   supports these.  consider using them instead.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
+#  include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
+
+// cpplint thinks that the header is already included, so we want to
+// silence it.
+# include <windows.h>  // NOLINT
+# undef min
+
+#else
+
+// Assume other platforms have gettimeofday().
+// TODO(kenton@google.com): Use autoconf to detect availability of
+//   gettimeofday().
+# define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
+
+// cpplint thinks that the header is already included, so we want to
+// silence it.
+# include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT
+# include <unistd.h>  // NOLINT
+
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+# include <stdexcept>
+#endif
+
+#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+# include <arpa/inet.h>  // NOLINT
+# include <netdb.h>  // NOLINT
+# include <sys/socket.h>  // NOLINT
+# include <sys/types.h>  // NOLINT
+#endif
+
+// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
+// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
+// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
+// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
+// his code.
+#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
+#include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
+#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# define vsnprintf _vsnprintf
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+namespace testing {
+
+using internal::CountIf;
+using internal::ForEach;
+using internal::GetElementOr;
+using internal::Shuffle;
+
+// Constants.
+
+// A test whose test case name or test name matches this filter is
+// disabled and not run.
+static const char kDisableTestFilter[] = "DISABLED_*:*/DISABLED_*";
+
+// A test case whose name matches this filter is considered a death
+// test case and will be run before test cases whose name doesn't
+// match this filter.
+static const char kDeathTestCaseFilter[] = "*DeathTest:*DeathTest/*";
+
+// A test filter that matches everything.
+static const char kUniversalFilter[] = "*";
+
+// The default output file for XML output.
+static const char kDefaultOutputFile[] = "test_detail.xml";
+
+// The environment variable name for the test shard index.
+static const char kTestShardIndex[] = "GTEST_SHARD_INDEX";
+// The environment variable name for the total number of test shards.
+static const char kTestTotalShards[] = "GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS";
+// The environment variable name for the test shard status file.
+static const char kTestShardStatusFile[] = "GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE";
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// The text used in failure messages to indicate the start of the
+// stack trace.
+const char kStackTraceMarker[] = "\nStack trace:\n";
+
+// g_help_flag is true iff the --help flag or an equivalent form is
+// specified on the command line.
+bool g_help_flag = false;
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+static const char* GetDefaultFilter() {
+#ifdef GTEST_TEST_FILTER_ENV_VAR_
+  const char* const testbridge_test_only = getenv(GTEST_TEST_FILTER_ENV_VAR_);
+  if (testbridge_test_only != NULL) {
+    return testbridge_test_only;
+  }
+#endif  // GTEST_TEST_FILTER_ENV_VAR_
+  return kUniversalFilter;
+}
+
+GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
+    also_run_disabled_tests,
+    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("also_run_disabled_tests", false),
+    "Run disabled tests too, in addition to the tests normally being run.");
+
+GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
+    break_on_failure,
+    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("break_on_failure", false),
+    "True iff a failed assertion should be a debugger break-point.");
+
+GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
+    catch_exceptions,
+    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("catch_exceptions", true),
+    "True iff " GTEST_NAME_
+    " should catch exceptions and treat them as test failures.");
+
+GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
+    color,
+    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("color", "auto"),
+    "Whether to use colors in the output.  Valid values: yes, no, "
+    "and auto.  'auto' means to use colors if the output is "
+    "being sent to a terminal and the TERM environment variable "
+    "is set to a terminal type that supports colors.");
+
+GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
+    filter,
+    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("filter", GetDefaultFilter()),
+    "A colon-separated list of glob (not regex) patterns "
+    "for filtering the tests to run, optionally followed by a "
+    "'-' and a : separated list of negative patterns (tests to "
+    "exclude).  A test is run if it matches one of the positive "
+    "patterns and does not match any of the negative patterns.");
+
+GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(list_tests, false,
+                   "List all tests without running them.");
+
+GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
+    output,
+    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("output", ""),
+    "A format (currently must be \"xml\"), optionally followed "
+    "by a colon and an output file name or directory. A directory "
+    "is indicated by a trailing pathname separator. "
+    "Examples: \"xml:filename.xml\", \"xml::directoryname/\". "
+    "If a directory is specified, output files will be created "
+    "within that directory, with file-names based on the test "
+    "executable's name and, if necessary, made unique by adding "
+    "digits.");
+
+GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
+    print_time,
+    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("print_time", true),
+    "True iff " GTEST_NAME_
+    " should display elapsed time in text output.");
+
+GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(
+    random_seed,
+    internal::Int32FromGTestEnv("random_seed", 0),
+    "Random number seed to use when shuffling test orders.  Must be in range "
+    "[1, 99999], or 0 to use a seed based on the current time.");
+
+GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(
+    repeat,
+    internal::Int32FromGTestEnv("repeat", 1),
+    "How many times to repeat each test.  Specify a negative number "
+    "for repeating forever.  Useful for shaking out flaky tests.");
+
+GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
+    show_internal_stack_frames, false,
+    "True iff " GTEST_NAME_ " should include internal stack frames when "
+    "printing test failure stack traces.");
+
+GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
+    shuffle,
+    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("shuffle", false),
+    "True iff " GTEST_NAME_
+    " should randomize tests' order on every run.");
+
+GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(
+    stack_trace_depth,
+    internal::Int32FromGTestEnv("stack_trace_depth", kMaxStackTraceDepth),
+    "The maximum number of stack frames to print when an "
+    "assertion fails.  The valid range is 0 through 100, inclusive.");
+
+GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
+    stream_result_to,
+    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("stream_result_to", ""),
+    "This flag specifies the host name and the port number on which to stream "
+    "test results. Example: \"localhost:555\". The flag is effective only on "
+    "Linux.");
+
+GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
+    throw_on_failure,
+    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("throw_on_failure", false),
+    "When this flag is specified, a failed assertion will throw an exception "
+    "if exceptions are enabled or exit the program with a non-zero code "
+    "otherwise.");
+
+#if GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
+GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
+    flagfile,
+    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("flagfile", ""),
+    "This flag specifies the flagfile to read command-line flags from.");
+#endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// Generates a random number from [0, range), using a Linear
+// Congruential Generator (LCG).  Crashes if 'range' is 0 or greater
+// than kMaxRange.
+UInt32 Random::Generate(UInt32 range) {
+  // These constants are the same as are used in glibc's rand(3).
+  state_ = (1103515245U*state_ + 12345U) % kMaxRange;
+
+  GTEST_CHECK_(range > 0)
+      << "Cannot generate a number in the range [0, 0).";
+  GTEST_CHECK_(range <= kMaxRange)
+      << "Generation of a number in [0, " << range << ") was requested, "
+      << "but this can only generate numbers in [0, " << kMaxRange << ").";
+
+  // Converting via modulus introduces a bit of downward bias, but
+  // it's simple, and a linear congruential generator isn't too good
+  // to begin with.
+  return state_ % range;
+}
+
+// GTestIsInitialized() returns true iff the user has initialized
+// Google Test.  Useful for catching the user mistake of not initializing
+// Google Test before calling RUN_ALL_TESTS().
+static bool GTestIsInitialized() { return GetArgvs().size() > 0; }
+
+// Iterates over a vector of TestCases, keeping a running sum of the
+// results of calling a given int-returning method on each.
+// Returns the sum.
+static int SumOverTestCaseList(const std::vector<TestCase*>& case_list,
+                               int (TestCase::*method)() const) {
+  int sum = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < case_list.size(); i++) {
+    sum += (case_list[i]->*method)();
+  }
+  return sum;
+}
+
+// Returns true iff the test case passed.
+static bool TestCasePassed(const TestCase* test_case) {
+  return test_case->should_run() && test_case->Passed();
+}
+
+// Returns true iff the test case failed.
+static bool TestCaseFailed(const TestCase* test_case) {
+  return test_case->should_run() && test_case->Failed();
+}
+
+// Returns true iff test_case contains at least one test that should
+// run.
+static bool ShouldRunTestCase(const TestCase* test_case) {
+  return test_case->should_run();
+}
+
+// AssertHelper constructor.
+AssertHelper::AssertHelper(TestPartResult::Type type,
+                           const char* file,
+                           int line,
+                           const char* message)
+    : data_(new AssertHelperData(type, file, line, message)) {
+}
+
+AssertHelper::~AssertHelper() {
+  delete data_;
+}
+
+// Message assignment, for assertion streaming support.
+void AssertHelper::operator=(const Message& message) const {
+  UnitTest::GetInstance()->
+    AddTestPartResult(data_->type, data_->file, data_->line,
+                      AppendUserMessage(data_->message, message),
+                      UnitTest::GetInstance()->impl()
+                      ->CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(1)
+                      // Skips the stack frame for this function itself.
+                      );  // NOLINT
+}
+
+// Mutex for linked pointers.
+GTEST_API_ GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_linked_ptr_mutex);
+
+// A copy of all command line arguments.  Set by InitGoogleTest().
+::std::vector<testing::internal::string> g_argvs;
+
+const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>& GetArgvs() {
+#if defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_)
+  return GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_();
+#else  // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_)
+  return g_argvs;
+#endif  // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_)
+}
+
+// Returns the current application's name, removing directory path if that
+// is present.
+FilePath GetCurrentExecutableName() {
+  FilePath result;
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  result.Set(FilePath(GetArgvs()[0]).RemoveExtension("exe"));
+#else
+  result.Set(FilePath(GetArgvs()[0]));
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+  return result.RemoveDirectoryName();
+}
+
+// Functions for processing the gtest_output flag.
+
+// Returns the output format, or "" for normal printed output.
+std::string UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat() {
+  const char* const gtest_output_flag = GTEST_FLAG(output).c_str();
+  if (gtest_output_flag == NULL) return std::string("");
+
+  const char* const colon = strchr(gtest_output_flag, ':');
+  return (colon == NULL) ?
+      std::string(gtest_output_flag) :
+      std::string(gtest_output_flag, colon - gtest_output_flag);
+}
+
+// Returns the name of the requested output file, or the default if none
+// was explicitly specified.
+std::string UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile() {
+  const char* const gtest_output_flag = GTEST_FLAG(output).c_str();
+  if (gtest_output_flag == NULL)
+    return "";
+
+  const char* const colon = strchr(gtest_output_flag, ':');
+  if (colon == NULL)
+    return internal::FilePath::ConcatPaths(
+        internal::FilePath(
+            UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir()),
+        internal::FilePath(kDefaultOutputFile)).string();
+
+  internal::FilePath output_name(colon + 1);
+  if (!output_name.IsAbsolutePath())
+    // TODO(wan@google.com): on Windows \some\path is not an absolute
+    // path (as its meaning depends on the current drive), yet the
+    // following logic for turning it into an absolute path is wrong.
+    // Fix it.
+    output_name = internal::FilePath::ConcatPaths(
+        internal::FilePath(UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir()),
+        internal::FilePath(colon + 1));
+
+  if (!output_name.IsDirectory())
+    return output_name.string();
+
+  internal::FilePath result(internal::FilePath::GenerateUniqueFileName(
+      output_name, internal::GetCurrentExecutableName(),
+      GetOutputFormat().c_str()));
+  return result.string();
+}
+
+// Returns true iff the wildcard pattern matches the string.  The
+// first ':' or '\0' character in pattern marks the end of it.
+//
+// This recursive algorithm isn't very efficient, but is clear and
+// works well enough for matching test names, which are short.
+bool UnitTestOptions::PatternMatchesString(const char *pattern,
+                                           const char *str) {
+  switch (*pattern) {
+    case '\0':
+    case ':':  // Either ':' or '\0' marks the end of the pattern.
+      return *str == '\0';
+    case '?':  // Matches any single character.
+      return *str != '\0' && PatternMatchesString(pattern + 1, str + 1);
+    case '*':  // Matches any string (possibly empty) of characters.
+      return (*str != '\0' && PatternMatchesString(pattern, str + 1)) ||
+          PatternMatchesString(pattern + 1, str);
+    default:  // Non-special character.  Matches itself.
+      return *pattern == *str &&
+          PatternMatchesString(pattern + 1, str + 1);
+  }
+}
+
+bool UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(
+    const std::string& name, const char* filter) {
+  const char *cur_pattern = filter;
+  for (;;) {
+    if (PatternMatchesString(cur_pattern, name.c_str())) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    // Finds the next pattern in the filter.
+    cur_pattern = strchr(cur_pattern, ':');
+
+    // Returns if no more pattern can be found.
+    if (cur_pattern == NULL) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Skips the pattern separater (the ':' character).
+    cur_pattern++;
+  }
+}
+
+// Returns true iff the user-specified filter matches the test case
+// name and the test name.
+bool UnitTestOptions::FilterMatchesTest(const std::string &test_case_name,
+                                        const std::string &test_name) {
+  const std::string& full_name = test_case_name + "." + test_name.c_str();
+
+  // Split --gtest_filter at '-', if there is one, to separate into
+  // positive filter and negative filter portions
+  const char* const p = GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str();
+  const char* const dash = strchr(p, '-');
+  std::string positive;
+  std::string negative;
+  if (dash == NULL) {
+    positive = GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str();  // Whole string is a positive filter
+    negative = "";
+  } else {
+    positive = std::string(p, dash);   // Everything up to the dash
+    negative = std::string(dash + 1);  // Everything after the dash
+    if (positive.empty()) {
+      // Treat '-test1' as the same as '*-test1'
+      positive = kUniversalFilter;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // A filter is a colon-separated list of patterns.  It matches a
+  // test if any pattern in it matches the test.
+  return (MatchesFilter(full_name, positive.c_str()) &&
+          !MatchesFilter(full_name, negative.c_str()));
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_SEH
+// Returns EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER if Google Test should handle the
+// given SEH exception, or EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH otherwise.
+// This function is useful as an __except condition.
+int UnitTestOptions::GTestShouldProcessSEH(DWORD exception_code) {
+  // Google Test should handle a SEH exception if:
+  //   1. the user wants it to, AND
+  //   2. this is not a breakpoint exception, AND
+  //   3. this is not a C++ exception (VC++ implements them via SEH,
+  //      apparently).
+  //
+  // SEH exception code for C++ exceptions.
+  // (see http://support.microsoft.com/kb/185294 for more information).
+  const DWORD kCxxExceptionCode = 0xe06d7363;
+
+  bool should_handle = true;
+
+  if (!GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions))
+    should_handle = false;
+  else if (exception_code == EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT)
+    should_handle = false;
+  else if (exception_code == kCxxExceptionCode)
+    should_handle = false;
+
+  return should_handle ? EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER : EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// The c'tor sets this object as the test part result reporter used by
+// Google Test.  The 'result' parameter specifies where to report the
+// results. Intercepts only failures from the current thread.
+ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter(
+    TestPartResultArray* result)
+    : intercept_mode_(INTERCEPT_ONLY_CURRENT_THREAD),
+      result_(result) {
+  Init();
+}
+
+// The c'tor sets this object as the test part result reporter used by
+// Google Test.  The 'result' parameter specifies where to report the
+// results.
+ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter(
+    InterceptMode intercept_mode, TestPartResultArray* result)
+    : intercept_mode_(intercept_mode),
+      result_(result) {
+  Init();
+}
+
+void ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::Init() {
+  internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
+  if (intercept_mode_ == INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS) {
+    old_reporter_ = impl->GetGlobalTestPartResultReporter();
+    impl->SetGlobalTestPartResultReporter(this);
+  } else {
+    old_reporter_ = impl->GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread();
+    impl->SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(this);
+  }
+}
+
+// The d'tor restores the test part result reporter used by Google Test
+// before.
+ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::~ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter() {
+  internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
+  if (intercept_mode_ == INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS) {
+    impl->SetGlobalTestPartResultReporter(old_reporter_);
+  } else {
+    impl->SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(old_reporter_);
+  }
+}
+
+// Increments the test part result count and remembers the result.
+// This method is from the TestPartResultReporterInterface interface.
+void ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::ReportTestPartResult(
+    const TestPartResult& result) {
+  result_->Append(result);
+}
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// Returns the type ID of ::testing::Test.  We should always call this
+// instead of GetTypeId< ::testing::Test>() to get the type ID of
+// testing::Test.  This is to work around a suspected linker bug when
+// using Google Test as a framework on Mac OS X.  The bug causes
+// GetTypeId< ::testing::Test>() to return different values depending
+// on whether the call is from the Google Test framework itself or
+// from user test code.  GetTestTypeId() is guaranteed to always
+// return the same value, as it always calls GetTypeId<>() from the
+// gtest.cc, which is within the Google Test framework.
+TypeId GetTestTypeId() {
+  return GetTypeId<Test>();
+}
+
+// The value of GetTestTypeId() as seen from within the Google Test
+// library.  This is solely for testing GetTestTypeId().
+extern const TypeId kTestTypeIdInGoogleTest = GetTestTypeId();
+
+// This predicate-formatter checks that 'results' contains a test part
+// failure of the given type and that the failure message contains the
+// given substring.
+AssertionResult HasOneFailure(const char* /* results_expr */,
+                              const char* /* type_expr */,
+                              const char* /* substr_expr */,
+                              const TestPartResultArray& results,
+                              TestPartResult::Type type,
+                              const string& substr) {
+  const std::string expected(type == TestPartResult::kFatalFailure ?
+                        "1 fatal failure" :
+                        "1 non-fatal failure");
+  Message msg;
+  if (results.size() != 1) {
+    msg << "Expected: " << expected << "\n"
+        << "  Actual: " << results.size() << " failures";
+    for (int i = 0; i < results.size(); i++) {
+      msg << "\n" << results.GetTestPartResult(i);
+    }
+    return AssertionFailure() << msg;
+  }
+
+  const TestPartResult& r = results.GetTestPartResult(0);
+  if (r.type() != type) {
+    return AssertionFailure() << "Expected: " << expected << "\n"
+                              << "  Actual:\n"
+                              << r;
+  }
+
+  if (strstr(r.message(), substr.c_str()) == NULL) {
+    return AssertionFailure() << "Expected: " << expected << " containing \""
+                              << substr << "\"\n"
+                              << "  Actual:\n"
+                              << r;
+  }
+
+  return AssertionSuccess();
+}
+
+// The constructor of SingleFailureChecker remembers where to look up
+// test part results, what type of failure we expect, and what
+// substring the failure message should contain.
+SingleFailureChecker:: SingleFailureChecker(
+    const TestPartResultArray* results,
+    TestPartResult::Type type,
+    const string& substr)
+    : results_(results),
+      type_(type),
+      substr_(substr) {}
+
+// The destructor of SingleFailureChecker verifies that the given
+// TestPartResultArray contains exactly one failure that has the given
+// type and contains the given substring.  If that's not the case, a
+// non-fatal failure will be generated.
+SingleFailureChecker::~SingleFailureChecker() {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3(HasOneFailure, *results_, type_, substr_);
+}
+
+DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter::DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter(
+    UnitTestImpl* unit_test) : unit_test_(unit_test) {}
+
+void DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter::ReportTestPartResult(
+    const TestPartResult& result) {
+  unit_test_->current_test_result()->AddTestPartResult(result);
+  unit_test_->listeners()->repeater()->OnTestPartResult(result);
+}
+
+DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter::DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter(
+    UnitTestImpl* unit_test) : unit_test_(unit_test) {}
+
+void DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter::ReportTestPartResult(
+    const TestPartResult& result) {
+  unit_test_->GetGlobalTestPartResultReporter()->ReportTestPartResult(result);
+}
+
+// Returns the global test part result reporter.
+TestPartResultReporterInterface*
+UnitTestImpl::GetGlobalTestPartResultReporter() {
+  internal::MutexLock lock(&global_test_part_result_reporter_mutex_);
+  return global_test_part_result_repoter_;
+}
+
+// Sets the global test part result reporter.
+void UnitTestImpl::SetGlobalTestPartResultReporter(
+    TestPartResultReporterInterface* reporter) {
+  internal::MutexLock lock(&global_test_part_result_reporter_mutex_);
+  global_test_part_result_repoter_ = reporter;
+}
+
+// Returns the test part result reporter for the current thread.
+TestPartResultReporterInterface*
+UnitTestImpl::GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread() {
+  return per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_.get();
+}
+
+// Sets the test part result reporter for the current thread.
+void UnitTestImpl::SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(
+    TestPartResultReporterInterface* reporter) {
+  per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_.set(reporter);
+}
+
+// Gets the number of successful test cases.
+int UnitTestImpl::successful_test_case_count() const {
+  return CountIf(test_cases_, TestCasePassed);
+}
+
+// Gets the number of failed test cases.
+int UnitTestImpl::failed_test_case_count() const {
+  return CountIf(test_cases_, TestCaseFailed);
+}
+
+// Gets the number of all test cases.
+int UnitTestImpl::total_test_case_count() const {
+  return static_cast<int>(test_cases_.size());
+}
+
+// Gets the number of all test cases that contain at least one test
+// that should run.
+int UnitTestImpl::test_case_to_run_count() const {
+  return CountIf(test_cases_, ShouldRunTestCase);
+}
+
+// Gets the number of successful tests.
+int UnitTestImpl::successful_test_count() const {
+  return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::successful_test_count);
+}
+
+// Gets the number of failed tests.
+int UnitTestImpl::failed_test_count() const {
+  return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::failed_test_count);
+}
+
+// Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
+int UnitTestImpl::reportable_disabled_test_count() const {
+  return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_,
+                             &TestCase::reportable_disabled_test_count);
+}
+
+// Gets the number of disabled tests.
+int UnitTestImpl::disabled_test_count() const {
+  return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::disabled_test_count);
+}
+
+// Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
+int UnitTestImpl::reportable_test_count() const {
+  return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::reportable_test_count);
+}
+
+// Gets the number of all tests.
+int UnitTestImpl::total_test_count() const {
+  return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::total_test_count);
+}
+
+// Gets the number of tests that should run.
+int UnitTestImpl::test_to_run_count() const {
+  return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::test_to_run_count);
+}
+
+// Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
+//
+// The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
+// the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
+// specifies the number of top frames to be skipped, which doesn't
+// count against the number of frames to be included.
+//
+// For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
+// CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(1), Foo() will be included in the
+// trace but Bar() and CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
+std::string UnitTestImpl::CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(int skip_count) {
+  return os_stack_trace_getter()->CurrentStackTrace(
+      static_cast<int>(GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth)),
+      skip_count + 1
+      // Skips the user-specified number of frames plus this function
+      // itself.
+      );  // NOLINT
+}
+
+// Returns the current time in milliseconds.
+TimeInMillis GetTimeInMillis() {
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || defined(__BORLANDC__)
+  // Difference between 1970-01-01 and 1601-01-01 in milliseconds.
+  // http://analogous.blogspot.com/2005/04/epoch.html
+  const TimeInMillis kJavaEpochToWinFileTimeDelta =
+    static_cast<TimeInMillis>(116444736UL) * 100000UL;
+  const DWORD kTenthMicrosInMilliSecond = 10000;
+
+  SYSTEMTIME now_systime;
+  FILETIME now_filetime;
+  ULARGE_INTEGER now_int64;
+  // TODO(kenton@google.com): Shouldn't this just use
+  //   GetSystemTimeAsFileTime()?
+  GetSystemTime(&now_systime);
+  if (SystemTimeToFileTime(&now_systime, &now_filetime)) {
+    now_int64.LowPart = now_filetime.dwLowDateTime;
+    now_int64.HighPart = now_filetime.dwHighDateTime;
+    now_int64.QuadPart = (now_int64.QuadPart / kTenthMicrosInMilliSecond) -
+      kJavaEpochToWinFileTimeDelta;
+    return now_int64.QuadPart;
+  }
+  return 0;
+#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_
+  __timeb64 now;
+
+  // MSVC 8 deprecates _ftime64(), so we want to suppress warning 4996
+  // (deprecated function) there.
+  // TODO(kenton@google.com): Use GetTickCount()?  Or use
+  //   SystemTimeToFileTime()
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4996)
+  _ftime64(&now);
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+
+  return static_cast<TimeInMillis>(now.time) * 1000 + now.millitm;
+#elif GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_
+  struct timeval now;
+  gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
+  return static_cast<TimeInMillis>(now.tv_sec) * 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000;
+#else
+# error "Don't know how to get the current time on your system."
+#endif
+}
+
+// Utilities
+
+// class String.
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+// Creates a UTF-16 wide string from the given ANSI string, allocating
+// memory using new. The caller is responsible for deleting the return
+// value using delete[]. Returns the wide string, or NULL if the
+// input is NULL.
+LPCWSTR String::AnsiToUtf16(const char* ansi) {
+  if (!ansi) return NULL;
+  const int length = strlen(ansi);
+  const int unicode_length =
+      MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, ansi, length,
+                          NULL, 0);
+  WCHAR* unicode = new WCHAR[unicode_length + 1];
+  MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, ansi, length,
+                      unicode, unicode_length);
+  unicode[unicode_length] = 0;
+  return unicode;
+}
+
+// Creates an ANSI string from the given wide string, allocating
+// memory using new. The caller is responsible for deleting the return
+// value using delete[]. Returns the ANSI string, or NULL if the
+// input is NULL.
+const char* String::Utf16ToAnsi(LPCWSTR utf16_str)  {
+  if (!utf16_str) return NULL;
+  const int ansi_length =
+      WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, utf16_str, -1,
+                          NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+  char* ansi = new char[ansi_length + 1];
+  WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, utf16_str, -1,
+                      ansi, ansi_length, NULL, NULL);
+  ansi[ansi_length] = 0;
+  return ansi;
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+// Compares two C strings.  Returns true iff they have the same content.
+//
+// Unlike strcmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).  A NULL
+// C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
+// including the empty string.
+bool String::CStringEquals(const char * lhs, const char * rhs) {
+  if ( lhs == NULL ) return rhs == NULL;
+
+  if ( rhs == NULL ) return false;
+
+  return strcmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING || GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+
+// Converts an array of wide chars to a narrow string using the UTF-8
+// encoding, and streams the result to the given Message object.
+static void StreamWideCharsToMessage(const wchar_t* wstr, size_t length,
+                                     Message* msg) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i != length; ) {  // NOLINT
+    if (wstr[i] != L'\0') {
+      *msg << WideStringToUtf8(wstr + i, static_cast<int>(length - i));
+      while (i != length && wstr[i] != L'\0')
+        i++;
+    } else {
+      *msg << '\0';
+      i++;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING || GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+
+void SplitString(const ::std::string& str, char delimiter,
+                 ::std::vector< ::std::string>* dest) {
+  ::std::vector< ::std::string> parsed;
+  ::std::string::size_type pos = 0;
+  while (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) {
+    const ::std::string::size_type colon = str.find(delimiter, pos);
+    if (colon == ::std::string::npos) {
+      parsed.push_back(str.substr(pos));
+      break;
+    } else {
+      parsed.push_back(str.substr(pos, colon - pos));
+      pos = colon + 1;
+    }
+  }
+  dest->swap(parsed);
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// Constructs an empty Message.
+// We allocate the stringstream separately because otherwise each use of
+// ASSERT/EXPECT in a procedure adds over 200 bytes to the procedure's
+// stack frame leading to huge stack frames in some cases; gcc does not reuse
+// the stack space.
+Message::Message() : ss_(new ::std::stringstream) {
+  // By default, we want there to be enough precision when printing
+  // a double to a Message.
+  *ss_ << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10 + 2);
+}
+
+// These two overloads allow streaming a wide C string to a Message
+// using the UTF-8 encoding.
+Message& Message::operator <<(const wchar_t* wide_c_str) {
+  return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str);
+}
+Message& Message::operator <<(wchar_t* wide_c_str) {
+  return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str);
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+// Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
+// encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
+Message& Message::operator <<(const ::std::wstring& wstr) {
+  internal::StreamWideCharsToMessage(wstr.c_str(), wstr.length(), this);
+  return *this;
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+// Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
+// encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
+Message& Message::operator <<(const ::wstring& wstr) {
+  internal::StreamWideCharsToMessage(wstr.c_str(), wstr.length(), this);
+  return *this;
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+
+// Gets the text streamed to this object so far as an std::string.
+// Each '\0' character in the buffer is replaced with "\\0".
+std::string Message::GetString() const {
+  return internal::StringStreamToString(ss_.get());
+}
+
+// AssertionResult constructors.
+// Used in EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(assertion_result).
+AssertionResult::AssertionResult(const AssertionResult& other)
+    : success_(other.success_),
+      message_(other.message_.get() != NULL ?
+               new ::std::string(*other.message_) :
+               static_cast< ::std::string*>(NULL)) {
+}
+
+// Swaps two AssertionResults.
+void AssertionResult::swap(AssertionResult& other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  swap(success_, other.success_);
+  swap(message_, other.message_);
+}
+
+// Returns the assertion's negation. Used with EXPECT/ASSERT_FALSE.
+AssertionResult AssertionResult::operator!() const {
+  AssertionResult negation(!success_);
+  if (message_.get() != NULL)
+    negation << *message_;
+  return negation;
+}
+
+// Makes a successful assertion result.
+AssertionResult AssertionSuccess() {
+  return AssertionResult(true);
+}
+
+// Makes a failed assertion result.
+AssertionResult AssertionFailure() {
+  return AssertionResult(false);
+}
+
+// Makes a failed assertion result with the given failure message.
+// Deprecated; use AssertionFailure() << message.
+AssertionResult AssertionFailure(const Message& message) {
+  return AssertionFailure() << message;
+}
+
+namespace internal {
+
+namespace edit_distance {
+std::vector<EditType> CalculateOptimalEdits(const std::vector<size_t>& left,
+                                            const std::vector<size_t>& right) {
+  std::vector<std::vector<double> > costs(
+      left.size() + 1, std::vector<double>(right.size() + 1));
+  std::vector<std::vector<EditType> > best_move(
+      left.size() + 1, std::vector<EditType>(right.size() + 1));
+
+  // Populate for empty right.
+  for (size_t l_i = 0; l_i < costs.size(); ++l_i) {
+    costs[l_i][0] = static_cast<double>(l_i);
+    best_move[l_i][0] = kRemove;
+  }
+  // Populate for empty left.
+  for (size_t r_i = 1; r_i < costs[0].size(); ++r_i) {
+    costs[0][r_i] = static_cast<double>(r_i);
+    best_move[0][r_i] = kAdd;
+  }
+
+  for (size_t l_i = 0; l_i < left.size(); ++l_i) {
+    for (size_t r_i = 0; r_i < right.size(); ++r_i) {
+      if (left[l_i] == right[r_i]) {
+        // Found a match. Consume it.
+        costs[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = costs[l_i][r_i];
+        best_move[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = kMatch;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const double add = costs[l_i + 1][r_i];
+      const double remove = costs[l_i][r_i + 1];
+      const double replace = costs[l_i][r_i];
+      if (add < remove && add < replace) {
+        costs[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = add + 1;
+        best_move[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = kAdd;
+      } else if (remove < add && remove < replace) {
+        costs[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = remove + 1;
+        best_move[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = kRemove;
+      } else {
+        // We make replace a little more expensive than add/remove to lower
+        // their priority.
+        costs[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = replace + 1.00001;
+        best_move[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = kReplace;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Reconstruct the best path. We do it in reverse order.
+  std::vector<EditType> best_path;
+  for (size_t l_i = left.size(), r_i = right.size(); l_i > 0 || r_i > 0;) {
+    EditType move = best_move[l_i][r_i];
+    best_path.push_back(move);
+    l_i -= move != kAdd;
+    r_i -= move != kRemove;
+  }
+  std::reverse(best_path.begin(), best_path.end());
+  return best_path;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// Helper class to convert string into ids with deduplication.
+class InternalStrings {
+ public:
+  size_t GetId(const std::string& str) {
+    IdMap::iterator it = ids_.find(str);
+    if (it != ids_.end()) return it->second;
+    size_t id = ids_.size();
+    return ids_[str] = id;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  typedef std::map<std::string, size_t> IdMap;
+  IdMap ids_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+std::vector<EditType> CalculateOptimalEdits(
+    const std::vector<std::string>& left,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& right) {
+  std::vector<size_t> left_ids, right_ids;
+  {
+    InternalStrings intern_table;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < left.size(); ++i) {
+      left_ids.push_back(intern_table.GetId(left[i]));
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < right.size(); ++i) {
+      right_ids.push_back(intern_table.GetId(right[i]));
+    }
+  }
+  return CalculateOptimalEdits(left_ids, right_ids);
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// Helper class that holds the state for one hunk and prints it out to the
+// stream.
+// It reorders adds/removes when possible to group all removes before all
+// adds. It also adds the hunk header before printint into the stream.
+class Hunk {
+ public:
+  Hunk(size_t left_start, size_t right_start)
+      : left_start_(left_start),
+        right_start_(right_start),
+        adds_(),
+        removes_(),
+        common_() {}
+
+  void PushLine(char edit, const char* line) {
+    switch (edit) {
+      case ' ':
+        ++common_;
+        FlushEdits();
+        hunk_.push_back(std::make_pair(' ', line));
+        break;
+      case '-':
+        ++removes_;
+        hunk_removes_.push_back(std::make_pair('-', line));
+        break;
+      case '+':
+        ++adds_;
+        hunk_adds_.push_back(std::make_pair('+', line));
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void PrintTo(std::ostream* os) {
+    PrintHeader(os);
+    FlushEdits();
+    for (std::list<std::pair<char, const char*> >::const_iterator it =
+             hunk_.begin();
+         it != hunk_.end(); ++it) {
+      *os << it->first << it->second << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool has_edits() const { return adds_ || removes_; }
+
+ private:
+  void FlushEdits() {
+    hunk_.splice(hunk_.end(), hunk_removes_);
+    hunk_.splice(hunk_.end(), hunk_adds_);
+  }
+
+  // Print a unified diff header for one hunk.
+  // The format is
+  //   "@@ -<left_start>,<left_length> +<right_start>,<right_length> @@"
+  // where the left/right parts are ommitted if unnecessary.
+  void PrintHeader(std::ostream* ss) const {
+    *ss << "@@ ";
+    if (removes_) {
+      *ss << "-" << left_start_ << "," << (removes_ + common_);
+    }
+    if (removes_ && adds_) {
+      *ss << " ";
+    }
+    if (adds_) {
+      *ss << "+" << right_start_ << "," << (adds_ + common_);
+    }
+    *ss << " @@\n";
+  }
+
+  size_t left_start_, right_start_;
+  size_t adds_, removes_, common_;
+  std::list<std::pair<char, const char*> > hunk_, hunk_adds_, hunk_removes_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// Create a list of diff hunks in Unified diff format.
+// Each hunk has a header generated by PrintHeader above plus a body with
+// lines prefixed with ' ' for no change, '-' for deletion and '+' for
+// addition.
+// 'context' represents the desired unchanged prefix/suffix around the diff.
+// If two hunks are close enough that their contexts overlap, then they are
+// joined into one hunk.
+std::string CreateUnifiedDiff(const std::vector<std::string>& left,
+                              const std::vector<std::string>& right,
+                              size_t context) {
+  const std::vector<EditType> edits = CalculateOptimalEdits(left, right);
+
+  size_t l_i = 0, r_i = 0, edit_i = 0;
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  while (edit_i < edits.size()) {
+    // Find first edit.
+    while (edit_i < edits.size() && edits[edit_i] == kMatch) {
+      ++l_i;
+      ++r_i;
+      ++edit_i;
+    }
+
+    // Find the first line to include in the hunk.
+    const size_t prefix_context = std::min(l_i, context);
+    Hunk hunk(l_i - prefix_context + 1, r_i - prefix_context + 1);
+    for (size_t i = prefix_context; i > 0; --i) {
+      hunk.PushLine(' ', left[l_i - i].c_str());
+    }
+
+    // Iterate the edits until we found enough suffix for the hunk or the input
+    // is over.
+    size_t n_suffix = 0;
+    for (; edit_i < edits.size(); ++edit_i) {
+      if (n_suffix >= context) {
+        // Continue only if the next hunk is very close.
+        std::vector<EditType>::const_iterator it = edits.begin() + edit_i;
+        while (it != edits.end() && *it == kMatch) ++it;
+        if (it == edits.end() || (it - edits.begin()) - edit_i >= context) {
+          // There is no next edit or it is too far away.
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      EditType edit = edits[edit_i];
+      // Reset count when a non match is found.
+      n_suffix = edit == kMatch ? n_suffix + 1 : 0;
+
+      if (edit == kMatch || edit == kRemove || edit == kReplace) {
+        hunk.PushLine(edit == kMatch ? ' ' : '-', left[l_i].c_str());
+      }
+      if (edit == kAdd || edit == kReplace) {
+        hunk.PushLine('+', right[r_i].c_str());
+      }
+
+      // Advance indices, depending on edit type.
+      l_i += edit != kAdd;
+      r_i += edit != kRemove;
+    }
+
+    if (!hunk.has_edits()) {
+      // We are done. We don't want this hunk.
+      break;
+    }
+
+    hunk.PrintTo(&ss);
+  }
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+}  // namespace edit_distance
+
+namespace {
+
+// The string representation of the values received in EqFailure() are already
+// escaped. Split them on escaped '\n' boundaries. Leave all other escaped
+// characters the same.
+std::vector<std::string> SplitEscapedString(const std::string& str) {
+  std::vector<std::string> lines;
+  size_t start = 0, end = str.size();
+  if (end > 2 && str[0] == '"' && str[end - 1] == '"') {
+    ++start;
+    --end;
+  }
+  bool escaped = false;
+  for (size_t i = start; i + 1 < end; ++i) {
+    if (escaped) {
+      escaped = false;
+      if (str[i] == 'n') {
+        lines.push_back(str.substr(start, i - start - 1));
+        start = i + 1;
+      }
+    } else {
+      escaped = str[i] == '\\';
+    }
+  }
+  lines.push_back(str.substr(start, end - start));
+  return lines;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// Constructs and returns the message for an equality assertion
+// (e.g. ASSERT_EQ, EXPECT_STREQ, etc) failure.
+//
+// The first four parameters are the expressions used in the assertion
+// and their values, as strings.  For example, for ASSERT_EQ(foo, bar)
+// where foo is 5 and bar is 6, we have:
+//
+//   lhs_expression: "foo"
+//   rhs_expression: "bar"
+//   lhs_value:      "5"
+//   rhs_value:      "6"
+//
+// The ignoring_case parameter is true iff the assertion is a
+// *_STRCASEEQ*.  When it's true, the string "Ignoring case" will
+// be inserted into the message.
+AssertionResult EqFailure(const char* lhs_expression,
+                          const char* rhs_expression,
+                          const std::string& lhs_value,
+                          const std::string& rhs_value,
+                          bool ignoring_case) {
+  Message msg;
+  msg << "      Expected: " << lhs_expression;
+  if (lhs_value != lhs_expression) {
+    msg << "\n      Which is: " << lhs_value;
+  }
+  msg << "\nTo be equal to: " << rhs_expression;
+  if (rhs_value != rhs_expression) {
+    msg << "\n      Which is: " << rhs_value;
+  }
+
+  if (ignoring_case) {
+    msg << "\nIgnoring case";
+  }
+
+  if (!lhs_value.empty() && !rhs_value.empty()) {
+    const std::vector<std::string> lhs_lines =
+        SplitEscapedString(lhs_value);
+    const std::vector<std::string> rhs_lines =
+        SplitEscapedString(rhs_value);
+    if (lhs_lines.size() > 1 || rhs_lines.size() > 1) {
+      msg << "\nWith diff:\n"
+          << edit_distance::CreateUnifiedDiff(lhs_lines, rhs_lines);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return AssertionFailure() << msg;
+}
+
+// Constructs a failure message for Boolean assertions such as EXPECT_TRUE.
+std::string GetBoolAssertionFailureMessage(
+    const AssertionResult& assertion_result,
+    const char* expression_text,
+    const char* actual_predicate_value,
+    const char* expected_predicate_value) {
+  const char* actual_message = assertion_result.message();
+  Message msg;
+  msg << "Value of: " << expression_text
+      << "\n  Actual: " << actual_predicate_value;
+  if (actual_message[0] != '\0')
+    msg << " (" << actual_message << ")";
+  msg << "\nExpected: " << expected_predicate_value;
+  return msg.GetString();
+}
+
+// Helper function for implementing ASSERT_NEAR.
+AssertionResult DoubleNearPredFormat(const char* expr1,
+                                     const char* expr2,
+                                     const char* abs_error_expr,
+                                     double val1,
+                                     double val2,
+                                     double abs_error) {
+  const double diff = fabs(val1 - val2);
+  if (diff <= abs_error) return AssertionSuccess();
+
+  // TODO(wan): do not print the value of an expression if it's
+  // already a literal.
+  return AssertionFailure()
+      << "The difference between " << expr1 << " and " << expr2
+      << " is " << diff << ", which exceeds " << abs_error_expr << ", where\n"
+      << expr1 << " evaluates to " << val1 << ",\n"
+      << expr2 << " evaluates to " << val2 << ", and\n"
+      << abs_error_expr << " evaluates to " << abs_error << ".";
+}
+
+
+// Helper template for implementing FloatLE() and DoubleLE().
+template <typename RawType>
+AssertionResult FloatingPointLE(const char* expr1,
+                                const char* expr2,
+                                RawType val1,
+                                RawType val2) {
+  // Returns success if val1 is less than val2,
+  if (val1 < val2) {
+    return AssertionSuccess();
+  }
+
+  // or if val1 is almost equal to val2.
+  const FloatingPoint<RawType> lhs(val1), rhs(val2);
+  if (lhs.AlmostEquals(rhs)) {
+    return AssertionSuccess();
+  }
+
+  // Note that the above two checks will both fail if either val1 or
+  // val2 is NaN, as the IEEE floating-point standard requires that
+  // any predicate involving a NaN must return false.
+
+  ::std::stringstream val1_ss;
+  val1_ss << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2)
+          << val1;
+
+  ::std::stringstream val2_ss;
+  val2_ss << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2)
+          << val2;
+
+  return AssertionFailure()
+      << "Expected: (" << expr1 << ") <= (" << expr2 << ")\n"
+      << "  Actual: " << StringStreamToString(&val1_ss) << " vs "
+      << StringStreamToString(&val2_ss);
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// Asserts that val1 is less than, or almost equal to, val2.  Fails
+// otherwise.  In particular, it fails if either val1 or val2 is NaN.
+AssertionResult FloatLE(const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
+                        float val1, float val2) {
+  return internal::FloatingPointLE<float>(expr1, expr2, val1, val2);
+}
+
+// Asserts that val1 is less than, or almost equal to, val2.  Fails
+// otherwise.  In particular, it fails if either val1 or val2 is NaN.
+AssertionResult DoubleLE(const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
+                         double val1, double val2) {
+  return internal::FloatingPointLE<double>(expr1, expr2, val1, val2);
+}
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ with int or enum
+// arguments.
+AssertionResult CmpHelperEQ(const char* lhs_expression,
+                            const char* rhs_expression,
+                            BiggestInt lhs,
+                            BiggestInt rhs) {
+  if (lhs == rhs) {
+    return AssertionSuccess();
+  }
+
+  return EqFailure(lhs_expression,
+                   rhs_expression,
+                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(lhs, rhs),
+                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(rhs, lhs),
+                   false);
+}
+
+// A macro for implementing the helper functions needed to implement
+// ASSERT_?? and EXPECT_?? with integer or enum arguments.  It is here
+// just to avoid copy-and-paste of similar code.
+#define GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(op_name, op)\
+AssertionResult CmpHelper##op_name(const char* expr1, const char* expr2, \
+                                   BiggestInt val1, BiggestInt val2) {\
+  if (val1 op val2) {\
+    return AssertionSuccess();\
+  } else {\
+    return AssertionFailure() \
+        << "Expected: (" << expr1 << ") " #op " (" << expr2\
+        << "), actual: " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val1, val2)\
+        << " vs " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val2, val1);\
+  }\
+}
+
+// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NE with int or
+// enum arguments.
+GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(NE, !=)
+// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LE with int or
+// enum arguments.
+GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LE, <=)
+// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LT with int or
+// enum arguments.
+GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LT, < )
+// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GE with int or
+// enum arguments.
+GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GE, >=)
+// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GT with int or
+// enum arguments.
+GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GT, > )
+
+#undef GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_
+
+// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STREQ.
+AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* lhs_expression,
+                               const char* rhs_expression,
+                               const char* lhs,
+                               const char* rhs) {
+  if (String::CStringEquals(lhs, rhs)) {
+    return AssertionSuccess();
+  }
+
+  return EqFailure(lhs_expression,
+                   rhs_expression,
+                   PrintToString(lhs),
+                   PrintToString(rhs),
+                   false);
+}
+
+// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASEEQ.
+AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ(const char* lhs_expression,
+                                   const char* rhs_expression,
+                                   const char* lhs,
+                                   const char* rhs) {
+  if (String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(lhs, rhs)) {
+    return AssertionSuccess();
+  }
+
+  return EqFailure(lhs_expression,
+                   rhs_expression,
+                   PrintToString(lhs),
+                   PrintToString(rhs),
+                   true);
+}
+
+// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRNE.
+AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char* s1_expression,
+                               const char* s2_expression,
+                               const char* s1,
+                               const char* s2) {
+  if (!String::CStringEquals(s1, s2)) {
+    return AssertionSuccess();
+  } else {
+    return AssertionFailure() << "Expected: (" << s1_expression << ") != ("
+                              << s2_expression << "), actual: \""
+                              << s1 << "\" vs \"" << s2 << "\"";
+  }
+}
+
+// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASENE.
+AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASENE(const char* s1_expression,
+                                   const char* s2_expression,
+                                   const char* s1,
+                                   const char* s2) {
+  if (!String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(s1, s2)) {
+    return AssertionSuccess();
+  } else {
+    return AssertionFailure()
+        << "Expected: (" << s1_expression << ") != ("
+        << s2_expression << ") (ignoring case), actual: \""
+        << s1 << "\" vs \"" << s2 << "\"";
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+namespace {
+
+// Helper functions for implementing IsSubString() and IsNotSubstring().
+
+// This group of overloaded functions return true iff needle is a
+// substring of haystack.  NULL is considered a substring of itself
+// only.
+
+bool IsSubstringPred(const char* needle, const char* haystack) {
+  if (needle == NULL || haystack == NULL)
+    return needle == haystack;
+
+  return strstr(haystack, needle) != NULL;
+}
+
+bool IsSubstringPred(const wchar_t* needle, const wchar_t* haystack) {
+  if (needle == NULL || haystack == NULL)
+    return needle == haystack;
+
+  return wcsstr(haystack, needle) != NULL;
+}
+
+// StringType here can be either ::std::string or ::std::wstring.
+template <typename StringType>
+bool IsSubstringPred(const StringType& needle,
+                     const StringType& haystack) {
+  return haystack.find(needle) != StringType::npos;
+}
+
+// This function implements either IsSubstring() or IsNotSubstring(),
+// depending on the value of the expected_to_be_substring parameter.
+// StringType here can be const char*, const wchar_t*, ::std::string,
+// or ::std::wstring.
+template <typename StringType>
+AssertionResult IsSubstringImpl(
+    bool expected_to_be_substring,
+    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
+    const StringType& needle, const StringType& haystack) {
+  if (IsSubstringPred(needle, haystack) == expected_to_be_substring)
+    return AssertionSuccess();
+
+  const bool is_wide_string = sizeof(needle[0]) > 1;
+  const char* const begin_string_quote = is_wide_string ? "L\"" : "\"";
+  return AssertionFailure()
+      << "Value of: " << needle_expr << "\n"
+      << "  Actual: " << begin_string_quote << needle << "\"\n"
+      << "Expected: " << (expected_to_be_substring ? "" : "not ")
+      << "a substring of " << haystack_expr << "\n"
+      << "Which is: " << begin_string_quote << haystack << "\"";
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// IsSubstring() and IsNotSubstring() check whether needle is a
+// substring of haystack (NULL is considered a substring of itself
+// only), and return an appropriate error message when they fail.
+
+AssertionResult IsSubstring(
+    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
+    const char* needle, const char* haystack) {
+  return IsSubstringImpl(true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
+}
+
+AssertionResult IsSubstring(
+    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
+    const wchar_t* needle, const wchar_t* haystack) {
+  return IsSubstringImpl(true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
+}
+
+AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
+    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
+    const char* needle, const char* haystack) {
+  return IsSubstringImpl(false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
+}
+
+AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
+    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
+    const wchar_t* needle, const wchar_t* haystack) {
+  return IsSubstringImpl(false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
+}
+
+AssertionResult IsSubstring(
+    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
+    const ::std::string& needle, const ::std::string& haystack) {
+  return IsSubstringImpl(true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
+}
+
+AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
+    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
+    const ::std::string& needle, const ::std::string& haystack) {
+  return IsSubstringImpl(false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+AssertionResult IsSubstring(
+    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
+    const ::std::wstring& needle, const ::std::wstring& haystack) {
+  return IsSubstringImpl(true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
+}
+
+AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
+    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
+    const ::std::wstring& needle, const ::std::wstring& haystack) {
+  return IsSubstringImpl(false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+
+namespace internal {
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+namespace {
+
+// Helper function for IsHRESULT{SuccessFailure} predicates
+AssertionResult HRESULTFailureHelper(const char* expr,
+                                     const char* expected,
+                                     long hr) {  // NOLINT
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+  // Windows CE doesn't support FormatMessage.
+  const char error_text[] = "";
+
+# else
+
+  // Looks up the human-readable system message for the HRESULT code
+  // and since we're not passing any params to FormatMessage, we don't
+  // want inserts expanded.
+  const DWORD kFlags = FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
+                       FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS;
+  const DWORD kBufSize = 4096;
+  // Gets the system's human readable message string for this HRESULT.
+  char error_text[kBufSize] = { '\0' };
+  DWORD message_length = ::FormatMessageA(kFlags,
+                                          0,  // no source, we're asking system
+                                          hr,  // the error
+                                          0,  // no line width restrictions
+                                          error_text,  // output buffer
+                                          kBufSize,  // buf size
+                                          NULL);  // no arguments for inserts
+  // Trims tailing white space (FormatMessage leaves a trailing CR-LF)
+  for (; message_length && IsSpace(error_text[message_length - 1]);
+          --message_length) {
+    error_text[message_length - 1] = '\0';
+  }
+
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+  const std::string error_hex("0x" + String::FormatHexInt(hr));
+  return ::testing::AssertionFailure()
+      << "Expected: " << expr << " " << expected << ".\n"
+      << "  Actual: " << error_hex << " " << error_text << "\n";
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+AssertionResult IsHRESULTSuccess(const char* expr, long hr) {  // NOLINT
+  if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
+    return AssertionSuccess();
+  }
+  return HRESULTFailureHelper(expr, "succeeds", hr);
+}
+
+AssertionResult IsHRESULTFailure(const char* expr, long hr) {  // NOLINT
+  if (FAILED(hr)) {
+    return AssertionSuccess();
+  }
+  return HRESULTFailureHelper(expr, "fails", hr);
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+// Utility functions for encoding Unicode text (wide strings) in
+// UTF-8.
+
+// A Unicode code-point can have upto 21 bits, and is encoded in UTF-8
+// like this:
+//
+// Code-point length   Encoding
+//   0 -  7 bits       0xxxxxxx
+//   8 - 11 bits       110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
+//  12 - 16 bits       1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
+//  17 - 21 bits       11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
+
+// The maximum code-point a one-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
+const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint1 = (static_cast<UInt32>(1) <<  7) - 1;
+
+// The maximum code-point a two-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
+const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint2 = (static_cast<UInt32>(1) << (5 + 6)) - 1;
+
+// The maximum code-point a three-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
+const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint3 = (static_cast<UInt32>(1) << (4 + 2*6)) - 1;
+
+// The maximum code-point a four-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
+const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint4 = (static_cast<UInt32>(1) << (3 + 3*6)) - 1;
+
+// Chops off the n lowest bits from a bit pattern.  Returns the n
+// lowest bits.  As a side effect, the original bit pattern will be
+// shifted to the right by n bits.
+inline UInt32 ChopLowBits(UInt32* bits, int n) {
+  const UInt32 low_bits = *bits & ((static_cast<UInt32>(1) << n) - 1);
+  *bits >>= n;
+  return low_bits;
+}
+
+// Converts a Unicode code point to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
+// code_point parameter is of type UInt32 because wchar_t may not be
+// wide enough to contain a code point.
+// If the code_point is not a valid Unicode code point
+// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) it will be converted
+// to "(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)".
+std::string CodePointToUtf8(UInt32 code_point) {
+  if (code_point > kMaxCodePoint4) {
+    return "(Invalid Unicode 0x" + String::FormatHexInt(code_point) + ")";
+  }
+
+  char str[5];  // Big enough for the largest valid code point.
+  if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint1) {
+    str[1] = '\0';
+    str[0] = static_cast<char>(code_point);                          // 0xxxxxxx
+  } else if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint2) {
+    str[2] = '\0';
+    str[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
+    str[0] = static_cast<char>(0xC0 | code_point);                   // 110xxxxx
+  } else if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint3) {
+    str[3] = '\0';
+    str[2] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
+    str[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
+    str[0] = static_cast<char>(0xE0 | code_point);                   // 1110xxxx
+  } else {  // code_point <= kMaxCodePoint4
+    str[4] = '\0';
+    str[3] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
+    str[2] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
+    str[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
+    str[0] = static_cast<char>(0xF0 | code_point);                   // 11110xxx
+  }
+  return str;
+}
+
+// The following two functions only make sense if the the system
+// uses UTF-16 for wide string encoding. All supported systems
+// with 16 bit wchar_t (Windows, Cygwin, Symbian OS) do use UTF-16.
+
+// Determines if the arguments constitute UTF-16 surrogate pair
+// and thus should be combined into a single Unicode code point
+// using CreateCodePointFromUtf16SurrogatePair.
+inline bool IsUtf16SurrogatePair(wchar_t first, wchar_t second) {
+  return sizeof(wchar_t) == 2 &&
+      (first & 0xFC00) == 0xD800 && (second & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00;
+}
+
+// Creates a Unicode code point from UTF16 surrogate pair.
+inline UInt32 CreateCodePointFromUtf16SurrogatePair(wchar_t first,
+                                                    wchar_t second) {
+  const UInt32 mask = (1 << 10) - 1;
+  return (sizeof(wchar_t) == 2) ?
+      (((first & mask) << 10) | (second & mask)) + 0x10000 :
+      // This function should not be called when the condition is
+      // false, but we provide a sensible default in case it is.
+      static_cast<UInt32>(first);
+}
+
+// Converts a wide string to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
+// The wide string is assumed to have the following encoding:
+//   UTF-16 if sizeof(wchar_t) == 2 (on Windows, Cygwin, Symbian OS)
+//   UTF-32 if sizeof(wchar_t) == 4 (on Linux)
+// Parameter str points to a null-terminated wide string.
+// Parameter num_chars may additionally limit the number
+// of wchar_t characters processed. -1 is used when the entire string
+// should be processed.
+// If the string contains code points that are not valid Unicode code points
+// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) they will be output
+// as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'. If the string is in UTF16 encoding
+// and contains invalid UTF-16 surrogate pairs, values in those pairs
+// will be encoded as individual Unicode characters from Basic Normal Plane.
+std::string WideStringToUtf8(const wchar_t* str, int num_chars) {
+  if (num_chars == -1)
+    num_chars = static_cast<int>(wcslen(str));
+
+  ::std::stringstream stream;
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_chars; ++i) {
+    UInt32 unicode_code_point;
+
+    if (str[i] == L'\0') {
+      break;
+    } else if (i + 1 < num_chars && IsUtf16SurrogatePair(str[i], str[i + 1])) {
+      unicode_code_point = CreateCodePointFromUtf16SurrogatePair(str[i],
+                                                                 str[i + 1]);
+      i++;
+    } else {
+      unicode_code_point = static_cast<UInt32>(str[i]);
+    }
+
+    stream << CodePointToUtf8(unicode_code_point);
+  }
+  return StringStreamToString(&stream);
+}
+
+// Converts a wide C string to an std::string using the UTF-8 encoding.
+// NULL will be converted to "(null)".
+std::string String::ShowWideCString(const wchar_t * wide_c_str) {
+  if (wide_c_str == NULL)  return "(null)";
+
+  return internal::WideStringToUtf8(wide_c_str, -1);
+}
+
+// Compares two wide C strings.  Returns true iff they have the same
+// content.
+//
+// Unlike wcscmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).  A NULL
+// C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
+// including the empty string.
+bool String::WideCStringEquals(const wchar_t * lhs, const wchar_t * rhs) {
+  if (lhs == NULL) return rhs == NULL;
+
+  if (rhs == NULL) return false;
+
+  return wcscmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
+}
+
+// Helper function for *_STREQ on wide strings.
+AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* lhs_expression,
+                               const char* rhs_expression,
+                               const wchar_t* lhs,
+                               const wchar_t* rhs) {
+  if (String::WideCStringEquals(lhs, rhs)) {
+    return AssertionSuccess();
+  }
+
+  return EqFailure(lhs_expression,
+                   rhs_expression,
+                   PrintToString(lhs),
+                   PrintToString(rhs),
+                   false);
+}
+
+// Helper function for *_STRNE on wide strings.
+AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char* s1_expression,
+                               const char* s2_expression,
+                               const wchar_t* s1,
+                               const wchar_t* s2) {
+  if (!String::WideCStringEquals(s1, s2)) {
+    return AssertionSuccess();
+  }
+
+  return AssertionFailure() << "Expected: (" << s1_expression << ") != ("
+                            << s2_expression << "), actual: "
+                            << PrintToString(s1)
+                            << " vs " << PrintToString(s2);
+}
+
+// Compares two C strings, ignoring case.  Returns true iff they have
+// the same content.
+//
+// Unlike strcasecmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).  A
+// NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
+// including the empty string.
+bool String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(const char * lhs, const char * rhs) {
+  if (lhs == NULL)
+    return rhs == NULL;
+  if (rhs == NULL)
+    return false;
+  return posix::StrCaseCmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
+}
+
+  // Compares two wide C strings, ignoring case.  Returns true iff they
+  // have the same content.
+  //
+  // Unlike wcscasecmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).
+  // A NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL wide C string,
+  // including the empty string.
+  // NB: The implementations on different platforms slightly differ.
+  // On windows, this method uses _wcsicmp which compares according to LC_CTYPE
+  // environment variable. On GNU platform this method uses wcscasecmp
+  // which compares according to LC_CTYPE category of the current locale.
+  // On MacOS X, it uses towlower, which also uses LC_CTYPE category of the
+  // current locale.
+bool String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(const wchar_t* lhs,
+                                              const wchar_t* rhs) {
+  if (lhs == NULL) return rhs == NULL;
+
+  if (rhs == NULL) return false;
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  return _wcsicmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
+#elif GTEST_OS_LINUX && !GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+  return wcscasecmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
+#else
+  // Android, Mac OS X and Cygwin don't define wcscasecmp.
+  // Other unknown OSes may not define it either.
+  wint_t left, right;
+  do {
+    left = towlower(*lhs++);
+    right = towlower(*rhs++);
+  } while (left && left == right);
+  return left == right;
+#endif  // OS selector
+}
+
+// Returns true iff str ends with the given suffix, ignoring case.
+// Any string is considered to end with an empty suffix.
+bool String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive(
+    const std::string& str, const std::string& suffix) {
+  const size_t str_len = str.length();
+  const size_t suffix_len = suffix.length();
+  return (str_len >= suffix_len) &&
+         CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(str.c_str() + str_len - suffix_len,
+                                      suffix.c_str());
+}
+
+// Formats an int value as "%02d".
+std::string String::FormatIntWidth2(int value) {
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << value;
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+// Formats an int value as "%X".
+std::string String::FormatHexInt(int value) {
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << std::hex << std::uppercase << value;
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+// Formats a byte as "%02X".
+std::string String::FormatByte(unsigned char value) {
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << std::hex << std::uppercase
+     << static_cast<unsigned int>(value);
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+// Converts the buffer in a stringstream to an std::string, converting NUL
+// bytes to "\\0" along the way.
+std::string StringStreamToString(::std::stringstream* ss) {
+  const ::std::string& str = ss->str();
+  const char* const start = str.c_str();
+  const char* const end = start + str.length();
+
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(2 * (end - start));
+  for (const char* ch = start; ch != end; ++ch) {
+    if (*ch == '\0') {
+      result += "\\0";  // Replaces NUL with "\\0";
+    } else {
+      result += *ch;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Appends the user-supplied message to the Google-Test-generated message.
+std::string AppendUserMessage(const std::string& gtest_msg,
+                              const Message& user_msg) {
+  // Appends the user message if it's non-empty.
+  const std::string user_msg_string = user_msg.GetString();
+  if (user_msg_string.empty()) {
+    return gtest_msg;
+  }
+
+  return gtest_msg + "\n" + user_msg_string;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// class TestResult
+
+// Creates an empty TestResult.
+TestResult::TestResult()
+    : death_test_count_(0),
+      elapsed_time_(0) {
+}
+
+// D'tor.
+TestResult::~TestResult() {
+}
+
+// Returns the i-th test part result among all the results. i can
+// range from 0 to total_part_count() - 1. If i is not in that range,
+// aborts the program.
+const TestPartResult& TestResult::GetTestPartResult(int i) const {
+  if (i < 0 || i >= total_part_count())
+    internal::posix::Abort();
+  return test_part_results_.at(i);
+}
+
+// Returns the i-th test property. i can range from 0 to
+// test_property_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, aborts the
+// program.
+const TestProperty& TestResult::GetTestProperty(int i) const {
+  if (i < 0 || i >= test_property_count())
+    internal::posix::Abort();
+  return test_properties_.at(i);
+}
+
+// Clears the test part results.
+void TestResult::ClearTestPartResults() {
+  test_part_results_.clear();
+}
+
+// Adds a test part result to the list.
+void TestResult::AddTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
+  test_part_results_.push_back(test_part_result);
+}
+
+// Adds a test property to the list. If a property with the same key as the
+// supplied property is already represented, the value of this test_property
+// replaces the old value for that key.
+void TestResult::RecordProperty(const std::string& xml_element,
+                                const TestProperty& test_property) {
+  if (!ValidateTestProperty(xml_element, test_property)) {
+    return;
+  }
+  internal::MutexLock lock(&test_properites_mutex_);
+  const std::vector<TestProperty>::iterator property_with_matching_key =
+      std::find_if(test_properties_.begin(), test_properties_.end(),
+                   internal::TestPropertyKeyIs(test_property.key()));
+  if (property_with_matching_key == test_properties_.end()) {
+    test_properties_.push_back(test_property);
+    return;
+  }
+  property_with_matching_key->SetValue(test_property.value());
+}
+
+// The list of reserved attributes used in the <testsuites> element of XML
+// output.
+static const char* const kReservedTestSuitesAttributes[] = {
+  "disabled",
+  "errors",
+  "failures",
+  "name",
+  "random_seed",
+  "tests",
+  "time",
+  "timestamp"
+};
+
+// The list of reserved attributes used in the <testsuite> element of XML
+// output.
+static const char* const kReservedTestSuiteAttributes[] = {
+  "disabled",
+  "errors",
+  "failures",
+  "name",
+  "tests",
+  "time"
+};
+
+// The list of reserved attributes used in the <testcase> element of XML output.
+static const char* const kReservedTestCaseAttributes[] = {
+  "classname",
+  "name",
+  "status",
+  "time",
+  "type_param",
+  "value_param"
+};
+
+template <int kSize>
+std::vector<std::string> ArrayAsVector(const char* const (&array)[kSize]) {
+  return std::vector<std::string>(array, array + kSize);
+}
+
+static std::vector<std::string> GetReservedAttributesForElement(
+    const std::string& xml_element) {
+  if (xml_element == "testsuites") {
+    return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestSuitesAttributes);
+  } else if (xml_element == "testsuite") {
+    return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestSuiteAttributes);
+  } else if (xml_element == "testcase") {
+    return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestCaseAttributes);
+  } else {
+    GTEST_CHECK_(false) << "Unrecognized xml_element provided: " << xml_element;
+  }
+  // This code is unreachable but some compilers may not realizes that.
+  return std::vector<std::string>();
+}
+
+static std::string FormatWordList(const std::vector<std::string>& words) {
+  Message word_list;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < words.size(); ++i) {
+    if (i > 0 && words.size() > 2) {
+      word_list << ", ";
+    }
+    if (i == words.size() - 1) {
+      word_list << "and ";
+    }
+    word_list << "'" << words[i] << "'";
+  }
+  return word_list.GetString();
+}
+
+bool ValidateTestPropertyName(const std::string& property_name,
+                              const std::vector<std::string>& reserved_names) {
+  if (std::find(reserved_names.begin(), reserved_names.end(), property_name) !=
+          reserved_names.end()) {
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "Reserved key used in RecordProperty(): " << property_name
+                  << " (" << FormatWordList(reserved_names)
+                  << " are reserved by " << GTEST_NAME_ << ")";
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Adds a failure if the key is a reserved attribute of the element named
+// xml_element.  Returns true if the property is valid.
+bool TestResult::ValidateTestProperty(const std::string& xml_element,
+                                      const TestProperty& test_property) {
+  return ValidateTestPropertyName(test_property.key(),
+                                  GetReservedAttributesForElement(xml_element));
+}
+
+// Clears the object.
+void TestResult::Clear() {
+  test_part_results_.clear();
+  test_properties_.clear();
+  death_test_count_ = 0;
+  elapsed_time_ = 0;
+}
+
+// Returns true iff the test failed.
+bool TestResult::Failed() const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < total_part_count(); ++i) {
+    if (GetTestPartResult(i).failed())
+      return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Returns true iff the test part fatally failed.
+static bool TestPartFatallyFailed(const TestPartResult& result) {
+  return result.fatally_failed();
+}
+
+// Returns true iff the test fatally failed.
+bool TestResult::HasFatalFailure() const {
+  return CountIf(test_part_results_, TestPartFatallyFailed) > 0;
+}
+
+// Returns true iff the test part non-fatally failed.
+static bool TestPartNonfatallyFailed(const TestPartResult& result) {
+  return result.nonfatally_failed();
+}
+
+// Returns true iff the test has a non-fatal failure.
+bool TestResult::HasNonfatalFailure() const {
+  return CountIf(test_part_results_, TestPartNonfatallyFailed) > 0;
+}
+
+// Gets the number of all test parts.  This is the sum of the number
+// of successful test parts and the number of failed test parts.
+int TestResult::total_part_count() const {
+  return static_cast<int>(test_part_results_.size());
+}
+
+// Returns the number of the test properties.
+int TestResult::test_property_count() const {
+  return static_cast<int>(test_properties_.size());
+}
+
+// class Test
+
+// Creates a Test object.
+
+// The c'tor saves the states of all flags.
+Test::Test()
+    : gtest_flag_saver_(new GTEST_FLAG_SAVER_) {
+}
+
+// The d'tor restores the states of all flags.  The actual work is
+// done by the d'tor of the gtest_flag_saver_ field, and thus not
+// visible here.
+Test::~Test() {
+}
+
+// Sets up the test fixture.
+//
+// A sub-class may override this.
+void Test::SetUp() {
+}
+
+// Tears down the test fixture.
+//
+// A sub-class may override this.
+void Test::TearDown() {
+}
+
+// Allows user supplied key value pairs to be recorded for later output.
+void Test::RecordProperty(const std::string& key, const std::string& value) {
+  UnitTest::GetInstance()->RecordProperty(key, value);
+}
+
+// Allows user supplied key value pairs to be recorded for later output.
+void Test::RecordProperty(const std::string& key, int value) {
+  Message value_message;
+  value_message << value;
+  RecordProperty(key, value_message.GetString().c_str());
+}
+
+namespace internal {
+
+void ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
+                                    const std::string& message) {
+  // This function is a friend of UnitTest and as such has access to
+  // AddTestPartResult.
+  UnitTest::GetInstance()->AddTestPartResult(
+      result_type,
+      NULL,  // No info about the source file where the exception occurred.
+      -1,    // We have no info on which line caused the exception.
+      message,
+      "");   // No stack trace, either.
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// Google Test requires all tests in the same test case to use the same test
+// fixture class.  This function checks if the current test has the
+// same fixture class as the first test in the current test case.  If
+// yes, it returns true; otherwise it generates a Google Test failure and
+// returns false.
+bool Test::HasSameFixtureClass() {
+  internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
+  const TestCase* const test_case = impl->current_test_case();
+
+  // Info about the first test in the current test case.
+  const TestInfo* const first_test_info = test_case->test_info_list()[0];
+  const internal::TypeId first_fixture_id = first_test_info->fixture_class_id_;
+  const char* const first_test_name = first_test_info->name();
+
+  // Info about the current test.
+  const TestInfo* const this_test_info = impl->current_test_info();
+  const internal::TypeId this_fixture_id = this_test_info->fixture_class_id_;
+  const char* const this_test_name = this_test_info->name();
+
+  if (this_fixture_id != first_fixture_id) {
+    // Is the first test defined using TEST?
+    const bool first_is_TEST = first_fixture_id == internal::GetTestTypeId();
+    // Is this test defined using TEST?
+    const bool this_is_TEST = this_fixture_id == internal::GetTestTypeId();
+
+    if (first_is_TEST || this_is_TEST) {
+      // Both TEST and TEST_F appear in same test case, which is incorrect.
+      // Tell the user how to fix this.
+
+      // Gets the name of the TEST and the name of the TEST_F.  Note
+      // that first_is_TEST and this_is_TEST cannot both be true, as
+      // the fixture IDs are different for the two tests.
+      const char* const TEST_name =
+          first_is_TEST ? first_test_name : this_test_name;
+      const char* const TEST_F_name =
+          first_is_TEST ? this_test_name : first_test_name;
+
+      ADD_FAILURE()
+          << "All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture\n"
+          << "class, so mixing TEST_F and TEST in the same test case is\n"
+          << "illegal.  In test case " << this_test_info->test_case_name()
+          << ",\n"
+          << "test " << TEST_F_name << " is defined using TEST_F but\n"
+          << "test " << TEST_name << " is defined using TEST.  You probably\n"
+          << "want to change the TEST to TEST_F or move it to another test\n"
+          << "case.";
+    } else {
+      // Two fixture classes with the same name appear in two different
+      // namespaces, which is not allowed. Tell the user how to fix this.
+      ADD_FAILURE()
+          << "All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture\n"
+          << "class.  However, in test case "
+          << this_test_info->test_case_name() << ",\n"
+          << "you defined test " << first_test_name
+          << " and test " << this_test_name << "\n"
+          << "using two different test fixture classes.  This can happen if\n"
+          << "the two classes are from different namespaces or translation\n"
+          << "units and have the same name.  You should probably rename one\n"
+          << "of the classes to put the tests into different test cases.";
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_SEH
+
+// Adds an "exception thrown" fatal failure to the current test.  This
+// function returns its result via an output parameter pointer because VC++
+// prohibits creation of objects with destructors on stack in functions
+// using __try (see error C2712).
+static std::string* FormatSehExceptionMessage(DWORD exception_code,
+                                              const char* location) {
+  Message message;
+  message << "SEH exception with code 0x" << std::setbase(16) <<
+    exception_code << std::setbase(10) << " thrown in " << location << ".";
+
+  return new std::string(message.GetString());
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
+
+namespace internal {
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// Adds an "exception thrown" fatal failure to the current test.
+static std::string FormatCxxExceptionMessage(const char* description,
+                                             const char* location) {
+  Message message;
+  if (description != NULL) {
+    message << "C++ exception with description \"" << description << "\"";
+  } else {
+    message << "Unknown C++ exception";
+  }
+  message << " thrown in " << location << ".";
+
+  return message.GetString();
+}
+
+static std::string PrintTestPartResultToString(
+    const TestPartResult& test_part_result);
+
+GoogleTestFailureException::GoogleTestFailureException(
+    const TestPartResult& failure)
+    : ::std::runtime_error(PrintTestPartResultToString(failure).c_str()) {}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// We put these helper functions in the internal namespace as IBM's xlC
+// compiler rejects the code if they were declared static.
+
+// Runs the given method and handles SEH exceptions it throws, when
+// SEH is supported; returns the 0-value for type Result in case of an
+// SEH exception.  (Microsoft compilers cannot handle SEH and C++
+// exceptions in the same function.  Therefore, we provide a separate
+// wrapper function for handling SEH exceptions.)
+template <class T, typename Result>
+Result HandleSehExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
+    T* object, Result (T::*method)(), const char* location) {
+#if GTEST_HAS_SEH
+  __try {
+    return (object->*method)();
+  } __except (internal::UnitTestOptions::GTestShouldProcessSEH(  // NOLINT
+      GetExceptionCode())) {
+    // We create the exception message on the heap because VC++ prohibits
+    // creation of objects with destructors on stack in functions using __try
+    // (see error C2712).
+    std::string* exception_message = FormatSehExceptionMessage(
+        GetExceptionCode(), location);
+    internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
+                                             *exception_message);
+    delete exception_message;
+    return static_cast<Result>(0);
+  }
+#else
+  (void)location;
+  return (object->*method)();
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
+}
+
+// Runs the given method and catches and reports C++ and/or SEH-style
+// exceptions, if they are supported; returns the 0-value for type
+// Result in case of an SEH exception.
+template <class T, typename Result>
+Result HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
+    T* object, Result (T::*method)(), const char* location) {
+  // NOTE: The user code can affect the way in which Google Test handles
+  // exceptions by setting GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions), but only before
+  // RUN_ALL_TESTS() starts. It is technically possible to check the flag
+  // after the exception is caught and either report or re-throw the
+  // exception based on the flag's value:
+  //
+  // try {
+  //   // Perform the test method.
+  // } catch (...) {
+  //   if (GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions))
+  //     // Report the exception as failure.
+  //   else
+  //     throw;  // Re-throws the original exception.
+  // }
+  //
+  // However, the purpose of this flag is to allow the program to drop into
+  // the debugger when the exception is thrown. On most platforms, once the
+  // control enters the catch block, the exception origin information is
+  // lost and the debugger will stop the program at the point of the
+  // re-throw in this function -- instead of at the point of the original
+  // throw statement in the code under test.  For this reason, we perform
+  // the check early, sacrificing the ability to affect Google Test's
+  // exception handling in the method where the exception is thrown.
+  if (internal::GetUnitTestImpl()->catch_exceptions()) {
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+    try {
+      return HandleSehExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(object, method, location);
+    } catch (const internal::GoogleTestFailureException&) {  // NOLINT
+      // This exception type can only be thrown by a failed Google
+      // Test assertion with the intention of letting another testing
+      // framework catch it.  Therefore we just re-throw it.
+      throw;
+    } catch (const std::exception& e) {  // NOLINT
+      internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(
+          TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
+          FormatCxxExceptionMessage(e.what(), location));
+    } catch (...) {  // NOLINT
+      internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(
+          TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
+          FormatCxxExceptionMessage(NULL, location));
+    }
+    return static_cast<Result>(0);
+#else
+    return HandleSehExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(object, method, location);
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+  } else {
+    return (object->*method)();
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// Runs the test and updates the test result.
+void Test::Run() {
+  if (!HasSameFixtureClass()) return;
+
+  internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
+  impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
+  internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(this, &Test::SetUp, "SetUp()");
+  // We will run the test only if SetUp() was successful.
+  if (!HasFatalFailure()) {
+    impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
+    internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
+        this, &Test::TestBody, "the test body");
+  }
+
+  // However, we want to clean up as much as possible.  Hence we will
+  // always call TearDown(), even if SetUp() or the test body has
+  // failed.
+  impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
+  internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
+      this, &Test::TearDown, "TearDown()");
+}
+
+// Returns true iff the current test has a fatal failure.
+bool Test::HasFatalFailure() {
+  return internal::GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->HasFatalFailure();
+}
+
+// Returns true iff the current test has a non-fatal failure.
+bool Test::HasNonfatalFailure() {
+  return internal::GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->
+      HasNonfatalFailure();
+}
+
+// class TestInfo
+
+// Constructs a TestInfo object. It assumes ownership of the test factory
+// object.
+TestInfo::TestInfo(const std::string& a_test_case_name,
+                   const std::string& a_name,
+                   const char* a_type_param,
+                   const char* a_value_param,
+                   internal::CodeLocation a_code_location,
+                   internal::TypeId fixture_class_id,
+                   internal::TestFactoryBase* factory)
+    : test_case_name_(a_test_case_name),
+      name_(a_name),
+      type_param_(a_type_param ? new std::string(a_type_param) : NULL),
+      value_param_(a_value_param ? new std::string(a_value_param) : NULL),
+      location_(a_code_location),
+      fixture_class_id_(fixture_class_id),
+      should_run_(false),
+      is_disabled_(false),
+      matches_filter_(false),
+      factory_(factory),
+      result_() {}
+
+// Destructs a TestInfo object.
+TestInfo::~TestInfo() { delete factory_; }
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// Creates a new TestInfo object and registers it with Google Test;
+// returns the created object.
+//
+// Arguments:
+//
+//   test_case_name:   name of the test case
+//   name:             name of the test
+//   type_param:       the name of the test's type parameter, or NULL if
+//                     this is not a typed or a type-parameterized test.
+//   value_param:      text representation of the test's value parameter,
+//                     or NULL if this is not a value-parameterized test.
+//   code_location:    code location where the test is defined
+//   fixture_class_id: ID of the test fixture class
+//   set_up_tc:        pointer to the function that sets up the test case
+//   tear_down_tc:     pointer to the function that tears down the test case
+//   factory:          pointer to the factory that creates a test object.
+//                     The newly created TestInfo instance will assume
+//                     ownership of the factory object.
+TestInfo* MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
+    const char* test_case_name,
+    const char* name,
+    const char* type_param,
+    const char* value_param,
+    CodeLocation code_location,
+    TypeId fixture_class_id,
+    SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
+    TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc,
+    TestFactoryBase* factory) {
+  TestInfo* const test_info =
+      new TestInfo(test_case_name, name, type_param, value_param,
+                   code_location, fixture_class_id, factory);
+  GetUnitTestImpl()->AddTestInfo(set_up_tc, tear_down_tc, test_info);
+  return test_info;
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+void ReportInvalidTestCaseType(const char* test_case_name,
+                               CodeLocation code_location) {
+  Message errors;
+  errors
+      << "Attempted redefinition of test case " << test_case_name << ".\n"
+      << "All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture\n"
+      << "class.  However, in test case " << test_case_name << ", you tried\n"
+      << "to define a test using a fixture class different from the one\n"
+      << "used earlier. This can happen if the two fixture classes are\n"
+      << "from different namespaces and have the same name. You should\n"
+      << "probably rename one of the classes to put the tests into different\n"
+      << "test cases.";
+
+  fprintf(stderr, "%s %s",
+          FormatFileLocation(code_location.file.c_str(),
+                             code_location.line).c_str(),
+          errors.GetString().c_str());
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+namespace {
+
+// A predicate that checks the test name of a TestInfo against a known
+// value.
+//
+// This is used for implementation of the TestCase class only.  We put
+// it in the anonymous namespace to prevent polluting the outer
+// namespace.
+//
+// TestNameIs is copyable.
+class TestNameIs {
+ public:
+  // Constructor.
+  //
+  // TestNameIs has NO default constructor.
+  explicit TestNameIs(const char* name)
+      : name_(name) {}
+
+  // Returns true iff the test name of test_info matches name_.
+  bool operator()(const TestInfo * test_info) const {
+    return test_info && test_info->name() == name_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::string name_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// This method expands all parameterized tests registered with macros TEST_P
+// and INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P into regular tests and registers those.
+// This will be done just once during the program runtime.
+void UnitTestImpl::RegisterParameterizedTests() {
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+  if (!parameterized_tests_registered_) {
+    parameterized_test_registry_.RegisterTests();
+    parameterized_tests_registered_ = true;
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// Creates the test object, runs it, records its result, and then
+// deletes it.
+void TestInfo::Run() {
+  if (!should_run_) return;
+
+  // Tells UnitTest where to store test result.
+  internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
+  impl->set_current_test_info(this);
+
+  TestEventListener* repeater = UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners().repeater();
+
+  // Notifies the unit test event listeners that a test is about to start.
+  repeater->OnTestStart(*this);
+
+  const TimeInMillis start = internal::GetTimeInMillis();
+
+  impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
+
+  // Creates the test object.
+  Test* const test = internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
+      factory_, &internal::TestFactoryBase::CreateTest,
+      "the test fixture's constructor");
+
+  // Runs the test only if the test object was created and its
+  // constructor didn't generate a fatal failure.
+  if ((test != NULL) && !Test::HasFatalFailure()) {
+    // This doesn't throw as all user code that can throw are wrapped into
+    // exception handling code.
+    test->Run();
+  }
+
+  // Deletes the test object.
+  impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
+  internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
+      test, &Test::DeleteSelf_, "the test fixture's destructor");
+
+  result_.set_elapsed_time(internal::GetTimeInMillis() - start);
+
+  // Notifies the unit test event listener that a test has just finished.
+  repeater->OnTestEnd(*this);
+
+  // Tells UnitTest to stop associating assertion results to this
+  // test.
+  impl->set_current_test_info(NULL);
+}
+
+// class TestCase
+
+// Gets the number of successful tests in this test case.
+int TestCase::successful_test_count() const {
+  return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestPassed);
+}
+
+// Gets the number of failed tests in this test case.
+int TestCase::failed_test_count() const {
+  return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestFailed);
+}
+
+// Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
+int TestCase::reportable_disabled_test_count() const {
+  return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestReportableDisabled);
+}
+
+// Gets the number of disabled tests in this test case.
+int TestCase::disabled_test_count() const {
+  return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestDisabled);
+}
+
+// Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
+int TestCase::reportable_test_count() const {
+  return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestReportable);
+}
+
+// Get the number of tests in this test case that should run.
+int TestCase::test_to_run_count() const {
+  return CountIf(test_info_list_, ShouldRunTest);
+}
+
+// Gets the number of all tests.
+int TestCase::total_test_count() const {
+  return static_cast<int>(test_info_list_.size());
+}
+
+// Creates a TestCase with the given name.
+//
+// Arguments:
+//
+//   name:         name of the test case
+//   a_type_param: the name of the test case's type parameter, or NULL if
+//                 this is not a typed or a type-parameterized test case.
+//   set_up_tc:    pointer to the function that sets up the test case
+//   tear_down_tc: pointer to the function that tears down the test case
+TestCase::TestCase(const char* a_name, const char* a_type_param,
+                   Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
+                   Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc)
+    : name_(a_name),
+      type_param_(a_type_param ? new std::string(a_type_param) : NULL),
+      set_up_tc_(set_up_tc),
+      tear_down_tc_(tear_down_tc),
+      should_run_(false),
+      elapsed_time_(0) {
+}
+
+// Destructor of TestCase.
+TestCase::~TestCase() {
+  // Deletes every Test in the collection.
+  ForEach(test_info_list_, internal::Delete<TestInfo>);
+}
+
+// Returns the i-th test among all the tests. i can range from 0 to
+// total_test_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
+const TestInfo* TestCase::GetTestInfo(int i) const {
+  const int index = GetElementOr(test_indices_, i, -1);
+  return index < 0 ? NULL : test_info_list_[index];
+}
+
+// Returns the i-th test among all the tests. i can range from 0 to
+// total_test_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
+TestInfo* TestCase::GetMutableTestInfo(int i) {
+  const int index = GetElementOr(test_indices_, i, -1);
+  return index < 0 ? NULL : test_info_list_[index];
+}
+
+// Adds a test to this test case.  Will delete the test upon
+// destruction of the TestCase object.
+void TestCase::AddTestInfo(TestInfo * test_info) {
+  test_info_list_.push_back(test_info);
+  test_indices_.push_back(static_cast<int>(test_indices_.size()));
+}
+
+// Runs every test in this TestCase.
+void TestCase::Run() {
+  if (!should_run_) return;
+
+  internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
+  impl->set_current_test_case(this);
+
+  TestEventListener* repeater = UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners().repeater();
+
+  repeater->OnTestCaseStart(*this);
+  impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
+  internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
+      this, &TestCase::RunSetUpTestCase, "SetUpTestCase()");
+
+  const internal::TimeInMillis start = internal::GetTimeInMillis();
+  for (int i = 0; i < total_test_count(); i++) {
+    GetMutableTestInfo(i)->Run();
+  }
+  elapsed_time_ = internal::GetTimeInMillis() - start;
+
+  impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
+  internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
+      this, &TestCase::RunTearDownTestCase, "TearDownTestCase()");
+
+  repeater->OnTestCaseEnd(*this);
+  impl->set_current_test_case(NULL);
+}
+
+// Clears the results of all tests in this test case.
+void TestCase::ClearResult() {
+  ad_hoc_test_result_.Clear();
+  ForEach(test_info_list_, TestInfo::ClearTestResult);
+}
+
+// Shuffles the tests in this test case.
+void TestCase::ShuffleTests(internal::Random* random) {
+  Shuffle(random, &test_indices_);
+}
+
+// Restores the test order to before the first shuffle.
+void TestCase::UnshuffleTests() {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < test_indices_.size(); i++) {
+    test_indices_[i] = static_cast<int>(i);
+  }
+}
+
+// Formats a countable noun.  Depending on its quantity, either the
+// singular form or the plural form is used. e.g.
+//
+// FormatCountableNoun(1, "formula", "formuli") returns "1 formula".
+// FormatCountableNoun(5, "book", "books") returns "5 books".
+static std::string FormatCountableNoun(int count,
+                                       const char * singular_form,
+                                       const char * plural_form) {
+  return internal::StreamableToString(count) + " " +
+      (count == 1 ? singular_form : plural_form);
+}
+
+// Formats the count of tests.
+static std::string FormatTestCount(int test_count) {
+  return FormatCountableNoun(test_count, "test", "tests");
+}
+
+// Formats the count of test cases.
+static std::string FormatTestCaseCount(int test_case_count) {
+  return FormatCountableNoun(test_case_count, "test case", "test cases");
+}
+
+// Converts a TestPartResult::Type enum to human-friendly string
+// representation.  Both kNonFatalFailure and kFatalFailure are translated
+// to "Failure", as the user usually doesn't care about the difference
+// between the two when viewing the test result.
+static const char * TestPartResultTypeToString(TestPartResult::Type type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case TestPartResult::kSuccess:
+      return "Success";
+
+    case TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure:
+    case TestPartResult::kFatalFailure:
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+      return "error: ";
+#else
+      return "Failure\n";
+#endif
+    default:
+      return "Unknown result type";
+  }
+}
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// Prints a TestPartResult to an std::string.
+static std::string PrintTestPartResultToString(
+    const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
+  return (Message()
+          << internal::FormatFileLocation(test_part_result.file_name(),
+                                          test_part_result.line_number())
+          << " " << TestPartResultTypeToString(test_part_result.type())
+          << test_part_result.message()).GetString();
+}
+
+// Prints a TestPartResult.
+static void PrintTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
+  const std::string& result =
+      PrintTestPartResultToString(test_part_result);
+  printf("%s\n", result.c_str());
+  fflush(stdout);
+  // If the test program runs in Visual Studio or a debugger, the
+  // following statements add the test part result message to the Output
+  // window such that the user can double-click on it to jump to the
+  // corresponding source code location; otherwise they do nothing.
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+  // We don't call OutputDebugString*() on Windows Mobile, as printing
+  // to stdout is done by OutputDebugString() there already - we don't
+  // want the same message printed twice.
+  ::OutputDebugStringA(result.c_str());
+  ::OutputDebugStringA("\n");
+#endif
+}
+
+// class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter
+
+enum GTestColor {
+  COLOR_DEFAULT,
+  COLOR_RED,
+  COLOR_GREEN,
+  COLOR_YELLOW
+};
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && \
+    !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+
+// Returns the character attribute for the given color.
+WORD GetColorAttribute(GTestColor color) {
+  switch (color) {
+    case COLOR_RED:    return FOREGROUND_RED;
+    case COLOR_GREEN:  return FOREGROUND_GREEN;
+    case COLOR_YELLOW: return FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN;
+    default:           return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+#else
+
+// Returns the ANSI color code for the given color.  COLOR_DEFAULT is
+// an invalid input.
+const char* GetAnsiColorCode(GTestColor color) {
+  switch (color) {
+    case COLOR_RED:     return "1";
+    case COLOR_GREEN:   return "2";
+    case COLOR_YELLOW:  return "3";
+    default:            return NULL;
+  };
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+// Returns true iff Google Test should use colors in the output.
+bool ShouldUseColor(bool stdout_is_tty) {
+  const char* const gtest_color = GTEST_FLAG(color).c_str();
+
+  if (String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "auto")) {
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+    // On Windows the TERM variable is usually not set, but the
+    // console there does support colors.
+    return stdout_is_tty;
+#else
+    // On non-Windows platforms, we rely on the TERM variable.
+    const char* const term = posix::GetEnv("TERM");
+    const bool term_supports_color =
+        String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm") ||
+        String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm-color") ||
+        String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm-256color") ||
+        String::CStringEquals(term, "screen") ||
+        String::CStringEquals(term, "screen-256color") ||
+        String::CStringEquals(term, "tmux") ||
+        String::CStringEquals(term, "tmux-256color") ||
+        String::CStringEquals(term, "rxvt-unicode") ||
+        String::CStringEquals(term, "rxvt-unicode-256color") ||
+        String::CStringEquals(term, "linux") ||
+        String::CStringEquals(term, "cygwin");
+    return stdout_is_tty && term_supports_color;
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  }
+
+  return String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "yes") ||
+      String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "true") ||
+      String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "t") ||
+      String::CStringEquals(gtest_color, "1");
+  // We take "yes", "true", "t", and "1" as meaning "yes".  If the
+  // value is neither one of these nor "auto", we treat it as "no" to
+  // be conservative.
+}
+
+// Helpers for printing colored strings to stdout. Note that on Windows, we
+// cannot simply emit special characters and have the terminal change colors.
+// This routine must actually emit the characters rather than return a string
+// that would be colored when printed, as can be done on Linux.
+void ColoredPrintf(GTestColor color, const char* fmt, ...) {
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, fmt);
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || GTEST_OS_ZOS || \
+    GTEST_OS_IOS || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+  const bool use_color = AlwaysFalse();
+#else
+  static const bool in_color_mode =
+      ShouldUseColor(posix::IsATTY(posix::FileNo(stdout)) != 0);
+  const bool use_color = in_color_mode && (color != COLOR_DEFAULT);
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || GTEST_OS_ZOS
+  // The '!= 0' comparison is necessary to satisfy MSVC 7.1.
+
+  if (!use_color) {
+    vprintf(fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+    return;
+  }
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && \
+    !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+  const HANDLE stdout_handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
+
+  // Gets the current text color.
+  CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO buffer_info;
+  GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(stdout_handle, &buffer_info);
+  const WORD old_color_attrs = buffer_info.wAttributes;
+
+  // We need to flush the stream buffers into the console before each
+  // SetConsoleTextAttribute call lest it affect the text that is already
+  // printed but has not yet reached the console.
+  fflush(stdout);
+  SetConsoleTextAttribute(stdout_handle,
+                          GetColorAttribute(color) | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
+  vprintf(fmt, args);
+
+  fflush(stdout);
+  // Restores the text color.
+  SetConsoleTextAttribute(stdout_handle, old_color_attrs);
+#else
+  printf("\033[0;3%sm", GetAnsiColorCode(color));
+  vprintf(fmt, args);
+  printf("\033[m");  // Resets the terminal to default.
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+  va_end(args);
+}
+
+// Text printed in Google Test's text output and --gunit_list_tests
+// output to label the type parameter and value parameter for a test.
+static const char kTypeParamLabel[] = "TypeParam";
+static const char kValueParamLabel[] = "GetParam()";
+
+void PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(const TestInfo& test_info) {
+  const char* const type_param = test_info.type_param();
+  const char* const value_param = test_info.value_param();
+
+  if (type_param != NULL || value_param != NULL) {
+    printf(", where ");
+    if (type_param != NULL) {
+      printf("%s = %s", kTypeParamLabel, type_param);
+      if (value_param != NULL)
+        printf(" and ");
+    }
+    if (value_param != NULL) {
+      printf("%s = %s", kValueParamLabel, value_param);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// This class implements the TestEventListener interface.
+//
+// Class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter is copyable.
+class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter : public TestEventListener {
+ public:
+  PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter() {}
+  static void PrintTestName(const char * test_case, const char * test) {
+    printf("%s.%s", test_case, test);
+  }
+
+  // The following methods override what's in the TestEventListener class.
+  virtual void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
+  virtual void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration);
+  virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(const UnitTest& unit_test);
+  virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
+  virtual void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case);
+  virtual void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info);
+  virtual void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& result);
+  virtual void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info);
+  virtual void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case);
+  virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(const UnitTest& unit_test);
+  virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
+  virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration);
+  virtual void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
+
+ private:
+  static void PrintFailedTests(const UnitTest& unit_test);
+};
+
+  // Fired before each iteration of tests starts.
+void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationStart(
+    const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration) {
+  if (GTEST_FLAG(repeat) != 1)
+    printf("\nRepeating all tests (iteration %d) . . .\n\n", iteration + 1);
+
+  const char* const filter = GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str();
+
+  // Prints the filter if it's not *.  This reminds the user that some
+  // tests may be skipped.
+  if (!String::CStringEquals(filter, kUniversalFilter)) {
+    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
+                  "Note: %s filter = %s\n", GTEST_NAME_, filter);
+  }
+
+  if (internal::ShouldShard(kTestTotalShards, kTestShardIndex, false)) {
+    const Int32 shard_index = Int32FromEnvOrDie(kTestShardIndex, -1);
+    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
+                  "Note: This is test shard %d of %s.\n",
+                  static_cast<int>(shard_index) + 1,
+                  internal::posix::GetEnv(kTestTotalShards));
+  }
+
+  if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) {
+    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
+                  "Note: Randomizing tests' orders with a seed of %d .\n",
+                  unit_test.random_seed());
+  }
+
+  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[==========] ");
+  printf("Running %s from %s.\n",
+         FormatTestCount(unit_test.test_to_run_count()).c_str(),
+         FormatTestCaseCount(unit_test.test_case_to_run_count()).c_str());
+  fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(
+    const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {
+  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[----------] ");
+  printf("Global test environment set-up.\n");
+  fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case) {
+  const std::string counts =
+      FormatCountableNoun(test_case.test_to_run_count(), "test", "tests");
+  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] ");
+  printf("%s from %s", counts.c_str(), test_case.name());
+  if (test_case.type_param() == NULL) {
+    printf("\n");
+  } else {
+    printf(", where %s = %s\n", kTypeParamLabel, test_case.type_param());
+  }
+  fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info) {
+  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[ RUN      ] ");
+  PrintTestName(test_info.test_case_name(), test_info.name());
+  printf("\n");
+  fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+// Called after an assertion failure.
+void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestPartResult(
+    const TestPartResult& result) {
+  // If the test part succeeded, we don't need to do anything.
+  if (result.type() == TestPartResult::kSuccess)
+    return;
+
+  // Print failure message from the assertion (e.g. expected this and got that).
+  PrintTestPartResult(result);
+  fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info) {
+  if (test_info.result()->Passed()) {
+    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[       OK ] ");
+  } else {
+    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, "[  FAILED  ] ");
+  }
+  PrintTestName(test_info.test_case_name(), test_info.name());
+  if (test_info.result()->Failed())
+    PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(test_info);
+
+  if (GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) {
+    printf(" (%s ms)\n", internal::StreamableToString(
+           test_info.result()->elapsed_time()).c_str());
+  } else {
+    printf("\n");
+  }
+  fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case) {
+  if (!GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) return;
+
+  const std::string counts =
+      FormatCountableNoun(test_case.test_to_run_count(), "test", "tests");
+  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] ");
+  printf("%s from %s (%s ms total)\n\n",
+         counts.c_str(), test_case.name(),
+         internal::StreamableToString(test_case.elapsed_time()).c_str());
+  fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(
+    const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {
+  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[----------] ");
+  printf("Global test environment tear-down\n");
+  fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+// Internal helper for printing the list of failed tests.
+void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintFailedTests(const UnitTest& unit_test) {
+  const int failed_test_count = unit_test.failed_test_count();
+  if (failed_test_count == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_case_count(); ++i) {
+    const TestCase& test_case = *unit_test.GetTestCase(i);
+    if (!test_case.should_run() || (test_case.failed_test_count() == 0)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    for (int j = 0; j < test_case.total_test_count(); ++j) {
+      const TestInfo& test_info = *test_case.GetTestInfo(j);
+      if (!test_info.should_run() || test_info.result()->Passed()) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, "[  FAILED  ] ");
+      printf("%s.%s", test_case.name(), test_info.name());
+      PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(test_info);
+      printf("\n");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test,
+                                                     int /*iteration*/) {
+  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[==========] ");
+  printf("%s from %s ran.",
+         FormatTestCount(unit_test.test_to_run_count()).c_str(),
+         FormatTestCaseCount(unit_test.test_case_to_run_count()).c_str());
+  if (GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) {
+    printf(" (%s ms total)",
+           internal::StreamableToString(unit_test.elapsed_time()).c_str());
+  }
+  printf("\n");
+  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[  PASSED  ] ");
+  printf("%s.\n", FormatTestCount(unit_test.successful_test_count()).c_str());
+
+  int num_failures = unit_test.failed_test_count();
+  if (!unit_test.Passed()) {
+    const int failed_test_count = unit_test.failed_test_count();
+    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED,  "[  FAILED  ] ");
+    printf("%s, listed below:\n", FormatTestCount(failed_test_count).c_str());
+    PrintFailedTests(unit_test);
+    printf("\n%2d FAILED %s\n", num_failures,
+                        num_failures == 1 ? "TEST" : "TESTS");
+  }
+
+  int num_disabled = unit_test.reportable_disabled_test_count();
+  if (num_disabled && !GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests)) {
+    if (!num_failures) {
+      printf("\n");  // Add a spacer if no FAILURE banner is displayed.
+    }
+    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
+                  "  YOU HAVE %d DISABLED %s\n\n",
+                  num_disabled,
+                  num_disabled == 1 ? "TEST" : "TESTS");
+  }
+  // Ensure that Google Test output is printed before, e.g., heapchecker output.
+  fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+// End PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter
+
+// class TestEventRepeater
+//
+// This class forwards events to other event listeners.
+class TestEventRepeater : public TestEventListener {
+ public:
+  TestEventRepeater() : forwarding_enabled_(true) {}
+  virtual ~TestEventRepeater();
+  void Append(TestEventListener *listener);
+  TestEventListener* Release(TestEventListener* listener);
+
+  // Controls whether events will be forwarded to listeners_. Set to false
+  // in death test child processes.
+  bool forwarding_enabled() const { return forwarding_enabled_; }
+  void set_forwarding_enabled(bool enable) { forwarding_enabled_ = enable; }
+
+  virtual void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& unit_test);
+  virtual void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration);
+  virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(const UnitTest& unit_test);
+  virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test);
+  virtual void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case);
+  virtual void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info);
+  virtual void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& result);
+  virtual void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info);
+  virtual void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case);
+  virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(const UnitTest& unit_test);
+  virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test);
+  virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration);
+  virtual void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test);
+
+ private:
+  // Controls whether events will be forwarded to listeners_. Set to false
+  // in death test child processes.
+  bool forwarding_enabled_;
+  // The list of listeners that receive events.
+  std::vector<TestEventListener*> listeners_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestEventRepeater);
+};
+
+TestEventRepeater::~TestEventRepeater() {
+  ForEach(listeners_, Delete<TestEventListener>);
+}
+
+void TestEventRepeater::Append(TestEventListener *listener) {
+  listeners_.push_back(listener);
+}
+
+// TODO(vladl@google.com): Factor the search functionality into Vector::Find.
+TestEventListener* TestEventRepeater::Release(TestEventListener *listener) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < listeners_.size(); ++i) {
+    if (listeners_[i] == listener) {
+      listeners_.erase(listeners_.begin() + i);
+      return listener;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+// Since most methods are very similar, use macros to reduce boilerplate.
+// This defines a member that forwards the call to all listeners.
+#define GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(Name, Type) \
+void TestEventRepeater::Name(const Type& parameter) { \
+  if (forwarding_enabled_) { \
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < listeners_.size(); i++) { \
+      listeners_[i]->Name(parameter); \
+    } \
+  } \
+}
+// This defines a member that forwards the call to all listeners in reverse
+// order.
+#define GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(Name, Type) \
+void TestEventRepeater::Name(const Type& parameter) { \
+  if (forwarding_enabled_) { \
+    for (int i = static_cast<int>(listeners_.size()) - 1; i >= 0; i--) { \
+      listeners_[i]->Name(parameter); \
+    } \
+  } \
+}
+
+GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestProgramStart, UnitTest)
+GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart, UnitTest)
+GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestCaseStart, TestCase)
+GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestStart, TestInfo)
+GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestPartResult, TestPartResult)
+GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart, UnitTest)
+GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd, UnitTest)
+GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd, UnitTest)
+GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestEnd, TestInfo)
+GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestCaseEnd, TestCase)
+GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestProgramEnd, UnitTest)
+
+#undef GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_
+#undef GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_
+
+void TestEventRepeater::OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& unit_test,
+                                             int iteration) {
+  if (forwarding_enabled_) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < listeners_.size(); i++) {
+      listeners_[i]->OnTestIterationStart(unit_test, iteration);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void TestEventRepeater::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test,
+                                           int iteration) {
+  if (forwarding_enabled_) {
+    for (int i = static_cast<int>(listeners_.size()) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      listeners_[i]->OnTestIterationEnd(unit_test, iteration);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// End TestEventRepeater
+
+// This class generates an XML output file.
+class XmlUnitTestResultPrinter : public EmptyTestEventListener {
+ public:
+  explicit XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(const char* output_file);
+
+  virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration);
+
+ private:
+  // Is c a whitespace character that is normalized to a space character
+  // when it appears in an XML attribute value?
+  static bool IsNormalizableWhitespace(char c) {
+    return c == 0x9 || c == 0xA || c == 0xD;
+  }
+
+  // May c appear in a well-formed XML document?
+  static bool IsValidXmlCharacter(char c) {
+    return IsNormalizableWhitespace(c) || c >= 0x20;
+  }
+
+  // Returns an XML-escaped copy of the input string str.  If
+  // is_attribute is true, the text is meant to appear as an attribute
+  // value, and normalizable whitespace is preserved by replacing it
+  // with character references.
+  static std::string EscapeXml(const std::string& str, bool is_attribute);
+
+  // Returns the given string with all characters invalid in XML removed.
+  static std::string RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(const std::string& str);
+
+  // Convenience wrapper around EscapeXml when str is an attribute value.
+  static std::string EscapeXmlAttribute(const std::string& str) {
+    return EscapeXml(str, true);
+  }
+
+  // Convenience wrapper around EscapeXml when str is not an attribute value.
+  static std::string EscapeXmlText(const char* str) {
+    return EscapeXml(str, false);
+  }
+
+  // Verifies that the given attribute belongs to the given element and
+  // streams the attribute as XML.
+  static void OutputXmlAttribute(std::ostream* stream,
+                                 const std::string& element_name,
+                                 const std::string& name,
+                                 const std::string& value);
+
+  // Streams an XML CDATA section, escaping invalid CDATA sequences as needed.
+  static void OutputXmlCDataSection(::std::ostream* stream, const char* data);
+
+  // Streams an XML representation of a TestInfo object.
+  static void OutputXmlTestInfo(::std::ostream* stream,
+                                const char* test_case_name,
+                                const TestInfo& test_info);
+
+  // Prints an XML representation of a TestCase object
+  static void PrintXmlTestCase(::std::ostream* stream,
+                               const TestCase& test_case);
+
+  // Prints an XML summary of unit_test to output stream out.
+  static void PrintXmlUnitTest(::std::ostream* stream,
+                               const UnitTest& unit_test);
+
+  // Produces a string representing the test properties in a result as space
+  // delimited XML attributes based on the property key="value" pairs.
+  // When the std::string is not empty, it includes a space at the beginning,
+  // to delimit this attribute from prior attributes.
+  static std::string TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(const TestResult& result);
+
+  // The output file.
+  const std::string output_file_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(XmlUnitTestResultPrinter);
+};
+
+// Creates a new XmlUnitTestResultPrinter.
+XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(const char* output_file)
+    : output_file_(output_file) {
+  if (output_file_.c_str() == NULL || output_file_.empty()) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "XML output file may not be null\n");
+    fflush(stderr);
+    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+  }
+}
+
+// Called after the unit test ends.
+void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test,
+                                                  int /*iteration*/) {
+  FILE* xmlout = NULL;
+  FilePath output_file(output_file_);
+  FilePath output_dir(output_file.RemoveFileName());
+
+  if (output_dir.CreateDirectoriesRecursively()) {
+    xmlout = posix::FOpen(output_file_.c_str(), "w");
+  }
+  if (xmlout == NULL) {
+    // TODO(wan): report the reason of the failure.
+    //
+    // We don't do it for now as:
+    //
+    //   1. There is no urgent need for it.
+    //   2. It's a bit involved to make the errno variable thread-safe on
+    //      all three operating systems (Linux, Windows, and Mac OS).
+    //   3. To interpret the meaning of errno in a thread-safe way,
+    //      we need the strerror_r() function, which is not available on
+    //      Windows.
+    fprintf(stderr,
+            "Unable to open file \"%s\"\n",
+            output_file_.c_str());
+    fflush(stderr);
+    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+  }
+  std::stringstream stream;
+  PrintXmlUnitTest(&stream, unit_test);
+  fprintf(xmlout, "%s", StringStreamToString(&stream).c_str());
+  fclose(xmlout);
+}
+
+// Returns an XML-escaped copy of the input string str.  If is_attribute
+// is true, the text is meant to appear as an attribute value, and
+// normalizable whitespace is preserved by replacing it with character
+// references.
+//
+// Invalid XML characters in str, if any, are stripped from the output.
+// It is expected that most, if not all, of the text processed by this
+// module will consist of ordinary English text.
+// If this module is ever modified to produce version 1.1 XML output,
+// most invalid characters can be retained using character references.
+// TODO(wan): It might be nice to have a minimally invasive, human-readable
+// escaping scheme for invalid characters, rather than dropping them.
+std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::EscapeXml(
+    const std::string& str, bool is_attribute) {
+  Message m;
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i) {
+    const char ch = str[i];
+    switch (ch) {
+      case '<':
+        m << "&lt;";
+        break;
+      case '>':
+        m << "&gt;";
+        break;
+      case '&':
+        m << "&amp;";
+        break;
+      case '\'':
+        if (is_attribute)
+          m << "&apos;";
+        else
+          m << '\'';
+        break;
+      case '"':
+        if (is_attribute)
+          m << "&quot;";
+        else
+          m << '"';
+        break;
+      default:
+        if (IsValidXmlCharacter(ch)) {
+          if (is_attribute && IsNormalizableWhitespace(ch))
+            m << "&#x" << String::FormatByte(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch))
+              << ";";
+          else
+            m << ch;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return m.GetString();
+}
+
+// Returns the given string with all characters invalid in XML removed.
+// Currently invalid characters are dropped from the string. An
+// alternative is to replace them with certain characters such as . or ?.
+std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(
+    const std::string& str) {
+  std::string output;
+  output.reserve(str.size());
+  for (std::string::const_iterator it = str.begin(); it != str.end(); ++it)
+    if (IsValidXmlCharacter(*it))
+      output.push_back(*it);
+
+  return output;
+}
+
+// The following routines generate an XML representation of a UnitTest
+// object.
+//
+// This is how Google Test concepts map to the DTD:
+//
+// <testsuites name="AllTests">        <-- corresponds to a UnitTest object
+//   <testsuite name="testcase-name">  <-- corresponds to a TestCase object
+//     <testcase name="test-name">     <-- corresponds to a TestInfo object
+//       <failure message="...">...</failure>
+//       <failure message="...">...</failure>
+//       <failure message="...">...</failure>
+//                                     <-- individual assertion failures
+//     </testcase>
+//   </testsuite>
+// </testsuites>
+
+// Formats the given time in milliseconds as seconds.
+std::string FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(TimeInMillis ms) {
+  ::std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << (static_cast<double>(ms) * 1e-3);
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+static bool PortableLocaltime(time_t seconds, struct tm* out) {
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+  return localtime_s(out, &seconds) == 0;
+#elif defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64__)
+  // MINGW <time.h> provides neither localtime_r nor localtime_s, but uses
+  // Windows' localtime(), which has a thread-local tm buffer.
+  struct tm* tm_ptr = localtime(&seconds);  // NOLINT
+  if (tm_ptr == NULL)
+    return false;
+  *out = *tm_ptr;
+  return true;
+#else
+  return localtime_r(&seconds, out) != NULL;
+#endif
+}
+
+// Converts the given epoch time in milliseconds to a date string in the ISO
+// 8601 format, without the timezone information.
+std::string FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(TimeInMillis ms) {
+  struct tm time_struct;
+  if (!PortableLocaltime(static_cast<time_t>(ms / 1000), &time_struct))
+    return "";
+  // YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss
+  return StreamableToString(time_struct.tm_year + 1900) + "-" +
+      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_mon + 1) + "-" +
+      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_mday) + "T" +
+      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_hour) + ":" +
+      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_min) + ":" +
+      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_sec);
+}
+
+// Streams an XML CDATA section, escaping invalid CDATA sequences as needed.
+void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlCDataSection(::std::ostream* stream,
+                                                     const char* data) {
+  const char* segment = data;
+  *stream << "<![CDATA[";
+  for (;;) {
+    const char* const next_segment = strstr(segment, "]]>");
+    if (next_segment != NULL) {
+      stream->write(
+          segment, static_cast<std::streamsize>(next_segment - segment));
+      *stream << "]]>]]&gt;<![CDATA[";
+      segment = next_segment + strlen("]]>");
+    } else {
+      *stream << segment;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  *stream << "]]>";
+}
+
+void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlAttribute(
+    std::ostream* stream,
+    const std::string& element_name,
+    const std::string& name,
+    const std::string& value) {
+  const std::vector<std::string>& allowed_names =
+      GetReservedAttributesForElement(element_name);
+
+  GTEST_CHECK_(std::find(allowed_names.begin(), allowed_names.end(), name) !=
+                   allowed_names.end())
+      << "Attribute " << name << " is not allowed for element <" << element_name
+      << ">.";
+
+  *stream << " " << name << "=\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(value) << "\"";
+}
+
+// Prints an XML representation of a TestInfo object.
+// TODO(wan): There is also value in printing properties with the plain printer.
+void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlTestInfo(::std::ostream* stream,
+                                                 const char* test_case_name,
+                                                 const TestInfo& test_info) {
+  const TestResult& result = *test_info.result();
+  const std::string kTestcase = "testcase";
+
+  *stream << "    <testcase";
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "name", test_info.name());
+
+  if (test_info.value_param() != NULL) {
+    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "value_param",
+                       test_info.value_param());
+  }
+  if (test_info.type_param() != NULL) {
+    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "type_param", test_info.type_param());
+  }
+
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "status",
+                     test_info.should_run() ? "run" : "notrun");
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "time",
+                     FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(result.elapsed_time()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "classname", test_case_name);
+  *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(result);
+
+  int failures = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < result.total_part_count(); ++i) {
+    const TestPartResult& part = result.GetTestPartResult(i);
+    if (part.failed()) {
+      if (++failures == 1) {
+        *stream << ">\n";
+      }
+      const string location = internal::FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(
+          part.file_name(), part.line_number());
+      const string summary = location + "\n" + part.summary();
+      *stream << "      <failure message=\""
+              << EscapeXmlAttribute(summary.c_str())
+              << "\" type=\"\">";
+      const string detail = location + "\n" + part.message();
+      OutputXmlCDataSection(stream, RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(detail).c_str());
+      *stream << "</failure>\n";
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (failures == 0)
+    *stream << " />\n";
+  else
+    *stream << "    </testcase>\n";
+}
+
+// Prints an XML representation of a TestCase object
+void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlTestCase(std::ostream* stream,
+                                                const TestCase& test_case) {
+  const std::string kTestsuite = "testsuite";
+  *stream << "  <" << kTestsuite;
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "name", test_case.name());
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "tests",
+                     StreamableToString(test_case.reportable_test_count()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "failures",
+                     StreamableToString(test_case.failed_test_count()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(
+      stream, kTestsuite, "disabled",
+      StreamableToString(test_case.reportable_disabled_test_count()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "errors", "0");
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "time",
+                     FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(test_case.elapsed_time()));
+  *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(test_case.ad_hoc_test_result())
+          << ">\n";
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < test_case.total_test_count(); ++i) {
+    if (test_case.GetTestInfo(i)->is_reportable())
+      OutputXmlTestInfo(stream, test_case.name(), *test_case.GetTestInfo(i));
+  }
+  *stream << "  </" << kTestsuite << ">\n";
+}
+
+// Prints an XML summary of unit_test to output stream out.
+void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlUnitTest(std::ostream* stream,
+                                                const UnitTest& unit_test) {
+  const std::string kTestsuites = "testsuites";
+
+  *stream << "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n";
+  *stream << "<" << kTestsuites;
+
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "tests",
+                     StreamableToString(unit_test.reportable_test_count()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "failures",
+                     StreamableToString(unit_test.failed_test_count()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(
+      stream, kTestsuites, "disabled",
+      StreamableToString(unit_test.reportable_disabled_test_count()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "errors", "0");
+  OutputXmlAttribute(
+      stream, kTestsuites, "timestamp",
+      FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(unit_test.start_timestamp()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "time",
+                     FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(unit_test.elapsed_time()));
+
+  if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) {
+    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "random_seed",
+                       StreamableToString(unit_test.random_seed()));
+  }
+
+  *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(unit_test.ad_hoc_test_result());
+
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "name", "AllTests");
+  *stream << ">\n";
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_case_count(); ++i) {
+    if (unit_test.GetTestCase(i)->reportable_test_count() > 0)
+      PrintXmlTestCase(stream, *unit_test.GetTestCase(i));
+  }
+  *stream << "</" << kTestsuites << ">\n";
+}
+
+// Produces a string representing the test properties in a result as space
+// delimited XML attributes based on the property key="value" pairs.
+std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(
+    const TestResult& result) {
+  Message attributes;
+  for (int i = 0; i < result.test_property_count(); ++i) {
+    const TestProperty& property = result.GetTestProperty(i);
+    attributes << " " << property.key() << "="
+        << "\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(property.value()) << "\"";
+  }
+  return attributes.GetString();
+}
+
+// End XmlUnitTestResultPrinter
+
+#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+
+// Checks if str contains '=', '&', '%' or '\n' characters. If yes,
+// replaces them by "%xx" where xx is their hexadecimal value. For
+// example, replaces "=" with "%3D".  This algorithm is O(strlen(str))
+// in both time and space -- important as the input str may contain an
+// arbitrarily long test failure message and stack trace.
+string StreamingListener::UrlEncode(const char* str) {
+  string result;
+  result.reserve(strlen(str) + 1);
+  for (char ch = *str; ch != '\0'; ch = *++str) {
+    switch (ch) {
+      case '%':
+      case '=':
+      case '&':
+      case '\n':
+        result.append("%" + String::FormatByte(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
+        break;
+      default:
+        result.push_back(ch);
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+void StreamingListener::SocketWriter::MakeConnection() {
+  GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ == -1)
+      << "MakeConnection() can't be called when there is already a connection.";
+
+  addrinfo hints;
+  memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
+  hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;    // To allow both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
+  hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
+  addrinfo* servinfo = NULL;
+
+  // Use the getaddrinfo() to get a linked list of IP addresses for
+  // the given host name.
+  const int error_num = getaddrinfo(
+      host_name_.c_str(), port_num_.c_str(), &hints, &servinfo);
+  if (error_num != 0) {
+    GTEST_LOG_(WARNING) << "stream_result_to: getaddrinfo() failed: "
+                        << gai_strerror(error_num);
+  }
+
+  // Loop through all the results and connect to the first we can.
+  for (addrinfo* cur_addr = servinfo; sockfd_ == -1 && cur_addr != NULL;
+       cur_addr = cur_addr->ai_next) {
+    sockfd_ = socket(
+        cur_addr->ai_family, cur_addr->ai_socktype, cur_addr->ai_protocol);
+    if (sockfd_ != -1) {
+      // Connect the client socket to the server socket.
+      if (connect(sockfd_, cur_addr->ai_addr, cur_addr->ai_addrlen) == -1) {
+        close(sockfd_);
+        sockfd_ = -1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  freeaddrinfo(servinfo);  // all done with this structure
+
+  if (sockfd_ == -1) {
+    GTEST_LOG_(WARNING) << "stream_result_to: failed to connect to "
+                        << host_name_ << ":" << port_num_;
+  }
+}
+
+// End of class Streaming Listener
+#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS__
+
+// Class ScopedTrace
+
+// Pushes the given source file location and message onto a per-thread
+// trace stack maintained by Google Test.
+ScopedTrace::ScopedTrace(const char* file, int line, const Message& message)
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(&UnitTest::mutex_) {
+  TraceInfo trace;
+  trace.file = file;
+  trace.line = line;
+  trace.message = message.GetString();
+
+  UnitTest::GetInstance()->PushGTestTrace(trace);
+}
+
+// Pops the info pushed by the c'tor.
+ScopedTrace::~ScopedTrace()
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(&UnitTest::mutex_) {
+  UnitTest::GetInstance()->PopGTestTrace();
+}
+
+
+// class OsStackTraceGetter
+
+const char* const OsStackTraceGetterInterface::kElidedFramesMarker =
+    "... " GTEST_NAME_ " internal frames ...";
+
+string OsStackTraceGetter::CurrentStackTrace(int /*max_depth*/,
+                                             int /*skip_count*/) {
+  return "";
+}
+
+void OsStackTraceGetter::UponLeavingGTest() {}
+
+// A helper class that creates the premature-exit file in its
+// constructor and deletes the file in its destructor.
+class ScopedPrematureExitFile {
+ public:
+  explicit ScopedPrematureExitFile(const char* premature_exit_filepath)
+      : premature_exit_filepath_(premature_exit_filepath) {
+    // If a path to the premature-exit file is specified...
+    if (premature_exit_filepath != NULL && *premature_exit_filepath != '\0') {
+      // create the file with a single "0" character in it.  I/O
+      // errors are ignored as there's nothing better we can do and we
+      // don't want to fail the test because of this.
+      FILE* pfile = posix::FOpen(premature_exit_filepath, "w");
+      fwrite("0", 1, 1, pfile);
+      fclose(pfile);
+    }
+  }
+
+  ~ScopedPrematureExitFile() {
+    if (premature_exit_filepath_ != NULL && *premature_exit_filepath_ != '\0') {
+      remove(premature_exit_filepath_);
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const char* const premature_exit_filepath_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ScopedPrematureExitFile);
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// class TestEventListeners
+
+TestEventListeners::TestEventListeners()
+    : repeater_(new internal::TestEventRepeater()),
+      default_result_printer_(NULL),
+      default_xml_generator_(NULL) {
+}
+
+TestEventListeners::~TestEventListeners() { delete repeater_; }
+
+// Returns the standard listener responsible for the default console
+// output.  Can be removed from the listeners list to shut down default
+// console output.  Note that removing this object from the listener list
+// with Release transfers its ownership to the user.
+void TestEventListeners::Append(TestEventListener* listener) {
+  repeater_->Append(listener);
+}
+
+// Removes the given event listener from the list and returns it.  It then
+// becomes the caller's responsibility to delete the listener. Returns
+// NULL if the listener is not found in the list.
+TestEventListener* TestEventListeners::Release(TestEventListener* listener) {
+  if (listener == default_result_printer_)
+    default_result_printer_ = NULL;
+  else if (listener == default_xml_generator_)
+    default_xml_generator_ = NULL;
+  return repeater_->Release(listener);
+}
+
+// Returns repeater that broadcasts the TestEventListener events to all
+// subscribers.
+TestEventListener* TestEventListeners::repeater() { return repeater_; }
+
+// Sets the default_result_printer attribute to the provided listener.
+// The listener is also added to the listener list and previous
+// default_result_printer is removed from it and deleted. The listener can
+// also be NULL in which case it will not be added to the list. Does
+// nothing if the previous and the current listener objects are the same.
+void TestEventListeners::SetDefaultResultPrinter(TestEventListener* listener) {
+  if (default_result_printer_ != listener) {
+    // It is an error to pass this method a listener that is already in the
+    // list.
+    delete Release(default_result_printer_);
+    default_result_printer_ = listener;
+    if (listener != NULL)
+      Append(listener);
+  }
+}
+
+// Sets the default_xml_generator attribute to the provided listener.  The
+// listener is also added to the listener list and previous
+// default_xml_generator is removed from it and deleted. The listener can
+// also be NULL in which case it will not be added to the list. Does
+// nothing if the previous and the current listener objects are the same.
+void TestEventListeners::SetDefaultXmlGenerator(TestEventListener* listener) {
+  if (default_xml_generator_ != listener) {
+    // It is an error to pass this method a listener that is already in the
+    // list.
+    delete Release(default_xml_generator_);
+    default_xml_generator_ = listener;
+    if (listener != NULL)
+      Append(listener);
+  }
+}
+
+// Controls whether events will be forwarded by the repeater to the
+// listeners in the list.
+bool TestEventListeners::EventForwardingEnabled() const {
+  return repeater_->forwarding_enabled();
+}
+
+void TestEventListeners::SuppressEventForwarding() {
+  repeater_->set_forwarding_enabled(false);
+}
+
+// class UnitTest
+
+// Gets the singleton UnitTest object.  The first time this method is
+// called, a UnitTest object is constructed and returned.  Consecutive
+// calls will return the same object.
+//
+// We don't protect this under mutex_ as a user is not supposed to
+// call this before main() starts, from which point on the return
+// value will never change.
+UnitTest* UnitTest::GetInstance() {
+  // When compiled with MSVC 7.1 in optimized mode, destroying the
+  // UnitTest object upon exiting the program messes up the exit code,
+  // causing successful tests to appear failed.  We have to use a
+  // different implementation in this case to bypass the compiler bug.
+  // This implementation makes the compiler happy, at the cost of
+  // leaking the UnitTest object.
+
+  // CodeGear C++Builder insists on a public destructor for the
+  // default implementation.  Use this implementation to keep good OO
+  // design with private destructor.
+
+#if (_MSC_VER == 1310 && !defined(_DEBUG)) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
+  static UnitTest* const instance = new UnitTest;
+  return instance;
+#else
+  static UnitTest instance;
+  return &instance;
+#endif  // (_MSC_VER == 1310 && !defined(_DEBUG)) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
+}
+
+// Gets the number of successful test cases.
+int UnitTest::successful_test_case_count() const {
+  return impl()->successful_test_case_count();
+}
+
+// Gets the number of failed test cases.
+int UnitTest::failed_test_case_count() const {
+  return impl()->failed_test_case_count();
+}
+
+// Gets the number of all test cases.
+int UnitTest::total_test_case_count() const {
+  return impl()->total_test_case_count();
+}
+
+// Gets the number of all test cases that contain at least one test
+// that should run.
+int UnitTest::test_case_to_run_count() const {
+  return impl()->test_case_to_run_count();
+}
+
+// Gets the number of successful tests.
+int UnitTest::successful_test_count() const {
+  return impl()->successful_test_count();
+}
+
+// Gets the number of failed tests.
+int UnitTest::failed_test_count() const { return impl()->failed_test_count(); }
+
+// Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
+int UnitTest::reportable_disabled_test_count() const {
+  return impl()->reportable_disabled_test_count();
+}
+
+// Gets the number of disabled tests.
+int UnitTest::disabled_test_count() const {
+  return impl()->disabled_test_count();
+}
+
+// Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
+int UnitTest::reportable_test_count() const {
+  return impl()->reportable_test_count();
+}
+
+// Gets the number of all tests.
+int UnitTest::total_test_count() const { return impl()->total_test_count(); }
+
+// Gets the number of tests that should run.
+int UnitTest::test_to_run_count() const { return impl()->test_to_run_count(); }
+
+// Gets the time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
+// UNIX epoch.
+internal::TimeInMillis UnitTest::start_timestamp() const {
+    return impl()->start_timestamp();
+}
+
+// Gets the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
+internal::TimeInMillis UnitTest::elapsed_time() const {
+  return impl()->elapsed_time();
+}
+
+// Returns true iff the unit test passed (i.e. all test cases passed).
+bool UnitTest::Passed() const { return impl()->Passed(); }
+
+// Returns true iff the unit test failed (i.e. some test case failed
+// or something outside of all tests failed).
+bool UnitTest::Failed() const { return impl()->Failed(); }
+
+// Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
+// total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
+const TestCase* UnitTest::GetTestCase(int i) const {
+  return impl()->GetTestCase(i);
+}
+
+// Returns the TestResult containing information on test failures and
+// properties logged outside of individual test cases.
+const TestResult& UnitTest::ad_hoc_test_result() const {
+  return *impl()->ad_hoc_test_result();
+}
+
+// Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
+// total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
+TestCase* UnitTest::GetMutableTestCase(int i) {
+  return impl()->GetMutableTestCase(i);
+}
+
+// Returns the list of event listeners that can be used to track events
+// inside Google Test.
+TestEventListeners& UnitTest::listeners() {
+  return *impl()->listeners();
+}
+
+// Registers and returns a global test environment.  When a test
+// program is run, all global test environments will be set-up in the
+// order they were registered.  After all tests in the program have
+// finished, all global test environments will be torn-down in the
+// *reverse* order they were registered.
+//
+// The UnitTest object takes ownership of the given environment.
+//
+// We don't protect this under mutex_, as we only support calling it
+// from the main thread.
+Environment* UnitTest::AddEnvironment(Environment* env) {
+  if (env == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  impl_->environments().push_back(env);
+  return env;
+}
+
+// Adds a TestPartResult to the current TestResult object.  All Google Test
+// assertion macros (e.g. ASSERT_TRUE, EXPECT_EQ, etc) eventually call
+// this to report their results.  The user code should use the
+// assertion macros instead of calling this directly.
+void UnitTest::AddTestPartResult(
+    TestPartResult::Type result_type,
+    const char* file_name,
+    int line_number,
+    const std::string& message,
+    const std::string& os_stack_trace) GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
+  Message msg;
+  msg << message;
+
+  internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
+  if (impl_->gtest_trace_stack().size() > 0) {
+    msg << "\n" << GTEST_NAME_ << " trace:";
+
+    for (int i = static_cast<int>(impl_->gtest_trace_stack().size());
+         i > 0; --i) {
+      const internal::TraceInfo& trace = impl_->gtest_trace_stack()[i - 1];
+      msg << "\n" << internal::FormatFileLocation(trace.file, trace.line)
+          << " " << trace.message;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (os_stack_trace.c_str() != NULL && !os_stack_trace.empty()) {
+    msg << internal::kStackTraceMarker << os_stack_trace;
+  }
+
+  const TestPartResult result =
+    TestPartResult(result_type, file_name, line_number,
+                   msg.GetString().c_str());
+  impl_->GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread()->
+      ReportTestPartResult(result);
+
+  if (result_type != TestPartResult::kSuccess) {
+    // gtest_break_on_failure takes precedence over
+    // gtest_throw_on_failure.  This allows a user to set the latter
+    // in the code (perhaps in order to use Google Test assertions
+    // with another testing framework) and specify the former on the
+    // command line for debugging.
+    if (GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure)) {
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+      // Using DebugBreak on Windows allows gtest to still break into a debugger
+      // when a failure happens and both the --gtest_break_on_failure and
+      // the --gtest_catch_exceptions flags are specified.
+      DebugBreak();
+#else
+      // Dereference NULL through a volatile pointer to prevent the compiler
+      // from removing. We use this rather than abort() or __builtin_trap() for
+      // portability: Symbian doesn't implement abort() well, and some debuggers
+      // don't correctly trap abort().
+      *static_cast<volatile int*>(NULL) = 1;
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+    } else if (GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure)) {
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+      throw internal::GoogleTestFailureException(result);
+#else
+      // We cannot call abort() as it generates a pop-up in debug mode
+      // that cannot be suppressed in VC 7.1 or below.
+      exit(1);
+#endif
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked from
+// inside a test, to current TestCase's ad_hoc_test_result_ when invoked
+// from SetUpTestCase or TearDownTestCase, or to the global property set
+// when invoked elsewhere.  If the result already contains a property with
+// the same key, the value will be updated.
+void UnitTest::RecordProperty(const std::string& key,
+                              const std::string& value) {
+  impl_->RecordProperty(TestProperty(key, value));
+}
+
+// Runs all tests in this UnitTest object and prints the result.
+// Returns 0 if successful, or 1 otherwise.
+//
+// We don't protect this under mutex_, as we only support calling it
+// from the main thread.
+int UnitTest::Run() {
+  const bool in_death_test_child_process =
+      internal::GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).length() > 0;
+
+  // Google Test implements this protocol for catching that a test
+  // program exits before returning control to Google Test:
+  //
+  //   1. Upon start, Google Test creates a file whose absolute path
+  //      is specified by the environment variable
+  //      TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE.
+  //   2. When Google Test has finished its work, it deletes the file.
+  //
+  // This allows a test runner to set TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE before
+  // running a Google-Test-based test program and check the existence
+  // of the file at the end of the test execution to see if it has
+  // exited prematurely.
+
+  // If we are in the child process of a death test, don't
+  // create/delete the premature exit file, as doing so is unnecessary
+  // and will confuse the parent process.  Otherwise, create/delete
+  // the file upon entering/leaving this function.  If the program
+  // somehow exits before this function has a chance to return, the
+  // premature-exit file will be left undeleted, causing a test runner
+  // that understands the premature-exit-file protocol to report the
+  // test as having failed.
+  const internal::ScopedPrematureExitFile premature_exit_file(
+      in_death_test_child_process ?
+      NULL : internal::posix::GetEnv("TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE"));
+
+  // Captures the value of GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions).  This value will be
+  // used for the duration of the program.
+  impl()->set_catch_exceptions(GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions));
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_SEH
+  // Either the user wants Google Test to catch exceptions thrown by the
+  // tests or this is executing in the context of death test child
+  // process. In either case the user does not want to see pop-up dialogs
+  // about crashes - they are expected.
+  if (impl()->catch_exceptions() || in_death_test_child_process) {
+# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+    // SetErrorMode doesn't exist on CE.
+    SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS | SEM_NOALIGNMENTFAULTEXCEPT |
+                 SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX | SEM_NOOPENFILEERRORBOX);
+# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+# if (defined(_MSC_VER) || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW) && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+    // Death test children can be terminated with _abort().  On Windows,
+    // _abort() can show a dialog with a warning message.  This forces the
+    // abort message to go to stderr instead.
+    _set_error_mode(_OUT_TO_STDERR);
+# endif
+
+# if _MSC_VER >= 1400 && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+    // In the debug version, Visual Studio pops up a separate dialog
+    // offering a choice to debug the aborted program. We need to suppress
+    // this dialog or it will pop up for every EXPECT/ASSERT_DEATH statement
+    // executed. Google Test will notify the user of any unexpected
+    // failure via stderr.
+    //
+    // VC++ doesn't define _set_abort_behavior() prior to the version 8.0.
+    // Users of prior VC versions shall suffer the agony and pain of
+    // clicking through the countless debug dialogs.
+    // TODO(vladl@google.com): find a way to suppress the abort dialog() in the
+    // debug mode when compiled with VC 7.1 or lower.
+    if (!GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure))
+      _set_abort_behavior(
+          0x0,                                    // Clear the following flags:
+          _WRITE_ABORT_MSG | _CALL_REPORTFAULT);  // pop-up window, core dump.
+# endif
+  }
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
+
+  return internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
+      impl(),
+      &internal::UnitTestImpl::RunAllTests,
+      "auxiliary test code (environments or event listeners)") ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
+// Returns the working directory when the first TEST() or TEST_F() was
+// executed.
+const char* UnitTest::original_working_dir() const {
+  return impl_->original_working_dir_.c_str();
+}
+
+// Returns the TestCase object for the test that's currently running,
+// or NULL if no test is running.
+const TestCase* UnitTest::current_test_case() const
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
+  internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
+  return impl_->current_test_case();
+}
+
+// Returns the TestInfo object for the test that's currently running,
+// or NULL if no test is running.
+const TestInfo* UnitTest::current_test_info() const
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
+  internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
+  return impl_->current_test_info();
+}
+
+// Returns the random seed used at the start of the current test run.
+int UnitTest::random_seed() const { return impl_->random_seed(); }
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+// Returns ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry object used to keep track of
+// value-parameterized tests and instantiate and register them.
+internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry&
+    UnitTest::parameterized_test_registry()
+        GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
+  return impl_->parameterized_test_registry();
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+// Creates an empty UnitTest.
+UnitTest::UnitTest() {
+  impl_ = new internal::UnitTestImpl(this);
+}
+
+// Destructor of UnitTest.
+UnitTest::~UnitTest() {
+  delete impl_;
+}
+
+// Pushes a trace defined by SCOPED_TRACE() on to the per-thread
+// Google Test trace stack.
+void UnitTest::PushGTestTrace(const internal::TraceInfo& trace)
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
+  internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
+  impl_->gtest_trace_stack().push_back(trace);
+}
+
+// Pops a trace from the per-thread Google Test trace stack.
+void UnitTest::PopGTestTrace()
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
+  internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
+  impl_->gtest_trace_stack().pop_back();
+}
+
+namespace internal {
+
+UnitTestImpl::UnitTestImpl(UnitTest* parent)
+    : parent_(parent),
+      GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4355 /* using this in initializer */)
+      default_global_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
+      default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
+      GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+      global_test_part_result_repoter_(
+          &default_global_test_part_result_reporter_),
+      per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_(
+          &default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_),
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+      parameterized_test_registry_(),
+      parameterized_tests_registered_(false),
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+      last_death_test_case_(-1),
+      current_test_case_(NULL),
+      current_test_info_(NULL),
+      ad_hoc_test_result_(),
+      os_stack_trace_getter_(NULL),
+      post_flag_parse_init_performed_(false),
+      random_seed_(0),  // Will be overridden by the flag before first use.
+      random_(0),  // Will be reseeded before first use.
+      start_timestamp_(0),
+      elapsed_time_(0),
+#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+      death_test_factory_(new DefaultDeathTestFactory),
+#endif
+      // Will be overridden by the flag before first use.
+      catch_exceptions_(false) {
+  listeners()->SetDefaultResultPrinter(new PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter);
+}
+
+UnitTestImpl::~UnitTestImpl() {
+  // Deletes every TestCase.
+  ForEach(test_cases_, internal::Delete<TestCase>);
+
+  // Deletes every Environment.
+  ForEach(environments_, internal::Delete<Environment>);
+
+  delete os_stack_trace_getter_;
+}
+
+// Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked in a
+// context of a test, to current test case's ad_hoc_test_result when invoke
+// from SetUpTestCase/TearDownTestCase, or to the global property set
+// otherwise.  If the result already contains a property with the same key,
+// the value will be updated.
+void UnitTestImpl::RecordProperty(const TestProperty& test_property) {
+  std::string xml_element;
+  TestResult* test_result;  // TestResult appropriate for property recording.
+
+  if (current_test_info_ != NULL) {
+    xml_element = "testcase";
+    test_result = &(current_test_info_->result_);
+  } else if (current_test_case_ != NULL) {
+    xml_element = "testsuite";
+    test_result = &(current_test_case_->ad_hoc_test_result_);
+  } else {
+    xml_element = "testsuites";
+    test_result = &ad_hoc_test_result_;
+  }
+  test_result->RecordProperty(xml_element, test_property);
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+// Disables event forwarding if the control is currently in a death test
+// subprocess. Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
+void UnitTestImpl::SuppressTestEventsIfInSubprocess() {
+  if (internal_run_death_test_flag_.get() != NULL)
+    listeners()->SuppressEventForwarding();
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+// Initializes event listeners performing XML output as specified by
+// UnitTestOptions. Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
+void UnitTestImpl::ConfigureXmlOutput() {
+  const std::string& output_format = UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat();
+  if (output_format == "xml") {
+    listeners()->SetDefaultXmlGenerator(new XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(
+        UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile().c_str()));
+  } else if (output_format != "") {
+    printf("WARNING: unrecognized output format \"%s\" ignored.\n",
+           output_format.c_str());
+    fflush(stdout);
+  }
+}
+
+#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+// Initializes event listeners for streaming test results in string form.
+// Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
+void UnitTestImpl::ConfigureStreamingOutput() {
+  const std::string& target = GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to);
+  if (!target.empty()) {
+    const size_t pos = target.find(':');
+    if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+      listeners()->Append(new StreamingListener(target.substr(0, pos),
+                                                target.substr(pos+1)));
+    } else {
+      printf("WARNING: unrecognized streaming target \"%s\" ignored.\n",
+             target.c_str());
+      fflush(stdout);
+    }
+  }
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+
+// Performs initialization dependent upon flag values obtained in
+// ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly.  Is called from InitGoogleTest after the call to
+// ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly.  In case a user neglects to call InitGoogleTest
+// this function is also called from RunAllTests.  Since this function can be
+// called more than once, it has to be idempotent.
+void UnitTestImpl::PostFlagParsingInit() {
+  // Ensures that this function does not execute more than once.
+  if (!post_flag_parse_init_performed_) {
+    post_flag_parse_init_performed_ = true;
+
+#if defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_TEST_EVENT_LISTENER_)
+    // Register to send notifications about key process state changes.
+    listeners()->Append(new GTEST_CUSTOM_TEST_EVENT_LISTENER_());
+#endif  // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_TEST_EVENT_LISTENER_)
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+    InitDeathTestSubprocessControlInfo();
+    SuppressTestEventsIfInSubprocess();
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+    // Registers parameterized tests. This makes parameterized tests
+    // available to the UnitTest reflection API without running
+    // RUN_ALL_TESTS.
+    RegisterParameterizedTests();
+
+    // Configures listeners for XML output. This makes it possible for users
+    // to shut down the default XML output before invoking RUN_ALL_TESTS.
+    ConfigureXmlOutput();
+
+#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+    // Configures listeners for streaming test results to the specified server.
+    ConfigureStreamingOutput();
+#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+  }
+}
+
+// A predicate that checks the name of a TestCase against a known
+// value.
+//
+// This is used for implementation of the UnitTest class only.  We put
+// it in the anonymous namespace to prevent polluting the outer
+// namespace.
+//
+// TestCaseNameIs is copyable.
+class TestCaseNameIs {
+ public:
+  // Constructor.
+  explicit TestCaseNameIs(const std::string& name)
+      : name_(name) {}
+
+  // Returns true iff the name of test_case matches name_.
+  bool operator()(const TestCase* test_case) const {
+    return test_case != NULL && strcmp(test_case->name(), name_.c_str()) == 0;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::string name_;
+};
+
+// Finds and returns a TestCase with the given name.  If one doesn't
+// exist, creates one and returns it.  It's the CALLER'S
+// RESPONSIBILITY to ensure that this function is only called WHEN THE
+// TESTS ARE NOT SHUFFLED.
+//
+// Arguments:
+//
+//   test_case_name: name of the test case
+//   type_param:     the name of the test case's type parameter, or NULL if
+//                   this is not a typed or a type-parameterized test case.
+//   set_up_tc:      pointer to the function that sets up the test case
+//   tear_down_tc:   pointer to the function that tears down the test case
+TestCase* UnitTestImpl::GetTestCase(const char* test_case_name,
+                                    const char* type_param,
+                                    Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
+                                    Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc) {
+  // Can we find a TestCase with the given name?
+  const std::vector<TestCase*>::const_iterator test_case =
+      std::find_if(test_cases_.begin(), test_cases_.end(),
+                   TestCaseNameIs(test_case_name));
+
+  if (test_case != test_cases_.end())
+    return *test_case;
+
+  // No.  Let's create one.
+  TestCase* const new_test_case =
+      new TestCase(test_case_name, type_param, set_up_tc, tear_down_tc);
+
+  // Is this a death test case?
+  if (internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(test_case_name,
+                                               kDeathTestCaseFilter)) {
+    // Yes.  Inserts the test case after the last death test case
+    // defined so far.  This only works when the test cases haven't
+    // been shuffled.  Otherwise we may end up running a death test
+    // after a non-death test.
+    ++last_death_test_case_;
+    test_cases_.insert(test_cases_.begin() + last_death_test_case_,
+                       new_test_case);
+  } else {
+    // No.  Appends to the end of the list.
+    test_cases_.push_back(new_test_case);
+  }
+
+  test_case_indices_.push_back(static_cast<int>(test_case_indices_.size()));
+  return new_test_case;
+}
+
+// Helpers for setting up / tearing down the given environment.  They
+// are for use in the ForEach() function.
+static void SetUpEnvironment(Environment* env) { env->SetUp(); }
+static void TearDownEnvironment(Environment* env) { env->TearDown(); }
+
+// Runs all tests in this UnitTest object, prints the result, and
+// returns true if all tests are successful.  If any exception is
+// thrown during a test, the test is considered to be failed, but the
+// rest of the tests will still be run.
+//
+// When parameterized tests are enabled, it expands and registers
+// parameterized tests first in RegisterParameterizedTests().
+// All other functions called from RunAllTests() may safely assume that
+// parameterized tests are ready to be counted and run.
+bool UnitTestImpl::RunAllTests() {
+  // Makes sure InitGoogleTest() was called.
+  if (!GTestIsInitialized()) {
+    printf("%s",
+           "\nThis test program did NOT call ::testing::InitGoogleTest "
+           "before calling RUN_ALL_TESTS().  Please fix it.\n");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Do not run any test if the --help flag was specified.
+  if (g_help_flag)
+    return true;
+
+  // Repeats the call to the post-flag parsing initialization in case the
+  // user didn't call InitGoogleTest.
+  PostFlagParsingInit();
+
+  // Even if sharding is not on, test runners may want to use the
+  // GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE to query whether the test supports the sharding
+  // protocol.
+  internal::WriteToShardStatusFileIfNeeded();
+
+  // True iff we are in a subprocess for running a thread-safe-style
+  // death test.
+  bool in_subprocess_for_death_test = false;
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+  in_subprocess_for_death_test = (internal_run_death_test_flag_.get() != NULL);
+# if defined(GTEST_EXTRA_DEATH_TEST_CHILD_SETUP_)
+  if (in_subprocess_for_death_test) {
+    GTEST_EXTRA_DEATH_TEST_CHILD_SETUP_();
+  }
+# endif  // defined(GTEST_EXTRA_DEATH_TEST_CHILD_SETUP_)
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+  const bool should_shard = ShouldShard(kTestTotalShards, kTestShardIndex,
+                                        in_subprocess_for_death_test);
+
+  // Compares the full test names with the filter to decide which
+  // tests to run.
+  const bool has_tests_to_run = FilterTests(should_shard
+                                              ? HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL
+                                              : IGNORE_SHARDING_PROTOCOL) > 0;
+
+  // Lists the tests and exits if the --gtest_list_tests flag was specified.
+  if (GTEST_FLAG(list_tests)) {
+    // This must be called *after* FilterTests() has been called.
+    ListTestsMatchingFilter();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  random_seed_ = GTEST_FLAG(shuffle) ?
+      GetRandomSeedFromFlag(GTEST_FLAG(random_seed)) : 0;
+
+  // True iff at least one test has failed.
+  bool failed = false;
+
+  TestEventListener* repeater = listeners()->repeater();
+
+  start_timestamp_ = GetTimeInMillis();
+  repeater->OnTestProgramStart(*parent_);
+
+  // How many times to repeat the tests?  We don't want to repeat them
+  // when we are inside the subprocess of a death test.
+  const int repeat = in_subprocess_for_death_test ? 1 : GTEST_FLAG(repeat);
+  // Repeats forever if the repeat count is negative.
+  const bool forever = repeat < 0;
+  for (int i = 0; forever || i != repeat; i++) {
+    // We want to preserve failures generated by ad-hoc test
+    // assertions executed before RUN_ALL_TESTS().
+    ClearNonAdHocTestResult();
+
+    const TimeInMillis start = GetTimeInMillis();
+
+    // Shuffles test cases and tests if requested.
+    if (has_tests_to_run && GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) {
+      random()->Reseed(random_seed_);
+      // This should be done before calling OnTestIterationStart(),
+      // such that a test event listener can see the actual test order
+      // in the event.
+      ShuffleTests();
+    }
+
+    // Tells the unit test event listeners that the tests are about to start.
+    repeater->OnTestIterationStart(*parent_, i);
+
+    // Runs each test case if there is at least one test to run.
+    if (has_tests_to_run) {
+      // Sets up all environments beforehand.
+      repeater->OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(*parent_);
+      ForEach(environments_, SetUpEnvironment);
+      repeater->OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd(*parent_);
+
+      // Runs the tests only if there was no fatal failure during global
+      // set-up.
+      if (!Test::HasFatalFailure()) {
+        for (int test_index = 0; test_index < total_test_case_count();
+             test_index++) {
+          GetMutableTestCase(test_index)->Run();
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Tears down all environments in reverse order afterwards.
+      repeater->OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(*parent_);
+      std::for_each(environments_.rbegin(), environments_.rend(),
+                    TearDownEnvironment);
+      repeater->OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd(*parent_);
+    }
+
+    elapsed_time_ = GetTimeInMillis() - start;
+
+    // Tells the unit test event listener that the tests have just finished.
+    repeater->OnTestIterationEnd(*parent_, i);
+
+    // Gets the result and clears it.
+    if (!Passed()) {
+      failed = true;
+    }
+
+    // Restores the original test order after the iteration.  This
+    // allows the user to quickly repro a failure that happens in the
+    // N-th iteration without repeating the first (N - 1) iterations.
+    // This is not enclosed in "if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) { ... }", in
+    // case the user somehow changes the value of the flag somewhere
+    // (it's always safe to unshuffle the tests).
+    UnshuffleTests();
+
+    if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) {
+      // Picks a new random seed for each iteration.
+      random_seed_ = GetNextRandomSeed(random_seed_);
+    }
+  }
+
+  repeater->OnTestProgramEnd(*parent_);
+
+  return !failed;
+}
+
+// Reads the GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE environment variable, and creates the file
+// if the variable is present. If a file already exists at this location, this
+// function will write over it. If the variable is present, but the file cannot
+// be created, prints an error and exits.
+void WriteToShardStatusFileIfNeeded() {
+  const char* const test_shard_file = posix::GetEnv(kTestShardStatusFile);
+  if (test_shard_file != NULL) {
+    FILE* const file = posix::FOpen(test_shard_file, "w");
+    if (file == NULL) {
+      ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED,
+                    "Could not write to the test shard status file \"%s\" "
+                    "specified by the %s environment variable.\n",
+                    test_shard_file, kTestShardStatusFile);
+      fflush(stdout);
+      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+    fclose(file);
+  }
+}
+
+// Checks whether sharding is enabled by examining the relevant
+// environment variable values. If the variables are present,
+// but inconsistent (i.e., shard_index >= total_shards), prints
+// an error and exits. If in_subprocess_for_death_test, sharding is
+// disabled because it must only be applied to the original test
+// process. Otherwise, we could filter out death tests we intended to execute.
+bool ShouldShard(const char* total_shards_env,
+                 const char* shard_index_env,
+                 bool in_subprocess_for_death_test) {
+  if (in_subprocess_for_death_test) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const Int32 total_shards = Int32FromEnvOrDie(total_shards_env, -1);
+  const Int32 shard_index = Int32FromEnvOrDie(shard_index_env, -1);
+
+  if (total_shards == -1 && shard_index == -1) {
+    return false;
+  } else if (total_shards == -1 && shard_index != -1) {
+    const Message msg = Message()
+      << "Invalid environment variables: you have "
+      << kTestShardIndex << " = " << shard_index
+      << ", but have left " << kTestTotalShards << " unset.\n";
+    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, msg.GetString().c_str());
+    fflush(stdout);
+    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+  } else if (total_shards != -1 && shard_index == -1) {
+    const Message msg = Message()
+      << "Invalid environment variables: you have "
+      << kTestTotalShards << " = " << total_shards
+      << ", but have left " << kTestShardIndex << " unset.\n";
+    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, msg.GetString().c_str());
+    fflush(stdout);
+    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+  } else if (shard_index < 0 || shard_index >= total_shards) {
+    const Message msg = Message()
+      << "Invalid environment variables: we require 0 <= "
+      << kTestShardIndex << " < " << kTestTotalShards
+      << ", but you have " << kTestShardIndex << "=" << shard_index
+      << ", " << kTestTotalShards << "=" << total_shards << ".\n";
+    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, msg.GetString().c_str());
+    fflush(stdout);
+    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+  }
+
+  return total_shards > 1;
+}
+
+// Parses the environment variable var as an Int32. If it is unset,
+// returns default_val. If it is not an Int32, prints an error
+// and aborts.
+Int32 Int32FromEnvOrDie(const char* var, Int32 default_val) {
+  const char* str_val = posix::GetEnv(var);
+  if (str_val == NULL) {
+    return default_val;
+  }
+
+  Int32 result;
+  if (!ParseInt32(Message() << "The value of environment variable " << var,
+                  str_val, &result)) {
+    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Given the total number of shards, the shard index, and the test id,
+// returns true iff the test should be run on this shard. The test id is
+// some arbitrary but unique non-negative integer assigned to each test
+// method. Assumes that 0 <= shard_index < total_shards.
+bool ShouldRunTestOnShard(int total_shards, int shard_index, int test_id) {
+  return (test_id % total_shards) == shard_index;
+}
+
+// Compares the name of each test with the user-specified filter to
+// decide whether the test should be run, then records the result in
+// each TestCase and TestInfo object.
+// If shard_tests == true, further filters tests based on sharding
+// variables in the environment - see
+// http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/GoogleTestAdvancedGuide.
+// Returns the number of tests that should run.
+int UnitTestImpl::FilterTests(ReactionToSharding shard_tests) {
+  const Int32 total_shards = shard_tests == HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL ?
+      Int32FromEnvOrDie(kTestTotalShards, -1) : -1;
+  const Int32 shard_index = shard_tests == HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL ?
+      Int32FromEnvOrDie(kTestShardIndex, -1) : -1;
+
+  // num_runnable_tests are the number of tests that will
+  // run across all shards (i.e., match filter and are not disabled).
+  // num_selected_tests are the number of tests to be run on
+  // this shard.
+  int num_runnable_tests = 0;
+  int num_selected_tests = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++) {
+    TestCase* const test_case = test_cases_[i];
+    const std::string &test_case_name = test_case->name();
+    test_case->set_should_run(false);
+
+    for (size_t j = 0; j < test_case->test_info_list().size(); j++) {
+      TestInfo* const test_info = test_case->test_info_list()[j];
+      const std::string test_name(test_info->name());
+      // A test is disabled if test case name or test name matches
+      // kDisableTestFilter.
+      const bool is_disabled =
+          internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(test_case_name,
+                                                   kDisableTestFilter) ||
+          internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(test_name,
+                                                   kDisableTestFilter);
+      test_info->is_disabled_ = is_disabled;
+
+      const bool matches_filter =
+          internal::UnitTestOptions::FilterMatchesTest(test_case_name,
+                                                       test_name);
+      test_info->matches_filter_ = matches_filter;
+
+      const bool is_runnable =
+          (GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests) || !is_disabled) &&
+          matches_filter;
+
+      const bool is_selected = is_runnable &&
+          (shard_tests == IGNORE_SHARDING_PROTOCOL ||
+           ShouldRunTestOnShard(total_shards, shard_index,
+                                num_runnable_tests));
+
+      num_runnable_tests += is_runnable;
+      num_selected_tests += is_selected;
+
+      test_info->should_run_ = is_selected;
+      test_case->set_should_run(test_case->should_run() || is_selected);
+    }
+  }
+  return num_selected_tests;
+}
+
+// Prints the given C-string on a single line by replacing all '\n'
+// characters with string "\\n".  If the output takes more than
+// max_length characters, only prints the first max_length characters
+// and "...".
+static void PrintOnOneLine(const char* str, int max_length) {
+  if (str != NULL) {
+    for (int i = 0; *str != '\0'; ++str) {
+      if (i >= max_length) {
+        printf("...");
+        break;
+      }
+      if (*str == '\n') {
+        printf("\\n");
+        i += 2;
+      } else {
+        printf("%c", *str);
+        ++i;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Prints the names of the tests matching the user-specified filter flag.
+void UnitTestImpl::ListTestsMatchingFilter() {
+  // Print at most this many characters for each type/value parameter.
+  const int kMaxParamLength = 250;
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++) {
+    const TestCase* const test_case = test_cases_[i];
+    bool printed_test_case_name = false;
+
+    for (size_t j = 0; j < test_case->test_info_list().size(); j++) {
+      const TestInfo* const test_info =
+          test_case->test_info_list()[j];
+      if (test_info->matches_filter_) {
+        if (!printed_test_case_name) {
+          printed_test_case_name = true;
+          printf("%s.", test_case->name());
+          if (test_case->type_param() != NULL) {
+            printf("  # %s = ", kTypeParamLabel);
+            // We print the type parameter on a single line to make
+            // the output easy to parse by a program.
+            PrintOnOneLine(test_case->type_param(), kMaxParamLength);
+          }
+          printf("\n");
+        }
+        printf("  %s", test_info->name());
+        if (test_info->value_param() != NULL) {
+          printf("  # %s = ", kValueParamLabel);
+          // We print the value parameter on a single line to make the
+          // output easy to parse by a program.
+          PrintOnOneLine(test_info->value_param(), kMaxParamLength);
+        }
+        printf("\n");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+// Sets the OS stack trace getter.
+//
+// Does nothing if the input and the current OS stack trace getter are
+// the same; otherwise, deletes the old getter and makes the input the
+// current getter.
+void UnitTestImpl::set_os_stack_trace_getter(
+    OsStackTraceGetterInterface* getter) {
+  if (os_stack_trace_getter_ != getter) {
+    delete os_stack_trace_getter_;
+    os_stack_trace_getter_ = getter;
+  }
+}
+
+// Returns the current OS stack trace getter if it is not NULL;
+// otherwise, creates an OsStackTraceGetter, makes it the current
+// getter, and returns it.
+OsStackTraceGetterInterface* UnitTestImpl::os_stack_trace_getter() {
+  if (os_stack_trace_getter_ == NULL) {
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_STACK_TRACE_GETTER_
+    os_stack_trace_getter_ = new GTEST_OS_STACK_TRACE_GETTER_;
+#else
+    os_stack_trace_getter_ = new OsStackTraceGetter;
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_STACK_TRACE_GETTER_
+  }
+
+  return os_stack_trace_getter_;
+}
+
+// Returns the TestResult for the test that's currently running, or
+// the TestResult for the ad hoc test if no test is running.
+TestResult* UnitTestImpl::current_test_result() {
+  return current_test_info_ ?
+      &(current_test_info_->result_) : &ad_hoc_test_result_;
+}
+
+// Shuffles all test cases, and the tests within each test case,
+// making sure that death tests are still run first.
+void UnitTestImpl::ShuffleTests() {
+  // Shuffles the death test cases.
+  ShuffleRange(random(), 0, last_death_test_case_ + 1, &test_case_indices_);
+
+  // Shuffles the non-death test cases.
+  ShuffleRange(random(), last_death_test_case_ + 1,
+               static_cast<int>(test_cases_.size()), &test_case_indices_);
+
+  // Shuffles the tests inside each test case.
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++) {
+    test_cases_[i]->ShuffleTests(random());
+  }
+}
+
+// Restores the test cases and tests to their order before the first shuffle.
+void UnitTestImpl::UnshuffleTests() {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++) {
+    // Unshuffles the tests in each test case.
+    test_cases_[i]->UnshuffleTests();
+    // Resets the index of each test case.
+    test_case_indices_[i] = static_cast<int>(i);
+  }
+}
+
+// Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
+//
+// The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
+// the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
+// specifies the number of top frames to be skipped, which doesn't
+// count against the number of frames to be included.
+//
+// For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
+// GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(..., 1), Foo() will be included in
+// the trace but Bar() and GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
+std::string GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(UnitTest* /*unit_test*/,
+                                            int skip_count) {
+  // We pass skip_count + 1 to skip this wrapper function in addition
+  // to what the user really wants to skip.
+  return GetUnitTestImpl()->CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(skip_count + 1);
+}
+
+// Used by the GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_ macro to
+// suppress unreachable code warnings.
+namespace {
+class ClassUniqueToAlwaysTrue {};
+}
+
+bool IsTrue(bool condition) { return condition; }
+
+bool AlwaysTrue() {
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+  // This condition is always false so AlwaysTrue() never actually throws,
+  // but it makes the compiler think that it may throw.
+  if (IsTrue(false))
+    throw ClassUniqueToAlwaysTrue();
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+  return true;
+}
+
+// If *pstr starts with the given prefix, modifies *pstr to be right
+// past the prefix and returns true; otherwise leaves *pstr unchanged
+// and returns false.  None of pstr, *pstr, and prefix can be NULL.
+bool SkipPrefix(const char* prefix, const char** pstr) {
+  const size_t prefix_len = strlen(prefix);
+  if (strncmp(*pstr, prefix, prefix_len) == 0) {
+    *pstr += prefix_len;
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Parses a string as a command line flag.  The string should have
+// the format "--flag=value".  When def_optional is true, the "=value"
+// part can be omitted.
+//
+// Returns the value of the flag, or NULL if the parsing failed.
+const char* ParseFlagValue(const char* str,
+                           const char* flag,
+                           bool def_optional) {
+  // str and flag must not be NULL.
+  if (str == NULL || flag == NULL) return NULL;
+
+  // The flag must start with "--" followed by GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_.
+  const std::string flag_str = std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + flag;
+  const size_t flag_len = flag_str.length();
+  if (strncmp(str, flag_str.c_str(), flag_len) != 0) return NULL;
+
+  // Skips the flag name.
+  const char* flag_end = str + flag_len;
+
+  // When def_optional is true, it's OK to not have a "=value" part.
+  if (def_optional && (flag_end[0] == '\0')) {
+    return flag_end;
+  }
+
+  // If def_optional is true and there are more characters after the
+  // flag name, or if def_optional is false, there must be a '=' after
+  // the flag name.
+  if (flag_end[0] != '=') return NULL;
+
+  // Returns the string after "=".
+  return flag_end + 1;
+}
+
+// Parses a string for a bool flag, in the form of either
+// "--flag=value" or "--flag".
+//
+// In the former case, the value is taken as true as long as it does
+// not start with '0', 'f', or 'F'.
+//
+// In the latter case, the value is taken as true.
+//
+// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
+// true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
+bool ParseBoolFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, bool* value) {
+  // Gets the value of the flag as a string.
+  const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, true);
+
+  // Aborts if the parsing failed.
+  if (value_str == NULL) return false;
+
+  // Converts the string value to a bool.
+  *value = !(*value_str == '0' || *value_str == 'f' || *value_str == 'F');
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Parses a string for an Int32 flag, in the form of
+// "--flag=value".
+//
+// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
+// true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
+bool ParseInt32Flag(const char* str, const char* flag, Int32* value) {
+  // Gets the value of the flag as a string.
+  const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, false);
+
+  // Aborts if the parsing failed.
+  if (value_str == NULL) return false;
+
+  // Sets *value to the value of the flag.
+  return ParseInt32(Message() << "The value of flag --" << flag,
+                    value_str, value);
+}
+
+// Parses a string for a string flag, in the form of
+// "--flag=value".
+//
+// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
+// true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
+bool ParseStringFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, std::string* value) {
+  // Gets the value of the flag as a string.
+  const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, false);
+
+  // Aborts if the parsing failed.
+  if (value_str == NULL) return false;
+
+  // Sets *value to the value of the flag.
+  *value = value_str;
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Determines whether a string has a prefix that Google Test uses for its
+// flags, i.e., starts with GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ or GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_DASH_.
+// If Google Test detects that a command line flag has its prefix but is not
+// recognized, it will print its help message. Flags starting with
+// GTEST_INTERNAL_PREFIX_ followed by "internal_" are considered Google Test
+// internal flags and do not trigger the help message.
+static bool HasGoogleTestFlagPrefix(const char* str) {
+  return (SkipPrefix("--", &str) ||
+          SkipPrefix("-", &str) ||
+          SkipPrefix("/", &str)) &&
+         !SkipPrefix(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "internal_", &str) &&
+         (SkipPrefix(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, &str) ||
+          SkipPrefix(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_DASH_, &str));
+}
+
+// Prints a string containing code-encoded text.  The following escape
+// sequences can be used in the string to control the text color:
+//
+//   @@    prints a single '@' character.
+//   @R    changes the color to red.
+//   @G    changes the color to green.
+//   @Y    changes the color to yellow.
+//   @D    changes to the default terminal text color.
+//
+// TODO(wan@google.com): Write tests for this once we add stdout
+// capturing to Google Test.
+static void PrintColorEncoded(const char* str) {
+  GTestColor color = COLOR_DEFAULT;  // The current color.
+
+  // Conceptually, we split the string into segments divided by escape
+  // sequences.  Then we print one segment at a time.  At the end of
+  // each iteration, the str pointer advances to the beginning of the
+  // next segment.
+  for (;;) {
+    const char* p = strchr(str, '@');
+    if (p == NULL) {
+      ColoredPrintf(color, "%s", str);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    ColoredPrintf(color, "%s", std::string(str, p).c_str());
+
+    const char ch = p[1];
+    str = p + 2;
+    if (ch == '@') {
+      ColoredPrintf(color, "@");
+    } else if (ch == 'D') {
+      color = COLOR_DEFAULT;
+    } else if (ch == 'R') {
+      color = COLOR_RED;
+    } else if (ch == 'G') {
+      color = COLOR_GREEN;
+    } else if (ch == 'Y') {
+      color = COLOR_YELLOW;
+    } else {
+      --str;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static const char kColorEncodedHelpMessage[] =
+"This program contains tests written using " GTEST_NAME_ ". You can use the\n"
+"following command line flags to control its behavior:\n"
+"\n"
+"Test Selection:\n"
+"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "list_tests@D\n"
+"      List the names of all tests instead of running them. The name of\n"
+"      TEST(Foo, Bar) is \"Foo.Bar\".\n"
+"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "filter=@YPOSTIVE_PATTERNS"
+    "[@G-@YNEGATIVE_PATTERNS]@D\n"
+"      Run only the tests whose name matches one of the positive patterns but\n"
+"      none of the negative patterns. '?' matches any single character; '*'\n"
+"      matches any substring; ':' separates two patterns.\n"
+"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "also_run_disabled_tests@D\n"
+"      Run all disabled tests too.\n"
+"\n"
+"Test Execution:\n"
+"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "repeat=@Y[COUNT]@D\n"
+"      Run the tests repeatedly; use a negative count to repeat forever.\n"
+"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "shuffle@D\n"
+"      Randomize tests' orders on every iteration.\n"
+"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "random_seed=@Y[NUMBER]@D\n"
+"      Random number seed to use for shuffling test orders (between 1 and\n"
+"      99999, or 0 to use a seed based on the current time).\n"
+"\n"
+"Test Output:\n"
+"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "color=@Y(@Gyes@Y|@Gno@Y|@Gauto@Y)@D\n"
+"      Enable/disable colored output. The default is @Gauto@D.\n"
+"  -@G-" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "print_time=0@D\n"
+"      Don't print the elapsed time of each test.\n"
+"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "output=xml@Y[@G:@YDIRECTORY_PATH@G"
+    GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "@Y|@G:@YFILE_PATH]@D\n"
+"      Generate an XML report in the given directory or with the given file\n"
+"      name. @YFILE_PATH@D defaults to @Gtest_details.xml@D.\n"
+#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "stream_result_to=@YHOST@G:@YPORT@D\n"
+"      Stream test results to the given server.\n"
+#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+"\n"
+"Assertion Behavior:\n"
+#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "death_test_style=@Y(@Gfast@Y|@Gthreadsafe@Y)@D\n"
+"      Set the default death test style.\n"
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "break_on_failure@D\n"
+"      Turn assertion failures into debugger break-points.\n"
+"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "throw_on_failure@D\n"
+"      Turn assertion failures into C++ exceptions.\n"
+"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "catch_exceptions=0@D\n"
+"      Do not report exceptions as test failures. Instead, allow them\n"
+"      to crash the program or throw a pop-up (on Windows).\n"
+"\n"
+"Except for @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "list_tests@D, you can alternatively set "
+    "the corresponding\n"
+"environment variable of a flag (all letters in upper-case). For example, to\n"
+"disable colored text output, you can either specify @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_
+    "color=no@D or set\n"
+"the @G" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "COLOR@D environment variable to @Gno@D.\n"
+"\n"
+"For more information, please read the " GTEST_NAME_ " documentation at\n"
+"@G" GTEST_PROJECT_URL_ "@D. If you find a bug in " GTEST_NAME_ "\n"
+"(not one in your own code or tests), please report it to\n"
+"@G<" GTEST_DEV_EMAIL_ ">@D.\n";
+
+bool ParseGoogleTestFlag(const char* const arg) {
+  return ParseBoolFlag(arg, kAlsoRunDisabledTestsFlag,
+                       &GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests)) ||
+      ParseBoolFlag(arg, kBreakOnFailureFlag,
+                    &GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure)) ||
+      ParseBoolFlag(arg, kCatchExceptionsFlag,
+                    &GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions)) ||
+      ParseStringFlag(arg, kColorFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(color)) ||
+      ParseStringFlag(arg, kDeathTestStyleFlag,
+                      &GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style)) ||
+      ParseBoolFlag(arg, kDeathTestUseFork,
+                    &GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork)) ||
+      ParseStringFlag(arg, kFilterFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(filter)) ||
+      ParseStringFlag(arg, kInternalRunDeathTestFlag,
+                      &GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test)) ||
+      ParseBoolFlag(arg, kListTestsFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(list_tests)) ||
+      ParseStringFlag(arg, kOutputFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(output)) ||
+      ParseBoolFlag(arg, kPrintTimeFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) ||
+      ParseInt32Flag(arg, kRandomSeedFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(random_seed)) ||
+      ParseInt32Flag(arg, kRepeatFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(repeat)) ||
+      ParseBoolFlag(arg, kShuffleFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) ||
+      ParseInt32Flag(arg, kStackTraceDepthFlag,
+                     &GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth)) ||
+      ParseStringFlag(arg, kStreamResultToFlag,
+                      &GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to)) ||
+      ParseBoolFlag(arg, kThrowOnFailureFlag,
+                    &GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure));
+}
+
+#if GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
+void LoadFlagsFromFile(const std::string& path) {
+  FILE* flagfile = posix::FOpen(path.c_str(), "r");
+  if (!flagfile) {
+    fprintf(stderr,
+            "Unable to open file \"%s\"\n",
+            GTEST_FLAG(flagfile).c_str());
+    fflush(stderr);
+    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+  }
+  std::string contents(ReadEntireFile(flagfile));
+  posix::FClose(flagfile);
+  std::vector<std::string> lines;
+  SplitString(contents, '\n', &lines);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < lines.size(); ++i) {
+    if (lines[i].empty())
+      continue;
+    if (!ParseGoogleTestFlag(lines[i].c_str()))
+      g_help_flag = true;
+  }
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
+
+// Parses the command line for Google Test flags, without initializing
+// other parts of Google Test.  The type parameter CharType can be
+// instantiated to either char or wchar_t.
+template <typename CharType>
+void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnlyImpl(int* argc, CharType** argv) {
+  for (int i = 1; i < *argc; i++) {
+    const std::string arg_string = StreamableToString(argv[i]);
+    const char* const arg = arg_string.c_str();
+
+    using internal::ParseBoolFlag;
+    using internal::ParseInt32Flag;
+    using internal::ParseStringFlag;
+
+    bool remove_flag = false;
+    if (ParseGoogleTestFlag(arg)) {
+      remove_flag = true;
+#if GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
+    } else if (ParseStringFlag(arg, kFlagfileFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(flagfile))) {
+      LoadFlagsFromFile(GTEST_FLAG(flagfile));
+      remove_flag = true;
+#endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
+    } else if (arg_string == "--help" || arg_string == "-h" ||
+               arg_string == "-?" || arg_string == "/?" ||
+               HasGoogleTestFlagPrefix(arg)) {
+      // Both help flag and unrecognized Google Test flags (excluding
+      // internal ones) trigger help display.
+      g_help_flag = true;
+    }
+
+    if (remove_flag) {
+      // Shift the remainder of the argv list left by one.  Note
+      // that argv has (*argc + 1) elements, the last one always being
+      // NULL.  The following loop moves the trailing NULL element as
+      // well.
+      for (int j = i; j != *argc; j++) {
+        argv[j] = argv[j + 1];
+      }
+
+      // Decrements the argument count.
+      (*argc)--;
+
+      // We also need to decrement the iterator as we just removed
+      // an element.
+      i--;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (g_help_flag) {
+    // We print the help here instead of in RUN_ALL_TESTS(), as the
+    // latter may not be called at all if the user is using Google
+    // Test with another testing framework.
+    PrintColorEncoded(kColorEncodedHelpMessage);
+  }
+}
+
+// Parses the command line for Google Test flags, without initializing
+// other parts of Google Test.
+void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int* argc, char** argv) {
+  ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnlyImpl(argc, argv);
+}
+void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int* argc, wchar_t** argv) {
+  ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnlyImpl(argc, argv);
+}
+
+// The internal implementation of InitGoogleTest().
+//
+// The type parameter CharType can be instantiated to either char or
+// wchar_t.
+template <typename CharType>
+void InitGoogleTestImpl(int* argc, CharType** argv) {
+  // We don't want to run the initialization code twice.
+  if (GTestIsInitialized()) return;
+
+  if (*argc <= 0) return;
+
+  g_argvs.clear();
+  for (int i = 0; i != *argc; i++) {
+    g_argvs.push_back(StreamableToString(argv[i]));
+  }
+
+  ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(argc, argv);
+  GetUnitTestImpl()->PostFlagParsingInit();
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// Initializes Google Test.  This must be called before calling
+// RUN_ALL_TESTS().  In particular, it parses a command line for the
+// flags that Google Test recognizes.  Whenever a Google Test flag is
+// seen, it is removed from argv, and *argc is decremented.
+//
+// No value is returned.  Instead, the Google Test flag variables are
+// updated.
+//
+// Calling the function for the second time has no user-visible effect.
+void InitGoogleTest(int* argc, char** argv) {
+#if defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_FUNCTION_)
+  GTEST_CUSTOM_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_FUNCTION_(argc, argv);
+#else  // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_FUNCTION_)
+  internal::InitGoogleTestImpl(argc, argv);
+#endif  // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_FUNCTION_)
+}
+
+// This overloaded version can be used in Windows programs compiled in
+// UNICODE mode.
+void InitGoogleTest(int* argc, wchar_t** argv) {
+#if defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_FUNCTION_)
+  GTEST_CUSTOM_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_FUNCTION_(argc, argv);
+#else  // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_FUNCTION_)
+  internal::InitGoogleTestImpl(argc, argv);
+#endif  // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_FUNCTION_)
+}
+
+}  // namespace testing
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest_main.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest_main.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f30282255233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/src/gtest_main.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Copyright 2006, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+GTEST_API_ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  printf("Running main() from gtest_main.cc\n");
+  testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-death-test_ex_test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-death-test_ex_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b50a13d5e2e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-death-test_ex_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+// Copyright 2010, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
+//
+// Tests that verify interaction of exceptions and death tests.
+
+#include "gtest/gtest-death-test.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+# if GTEST_HAS_SEH
+#  include <windows.h>          // For RaiseException().
+# endif
+
+# include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
+
+# if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+#  include <exception>  // For std::exception.
+
+// Tests that death tests report thrown exceptions as failures and that the
+// exceptions do not escape death test macros.
+TEST(CxxExceptionDeathTest, ExceptionIsFailure) {
+  try {
+    EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DEATH(throw 1, ""), "threw an exception");
+  } catch (...) {  // NOLINT
+    FAIL() << "An exception escaped a death test macro invocation "
+           << "with catch_exceptions "
+           << (testing::GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions) ? "enabled" : "disabled");
+  }
+}
+
+class TestException : public std::exception {
+ public:
+  virtual const char* what() const throw() { return "exceptional message"; }
+};
+
+TEST(CxxExceptionDeathTest, PrintsMessageForStdExceptions) {
+  // Verifies that the exception message is quoted in the failure text.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DEATH(throw TestException(), ""),
+                          "exceptional message");
+  // Verifies that the location is mentioned in the failure text.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DEATH(throw TestException(), ""),
+                          "gtest-death-test_ex_test.cc");
+}
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+# if GTEST_HAS_SEH
+// Tests that enabling interception of SEH exceptions with the
+// catch_exceptions flag does not interfere with SEH exceptions being
+// treated as death by death tests.
+TEST(SehExceptionDeasTest, CatchExceptionsDoesNotInterfere) {
+  EXPECT_DEATH(RaiseException(42, 0x0, 0, NULL), "")
+      << "with catch_exceptions "
+      << (testing::GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions) ? "enabled" : "disabled");
+}
+# endif
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  testing::GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions) = GTEST_ENABLE_CATCH_EXCEPTIONS_ != 0;
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-death-test_test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-death-test_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bb4a3d1b3882
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-death-test_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1427 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+//
+// Tests for death tests.
+
+#include "gtest/gtest-death-test.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h"
+
+using testing::internal::AlwaysFalse;
+using testing::internal::AlwaysTrue;
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#  include <direct.h>          // For chdir().
+# else
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#  include <sys/wait.h>        // For waitpid.
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+# include <limits.h>
+# include <signal.h>
+# include <stdio.h>
+
+# if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+#  include <sys/time.h>
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
+
+# include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
+
+// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
+// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
+// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
+// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
+// his code.
+# define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
+# include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
+# undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
+
+namespace posix = ::testing::internal::posix;
+
+using testing::Message;
+using testing::internal::DeathTest;
+using testing::internal::DeathTestFactory;
+using testing::internal::FilePath;
+using testing::internal::GetLastErrnoDescription;
+using testing::internal::GetUnitTestImpl;
+using testing::internal::InDeathTestChild;
+using testing::internal::ParseNaturalNumber;
+
+namespace testing {
+namespace internal {
+
+// A helper class whose objects replace the death test factory for a
+// single UnitTest object during their lifetimes.
+class ReplaceDeathTestFactory {
+ public:
+  explicit ReplaceDeathTestFactory(DeathTestFactory* new_factory)
+      : unit_test_impl_(GetUnitTestImpl()) {
+    old_factory_ = unit_test_impl_->death_test_factory_.release();
+    unit_test_impl_->death_test_factory_.reset(new_factory);
+  }
+
+  ~ReplaceDeathTestFactory() {
+    unit_test_impl_->death_test_factory_.release();
+    unit_test_impl_->death_test_factory_.reset(old_factory_);
+  }
+ private:
+  // Prevents copying ReplaceDeathTestFactory objects.
+  ReplaceDeathTestFactory(const ReplaceDeathTestFactory&);
+  void operator=(const ReplaceDeathTestFactory&);
+
+  UnitTestImpl* unit_test_impl_;
+  DeathTestFactory* old_factory_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace testing
+
+void DieWithMessage(const ::std::string& message) {
+  fprintf(stderr, "%s", message.c_str());
+  fflush(stderr);  // Make sure the text is printed before the process exits.
+
+  // We call _exit() instead of exit(), as the former is a direct
+  // system call and thus safer in the presence of threads.  exit()
+  // will invoke user-defined exit-hooks, which may do dangerous
+  // things that conflict with death tests.
+  //
+  // Some compilers can recognize that _exit() never returns and issue the
+  // 'unreachable code' warning for code following this function, unless
+  // fooled by a fake condition.
+  if (AlwaysTrue())
+    _exit(1);
+}
+
+void DieInside(const ::std::string& function) {
+  DieWithMessage("death inside " + function + "().");
+}
+
+// Tests that death tests work.
+
+class TestForDeathTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  TestForDeathTest() : original_dir_(FilePath::GetCurrentDir()) {}
+
+  virtual ~TestForDeathTest() {
+    posix::ChDir(original_dir_.c_str());
+  }
+
+  // A static member function that's expected to die.
+  static void StaticMemberFunction() { DieInside("StaticMemberFunction"); }
+
+  // A method of the test fixture that may die.
+  void MemberFunction() {
+    if (should_die_)
+      DieInside("MemberFunction");
+  }
+
+  // True iff MemberFunction() should die.
+  bool should_die_;
+  const FilePath original_dir_;
+};
+
+// A class with a member function that may die.
+class MayDie {
+ public:
+  explicit MayDie(bool should_die) : should_die_(should_die) {}
+
+  // A member function that may die.
+  void MemberFunction() const {
+    if (should_die_)
+      DieInside("MayDie::MemberFunction");
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // True iff MemberFunction() should die.
+  bool should_die_;
+};
+
+// A global function that's expected to die.
+void GlobalFunction() { DieInside("GlobalFunction"); }
+
+// A non-void function that's expected to die.
+int NonVoidFunction() {
+  DieInside("NonVoidFunction");
+  return 1;
+}
+
+// A unary function that may die.
+void DieIf(bool should_die) {
+  if (should_die)
+    DieInside("DieIf");
+}
+
+// A binary function that may die.
+bool DieIfLessThan(int x, int y) {
+  if (x < y) {
+    DieInside("DieIfLessThan");
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Tests that ASSERT_DEATH can be used outside a TEST, TEST_F, or test fixture.
+void DeathTestSubroutine() {
+  EXPECT_DEATH(GlobalFunction(), "death.*GlobalFunction");
+  ASSERT_DEATH(GlobalFunction(), "death.*GlobalFunction");
+}
+
+// Death in dbg, not opt.
+int DieInDebugElse12(int* sideeffect) {
+  if (sideeffect) *sideeffect = 12;
+
+# ifndef NDEBUG
+
+  DieInside("DieInDebugElse12");
+
+# endif  // NDEBUG
+
+  return 12;
+}
+
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+// Tests the ExitedWithCode predicate.
+TEST(ExitStatusPredicateTest, ExitedWithCode) {
+  // On Windows, the process's exit code is the same as its exit status,
+  // so the predicate just compares the its input with its parameter.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(testing::ExitedWithCode(0)(0));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(testing::ExitedWithCode(1)(1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(testing::ExitedWithCode(42)(42));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(testing::ExitedWithCode(0)(1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(testing::ExitedWithCode(1)(0));
+}
+
+# else
+
+// Returns the exit status of a process that calls _exit(2) with a
+// given exit code.  This is a helper function for the
+// ExitStatusPredicateTest test suite.
+static int NormalExitStatus(int exit_code) {
+  pid_t child_pid = fork();
+  if (child_pid == 0) {
+    _exit(exit_code);
+  }
+  int status;
+  waitpid(child_pid, &status, 0);
+  return status;
+}
+
+// Returns the exit status of a process that raises a given signal.
+// If the signal does not cause the process to die, then it returns
+// instead the exit status of a process that exits normally with exit
+// code 1.  This is a helper function for the ExitStatusPredicateTest
+// test suite.
+static int KilledExitStatus(int signum) {
+  pid_t child_pid = fork();
+  if (child_pid == 0) {
+    raise(signum);
+    _exit(1);
+  }
+  int status;
+  waitpid(child_pid, &status, 0);
+  return status;
+}
+
+// Tests the ExitedWithCode predicate.
+TEST(ExitStatusPredicateTest, ExitedWithCode) {
+  const int status0  = NormalExitStatus(0);
+  const int status1  = NormalExitStatus(1);
+  const int status42 = NormalExitStatus(42);
+  const testing::ExitedWithCode pred0(0);
+  const testing::ExitedWithCode pred1(1);
+  const testing::ExitedWithCode pred42(42);
+  EXPECT_PRED1(pred0,  status0);
+  EXPECT_PRED1(pred1,  status1);
+  EXPECT_PRED1(pred42, status42);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(pred0(status1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(pred42(status0));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(pred1(status42));
+}
+
+// Tests the KilledBySignal predicate.
+TEST(ExitStatusPredicateTest, KilledBySignal) {
+  const int status_segv = KilledExitStatus(SIGSEGV);
+  const int status_kill = KilledExitStatus(SIGKILL);
+  const testing::KilledBySignal pred_segv(SIGSEGV);
+  const testing::KilledBySignal pred_kill(SIGKILL);
+  EXPECT_PRED1(pred_segv, status_segv);
+  EXPECT_PRED1(pred_kill, status_kill);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(pred_segv(status_kill));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(pred_kill(status_segv));
+}
+
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+// Tests that the death test macros expand to code which may or may not
+// be followed by operator<<, and that in either case the complete text
+// comprises only a single C++ statement.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, SingleStatement) {
+  if (AlwaysFalse())
+    // This would fail if executed; this is a compilation test only
+    ASSERT_DEATH(return, "");
+
+  if (AlwaysTrue())
+    EXPECT_DEATH(_exit(1), "");
+  else
+    // This empty "else" branch is meant to ensure that EXPECT_DEATH
+    // doesn't expand into an "if" statement without an "else"
+    ;
+
+  if (AlwaysFalse())
+    ASSERT_DEATH(return, "") << "did not die";
+
+  if (AlwaysFalse())
+    ;
+  else
+    EXPECT_DEATH(_exit(1), "") << 1 << 2 << 3;
+}
+
+void DieWithEmbeddedNul() {
+  fprintf(stderr, "Hello%cmy null world.\n", '\0');
+  fflush(stderr);
+  _exit(1);
+}
+
+# if GTEST_USES_PCRE
+// Tests that EXPECT_DEATH and ASSERT_DEATH work when the error
+// message has a NUL character in it.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, EmbeddedNulInMessage) {
+  // TODO(wan@google.com): <regex.h> doesn't support matching strings
+  // with embedded NUL characters - find a way to workaround it.
+  EXPECT_DEATH(DieWithEmbeddedNul(), "my null world");
+  ASSERT_DEATH(DieWithEmbeddedNul(), "my null world");
+}
+# endif  // GTEST_USES_PCRE
+
+// Tests that death test macros expand to code which interacts well with switch
+// statements.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, SwitchStatement) {
+  // Microsoft compiler usually complains about switch statements without
+  // case labels. We suppress that warning for this test.
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4065)
+
+  switch (0)
+    default:
+      ASSERT_DEATH(_exit(1), "") << "exit in default switch handler";
+
+  switch (0)
+    case 0:
+      EXPECT_DEATH(_exit(1), "") << "exit in switch case";
+
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+}
+
+// Tests that a static member function can be used in a "fast" style
+// death test.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, StaticMemberFunctionFastStyle) {
+  testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = "fast";
+  ASSERT_DEATH(StaticMemberFunction(), "death.*StaticMember");
+}
+
+// Tests that a method of the test fixture can be used in a "fast"
+// style death test.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, MemberFunctionFastStyle) {
+  testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = "fast";
+  should_die_ = true;
+  EXPECT_DEATH(MemberFunction(), "inside.*MemberFunction");
+}
+
+void ChangeToRootDir() { posix::ChDir(GTEST_PATH_SEP_); }
+
+// Tests that death tests work even if the current directory has been
+// changed.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, FastDeathTestInChangedDir) {
+  testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = "fast";
+
+  ChangeToRootDir();
+  EXPECT_EXIT(_exit(1), testing::ExitedWithCode(1), "");
+
+  ChangeToRootDir();
+  ASSERT_DEATH(_exit(1), "");
+}
+
+# if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+void SigprofAction(int, siginfo_t*, void*) { /* no op */ }
+
+// Sets SIGPROF action and ITIMER_PROF timer (interval: 1ms).
+void SetSigprofActionAndTimer() {
+  struct itimerval timer;
+  timer.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
+  timer.it_interval.tv_usec = 1;
+  timer.it_value = timer.it_interval;
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, setitimer(ITIMER_PROF, &timer, NULL));
+  struct sigaction signal_action;
+  memset(&signal_action, 0, sizeof(signal_action));
+  sigemptyset(&signal_action.sa_mask);
+  signal_action.sa_sigaction = SigprofAction;
+  signal_action.sa_flags = SA_RESTART | SA_SIGINFO;
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, sigaction(SIGPROF, &signal_action, NULL));
+}
+
+// Disables ITIMER_PROF timer and ignores SIGPROF signal.
+void DisableSigprofActionAndTimer(struct sigaction* old_signal_action) {
+  struct itimerval timer;
+  timer.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
+  timer.it_interval.tv_usec = 0;
+  timer.it_value = timer.it_interval;
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, setitimer(ITIMER_PROF, &timer, NULL));
+  struct sigaction signal_action;
+  memset(&signal_action, 0, sizeof(signal_action));
+  sigemptyset(&signal_action.sa_mask);
+  signal_action.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, sigaction(SIGPROF, &signal_action, old_signal_action));
+}
+
+// Tests that death tests work when SIGPROF handler and timer are set.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, FastSigprofActionSet) {
+  testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = "fast";
+  SetSigprofActionAndTimer();
+  EXPECT_DEATH(_exit(1), "");
+  struct sigaction old_signal_action;
+  DisableSigprofActionAndTimer(&old_signal_action);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(old_signal_action.sa_sigaction == SigprofAction);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, ThreadSafeSigprofActionSet) {
+  testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = "threadsafe";
+  SetSigprofActionAndTimer();
+  EXPECT_DEATH(_exit(1), "");
+  struct sigaction old_signal_action;
+  DisableSigprofActionAndTimer(&old_signal_action);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(old_signal_action.sa_sigaction == SigprofAction);
+}
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
+
+// Repeats a representative sample of death tests in the "threadsafe" style:
+
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, StaticMemberFunctionThreadsafeStyle) {
+  testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = "threadsafe";
+  ASSERT_DEATH(StaticMemberFunction(), "death.*StaticMember");
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, MemberFunctionThreadsafeStyle) {
+  testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = "threadsafe";
+  should_die_ = true;
+  EXPECT_DEATH(MemberFunction(), "inside.*MemberFunction");
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, ThreadsafeDeathTestInLoop) {
+  testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = "threadsafe";
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
+    EXPECT_EXIT(_exit(i), testing::ExitedWithCode(i), "") << ": i = " << i;
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, ThreadsafeDeathTestInChangedDir) {
+  testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = "threadsafe";
+
+  ChangeToRootDir();
+  EXPECT_EXIT(_exit(1), testing::ExitedWithCode(1), "");
+
+  ChangeToRootDir();
+  ASSERT_DEATH(_exit(1), "");
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, MixedStyles) {
+  testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = "threadsafe";
+  EXPECT_DEATH(_exit(1), "");
+  testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = "fast";
+  EXPECT_DEATH(_exit(1), "");
+}
+
+# if GTEST_HAS_CLONE && GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+
+namespace {
+
+bool pthread_flag;
+
+void SetPthreadFlag() {
+  pthread_flag = true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, DoesNotExecuteAtforkHooks) {
+  if (!testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork)) {
+    testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = "threadsafe";
+    pthread_flag = false;
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, pthread_atfork(&SetPthreadFlag, NULL, NULL));
+    ASSERT_DEATH(_exit(1), "");
+    ASSERT_FALSE(pthread_flag);
+  }
+}
+
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_CLONE && GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+
+// Tests that a method of another class can be used in a death test.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, MethodOfAnotherClass) {
+  const MayDie x(true);
+  ASSERT_DEATH(x.MemberFunction(), "MayDie\\:\\:MemberFunction");
+}
+
+// Tests that a global function can be used in a death test.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, GlobalFunction) {
+  EXPECT_DEATH(GlobalFunction(), "GlobalFunction");
+}
+
+// Tests that any value convertible to an RE works as a second
+// argument to EXPECT_DEATH.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, AcceptsAnythingConvertibleToRE) {
+  static const char regex_c_str[] = "GlobalFunction";
+  EXPECT_DEATH(GlobalFunction(), regex_c_str);
+
+  const testing::internal::RE regex(regex_c_str);
+  EXPECT_DEATH(GlobalFunction(), regex);
+
+# if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+  const string regex_str(regex_c_str);
+  EXPECT_DEATH(GlobalFunction(), regex_str);
+
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+# if !GTEST_USES_PCRE
+
+  const ::std::string regex_std_str(regex_c_str);
+  EXPECT_DEATH(GlobalFunction(), regex_std_str);
+
+# endif  // !GTEST_USES_PCRE
+}
+
+// Tests that a non-void function can be used in a death test.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, NonVoidFunction) {
+  ASSERT_DEATH(NonVoidFunction(), "NonVoidFunction");
+}
+
+// Tests that functions that take parameter(s) can be used in a death test.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, FunctionWithParameter) {
+  EXPECT_DEATH(DieIf(true), "DieIf\\(\\)");
+  EXPECT_DEATH(DieIfLessThan(2, 3), "DieIfLessThan");
+}
+
+// Tests that ASSERT_DEATH can be used outside a TEST, TEST_F, or test fixture.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, OutsideFixture) {
+  DeathTestSubroutine();
+}
+
+// Tests that death tests can be done inside a loop.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, InsideLoop) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+    EXPECT_DEATH(DieIfLessThan(-1, i), "DieIfLessThan") << "where i == " << i;
+  }
+}
+
+// Tests that a compound statement can be used in a death test.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, CompoundStatement) {
+  EXPECT_DEATH({  // NOLINT
+    const int x = 2;
+    const int y = x + 1;
+    DieIfLessThan(x, y);
+  },
+  "DieIfLessThan");
+}
+
+// Tests that code that doesn't die causes a death test to fail.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, DoesNotDie) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DEATH(DieIf(false), "DieIf"),
+                          "failed to die");
+}
+
+// Tests that a death test fails when the error message isn't expected.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, ErrorMessageMismatch) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_DEATH(DieIf(true), "DieIfLessThan") << "End of death test message.";
+  }, "died but not with expected error");
+}
+
+// On exit, *aborted will be true iff the EXPECT_DEATH() statement
+// aborted the function.
+void ExpectDeathTestHelper(bool* aborted) {
+  *aborted = true;
+  EXPECT_DEATH(DieIf(false), "DieIf");  // This assertion should fail.
+  *aborted = false;
+}
+
+// Tests that EXPECT_DEATH doesn't abort the test on failure.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, EXPECT_DEATH) {
+  bool aborted = true;
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(ExpectDeathTestHelper(&aborted),
+                          "failed to die");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(aborted);
+}
+
+// Tests that ASSERT_DEATH does abort the test on failure.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, ASSERT_DEATH) {
+  static bool aborted;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    aborted = true;
+    ASSERT_DEATH(DieIf(false), "DieIf");  // This assertion should fail.
+    aborted = false;
+  }, "failed to die");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(aborted);
+}
+
+// Tests that EXPECT_DEATH evaluates the arguments exactly once.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, SingleEvaluation) {
+  int x = 3;
+  EXPECT_DEATH(DieIf((++x) == 4), "DieIf");
+
+  const char* regex = "DieIf";
+  const char* regex_save = regex;
+  EXPECT_DEATH(DieIfLessThan(3, 4), regex++);
+  EXPECT_EQ(regex_save + 1, regex);
+}
+
+// Tests that run-away death tests are reported as failures.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, RunawayIsFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DEATH(static_cast<void>(0), "Foo"),
+                          "failed to die.");
+}
+
+// Tests that death tests report executing 'return' in the statement as
+// failure.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, ReturnIsFailure) {
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_DEATH(return, "Bar"),
+                       "illegal return in test statement.");
+}
+
+// Tests that EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH works as expected, that is, you can stream a
+// message to it, and in debug mode it:
+// 1. Asserts on death.
+// 2. Has no side effect.
+//
+// And in opt mode, it:
+// 1.  Has side effects but does not assert.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, TestExpectDebugDeath) {
+  int sideeffect = 0;
+
+  EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(DieInDebugElse12(&sideeffect), "death.*DieInDebugElse12")
+      << "Must accept a streamed message";
+
+# ifdef NDEBUG
+
+  // Checks that the assignment occurs in opt mode (sideeffect).
+  EXPECT_EQ(12, sideeffect);
+
+# else
+
+  // Checks that the assignment does not occur in dbg mode (no sideeffect).
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, sideeffect);
+
+# endif
+}
+
+// Tests that ASSERT_DEBUG_DEATH works as expected, that is, you can stream a
+// message to it, and in debug mode it:
+// 1. Asserts on death.
+// 2. Has no side effect.
+//
+// And in opt mode, it:
+// 1.  Has side effects but does not assert.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, TestAssertDebugDeath) {
+  int sideeffect = 0;
+
+  ASSERT_DEBUG_DEATH(DieInDebugElse12(&sideeffect), "death.*DieInDebugElse12")
+      << "Must accept a streamed message";
+
+# ifdef NDEBUG
+
+  // Checks that the assignment occurs in opt mode (sideeffect).
+  EXPECT_EQ(12, sideeffect);
+
+# else
+
+  // Checks that the assignment does not occur in dbg mode (no sideeffect).
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, sideeffect);
+
+# endif
+}
+
+# ifndef NDEBUG
+
+void ExpectDebugDeathHelper(bool* aborted) {
+  *aborted = true;
+  EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(return, "") << "This is expected to fail.";
+  *aborted = false;
+}
+
+#  if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+TEST(PopUpDeathTest, DoesNotShowPopUpOnAbort) {
+  printf("This test should be considered failing if it shows "
+         "any pop-up dialogs.\n");
+  fflush(stdout);
+
+  EXPECT_DEATH({
+    testing::GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions) = false;
+    abort();
+  }, "");
+}
+#  endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+// Tests that EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH in debug mode does not abort
+// the function.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, ExpectDebugDeathDoesNotAbort) {
+  bool aborted = true;
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(ExpectDebugDeathHelper(&aborted), "");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(aborted);
+}
+
+void AssertDebugDeathHelper(bool* aborted) {
+  *aborted = true;
+  GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "Before ASSERT_DEBUG_DEATH";
+  ASSERT_DEBUG_DEATH(GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "In ASSERT_DEBUG_DEATH"; return, "")
+      << "This is expected to fail.";
+  GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "After ASSERT_DEBUG_DEATH";
+  *aborted = false;
+}
+
+// Tests that ASSERT_DEBUG_DEATH in debug mode aborts the function on
+// failure.
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, AssertDebugDeathAborts) {
+  static bool aborted;
+  aborted = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(AssertDebugDeathHelper(&aborted), "");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(aborted);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, AssertDebugDeathAborts2) {
+  static bool aborted;
+  aborted = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(AssertDebugDeathHelper(&aborted), "");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(aborted);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, AssertDebugDeathAborts3) {
+  static bool aborted;
+  aborted = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(AssertDebugDeathHelper(&aborted), "");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(aborted);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, AssertDebugDeathAborts4) {
+  static bool aborted;
+  aborted = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(AssertDebugDeathHelper(&aborted), "");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(aborted);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, AssertDebugDeathAborts5) {
+  static bool aborted;
+  aborted = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(AssertDebugDeathHelper(&aborted), "");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(aborted);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, AssertDebugDeathAborts6) {
+  static bool aborted;
+  aborted = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(AssertDebugDeathHelper(&aborted), "");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(aborted);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, AssertDebugDeathAborts7) {
+  static bool aborted;
+  aborted = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(AssertDebugDeathHelper(&aborted), "");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(aborted);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, AssertDebugDeathAborts8) {
+  static bool aborted;
+  aborted = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(AssertDebugDeathHelper(&aborted), "");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(aborted);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, AssertDebugDeathAborts9) {
+  static bool aborted;
+  aborted = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(AssertDebugDeathHelper(&aborted), "");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(aborted);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, AssertDebugDeathAborts10) {
+  static bool aborted;
+  aborted = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(AssertDebugDeathHelper(&aborted), "");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(aborted);
+}
+
+# endif  // _NDEBUG
+
+// Tests the *_EXIT family of macros, using a variety of predicates.
+static void TestExitMacros() {
+  EXPECT_EXIT(_exit(1),  testing::ExitedWithCode(1),  "");
+  ASSERT_EXIT(_exit(42), testing::ExitedWithCode(42), "");
+
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+  // Of all signals effects on the process exit code, only those of SIGABRT
+  // are documented on Windows.
+  // See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dwwzkt4c(VS.71).aspx.
+  EXPECT_EXIT(raise(SIGABRT), testing::ExitedWithCode(3), "") << "b_ar";
+
+# else
+
+  EXPECT_EXIT(raise(SIGKILL), testing::KilledBySignal(SIGKILL), "") << "foo";
+  ASSERT_EXIT(raise(SIGUSR2), testing::KilledBySignal(SIGUSR2), "") << "bar";
+
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_EXIT(_exit(0), testing::KilledBySignal(SIGSEGV), "")
+      << "This failure is expected, too.";
+  }, "This failure is expected, too.");
+
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_EXIT(raise(SIGSEGV), testing::ExitedWithCode(0), "")
+      << "This failure is expected.";
+  }, "This failure is expected.");
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, ExitMacros) {
+  TestExitMacros();
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, ExitMacrosUsingFork) {
+  testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork) = true;
+  TestExitMacros();
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, InvalidStyle) {
+  testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = "rococo";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_DEATH(_exit(0), "") << "This failure is expected.";
+  }, "This failure is expected.");
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, DeathTestFailedOutput) {
+  testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = "fast";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
+      EXPECT_DEATH(DieWithMessage("death\n"),
+                   "expected message"),
+      "Actual msg:\n"
+      "[  DEATH   ] death\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, DeathTestUnexpectedReturnOutput) {
+  testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = "fast";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
+      EXPECT_DEATH({
+          fprintf(stderr, "returning\n");
+          fflush(stderr);
+          return;
+        }, ""),
+      "    Result: illegal return in test statement.\n"
+      " Error msg:\n"
+      "[  DEATH   ] returning\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, DeathTestBadExitCodeOutput) {
+  testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = "fast";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
+      EXPECT_EXIT(DieWithMessage("exiting with rc 1\n"),
+                  testing::ExitedWithCode(3),
+                  "expected message"),
+      "    Result: died but not with expected exit code:\n"
+      "            Exited with exit status 1\n"
+      "Actual msg:\n"
+      "[  DEATH   ] exiting with rc 1\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, DeathTestMultiLineMatchFail) {
+  testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = "fast";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
+      EXPECT_DEATH(DieWithMessage("line 1\nline 2\nline 3\n"),
+                   "line 1\nxyz\nline 3\n"),
+      "Actual msg:\n"
+      "[  DEATH   ] line 1\n"
+      "[  DEATH   ] line 2\n"
+      "[  DEATH   ] line 3\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, DeathTestMultiLineMatchPass) {
+  testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = "fast";
+  EXPECT_DEATH(DieWithMessage("line 1\nline 2\nline 3\n"),
+               "line 1\nline 2\nline 3\n");
+}
+
+// A DeathTestFactory that returns MockDeathTests.
+class MockDeathTestFactory : public DeathTestFactory {
+ public:
+  MockDeathTestFactory();
+  virtual bool Create(const char* statement,
+                      const ::testing::internal::RE* regex,
+                      const char* file, int line, DeathTest** test);
+
+  // Sets the parameters for subsequent calls to Create.
+  void SetParameters(bool create, DeathTest::TestRole role,
+                     int status, bool passed);
+
+  // Accessors.
+  int AssumeRoleCalls() const { return assume_role_calls_; }
+  int WaitCalls() const { return wait_calls_; }
+  size_t PassedCalls() const { return passed_args_.size(); }
+  bool PassedArgument(int n) const { return passed_args_[n]; }
+  size_t AbortCalls() const { return abort_args_.size(); }
+  DeathTest::AbortReason AbortArgument(int n) const {
+    return abort_args_[n];
+  }
+  bool TestDeleted() const { return test_deleted_; }
+
+ private:
+  friend class MockDeathTest;
+  // If true, Create will return a MockDeathTest; otherwise it returns
+  // NULL.
+  bool create_;
+  // The value a MockDeathTest will return from its AssumeRole method.
+  DeathTest::TestRole role_;
+  // The value a MockDeathTest will return from its Wait method.
+  int status_;
+  // The value a MockDeathTest will return from its Passed method.
+  bool passed_;
+
+  // Number of times AssumeRole was called.
+  int assume_role_calls_;
+  // Number of times Wait was called.
+  int wait_calls_;
+  // The arguments to the calls to Passed since the last call to
+  // SetParameters.
+  std::vector<bool> passed_args_;
+  // The arguments to the calls to Abort since the last call to
+  // SetParameters.
+  std::vector<DeathTest::AbortReason> abort_args_;
+  // True if the last MockDeathTest returned by Create has been
+  // deleted.
+  bool test_deleted_;
+};
+
+
+// A DeathTest implementation useful in testing.  It returns values set
+// at its creation from its various inherited DeathTest methods, and
+// reports calls to those methods to its parent MockDeathTestFactory
+// object.
+class MockDeathTest : public DeathTest {
+ public:
+  MockDeathTest(MockDeathTestFactory *parent,
+                TestRole role, int status, bool passed) :
+      parent_(parent), role_(role), status_(status), passed_(passed) {
+  }
+  virtual ~MockDeathTest() {
+    parent_->test_deleted_ = true;
+  }
+  virtual TestRole AssumeRole() {
+    ++parent_->assume_role_calls_;
+    return role_;
+  }
+  virtual int Wait() {
+    ++parent_->wait_calls_;
+    return status_;
+  }
+  virtual bool Passed(bool exit_status_ok) {
+    parent_->passed_args_.push_back(exit_status_ok);
+    return passed_;
+  }
+  virtual void Abort(AbortReason reason) {
+    parent_->abort_args_.push_back(reason);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  MockDeathTestFactory* const parent_;
+  const TestRole role_;
+  const int status_;
+  const bool passed_;
+};
+
+
+// MockDeathTestFactory constructor.
+MockDeathTestFactory::MockDeathTestFactory()
+    : create_(true),
+      role_(DeathTest::OVERSEE_TEST),
+      status_(0),
+      passed_(true),
+      assume_role_calls_(0),
+      wait_calls_(0),
+      passed_args_(),
+      abort_args_() {
+}
+
+
+// Sets the parameters for subsequent calls to Create.
+void MockDeathTestFactory::SetParameters(bool create,
+                                         DeathTest::TestRole role,
+                                         int status, bool passed) {
+  create_ = create;
+  role_ = role;
+  status_ = status;
+  passed_ = passed;
+
+  assume_role_calls_ = 0;
+  wait_calls_ = 0;
+  passed_args_.clear();
+  abort_args_.clear();
+}
+
+
+// Sets test to NULL (if create_ is false) or to the address of a new
+// MockDeathTest object with parameters taken from the last call
+// to SetParameters (if create_ is true).  Always returns true.
+bool MockDeathTestFactory::Create(const char* /*statement*/,
+                                  const ::testing::internal::RE* /*regex*/,
+                                  const char* /*file*/,
+                                  int /*line*/,
+                                  DeathTest** test) {
+  test_deleted_ = false;
+  if (create_) {
+    *test = new MockDeathTest(this, role_, status_, passed_);
+  } else {
+    *test = NULL;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// A test fixture for testing the logic of the GTEST_DEATH_TEST_ macro.
+// It installs a MockDeathTestFactory that is used for the duration
+// of the test case.
+class MacroLogicDeathTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  static testing::internal::ReplaceDeathTestFactory* replacer_;
+  static MockDeathTestFactory* factory_;
+
+  static void SetUpTestCase() {
+    factory_ = new MockDeathTestFactory;
+    replacer_ = new testing::internal::ReplaceDeathTestFactory(factory_);
+  }
+
+  static void TearDownTestCase() {
+    delete replacer_;
+    replacer_ = NULL;
+    delete factory_;
+    factory_ = NULL;
+  }
+
+  // Runs a death test that breaks the rules by returning.  Such a death
+  // test cannot be run directly from a test routine that uses a
+  // MockDeathTest, or the remainder of the routine will not be executed.
+  static void RunReturningDeathTest(bool* flag) {
+    ASSERT_DEATH({  // NOLINT
+      *flag = true;
+      return;
+    }, "");
+  }
+};
+
+testing::internal::ReplaceDeathTestFactory* MacroLogicDeathTest::replacer_
+    = NULL;
+MockDeathTestFactory* MacroLogicDeathTest::factory_ = NULL;
+
+
+// Test that nothing happens when the factory doesn't return a DeathTest:
+TEST_F(MacroLogicDeathTest, NothingHappens) {
+  bool flag = false;
+  factory_->SetParameters(false, DeathTest::OVERSEE_TEST, 0, true);
+  EXPECT_DEATH(flag = true, "");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(flag);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, factory_->AssumeRoleCalls());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, factory_->WaitCalls());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, factory_->PassedCalls());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, factory_->AbortCalls());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(factory_->TestDeleted());
+}
+
+// Test that the parent process doesn't run the death test code,
+// and that the Passed method returns false when the (simulated)
+// child process exits with status 0:
+TEST_F(MacroLogicDeathTest, ChildExitsSuccessfully) {
+  bool flag = false;
+  factory_->SetParameters(true, DeathTest::OVERSEE_TEST, 0, true);
+  EXPECT_DEATH(flag = true, "");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(flag);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, factory_->AssumeRoleCalls());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, factory_->WaitCalls());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, factory_->PassedCalls());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(factory_->PassedArgument(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, factory_->AbortCalls());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(factory_->TestDeleted());
+}
+
+// Tests that the Passed method was given the argument "true" when
+// the (simulated) child process exits with status 1:
+TEST_F(MacroLogicDeathTest, ChildExitsUnsuccessfully) {
+  bool flag = false;
+  factory_->SetParameters(true, DeathTest::OVERSEE_TEST, 1, true);
+  EXPECT_DEATH(flag = true, "");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(flag);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, factory_->AssumeRoleCalls());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, factory_->WaitCalls());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, factory_->PassedCalls());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(factory_->PassedArgument(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, factory_->AbortCalls());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(factory_->TestDeleted());
+}
+
+// Tests that the (simulated) child process executes the death test
+// code, and is aborted with the correct AbortReason if it
+// executes a return statement.
+TEST_F(MacroLogicDeathTest, ChildPerformsReturn) {
+  bool flag = false;
+  factory_->SetParameters(true, DeathTest::EXECUTE_TEST, 0, true);
+  RunReturningDeathTest(&flag);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(flag);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, factory_->AssumeRoleCalls());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, factory_->WaitCalls());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, factory_->PassedCalls());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1U, factory_->AbortCalls());
+  EXPECT_EQ(DeathTest::TEST_ENCOUNTERED_RETURN_STATEMENT,
+            factory_->AbortArgument(0));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(factory_->TestDeleted());
+}
+
+// Tests that the (simulated) child process is aborted with the
+// correct AbortReason if it does not die.
+TEST_F(MacroLogicDeathTest, ChildDoesNotDie) {
+  bool flag = false;
+  factory_->SetParameters(true, DeathTest::EXECUTE_TEST, 0, true);
+  EXPECT_DEATH(flag = true, "");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(flag);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, factory_->AssumeRoleCalls());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, factory_->WaitCalls());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, factory_->PassedCalls());
+  // This time there are two calls to Abort: one since the test didn't
+  // die, and another from the ReturnSentinel when it's destroyed.  The
+  // sentinel normally isn't destroyed if a test doesn't die, since
+  // _exit(2) is called in that case by ForkingDeathTest, but not by
+  // our MockDeathTest.
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, factory_->AbortCalls());
+  EXPECT_EQ(DeathTest::TEST_DID_NOT_DIE,
+            factory_->AbortArgument(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(DeathTest::TEST_ENCOUNTERED_RETURN_STATEMENT,
+            factory_->AbortArgument(1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(factory_->TestDeleted());
+}
+
+// Tests that a successful death test does not register a successful
+// test part.
+TEST(SuccessRegistrationDeathTest, NoSuccessPart) {
+  EXPECT_DEATH(_exit(1), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->total_part_count());
+}
+
+TEST(StreamingAssertionsDeathTest, DeathTest) {
+  EXPECT_DEATH(_exit(1), "") << "unexpected failure";
+  ASSERT_DEATH(_exit(1), "") << "unexpected failure";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_DEATH(_exit(0), "") << "expected failure";
+  }, "expected failure");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_DEATH(_exit(0), "") << "expected failure";
+  }, "expected failure");
+}
+
+// Tests that GetLastErrnoDescription returns an empty string when the
+// last error is 0 and non-empty string when it is non-zero.
+TEST(GetLastErrnoDescription, GetLastErrnoDescriptionWorks) {
+  errno = ENOENT;
+  EXPECT_STRNE("", GetLastErrnoDescription().c_str());
+  errno = 0;
+  EXPECT_STREQ("", GetLastErrnoDescription().c_str());
+}
+
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+TEST(AutoHandleTest, AutoHandleWorks) {
+  HANDLE handle = ::CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
+  ASSERT_NE(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, handle);
+
+  // Tests that the AutoHandle is correctly initialized with a handle.
+  testing::internal::AutoHandle auto_handle(handle);
+  EXPECT_EQ(handle, auto_handle.Get());
+
+  // Tests that Reset assigns INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE.
+  // Note that this cannot verify whether the original handle is closed.
+  auto_handle.Reset();
+  EXPECT_EQ(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, auto_handle.Get());
+
+  // Tests that Reset assigns the new handle.
+  // Note that this cannot verify whether the original handle is closed.
+  handle = ::CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
+  ASSERT_NE(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, handle);
+  auto_handle.Reset(handle);
+  EXPECT_EQ(handle, auto_handle.Get());
+
+  // Tests that AutoHandle contains INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE by default.
+  testing::internal::AutoHandle auto_handle2;
+  EXPECT_EQ(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, auto_handle2.Get());
+}
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+typedef unsigned __int64 BiggestParsable;
+typedef signed __int64 BiggestSignedParsable;
+# else
+typedef unsigned long long BiggestParsable;
+typedef signed long long BiggestSignedParsable;
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+// We cannot use std::numeric_limits<T>::max() as it clashes with the
+// max() macro defined by <windows.h>.
+const BiggestParsable kBiggestParsableMax = ULLONG_MAX;
+const BiggestSignedParsable kBiggestSignedParsableMax = LLONG_MAX;
+
+TEST(ParseNaturalNumberTest, RejectsInvalidFormat) {
+  BiggestParsable result = 0;
+
+  // Rejects non-numbers.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ParseNaturalNumber("non-number string", &result));
+
+  // Rejects numbers with whitespace prefix.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ParseNaturalNumber(" 123", &result));
+
+  // Rejects negative numbers.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ParseNaturalNumber("-123", &result));
+
+  // Rejects numbers starting with a plus sign.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ParseNaturalNumber("+123", &result));
+  errno = 0;
+}
+
+TEST(ParseNaturalNumberTest, RejectsOverflownNumbers) {
+  BiggestParsable result = 0;
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ParseNaturalNumber("99999999999999999999999", &result));
+
+  signed char char_result = 0;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ParseNaturalNumber("200", &char_result));
+  errno = 0;
+}
+
+TEST(ParseNaturalNumberTest, AcceptsValidNumbers) {
+  BiggestParsable result = 0;
+
+  result = 0;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ParseNaturalNumber("123", &result));
+  EXPECT_EQ(123U, result);
+
+  // Check 0 as an edge case.
+  result = 1;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ParseNaturalNumber("0", &result));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, result);
+
+  result = 1;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ParseNaturalNumber("00000", &result));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, result);
+}
+
+TEST(ParseNaturalNumberTest, AcceptsTypeLimits) {
+  Message msg;
+  msg << kBiggestParsableMax;
+
+  BiggestParsable result = 0;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ParseNaturalNumber(msg.GetString(), &result));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kBiggestParsableMax, result);
+
+  Message msg2;
+  msg2 << kBiggestSignedParsableMax;
+
+  BiggestSignedParsable signed_result = 0;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ParseNaturalNumber(msg2.GetString(), &signed_result));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kBiggestSignedParsableMax, signed_result);
+
+  Message msg3;
+  msg3 << INT_MAX;
+
+  int int_result = 0;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ParseNaturalNumber(msg3.GetString(), &int_result));
+  EXPECT_EQ(INT_MAX, int_result);
+
+  Message msg4;
+  msg4 << UINT_MAX;
+
+  unsigned int uint_result = 0;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ParseNaturalNumber(msg4.GetString(), &uint_result));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UINT_MAX, uint_result);
+}
+
+TEST(ParseNaturalNumberTest, WorksForShorterIntegers) {
+  short short_result = 0;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ParseNaturalNumber("123", &short_result));
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, short_result);
+
+  signed char char_result = 0;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ParseNaturalNumber("123", &char_result));
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, char_result);
+}
+
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+TEST(EnvironmentTest, HandleFitsIntoSizeT) {
+  // TODO(vladl@google.com): Remove this test after this condition is verified
+  // in a static assertion in gtest-death-test.cc in the function
+  // GetStatusFileDescriptor.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(sizeof(HANDLE) <= sizeof(size_t));
+}
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+// Tests that EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED/ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED trigger
+// failures when death tests are available on the system.
+TEST(ConditionalDeathMacrosDeathTest, ExpectsDeathWhenDeathTestsAvailable) {
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(DieInside("CondDeathTestExpectMacro"),
+                            "death inside CondDeathTestExpectMacro");
+  ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(DieInside("CondDeathTestAssertMacro"),
+                            "death inside CondDeathTestAssertMacro");
+
+  // Empty statement will not crash, which must trigger a failure.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(;, ""), "");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(;, ""), "");
+}
+
+TEST(InDeathTestChildDeathTest, ReportsDeathTestCorrectlyInFastStyle) {
+  testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = "fast";
+  EXPECT_FALSE(InDeathTestChild());
+  EXPECT_DEATH({
+    fprintf(stderr, InDeathTestChild() ? "Inside" : "Outside");
+    fflush(stderr);
+    _exit(1);
+  }, "Inside");
+}
+
+TEST(InDeathTestChildDeathTest, ReportsDeathTestCorrectlyInThreadSafeStyle) {
+  testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = "threadsafe";
+  EXPECT_FALSE(InDeathTestChild());
+  EXPECT_DEATH({
+    fprintf(stderr, InDeathTestChild() ? "Inside" : "Outside");
+    fflush(stderr);
+    _exit(1);
+  }, "Inside");
+}
+
+#else  // !GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST follows
+
+using testing::internal::CaptureStderr;
+using testing::internal::GetCapturedStderr;
+
+// Tests that EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED/ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED are still
+// defined but do not trigger failures when death tests are not available on
+// the system.
+TEST(ConditionalDeathMacrosTest, WarnsWhenDeathTestsNotAvailable) {
+  // Empty statement will not crash, but that should not trigger a failure
+  // when death tests are not supported.
+  CaptureStderr();
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(;, "");
+  std::string output = GetCapturedStderr();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(NULL != strstr(output.c_str(),
+                             "Death tests are not supported on this platform"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(NULL != strstr(output.c_str(), ";"));
+
+  // The streamed message should not be printed as there is no test failure.
+  CaptureStderr();
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(;, "") << "streamed message";
+  output = GetCapturedStderr();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(NULL == strstr(output.c_str(), "streamed message"));
+
+  CaptureStderr();
+  ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(;, "");  // NOLINT
+  output = GetCapturedStderr();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(NULL != strstr(output.c_str(),
+                             "Death tests are not supported on this platform"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(NULL != strstr(output.c_str(), ";"));
+
+  CaptureStderr();
+  ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(;, "") << "streamed message";  // NOLINT
+  output = GetCapturedStderr();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(NULL == strstr(output.c_str(), "streamed message"));
+}
+
+void FuncWithAssert(int* n) {
+  ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(return;, "");
+  (*n)++;
+}
+
+// Tests that ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED does not return from the current
+// function (as ASSERT_DEATH does) if death tests are not supported.
+TEST(ConditionalDeathMacrosTest, AssertDeatDoesNotReturnhIfUnsupported) {
+  int n = 0;
+  FuncWithAssert(&n);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, n);
+}
+
+#endif  // !GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+// Tests that the death test macros expand to code which may or may not
+// be followed by operator<<, and that in either case the complete text
+// comprises only a single C++ statement.
+//
+// The syntax should work whether death tests are available or not.
+TEST(ConditionalDeathMacrosSyntaxDeathTest, SingleStatement) {
+  if (AlwaysFalse())
+    // This would fail if executed; this is a compilation test only
+    ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(return, "");
+
+  if (AlwaysTrue())
+    EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(_exit(1), "");
+  else
+    // This empty "else" branch is meant to ensure that EXPECT_DEATH
+    // doesn't expand into an "if" statement without an "else"
+    ;  // NOLINT
+
+  if (AlwaysFalse())
+    ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(return, "") << "did not die";
+
+  if (AlwaysFalse())
+    ;  // NOLINT
+  else
+    EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(_exit(1), "") << 1 << 2 << 3;
+}
+
+// Tests that conditional death test macros expand to code which interacts
+// well with switch statements.
+TEST(ConditionalDeathMacrosSyntaxDeathTest, SwitchStatement) {
+  // Microsoft compiler usually complains about switch statements without
+  // case labels. We suppress that warning for this test.
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4065)
+
+  switch (0)
+    default:
+      ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(_exit(1), "")
+          << "exit in default switch handler";
+
+  switch (0)
+    case 0:
+      EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(_exit(1), "") << "exit in switch case";
+
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+}
+
+// Tests that a test case whose name ends with "DeathTest" works fine
+// on Windows.
+TEST(NotADeathTest, Test) {
+  SUCCEED();
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-filepath_test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-filepath_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..da72986926b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-filepath_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,662 @@
+// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Authors: keith.ray@gmail.com (Keith Ray)
+//
+// Google Test filepath utilities
+//
+// This file tests classes and functions used internally by
+// Google Test.  They are subject to change without notice.
+//
+// This file is #included from gtest_unittest.cc, to avoid changing
+// build or make-files for some existing Google Test clients. Do not
+// #include this file anywhere else!
+
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
+// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
+// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
+// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
+// his code.
+#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
+#include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
+#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+# include <windows.h>  // NOLINT
+#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# include <direct.h>  // NOLINT
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+namespace testing {
+namespace internal {
+namespace {
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+// TODO(wan@google.com): Move these to the POSIX adapter section in
+// gtest-port.h.
+
+// Windows CE doesn't have the remove C function.
+int remove(const char* path) {
+  LPCWSTR wpath = String::AnsiToUtf16(path);
+  int ret = DeleteFile(wpath) ? 0 : -1;
+  delete [] wpath;
+  return ret;
+}
+// Windows CE doesn't have the _rmdir C function.
+int _rmdir(const char* path) {
+  FilePath filepath(path);
+  LPCWSTR wpath = String::AnsiToUtf16(
+      filepath.RemoveTrailingPathSeparator().c_str());
+  int ret = RemoveDirectory(wpath) ? 0 : -1;
+  delete [] wpath;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+#else
+
+TEST(GetCurrentDirTest, ReturnsCurrentDir) {
+  const FilePath original_dir = FilePath::GetCurrentDir();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(original_dir.IsEmpty());
+
+  posix::ChDir(GTEST_PATH_SEP_);
+  const FilePath cwd = FilePath::GetCurrentDir();
+  posix::ChDir(original_dir.c_str());
+
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+  // Skips the ":".
+  const char* const cwd_without_drive = strchr(cwd.c_str(), ':');
+  ASSERT_TRUE(cwd_without_drive != NULL);
+  EXPECT_STREQ(GTEST_PATH_SEP_, cwd_without_drive + 1);
+
+# else
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(GTEST_PATH_SEP_, cwd.string());
+
+# endif
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+TEST(IsEmptyTest, ReturnsTrueForEmptyPath) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath("").IsEmpty());
+}
+
+TEST(IsEmptyTest, ReturnsFalseForNonEmptyPath) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("a").IsEmpty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath(".").IsEmpty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("a/b").IsEmpty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("a\\b\\").IsEmpty());
+}
+
+// RemoveDirectoryName "" -> ""
+TEST(RemoveDirectoryNameTest, WhenEmptyName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("", FilePath("").RemoveDirectoryName().string());
+}
+
+// RemoveDirectoryName "afile" -> "afile"
+TEST(RemoveDirectoryNameTest, ButNoDirectory) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("afile",
+      FilePath("afile").RemoveDirectoryName().string());
+}
+
+// RemoveDirectoryName "/afile" -> "afile"
+TEST(RemoveDirectoryNameTest, RootFileShouldGiveFileName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("afile",
+      FilePath(GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "afile").RemoveDirectoryName().string());
+}
+
+// RemoveDirectoryName "adir/" -> ""
+TEST(RemoveDirectoryNameTest, WhereThereIsNoFileName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("",
+      FilePath("adir" GTEST_PATH_SEP_).RemoveDirectoryName().string());
+}
+
+// RemoveDirectoryName "adir/afile" -> "afile"
+TEST(RemoveDirectoryNameTest, ShouldGiveFileName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("afile",
+      FilePath("adir" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "afile").RemoveDirectoryName().string());
+}
+
+// RemoveDirectoryName "adir/subdir/afile" -> "afile"
+TEST(RemoveDirectoryNameTest, ShouldAlsoGiveFileName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("afile",
+      FilePath("adir" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "subdir" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "afile")
+      .RemoveDirectoryName().string());
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_
+
+// Tests that RemoveDirectoryName() works with the alternate separator
+// on Windows.
+
+// RemoveDirectoryName("/afile") -> "afile"
+TEST(RemoveDirectoryNameTest, RootFileShouldGiveFileNameForAlternateSeparator) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("afile", FilePath("/afile").RemoveDirectoryName().string());
+}
+
+// RemoveDirectoryName("adir/") -> ""
+TEST(RemoveDirectoryNameTest, WhereThereIsNoFileNameForAlternateSeparator) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("", FilePath("adir/").RemoveDirectoryName().string());
+}
+
+// RemoveDirectoryName("adir/afile") -> "afile"
+TEST(RemoveDirectoryNameTest, ShouldGiveFileNameForAlternateSeparator) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("afile", FilePath("adir/afile").RemoveDirectoryName().string());
+}
+
+// RemoveDirectoryName("adir/subdir/afile") -> "afile"
+TEST(RemoveDirectoryNameTest, ShouldAlsoGiveFileNameForAlternateSeparator) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("afile",
+            FilePath("adir/subdir/afile").RemoveDirectoryName().string());
+}
+
+#endif
+
+// RemoveFileName "" -> "./"
+TEST(RemoveFileNameTest, EmptyName) {
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+  // On Windows CE, we use the root as the current directory.
+  EXPECT_EQ(GTEST_PATH_SEP_, FilePath("").RemoveFileName().string());
+#else
+  EXPECT_EQ("." GTEST_PATH_SEP_, FilePath("").RemoveFileName().string());
+#endif
+}
+
+// RemoveFileName "adir/" -> "adir/"
+TEST(RemoveFileNameTest, ButNoFile) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("adir" GTEST_PATH_SEP_,
+      FilePath("adir" GTEST_PATH_SEP_).RemoveFileName().string());
+}
+
+// RemoveFileName "adir/afile" -> "adir/"
+TEST(RemoveFileNameTest, GivesDirName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("adir" GTEST_PATH_SEP_,
+            FilePath("adir" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "afile").RemoveFileName().string());
+}
+
+// RemoveFileName "adir/subdir/afile" -> "adir/subdir/"
+TEST(RemoveFileNameTest, GivesDirAndSubDirName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("adir" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "subdir" GTEST_PATH_SEP_,
+      FilePath("adir" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "subdir" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "afile")
+      .RemoveFileName().string());
+}
+
+// RemoveFileName "/afile" -> "/"
+TEST(RemoveFileNameTest, GivesRootDir) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(GTEST_PATH_SEP_,
+      FilePath(GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "afile").RemoveFileName().string());
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_
+
+// Tests that RemoveFileName() works with the alternate separator on
+// Windows.
+
+// RemoveFileName("adir/") -> "adir/"
+TEST(RemoveFileNameTest, ButNoFileForAlternateSeparator) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("adir" GTEST_PATH_SEP_,
+            FilePath("adir/").RemoveFileName().string());
+}
+
+// RemoveFileName("adir/afile") -> "adir/"
+TEST(RemoveFileNameTest, GivesDirNameForAlternateSeparator) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("adir" GTEST_PATH_SEP_,
+            FilePath("adir/afile").RemoveFileName().string());
+}
+
+// RemoveFileName("adir/subdir/afile") -> "adir/subdir/"
+TEST(RemoveFileNameTest, GivesDirAndSubDirNameForAlternateSeparator) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("adir" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "subdir" GTEST_PATH_SEP_,
+            FilePath("adir/subdir/afile").RemoveFileName().string());
+}
+
+// RemoveFileName("/afile") -> "\"
+TEST(RemoveFileNameTest, GivesRootDirForAlternateSeparator) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(GTEST_PATH_SEP_, FilePath("/afile").RemoveFileName().string());
+}
+
+#endif
+
+TEST(MakeFileNameTest, GenerateWhenNumberIsZero) {
+  FilePath actual = FilePath::MakeFileName(FilePath("foo"), FilePath("bar"),
+      0, "xml");
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar.xml", actual.string());
+}
+
+TEST(MakeFileNameTest, GenerateFileNameNumberGtZero) {
+  FilePath actual = FilePath::MakeFileName(FilePath("foo"), FilePath("bar"),
+      12, "xml");
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar_12.xml", actual.string());
+}
+
+TEST(MakeFileNameTest, GenerateFileNameWithSlashNumberIsZero) {
+  FilePath actual = FilePath::MakeFileName(FilePath("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_),
+      FilePath("bar"), 0, "xml");
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar.xml", actual.string());
+}
+
+TEST(MakeFileNameTest, GenerateFileNameWithSlashNumberGtZero) {
+  FilePath actual = FilePath::MakeFileName(FilePath("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_),
+      FilePath("bar"), 12, "xml");
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar_12.xml", actual.string());
+}
+
+TEST(MakeFileNameTest, GenerateWhenNumberIsZeroAndDirIsEmpty) {
+  FilePath actual = FilePath::MakeFileName(FilePath(""), FilePath("bar"),
+      0, "xml");
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar.xml", actual.string());
+}
+
+TEST(MakeFileNameTest, GenerateWhenNumberIsNotZeroAndDirIsEmpty) {
+  FilePath actual = FilePath::MakeFileName(FilePath(""), FilePath("bar"),
+      14, "xml");
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar_14.xml", actual.string());
+}
+
+TEST(ConcatPathsTest, WorksWhenDirDoesNotEndWithPathSep) {
+  FilePath actual = FilePath::ConcatPaths(FilePath("foo"),
+                                          FilePath("bar.xml"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar.xml", actual.string());
+}
+
+TEST(ConcatPathsTest, WorksWhenPath1EndsWithPathSep) {
+  FilePath actual = FilePath::ConcatPaths(FilePath("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_),
+                                          FilePath("bar.xml"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar.xml", actual.string());
+}
+
+TEST(ConcatPathsTest, Path1BeingEmpty) {
+  FilePath actual = FilePath::ConcatPaths(FilePath(""),
+                                          FilePath("bar.xml"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar.xml", actual.string());
+}
+
+TEST(ConcatPathsTest, Path2BeingEmpty) {
+  FilePath actual = FilePath::ConcatPaths(FilePath("foo"), FilePath(""));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_, actual.string());
+}
+
+TEST(ConcatPathsTest, BothPathBeingEmpty) {
+  FilePath actual = FilePath::ConcatPaths(FilePath(""),
+                                          FilePath(""));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", actual.string());
+}
+
+TEST(ConcatPathsTest, Path1ContainsPathSep) {
+  FilePath actual = FilePath::ConcatPaths(FilePath("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar"),
+                                          FilePath("foobar.xml"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "foobar.xml",
+            actual.string());
+}
+
+TEST(ConcatPathsTest, Path2ContainsPathSep) {
+  FilePath actual = FilePath::ConcatPaths(
+      FilePath("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_),
+      FilePath("bar" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar.xml"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar.xml",
+            actual.string());
+}
+
+TEST(ConcatPathsTest, Path2EndsWithPathSep) {
+  FilePath actual = FilePath::ConcatPaths(FilePath("foo"),
+                                          FilePath("bar" GTEST_PATH_SEP_));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar" GTEST_PATH_SEP_, actual.string());
+}
+
+// RemoveTrailingPathSeparator "" -> ""
+TEST(RemoveTrailingPathSeparatorTest, EmptyString) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("", FilePath("").RemoveTrailingPathSeparator().string());
+}
+
+// RemoveTrailingPathSeparator "foo" -> "foo"
+TEST(RemoveTrailingPathSeparatorTest, FileNoSlashString) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", FilePath("foo").RemoveTrailingPathSeparator().string());
+}
+
+// RemoveTrailingPathSeparator "foo/" -> "foo"
+TEST(RemoveTrailingPathSeparatorTest, ShouldRemoveTrailingSeparator) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo",
+      FilePath("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_).RemoveTrailingPathSeparator().string());
+#if GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", FilePath("foo/").RemoveTrailingPathSeparator().string());
+#endif
+}
+
+// RemoveTrailingPathSeparator "foo/bar/" -> "foo/bar/"
+TEST(RemoveTrailingPathSeparatorTest, ShouldRemoveLastSeparator) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar",
+            FilePath("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar" GTEST_PATH_SEP_)
+                .RemoveTrailingPathSeparator().string());
+}
+
+// RemoveTrailingPathSeparator "foo/bar" -> "foo/bar"
+TEST(RemoveTrailingPathSeparatorTest, ShouldReturnUnmodified) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar",
+            FilePath("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar")
+                .RemoveTrailingPathSeparator().string());
+}
+
+TEST(DirectoryTest, RootDirectoryExists) {
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS  // We are on Windows.
+  char current_drive[_MAX_PATH];  // NOLINT
+  current_drive[0] = static_cast<char>(_getdrive() + 'A' - 1);
+  current_drive[1] = ':';
+  current_drive[2] = '\\';
+  current_drive[3] = '\0';
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath(current_drive).DirectoryExists());
+#else
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath("/").DirectoryExists());
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+}
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+TEST(DirectoryTest, RootOfWrongDriveDoesNotExists) {
+  const int saved_drive_ = _getdrive();
+  // Find a drive that doesn't exist. Start with 'Z' to avoid common ones.
+  for (char drive = 'Z'; drive >= 'A'; drive--)
+    if (_chdrive(drive - 'A' + 1) == -1) {
+      char non_drive[_MAX_PATH];  // NOLINT
+      non_drive[0] = drive;
+      non_drive[1] = ':';
+      non_drive[2] = '\\';
+      non_drive[3] = '\0';
+      EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath(non_drive).DirectoryExists());
+      break;
+    }
+  _chdrive(saved_drive_);
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+// Windows CE _does_ consider an empty directory to exist.
+TEST(DirectoryTest, EmptyPathDirectoryDoesNotExist) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("").DirectoryExists());
+}
+#endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+TEST(DirectoryTest, CurrentDirectoryExists) {
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS  // We are on Windows.
+# ifndef _WIN32_CE  // Windows CE doesn't have a current directory.
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath(".").DirectoryExists());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath(".\\").DirectoryExists());
+
+# endif  // _WIN32_CE
+#else
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath(".").DirectoryExists());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath("./").DirectoryExists());
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+}
+
+// "foo/bar" == foo//bar" == "foo///bar"
+TEST(NormalizeTest, MultipleConsecutiveSepaparatorsInMidstring) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar",
+            FilePath("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar").string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar",
+            FilePath("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar").string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar",
+            FilePath("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ GTEST_PATH_SEP_
+                     GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar").string());
+}
+
+// "/bar" == //bar" == "///bar"
+TEST(NormalizeTest, MultipleConsecutiveSepaparatorsAtStringStart) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar",
+    FilePath(GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar").string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar",
+    FilePath(GTEST_PATH_SEP_ GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar").string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar",
+    FilePath(GTEST_PATH_SEP_ GTEST_PATH_SEP_ GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar").string());
+}
+
+// "foo/" == foo//" == "foo///"
+TEST(NormalizeTest, MultipleConsecutiveSepaparatorsAtStringEnd) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_,
+    FilePath("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_).string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_,
+    FilePath("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ GTEST_PATH_SEP_).string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_,
+    FilePath("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ GTEST_PATH_SEP_ GTEST_PATH_SEP_).string());
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_
+
+// Tests that separators at the end of the string are normalized
+// regardless of their combination (e.g. "foo\" =="foo/\" ==
+// "foo\\/").
+TEST(NormalizeTest, MixAlternateSeparatorAtStringEnd) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_,
+            FilePath("foo/").string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_,
+            FilePath("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "/").string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_,
+            FilePath("foo//" GTEST_PATH_SEP_).string());
+}
+
+#endif
+
+TEST(AssignmentOperatorTest, DefaultAssignedToNonDefault) {
+  FilePath default_path;
+  FilePath non_default_path("path");
+  non_default_path = default_path;
+  EXPECT_EQ("", non_default_path.string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("", default_path.string());  // RHS var is unchanged.
+}
+
+TEST(AssignmentOperatorTest, NonDefaultAssignedToDefault) {
+  FilePath non_default_path("path");
+  FilePath default_path;
+  default_path = non_default_path;
+  EXPECT_EQ("path", default_path.string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("path", non_default_path.string());  // RHS var is unchanged.
+}
+
+TEST(AssignmentOperatorTest, ConstAssignedToNonConst) {
+  const FilePath const_default_path("const_path");
+  FilePath non_default_path("path");
+  non_default_path = const_default_path;
+  EXPECT_EQ("const_path", non_default_path.string());
+}
+
+class DirectoryCreationTest : public Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    testdata_path_.Set(FilePath(
+        TempDir() + GetCurrentExecutableName().string() +
+        "_directory_creation" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "test" GTEST_PATH_SEP_));
+    testdata_file_.Set(testdata_path_.RemoveTrailingPathSeparator());
+
+    unique_file0_.Set(FilePath::MakeFileName(testdata_path_, FilePath("unique"),
+        0, "txt"));
+    unique_file1_.Set(FilePath::MakeFileName(testdata_path_, FilePath("unique"),
+        1, "txt"));
+
+    remove(testdata_file_.c_str());
+    remove(unique_file0_.c_str());
+    remove(unique_file1_.c_str());
+    posix::RmDir(testdata_path_.c_str());
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    remove(testdata_file_.c_str());
+    remove(unique_file0_.c_str());
+    remove(unique_file1_.c_str());
+    posix::RmDir(testdata_path_.c_str());
+  }
+
+  void CreateTextFile(const char* filename) {
+    FILE* f = posix::FOpen(filename, "w");
+    fprintf(f, "text\n");
+    fclose(f);
+  }
+
+  // Strings representing a directory and a file, with identical paths
+  // except for the trailing separator character that distinquishes
+  // a directory named 'test' from a file named 'test'. Example names:
+  FilePath testdata_path_;  // "/tmp/directory_creation/test/"
+  FilePath testdata_file_;  // "/tmp/directory_creation/test"
+  FilePath unique_file0_;  // "/tmp/directory_creation/test/unique.txt"
+  FilePath unique_file1_;  // "/tmp/directory_creation/test/unique_1.txt"
+};
+
+TEST_F(DirectoryCreationTest, CreateDirectoriesRecursively) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(testdata_path_.DirectoryExists()) << testdata_path_.string();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(testdata_path_.CreateDirectoriesRecursively());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(testdata_path_.DirectoryExists());
+}
+
+TEST_F(DirectoryCreationTest, CreateDirectoriesForAlreadyExistingPath) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(testdata_path_.DirectoryExists()) << testdata_path_.string();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(testdata_path_.CreateDirectoriesRecursively());
+  // Call 'create' again... should still succeed.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(testdata_path_.CreateDirectoriesRecursively());
+}
+
+TEST_F(DirectoryCreationTest, CreateDirectoriesAndUniqueFilename) {
+  FilePath file_path(FilePath::GenerateUniqueFileName(testdata_path_,
+      FilePath("unique"), "txt"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unique_file0_.string(), file_path.string());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(file_path.FileOrDirectoryExists());  // file not there
+
+  testdata_path_.CreateDirectoriesRecursively();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(file_path.FileOrDirectoryExists());  // file still not there
+  CreateTextFile(file_path.c_str());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file_path.FileOrDirectoryExists());
+
+  FilePath file_path2(FilePath::GenerateUniqueFileName(testdata_path_,
+      FilePath("unique"), "txt"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unique_file1_.string(), file_path2.string());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(file_path2.FileOrDirectoryExists());  // file not there
+  CreateTextFile(file_path2.c_str());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file_path2.FileOrDirectoryExists());
+}
+
+TEST_F(DirectoryCreationTest, CreateDirectoriesFail) {
+  // force a failure by putting a file where we will try to create a directory.
+  CreateTextFile(testdata_file_.c_str());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(testdata_file_.FileOrDirectoryExists());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(testdata_file_.DirectoryExists());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(testdata_file_.CreateDirectoriesRecursively());
+}
+
+TEST(NoDirectoryCreationTest, CreateNoDirectoriesForDefaultXmlFile) {
+  const FilePath test_detail_xml("test_detail.xml");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(test_detail_xml.CreateDirectoriesRecursively());
+}
+
+TEST(FilePathTest, DefaultConstructor) {
+  FilePath fp;
+  EXPECT_EQ("", fp.string());
+}
+
+TEST(FilePathTest, CharAndCopyConstructors) {
+  const FilePath fp("spicy");
+  EXPECT_EQ("spicy", fp.string());
+
+  const FilePath fp_copy(fp);
+  EXPECT_EQ("spicy", fp_copy.string());
+}
+
+TEST(FilePathTest, StringConstructor) {
+  const FilePath fp(std::string("cider"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("cider", fp.string());
+}
+
+TEST(FilePathTest, Set) {
+  const FilePath apple("apple");
+  FilePath mac("mac");
+  mac.Set(apple);  // Implement Set() since overloading operator= is forbidden.
+  EXPECT_EQ("apple", mac.string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("apple", apple.string());
+}
+
+TEST(FilePathTest, ToString) {
+  const FilePath file("drink");
+  EXPECT_EQ("drink", file.string());
+}
+
+TEST(FilePathTest, RemoveExtension) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("app", FilePath("app.cc").RemoveExtension("cc").string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("app", FilePath("app.exe").RemoveExtension("exe").string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("APP", FilePath("APP.EXE").RemoveExtension("exe").string());
+}
+
+TEST(FilePathTest, RemoveExtensionWhenThereIsNoExtension) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("app", FilePath("app").RemoveExtension("exe").string());
+}
+
+TEST(FilePathTest, IsDirectory) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("cola").IsDirectory());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath("koala" GTEST_PATH_SEP_).IsDirectory());
+#if GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath("koala/").IsDirectory());
+#endif
+}
+
+TEST(FilePathTest, IsAbsolutePath) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("is" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "relative").IsAbsolutePath());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("").IsAbsolutePath());
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath("c:\\" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "is_not"
+                       GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "relative").IsAbsolutePath());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("c:foo" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar").IsAbsolutePath());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath("c:/" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "is_not"
+                       GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "relative").IsAbsolutePath());
+#else
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath(GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "is_not" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "relative")
+              .IsAbsolutePath());
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+}
+
+TEST(FilePathTest, IsRootDirectory) {
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath("a:\\").IsRootDirectory());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath("Z:/").IsRootDirectory());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath("e://").IsRootDirectory());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("").IsRootDirectory());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("b:").IsRootDirectory());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("b:a").IsRootDirectory());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("8:/").IsRootDirectory());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("c|/").IsRootDirectory());
+#else
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath("/").IsRootDirectory());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath("//").IsRootDirectory());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("").IsRootDirectory());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("\\").IsRootDirectory());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("/x").IsRootDirectory());
+#endif
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace testing
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-linked_ptr_test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-linked_ptr_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6fcf5124a8c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-linked_ptr_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+// Copyright 2003, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Authors: Dan Egnor (egnor@google.com)
+// Ported to Windows: Vadim Berman (vadimb@google.com)
+
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-linked_ptr.h"
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace {
+
+using testing::Message;
+using testing::internal::linked_ptr;
+
+int num;
+Message* history = NULL;
+
+// Class which tracks allocation/deallocation
+class A {
+ public:
+  A(): mynum(num++) { *history << "A" << mynum << " ctor\n"; }
+  virtual ~A() { *history << "A" << mynum << " dtor\n"; }
+  virtual void Use() { *history << "A" << mynum << " use\n"; }
+ protected:
+  int mynum;
+};
+
+// Subclass
+class B : public A {
+ public:
+  B() { *history << "B" << mynum << " ctor\n"; }
+  ~B() { *history << "B" << mynum << " dtor\n"; }
+  virtual void Use() { *history << "B" << mynum << " use\n"; }
+};
+
+class LinkedPtrTest : public testing::Test {
+ public:
+  LinkedPtrTest() {
+    num = 0;
+    history = new Message;
+  }
+
+  virtual ~LinkedPtrTest() {
+    delete history;
+    history = NULL;
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(LinkedPtrTest, GeneralTest) {
+  {
+    linked_ptr<A> a0, a1, a2;
+    // Use explicit function call notation here to suppress self-assign warning.
+    a0.operator=(a0);
+    a1 = a2;
+    ASSERT_EQ(a0.get(), static_cast<A*>(NULL));
+    ASSERT_EQ(a1.get(), static_cast<A*>(NULL));
+    ASSERT_EQ(a2.get(), static_cast<A*>(NULL));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(a0 == NULL);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(a1 == NULL);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(a2 == NULL);
+
+    {
+      linked_ptr<A> a3(new A);
+      a0 = a3;
+      ASSERT_TRUE(a0 == a3);
+      ASSERT_TRUE(a0 != NULL);
+      ASSERT_TRUE(a0.get() == a3);
+      ASSERT_TRUE(a0 == a3.get());
+      linked_ptr<A> a4(a0);
+      a1 = a4;
+      linked_ptr<A> a5(new A);
+      ASSERT_TRUE(a5.get() != a3);
+      ASSERT_TRUE(a5 != a3.get());
+      a2 = a5;
+      linked_ptr<B> b0(new B);
+      linked_ptr<A> a6(b0);
+      ASSERT_TRUE(b0 == a6);
+      ASSERT_TRUE(a6 == b0);
+      ASSERT_TRUE(b0 != NULL);
+      a5 = b0;
+      a5 = b0;
+      a3->Use();
+      a4->Use();
+      a5->Use();
+      a6->Use();
+      b0->Use();
+      (*b0).Use();
+      b0.get()->Use();
+    }
+
+    a0->Use();
+    a1->Use();
+    a2->Use();
+
+    a1 = a2;
+    a2.reset(new A);
+    a0.reset();
+
+    linked_ptr<A> a7;
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_STREQ(
+    "A0 ctor\n"
+    "A1 ctor\n"
+    "A2 ctor\n"
+    "B2 ctor\n"
+    "A0 use\n"
+    "A0 use\n"
+    "B2 use\n"
+    "B2 use\n"
+    "B2 use\n"
+    "B2 use\n"
+    "B2 use\n"
+    "B2 dtor\n"
+    "A2 dtor\n"
+    "A0 use\n"
+    "A0 use\n"
+    "A1 use\n"
+    "A3 ctor\n"
+    "A0 dtor\n"
+    "A3 dtor\n"
+    "A1 dtor\n",
+    history->GetString().c_str());
+}
+
+}  // Unnamed namespace
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-listener_test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-listener_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..90747685f072
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-listener_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+// Copyright 2009 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
+//
+// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+//
+// This file verifies Google Test event listeners receive events at the
+// right times.
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include <vector>
+
+using ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment;
+using ::testing::Environment;
+using ::testing::InitGoogleTest;
+using ::testing::Test;
+using ::testing::TestCase;
+using ::testing::TestEventListener;
+using ::testing::TestInfo;
+using ::testing::TestPartResult;
+using ::testing::UnitTest;
+
+// Used by tests to register their events.
+std::vector<std::string>* g_events = NULL;
+
+namespace testing {
+namespace internal {
+
+class EventRecordingListener : public TestEventListener {
+ public:
+  explicit EventRecordingListener(const char* name) : name_(name) {}
+
+ protected:
+  virtual void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {
+    g_events->push_back(GetFullMethodName("OnTestProgramStart"));
+  }
+
+  virtual void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/,
+                                    int iteration) {
+    Message message;
+    message << GetFullMethodName("OnTestIterationStart")
+            << "(" << iteration << ")";
+    g_events->push_back(message.GetString());
+  }
+
+  virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {
+    g_events->push_back(GetFullMethodName("OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart"));
+  }
+
+  virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {
+    g_events->push_back(GetFullMethodName("OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd"));
+  }
+
+  virtual void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& /*test_case*/) {
+    g_events->push_back(GetFullMethodName("OnTestCaseStart"));
+  }
+
+  virtual void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& /*test_info*/) {
+    g_events->push_back(GetFullMethodName("OnTestStart"));
+  }
+
+  virtual void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& /*test_part_result*/) {
+    g_events->push_back(GetFullMethodName("OnTestPartResult"));
+  }
+
+  virtual void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& /*test_info*/) {
+    g_events->push_back(GetFullMethodName("OnTestEnd"));
+  }
+
+  virtual void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& /*test_case*/) {
+    g_events->push_back(GetFullMethodName("OnTestCaseEnd"));
+  }
+
+  virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {
+    g_events->push_back(GetFullMethodName("OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart"));
+  }
+
+  virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {
+    g_events->push_back(GetFullMethodName("OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd"));
+  }
+
+  virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/,
+                                  int iteration) {
+    Message message;
+    message << GetFullMethodName("OnTestIterationEnd")
+            << "("  << iteration << ")";
+    g_events->push_back(message.GetString());
+  }
+
+  virtual void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {
+    g_events->push_back(GetFullMethodName("OnTestProgramEnd"));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::string GetFullMethodName(const char* name) {
+    return name_ + "." + name;
+  }
+
+  std::string name_;
+};
+
+class EnvironmentInvocationCatcher : public Environment {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    g_events->push_back("Environment::SetUp");
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    g_events->push_back("Environment::TearDown");
+  }
+};
+
+class ListenerTest : public Test {
+ protected:
+  static void SetUpTestCase() {
+    g_events->push_back("ListenerTest::SetUpTestCase");
+  }
+
+  static void TearDownTestCase() {
+    g_events->push_back("ListenerTest::TearDownTestCase");
+  }
+
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    g_events->push_back("ListenerTest::SetUp");
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    g_events->push_back("ListenerTest::TearDown");
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(ListenerTest, DoesFoo) {
+  // Test execution order within a test case is not guaranteed so we are not
+  // recording the test name.
+  g_events->push_back("ListenerTest::* Test Body");
+  SUCCEED();  // Triggers OnTestPartResult.
+}
+
+TEST_F(ListenerTest, DoesBar) {
+  g_events->push_back("ListenerTest::* Test Body");
+  SUCCEED();  // Triggers OnTestPartResult.
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+}  // namespace testing
+
+using ::testing::internal::EnvironmentInvocationCatcher;
+using ::testing::internal::EventRecordingListener;
+
+void VerifyResults(const std::vector<std::string>& data,
+                   const char* const* expected_data,
+                   size_t expected_data_size) {
+  const size_t actual_size = data.size();
+  // If the following assertion fails, a new entry will be appended to
+  // data.  Hence we save data.size() first.
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_data_size, actual_size);
+
+  // Compares the common prefix.
+  const size_t shorter_size = expected_data_size <= actual_size ?
+      expected_data_size : actual_size;
+  size_t i = 0;
+  for (; i < shorter_size; ++i) {
+    ASSERT_STREQ(expected_data[i], data[i].c_str())
+        << "at position " << i;
+  }
+
+  // Prints extra elements in the actual data.
+  for (; i < actual_size; ++i) {
+    printf("  Actual event #%lu: %s\n",
+        static_cast<unsigned long>(i), data[i].c_str());
+  }
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  std::vector<std::string> events;
+  g_events = &events;
+  InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+  UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners().Append(
+      new EventRecordingListener("1st"));
+  UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners().Append(
+      new EventRecordingListener("2nd"));
+
+  AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new EnvironmentInvocationCatcher);
+
+  GTEST_CHECK_(events.size() == 0)
+      << "AddGlobalTestEnvironment should not generate any events itself.";
+
+  ::testing::GTEST_FLAG(repeat) = 2;
+  int ret_val = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+
+  const char* const expected_events[] = {
+    "1st.OnTestProgramStart",
+    "2nd.OnTestProgramStart",
+    "1st.OnTestIterationStart(0)",
+    "2nd.OnTestIterationStart(0)",
+    "1st.OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart",
+    "2nd.OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart",
+    "Environment::SetUp",
+    "2nd.OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd",
+    "1st.OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd",
+    "1st.OnTestCaseStart",
+    "2nd.OnTestCaseStart",
+    "ListenerTest::SetUpTestCase",
+    "1st.OnTestStart",
+    "2nd.OnTestStart",
+    "ListenerTest::SetUp",
+    "ListenerTest::* Test Body",
+    "1st.OnTestPartResult",
+    "2nd.OnTestPartResult",
+    "ListenerTest::TearDown",
+    "2nd.OnTestEnd",
+    "1st.OnTestEnd",
+    "1st.OnTestStart",
+    "2nd.OnTestStart",
+    "ListenerTest::SetUp",
+    "ListenerTest::* Test Body",
+    "1st.OnTestPartResult",
+    "2nd.OnTestPartResult",
+    "ListenerTest::TearDown",
+    "2nd.OnTestEnd",
+    "1st.OnTestEnd",
+    "ListenerTest::TearDownTestCase",
+    "2nd.OnTestCaseEnd",
+    "1st.OnTestCaseEnd",
+    "1st.OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart",
+    "2nd.OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart",
+    "Environment::TearDown",
+    "2nd.OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd",
+    "1st.OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd",
+    "2nd.OnTestIterationEnd(0)",
+    "1st.OnTestIterationEnd(0)",
+    "1st.OnTestIterationStart(1)",
+    "2nd.OnTestIterationStart(1)",
+    "1st.OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart",
+    "2nd.OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart",
+    "Environment::SetUp",
+    "2nd.OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd",
+    "1st.OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd",
+    "1st.OnTestCaseStart",
+    "2nd.OnTestCaseStart",
+    "ListenerTest::SetUpTestCase",
+    "1st.OnTestStart",
+    "2nd.OnTestStart",
+    "ListenerTest::SetUp",
+    "ListenerTest::* Test Body",
+    "1st.OnTestPartResult",
+    "2nd.OnTestPartResult",
+    "ListenerTest::TearDown",
+    "2nd.OnTestEnd",
+    "1st.OnTestEnd",
+    "1st.OnTestStart",
+    "2nd.OnTestStart",
+    "ListenerTest::SetUp",
+    "ListenerTest::* Test Body",
+    "1st.OnTestPartResult",
+    "2nd.OnTestPartResult",
+    "ListenerTest::TearDown",
+    "2nd.OnTestEnd",
+    "1st.OnTestEnd",
+    "ListenerTest::TearDownTestCase",
+    "2nd.OnTestCaseEnd",
+    "1st.OnTestCaseEnd",
+    "1st.OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart",
+    "2nd.OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart",
+    "Environment::TearDown",
+    "2nd.OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd",
+    "1st.OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd",
+    "2nd.OnTestIterationEnd(1)",
+    "1st.OnTestIterationEnd(1)",
+    "2nd.OnTestProgramEnd",
+    "1st.OnTestProgramEnd"
+  };
+  VerifyResults(events,
+                expected_events,
+                sizeof(expected_events)/sizeof(expected_events[0]));
+
+  // We need to check manually for ad hoc test failures that happen after
+  // RUN_ALL_TESTS finishes.
+  if (UnitTest::GetInstance()->Failed())
+    ret_val = 1;
+
+  return ret_val;
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-message_test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-message_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..175238ef4e64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-message_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+//
+// Tests for the Message class.
+
+#include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace {
+
+using ::testing::Message;
+
+// Tests the testing::Message class
+
+// Tests the default constructor.
+TEST(MessageTest, DefaultConstructor) {
+  const Message msg;
+  EXPECT_EQ("", msg.GetString());
+}
+
+// Tests the copy constructor.
+TEST(MessageTest, CopyConstructor) {
+  const Message msg1("Hello");
+  const Message msg2(msg1);
+  EXPECT_EQ("Hello", msg2.GetString());
+}
+
+// Tests constructing a Message from a C-string.
+TEST(MessageTest, ConstructsFromCString) {
+  Message msg("Hello");
+  EXPECT_EQ("Hello", msg.GetString());
+}
+
+// Tests streaming a float.
+TEST(MessageTest, StreamsFloat) {
+  const std::string s = (Message() << 1.23456F << " " << 2.34567F).GetString();
+  // Both numbers should be printed with enough precision.
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::IsSubstring, "1.234560", s.c_str());
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::IsSubstring, " 2.345669", s.c_str());
+}
+
+// Tests streaming a double.
+TEST(MessageTest, StreamsDouble) {
+  const std::string s = (Message() << 1260570880.4555497 << " "
+                                  << 1260572265.1954534).GetString();
+  // Both numbers should be printed with enough precision.
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::IsSubstring, "1260570880.45", s.c_str());
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::IsSubstring, " 1260572265.19", s.c_str());
+}
+
+// Tests streaming a non-char pointer.
+TEST(MessageTest, StreamsPointer) {
+  int n = 0;
+  int* p = &n;
+  EXPECT_NE("(null)", (Message() << p).GetString());
+}
+
+// Tests streaming a NULL non-char pointer.
+TEST(MessageTest, StreamsNullPointer) {
+  int* p = NULL;
+  EXPECT_EQ("(null)", (Message() << p).GetString());
+}
+
+// Tests streaming a C string.
+TEST(MessageTest, StreamsCString) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("Foo", (Message() << "Foo").GetString());
+}
+
+// Tests streaming a NULL C string.
+TEST(MessageTest, StreamsNullCString) {
+  char* p = NULL;
+  EXPECT_EQ("(null)", (Message() << p).GetString());
+}
+
+// Tests streaming std::string.
+TEST(MessageTest, StreamsString) {
+  const ::std::string str("Hello");
+  EXPECT_EQ("Hello", (Message() << str).GetString());
+}
+
+// Tests that we can output strings containing embedded NULs.
+TEST(MessageTest, StreamsStringWithEmbeddedNUL) {
+  const char char_array_with_nul[] =
+      "Here's a NUL\0 and some more string";
+  const ::std::string string_with_nul(char_array_with_nul,
+                                      sizeof(char_array_with_nul) - 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ("Here's a NUL\\0 and some more string",
+            (Message() << string_with_nul).GetString());
+}
+
+// Tests streaming a NUL char.
+TEST(MessageTest, StreamsNULChar) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("\\0", (Message() << '\0').GetString());
+}
+
+// Tests streaming int.
+TEST(MessageTest, StreamsInt) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("123", (Message() << 123).GetString());
+}
+
+// Tests that basic IO manipulators (endl, ends, and flush) can be
+// streamed to Message.
+TEST(MessageTest, StreamsBasicIoManip) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("Line 1.\nA NUL char \\0 in line 2.",
+               (Message() << "Line 1." << std::endl
+                         << "A NUL char " << std::ends << std::flush
+                         << " in line 2.").GetString());
+}
+
+// Tests Message::GetString()
+TEST(MessageTest, GetString) {
+  Message msg;
+  msg << 1 << " lamb";
+  EXPECT_EQ("1 lamb", msg.GetString());
+}
+
+// Tests streaming a Message object to an ostream.
+TEST(MessageTest, StreamsToOStream) {
+  Message msg("Hello");
+  ::std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << msg;
+  EXPECT_EQ("Hello", testing::internal::StringStreamToString(&ss));
+}
+
+// Tests that a Message object doesn't take up too much stack space.
+TEST(MessageTest, DoesNotTakeUpMuchStackSpace) {
+  EXPECT_LE(sizeof(Message), 16U);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-options_test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-options_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5586dc3b1b25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-options_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Authors: keith.ray@gmail.com (Keith Ray)
+//
+// Google Test UnitTestOptions tests
+//
+// This file tests classes and functions used internally by
+// Google Test.  They are subject to change without notice.
+//
+// This file is #included from gtest.cc, to avoid changing build or
+// make-files on Windows and other platforms. Do not #include this file
+// anywhere else!
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+# include <windows.h>
+#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# include <direct.h>
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
+// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
+// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
+// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
+// his code.
+#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
+#include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
+#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
+
+namespace testing {
+namespace internal {
+namespace {
+
+// Turns the given relative path into an absolute path.
+FilePath GetAbsolutePathOf(const FilePath& relative_path) {
+  return FilePath::ConcatPaths(FilePath::GetCurrentDir(), relative_path);
+}
+
+// Testing UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat/GetOutputFile.
+
+TEST(XmlOutputTest, GetOutputFormatDefault) {
+  GTEST_FLAG(output) = "";
+  EXPECT_STREQ("", UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat().c_str());
+}
+
+TEST(XmlOutputTest, GetOutputFormat) {
+  GTEST_FLAG(output) = "xml:filename";
+  EXPECT_STREQ("xml", UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat().c_str());
+}
+
+TEST(XmlOutputTest, GetOutputFileDefault) {
+  GTEST_FLAG(output) = "";
+  EXPECT_EQ(GetAbsolutePathOf(FilePath("test_detail.xml")).string(),
+            UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile());
+}
+
+TEST(XmlOutputTest, GetOutputFileSingleFile) {
+  GTEST_FLAG(output) = "xml:filename.abc";
+  EXPECT_EQ(GetAbsolutePathOf(FilePath("filename.abc")).string(),
+            UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile());
+}
+
+TEST(XmlOutputTest, GetOutputFileFromDirectoryPath) {
+  GTEST_FLAG(output) = "xml:path" GTEST_PATH_SEP_;
+  const std::string expected_output_file =
+      GetAbsolutePathOf(
+          FilePath(std::string("path") + GTEST_PATH_SEP_ +
+                   GetCurrentExecutableName().string() + ".xml")).string();
+  const std::string& output_file =
+      UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile();
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(expected_output_file.c_str(), output_file.c_str());
+#else
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_output_file, output_file.c_str());
+#endif
+}
+
+TEST(OutputFileHelpersTest, GetCurrentExecutableName) {
+  const std::string exe_str = GetCurrentExecutableName().string();
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  const bool success =
+      _strcmpi("gtest-options_test", exe_str.c_str()) == 0 ||
+      _strcmpi("gtest-options-ex_test", exe_str.c_str()) == 0 ||
+      _strcmpi("gtest_all_test", exe_str.c_str()) == 0 ||
+      _strcmpi("gtest_dll_test", exe_str.c_str()) == 0;
+#else
+  // TODO(wan@google.com): remove the hard-coded "lt-" prefix when
+  //   Chandler Carruth's libtool replacement is ready.
+  const bool success =
+      exe_str == "gtest-options_test" ||
+      exe_str == "gtest_all_test" ||
+      exe_str == "lt-gtest_all_test" ||
+      exe_str == "gtest_dll_test";
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  if (!success)
+    FAIL() << "GetCurrentExecutableName() returns " << exe_str;
+}
+
+class XmlOutputChangeDirTest : public Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    original_working_dir_ = FilePath::GetCurrentDir();
+    posix::ChDir("..");
+    // This will make the test fail if run from the root directory.
+    EXPECT_NE(original_working_dir_.string(),
+              FilePath::GetCurrentDir().string());
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    posix::ChDir(original_working_dir_.string().c_str());
+  }
+
+  FilePath original_working_dir_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(XmlOutputChangeDirTest, PreserveOriginalWorkingDirWithDefault) {
+  GTEST_FLAG(output) = "";
+  EXPECT_EQ(FilePath::ConcatPaths(original_working_dir_,
+                                  FilePath("test_detail.xml")).string(),
+            UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile());
+}
+
+TEST_F(XmlOutputChangeDirTest, PreserveOriginalWorkingDirWithDefaultXML) {
+  GTEST_FLAG(output) = "xml";
+  EXPECT_EQ(FilePath::ConcatPaths(original_working_dir_,
+                                  FilePath("test_detail.xml")).string(),
+            UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile());
+}
+
+TEST_F(XmlOutputChangeDirTest, PreserveOriginalWorkingDirWithRelativeFile) {
+  GTEST_FLAG(output) = "xml:filename.abc";
+  EXPECT_EQ(FilePath::ConcatPaths(original_working_dir_,
+                                  FilePath("filename.abc")).string(),
+            UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile());
+}
+
+TEST_F(XmlOutputChangeDirTest, PreserveOriginalWorkingDirWithRelativePath) {
+  GTEST_FLAG(output) = "xml:path" GTEST_PATH_SEP_;
+  const std::string expected_output_file =
+      FilePath::ConcatPaths(
+          original_working_dir_,
+          FilePath(std::string("path") + GTEST_PATH_SEP_ +
+                   GetCurrentExecutableName().string() + ".xml")).string();
+  const std::string& output_file =
+      UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile();
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(expected_output_file.c_str(), output_file.c_str());
+#else
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_output_file, output_file.c_str());
+#endif
+}
+
+TEST_F(XmlOutputChangeDirTest, PreserveOriginalWorkingDirWithAbsoluteFile) {
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  GTEST_FLAG(output) = "xml:c:\\tmp\\filename.abc";
+  EXPECT_EQ(FilePath("c:\\tmp\\filename.abc").string(),
+            UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile());
+#else
+  GTEST_FLAG(output) ="xml:/tmp/filename.abc";
+  EXPECT_EQ(FilePath("/tmp/filename.abc").string(),
+            UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile());
+#endif
+}
+
+TEST_F(XmlOutputChangeDirTest, PreserveOriginalWorkingDirWithAbsolutePath) {
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  const std::string path = "c:\\tmp\\";
+#else
+  const std::string path = "/tmp/";
+#endif
+
+  GTEST_FLAG(output) = "xml:" + path;
+  const std::string expected_output_file =
+      path + GetCurrentExecutableName().string() + ".xml";
+  const std::string& output_file =
+      UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile();
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(expected_output_file.c_str(), output_file.c_str());
+#else
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_output_file, output_file.c_str());
+#endif
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace testing
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-param-test2_test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-param-test2_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4a782fe70837
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-param-test2_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
+//
+// Tests for Google Test itself.  This verifies that the basic constructs of
+// Google Test work.
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#include "test/gtest-param-test_test.h"
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+using ::testing::Values;
+using ::testing::internal::ParamGenerator;
+
+// Tests that generators defined in a different translation unit
+// are functional. The test using extern_gen is defined
+// in gtest-param-test_test.cc.
+ParamGenerator<int> extern_gen = Values(33);
+
+// Tests that a parameterized test case can be defined in one translation unit
+// and instantiated in another. The test is defined in gtest-param-test_test.cc
+// and ExternalInstantiationTest fixture class is defined in
+// gtest-param-test_test.h.
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(MultiplesOf33,
+                        ExternalInstantiationTest,
+                        Values(33, 66));
+
+// Tests that a parameterized test case can be instantiated
+// in multiple translation units. Another instantiation is defined
+// in gtest-param-test_test.cc and InstantiationInMultipleTranslaionUnitsTest
+// fixture is defined in gtest-param-test_test.h
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(Sequence2,
+                        InstantiationInMultipleTranslaionUnitsTest,
+                        Values(42*3, 42*4, 42*5));
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-param-test_test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-param-test_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8b278bb94b85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-param-test_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1055 @@
+// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
+//
+// Tests for Google Test itself. This file verifies that the parameter
+// generators objects produce correct parameter sequences and that
+// Google Test runtime instantiates correct tests from those sequences.
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+# include <algorithm>
+# include <iostream>
+# include <list>
+# include <sstream>
+# include <string>
+# include <vector>
+
+// To include gtest-internal-inl.h.
+# define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
+# include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"  // for UnitTestOptions
+# undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
+
+# include "test/gtest-param-test_test.h"
+
+using ::std::vector;
+using ::std::sort;
+
+using ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment;
+using ::testing::Bool;
+using ::testing::Message;
+using ::testing::Range;
+using ::testing::TestWithParam;
+using ::testing::Values;
+using ::testing::ValuesIn;
+
+# if GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
+using ::testing::Combine;
+using ::testing::get;
+using ::testing::make_tuple;
+using ::testing::tuple;
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
+
+using ::testing::internal::ParamGenerator;
+using ::testing::internal::UnitTestOptions;
+
+// Prints a value to a string.
+//
+// TODO(wan@google.com): remove PrintValue() when we move matchers and
+// EXPECT_THAT() from Google Mock to Google Test.  At that time, we
+// can write EXPECT_THAT(x, Eq(y)) to compare two tuples x and y, as
+// EXPECT_THAT() and the matchers know how to print tuples.
+template <typename T>
+::std::string PrintValue(const T& value) {
+  ::std::stringstream stream;
+  stream << value;
+  return stream.str();
+}
+
+# if GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
+
+// These overloads allow printing tuples in our tests.  We cannot
+// define an operator<< for tuples, as that definition needs to be in
+// the std namespace in order to be picked up by Google Test via
+// Argument-Dependent Lookup, yet defining anything in the std
+// namespace in non-STL code is undefined behavior.
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+::std::string PrintValue(const tuple<T1, T2>& value) {
+  ::std::stringstream stream;
+  stream << "(" << get<0>(value) << ", " << get<1>(value) << ")";
+  return stream.str();
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
+::std::string PrintValue(const tuple<T1, T2, T3>& value) {
+  ::std::stringstream stream;
+  stream << "(" << get<0>(value) << ", " << get<1>(value)
+         << ", "<< get<2>(value) << ")";
+  return stream.str();
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+          typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10>
+::std::string PrintValue(
+    const tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10>& value) {
+  ::std::stringstream stream;
+  stream << "(" << get<0>(value) << ", " << get<1>(value)
+         << ", "<< get<2>(value) << ", " << get<3>(value)
+         << ", "<< get<4>(value) << ", " << get<5>(value)
+         << ", "<< get<6>(value) << ", " << get<7>(value)
+         << ", "<< get<8>(value) << ", " << get<9>(value) << ")";
+  return stream.str();
+}
+
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
+
+// Verifies that a sequence generated by the generator and accessed
+// via the iterator object matches the expected one using Google Test
+// assertions.
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+void VerifyGenerator(const ParamGenerator<T>& generator,
+                     const T (&expected_values)[N]) {
+  typename ParamGenerator<T>::iterator it = generator.begin();
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
+    ASSERT_FALSE(it == generator.end())
+        << "At element " << i << " when accessing via an iterator "
+        << "created with the copy constructor.\n";
+    // We cannot use EXPECT_EQ() here as the values may be tuples,
+    // which don't support <<.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(expected_values[i] == *it)
+        << "where i is " << i
+        << ", expected_values[i] is " << PrintValue(expected_values[i])
+        << ", *it is " << PrintValue(*it)
+        << ", and 'it' is an iterator created with the copy constructor.\n";
+    it++;
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it == generator.end())
+        << "At the presumed end of sequence when accessing via an iterator "
+        << "created with the copy constructor.\n";
+
+  // Test the iterator assignment. The following lines verify that
+  // the sequence accessed via an iterator initialized via the
+  // assignment operator (as opposed to a copy constructor) matches
+  // just the same.
+  it = generator.begin();
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
+    ASSERT_FALSE(it == generator.end())
+        << "At element " << i << " when accessing via an iterator "
+        << "created with the assignment operator.\n";
+    EXPECT_TRUE(expected_values[i] == *it)
+        << "where i is " << i
+        << ", expected_values[i] is " << PrintValue(expected_values[i])
+        << ", *it is " << PrintValue(*it)
+        << ", and 'it' is an iterator created with the copy constructor.\n";
+    it++;
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it == generator.end())
+        << "At the presumed end of sequence when accessing via an iterator "
+        << "created with the assignment operator.\n";
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void VerifyGeneratorIsEmpty(const ParamGenerator<T>& generator) {
+  typename ParamGenerator<T>::iterator it = generator.begin();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it == generator.end());
+
+  it = generator.begin();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it == generator.end());
+}
+
+// Generator tests. They test that each of the provided generator functions
+// generates an expected sequence of values. The general test pattern
+// instantiates a generator using one of the generator functions,
+// checks the sequence produced by the generator using its iterator API,
+// and then resets the iterator back to the beginning of the sequence
+// and checks the sequence again.
+
+// Tests that iterators produced by generator functions conform to the
+// ForwardIterator concept.
+TEST(IteratorTest, ParamIteratorConformsToForwardIteratorConcept) {
+  const ParamGenerator<int> gen = Range(0, 10);
+  ParamGenerator<int>::iterator it = gen.begin();
+
+  // Verifies that iterator initialization works as expected.
+  ParamGenerator<int>::iterator it2 = it;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(*it == *it2) << "Initialized iterators must point to the "
+                           << "element same as its source points to";
+
+  // Verifies that iterator assignment works as expected.
+  it++;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(*it == *it2);
+  it2 = it;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(*it == *it2) << "Assigned iterators must point to the "
+                           << "element same as its source points to";
+
+  // Verifies that prefix operator++() returns *this.
+  EXPECT_EQ(&it, &(++it)) << "Result of the prefix operator++ must be "
+                          << "refer to the original object";
+
+  // Verifies that the result of the postfix operator++ points to the value
+  // pointed to by the original iterator.
+  int original_value = *it;  // Have to compute it outside of macro call to be
+                             // unaffected by the parameter evaluation order.
+  EXPECT_EQ(original_value, *(it++));
+
+  // Verifies that prefix and postfix operator++() advance an iterator
+  // all the same.
+  it2 = it;
+  it++;
+  ++it2;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(*it == *it2);
+}
+
+// Tests that Range() generates the expected sequence.
+TEST(RangeTest, IntRangeWithDefaultStep) {
+  const ParamGenerator<int> gen = Range(0, 3);
+  const int expected_values[] = {0, 1, 2};
+  VerifyGenerator(gen, expected_values);
+}
+
+// Edge case. Tests that Range() generates the single element sequence
+// as expected when provided with range limits that are equal.
+TEST(RangeTest, IntRangeSingleValue) {
+  const ParamGenerator<int> gen = Range(0, 1);
+  const int expected_values[] = {0};
+  VerifyGenerator(gen, expected_values);
+}
+
+// Edge case. Tests that Range() with generates empty sequence when
+// supplied with an empty range.
+TEST(RangeTest, IntRangeEmpty) {
+  const ParamGenerator<int> gen = Range(0, 0);
+  VerifyGeneratorIsEmpty(gen);
+}
+
+// Tests that Range() with custom step (greater then one) generates
+// the expected sequence.
+TEST(RangeTest, IntRangeWithCustomStep) {
+  const ParamGenerator<int> gen = Range(0, 9, 3);
+  const int expected_values[] = {0, 3, 6};
+  VerifyGenerator(gen, expected_values);
+}
+
+// Tests that Range() with custom step (greater then one) generates
+// the expected sequence when the last element does not fall on the
+// upper range limit. Sequences generated by Range() must not have
+// elements beyond the range limits.
+TEST(RangeTest, IntRangeWithCustomStepOverUpperBound) {
+  const ParamGenerator<int> gen = Range(0, 4, 3);
+  const int expected_values[] = {0, 3};
+  VerifyGenerator(gen, expected_values);
+}
+
+// Verifies that Range works with user-defined types that define
+// copy constructor, operator=(), operator+(), and operator<().
+class DogAdder {
+ public:
+  explicit DogAdder(const char* a_value) : value_(a_value) {}
+  DogAdder(const DogAdder& other) : value_(other.value_.c_str()) {}
+
+  DogAdder operator=(const DogAdder& other) {
+    if (this != &other)
+      value_ = other.value_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+  DogAdder operator+(const DogAdder& other) const {
+    Message msg;
+    msg << value_.c_str() << other.value_.c_str();
+    return DogAdder(msg.GetString().c_str());
+  }
+  bool operator<(const DogAdder& other) const {
+    return value_ < other.value_;
+  }
+  const std::string& value() const { return value_; }
+
+ private:
+  std::string value_;
+};
+
+TEST(RangeTest, WorksWithACustomType) {
+  const ParamGenerator<DogAdder> gen =
+      Range(DogAdder("cat"), DogAdder("catdogdog"), DogAdder("dog"));
+  ParamGenerator<DogAdder>::iterator it = gen.begin();
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(it == gen.end());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("cat", it->value().c_str());
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(++it == gen.end());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("catdog", it->value().c_str());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(++it == gen.end());
+}
+
+class IntWrapper {
+ public:
+  explicit IntWrapper(int a_value) : value_(a_value) {}
+  IntWrapper(const IntWrapper& other) : value_(other.value_) {}
+
+  IntWrapper operator=(const IntWrapper& other) {
+    value_ = other.value_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+  // operator+() adds a different type.
+  IntWrapper operator+(int other) const { return IntWrapper(value_ + other); }
+  bool operator<(const IntWrapper& other) const {
+    return value_ < other.value_;
+  }
+  int value() const { return value_; }
+
+ private:
+  int value_;
+};
+
+TEST(RangeTest, WorksWithACustomTypeWithDifferentIncrementType) {
+  const ParamGenerator<IntWrapper> gen = Range(IntWrapper(0), IntWrapper(2));
+  ParamGenerator<IntWrapper>::iterator it = gen.begin();
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(it == gen.end());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, it->value());
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(++it == gen.end());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, it->value());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(++it == gen.end());
+}
+
+// Tests that ValuesIn() with an array parameter generates
+// the expected sequence.
+TEST(ValuesInTest, ValuesInArray) {
+  int array[] = {3, 5, 8};
+  const ParamGenerator<int> gen = ValuesIn(array);
+  VerifyGenerator(gen, array);
+}
+
+// Tests that ValuesIn() with a const array parameter generates
+// the expected sequence.
+TEST(ValuesInTest, ValuesInConstArray) {
+  const int array[] = {3, 5, 8};
+  const ParamGenerator<int> gen = ValuesIn(array);
+  VerifyGenerator(gen, array);
+}
+
+// Edge case. Tests that ValuesIn() with an array parameter containing a
+// single element generates the single element sequence.
+TEST(ValuesInTest, ValuesInSingleElementArray) {
+  int array[] = {42};
+  const ParamGenerator<int> gen = ValuesIn(array);
+  VerifyGenerator(gen, array);
+}
+
+// Tests that ValuesIn() generates the expected sequence for an STL
+// container (vector).
+TEST(ValuesInTest, ValuesInVector) {
+  typedef ::std::vector<int> ContainerType;
+  ContainerType values;
+  values.push_back(3);
+  values.push_back(5);
+  values.push_back(8);
+  const ParamGenerator<int> gen = ValuesIn(values);
+
+  const int expected_values[] = {3, 5, 8};
+  VerifyGenerator(gen, expected_values);
+}
+
+// Tests that ValuesIn() generates the expected sequence.
+TEST(ValuesInTest, ValuesInIteratorRange) {
+  typedef ::std::vector<int> ContainerType;
+  ContainerType values;
+  values.push_back(3);
+  values.push_back(5);
+  values.push_back(8);
+  const ParamGenerator<int> gen = ValuesIn(values.begin(), values.end());
+
+  const int expected_values[] = {3, 5, 8};
+  VerifyGenerator(gen, expected_values);
+}
+
+// Edge case. Tests that ValuesIn() provided with an iterator range specifying a
+// single value generates a single-element sequence.
+TEST(ValuesInTest, ValuesInSingleElementIteratorRange) {
+  typedef ::std::vector<int> ContainerType;
+  ContainerType values;
+  values.push_back(42);
+  const ParamGenerator<int> gen = ValuesIn(values.begin(), values.end());
+
+  const int expected_values[] = {42};
+  VerifyGenerator(gen, expected_values);
+}
+
+// Edge case. Tests that ValuesIn() provided with an empty iterator range
+// generates an empty sequence.
+TEST(ValuesInTest, ValuesInEmptyIteratorRange) {
+  typedef ::std::vector<int> ContainerType;
+  ContainerType values;
+  const ParamGenerator<int> gen = ValuesIn(values.begin(), values.end());
+
+  VerifyGeneratorIsEmpty(gen);
+}
+
+// Tests that the Values() generates the expected sequence.
+TEST(ValuesTest, ValuesWorks) {
+  const ParamGenerator<int> gen = Values(3, 5, 8);
+
+  const int expected_values[] = {3, 5, 8};
+  VerifyGenerator(gen, expected_values);
+}
+
+// Tests that Values() generates the expected sequences from elements of
+// different types convertible to ParamGenerator's parameter type.
+TEST(ValuesTest, ValuesWorksForValuesOfCompatibleTypes) {
+  const ParamGenerator<double> gen = Values(3, 5.0f, 8.0);
+
+  const double expected_values[] = {3.0, 5.0, 8.0};
+  VerifyGenerator(gen, expected_values);
+}
+
+TEST(ValuesTest, ValuesWorksForMaxLengthList) {
+  const ParamGenerator<int> gen = Values(
+      10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100,
+      110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200,
+      210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300,
+      310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400,
+      410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490, 500);
+
+  const int expected_values[] = {
+      10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100,
+      110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200,
+      210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300,
+      310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400,
+      410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490, 500};
+  VerifyGenerator(gen, expected_values);
+}
+
+// Edge case test. Tests that single-parameter Values() generates the sequence
+// with the single value.
+TEST(ValuesTest, ValuesWithSingleParameter) {
+  const ParamGenerator<int> gen = Values(42);
+
+  const int expected_values[] = {42};
+  VerifyGenerator(gen, expected_values);
+}
+
+// Tests that Bool() generates sequence (false, true).
+TEST(BoolTest, BoolWorks) {
+  const ParamGenerator<bool> gen = Bool();
+
+  const bool expected_values[] = {false, true};
+  VerifyGenerator(gen, expected_values);
+}
+
+# if GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
+
+// Tests that Combine() with two parameters generates the expected sequence.
+TEST(CombineTest, CombineWithTwoParameters) {
+  const char* foo = "foo";
+  const char* bar = "bar";
+  const ParamGenerator<tuple<const char*, int> > gen =
+      Combine(Values(foo, bar), Values(3, 4));
+
+  tuple<const char*, int> expected_values[] = {
+    make_tuple(foo, 3), make_tuple(foo, 4),
+    make_tuple(bar, 3), make_tuple(bar, 4)};
+  VerifyGenerator(gen, expected_values);
+}
+
+// Tests that Combine() with three parameters generates the expected sequence.
+TEST(CombineTest, CombineWithThreeParameters) {
+  const ParamGenerator<tuple<int, int, int> > gen = Combine(Values(0, 1),
+                                                            Values(3, 4),
+                                                            Values(5, 6));
+  tuple<int, int, int> expected_values[] = {
+    make_tuple(0, 3, 5), make_tuple(0, 3, 6),
+    make_tuple(0, 4, 5), make_tuple(0, 4, 6),
+    make_tuple(1, 3, 5), make_tuple(1, 3, 6),
+    make_tuple(1, 4, 5), make_tuple(1, 4, 6)};
+  VerifyGenerator(gen, expected_values);
+}
+
+// Tests that the Combine() with the first parameter generating a single value
+// sequence generates a sequence with the number of elements equal to the
+// number of elements in the sequence generated by the second parameter.
+TEST(CombineTest, CombineWithFirstParameterSingleValue) {
+  const ParamGenerator<tuple<int, int> > gen = Combine(Values(42),
+                                                       Values(0, 1));
+
+  tuple<int, int> expected_values[] = {make_tuple(42, 0), make_tuple(42, 1)};
+  VerifyGenerator(gen, expected_values);
+}
+
+// Tests that the Combine() with the second parameter generating a single value
+// sequence generates a sequence with the number of elements equal to the
+// number of elements in the sequence generated by the first parameter.
+TEST(CombineTest, CombineWithSecondParameterSingleValue) {
+  const ParamGenerator<tuple<int, int> > gen = Combine(Values(0, 1),
+                                                       Values(42));
+
+  tuple<int, int> expected_values[] = {make_tuple(0, 42), make_tuple(1, 42)};
+  VerifyGenerator(gen, expected_values);
+}
+
+// Tests that when the first parameter produces an empty sequence,
+// Combine() produces an empty sequence, too.
+TEST(CombineTest, CombineWithFirstParameterEmptyRange) {
+  const ParamGenerator<tuple<int, int> > gen = Combine(Range(0, 0),
+                                                       Values(0, 1));
+  VerifyGeneratorIsEmpty(gen);
+}
+
+// Tests that when the second parameter produces an empty sequence,
+// Combine() produces an empty sequence, too.
+TEST(CombineTest, CombineWithSecondParameterEmptyRange) {
+  const ParamGenerator<tuple<int, int> > gen = Combine(Values(0, 1),
+                                                       Range(1, 1));
+  VerifyGeneratorIsEmpty(gen);
+}
+
+// Edge case. Tests that combine works with the maximum number
+// of parameters supported by Google Test (currently 10).
+TEST(CombineTest, CombineWithMaxNumberOfParameters) {
+  const char* foo = "foo";
+  const char* bar = "bar";
+  const ParamGenerator<tuple<const char*, int, int, int, int, int, int, int,
+                             int, int> > gen = Combine(Values(foo, bar),
+                                                       Values(1), Values(2),
+                                                       Values(3), Values(4),
+                                                       Values(5), Values(6),
+                                                       Values(7), Values(8),
+                                                       Values(9));
+
+  tuple<const char*, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int>
+      expected_values[] = {make_tuple(foo, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9),
+                           make_tuple(bar, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)};
+  VerifyGenerator(gen, expected_values);
+}
+
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
+
+// Tests that an generator produces correct sequence after being
+// assigned from another generator.
+TEST(ParamGeneratorTest, AssignmentWorks) {
+  ParamGenerator<int> gen = Values(1, 2);
+  const ParamGenerator<int> gen2 = Values(3, 4);
+  gen = gen2;
+
+  const int expected_values[] = {3, 4};
+  VerifyGenerator(gen, expected_values);
+}
+
+// This test verifies that the tests are expanded and run as specified:
+// one test per element from the sequence produced by the generator
+// specified in INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P. It also verifies that the test's
+// fixture constructor, SetUp(), and TearDown() have run and have been
+// supplied with the correct parameters.
+
+// The use of environment object allows detection of the case where no test
+// case functionality is run at all. In this case TestCaseTearDown will not
+// be able to detect missing tests, naturally.
+template <int kExpectedCalls>
+class TestGenerationEnvironment : public ::testing::Environment {
+ public:
+  static TestGenerationEnvironment* Instance() {
+    static TestGenerationEnvironment* instance = new TestGenerationEnvironment;
+    return instance;
+  }
+
+  void FixtureConstructorExecuted() { fixture_constructor_count_++; }
+  void SetUpExecuted() { set_up_count_++; }
+  void TearDownExecuted() { tear_down_count_++; }
+  void TestBodyExecuted() { test_body_count_++; }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    // If all MultipleTestGenerationTest tests have been de-selected
+    // by the filter flag, the following checks make no sense.
+    bool perform_check = false;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < kExpectedCalls; ++i) {
+      Message msg;
+      msg << "TestsExpandedAndRun/" << i;
+      if (UnitTestOptions::FilterMatchesTest(
+             "TestExpansionModule/MultipleTestGenerationTest",
+              msg.GetString().c_str())) {
+        perform_check = true;
+      }
+    }
+    if (perform_check) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(kExpectedCalls, fixture_constructor_count_)
+          << "Fixture constructor of ParamTestGenerationTest test case "
+          << "has not been run as expected.";
+      EXPECT_EQ(kExpectedCalls, set_up_count_)
+          << "Fixture SetUp method of ParamTestGenerationTest test case "
+          << "has not been run as expected.";
+      EXPECT_EQ(kExpectedCalls, tear_down_count_)
+          << "Fixture TearDown method of ParamTestGenerationTest test case "
+          << "has not been run as expected.";
+      EXPECT_EQ(kExpectedCalls, test_body_count_)
+          << "Test in ParamTestGenerationTest test case "
+          << "has not been run as expected.";
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  TestGenerationEnvironment() : fixture_constructor_count_(0), set_up_count_(0),
+                                tear_down_count_(0), test_body_count_(0) {}
+
+  int fixture_constructor_count_;
+  int set_up_count_;
+  int tear_down_count_;
+  int test_body_count_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestGenerationEnvironment);
+};
+
+const int test_generation_params[] = {36, 42, 72};
+
+class TestGenerationTest : public TestWithParam<int> {
+ public:
+  enum {
+    PARAMETER_COUNT =
+        sizeof(test_generation_params)/sizeof(test_generation_params[0])
+  };
+
+  typedef TestGenerationEnvironment<PARAMETER_COUNT> Environment;
+
+  TestGenerationTest() {
+    Environment::Instance()->FixtureConstructorExecuted();
+    current_parameter_ = GetParam();
+  }
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    Environment::Instance()->SetUpExecuted();
+    EXPECT_EQ(current_parameter_, GetParam());
+  }
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    Environment::Instance()->TearDownExecuted();
+    EXPECT_EQ(current_parameter_, GetParam());
+  }
+
+  static void SetUpTestCase() {
+    bool all_tests_in_test_case_selected = true;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < PARAMETER_COUNT; ++i) {
+      Message test_name;
+      test_name << "TestsExpandedAndRun/" << i;
+      if ( !UnitTestOptions::FilterMatchesTest(
+                "TestExpansionModule/MultipleTestGenerationTest",
+                test_name.GetString())) {
+        all_tests_in_test_case_selected = false;
+      }
+    }
+    EXPECT_TRUE(all_tests_in_test_case_selected)
+        << "When running the TestGenerationTest test case all of its tests\n"
+        << "must be selected by the filter flag for the test case to pass.\n"
+        << "If not all of them are enabled, we can't reliably conclude\n"
+        << "that the correct number of tests have been generated.";
+
+    collected_parameters_.clear();
+  }
+
+  static void TearDownTestCase() {
+    vector<int> expected_values(test_generation_params,
+                                test_generation_params + PARAMETER_COUNT);
+    // Test execution order is not guaranteed by Google Test,
+    // so the order of values in collected_parameters_ can be
+    // different and we have to sort to compare.
+    sort(expected_values.begin(), expected_values.end());
+    sort(collected_parameters_.begin(), collected_parameters_.end());
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(collected_parameters_ == expected_values);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  int current_parameter_;
+  static vector<int> collected_parameters_;
+
+ private:
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestGenerationTest);
+};
+vector<int> TestGenerationTest::collected_parameters_;
+
+TEST_P(TestGenerationTest, TestsExpandedAndRun) {
+  Environment::Instance()->TestBodyExecuted();
+  EXPECT_EQ(current_parameter_, GetParam());
+  collected_parameters_.push_back(GetParam());
+}
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(TestExpansionModule, TestGenerationTest,
+                        ValuesIn(test_generation_params));
+
+// This test verifies that the element sequence (third parameter of
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P) is evaluated in InitGoogleTest() and neither at
+// the call site of INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P nor in RUN_ALL_TESTS().  For
+// that, we declare param_value_ to be a static member of
+// GeneratorEvaluationTest and initialize it to 0.  We set it to 1 in
+// main(), just before invocation of InitGoogleTest().  After calling
+// InitGoogleTest(), we set the value to 2.  If the sequence is evaluated
+// before or after InitGoogleTest, INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P will create a
+// test with parameter other than 1, and the test body will fail the
+// assertion.
+class GeneratorEvaluationTest : public TestWithParam<int> {
+ public:
+  static int param_value() { return param_value_; }
+  static void set_param_value(int param_value) { param_value_ = param_value; }
+
+ private:
+  static int param_value_;
+};
+int GeneratorEvaluationTest::param_value_ = 0;
+
+TEST_P(GeneratorEvaluationTest, GeneratorsEvaluatedInMain) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, GetParam());
+}
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(GenEvalModule,
+                        GeneratorEvaluationTest,
+                        Values(GeneratorEvaluationTest::param_value()));
+
+// Tests that generators defined in a different translation unit are
+// functional. Generator extern_gen is defined in gtest-param-test_test2.cc.
+extern ParamGenerator<int> extern_gen;
+class ExternalGeneratorTest : public TestWithParam<int> {};
+TEST_P(ExternalGeneratorTest, ExternalGenerator) {
+  // Sequence produced by extern_gen contains only a single value
+  // which we verify here.
+  EXPECT_EQ(GetParam(), 33);
+}
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(ExternalGeneratorModule,
+                        ExternalGeneratorTest,
+                        extern_gen);
+
+// Tests that a parameterized test case can be defined in one translation
+// unit and instantiated in another. This test will be instantiated in
+// gtest-param-test_test2.cc. ExternalInstantiationTest fixture class is
+// defined in gtest-param-test_test.h.
+TEST_P(ExternalInstantiationTest, IsMultipleOf33) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, GetParam() % 33);
+}
+
+// Tests that a parameterized test case can be instantiated with multiple
+// generators.
+class MultipleInstantiationTest : public TestWithParam<int> {};
+TEST_P(MultipleInstantiationTest, AllowsMultipleInstances) {
+}
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(Sequence1, MultipleInstantiationTest, Values(1, 2));
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(Sequence2, MultipleInstantiationTest, Range(3, 5));
+
+// Tests that a parameterized test case can be instantiated
+// in multiple translation units. This test will be instantiated
+// here and in gtest-param-test_test2.cc.
+// InstantiationInMultipleTranslationUnitsTest fixture class
+// is defined in gtest-param-test_test.h.
+TEST_P(InstantiationInMultipleTranslaionUnitsTest, IsMultipleOf42) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, GetParam() % 42);
+}
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(Sequence1,
+                        InstantiationInMultipleTranslaionUnitsTest,
+                        Values(42, 42*2));
+
+// Tests that each iteration of parameterized test runs in a separate test
+// object.
+class SeparateInstanceTest : public TestWithParam<int> {
+ public:
+  SeparateInstanceTest() : count_(0) {}
+
+  static void TearDownTestCase() {
+    EXPECT_GE(global_count_, 2)
+        << "If some (but not all) SeparateInstanceTest tests have been "
+        << "filtered out this test will fail. Make sure that all "
+        << "GeneratorEvaluationTest are selected or de-selected together "
+        << "by the test filter.";
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  int count_;
+  static int global_count_;
+};
+int SeparateInstanceTest::global_count_ = 0;
+
+TEST_P(SeparateInstanceTest, TestsRunInSeparateInstances) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, count_++);
+  global_count_++;
+}
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(FourElemSequence, SeparateInstanceTest, Range(1, 4));
+
+// Tests that all instantiations of a test have named appropriately. Test
+// defined with TEST_P(TestCaseName, TestName) and instantiated with
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(SequenceName, TestCaseName, generator) must be named
+// SequenceName/TestCaseName.TestName/i, where i is the 0-based index of the
+// sequence element used to instantiate the test.
+class NamingTest : public TestWithParam<int> {};
+
+TEST_P(NamingTest, TestsReportCorrectNamesAndParameters) {
+  const ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info =
+     ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ("ZeroToFiveSequence/NamingTest", test_info->test_case_name());
+
+  Message index_stream;
+  index_stream << "TestsReportCorrectNamesAndParameters/" << GetParam();
+  EXPECT_STREQ(index_stream.GetString().c_str(), test_info->name());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(::testing::PrintToString(GetParam()), test_info->value_param());
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(ZeroToFiveSequence, NamingTest, Range(0, 5));
+
+// Tests that user supplied custom parameter names are working correctly.
+// Runs the test with a builtin helper method which uses PrintToString,
+// as well as a custom function and custom functor to ensure all possible
+// uses work correctly.
+class CustomFunctorNamingTest : public TestWithParam<std::string> {};
+TEST_P(CustomFunctorNamingTest, CustomTestNames) {}
+
+struct CustomParamNameFunctor {
+  std::string operator()(const ::testing::TestParamInfo<std::string>& info) {
+    return info.param;
+  }
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(CustomParamNameFunctor,
+                        CustomFunctorNamingTest,
+                        Values(std::string("FunctorName")),
+                        CustomParamNameFunctor());
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(AllAllowedCharacters,
+                        CustomFunctorNamingTest,
+                        Values("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz",
+                               "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ",
+                               "01234567890_"),
+                        CustomParamNameFunctor());
+
+inline std::string CustomParamNameFunction(
+    const ::testing::TestParamInfo<std::string>& info) {
+  return info.param;
+}
+
+class CustomFunctionNamingTest : public TestWithParam<std::string> {};
+TEST_P(CustomFunctionNamingTest, CustomTestNames) {}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(CustomParamNameFunction,
+                        CustomFunctionNamingTest,
+                        Values(std::string("FunctionName")),
+                        CustomParamNameFunction);
+
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+
+// Test custom naming with a lambda
+
+class CustomLambdaNamingTest : public TestWithParam<std::string> {};
+TEST_P(CustomLambdaNamingTest, CustomTestNames) {}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(CustomParamNameLambda,
+                        CustomLambdaNamingTest,
+                        Values(std::string("LambdaName")),
+                        [](const ::testing::TestParamInfo<std::string>& info) {
+                          return info.param;
+                        });
+
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+
+TEST(CustomNamingTest, CheckNameRegistry) {
+  ::testing::UnitTest* unit_test = ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance();
+  std::set<std::string> test_names;
+  for (int case_num = 0;
+       case_num < unit_test->total_test_case_count();
+       ++case_num) {
+    const ::testing::TestCase* test_case = unit_test->GetTestCase(case_num);
+    for (int test_num = 0;
+         test_num < test_case->total_test_count();
+         ++test_num) {
+      const ::testing::TestInfo* test_info = test_case->GetTestInfo(test_num);
+      test_names.insert(std::string(test_info->name()));
+    }
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(1u, test_names.count("CustomTestNames/FunctorName"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1u, test_names.count("CustomTestNames/FunctionName"));
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+  EXPECT_EQ(1u, test_names.count("CustomTestNames/LambdaName"));
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+}
+
+// Test a numeric name to ensure PrintToStringParamName works correctly.
+
+class CustomIntegerNamingTest : public TestWithParam<int> {};
+
+TEST_P(CustomIntegerNamingTest, TestsReportCorrectNames) {
+  const ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info =
+     ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+  Message test_name_stream;
+  test_name_stream << "TestsReportCorrectNames/" << GetParam();
+  EXPECT_STREQ(test_name_stream.GetString().c_str(), test_info->name());
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(PrintToString,
+                        CustomIntegerNamingTest,
+                        Range(0, 5),
+                        ::testing::PrintToStringParamName());
+
+// Test a custom struct with PrintToString.
+
+struct CustomStruct {
+  explicit CustomStruct(int value) : x(value) {}
+  int x;
+};
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& stream, const CustomStruct& val) {
+  stream << val.x;
+  return stream;
+}
+
+class CustomStructNamingTest : public TestWithParam<CustomStruct> {};
+
+TEST_P(CustomStructNamingTest, TestsReportCorrectNames) {
+  const ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info =
+     ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+  Message test_name_stream;
+  test_name_stream << "TestsReportCorrectNames/" << GetParam();
+  EXPECT_STREQ(test_name_stream.GetString().c_str(), test_info->name());
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(PrintToString,
+                        CustomStructNamingTest,
+                        Values(CustomStruct(0), CustomStruct(1)),
+                        ::testing::PrintToStringParamName());
+
+// Test that using a stateful parameter naming function works as expected.
+
+struct StatefulNamingFunctor {
+  StatefulNamingFunctor() : sum(0) {}
+  std::string operator()(const ::testing::TestParamInfo<int>& info) {
+    int value = info.param + sum;
+    sum += info.param;
+    return ::testing::PrintToString(value);
+  }
+  int sum;
+};
+
+class StatefulNamingTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<int> {
+ protected:
+  StatefulNamingTest() : sum_(0) {}
+  int sum_;
+};
+
+TEST_P(StatefulNamingTest, TestsReportCorrectNames) {
+  const ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info =
+     ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+  sum_ += GetParam();
+  Message test_name_stream;
+  test_name_stream << "TestsReportCorrectNames/" << sum_;
+  EXPECT_STREQ(test_name_stream.GetString().c_str(), test_info->name());
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(StatefulNamingFunctor,
+                        StatefulNamingTest,
+                        Range(0, 5),
+                        StatefulNamingFunctor());
+
+// Class that cannot be streamed into an ostream.  It needs to be copyable
+// (and, in case of MSVC, also assignable) in order to be a test parameter
+// type.  Its default copy constructor and assignment operator do exactly
+// what we need.
+class Unstreamable {
+ public:
+  explicit Unstreamable(int value) : value_(value) {}
+
+ private:
+  int value_;
+};
+
+class CommentTest : public TestWithParam<Unstreamable> {};
+
+TEST_P(CommentTest, TestsCorrectlyReportUnstreamableParams) {
+  const ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info =
+     ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(::testing::PrintToString(GetParam()), test_info->value_param());
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(InstantiationWithComments,
+                        CommentTest,
+                        Values(Unstreamable(1)));
+
+// Verify that we can create a hierarchy of test fixtures, where the base
+// class fixture is not parameterized and the derived class is. In this case
+// ParameterizedDerivedTest inherits from NonParameterizedBaseTest.  We
+// perform simple tests on both.
+class NonParameterizedBaseTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ public:
+  NonParameterizedBaseTest() : n_(17) { }
+ protected:
+  int n_;
+};
+
+class ParameterizedDerivedTest : public NonParameterizedBaseTest,
+                                 public ::testing::WithParamInterface<int> {
+ protected:
+  ParameterizedDerivedTest() : count_(0) { }
+  int count_;
+  static int global_count_;
+};
+
+int ParameterizedDerivedTest::global_count_ = 0;
+
+TEST_F(NonParameterizedBaseTest, FixtureIsInitialized) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(17, n_);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ParameterizedDerivedTest, SeesSequence) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(17, n_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, count_++);
+  EXPECT_EQ(GetParam(), global_count_++);
+}
+
+class ParameterizedDeathTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<int> { };
+
+TEST_F(ParameterizedDeathTest, GetParamDiesFromTestF) {
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(GetParam(),
+                            ".* value-parameterized test .*");
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(RangeZeroToFive, ParameterizedDerivedTest, Range(0, 5));
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+TEST(CompileTest, CombineIsDefinedOnlyWhenGtestHasParamTestIsDefined) {
+#if GTEST_HAS_COMBINE && !GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+  FAIL() << "GTEST_HAS_COMBINE is defined while GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST is not\n"
+#endif
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+  // Used in TestGenerationTest test case.
+  AddGlobalTestEnvironment(TestGenerationTest::Environment::Instance());
+  // Used in GeneratorEvaluationTest test case. Tests that the updated value
+  // will be picked up for instantiating tests in GeneratorEvaluationTest.
+  GeneratorEvaluationTest::set_param_value(1);
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+  // Used in GeneratorEvaluationTest test case. Tests that value updated
+  // here will NOT be used for instantiating tests in
+  // GeneratorEvaluationTest.
+  GeneratorEvaluationTest::set_param_value(2);
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-param-test_test.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-param-test_test.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..26ea122b10b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-param-test_test.h
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Authors: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
+//
+// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+//
+// This header file provides classes and functions used internally
+// for testing Google Test itself.
+
+#ifndef GTEST_TEST_GTEST_PARAM_TEST_TEST_H_
+#define GTEST_TEST_GTEST_PARAM_TEST_TEST_H_
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+// Test fixture for testing definition and instantiation of a test
+// in separate translation units.
+class ExternalInstantiationTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<int> {
+};
+
+// Test fixture for testing instantiation of a test in multiple
+// translation units.
+class InstantiationInMultipleTranslaionUnitsTest
+    : public ::testing::TestWithParam<int> {
+};
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+#endif  // GTEST_TEST_GTEST_PARAM_TEST_TEST_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-port_test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-port_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6ea607bc70d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-port_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1304 @@
+// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Authors: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev), wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+//
+// This file tests the internal cross-platform support utilities.
+
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#if GTEST_OS_MAC
+# include <time.h>
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
+
+#include <list>
+#include <utility>  // For std::pair and std::make_pair.
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
+
+// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
+// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
+// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
+// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
+// his code.
+#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
+#include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
+#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
+
+using std::make_pair;
+using std::pair;
+
+namespace testing {
+namespace internal {
+
+TEST(IsXDigitTest, WorksForNarrowAscii) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsXDigit('0'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsXDigit('9'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsXDigit('A'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsXDigit('F'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsXDigit('a'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsXDigit('f'));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsXDigit('-'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsXDigit('g'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsXDigit('G'));
+}
+
+TEST(IsXDigitTest, ReturnsFalseForNarrowNonAscii) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsXDigit('\x80'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsXDigit(static_cast<char>('0' | '\x80')));
+}
+
+TEST(IsXDigitTest, WorksForWideAscii) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsXDigit(L'0'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsXDigit(L'9'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsXDigit(L'A'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsXDigit(L'F'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsXDigit(L'a'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsXDigit(L'f'));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsXDigit(L'-'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsXDigit(L'g'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsXDigit(L'G'));
+}
+
+TEST(IsXDigitTest, ReturnsFalseForWideNonAscii) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsXDigit(static_cast<wchar_t>(0x80)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsXDigit(static_cast<wchar_t>(L'0' | 0x80)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsXDigit(static_cast<wchar_t>(L'0' | 0x100)));
+}
+
+class Base {
+ public:
+  // Copy constructor and assignment operator do exactly what we need, so we
+  // use them.
+  Base() : member_(0) {}
+  explicit Base(int n) : member_(n) {}
+  virtual ~Base() {}
+  int member() { return member_; }
+
+ private:
+  int member_;
+};
+
+class Derived : public Base {
+ public:
+  explicit Derived(int n) : Base(n) {}
+};
+
+TEST(ImplicitCastTest, ConvertsPointers) {
+  Derived derived(0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(&derived == ::testing::internal::ImplicitCast_<Base*>(&derived));
+}
+
+TEST(ImplicitCastTest, CanUseInheritance) {
+  Derived derived(1);
+  Base base = ::testing::internal::ImplicitCast_<Base>(derived);
+  EXPECT_EQ(derived.member(), base.member());
+}
+
+class Castable {
+ public:
+  explicit Castable(bool* converted) : converted_(converted) {}
+  operator Base() {
+    *converted_ = true;
+    return Base();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  bool* converted_;
+};
+
+TEST(ImplicitCastTest, CanUseNonConstCastOperator) {
+  bool converted = false;
+  Castable castable(&converted);
+  Base base = ::testing::internal::ImplicitCast_<Base>(castable);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(converted);
+}
+
+class ConstCastable {
+ public:
+  explicit ConstCastable(bool* converted) : converted_(converted) {}
+  operator Base() const {
+    *converted_ = true;
+    return Base();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  bool* converted_;
+};
+
+TEST(ImplicitCastTest, CanUseConstCastOperatorOnConstValues) {
+  bool converted = false;
+  const ConstCastable const_castable(&converted);
+  Base base = ::testing::internal::ImplicitCast_<Base>(const_castable);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(converted);
+}
+
+class ConstAndNonConstCastable {
+ public:
+  ConstAndNonConstCastable(bool* converted, bool* const_converted)
+      : converted_(converted), const_converted_(const_converted) {}
+  operator Base() {
+    *converted_ = true;
+    return Base();
+  }
+  operator Base() const {
+    *const_converted_ = true;
+    return Base();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  bool* converted_;
+  bool* const_converted_;
+};
+
+TEST(ImplicitCastTest, CanSelectBetweenConstAndNonConstCasrAppropriately) {
+  bool converted = false;
+  bool const_converted = false;
+  ConstAndNonConstCastable castable(&converted, &const_converted);
+  Base base = ::testing::internal::ImplicitCast_<Base>(castable);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(converted);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(const_converted);
+
+  converted = false;
+  const_converted = false;
+  const ConstAndNonConstCastable const_castable(&converted, &const_converted);
+  base = ::testing::internal::ImplicitCast_<Base>(const_castable);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(converted);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(const_converted);
+}
+
+class To {
+ public:
+  To(bool* converted) { *converted = true; }  // NOLINT
+};
+
+TEST(ImplicitCastTest, CanUseImplicitConstructor) {
+  bool converted = false;
+  To to = ::testing::internal::ImplicitCast_<To>(&converted);
+  (void)to;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(converted);
+}
+
+TEST(IteratorTraitsTest, WorksForSTLContainerIterators) {
+  StaticAssertTypeEq<int,
+      IteratorTraits< ::std::vector<int>::const_iterator>::value_type>();
+  StaticAssertTypeEq<bool,
+      IteratorTraits< ::std::list<bool>::iterator>::value_type>();
+}
+
+TEST(IteratorTraitsTest, WorksForPointerToNonConst) {
+  StaticAssertTypeEq<char, IteratorTraits<char*>::value_type>();
+  StaticAssertTypeEq<const void*, IteratorTraits<const void**>::value_type>();
+}
+
+TEST(IteratorTraitsTest, WorksForPointerToConst) {
+  StaticAssertTypeEq<char, IteratorTraits<const char*>::value_type>();
+  StaticAssertTypeEq<const void*,
+      IteratorTraits<const void* const*>::value_type>();
+}
+
+// Tests that the element_type typedef is available in scoped_ptr and refers
+// to the parameter type.
+TEST(ScopedPtrTest, DefinesElementType) {
+  StaticAssertTypeEq<int, ::testing::internal::scoped_ptr<int>::element_type>();
+}
+
+// TODO(vladl@google.com): Implement THE REST of scoped_ptr tests.
+
+TEST(GtestCheckSyntaxTest, BehavesLikeASingleStatement) {
+  if (AlwaysFalse())
+    GTEST_CHECK_(false) << "This should never be executed; "
+                           "It's a compilation test only.";
+
+  if (AlwaysTrue())
+    GTEST_CHECK_(true);
+  else
+    ;  // NOLINT
+
+  if (AlwaysFalse())
+    ;  // NOLINT
+  else
+    GTEST_CHECK_(true) << "";
+}
+
+TEST(GtestCheckSyntaxTest, WorksWithSwitch) {
+  switch (0) {
+    case 1:
+      break;
+    default:
+      GTEST_CHECK_(true);
+  }
+
+  switch (0)
+    case 0:
+      GTEST_CHECK_(true) << "Check failed in switch case";
+}
+
+// Verifies behavior of FormatFileLocation.
+TEST(FormatFileLocationTest, FormatsFileLocation) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(IsSubstring, "foo.cc", FormatFileLocation("foo.cc", 42));
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(IsSubstring, "42", FormatFileLocation("foo.cc", 42));
+}
+
+TEST(FormatFileLocationTest, FormatsUnknownFile) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(
+      IsSubstring, "unknown file", FormatFileLocation(NULL, 42));
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(IsSubstring, "42", FormatFileLocation(NULL, 42));
+}
+
+TEST(FormatFileLocationTest, FormatsUknownLine) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo.cc:", FormatFileLocation("foo.cc", -1));
+}
+
+TEST(FormatFileLocationTest, FormatsUknownFileAndLine) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("unknown file:", FormatFileLocation(NULL, -1));
+}
+
+// Verifies behavior of FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation.
+TEST(FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocationTest, FormatsFileLocation) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo.cc:42", FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation("foo.cc", 42));
+}
+
+TEST(FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocationTest, FormatsUknownFile) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("unknown file:42",
+            FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(NULL, 42));
+}
+
+TEST(FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocationTest, FormatsUknownLine) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo.cc", FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation("foo.cc", -1));
+}
+
+TEST(FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocationTest, FormatsUknownFileAndLine) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("unknown file", FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(NULL, -1));
+}
+
+#if GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_MAC || GTEST_OS_QNX
+void* ThreadFunc(void* data) {
+  internal::Mutex* mutex = static_cast<internal::Mutex*>(data);
+  mutex->Lock();
+  mutex->Unlock();
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+TEST(GetThreadCountTest, ReturnsCorrectValue) {
+  const size_t starting_count = GetThreadCount();
+  pthread_t       thread_id;
+
+  internal::Mutex mutex;
+  {
+    internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex);
+    pthread_attr_t  attr;
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, pthread_attr_init(&attr));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE));
+
+    const int status = pthread_create(&thread_id, &attr, &ThreadFunc, &mutex);
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, pthread_attr_destroy(&attr));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, status);
+    EXPECT_EQ(starting_count + 1, GetThreadCount());
+  }
+
+  void* dummy;
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, pthread_join(thread_id, &dummy));
+
+  // The OS may not immediately report the updated thread count after
+  // joining a thread, causing flakiness in this test. To counter that, we
+  // wait for up to .5 seconds for the OS to report the correct value.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
+    if (GetThreadCount() == starting_count)
+      break;
+
+    SleepMilliseconds(100);
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(starting_count, GetThreadCount());
+}
+#else
+TEST(GetThreadCountTest, ReturnsZeroWhenUnableToCountThreads) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, GetThreadCount());
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_MAC || GTEST_OS_QNX
+
+TEST(GtestCheckDeathTest, DiesWithCorrectOutputOnFailure) {
+  const bool a_false_condition = false;
+  const char regex[] =
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+     "gtest-port_test\\.cc\\(\\d+\\):"
+#elif GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
+     "gtest-port_test\\.cc:[0-9]+"
+#else
+     "gtest-port_test\\.cc:\\d+"
+#endif  // _MSC_VER
+     ".*a_false_condition.*Extra info.*";
+
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(GTEST_CHECK_(a_false_condition) << "Extra info",
+                            regex);
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+TEST(GtestCheckDeathTest, LivesSilentlyOnSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_EXIT({
+      GTEST_CHECK_(true) << "Extra info";
+      ::std::cerr << "Success\n";
+      exit(0); },
+      ::testing::ExitedWithCode(0), "Success");
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+// Verifies that Google Test choose regular expression engine appropriate to
+// the platform. The test will produce compiler errors in case of failure.
+// For simplicity, we only cover the most important platforms here.
+TEST(RegexEngineSelectionTest, SelectsCorrectRegexEngine) {
+#if !GTEST_USES_PCRE
+# if GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE);
+
+# else
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE);
+
+# endif
+#endif  // !GTEST_USES_PCRE
+}
+
+#if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
+
+# if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+
+template <typename Str>
+class RETest : public ::testing::Test {};
+
+// Defines StringTypes as the list of all string types that class RE
+// supports.
+typedef testing::Types<
+    ::std::string,
+#  if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+    ::string,
+#  endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+    const char*> StringTypes;
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE(RETest, StringTypes);
+
+// Tests RE's implicit constructors.
+TYPED_TEST(RETest, ImplicitConstructorWorks) {
+  const RE empty(TypeParam(""));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("", empty.pattern());
+
+  const RE simple(TypeParam("hello"));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("hello", simple.pattern());
+
+  const RE normal(TypeParam(".*(\\w+)"));
+  EXPECT_STREQ(".*(\\w+)", normal.pattern());
+}
+
+// Tests that RE's constructors reject invalid regular expressions.
+TYPED_TEST(RETest, RejectsInvalidRegex) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({
+    const RE invalid(TypeParam("?"));
+  }, "\"?\" is not a valid POSIX Extended regular expression.");
+}
+
+// Tests RE::FullMatch().
+TYPED_TEST(RETest, FullMatchWorks) {
+  const RE empty(TypeParam(""));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(RE::FullMatch(TypeParam(""), empty));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(RE::FullMatch(TypeParam("a"), empty));
+
+  const RE re(TypeParam("a.*z"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(RE::FullMatch(TypeParam("az"), re));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(RE::FullMatch(TypeParam("axyz"), re));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(RE::FullMatch(TypeParam("baz"), re));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(RE::FullMatch(TypeParam("azy"), re));
+}
+
+// Tests RE::PartialMatch().
+TYPED_TEST(RETest, PartialMatchWorks) {
+  const RE empty(TypeParam(""));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(RE::PartialMatch(TypeParam(""), empty));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(RE::PartialMatch(TypeParam("a"), empty));
+
+  const RE re(TypeParam("a.*z"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(RE::PartialMatch(TypeParam("az"), re));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(RE::PartialMatch(TypeParam("axyz"), re));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(RE::PartialMatch(TypeParam("baz"), re));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(RE::PartialMatch(TypeParam("azy"), re));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(RE::PartialMatch(TypeParam("zza"), re));
+}
+
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+
+#elif GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
+
+TEST(IsInSetTest, NulCharIsNotInAnySet) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsInSet('\0', ""));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsInSet('\0', "\0"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsInSet('\0', "a"));
+}
+
+TEST(IsInSetTest, WorksForNonNulChars) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsInSet('a', "Ab"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsInSet('c', ""));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsInSet('b', "bcd"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsInSet('b', "ab"));
+}
+
+TEST(IsAsciiDigitTest, IsFalseForNonDigit) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsAsciiDigit('\0'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsAsciiDigit(' '));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsAsciiDigit('+'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsAsciiDigit('-'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsAsciiDigit('.'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsAsciiDigit('a'));
+}
+
+TEST(IsAsciiDigitTest, IsTrueForDigit) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsAsciiDigit('0'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsAsciiDigit('1'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsAsciiDigit('5'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsAsciiDigit('9'));
+}
+
+TEST(IsAsciiPunctTest, IsFalseForNonPunct) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsAsciiPunct('\0'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsAsciiPunct(' '));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsAsciiPunct('\n'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsAsciiPunct('a'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsAsciiPunct('0'));
+}
+
+TEST(IsAsciiPunctTest, IsTrueForPunct) {
+  for (const char* p = "^-!\"#$%&'()*+,./:;<=>?@[\\]_`{|}~"; *p; p++) {
+    EXPECT_PRED1(IsAsciiPunct, *p);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(IsRepeatTest, IsFalseForNonRepeatChar) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsRepeat('\0'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsRepeat(' '));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsRepeat('a'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsRepeat('1'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsRepeat('-'));
+}
+
+TEST(IsRepeatTest, IsTrueForRepeatChar) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsRepeat('?'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsRepeat('*'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsRepeat('+'));
+}
+
+TEST(IsAsciiWhiteSpaceTest, IsFalseForNonWhiteSpace) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsAsciiWhiteSpace('\0'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsAsciiWhiteSpace('a'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsAsciiWhiteSpace('1'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsAsciiWhiteSpace('+'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsAsciiWhiteSpace('_'));
+}
+
+TEST(IsAsciiWhiteSpaceTest, IsTrueForWhiteSpace) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsAsciiWhiteSpace(' '));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsAsciiWhiteSpace('\n'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsAsciiWhiteSpace('\r'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsAsciiWhiteSpace('\t'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsAsciiWhiteSpace('\v'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsAsciiWhiteSpace('\f'));
+}
+
+TEST(IsAsciiWordCharTest, IsFalseForNonWordChar) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsAsciiWordChar('\0'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsAsciiWordChar('+'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsAsciiWordChar('.'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsAsciiWordChar(' '));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsAsciiWordChar('\n'));
+}
+
+TEST(IsAsciiWordCharTest, IsTrueForLetter) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsAsciiWordChar('a'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsAsciiWordChar('b'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsAsciiWordChar('A'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsAsciiWordChar('Z'));
+}
+
+TEST(IsAsciiWordCharTest, IsTrueForDigit) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsAsciiWordChar('0'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsAsciiWordChar('1'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsAsciiWordChar('7'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsAsciiWordChar('9'));
+}
+
+TEST(IsAsciiWordCharTest, IsTrueForUnderscore) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsAsciiWordChar('_'));
+}
+
+TEST(IsValidEscapeTest, IsFalseForNonPrintable) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsValidEscape('\0'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsValidEscape('\007'));
+}
+
+TEST(IsValidEscapeTest, IsFalseForDigit) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsValidEscape('0'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsValidEscape('9'));
+}
+
+TEST(IsValidEscapeTest, IsFalseForWhiteSpace) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsValidEscape(' '));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsValidEscape('\n'));
+}
+
+TEST(IsValidEscapeTest, IsFalseForSomeLetter) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsValidEscape('a'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsValidEscape('Z'));
+}
+
+TEST(IsValidEscapeTest, IsTrueForPunct) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsValidEscape('.'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsValidEscape('-'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsValidEscape('^'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsValidEscape('$'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsValidEscape('('));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsValidEscape(']'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsValidEscape('{'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsValidEscape('|'));
+}
+
+TEST(IsValidEscapeTest, IsTrueForSomeLetter) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsValidEscape('d'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsValidEscape('D'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsValidEscape('s'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsValidEscape('S'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsValidEscape('w'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsValidEscape('W'));
+}
+
+TEST(AtomMatchesCharTest, EscapedPunct) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, '\\', '\0'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, '\\', ' '));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, '_', '.'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, '.', 'a'));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, '\\', '\\'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, '_', '_'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, '+', '+'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, '.', '.'));
+}
+
+TEST(AtomMatchesCharTest, Escaped_d) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'd', '\0'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'd', 'a'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'd', '.'));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'd', '0'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'd', '9'));
+}
+
+TEST(AtomMatchesCharTest, Escaped_D) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'D', '0'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'D', '9'));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'D', '\0'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'D', 'a'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'D', '-'));
+}
+
+TEST(AtomMatchesCharTest, Escaped_s) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 's', '\0'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 's', 'a'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 's', '.'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 's', '9'));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 's', ' '));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 's', '\n'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 's', '\t'));
+}
+
+TEST(AtomMatchesCharTest, Escaped_S) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'S', ' '));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'S', '\r'));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'S', '\0'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'S', 'a'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'S', '9'));
+}
+
+TEST(AtomMatchesCharTest, Escaped_w) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'w', '\0'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'w', '+'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'w', ' '));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'w', '\n'));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'w', '0'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'w', 'b'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'w', 'C'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'w', '_'));
+}
+
+TEST(AtomMatchesCharTest, Escaped_W) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'W', 'A'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'W', 'b'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'W', '9'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'W', '_'));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'W', '\0'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'W', '*'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'W', '\n'));
+}
+
+TEST(AtomMatchesCharTest, EscapedWhiteSpace) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'f', '\0'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'f', '\n'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'n', '\0'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'n', '\r'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'r', '\0'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'r', 'a'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 't', '\0'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 't', 't'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'v', '\0'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'v', '\f'));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'f', '\f'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'n', '\n'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'r', '\r'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 't', '\t'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(true, 'v', '\v'));
+}
+
+TEST(AtomMatchesCharTest, UnescapedDot) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(false, '.', '\n'));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(false, '.', '\0'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(false, '.', '.'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(false, '.', 'a'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(false, '.', ' '));
+}
+
+TEST(AtomMatchesCharTest, UnescapedChar) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(false, 'a', '\0'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(false, 'a', 'b'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(AtomMatchesChar(false, '$', 'a'));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(false, '$', '$'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(false, '5', '5'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(AtomMatchesChar(false, 'Z', 'Z'));
+}
+
+TEST(ValidateRegexTest, GeneratesFailureAndReturnsFalseForInvalid) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FALSE(ValidateRegex(NULL)),
+                          "NULL is not a valid simple regular expression");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
+      ASSERT_FALSE(ValidateRegex("a\\")),
+      "Syntax error at index 1 in simple regular expression \"a\\\": ");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FALSE(ValidateRegex("a\\")),
+                          "'\\' cannot appear at the end");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FALSE(ValidateRegex("\\n\\")),
+                          "'\\' cannot appear at the end");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FALSE(ValidateRegex("\\s\\hb")),
+                          "invalid escape sequence \"\\h\"");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FALSE(ValidateRegex("^^")),
+                          "'^' can only appear at the beginning");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FALSE(ValidateRegex(".*^b")),
+                          "'^' can only appear at the beginning");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FALSE(ValidateRegex("$$")),
+                          "'$' can only appear at the end");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FALSE(ValidateRegex("^$a")),
+                          "'$' can only appear at the end");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FALSE(ValidateRegex("a(b")),
+                          "'(' is unsupported");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FALSE(ValidateRegex("ab)")),
+                          "')' is unsupported");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FALSE(ValidateRegex("[ab")),
+                          "'[' is unsupported");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FALSE(ValidateRegex("a{2")),
+                          "'{' is unsupported");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FALSE(ValidateRegex("?")),
+                          "'?' can only follow a repeatable token");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FALSE(ValidateRegex("^*")),
+                          "'*' can only follow a repeatable token");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FALSE(ValidateRegex("5*+")),
+                          "'+' can only follow a repeatable token");
+}
+
+TEST(ValidateRegexTest, ReturnsTrueForValid) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ValidateRegex(""));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ValidateRegex("a"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ValidateRegex(".*"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ValidateRegex("^a_+"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ValidateRegex("^a\\t\\&?"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ValidateRegex("09*$"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ValidateRegex("^Z$"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ValidateRegex("a\\^Z\\$\\(\\)\\|\\[\\]\\{\\}"));
+}
+
+TEST(MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHeadTest, WorksForZeroOrOne) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(false, 'a', '?', "a", "ba"));
+  // Repeating more than once.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(false, 'a', '?', "b", "aab"));
+
+  // Repeating zero times.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(false, 'a', '?', "b", "ba"));
+  // Repeating once.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(false, 'a', '?', "b", "ab"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(false, '#', '?', ".", "##"));
+}
+
+TEST(MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHeadTest, WorksForZeroOrMany) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(false, '.', '*', "a$", "baab"));
+
+  // Repeating zero times.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(false, '.', '*', "b", "bc"));
+  // Repeating once.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(false, '.', '*', "b", "abc"));
+  // Repeating more than once.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(true, 'w', '*', "-", "ab_1-g"));
+}
+
+TEST(MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHeadTest, WorksForOneOrMany) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(false, '.', '+', "a$", "baab"));
+  // Repeating zero times.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(false, '.', '+', "b", "bc"));
+
+  // Repeating once.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(false, '.', '+', "b", "abc"));
+  // Repeating more than once.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(true, 'w', '+', "-", "ab_1-g"));
+}
+
+TEST(MatchRegexAtHeadTest, ReturnsTrueForEmptyRegex) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRegexAtHead("", ""));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRegexAtHead("", "ab"));
+}
+
+TEST(MatchRegexAtHeadTest, WorksWhenDollarIsInRegex) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MatchRegexAtHead("$", "a"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRegexAtHead("$", ""));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRegexAtHead("a$", "a"));
+}
+
+TEST(MatchRegexAtHeadTest, WorksWhenRegexStartsWithEscapeSequence) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MatchRegexAtHead("\\w", "+"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MatchRegexAtHead("\\W", "ab"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRegexAtHead("\\sa", "\nab"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRegexAtHead("\\d", "1a"));
+}
+
+TEST(MatchRegexAtHeadTest, WorksWhenRegexStartsWithRepetition) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MatchRegexAtHead(".+a", "abc"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MatchRegexAtHead("a?b", "aab"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRegexAtHead(".*a", "bc12-ab"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRegexAtHead("a?b", "b"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRegexAtHead("a?b", "ab"));
+}
+
+TEST(MatchRegexAtHeadTest,
+     WorksWhenRegexStartsWithRepetionOfEscapeSequence) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MatchRegexAtHead("\\.+a", "abc"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MatchRegexAtHead("\\s?b", "  b"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRegexAtHead("\\(*a", "((((ab"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRegexAtHead("\\^?b", "^b"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRegexAtHead("\\\\?b", "b"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRegexAtHead("\\\\?b", "\\b"));
+}
+
+TEST(MatchRegexAtHeadTest, MatchesSequentially) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MatchRegexAtHead("ab.*c", "acabc"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRegexAtHead("ab.*c", "ab-fsc"));
+}
+
+TEST(MatchRegexAnywhereTest, ReturnsFalseWhenStringIsNull) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MatchRegexAnywhere("", NULL));
+}
+
+TEST(MatchRegexAnywhereTest, WorksWhenRegexStartsWithCaret) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MatchRegexAnywhere("^a", "ba"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MatchRegexAnywhere("^$", "a"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRegexAnywhere("^a", "ab"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRegexAnywhere("^", "ab"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRegexAnywhere("^$", ""));
+}
+
+TEST(MatchRegexAnywhereTest, ReturnsFalseWhenNoMatch) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MatchRegexAnywhere("a", "bcde123"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MatchRegexAnywhere("a.+a", "--aa88888888"));
+}
+
+TEST(MatchRegexAnywhereTest, ReturnsTrueWhenMatchingPrefix) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRegexAnywhere("\\w+", "ab1_ - 5"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRegexAnywhere(".*=", "="));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRegexAnywhere("x.*ab?.*bc", "xaaabc"));
+}
+
+TEST(MatchRegexAnywhereTest, ReturnsTrueWhenMatchingNonPrefix) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRegexAnywhere("\\w+", "$$$ ab1_ - 5"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MatchRegexAnywhere("\\.+=", "=  ...="));
+}
+
+// Tests RE's implicit constructors.
+TEST(RETest, ImplicitConstructorWorks) {
+  const RE empty("");
+  EXPECT_STREQ("", empty.pattern());
+
+  const RE simple("hello");
+  EXPECT_STREQ("hello", simple.pattern());
+}
+
+// Tests that RE's constructors reject invalid regular expressions.
+TEST(RETest, RejectsInvalidRegex) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({
+    const RE normal(NULL);
+  }, "NULL is not a valid simple regular expression");
+
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({
+    const RE normal(".*(\\w+");
+  }, "'(' is unsupported");
+
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({
+    const RE invalid("^?");
+  }, "'?' can only follow a repeatable token");
+}
+
+// Tests RE::FullMatch().
+TEST(RETest, FullMatchWorks) {
+  const RE empty("");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(RE::FullMatch("", empty));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(RE::FullMatch("a", empty));
+
+  const RE re1("a");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(RE::FullMatch("a", re1));
+
+  const RE re("a.*z");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(RE::FullMatch("az", re));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(RE::FullMatch("axyz", re));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(RE::FullMatch("baz", re));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(RE::FullMatch("azy", re));
+}
+
+// Tests RE::PartialMatch().
+TEST(RETest, PartialMatchWorks) {
+  const RE empty("");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(RE::PartialMatch("", empty));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(RE::PartialMatch("a", empty));
+
+  const RE re("a.*z");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(RE::PartialMatch("az", re));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(RE::PartialMatch("axyz", re));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(RE::PartialMatch("baz", re));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(RE::PartialMatch("azy", re));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(RE::PartialMatch("zza", re));
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
+
+#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+TEST(CaptureTest, CapturesStdout) {
+  CaptureStdout();
+  fprintf(stdout, "abc");
+  EXPECT_STREQ("abc", GetCapturedStdout().c_str());
+
+  CaptureStdout();
+  fprintf(stdout, "def%cghi", '\0');
+  EXPECT_EQ(::std::string("def\0ghi", 7), ::std::string(GetCapturedStdout()));
+}
+
+TEST(CaptureTest, CapturesStderr) {
+  CaptureStderr();
+  fprintf(stderr, "jkl");
+  EXPECT_STREQ("jkl", GetCapturedStderr().c_str());
+
+  CaptureStderr();
+  fprintf(stderr, "jkl%cmno", '\0');
+  EXPECT_EQ(::std::string("jkl\0mno", 7), ::std::string(GetCapturedStderr()));
+}
+
+// Tests that stdout and stderr capture don't interfere with each other.
+TEST(CaptureTest, CapturesStdoutAndStderr) {
+  CaptureStdout();
+  CaptureStderr();
+  fprintf(stdout, "pqr");
+  fprintf(stderr, "stu");
+  EXPECT_STREQ("pqr", GetCapturedStdout().c_str());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("stu", GetCapturedStderr().c_str());
+}
+
+TEST(CaptureDeathTest, CannotReenterStdoutCapture) {
+  CaptureStdout();
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(CaptureStdout(),
+                            "Only one stdout capturer can exist at a time");
+  GetCapturedStdout();
+
+  // We cannot test stderr capturing using death tests as they use it
+  // themselves.
+}
+
+#endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+TEST(ThreadLocalTest, DefaultConstructorInitializesToDefaultValues) {
+  ThreadLocal<int> t1;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, t1.get());
+
+  ThreadLocal<void*> t2;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(t2.get() == NULL);
+}
+
+TEST(ThreadLocalTest, SingleParamConstructorInitializesToParam) {
+  ThreadLocal<int> t1(123);
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, t1.get());
+
+  int i = 0;
+  ThreadLocal<int*> t2(&i);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&i, t2.get());
+}
+
+class NoDefaultContructor {
+ public:
+  explicit NoDefaultContructor(const char*) {}
+  NoDefaultContructor(const NoDefaultContructor&) {}
+};
+
+TEST(ThreadLocalTest, ValueDefaultContructorIsNotRequiredForParamVersion) {
+  ThreadLocal<NoDefaultContructor> bar(NoDefaultContructor("foo"));
+  bar.pointer();
+}
+
+TEST(ThreadLocalTest, GetAndPointerReturnSameValue) {
+  ThreadLocal<std::string> thread_local_string;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(thread_local_string.pointer(), &(thread_local_string.get()));
+
+  // Verifies the condition still holds after calling set.
+  thread_local_string.set("foo");
+  EXPECT_EQ(thread_local_string.pointer(), &(thread_local_string.get()));
+}
+
+TEST(ThreadLocalTest, PointerAndConstPointerReturnSameValue) {
+  ThreadLocal<std::string> thread_local_string;
+  const ThreadLocal<std::string>& const_thread_local_string =
+      thread_local_string;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(thread_local_string.pointer(), const_thread_local_string.pointer());
+
+  thread_local_string.set("foo");
+  EXPECT_EQ(thread_local_string.pointer(), const_thread_local_string.pointer());
+}
+
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+
+void AddTwo(int* param) { *param += 2; }
+
+TEST(ThreadWithParamTest, ConstructorExecutesThreadFunc) {
+  int i = 40;
+  ThreadWithParam<int*> thread(&AddTwo, &i, NULL);
+  thread.Join();
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, i);
+}
+
+TEST(MutexDeathTest, AssertHeldShouldAssertWhenNotLocked) {
+  // AssertHeld() is flaky only in the presence of multiple threads accessing
+  // the lock. In this case, the test is robust.
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED({
+    Mutex m;
+    { MutexLock lock(&m); }
+    m.AssertHeld();
+  },
+  "thread .*hold");
+}
+
+TEST(MutexTest, AssertHeldShouldNotAssertWhenLocked) {
+  Mutex m;
+  MutexLock lock(&m);
+  m.AssertHeld();
+}
+
+class AtomicCounterWithMutex {
+ public:
+  explicit AtomicCounterWithMutex(Mutex* mutex) :
+    value_(0), mutex_(mutex), random_(42) {}
+
+  void Increment() {
+    MutexLock lock(mutex_);
+    int temp = value_;
+    {
+      // We need to put up a memory barrier to prevent reads and writes to
+      // value_ rearranged with the call to SleepMilliseconds when observed
+      // from other threads.
+#if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+      // On POSIX, locking a mutex puts up a memory barrier.  We cannot use
+      // Mutex and MutexLock here or rely on their memory barrier
+      // functionality as we are testing them here.
+      pthread_mutex_t memory_barrier_mutex;
+      GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(
+          pthread_mutex_init(&memory_barrier_mutex, NULL));
+      GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_lock(&memory_barrier_mutex));
+
+      SleepMilliseconds(random_.Generate(30));
+
+      GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_unlock(&memory_barrier_mutex));
+      GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_destroy(&memory_barrier_mutex));
+#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+      // On Windows, performing an interlocked access puts up a memory barrier.
+      volatile LONG dummy = 0;
+      ::InterlockedIncrement(&dummy);
+      SleepMilliseconds(random_.Generate(30));
+      ::InterlockedIncrement(&dummy);
+#else
+# error "Memory barrier not implemented on this platform."
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+    }
+    value_ = temp + 1;
+  }
+  int value() const { return value_; }
+
+ private:
+  volatile int value_;
+  Mutex* const mutex_;  // Protects value_.
+  Random       random_;
+};
+
+void CountingThreadFunc(pair<AtomicCounterWithMutex*, int> param) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < param.second; ++i)
+      param.first->Increment();
+}
+
+// Tests that the mutex only lets one thread at a time to lock it.
+TEST(MutexTest, OnlyOneThreadCanLockAtATime) {
+  Mutex mutex;
+  AtomicCounterWithMutex locked_counter(&mutex);
+
+  typedef ThreadWithParam<pair<AtomicCounterWithMutex*, int> > ThreadType;
+  const int kCycleCount = 20;
+  const int kThreadCount = 7;
+  scoped_ptr<ThreadType> counting_threads[kThreadCount];
+  Notification threads_can_start;
+  // Creates and runs kThreadCount threads that increment locked_counter
+  // kCycleCount times each.
+  for (int i = 0; i < kThreadCount; ++i) {
+    counting_threads[i].reset(new ThreadType(&CountingThreadFunc,
+                                             make_pair(&locked_counter,
+                                                       kCycleCount),
+                                             &threads_can_start));
+  }
+  threads_can_start.Notify();
+  for (int i = 0; i < kThreadCount; ++i)
+    counting_threads[i]->Join();
+
+  // If the mutex lets more than one thread to increment the counter at a
+  // time, they are likely to encounter a race condition and have some
+  // increments overwritten, resulting in the lower then expected counter
+  // value.
+  EXPECT_EQ(kCycleCount * kThreadCount, locked_counter.value());
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void RunFromThread(void (func)(T), T param) {
+  ThreadWithParam<T> thread(func, param, NULL);
+  thread.Join();
+}
+
+void RetrieveThreadLocalValue(
+    pair<ThreadLocal<std::string>*, std::string*> param) {
+  *param.second = param.first->get();
+}
+
+TEST(ThreadLocalTest, ParameterizedConstructorSetsDefault) {
+  ThreadLocal<std::string> thread_local_string("foo");
+  EXPECT_STREQ("foo", thread_local_string.get().c_str());
+
+  thread_local_string.set("bar");
+  EXPECT_STREQ("bar", thread_local_string.get().c_str());
+
+  std::string result;
+  RunFromThread(&RetrieveThreadLocalValue,
+                make_pair(&thread_local_string, &result));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("foo", result.c_str());
+}
+
+// Keeps track of whether of destructors being called on instances of
+// DestructorTracker.  On Windows, waits for the destructor call reports.
+class DestructorCall {
+ public:
+  DestructorCall() {
+    invoked_ = false;
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+    wait_event_.Reset(::CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL));
+    GTEST_CHECK_(wait_event_.Get() != NULL);
+#endif
+  }
+
+  bool CheckDestroyed() const {
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+    if (::WaitForSingleObject(wait_event_.Get(), 1000) != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
+      return false;
+#endif
+    return invoked_;
+  }
+
+  void ReportDestroyed() {
+    invoked_ = true;
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+    ::SetEvent(wait_event_.Get());
+#endif
+  }
+
+  static std::vector<DestructorCall*>& List() { return *list_; }
+
+  static void ResetList() {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < list_->size(); ++i) {
+      delete list_->at(i);
+    }
+    list_->clear();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  bool invoked_;
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  AutoHandle wait_event_;
+#endif
+  static std::vector<DestructorCall*>* const list_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(DestructorCall);
+};
+
+std::vector<DestructorCall*>* const DestructorCall::list_ =
+    new std::vector<DestructorCall*>;
+
+// DestructorTracker keeps track of whether its instances have been
+// destroyed.
+class DestructorTracker {
+ public:
+  DestructorTracker() : index_(GetNewIndex()) {}
+  DestructorTracker(const DestructorTracker& /* rhs */)
+      : index_(GetNewIndex()) {}
+  ~DestructorTracker() {
+    // We never access DestructorCall::List() concurrently, so we don't need
+    // to protect this acccess with a mutex.
+    DestructorCall::List()[index_]->ReportDestroyed();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  static size_t GetNewIndex() {
+    DestructorCall::List().push_back(new DestructorCall);
+    return DestructorCall::List().size() - 1;
+  }
+  const size_t index_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(DestructorTracker);
+};
+
+typedef ThreadLocal<DestructorTracker>* ThreadParam;
+
+void CallThreadLocalGet(ThreadParam thread_local_param) {
+  thread_local_param->get();
+}
+
+// Tests that when a ThreadLocal object dies in a thread, it destroys
+// the managed object for that thread.
+TEST(ThreadLocalTest, DestroysManagedObjectForOwnThreadWhenDying) {
+  DestructorCall::ResetList();
+
+  {
+    ThreadLocal<DestructorTracker> thread_local_tracker;
+    ASSERT_EQ(0U, DestructorCall::List().size());
+
+    // This creates another DestructorTracker object for the main thread.
+    thread_local_tracker.get();
+    ASSERT_EQ(1U, DestructorCall::List().size());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(DestructorCall::List()[0]->CheckDestroyed());
+  }
+
+  // Now thread_local_tracker has died.
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, DestructorCall::List().size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DestructorCall::List()[0]->CheckDestroyed());
+
+  DestructorCall::ResetList();
+}
+
+// Tests that when a thread exits, the thread-local object for that
+// thread is destroyed.
+TEST(ThreadLocalTest, DestroysManagedObjectAtThreadExit) {
+  DestructorCall::ResetList();
+
+  {
+    ThreadLocal<DestructorTracker> thread_local_tracker;
+    ASSERT_EQ(0U, DestructorCall::List().size());
+
+    // This creates another DestructorTracker object in the new thread.
+    ThreadWithParam<ThreadParam> thread(
+        &CallThreadLocalGet, &thread_local_tracker, NULL);
+    thread.Join();
+
+    // The thread has exited, and we should have a DestroyedTracker
+    // instance created for it. But it may not have been destroyed yet.
+    ASSERT_EQ(1U, DestructorCall::List().size());
+  }
+
+  // The thread has exited and thread_local_tracker has died.
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, DestructorCall::List().size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DestructorCall::List()[0]->CheckDestroyed());
+
+  DestructorCall::ResetList();
+}
+
+TEST(ThreadLocalTest, ThreadLocalMutationsAffectOnlyCurrentThread) {
+  ThreadLocal<std::string> thread_local_string;
+  thread_local_string.set("Foo");
+  EXPECT_STREQ("Foo", thread_local_string.get().c_str());
+
+  std::string result;
+  RunFromThread(&RetrieveThreadLocalValue,
+                make_pair(&thread_local_string, &result));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(result.empty());
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+TEST(WindowsTypesTest, HANDLEIsVoidStar) {
+  StaticAssertTypeEq<HANDLE, void*>();
+}
+
+TEST(WindowsTypesTest, CRITICAL_SECTIONIs_RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION) {
+  StaticAssertTypeEq<CRITICAL_SECTION, _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION>();
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace testing
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-printers_test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-printers_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3e97cc24ab4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-printers_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1635 @@
+// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+// Google Test - The Google C++ Testing Framework
+//
+// This file tests the universal value printer.
+
+#include "gtest/gtest-printers.h"
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <deque>
+#include <list>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+// hash_map and hash_set are available under Visual C++, or on Linux.
+#if GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_
+# include <hash_map>            // NOLINT
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_
+#if GTEST_HAS_HASH_SET_
+# include <hash_set>            // NOLINT
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_HASH_SET_
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_
+# include <forward_list> // NOLINT
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_
+
+// Some user-defined types for testing the universal value printer.
+
+// An anonymous enum type.
+enum AnonymousEnum {
+  kAE1 = -1,
+  kAE2 = 1
+};
+
+// An enum without a user-defined printer.
+enum EnumWithoutPrinter {
+  kEWP1 = -2,
+  kEWP2 = 42
+};
+
+// An enum with a << operator.
+enum EnumWithStreaming {
+  kEWS1 = 10
+};
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, EnumWithStreaming e) {
+  return os << (e == kEWS1 ? "kEWS1" : "invalid");
+}
+
+// An enum with a PrintTo() function.
+enum EnumWithPrintTo {
+  kEWPT1 = 1
+};
+
+void PrintTo(EnumWithPrintTo e, std::ostream* os) {
+  *os << (e == kEWPT1 ? "kEWPT1" : "invalid");
+}
+
+// A class implicitly convertible to BiggestInt.
+class BiggestIntConvertible {
+ public:
+  operator ::testing::internal::BiggestInt() const { return 42; }
+};
+
+// A user-defined unprintable class template in the global namespace.
+template <typename T>
+class UnprintableTemplateInGlobal {
+ public:
+  UnprintableTemplateInGlobal() : value_() {}
+ private:
+  T value_;
+};
+
+// A user-defined streamable type in the global namespace.
+class StreamableInGlobal {
+ public:
+  virtual ~StreamableInGlobal() {}
+};
+
+inline void operator<<(::std::ostream& os, const StreamableInGlobal& /* x */) {
+  os << "StreamableInGlobal";
+}
+
+void operator<<(::std::ostream& os, const StreamableInGlobal* /* x */) {
+  os << "StreamableInGlobal*";
+}
+
+namespace foo {
+
+// A user-defined unprintable type in a user namespace.
+class UnprintableInFoo {
+ public:
+  UnprintableInFoo() : z_(0) { memcpy(xy_, "\xEF\x12\x0\x0\x34\xAB\x0\x0", 8); }
+  double z() const { return z_; }
+ private:
+  char xy_[8];
+  double z_;
+};
+
+// A user-defined printable type in a user-chosen namespace.
+struct PrintableViaPrintTo {
+  PrintableViaPrintTo() : value() {}
+  int value;
+};
+
+void PrintTo(const PrintableViaPrintTo& x, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  *os << "PrintableViaPrintTo: " << x.value;
+}
+
+// A type with a user-defined << for printing its pointer.
+struct PointerPrintable {
+};
+
+::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os,
+                           const PointerPrintable* /* x */) {
+  return os << "PointerPrintable*";
+}
+
+// A user-defined printable class template in a user-chosen namespace.
+template <typename T>
+class PrintableViaPrintToTemplate {
+ public:
+  explicit PrintableViaPrintToTemplate(const T& a_value) : value_(a_value) {}
+
+  const T& value() const { return value_; }
+ private:
+  T value_;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+void PrintTo(const PrintableViaPrintToTemplate<T>& x, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  *os << "PrintableViaPrintToTemplate: " << x.value();
+}
+
+// A user-defined streamable class template in a user namespace.
+template <typename T>
+class StreamableTemplateInFoo {
+ public:
+  StreamableTemplateInFoo() : value_() {}
+
+  const T& value() const { return value_; }
+ private:
+  T value_;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os,
+                                  const StreamableTemplateInFoo<T>& x) {
+  return os << "StreamableTemplateInFoo: " << x.value();
+}
+
+}  // namespace foo
+
+namespace testing {
+namespace gtest_printers_test {
+
+using ::std::deque;
+using ::std::list;
+using ::std::make_pair;
+using ::std::map;
+using ::std::multimap;
+using ::std::multiset;
+using ::std::pair;
+using ::std::set;
+using ::std::vector;
+using ::testing::PrintToString;
+using ::testing::internal::FormatForComparisonFailureMessage;
+using ::testing::internal::ImplicitCast_;
+using ::testing::internal::NativeArray;
+using ::testing::internal::RE;
+using ::testing::internal::RelationToSourceReference;
+using ::testing::internal::Strings;
+using ::testing::internal::UniversalPrint;
+using ::testing::internal::UniversalPrinter;
+using ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrint;
+using ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings;
+using ::testing::internal::string;
+
+// The hash_* classes are not part of the C++ standard.  STLport
+// defines them in namespace std.  MSVC defines them in ::stdext.  GCC
+// defines them in ::.
+#ifdef _STLP_HASH_MAP  // We got <hash_map> from STLport.
+using ::std::hash_map;
+using ::std::hash_set;
+using ::std::hash_multimap;
+using ::std::hash_multiset;
+#elif _MSC_VER
+using ::stdext::hash_map;
+using ::stdext::hash_set;
+using ::stdext::hash_multimap;
+using ::stdext::hash_multiset;
+#endif
+
+// Prints a value to a string using the universal value printer.  This
+// is a helper for testing UniversalPrinter<T>::Print() for various types.
+template <typename T>
+string Print(const T& value) {
+  ::std::stringstream ss;
+  UniversalPrinter<T>::Print(value, &ss);
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+// Prints a value passed by reference to a string, using the universal
+// value printer.  This is a helper for testing
+// UniversalPrinter<T&>::Print() for various types.
+template <typename T>
+string PrintByRef(const T& value) {
+  ::std::stringstream ss;
+  UniversalPrinter<T&>::Print(value, &ss);
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+// Tests printing various enum types.
+
+TEST(PrintEnumTest, AnonymousEnum) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("-1", Print(kAE1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", Print(kAE2));
+}
+
+TEST(PrintEnumTest, EnumWithoutPrinter) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("-2", Print(kEWP1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("42", Print(kEWP2));
+}
+
+TEST(PrintEnumTest, EnumWithStreaming) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("kEWS1", Print(kEWS1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("invalid", Print(static_cast<EnumWithStreaming>(0)));
+}
+
+TEST(PrintEnumTest, EnumWithPrintTo) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("kEWPT1", Print(kEWPT1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("invalid", Print(static_cast<EnumWithPrintTo>(0)));
+}
+
+// Tests printing a class implicitly convertible to BiggestInt.
+
+TEST(PrintClassTest, BiggestIntConvertible) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("42", Print(BiggestIntConvertible()));
+}
+
+// Tests printing various char types.
+
+// char.
+TEST(PrintCharTest, PlainChar) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\\0'", Print('\0'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\\'' (39, 0x27)", Print('\''));
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\"' (34, 0x22)", Print('"'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("'?' (63, 0x3F)", Print('?'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\\\\' (92, 0x5C)", Print('\\'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\\a' (7)", Print('\a'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\\b' (8)", Print('\b'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\\f' (12, 0xC)", Print('\f'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\\n' (10, 0xA)", Print('\n'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\\r' (13, 0xD)", Print('\r'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\\t' (9)", Print('\t'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\\v' (11, 0xB)", Print('\v'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\\x7F' (127)", Print('\x7F'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\\xFF' (255)", Print('\xFF'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("' ' (32, 0x20)", Print(' '));
+  EXPECT_EQ("'a' (97, 0x61)", Print('a'));
+}
+
+// signed char.
+TEST(PrintCharTest, SignedChar) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\\0'", Print(static_cast<signed char>('\0')));
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\\xCE' (-50)",
+            Print(static_cast<signed char>(-50)));
+}
+
+// unsigned char.
+TEST(PrintCharTest, UnsignedChar) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\\0'", Print(static_cast<unsigned char>('\0')));
+  EXPECT_EQ("'b' (98, 0x62)",
+            Print(static_cast<unsigned char>('b')));
+}
+
+// Tests printing other simple, built-in types.
+
+// bool.
+TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, Bool) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("false", Print(false));
+  EXPECT_EQ("true", Print(true));
+}
+
+// wchar_t.
+TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, Wchar_t) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\0'", Print(L'\0'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\'' (39, 0x27)", Print(L'\''));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'\"' (34, 0x22)", Print(L'"'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'?' (63, 0x3F)", Print(L'?'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\\\' (92, 0x5C)", Print(L'\\'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\a' (7)", Print(L'\a'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\b' (8)", Print(L'\b'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\f' (12, 0xC)", Print(L'\f'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\n' (10, 0xA)", Print(L'\n'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\r' (13, 0xD)", Print(L'\r'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\t' (9)", Print(L'\t'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\v' (11, 0xB)", Print(L'\v'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\x7F' (127)", Print(L'\x7F'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\xFF' (255)", Print(L'\xFF'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L' ' (32, 0x20)", Print(L' '));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'a' (97, 0x61)", Print(L'a'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\x576' (1398)", Print(static_cast<wchar_t>(0x576)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\xC74D' (51021)", Print(static_cast<wchar_t>(0xC74D)));
+}
+
+// Test that Int64 provides more storage than wchar_t.
+TEST(PrintTypeSizeTest, Wchar_t) {
+  EXPECT_LT(sizeof(wchar_t), sizeof(testing::internal::Int64));
+}
+
+// Various integer types.
+TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, Integer) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\\xFF' (255)", Print(static_cast<unsigned char>(255)));  // uint8
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\\x80' (-128)", Print(static_cast<signed char>(-128)));  // int8
+  EXPECT_EQ("65535", Print(USHRT_MAX));  // uint16
+  EXPECT_EQ("-32768", Print(SHRT_MIN));  // int16
+  EXPECT_EQ("4294967295", Print(UINT_MAX));  // uint32
+  EXPECT_EQ("-2147483648", Print(INT_MIN));  // int32
+  EXPECT_EQ("18446744073709551615",
+            Print(static_cast<testing::internal::UInt64>(-1)));  // uint64
+  EXPECT_EQ("-9223372036854775808",
+            Print(static_cast<testing::internal::Int64>(1) << 63));  // int64
+}
+
+// Size types.
+TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, Size_t) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", Print(sizeof('a')));  // size_t.
+#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  // Windows has no ssize_t type.
+  EXPECT_EQ("-2", Print(static_cast<ssize_t>(-2)));  // ssize_t.
+#endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+}
+
+// Floating-points.
+TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, FloatingPoints) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("1.5", Print(1.5f));   // float
+  EXPECT_EQ("-2.5", Print(-2.5));  // double
+}
+
+// Since ::std::stringstream::operator<<(const void *) formats the pointer
+// output differently with different compilers, we have to create the expected
+// output first and use it as our expectation.
+static string PrintPointer(const void *p) {
+  ::std::stringstream expected_result_stream;
+  expected_result_stream << p;
+  return expected_result_stream.str();
+}
+
+// Tests printing C strings.
+
+// const char*.
+TEST(PrintCStringTest, Const) {
+  const char* p = "World";
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p) + " pointing to \"World\"", Print(p));
+}
+
+// char*.
+TEST(PrintCStringTest, NonConst) {
+  char p[] = "Hi";
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p) + " pointing to \"Hi\"",
+            Print(static_cast<char*>(p)));
+}
+
+// NULL C string.
+TEST(PrintCStringTest, Null) {
+  const char* p = NULL;
+  EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
+}
+
+// Tests that C strings are escaped properly.
+TEST(PrintCStringTest, EscapesProperly) {
+  const char* p = "'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\x7F\xFF a";
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p) + " pointing to \"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f"
+            "\\n\\r\\t\\v\\x7F\\xFF a\"",
+            Print(p));
+}
+
+// MSVC compiler can be configured to define whar_t as a typedef
+// of unsigned short. Defining an overload for const wchar_t* in that case
+// would cause pointers to unsigned shorts be printed as wide strings,
+// possibly accessing more memory than intended and causing invalid
+// memory accesses. MSVC defines _NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED symbol when
+// wchar_t is implemented as a native type.
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED)
+
+// const wchar_t*.
+TEST(PrintWideCStringTest, Const) {
+  const wchar_t* p = L"World";
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p) + " pointing to L\"World\"", Print(p));
+}
+
+// wchar_t*.
+TEST(PrintWideCStringTest, NonConst) {
+  wchar_t p[] = L"Hi";
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p) + " pointing to L\"Hi\"",
+            Print(static_cast<wchar_t*>(p)));
+}
+
+// NULL wide C string.
+TEST(PrintWideCStringTest, Null) {
+  const wchar_t* p = NULL;
+  EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
+}
+
+// Tests that wide C strings are escaped properly.
+TEST(PrintWideCStringTest, EscapesProperly) {
+  const wchar_t s[] = {'\'', '"', '?', '\\', '\a', '\b', '\f', '\n', '\r',
+                       '\t', '\v', 0xD3, 0x576, 0x8D3, 0xC74D, ' ', 'a', '\0'};
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(s) + " pointing to L\"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f"
+            "\\n\\r\\t\\v\\xD3\\x576\\x8D3\\xC74D a\"",
+            Print(static_cast<const wchar_t*>(s)));
+}
+#endif  // native wchar_t
+
+// Tests printing pointers to other char types.
+
+// signed char*.
+TEST(PrintCharPointerTest, SignedChar) {
+  signed char* p = reinterpret_cast<signed char*>(0x1234);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
+  p = NULL;
+  EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
+}
+
+// const signed char*.
+TEST(PrintCharPointerTest, ConstSignedChar) {
+  signed char* p = reinterpret_cast<signed char*>(0x1234);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
+  p = NULL;
+  EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
+}
+
+// unsigned char*.
+TEST(PrintCharPointerTest, UnsignedChar) {
+  unsigned char* p = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(0x1234);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
+  p = NULL;
+  EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
+}
+
+// const unsigned char*.
+TEST(PrintCharPointerTest, ConstUnsignedChar) {
+  const unsigned char* p = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(0x1234);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
+  p = NULL;
+  EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
+}
+
+// Tests printing pointers to simple, built-in types.
+
+// bool*.
+TEST(PrintPointerToBuiltInTypeTest, Bool) {
+  bool* p = reinterpret_cast<bool*>(0xABCD);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
+  p = NULL;
+  EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
+}
+
+// void*.
+TEST(PrintPointerToBuiltInTypeTest, Void) {
+  void* p = reinterpret_cast<void*>(0xABCD);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
+  p = NULL;
+  EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
+}
+
+// const void*.
+TEST(PrintPointerToBuiltInTypeTest, ConstVoid) {
+  const void* p = reinterpret_cast<const void*>(0xABCD);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
+  p = NULL;
+  EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
+}
+
+// Tests printing pointers to pointers.
+TEST(PrintPointerToPointerTest, IntPointerPointer) {
+  int** p = reinterpret_cast<int**>(0xABCD);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
+  p = NULL;
+  EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
+}
+
+// Tests printing (non-member) function pointers.
+
+void MyFunction(int /* n */) {}
+
+TEST(PrintPointerTest, NonMemberFunctionPointer) {
+  // We cannot directly cast &MyFunction to const void* because the
+  // standard disallows casting between pointers to functions and
+  // pointers to objects, and some compilers (e.g. GCC 3.4) enforce
+  // this limitation.
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      PrintPointer(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(
+          reinterpret_cast<internal::BiggestInt>(&MyFunction))),
+      Print(&MyFunction));
+  int (*p)(bool) = NULL;  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
+}
+
+// An assertion predicate determining whether a one string is a prefix for
+// another.
+template <typename StringType>
+AssertionResult HasPrefix(const StringType& str, const StringType& prefix) {
+  if (str.find(prefix, 0) == 0)
+    return AssertionSuccess();
+
+  const bool is_wide_string = sizeof(prefix[0]) > 1;
+  const char* const begin_string_quote = is_wide_string ? "L\"" : "\"";
+  return AssertionFailure()
+      << begin_string_quote << prefix << "\" is not a prefix of "
+      << begin_string_quote << str << "\"\n";
+}
+
+// Tests printing member variable pointers.  Although they are called
+// pointers, they don't point to a location in the address space.
+// Their representation is implementation-defined.  Thus they will be
+// printed as raw bytes.
+
+struct Foo {
+ public:
+  virtual ~Foo() {}
+  int MyMethod(char x) { return x + 1; }
+  virtual char MyVirtualMethod(int /* n */) { return 'a'; }
+
+  int value;
+};
+
+TEST(PrintPointerTest, MemberVariablePointer) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(Print(&Foo::value),
+                        Print(sizeof(&Foo::value)) + "-byte object "));
+  int (Foo::*p) = NULL;  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(Print(p),
+                        Print(sizeof(p)) + "-byte object "));
+}
+
+// Tests printing member function pointers.  Although they are called
+// pointers, they don't point to a location in the address space.
+// Their representation is implementation-defined.  Thus they will be
+// printed as raw bytes.
+TEST(PrintPointerTest, MemberFunctionPointer) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(Print(&Foo::MyMethod),
+                        Print(sizeof(&Foo::MyMethod)) + "-byte object "));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      HasPrefix(Print(&Foo::MyVirtualMethod),
+                Print(sizeof((&Foo::MyVirtualMethod))) + "-byte object "));
+  int (Foo::*p)(char) = NULL;  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(Print(p),
+                        Print(sizeof(p)) + "-byte object "));
+}
+
+// Tests printing C arrays.
+
+// The difference between this and Print() is that it ensures that the
+// argument is a reference to an array.
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+string PrintArrayHelper(T (&a)[N]) {
+  return Print(a);
+}
+
+// One-dimensional array.
+TEST(PrintArrayTest, OneDimensionalArray) {
+  int a[5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
+  EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }", PrintArrayHelper(a));
+}
+
+// Two-dimensional array.
+TEST(PrintArrayTest, TwoDimensionalArray) {
+  int a[2][5] = {
+    { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 },
+    { 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 }
+  };
+  EXPECT_EQ("{ { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }, { 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 } }", PrintArrayHelper(a));
+}
+
+// Array of const elements.
+TEST(PrintArrayTest, ConstArray) {
+  const bool a[1] = { false };
+  EXPECT_EQ("{ false }", PrintArrayHelper(a));
+}
+
+// char array without terminating NUL.
+TEST(PrintArrayTest, CharArrayWithNoTerminatingNul) {
+  // Array a contains '\0' in the middle and doesn't end with '\0'.
+  char a[] = { 'H', '\0', 'i' };
+  EXPECT_EQ("\"H\\0i\" (no terminating NUL)", PrintArrayHelper(a));
+}
+
+// const char array with terminating NUL.
+TEST(PrintArrayTest, ConstCharArrayWithTerminatingNul) {
+  const char a[] = "\0Hi";
+  EXPECT_EQ("\"\\0Hi\"", PrintArrayHelper(a));
+}
+
+// const wchar_t array without terminating NUL.
+TEST(PrintArrayTest, WCharArrayWithNoTerminatingNul) {
+  // Array a contains '\0' in the middle and doesn't end with '\0'.
+  const wchar_t a[] = { L'H', L'\0', L'i' };
+  EXPECT_EQ("L\"H\\0i\" (no terminating NUL)", PrintArrayHelper(a));
+}
+
+// wchar_t array with terminating NUL.
+TEST(PrintArrayTest, WConstCharArrayWithTerminatingNul) {
+  const wchar_t a[] = L"\0Hi";
+  EXPECT_EQ("L\"\\0Hi\"", PrintArrayHelper(a));
+}
+
+// Array of objects.
+TEST(PrintArrayTest, ObjectArray) {
+  string a[3] = { "Hi", "Hello", "Ni hao" };
+  EXPECT_EQ("{ \"Hi\", \"Hello\", \"Ni hao\" }", PrintArrayHelper(a));
+}
+
+// Array with many elements.
+TEST(PrintArrayTest, BigArray) {
+  int a[100] = { 1, 2, 3 };
+  EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ..., 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }",
+            PrintArrayHelper(a));
+}
+
+// Tests printing ::string and ::std::string.
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+// ::string.
+TEST(PrintStringTest, StringInGlobalNamespace) {
+  const char s[] = "'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\0\r\t\v\x7F\xFF a";
+  const ::string str(s, sizeof(s));
+  EXPECT_EQ("\"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f\\n\\0\\r\\t\\v\\x7F\\xFF a\\0\"",
+            Print(str));
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+// ::std::string.
+TEST(PrintStringTest, StringInStdNamespace) {
+  const char s[] = "'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\0\r\t\v\x7F\xFF a";
+  const ::std::string str(s, sizeof(s));
+  EXPECT_EQ("\"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f\\n\\0\\r\\t\\v\\x7F\\xFF a\\0\"",
+            Print(str));
+}
+
+TEST(PrintStringTest, StringAmbiguousHex) {
+  // "\x6BANANA" is ambiguous, it can be interpreted as starting with either of:
+  // '\x6', '\x6B', or '\x6BA'.
+
+  // a hex escaping sequence following by a decimal digit
+  EXPECT_EQ("\"0\\x12\" \"3\"", Print(::std::string("0\x12" "3")));
+  // a hex escaping sequence following by a hex digit (lower-case)
+  EXPECT_EQ("\"mm\\x6\" \"bananas\"", Print(::std::string("mm\x6" "bananas")));
+  // a hex escaping sequence following by a hex digit (upper-case)
+  EXPECT_EQ("\"NOM\\x6\" \"BANANA\"", Print(::std::string("NOM\x6" "BANANA")));
+  // a hex escaping sequence following by a non-xdigit
+  EXPECT_EQ("\"!\\x5-!\"", Print(::std::string("!\x5-!")));
+}
+
+// Tests printing ::wstring and ::std::wstring.
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+// ::wstring.
+TEST(PrintWideStringTest, StringInGlobalNamespace) {
+  const wchar_t s[] = L"'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\0\r\t\v\xD3\x576\x8D3\xC74D a";
+  const ::wstring str(s, sizeof(s)/sizeof(wchar_t));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L\"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f\\n\\0\\r\\t\\v"
+            "\\xD3\\x576\\x8D3\\xC74D a\\0\"",
+            Print(str));
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+// ::std::wstring.
+TEST(PrintWideStringTest, StringInStdNamespace) {
+  const wchar_t s[] = L"'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\0\r\t\v\xD3\x576\x8D3\xC74D a";
+  const ::std::wstring str(s, sizeof(s)/sizeof(wchar_t));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L\"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f\\n\\0\\r\\t\\v"
+            "\\xD3\\x576\\x8D3\\xC74D a\\0\"",
+            Print(str));
+}
+
+TEST(PrintWideStringTest, StringAmbiguousHex) {
+  // same for wide strings.
+  EXPECT_EQ("L\"0\\x12\" L\"3\"", Print(::std::wstring(L"0\x12" L"3")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L\"mm\\x6\" L\"bananas\"",
+            Print(::std::wstring(L"mm\x6" L"bananas")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L\"NOM\\x6\" L\"BANANA\"",
+            Print(::std::wstring(L"NOM\x6" L"BANANA")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L\"!\\x5-!\"", Print(::std::wstring(L"!\x5-!")));
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+
+// Tests printing types that support generic streaming (i.e. streaming
+// to std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits> for any valid Char and
+// CharTraits types).
+
+// Tests printing a non-template type that supports generic streaming.
+
+class AllowsGenericStreaming {};
+
+template <typename Char, typename CharTraits>
+std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& operator<<(
+    std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& os,
+    const AllowsGenericStreaming& /* a */) {
+  return os << "AllowsGenericStreaming";
+}
+
+TEST(PrintTypeWithGenericStreamingTest, NonTemplateType) {
+  AllowsGenericStreaming a;
+  EXPECT_EQ("AllowsGenericStreaming", Print(a));
+}
+
+// Tests printing a template type that supports generic streaming.
+
+template <typename T>
+class AllowsGenericStreamingTemplate {};
+
+template <typename Char, typename CharTraits, typename T>
+std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& operator<<(
+    std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& os,
+    const AllowsGenericStreamingTemplate<T>& /* a */) {
+  return os << "AllowsGenericStreamingTemplate";
+}
+
+TEST(PrintTypeWithGenericStreamingTest, TemplateType) {
+  AllowsGenericStreamingTemplate<int> a;
+  EXPECT_EQ("AllowsGenericStreamingTemplate", Print(a));
+}
+
+// Tests printing a type that supports generic streaming and can be
+// implicitly converted to another printable type.
+
+template <typename T>
+class AllowsGenericStreamingAndImplicitConversionTemplate {
+ public:
+  operator bool() const { return false; }
+};
+
+template <typename Char, typename CharTraits, typename T>
+std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& operator<<(
+    std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& os,
+    const AllowsGenericStreamingAndImplicitConversionTemplate<T>& /* a */) {
+  return os << "AllowsGenericStreamingAndImplicitConversionTemplate";
+}
+
+TEST(PrintTypeWithGenericStreamingTest, TypeImplicitlyConvertible) {
+  AllowsGenericStreamingAndImplicitConversionTemplate<int> a;
+  EXPECT_EQ("AllowsGenericStreamingAndImplicitConversionTemplate", Print(a));
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STRING_PIECE_
+
+// Tests printing StringPiece.
+
+TEST(PrintStringPieceTest, SimpleStringPiece) {
+  const StringPiece sp = "Hello";
+  EXPECT_EQ("\"Hello\"", Print(sp));
+}
+
+TEST(PrintStringPieceTest, UnprintableCharacters) {
+  const char str[] = "NUL (\0) and \r\t";
+  const StringPiece sp(str, sizeof(str) - 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ("\"NUL (\\0) and \\r\\t\"", Print(sp));
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STRING_PIECE_
+
+// Tests printing STL containers.
+
+TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, EmptyDeque) {
+  deque<char> empty;
+  EXPECT_EQ("{}", Print(empty));
+}
+
+TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, NonEmptyDeque) {
+  deque<int> non_empty;
+  non_empty.push_back(1);
+  non_empty.push_back(3);
+  EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 3 }", Print(non_empty));
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_
+
+TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, OneElementHashMap) {
+  hash_map<int, char> map1;
+  map1[1] = 'a';
+  EXPECT_EQ("{ (1, 'a' (97, 0x61)) }", Print(map1));
+}
+
+TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, HashMultiMap) {
+  hash_multimap<int, bool> map1;
+  map1.insert(make_pair(5, true));
+  map1.insert(make_pair(5, false));
+
+  // Elements of hash_multimap can be printed in any order.
+  const string result = Print(map1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(result == "{ (5, true), (5, false) }" ||
+              result == "{ (5, false), (5, true) }")
+                  << " where Print(map1) returns \"" << result << "\".";
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_HASH_SET_
+
+TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, HashSet) {
+  hash_set<string> set1;
+  set1.insert("hello");
+  EXPECT_EQ("{ \"hello\" }", Print(set1));
+}
+
+TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, HashMultiSet) {
+  const int kSize = 5;
+  int a[kSize] = { 1, 1, 2, 5, 1 };
+  hash_multiset<int> set1(a, a + kSize);
+
+  // Elements of hash_multiset can be printed in any order.
+  const string result = Print(set1);
+  const string expected_pattern = "{ d, d, d, d, d }";  // d means a digit.
+
+  // Verifies the result matches the expected pattern; also extracts
+  // the numbers in the result.
+  ASSERT_EQ(expected_pattern.length(), result.length());
+  std::vector<int> numbers;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i != result.length(); i++) {
+    if (expected_pattern[i] == 'd') {
+      ASSERT_NE(isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(result[i])), 0);
+      numbers.push_back(result[i] - '0');
+    } else {
+      EXPECT_EQ(expected_pattern[i], result[i]) << " where result is "
+                                                << result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Makes sure the result contains the right numbers.
+  std::sort(numbers.begin(), numbers.end());
+  std::sort(a, a + kSize);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(a, a + kSize, numbers.begin()));
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_HASH_SET_
+
+TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, List) {
+  const string a[] = {
+    "hello",
+    "world"
+  };
+  const list<string> strings(a, a + 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ("{ \"hello\", \"world\" }", Print(strings));
+}
+
+TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, Map) {
+  map<int, bool> map1;
+  map1[1] = true;
+  map1[5] = false;
+  map1[3] = true;
+  EXPECT_EQ("{ (1, true), (3, true), (5, false) }", Print(map1));
+}
+
+TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, MultiMap) {
+  multimap<bool, int> map1;
+  // The make_pair template function would deduce the type as
+  // pair<bool, int> here, and since the key part in a multimap has to
+  // be constant, without a templated ctor in the pair class (as in
+  // libCstd on Solaris), make_pair call would fail to compile as no
+  // implicit conversion is found.  Thus explicit typename is used
+  // here instead.
+  map1.insert(pair<const bool, int>(true, 0));
+  map1.insert(pair<const bool, int>(true, 1));
+  map1.insert(pair<const bool, int>(false, 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("{ (false, 2), (true, 0), (true, 1) }", Print(map1));
+}
+
+TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, Set) {
+  const unsigned int a[] = { 3, 0, 5 };
+  set<unsigned int> set1(a, a + 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ("{ 0, 3, 5 }", Print(set1));
+}
+
+TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, MultiSet) {
+  const int a[] = { 1, 1, 2, 5, 1 };
+  multiset<int> set1(a, a + 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 1, 1, 2, 5 }", Print(set1));
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_
+// <slist> is available on Linux in the google3 mode, but not on
+// Windows or Mac OS X.
+
+TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, SinglyLinkedList) {
+  int a[] = { 9, 2, 8 };
+  const std::forward_list<int> ints(a, a + 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ("{ 9, 2, 8 }", Print(ints));
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_
+
+TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, Pair) {
+  pair<const bool, int> p(true, 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ("(true, 5)", Print(p));
+}
+
+TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, Vector) {
+  vector<int> v;
+  v.push_back(1);
+  v.push_back(2);
+  EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2 }", Print(v));
+}
+
+TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, LongSequence) {
+  const int a[100] = { 1, 2, 3 };
+  const vector<int> v(a, a + 100);
+  EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, "
+            "0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ... }", Print(v));
+}
+
+TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, NestedContainer) {
+  const int a1[] = { 1, 2 };
+  const int a2[] = { 3, 4, 5 };
+  const list<int> l1(a1, a1 + 2);
+  const list<int> l2(a2, a2 + 3);
+
+  vector<list<int> > v;
+  v.push_back(l1);
+  v.push_back(l2);
+  EXPECT_EQ("{ { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4, 5 } }", Print(v));
+}
+
+TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, OneDimensionalNativeArray) {
+  const int a[3] = { 1, 2, 3 };
+  NativeArray<int> b(a, 3, RelationToSourceReference());
+  EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2, 3 }", Print(b));
+}
+
+TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, TwoDimensionalNativeArray) {
+  const int a[2][3] = { { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } };
+  NativeArray<int[3]> b(a, 2, RelationToSourceReference());
+  EXPECT_EQ("{ { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } }", Print(b));
+}
+
+// Tests that a class named iterator isn't treated as a container.
+
+struct iterator {
+  char x;
+};
+
+TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, Iterator) {
+  iterator it = {};
+  EXPECT_EQ("1-byte object <00>", Print(it));
+}
+
+// Tests that a class named const_iterator isn't treated as a container.
+
+struct const_iterator {
+  char x;
+};
+
+TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, ConstIterator) {
+  const_iterator it = {};
+  EXPECT_EQ("1-byte object <00>", Print(it));
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+// Tests printing ::std::tr1::tuples.
+
+// Tuples of various arities.
+TEST(PrintTr1TupleTest, VariousSizes) {
+  ::std::tr1::tuple<> t0;
+  EXPECT_EQ("()", Print(t0));
+
+  ::std::tr1::tuple<int> t1(5);
+  EXPECT_EQ("(5)", Print(t1));
+
+  ::std::tr1::tuple<char, bool> t2('a', true);
+  EXPECT_EQ("('a' (97, 0x61), true)", Print(t2));
+
+  ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int> t3(false, 2, 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3)", Print(t3));
+
+  ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int> t4(false, 2, 3, 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4)", Print(t4));
+
+  ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool> t5(false, 2, 3, 4, true);
+  EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true)", Print(t5));
+
+  ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int> t6(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6);
+  EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6)", Print(t6));
+
+  ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int> t7(
+      false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7);
+  EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7)", Print(t7));
+
+  ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int, bool> t8(
+      false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true);
+  EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true)", Print(t8));
+
+  ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int, bool, int> t9(
+      false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true, 9);
+  EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true, 9)", Print(t9));
+
+  const char* const str = "8";
+  // VC++ 2010's implementation of tuple of C++0x is deficient, requiring
+  // an explicit type cast of NULL to be used.
+  ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, char, short, testing::internal::Int32,  // NOLINT
+      testing::internal::Int64, float, double, const char*, void*, string>
+      t10(false, 'a', 3, 4, 5, 1.5F, -2.5, str,
+          ImplicitCast_<void*>(NULL), "10");
+  EXPECT_EQ("(false, 'a' (97, 0x61), 3, 4, 5, 1.5, -2.5, " + PrintPointer(str) +
+            " pointing to \"8\", NULL, \"10\")",
+            Print(t10));
+}
+
+// Nested tuples.
+TEST(PrintTr1TupleTest, NestedTuple) {
+  ::std::tr1::tuple< ::std::tr1::tuple<int, bool>, char> nested(
+      ::std::tr1::make_tuple(5, true), 'a');
+  EXPECT_EQ("((5, true), 'a' (97, 0x61))", Print(nested));
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+// Tests printing ::std::tuples.
+
+// Tuples of various arities.
+TEST(PrintStdTupleTest, VariousSizes) {
+  ::std::tuple<> t0;
+  EXPECT_EQ("()", Print(t0));
+
+  ::std::tuple<int> t1(5);
+  EXPECT_EQ("(5)", Print(t1));
+
+  ::std::tuple<char, bool> t2('a', true);
+  EXPECT_EQ("('a' (97, 0x61), true)", Print(t2));
+
+  ::std::tuple<bool, int, int> t3(false, 2, 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3)", Print(t3));
+
+  ::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int> t4(false, 2, 3, 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4)", Print(t4));
+
+  ::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool> t5(false, 2, 3, 4, true);
+  EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true)", Print(t5));
+
+  ::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int> t6(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6);
+  EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6)", Print(t6));
+
+  ::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int> t7(
+      false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7);
+  EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7)", Print(t7));
+
+  ::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int, bool> t8(
+      false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true);
+  EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true)", Print(t8));
+
+  ::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int, bool, int> t9(
+      false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true, 9);
+  EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true, 9)", Print(t9));
+
+  const char* const str = "8";
+  // VC++ 2010's implementation of tuple of C++0x is deficient, requiring
+  // an explicit type cast of NULL to be used.
+  ::std::tuple<bool, char, short, testing::internal::Int32,  // NOLINT
+      testing::internal::Int64, float, double, const char*, void*, string>
+      t10(false, 'a', 3, 4, 5, 1.5F, -2.5, str,
+          ImplicitCast_<void*>(NULL), "10");
+  EXPECT_EQ("(false, 'a' (97, 0x61), 3, 4, 5, 1.5, -2.5, " + PrintPointer(str) +
+            " pointing to \"8\", NULL, \"10\")",
+            Print(t10));
+}
+
+// Nested tuples.
+TEST(PrintStdTupleTest, NestedTuple) {
+  ::std::tuple< ::std::tuple<int, bool>, char> nested(
+      ::std::make_tuple(5, true), 'a');
+  EXPECT_EQ("((5, true), 'a' (97, 0x61))", Print(nested));
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+
+// Tests printing user-defined unprintable types.
+
+// Unprintable types in the global namespace.
+TEST(PrintUnprintableTypeTest, InGlobalNamespace) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("1-byte object <00>",
+            Print(UnprintableTemplateInGlobal<char>()));
+}
+
+// Unprintable types in a user namespace.
+TEST(PrintUnprintableTypeTest, InUserNamespace) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("16-byte object <EF-12 00-00 34-AB 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00>",
+            Print(::foo::UnprintableInFoo()));
+}
+
+// Unprintable types are that too big to be printed completely.
+
+struct Big {
+  Big() { memset(array, 0, sizeof(array)); }
+  char array[257];
+};
+
+TEST(PrintUnpritableTypeTest, BigObject) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("257-byte object <00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
+            "00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
+            "00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
+            "00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 ... 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
+            "00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
+            "00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
+            "00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00>",
+            Print(Big()));
+}
+
+// Tests printing user-defined streamable types.
+
+// Streamable types in the global namespace.
+TEST(PrintStreamableTypeTest, InGlobalNamespace) {
+  StreamableInGlobal x;
+  EXPECT_EQ("StreamableInGlobal", Print(x));
+  EXPECT_EQ("StreamableInGlobal*", Print(&x));
+}
+
+// Printable template types in a user namespace.
+TEST(PrintStreamableTypeTest, TemplateTypeInUserNamespace) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("StreamableTemplateInFoo: 0",
+            Print(::foo::StreamableTemplateInFoo<int>()));
+}
+
+// Tests printing user-defined types that have a PrintTo() function.
+TEST(PrintPrintableTypeTest, InUserNamespace) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("PrintableViaPrintTo: 0",
+            Print(::foo::PrintableViaPrintTo()));
+}
+
+// Tests printing a pointer to a user-defined type that has a <<
+// operator for its pointer.
+TEST(PrintPrintableTypeTest, PointerInUserNamespace) {
+  ::foo::PointerPrintable x;
+  EXPECT_EQ("PointerPrintable*", Print(&x));
+}
+
+// Tests printing user-defined class template that have a PrintTo() function.
+TEST(PrintPrintableTypeTest, TemplateInUserNamespace) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("PrintableViaPrintToTemplate: 5",
+            Print(::foo::PrintableViaPrintToTemplate<int>(5)));
+}
+
+// Tests that the universal printer prints both the address and the
+// value of a reference.
+TEST(PrintReferenceTest, PrintsAddressAndValue) {
+  int n = 5;
+  EXPECT_EQ("@" + PrintPointer(&n) + " 5", PrintByRef(n));
+
+  int a[2][3] = {
+    { 0, 1, 2 },
+    { 3, 4, 5 }
+  };
+  EXPECT_EQ("@" + PrintPointer(a) + " { { 0, 1, 2 }, { 3, 4, 5 } }",
+            PrintByRef(a));
+
+  const ::foo::UnprintableInFoo x;
+  EXPECT_EQ("@" + PrintPointer(&x) + " 16-byte object "
+            "<EF-12 00-00 34-AB 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00>",
+            PrintByRef(x));
+}
+
+// Tests that the universal printer prints a function pointer passed by
+// reference.
+TEST(PrintReferenceTest, HandlesFunctionPointer) {
+  void (*fp)(int n) = &MyFunction;
+  const string fp_pointer_string =
+      PrintPointer(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&fp));
+  // We cannot directly cast &MyFunction to const void* because the
+  // standard disallows casting between pointers to functions and
+  // pointers to objects, and some compilers (e.g. GCC 3.4) enforce
+  // this limitation.
+  const string fp_string = PrintPointer(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(
+      reinterpret_cast<internal::BiggestInt>(fp)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("@" + fp_pointer_string + " " + fp_string,
+            PrintByRef(fp));
+}
+
+// Tests that the universal printer prints a member function pointer
+// passed by reference.
+TEST(PrintReferenceTest, HandlesMemberFunctionPointer) {
+  int (Foo::*p)(char ch) = &Foo::MyMethod;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(
+      PrintByRef(p),
+      "@" + PrintPointer(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&p)) + " " +
+          Print(sizeof(p)) + "-byte object "));
+
+  char (Foo::*p2)(int n) = &Foo::MyVirtualMethod;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(
+      PrintByRef(p2),
+      "@" + PrintPointer(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&p2)) + " " +
+          Print(sizeof(p2)) + "-byte object "));
+}
+
+// Tests that the universal printer prints a member variable pointer
+// passed by reference.
+TEST(PrintReferenceTest, HandlesMemberVariablePointer) {
+  int (Foo::*p) = &Foo::value;  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(
+      PrintByRef(p),
+      "@" + PrintPointer(&p) + " " + Print(sizeof(p)) + "-byte object "));
+}
+
+// Tests that FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(), which is used to print
+// an operand in a comparison assertion (e.g. ASSERT_EQ) when the assertion
+// fails, formats the operand in the desired way.
+
+// scalar
+TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForScalar) {
+  EXPECT_STREQ("123",
+               FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(123, 124).c_str());
+}
+
+// non-char pointer
+TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForNonCharPointer) {
+  int n = 0;
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(&n),
+            FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(&n, &n).c_str());
+}
+
+// non-char array
+TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, FormatsNonCharArrayAsPointer) {
+  // In expression 'array == x', 'array' is compared by pointer.
+  // Therefore we want to print an array operand as a pointer.
+  int n[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(n),
+            FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(n, n).c_str());
+}
+
+// Tests formatting a char pointer when it's compared with another pointer.
+// In this case we want to print it as a raw pointer, as the comparision is by
+// pointer.
+
+// char pointer vs pointer
+TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharPointerVsPointer) {
+  // In expression 'p == x', where 'p' and 'x' are (const or not) char
+  // pointers, the operands are compared by pointer.  Therefore we
+  // want to print 'p' as a pointer instead of a C string (we don't
+  // even know if it's supposed to point to a valid C string).
+
+  // const char*
+  const char* s = "hello";
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(s),
+            FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, s).c_str());
+
+  // char*
+  char ch = 'a';
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(&ch),
+            FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(&ch, &ch).c_str());
+}
+
+// wchar_t pointer vs pointer
+TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharPointerVsPointer) {
+  // In expression 'p == x', where 'p' and 'x' are (const or not) char
+  // pointers, the operands are compared by pointer.  Therefore we
+  // want to print 'p' as a pointer instead of a wide C string (we don't
+  // even know if it's supposed to point to a valid wide C string).
+
+  // const wchar_t*
+  const wchar_t* s = L"hello";
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(s),
+            FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, s).c_str());
+
+  // wchar_t*
+  wchar_t ch = L'a';
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(&ch),
+            FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(&ch, &ch).c_str());
+}
+
+// Tests formatting a char pointer when it's compared to a string object.
+// In this case we want to print the char pointer as a C string.
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+// char pointer vs ::string
+TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharPointerVsString) {
+  const char* s = "hello \"world";
+  EXPECT_STREQ("\"hello \\\"world\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
+               FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, ::string()).c_str());
+
+  // char*
+  char str[] = "hi\1";
+  char* p = str;
+  EXPECT_STREQ("\"hi\\x1\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
+               FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(p, ::string()).c_str());
+}
+#endif
+
+// char pointer vs std::string
+TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharPointerVsStdString) {
+  const char* s = "hello \"world";
+  EXPECT_STREQ("\"hello \\\"world\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
+               FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, ::std::string()).c_str());
+
+  // char*
+  char str[] = "hi\1";
+  char* p = str;
+  EXPECT_STREQ("\"hi\\x1\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
+               FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(p, ::std::string()).c_str());
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+// wchar_t pointer vs ::wstring
+TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharPointerVsWString) {
+  const wchar_t* s = L"hi \"world";
+  EXPECT_STREQ("L\"hi \\\"world\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
+               FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, ::wstring()).c_str());
+
+  // wchar_t*
+  wchar_t str[] = L"hi\1";
+  wchar_t* p = str;
+  EXPECT_STREQ("L\"hi\\x1\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
+               FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(p, ::wstring()).c_str());
+}
+#endif
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+// wchar_t pointer vs std::wstring
+TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharPointerVsStdWString) {
+  const wchar_t* s = L"hi \"world";
+  EXPECT_STREQ("L\"hi \\\"world\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
+               FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, ::std::wstring()).c_str());
+
+  // wchar_t*
+  wchar_t str[] = L"hi\1";
+  wchar_t* p = str;
+  EXPECT_STREQ("L\"hi\\x1\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
+               FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(p, ::std::wstring()).c_str());
+}
+#endif
+
+// Tests formatting a char array when it's compared with a pointer or array.
+// In this case we want to print the array as a row pointer, as the comparison
+// is by pointer.
+
+// char array vs pointer
+TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharArrayVsPointer) {
+  char str[] = "hi \"world\"";
+  char* p = NULL;
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(str),
+            FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, p).c_str());
+}
+
+// char array vs char array
+TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharArrayVsCharArray) {
+  const char str[] = "hi \"world\"";
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(str),
+            FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, str).c_str());
+}
+
+// wchar_t array vs pointer
+TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharArrayVsPointer) {
+  wchar_t str[] = L"hi \"world\"";
+  wchar_t* p = NULL;
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(str),
+            FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, p).c_str());
+}
+
+// wchar_t array vs wchar_t array
+TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharArrayVsWCharArray) {
+  const wchar_t str[] = L"hi \"world\"";
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(str),
+            FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, str).c_str());
+}
+
+// Tests formatting a char array when it's compared with a string object.
+// In this case we want to print the array as a C string.
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+// char array vs string
+TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharArrayVsString) {
+  const char str[] = "hi \"w\0rld\"";
+  EXPECT_STREQ("\"hi \\\"w\"",  // The content should be escaped.
+                                // Embedded NUL terminates the string.
+               FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, ::string()).c_str());
+}
+#endif
+
+// char array vs std::string
+TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharArrayVsStdString) {
+  const char str[] = "hi \"world\"";
+  EXPECT_STREQ("\"hi \\\"world\\\"\"",  // The content should be escaped.
+               FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, ::std::string()).c_str());
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+// wchar_t array vs wstring
+TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharArrayVsWString) {
+  const wchar_t str[] = L"hi \"world\"";
+  EXPECT_STREQ("L\"hi \\\"world\\\"\"",  // The content should be escaped.
+               FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, ::wstring()).c_str());
+}
+#endif
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+// wchar_t array vs std::wstring
+TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharArrayVsStdWString) {
+  const wchar_t str[] = L"hi \"w\0rld\"";
+  EXPECT_STREQ(
+      "L\"hi \\\"w\"",  // The content should be escaped.
+                        // Embedded NUL terminates the string.
+      FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, ::std::wstring()).c_str());
+}
+#endif
+
+// Useful for testing PrintToString().  We cannot use EXPECT_EQ()
+// there as its implementation uses PrintToString().  The caller must
+// ensure that 'value' has no side effect.
+#define EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(value, expected_string)         \
+  EXPECT_TRUE(PrintToString(value) == (expected_string))        \
+      << " where " #value " prints as " << (PrintToString(value))
+
+TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForScalar) {
+  EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(123, "123");
+}
+
+TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForPointerToConstChar) {
+  const char* p = "hello";
+  EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(p, "\"hello\"");
+}
+
+TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForPointerToNonConstChar) {
+  char s[] = "hello";
+  char* p = s;
+  EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(p, "\"hello\"");
+}
+
+TEST(PrintToStringTest, EscapesForPointerToConstChar) {
+  const char* p = "hello\n";
+  EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(p, "\"hello\\n\"");
+}
+
+TEST(PrintToStringTest, EscapesForPointerToNonConstChar) {
+  char s[] = "hello\1";
+  char* p = s;
+  EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(p, "\"hello\\x1\"");
+}
+
+TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForArray) {
+  int n[3] = { 1, 2, 3 };
+  EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(n, "{ 1, 2, 3 }");
+}
+
+TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForCharArray) {
+  char s[] = "hello";
+  EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(s, "\"hello\"");
+}
+
+TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForCharArrayWithEmbeddedNul) {
+  const char str_with_nul[] = "hello\0 world";
+  EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(str_with_nul, "\"hello\\0 world\"");
+
+  char mutable_str_with_nul[] = "hello\0 world";
+  EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(mutable_str_with_nul, "\"hello\\0 world\"");
+}
+
+#undef EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_
+
+TEST(UniversalTersePrintTest, WorksForNonReference) {
+  ::std::stringstream ss;
+  UniversalTersePrint(123, &ss);
+  EXPECT_EQ("123", ss.str());
+}
+
+TEST(UniversalTersePrintTest, WorksForReference) {
+  const int& n = 123;
+  ::std::stringstream ss;
+  UniversalTersePrint(n, &ss);
+  EXPECT_EQ("123", ss.str());
+}
+
+TEST(UniversalTersePrintTest, WorksForCString) {
+  const char* s1 = "abc";
+  ::std::stringstream ss1;
+  UniversalTersePrint(s1, &ss1);
+  EXPECT_EQ("\"abc\"", ss1.str());
+
+  char* s2 = const_cast<char*>(s1);
+  ::std::stringstream ss2;
+  UniversalTersePrint(s2, &ss2);
+  EXPECT_EQ("\"abc\"", ss2.str());
+
+  const char* s3 = NULL;
+  ::std::stringstream ss3;
+  UniversalTersePrint(s3, &ss3);
+  EXPECT_EQ("NULL", ss3.str());
+}
+
+TEST(UniversalPrintTest, WorksForNonReference) {
+  ::std::stringstream ss;
+  UniversalPrint(123, &ss);
+  EXPECT_EQ("123", ss.str());
+}
+
+TEST(UniversalPrintTest, WorksForReference) {
+  const int& n = 123;
+  ::std::stringstream ss;
+  UniversalPrint(n, &ss);
+  EXPECT_EQ("123", ss.str());
+}
+
+TEST(UniversalPrintTest, WorksForCString) {
+  const char* s1 = "abc";
+  ::std::stringstream ss1;
+  UniversalPrint(s1, &ss1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(s1) + " pointing to \"abc\"", string(ss1.str()));
+
+  char* s2 = const_cast<char*>(s1);
+  ::std::stringstream ss2;
+  UniversalPrint(s2, &ss2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(s2) + " pointing to \"abc\"", string(ss2.str()));
+
+  const char* s3 = NULL;
+  ::std::stringstream ss3;
+  UniversalPrint(s3, &ss3);
+  EXPECT_EQ("NULL", ss3.str());
+}
+
+TEST(UniversalPrintTest, WorksForCharArray) {
+  const char str[] = "\"Line\0 1\"\nLine 2";
+  ::std::stringstream ss1;
+  UniversalPrint(str, &ss1);
+  EXPECT_EQ("\"\\\"Line\\0 1\\\"\\nLine 2\"", ss1.str());
+
+  const char mutable_str[] = "\"Line\0 1\"\nLine 2";
+  ::std::stringstream ss2;
+  UniversalPrint(mutable_str, &ss2);
+  EXPECT_EQ("\"\\\"Line\\0 1\\\"\\nLine 2\"", ss2.str());
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+
+TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithTr1, PrintsEmptyTuple) {
+  Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
+      ::std::tr1::make_tuple());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0u, result.size());
+}
+
+TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithTr1, PrintsOneTuple) {
+  Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
+      ::std::tr1::make_tuple(1));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1u, result.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
+}
+
+TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithTr1, PrintsTwoTuple) {
+  Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
+      ::std::tr1::make_tuple(1, 'a'));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2u, result.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ("'a' (97, 0x61)", result[1]);
+}
+
+TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithTr1, PrintsTersely) {
+  const int n = 1;
+  Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
+      ::std::tr1::tuple<const int&, const char*>(n, "a"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2u, result.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ("\"a\"", result[1]);
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+
+TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithStd, PrintsEmptyTuple) {
+  Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(::std::make_tuple());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0u, result.size());
+}
+
+TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithStd, PrintsOneTuple) {
+  Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
+      ::std::make_tuple(1));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1u, result.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
+}
+
+TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithStd, PrintsTwoTuple) {
+  Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
+      ::std::make_tuple(1, 'a'));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2u, result.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ("'a' (97, 0x61)", result[1]);
+}
+
+TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithStd, PrintsTersely) {
+  const int n = 1;
+  Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
+      ::std::tuple<const int&, const char*>(n, "a"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2u, result.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ("\"a\"", result[1]);
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+
+}  // namespace gtest_printers_test
+}  // namespace testing
+
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-test-part_test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-test-part_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ca8ba933aef9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-test-part_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+// All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: mheule@google.com (Markus Heule)
+//
+
+#include "gtest/gtest-test-part.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+using testing::Message;
+using testing::Test;
+using testing::TestPartResult;
+using testing::TestPartResultArray;
+
+namespace {
+
+// Tests the TestPartResult class.
+
+// The test fixture for testing TestPartResult.
+class TestPartResultTest : public Test {
+ protected:
+  TestPartResultTest()
+      : r1_(TestPartResult::kSuccess, "foo/bar.cc", 10, "Success!"),
+        r2_(TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure, "foo/bar.cc", -1, "Failure!"),
+        r3_(TestPartResult::kFatalFailure, NULL, -1, "Failure!") {}
+
+  TestPartResult r1_, r2_, r3_;
+};
+
+
+TEST_F(TestPartResultTest, ConstructorWorks) {
+  Message message;
+  message << "something is terribly wrong";
+  message << static_cast<const char*>(testing::internal::kStackTraceMarker);
+  message << "some unimportant stack trace";
+
+  const TestPartResult result(TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure,
+                              "some_file.cc",
+                              42,
+                              message.GetString().c_str());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure, result.type());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("some_file.cc", result.file_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, result.line_number());
+  EXPECT_STREQ(message.GetString().c_str(), result.message());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("something is terribly wrong", result.summary());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestPartResultTest, ResultAccessorsWork) {
+  const TestPartResult success(TestPartResult::kSuccess,
+                               "file.cc",
+                               42,
+                               "message");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(success.passed());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(success.failed());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(success.nonfatally_failed());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(success.fatally_failed());
+
+  const TestPartResult nonfatal_failure(TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure,
+                                        "file.cc",
+                                        42,
+                                        "message");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(nonfatal_failure.passed());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nonfatal_failure.failed());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nonfatal_failure.nonfatally_failed());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(nonfatal_failure.fatally_failed());
+
+  const TestPartResult fatal_failure(TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
+                                     "file.cc",
+                                     42,
+                                     "message");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fatal_failure.passed());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fatal_failure.failed());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fatal_failure.nonfatally_failed());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fatal_failure.fatally_failed());
+}
+
+// Tests TestPartResult::type().
+TEST_F(TestPartResultTest, type) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(TestPartResult::kSuccess, r1_.type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure, r2_.type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(TestPartResult::kFatalFailure, r3_.type());
+}
+
+// Tests TestPartResult::file_name().
+TEST_F(TestPartResultTest, file_name) {
+  EXPECT_STREQ("foo/bar.cc", r1_.file_name());
+  EXPECT_STREQ(NULL, r3_.file_name());
+}
+
+// Tests TestPartResult::line_number().
+TEST_F(TestPartResultTest, line_number) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, r1_.line_number());
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, r2_.line_number());
+}
+
+// Tests TestPartResult::message().
+TEST_F(TestPartResultTest, message) {
+  EXPECT_STREQ("Success!", r1_.message());
+}
+
+// Tests TestPartResult::passed().
+TEST_F(TestPartResultTest, Passed) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(r1_.passed());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(r2_.passed());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(r3_.passed());
+}
+
+// Tests TestPartResult::failed().
+TEST_F(TestPartResultTest, Failed) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(r1_.failed());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(r2_.failed());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(r3_.failed());
+}
+
+// Tests TestPartResult::fatally_failed().
+TEST_F(TestPartResultTest, FatallyFailed) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(r1_.fatally_failed());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(r2_.fatally_failed());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(r3_.fatally_failed());
+}
+
+// Tests TestPartResult::nonfatally_failed().
+TEST_F(TestPartResultTest, NonfatallyFailed) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(r1_.nonfatally_failed());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(r2_.nonfatally_failed());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(r3_.nonfatally_failed());
+}
+
+// Tests the TestPartResultArray class.
+
+class TestPartResultArrayTest : public Test {
+ protected:
+  TestPartResultArrayTest()
+      : r1_(TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure, "foo/bar.cc", -1, "Failure 1"),
+        r2_(TestPartResult::kFatalFailure, "foo/bar.cc", -1, "Failure 2") {}
+
+  const TestPartResult r1_, r2_;
+};
+
+// Tests that TestPartResultArray initially has size 0.
+TEST_F(TestPartResultArrayTest, InitialSizeIsZero) {
+  TestPartResultArray results;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, results.size());
+}
+
+// Tests that TestPartResultArray contains the given TestPartResult
+// after one Append() operation.
+TEST_F(TestPartResultArrayTest, ContainsGivenResultAfterAppend) {
+  TestPartResultArray results;
+  results.Append(r1_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, results.size());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("Failure 1", results.GetTestPartResult(0).message());
+}
+
+// Tests that TestPartResultArray contains the given TestPartResults
+// after two Append() operations.
+TEST_F(TestPartResultArrayTest, ContainsGivenResultsAfterTwoAppends) {
+  TestPartResultArray results;
+  results.Append(r1_);
+  results.Append(r2_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, results.size());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("Failure 1", results.GetTestPartResult(0).message());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("Failure 2", results.GetTestPartResult(1).message());
+}
+
+typedef TestPartResultArrayTest TestPartResultArrayDeathTest;
+
+// Tests that the program dies when GetTestPartResult() is called with
+// an invalid index.
+TEST_F(TestPartResultArrayDeathTest, DiesWhenIndexIsOutOfBound) {
+  TestPartResultArray results;
+  results.Append(r1_);
+
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(results.GetTestPartResult(-1), "");
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(results.GetTestPartResult(1), "");
+}
+
+// TODO(mheule@google.com): Add a test for the class HasNewFatalFailureHelper.
+
+}  // namespace
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-tuple_test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-tuple_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bfaa3e0ac4b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-tuple_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h"
+#include <utility>
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace {
+
+using ::std::tr1::get;
+using ::std::tr1::make_tuple;
+using ::std::tr1::tuple;
+using ::std::tr1::tuple_element;
+using ::std::tr1::tuple_size;
+using ::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq;
+
+// Tests that tuple_element<K, tuple<T0, T1, ..., TN> >::type returns TK.
+TEST(tuple_element_Test, ReturnsElementType) {
+  StaticAssertTypeEq<int, tuple_element<0, tuple<int, char> >::type>();
+  StaticAssertTypeEq<int&, tuple_element<1, tuple<double, int&> >::type>();
+  StaticAssertTypeEq<bool, tuple_element<2, tuple<double, int, bool> >::type>();
+}
+
+// Tests that tuple_size<T>::value gives the number of fields in tuple
+// type T.
+TEST(tuple_size_Test, ReturnsNumberOfFields) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, +tuple_size<tuple<> >::value);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, +tuple_size<tuple<void*> >::value);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, +tuple_size<tuple<char> >::value);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, +(tuple_size<tuple<tuple<int, double> > >::value));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, +(tuple_size<tuple<int&, const char> >::value));
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, +(tuple_size<tuple<char*, void, const bool&> >::value));
+}
+
+// Tests comparing a tuple with itself.
+TEST(ComparisonTest, ComparesWithSelf) {
+  const tuple<int, char, bool> a(5, 'a', false);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a == a);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(a != a);
+}
+
+// Tests comparing two tuples with the same value.
+TEST(ComparisonTest, ComparesEqualTuples) {
+  const tuple<int, bool> a(5, true), b(5, true);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a == b);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(a != b);
+}
+
+// Tests comparing two different tuples that have no reference fields.
+TEST(ComparisonTest, ComparesUnequalTuplesWithoutReferenceFields) {
+  typedef tuple<const int, char> FooTuple;
+
+  const FooTuple a(0, 'x');
+  const FooTuple b(1, 'a');
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a != b);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(a == b);
+
+  const FooTuple c(1, 'b');
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(b != c);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(b == c);
+}
+
+// Tests comparing two different tuples that have reference fields.
+TEST(ComparisonTest, ComparesUnequalTuplesWithReferenceFields) {
+  typedef tuple<int&, const char&> FooTuple;
+
+  int i = 5;
+  const char ch = 'a';
+  const FooTuple a(i, ch);
+
+  int j = 6;
+  const FooTuple b(j, ch);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a != b);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(a == b);
+
+  j = 5;
+  const char ch2 = 'b';
+  const FooTuple c(j, ch2);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(b != c);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(b == c);
+}
+
+// Tests that a tuple field with a reference type is an alias of the
+// variable it's supposed to reference.
+TEST(ReferenceFieldTest, IsAliasOfReferencedVariable) {
+  int n = 0;
+  tuple<bool, int&> t(true, n);
+
+  n = 1;
+  EXPECT_EQ(n, get<1>(t))
+      << "Changing a underlying variable should update the reference field.";
+
+  // Makes sure that the implementation doesn't do anything funny with
+  // the & operator for the return type of get<>().
+  EXPECT_EQ(&n, &(get<1>(t)))
+      << "The address of a reference field should equal the address of "
+      << "the underlying variable.";
+
+  get<1>(t) = 2;
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, n)
+      << "Changing a reference field should update the underlying variable.";
+}
+
+// Tests that tuple's default constructor default initializes each field.
+// This test needs to compile without generating warnings.
+TEST(TupleConstructorTest, DefaultConstructorDefaultInitializesEachField) {
+  // The TR1 report requires that tuple's default constructor default
+  // initializes each field, even if it's a primitive type.  If the
+  // implementation forgets to do this, this test will catch it by
+  // generating warnings about using uninitialized variables (assuming
+  // a decent compiler).
+
+  tuple<> empty;
+
+  tuple<int> a1, b1;
+  b1 = a1;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, get<0>(b1));
+
+  tuple<int, double> a2, b2;
+  b2 = a2;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, get<0>(b2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0.0, get<1>(b2));
+
+  tuple<double, char, bool*> a3, b3;
+  b3 = a3;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0.0, get<0>(b3));
+  EXPECT_EQ('\0', get<1>(b3));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(get<2>(b3) == NULL);
+
+  tuple<int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int> a10, b10;
+  b10 = a10;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, get<0>(b10));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, get<1>(b10));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, get<2>(b10));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, get<3>(b10));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, get<4>(b10));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, get<5>(b10));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, get<6>(b10));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, get<7>(b10));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, get<8>(b10));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, get<9>(b10));
+}
+
+// Tests constructing a tuple from its fields.
+TEST(TupleConstructorTest, ConstructsFromFields) {
+  int n = 1;
+  // Reference field.
+  tuple<int&> a(n);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&n, &(get<0>(a)));
+
+  // Non-reference fields.
+  tuple<int, char> b(5, 'a');
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, get<0>(b));
+  EXPECT_EQ('a', get<1>(b));
+
+  // Const reference field.
+  const int m = 2;
+  tuple<bool, const int&> c(true, m);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(get<0>(c));
+  EXPECT_EQ(&m, &(get<1>(c)));
+}
+
+// Tests tuple's copy constructor.
+TEST(TupleConstructorTest, CopyConstructor) {
+  tuple<double, bool> a(0.0, true);
+  tuple<double, bool> b(a);
+
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0.0, get<0>(b));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(get<1>(b));
+}
+
+// Tests constructing a tuple from another tuple that has a compatible
+// but different type.
+TEST(TupleConstructorTest, ConstructsFromDifferentTupleType) {
+  tuple<int, int, char> a(0, 1, 'a');
+  tuple<double, long, int> b(a);
+
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0.0, get<0>(b));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, get<1>(b));
+  EXPECT_EQ('a', get<2>(b));
+}
+
+// Tests constructing a 2-tuple from an std::pair.
+TEST(TupleConstructorTest, ConstructsFromPair) {
+  ::std::pair<int, char> a(1, 'a');
+  tuple<int, char> b(a);
+  tuple<int, const char&> c(a);
+}
+
+// Tests assigning a tuple to another tuple with the same type.
+TEST(TupleAssignmentTest, AssignsToSameTupleType) {
+  const tuple<int, long> a(5, 7L);
+  tuple<int, long> b;
+  b = a;
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, get<0>(b));
+  EXPECT_EQ(7L, get<1>(b));
+}
+
+// Tests assigning a tuple to another tuple with a different but
+// compatible type.
+TEST(TupleAssignmentTest, AssignsToDifferentTupleType) {
+  const tuple<int, long, bool> a(1, 7L, true);
+  tuple<long, int, bool> b;
+  b = a;
+  EXPECT_EQ(1L, get<0>(b));
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, get<1>(b));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(get<2>(b));
+}
+
+// Tests assigning an std::pair to a 2-tuple.
+TEST(TupleAssignmentTest, AssignsFromPair) {
+  const ::std::pair<int, bool> a(5, true);
+  tuple<int, bool> b;
+  b = a;
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, get<0>(b));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(get<1>(b));
+
+  tuple<long, bool> c;
+  c = a;
+  EXPECT_EQ(5L, get<0>(c));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(get<1>(c));
+}
+
+// A fixture for testing big tuples.
+class BigTupleTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  typedef tuple<int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int> BigTuple;
+
+  BigTupleTest() :
+      a_(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2),
+      b_(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3) {}
+
+  BigTuple a_, b_;
+};
+
+// Tests constructing big tuples.
+TEST_F(BigTupleTest, Construction) {
+  BigTuple a;
+  BigTuple b(b_);
+}
+
+// Tests that get<N>(t) returns the N-th (0-based) field of tuple t.
+TEST_F(BigTupleTest, get) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, get<0>(a_));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, get<9>(a_));
+
+  // Tests that get() works on a const tuple too.
+  const BigTuple a(a_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, get<0>(a));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, get<9>(a));
+}
+
+// Tests comparing big tuples.
+TEST_F(BigTupleTest, Comparisons) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a_ == a_);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(a_ != a_);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a_ != b_);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(a_ == b_);
+}
+
+TEST(MakeTupleTest, WorksForScalarTypes) {
+  tuple<bool, int> a;
+  a = make_tuple(true, 5);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(get<0>(a));
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, get<1>(a));
+
+  tuple<char, int, long> b;
+  b = make_tuple('a', 'b', 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ('a', get<0>(b));
+  EXPECT_EQ('b', get<1>(b));
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, get<2>(b));
+}
+
+TEST(MakeTupleTest, WorksForPointers) {
+  int a[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+  const char* const str = "hi";
+  int* const p = a;
+
+  tuple<const char*, int*> t;
+  t = make_tuple(str, p);
+  EXPECT_EQ(str, get<0>(t));
+  EXPECT_EQ(p, get<1>(t));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-typed-test2_test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-typed-test2_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c284700b020b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-typed-test2_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+// All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "test/gtest-typed-test_test.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
+
+// Tests that the same type-parameterized test case can be
+// instantiated in different translation units linked together.
+// (ContainerTest is also instantiated in gtest-typed-test_test.cc.)
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(Vector, ContainerTest,
+                              testing::Types<std::vector<int> >);
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-typed-test_test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-typed-test_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..93628ba080cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-typed-test_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,380 @@
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+// All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+#include "test/gtest-typed-test_test.h"
+
+#include <set>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+using testing::Test;
+
+// Used for testing that SetUpTestCase()/TearDownTestCase(), fixture
+// ctor/dtor, and SetUp()/TearDown() work correctly in typed tests and
+// type-parameterized test.
+template <typename T>
+class CommonTest : public Test {
+  // For some technical reason, SetUpTestCase() and TearDownTestCase()
+  // must be public.
+ public:
+  static void SetUpTestCase() {
+    shared_ = new T(5);
+  }
+
+  static void TearDownTestCase() {
+    delete shared_;
+    shared_ = NULL;
+  }
+
+  // This 'protected:' is optional.  There's no harm in making all
+  // members of this fixture class template public.
+ protected:
+  // We used to use std::list here, but switched to std::vector since
+  // MSVC's <list> doesn't compile cleanly with /W4.
+  typedef std::vector<T> Vector;
+  typedef std::set<int> IntSet;
+
+  CommonTest() : value_(1) {}
+
+  virtual ~CommonTest() { EXPECT_EQ(3, value_); }
+
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, value_);
+    value_++;
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, value_);
+    value_++;
+  }
+
+  T value_;
+  static T* shared_;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+T* CommonTest<T>::shared_ = NULL;
+
+// This #ifdef block tests typed tests.
+#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+
+using testing::Types;
+
+// Tests that SetUpTestCase()/TearDownTestCase(), fixture ctor/dtor,
+// and SetUp()/TearDown() work correctly in typed tests
+
+typedef Types<char, int> TwoTypes;
+TYPED_TEST_CASE(CommonTest, TwoTypes);
+
+TYPED_TEST(CommonTest, ValuesAreCorrect) {
+  // Static members of the fixture class template can be visited via
+  // the TestFixture:: prefix.
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, *TestFixture::shared_);
+
+  // Typedefs in the fixture class template can be visited via the
+  // "typename TestFixture::" prefix.
+  typename TestFixture::Vector empty;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, empty.size());
+
+  typename TestFixture::IntSet empty2;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, empty2.size());
+
+  // Non-static members of the fixture class must be visited via
+  // 'this', as required by C++ for class templates.
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, this->value_);
+}
+
+// The second test makes sure shared_ is not deleted after the first
+// test.
+TYPED_TEST(CommonTest, ValuesAreStillCorrect) {
+  // Static members of the fixture class template can also be visited
+  // via 'this'.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->shared_ != NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, *this->shared_);
+
+  // TypeParam can be used to refer to the type parameter.
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<TypeParam>(2), this->value_);
+}
+
+// Tests that multiple TYPED_TEST_CASE's can be defined in the same
+// translation unit.
+
+template <typename T>
+class TypedTest1 : public Test {
+};
+
+// Verifies that the second argument of TYPED_TEST_CASE can be a
+// single type.
+TYPED_TEST_CASE(TypedTest1, int);
+TYPED_TEST(TypedTest1, A) {}
+
+template <typename T>
+class TypedTest2 : public Test {
+};
+
+// Verifies that the second argument of TYPED_TEST_CASE can be a
+// Types<...> type list.
+TYPED_TEST_CASE(TypedTest2, Types<int>);
+
+// This also verifies that tests from different typed test cases can
+// share the same name.
+TYPED_TEST(TypedTest2, A) {}
+
+// Tests that a typed test case can be defined in a namespace.
+
+namespace library1 {
+
+template <typename T>
+class NumericTest : public Test {
+};
+
+typedef Types<int, long> NumericTypes;
+TYPED_TEST_CASE(NumericTest, NumericTypes);
+
+TYPED_TEST(NumericTest, DefaultIsZero) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, TypeParam());
+}
+
+}  // namespace library1
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+
+// This #ifdef block tests type-parameterized tests.
+#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
+
+using testing::Types;
+using testing::internal::TypedTestCasePState;
+
+// Tests TypedTestCasePState.
+
+class TypedTestCasePStateTest : public Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    state_.AddTestName("foo.cc", 0, "FooTest", "A");
+    state_.AddTestName("foo.cc", 0, "FooTest", "B");
+    state_.AddTestName("foo.cc", 0, "FooTest", "C");
+  }
+
+  TypedTestCasePState state_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(TypedTestCasePStateTest, SucceedsForMatchingList) {
+  const char* tests = "A, B, C";
+  EXPECT_EQ(tests,
+            state_.VerifyRegisteredTestNames("foo.cc", 1, tests));
+}
+
+// Makes sure that the order of the tests and spaces around the names
+// don't matter.
+TEST_F(TypedTestCasePStateTest, IgnoresOrderAndSpaces) {
+  const char* tests = "A,C,   B";
+  EXPECT_EQ(tests,
+            state_.VerifyRegisteredTestNames("foo.cc", 1, tests));
+}
+
+typedef TypedTestCasePStateTest TypedTestCasePStateDeathTest;
+
+TEST_F(TypedTestCasePStateDeathTest, DetectsDuplicates) {
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(
+      state_.VerifyRegisteredTestNames("foo.cc", 1, "A, B, A, C"),
+      "foo\\.cc.1.?: Test A is listed more than once\\.");
+}
+
+TEST_F(TypedTestCasePStateDeathTest, DetectsExtraTest) {
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(
+      state_.VerifyRegisteredTestNames("foo.cc", 1, "A, B, C, D"),
+      "foo\\.cc.1.?: No test named D can be found in this test case\\.");
+}
+
+TEST_F(TypedTestCasePStateDeathTest, DetectsMissedTest) {
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(
+      state_.VerifyRegisteredTestNames("foo.cc", 1, "A, C"),
+      "foo\\.cc.1.?: You forgot to list test B\\.");
+}
+
+// Tests that defining a test for a parameterized test case generates
+// a run-time error if the test case has been registered.
+TEST_F(TypedTestCasePStateDeathTest, DetectsTestAfterRegistration) {
+  state_.VerifyRegisteredTestNames("foo.cc", 1, "A, B, C");
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(
+      state_.AddTestName("foo.cc", 2, "FooTest", "D"),
+      "foo\\.cc.2.?: Test D must be defined before REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P"
+      "\\(FooTest, \\.\\.\\.\\)\\.");
+}
+
+// Tests that SetUpTestCase()/TearDownTestCase(), fixture ctor/dtor,
+// and SetUp()/TearDown() work correctly in type-parameterized tests.
+
+template <typename T>
+class DerivedTest : public CommonTest<T> {
+};
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(DerivedTest);
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DerivedTest, ValuesAreCorrect) {
+  // Static members of the fixture class template can be visited via
+  // the TestFixture:: prefix.
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, *TestFixture::shared_);
+
+  // Non-static members of the fixture class must be visited via
+  // 'this', as required by C++ for class templates.
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, this->value_);
+}
+
+// The second test makes sure shared_ is not deleted after the first
+// test.
+TYPED_TEST_P(DerivedTest, ValuesAreStillCorrect) {
+  // Static members of the fixture class template can also be visited
+  // via 'this'.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->shared_ != NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, *this->shared_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, this->value_);
+}
+
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(DerivedTest,
+                           ValuesAreCorrect, ValuesAreStillCorrect);
+
+typedef Types<short, long> MyTwoTypes;
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, DerivedTest, MyTwoTypes);
+
+// Tests that multiple TYPED_TEST_CASE_P's can be defined in the same
+// translation unit.
+
+template <typename T>
+class TypedTestP1 : public Test {
+};
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(TypedTestP1);
+
+// For testing that the code between TYPED_TEST_CASE_P() and
+// TYPED_TEST_P() is not enclosed in a namespace.
+typedef int IntAfterTypedTestCaseP;
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(TypedTestP1, A) {}
+TYPED_TEST_P(TypedTestP1, B) {}
+
+// For testing that the code between TYPED_TEST_P() and
+// REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P() is not enclosed in a namespace.
+typedef int IntBeforeRegisterTypedTestCaseP;
+
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(TypedTestP1, A, B);
+
+template <typename T>
+class TypedTestP2 : public Test {
+};
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(TypedTestP2);
+
+// This also verifies that tests from different type-parameterized
+// test cases can share the same name.
+TYPED_TEST_P(TypedTestP2, A) {}
+
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(TypedTestP2, A);
+
+// Verifies that the code between TYPED_TEST_CASE_P() and
+// REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P() is not enclosed in a namespace.
+IntAfterTypedTestCaseP after = 0;
+IntBeforeRegisterTypedTestCaseP before = 0;
+
+// Verifies that the last argument of INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P()
+// can be either a single type or a Types<...> type list.
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(Int, TypedTestP1, int);
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(Int, TypedTestP2, Types<int>);
+
+// Tests that the same type-parameterized test case can be
+// instantiated more than once in the same translation unit.
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(Double, TypedTestP2, Types<double>);
+
+// Tests that the same type-parameterized test case can be
+// instantiated in different translation units linked together.
+// (ContainerTest is also instantiated in gtest-typed-test_test.cc.)
+typedef Types<std::vector<double>, std::set<char> > MyContainers;
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, ContainerTest, MyContainers);
+
+// Tests that a type-parameterized test case can be defined and
+// instantiated in a namespace.
+
+namespace library2 {
+
+template <typename T>
+class NumericTest : public Test {
+};
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(NumericTest);
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(NumericTest, DefaultIsZero) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, TypeParam());
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(NumericTest, ZeroIsLessThanOne) {
+  EXPECT_LT(TypeParam(0), TypeParam(1));
+}
+
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(NumericTest,
+                           DefaultIsZero, ZeroIsLessThanOne);
+typedef Types<int, double> NumericTypes;
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, NumericTest, NumericTypes);
+
+static const char* GetTestName() {
+  return testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info()->name();
+}
+// Test the stripping of space from test names
+template <typename T> class TrimmedTest : public Test { };
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(TrimmedTest);
+TYPED_TEST_P(TrimmedTest, Test1) { EXPECT_STREQ("Test1", GetTestName()); }
+TYPED_TEST_P(TrimmedTest, Test2) { EXPECT_STREQ("Test2", GetTestName()); }
+TYPED_TEST_P(TrimmedTest, Test3) { EXPECT_STREQ("Test3", GetTestName()); }
+TYPED_TEST_P(TrimmedTest, Test4) { EXPECT_STREQ("Test4", GetTestName()); }
+TYPED_TEST_P(TrimmedTest, Test5) { EXPECT_STREQ("Test5", GetTestName()); }
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(
+    TrimmedTest,
+    Test1, Test2,Test3 , Test4 ,Test5 );  // NOLINT
+template <typename T1, typename T2> struct MyPair {};
+// Be sure to try a type with a comma in its name just in case it matters.
+typedef Types<int, double, MyPair<int, int> > TrimTypes;
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, TrimmedTest, TrimTypes);
+
+}  // namespace library2
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
+
+#if !defined(GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST) && !defined(GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P)
+
+// Google Test may not support type-parameterized tests with some
+// compilers. If we use conditional compilation to compile out all
+// code referring to the gtest_main library, MSVC linker will not link
+// that library at all and consequently complain about missing entry
+// point defined in that library (fatal error LNK1561: entry point
+// must be defined). This dummy test keeps gtest_main linked in.
+TEST(DummyTest, TypedTestsAreNotSupportedOnThisPlatform) {}
+
+#endif  // #if !defined(GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST) && !defined(GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P)
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-typed-test_test.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-typed-test_test.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..41d75704cf84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-typed-test_test.h
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+// All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+#ifndef GTEST_TEST_GTEST_TYPED_TEST_TEST_H_
+#define GTEST_TEST_GTEST_TYPED_TEST_TEST_H_
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
+
+using testing::Test;
+
+// For testing that the same type-parameterized test case can be
+// instantiated in different translation units linked together.
+// ContainerTest will be instantiated in both gtest-typed-test_test.cc
+// and gtest-typed-test2_test.cc.
+
+template <typename T>
+class ContainerTest : public Test {
+};
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(ContainerTest);
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ContainerTest, CanBeDefaultConstructed) {
+  TypeParam container;
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ContainerTest, InitialSizeIsZero) {
+  TypeParam container;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, container.size());
+}
+
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(ContainerTest,
+                           CanBeDefaultConstructed, InitialSizeIsZero);
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
+
+#endif  // GTEST_TEST_GTEST_TYPED_TEST_TEST_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-unittest-api_test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-unittest-api_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b1f51688af75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest-unittest-api_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+// Copyright 2009 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
+//
+// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+//
+// This file contains tests verifying correctness of data provided via
+// UnitTest's public methods.
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#include <string.h>  // For strcmp.
+#include <algorithm>
+
+using ::testing::InitGoogleTest;
+
+namespace testing {
+namespace internal {
+
+template <typename T>
+struct LessByName {
+  bool operator()(const T* a, const T* b) {
+    return strcmp(a->name(), b->name()) < 0;
+  }
+};
+
+class UnitTestHelper {
+ public:
+  // Returns the array of pointers to all test cases sorted by the test case
+  // name.  The caller is responsible for deleting the array.
+  static TestCase const** GetSortedTestCases() {
+    UnitTest& unit_test = *UnitTest::GetInstance();
+    TestCase const** const test_cases =
+        new const TestCase*[unit_test.total_test_case_count()];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_case_count(); ++i)
+      test_cases[i] = unit_test.GetTestCase(i);
+
+    std::sort(test_cases,
+              test_cases + unit_test.total_test_case_count(),
+              LessByName<TestCase>());
+    return test_cases;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the test case by its name.  The caller doesn't own the returned
+  // pointer.
+  static const TestCase* FindTestCase(const char* name) {
+    UnitTest& unit_test = *UnitTest::GetInstance();
+    for (int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_case_count(); ++i) {
+      const TestCase* test_case = unit_test.GetTestCase(i);
+      if (0 == strcmp(test_case->name(), name))
+        return test_case;
+    }
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the array of pointers to all tests in a particular test case
+  // sorted by the test name.  The caller is responsible for deleting the
+  // array.
+  static TestInfo const** GetSortedTests(const TestCase* test_case) {
+    TestInfo const** const tests =
+        new const TestInfo*[test_case->total_test_count()];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < test_case->total_test_count(); ++i)
+      tests[i] = test_case->GetTestInfo(i);
+
+    std::sort(tests, tests + test_case->total_test_count(),
+              LessByName<TestInfo>());
+    return tests;
+  }
+};
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+template <typename T> class TestCaseWithCommentTest : public Test {};
+TYPED_TEST_CASE(TestCaseWithCommentTest, Types<int>);
+TYPED_TEST(TestCaseWithCommentTest, Dummy) {}
+
+const int kTypedTestCases = 1;
+const int kTypedTests = 1;
+#else
+const int kTypedTestCases = 0;
+const int kTypedTests = 0;
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+
+// We can only test the accessors that do not change value while tests run.
+// Since tests can be run in any order, the values the accessors that track
+// test execution (such as failed_test_count) can not be predicted.
+TEST(ApiTest, UnitTestImmutableAccessorsWork) {
+  UnitTest* unit_test = UnitTest::GetInstance();
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2 + kTypedTestCases, unit_test->total_test_case_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1 + kTypedTestCases, unit_test->test_case_to_run_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, unit_test->disabled_test_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(5 + kTypedTests, unit_test->total_test_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(3 + kTypedTests, unit_test->test_to_run_count());
+
+  const TestCase** const test_cases = UnitTestHelper::GetSortedTestCases();
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ("ApiTest", test_cases[0]->name());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("DISABLED_Test", test_cases[1]->name());
+#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+  EXPECT_STREQ("TestCaseWithCommentTest/0", test_cases[2]->name());
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+
+  delete[] test_cases;
+
+  // The following lines initiate actions to verify certain methods in
+  // FinalSuccessChecker::TearDown.
+
+  // Records a test property to verify TestResult::GetTestProperty().
+  RecordProperty("key", "value");
+}
+
+AssertionResult IsNull(const char* str) {
+  if (str != NULL) {
+    return testing::AssertionFailure() << "argument is " << str;
+  }
+  return AssertionSuccess();
+}
+
+TEST(ApiTest, TestCaseImmutableAccessorsWork) {
+  const TestCase* test_case = UnitTestHelper::FindTestCase("ApiTest");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(test_case != NULL);
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ("ApiTest", test_case->name());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsNull(test_case->type_param()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(test_case->should_run());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, test_case->disabled_test_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, test_case->test_to_run_count());
+  ASSERT_EQ(4, test_case->total_test_count());
+
+  const TestInfo** tests = UnitTestHelper::GetSortedTests(test_case);
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ("DISABLED_Dummy1", tests[0]->name());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("ApiTest", tests[0]->test_case_name());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsNull(tests[0]->value_param()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsNull(tests[0]->type_param()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(tests[0]->should_run());
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ("TestCaseDisabledAccessorsWork", tests[1]->name());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("ApiTest", tests[1]->test_case_name());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsNull(tests[1]->value_param()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsNull(tests[1]->type_param()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(tests[1]->should_run());
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ("TestCaseImmutableAccessorsWork", tests[2]->name());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("ApiTest", tests[2]->test_case_name());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsNull(tests[2]->value_param()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsNull(tests[2]->type_param()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(tests[2]->should_run());
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ("UnitTestImmutableAccessorsWork", tests[3]->name());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("ApiTest", tests[3]->test_case_name());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsNull(tests[3]->value_param()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsNull(tests[3]->type_param()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(tests[3]->should_run());
+
+  delete[] tests;
+  tests = NULL;
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+  test_case = UnitTestHelper::FindTestCase("TestCaseWithCommentTest/0");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(test_case != NULL);
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ("TestCaseWithCommentTest/0", test_case->name());
+  EXPECT_STREQ(GetTypeName<int>().c_str(), test_case->type_param());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(test_case->should_run());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, test_case->disabled_test_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, test_case->test_to_run_count());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, test_case->total_test_count());
+
+  tests = UnitTestHelper::GetSortedTests(test_case);
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ("Dummy", tests[0]->name());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("TestCaseWithCommentTest/0", tests[0]->test_case_name());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsNull(tests[0]->value_param()));
+  EXPECT_STREQ(GetTypeName<int>().c_str(), tests[0]->type_param());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(tests[0]->should_run());
+
+  delete[] tests;
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+}
+
+TEST(ApiTest, TestCaseDisabledAccessorsWork) {
+  const TestCase* test_case = UnitTestHelper::FindTestCase("DISABLED_Test");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(test_case != NULL);
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ("DISABLED_Test", test_case->name());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsNull(test_case->type_param()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(test_case->should_run());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, test_case->disabled_test_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, test_case->test_to_run_count());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, test_case->total_test_count());
+
+  const TestInfo* const test_info = test_case->GetTestInfo(0);
+  EXPECT_STREQ("Dummy2", test_info->name());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("DISABLED_Test", test_info->test_case_name());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsNull(test_info->value_param()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsNull(test_info->type_param()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(test_info->should_run());
+}
+
+// These two tests are here to provide support for testing
+// test_case_to_run_count, disabled_test_count, and test_to_run_count.
+TEST(ApiTest, DISABLED_Dummy1) {}
+TEST(DISABLED_Test, Dummy2) {}
+
+class FinalSuccessChecker : public Environment {
+ protected:
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    UnitTest* unit_test = UnitTest::GetInstance();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(1 + kTypedTestCases, unit_test->successful_test_case_count());
+    EXPECT_EQ(3 + kTypedTests, unit_test->successful_test_count());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, unit_test->failed_test_case_count());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, unit_test->failed_test_count());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(unit_test->Passed());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(unit_test->Failed());
+    ASSERT_EQ(2 + kTypedTestCases, unit_test->total_test_case_count());
+
+    const TestCase** const test_cases = UnitTestHelper::GetSortedTestCases();
+
+    EXPECT_STREQ("ApiTest", test_cases[0]->name());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(IsNull(test_cases[0]->type_param()));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(test_cases[0]->should_run());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, test_cases[0]->disabled_test_count());
+    ASSERT_EQ(4, test_cases[0]->total_test_count());
+    EXPECT_EQ(3, test_cases[0]->successful_test_count());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, test_cases[0]->failed_test_count());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(test_cases[0]->Passed());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(test_cases[0]->Failed());
+
+    EXPECT_STREQ("DISABLED_Test", test_cases[1]->name());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(IsNull(test_cases[1]->type_param()));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(test_cases[1]->should_run());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, test_cases[1]->disabled_test_count());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, test_cases[1]->total_test_count());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, test_cases[1]->successful_test_count());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, test_cases[1]->failed_test_count());
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+    EXPECT_STREQ("TestCaseWithCommentTest/0", test_cases[2]->name());
+    EXPECT_STREQ(GetTypeName<int>().c_str(), test_cases[2]->type_param());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(test_cases[2]->should_run());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, test_cases[2]->disabled_test_count());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, test_cases[2]->total_test_count());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, test_cases[2]->successful_test_count());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, test_cases[2]->failed_test_count());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(test_cases[2]->Passed());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(test_cases[2]->Failed());
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+
+    const TestCase* test_case = UnitTestHelper::FindTestCase("ApiTest");
+    const TestInfo** tests = UnitTestHelper::GetSortedTests(test_case);
+    EXPECT_STREQ("DISABLED_Dummy1", tests[0]->name());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("ApiTest", tests[0]->test_case_name());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(tests[0]->should_run());
+
+    EXPECT_STREQ("TestCaseDisabledAccessorsWork", tests[1]->name());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("ApiTest", tests[1]->test_case_name());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(IsNull(tests[1]->value_param()));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(IsNull(tests[1]->type_param()));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(tests[1]->should_run());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(tests[1]->result()->Passed());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, tests[1]->result()->test_property_count());
+
+    EXPECT_STREQ("TestCaseImmutableAccessorsWork", tests[2]->name());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("ApiTest", tests[2]->test_case_name());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(IsNull(tests[2]->value_param()));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(IsNull(tests[2]->type_param()));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(tests[2]->should_run());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(tests[2]->result()->Passed());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, tests[2]->result()->test_property_count());
+
+    EXPECT_STREQ("UnitTestImmutableAccessorsWork", tests[3]->name());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("ApiTest", tests[3]->test_case_name());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(IsNull(tests[3]->value_param()));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(IsNull(tests[3]->type_param()));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(tests[3]->should_run());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(tests[3]->result()->Passed());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, tests[3]->result()->test_property_count());
+    const TestProperty& property = tests[3]->result()->GetTestProperty(0);
+    EXPECT_STREQ("key", property.key());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("value", property.value());
+
+    delete[] tests;
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+    test_case = UnitTestHelper::FindTestCase("TestCaseWithCommentTest/0");
+    tests = UnitTestHelper::GetSortedTests(test_case);
+
+    EXPECT_STREQ("Dummy", tests[0]->name());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("TestCaseWithCommentTest/0", tests[0]->test_case_name());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(IsNull(tests[0]->value_param()));
+    EXPECT_STREQ(GetTypeName<int>().c_str(), tests[0]->type_param());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(tests[0]->should_run());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(tests[0]->result()->Passed());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, tests[0]->result()->test_property_count());
+
+    delete[] tests;
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+    delete[] test_cases;
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace testing
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+  AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new testing::internal::FinalSuccessChecker());
+
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_all_test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_all_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..955aa6282848
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_all_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Copyright 2009, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+//
+// Tests for Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+//
+// Sometimes it's desirable to build most of Google Test's own tests
+// by compiling a single file.  This file serves this purpose.
+#include "test/gtest-filepath_test.cc"
+#include "test/gtest-linked_ptr_test.cc"
+#include "test/gtest-message_test.cc"
+#include "test/gtest-options_test.cc"
+#include "test/gtest-port_test.cc"
+#include "test/gtest_pred_impl_unittest.cc"
+#include "test/gtest_prod_test.cc"
+#include "test/gtest-test-part_test.cc"
+#include "test/gtest-typed-test_test.cc"
+#include "test/gtest-typed-test2_test.cc"
+#include "test/gtest_unittest.cc"
+#include "test/production.cc"
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_break_on_failure_unittest.py b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_break_on_failure_unittest.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..78f3e0f53b79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_break_on_failure_unittest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright 2006, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Unit test for Google Test's break-on-failure mode.
+
+A user can ask Google Test to seg-fault when an assertion fails, using
+either the GTEST_BREAK_ON_FAILURE environment variable or the
+--gtest_break_on_failure flag.  This script tests such functionality
+by invoking gtest_break_on_failure_unittest_ (a program written with
+Google Test) with different environments and command line flags.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)'
+
+import gtest_test_utils
+import os
+import sys
+
+
+# Constants.
+
+IS_WINDOWS = os.name == 'nt'
+
+# The environment variable for enabling/disabling the break-on-failure mode.
+BREAK_ON_FAILURE_ENV_VAR = 'GTEST_BREAK_ON_FAILURE'
+
+# The command line flag for enabling/disabling the break-on-failure mode.
+BREAK_ON_FAILURE_FLAG = 'gtest_break_on_failure'
+
+# The environment variable for enabling/disabling the throw-on-failure mode.
+THROW_ON_FAILURE_ENV_VAR = 'GTEST_THROW_ON_FAILURE'
+
+# The environment variable for enabling/disabling the catch-exceptions mode.
+CATCH_EXCEPTIONS_ENV_VAR = 'GTEST_CATCH_EXCEPTIONS'
+
+# Path to the gtest_break_on_failure_unittest_ program.
+EXE_PATH = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(
+    'gtest_break_on_failure_unittest_')
+
+
+environ = gtest_test_utils.environ
+SetEnvVar = gtest_test_utils.SetEnvVar
+
+# Tests in this file run a Google-Test-based test program and expect it
+# to terminate prematurely.  Therefore they are incompatible with
+# the premature-exit-file protocol by design.  Unset the
+# premature-exit filepath to prevent Google Test from creating
+# the file.
+SetEnvVar(gtest_test_utils.PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE_ENV_VAR, None)
+
+
+def Run(command):
+  """Runs a command; returns 1 if it was killed by a signal, or 0 otherwise."""
+
+  p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(command, env=environ)
+  if p.terminated_by_signal:
+    return 1
+  else:
+    return 0
+
+
+# The tests.
+
+
+class GTestBreakOnFailureUnitTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
+  """Tests using the GTEST_BREAK_ON_FAILURE environment variable or
+  the --gtest_break_on_failure flag to turn assertion failures into
+  segmentation faults.
+  """
+
+  def RunAndVerify(self, env_var_value, flag_value, expect_seg_fault):
+    """Runs gtest_break_on_failure_unittest_ and verifies that it does
+    (or does not) have a seg-fault.
+
+    Args:
+      env_var_value:    value of the GTEST_BREAK_ON_FAILURE environment
+                        variable; None if the variable should be unset.
+      flag_value:       value of the --gtest_break_on_failure flag;
+                        None if the flag should not be present.
+      expect_seg_fault: 1 if the program is expected to generate a seg-fault;
+                        0 otherwise.
+    """
+
+    SetEnvVar(BREAK_ON_FAILURE_ENV_VAR, env_var_value)
+
+    if env_var_value is None:
+      env_var_value_msg = ' is not set'
+    else:
+      env_var_value_msg = '=' + env_var_value
+
+    if flag_value is None:
+      flag = ''
+    elif flag_value == '0':
+      flag = '--%s=0' % BREAK_ON_FAILURE_FLAG
+    else:
+      flag = '--%s' % BREAK_ON_FAILURE_FLAG
+
+    command = [EXE_PATH]
+    if flag:
+      command.append(flag)
+
+    if expect_seg_fault:
+      should_or_not = 'should'
+    else:
+      should_or_not = 'should not'
+
+    has_seg_fault = Run(command)
+
+    SetEnvVar(BREAK_ON_FAILURE_ENV_VAR, None)
+
+    msg = ('when %s%s, an assertion failure in "%s" %s cause a seg-fault.' %
+           (BREAK_ON_FAILURE_ENV_VAR, env_var_value_msg, ' '.join(command),
+            should_or_not))
+    self.assert_(has_seg_fault == expect_seg_fault, msg)
+
+  def testDefaultBehavior(self):
+    """Tests the behavior of the default mode."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value=None,
+                      flag_value=None,
+                      expect_seg_fault=0)
+
+  def testEnvVar(self):
+    """Tests using the GTEST_BREAK_ON_FAILURE environment variable."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='0',
+                      flag_value=None,
+                      expect_seg_fault=0)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='1',
+                      flag_value=None,
+                      expect_seg_fault=1)
+
+  def testFlag(self):
+    """Tests using the --gtest_break_on_failure flag."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value=None,
+                      flag_value='0',
+                      expect_seg_fault=0)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value=None,
+                      flag_value='1',
+                      expect_seg_fault=1)
+
+  def testFlagOverridesEnvVar(self):
+    """Tests that the flag overrides the environment variable."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='0',
+                      flag_value='0',
+                      expect_seg_fault=0)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='0',
+                      flag_value='1',
+                      expect_seg_fault=1)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='1',
+                      flag_value='0',
+                      expect_seg_fault=0)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='1',
+                      flag_value='1',
+                      expect_seg_fault=1)
+
+  def testBreakOnFailureOverridesThrowOnFailure(self):
+    """Tests that gtest_break_on_failure overrides gtest_throw_on_failure."""
+
+    SetEnvVar(THROW_ON_FAILURE_ENV_VAR, '1')
+    try:
+      self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value=None,
+                        flag_value='1',
+                        expect_seg_fault=1)
+    finally:
+      SetEnvVar(THROW_ON_FAILURE_ENV_VAR, None)
+
+  if IS_WINDOWS:
+    def testCatchExceptionsDoesNotInterfere(self):
+      """Tests that gtest_catch_exceptions doesn't interfere."""
+
+      SetEnvVar(CATCH_EXCEPTIONS_ENV_VAR, '1')
+      try:
+        self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='1',
+                          flag_value='1',
+                          expect_seg_fault=1)
+      finally:
+        SetEnvVar(CATCH_EXCEPTIONS_ENV_VAR, None)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  gtest_test_utils.Main()
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_break_on_failure_unittest_.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_break_on_failure_unittest_.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dd07478c0757
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_break_on_failure_unittest_.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// Copyright 2006, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+// Unit test for Google Test's break-on-failure mode.
+//
+// A user can ask Google Test to seg-fault when an assertion fails, using
+// either the GTEST_BREAK_ON_FAILURE environment variable or the
+// --gtest_break_on_failure flag.  This file is used for testing such
+// functionality.
+//
+// This program will be invoked from a Python unit test.  It is
+// expected to fail.  Don't run it directly.
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# include <windows.h>
+# include <stdlib.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace {
+
+// A test that's expected to fail.
+TEST(Foo, Bar) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, 3);
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_SEH && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+// On Windows Mobile global exception handlers are not supported.
+LONG WINAPI ExitWithExceptionCode(
+    struct _EXCEPTION_POINTERS* exception_pointers) {
+  exit(exception_pointers->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode);
+}
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  // Suppresses display of the Windows error dialog upon encountering
+  // a general protection fault (segment violation).
+  SetErrorMode(SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX | SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS);
+
+# if GTEST_HAS_SEH && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+  // The default unhandled exception filter does not always exit
+  // with the exception code as exit code - for example it exits with
+  // 0 for EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION and 1 for EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT
+  // if the application is compiled in debug mode. Thus we use our own
+  // filter which always exits with the exception code for unhandled
+  // exceptions.
+  SetUnhandledExceptionFilter(ExitWithExceptionCode);
+
+# endif
+#endif
+
+  testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_catch_exceptions_test.py b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_catch_exceptions_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e6fc22fd1fe5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_catch_exceptions_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright 2010 Google Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Tests Google Test's exception catching behavior.
+
+This script invokes gtest_catch_exceptions_test_ and
+gtest_catch_exceptions_ex_test_ (programs written with
+Google Test) and verifies their output.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)'
+
+import os
+
+import gtest_test_utils
+
+# Constants.
+FLAG_PREFIX = '--gtest_'
+LIST_TESTS_FLAG = FLAG_PREFIX + 'list_tests'
+NO_CATCH_EXCEPTIONS_FLAG = FLAG_PREFIX + 'catch_exceptions=0'
+FILTER_FLAG = FLAG_PREFIX + 'filter'
+
+# Path to the gtest_catch_exceptions_ex_test_ binary, compiled with
+# exceptions enabled.
+EX_EXE_PATH = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(
+    'gtest_catch_exceptions_ex_test_')
+
+# Path to the gtest_catch_exceptions_test_ binary, compiled with
+# exceptions disabled.
+EXE_PATH = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(
+    'gtest_catch_exceptions_no_ex_test_')
+
+environ = gtest_test_utils.environ
+SetEnvVar = gtest_test_utils.SetEnvVar
+
+# Tests in this file run a Google-Test-based test program and expect it
+# to terminate prematurely.  Therefore they are incompatible with
+# the premature-exit-file protocol by design.  Unset the
+# premature-exit filepath to prevent Google Test from creating
+# the file.
+SetEnvVar(gtest_test_utils.PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE_ENV_VAR, None)
+
+TEST_LIST = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
+    [EXE_PATH, LIST_TESTS_FLAG], env=environ).output
+
+SUPPORTS_SEH_EXCEPTIONS = 'ThrowsSehException' in TEST_LIST
+
+if SUPPORTS_SEH_EXCEPTIONS:
+  BINARY_OUTPUT = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess([EXE_PATH], env=environ).output
+
+EX_BINARY_OUTPUT = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
+    [EX_EXE_PATH], env=environ).output
+
+
+# The tests.
+if SUPPORTS_SEH_EXCEPTIONS:
+  # pylint:disable-msg=C6302
+  class CatchSehExceptionsTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
+    """Tests exception-catching behavior."""
+
+
+    def TestSehExceptions(self, test_output):
+      self.assert_('SEH exception with code 0x2a thrown '
+                   'in the test fixture\'s constructor'
+                   in test_output)
+      self.assert_('SEH exception with code 0x2a thrown '
+                   'in the test fixture\'s destructor'
+                   in test_output)
+      self.assert_('SEH exception with code 0x2a thrown in SetUpTestCase()'
+                   in test_output)
+      self.assert_('SEH exception with code 0x2a thrown in TearDownTestCase()'
+                   in test_output)
+      self.assert_('SEH exception with code 0x2a thrown in SetUp()'
+                   in test_output)
+      self.assert_('SEH exception with code 0x2a thrown in TearDown()'
+                   in test_output)
+      self.assert_('SEH exception with code 0x2a thrown in the test body'
+                   in test_output)
+
+    def testCatchesSehExceptionsWithCxxExceptionsEnabled(self):
+      self.TestSehExceptions(EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+
+    def testCatchesSehExceptionsWithCxxExceptionsDisabled(self):
+      self.TestSehExceptions(BINARY_OUTPUT)
+
+
+class CatchCxxExceptionsTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
+  """Tests C++ exception-catching behavior.
+
+     Tests in this test case verify that:
+     * C++ exceptions are caught and logged as C++ (not SEH) exceptions
+     * Exception thrown affect the remainder of the test work flow in the
+       expected manner.
+  """
+
+  def testCatchesCxxExceptionsInFixtureConstructor(self):
+    self.assert_('C++ exception with description '
+                 '"Standard C++ exception" thrown '
+                 'in the test fixture\'s constructor'
+                 in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+    self.assert_('unexpected' not in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+                 'This failure belongs in this test only if '
+                 '"CxxExceptionInConstructorTest" (no quotes) '
+                 'appears on the same line as words "called unexpectedly"')
+
+  if ('CxxExceptionInDestructorTest.ThrowsExceptionInDestructor' in
+      EX_BINARY_OUTPUT):
+
+    def testCatchesCxxExceptionsInFixtureDestructor(self):
+      self.assert_('C++ exception with description '
+                   '"Standard C++ exception" thrown '
+                   'in the test fixture\'s destructor'
+                   in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+      self.assert_('CxxExceptionInDestructorTest::TearDownTestCase() '
+                   'called as expected.'
+                   in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+
+  def testCatchesCxxExceptionsInSetUpTestCase(self):
+    self.assert_('C++ exception with description "Standard C++ exception"'
+                 ' thrown in SetUpTestCase()'
+                 in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+    self.assert_('CxxExceptionInConstructorTest::TearDownTestCase() '
+                 'called as expected.'
+                 in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+    self.assert_('CxxExceptionInSetUpTestCaseTest constructor '
+                 'called as expected.'
+                 in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+    self.assert_('CxxExceptionInSetUpTestCaseTest destructor '
+                 'called as expected.'
+                 in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+    self.assert_('CxxExceptionInSetUpTestCaseTest::SetUp() '
+                 'called as expected.'
+                 in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+    self.assert_('CxxExceptionInSetUpTestCaseTest::TearDown() '
+                 'called as expected.'
+                 in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+    self.assert_('CxxExceptionInSetUpTestCaseTest test body '
+                 'called as expected.'
+                 in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+
+  def testCatchesCxxExceptionsInTearDownTestCase(self):
+    self.assert_('C++ exception with description "Standard C++ exception"'
+                 ' thrown in TearDownTestCase()'
+                 in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+
+  def testCatchesCxxExceptionsInSetUp(self):
+    self.assert_('C++ exception with description "Standard C++ exception"'
+                 ' thrown in SetUp()'
+                 in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+    self.assert_('CxxExceptionInSetUpTest::TearDownTestCase() '
+                 'called as expected.'
+                 in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+    self.assert_('CxxExceptionInSetUpTest destructor '
+                 'called as expected.'
+                 in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+    self.assert_('CxxExceptionInSetUpTest::TearDown() '
+                 'called as expected.'
+                 in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+    self.assert_('unexpected' not in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+                 'This failure belongs in this test only if '
+                 '"CxxExceptionInSetUpTest" (no quotes) '
+                 'appears on the same line as words "called unexpectedly"')
+
+  def testCatchesCxxExceptionsInTearDown(self):
+    self.assert_('C++ exception with description "Standard C++ exception"'
+                 ' thrown in TearDown()'
+                 in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+    self.assert_('CxxExceptionInTearDownTest::TearDownTestCase() '
+                 'called as expected.'
+                 in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+    self.assert_('CxxExceptionInTearDownTest destructor '
+                 'called as expected.'
+                 in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+
+  def testCatchesCxxExceptionsInTestBody(self):
+    self.assert_('C++ exception with description "Standard C++ exception"'
+                 ' thrown in the test body'
+                 in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+    self.assert_('CxxExceptionInTestBodyTest::TearDownTestCase() '
+                 'called as expected.'
+                 in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+    self.assert_('CxxExceptionInTestBodyTest destructor '
+                 'called as expected.'
+                 in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+    self.assert_('CxxExceptionInTestBodyTest::TearDown() '
+                 'called as expected.'
+                 in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+
+  def testCatchesNonStdCxxExceptions(self):
+    self.assert_('Unknown C++ exception thrown in the test body'
+                 in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+
+  def testUnhandledCxxExceptionsAbortTheProgram(self):
+    # Filters out SEH exception tests on Windows. Unhandled SEH exceptions
+    # cause tests to show pop-up windows there.
+    FITLER_OUT_SEH_TESTS_FLAG = FILTER_FLAG + '=-*Seh*'
+    # By default, Google Test doesn't catch the exceptions.
+    uncaught_exceptions_ex_binary_output = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
+        [EX_EXE_PATH,
+         NO_CATCH_EXCEPTIONS_FLAG,
+         FITLER_OUT_SEH_TESTS_FLAG],
+        env=environ).output
+
+    self.assert_('Unhandled C++ exception terminating the program'
+                 in uncaught_exceptions_ex_binary_output)
+    self.assert_('unexpected' not in uncaught_exceptions_ex_binary_output)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  gtest_test_utils.Main()
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_catch_exceptions_test_.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_catch_exceptions_test_.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d0fc82c998d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_catch_exceptions_test_.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+// Copyright 2010, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
+//
+// Tests for Google Test itself. Tests in this file throw C++ or SEH
+// exceptions, and the output is verified by gtest_catch_exceptions_test.py.
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>  // NOLINT
+#include <stdlib.h>  // For exit().
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_SEH
+# include <windows.h>
+#endif
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+# include <exception>  // For set_terminate().
+# include <stdexcept>
+#endif
+
+using testing::Test;
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_SEH
+
+class SehExceptionInConstructorTest : public Test {
+ public:
+  SehExceptionInConstructorTest() { RaiseException(42, 0, 0, NULL); }
+};
+
+TEST_F(SehExceptionInConstructorTest, ThrowsExceptionInConstructor) {}
+
+class SehExceptionInDestructorTest : public Test {
+ public:
+  ~SehExceptionInDestructorTest() { RaiseException(42, 0, 0, NULL); }
+};
+
+TEST_F(SehExceptionInDestructorTest, ThrowsExceptionInDestructor) {}
+
+class SehExceptionInSetUpTestCaseTest : public Test {
+ public:
+  static void SetUpTestCase() { RaiseException(42, 0, 0, NULL); }
+};
+
+TEST_F(SehExceptionInSetUpTestCaseTest, ThrowsExceptionInSetUpTestCase) {}
+
+class SehExceptionInTearDownTestCaseTest : public Test {
+ public:
+  static void TearDownTestCase() { RaiseException(42, 0, 0, NULL); }
+};
+
+TEST_F(SehExceptionInTearDownTestCaseTest, ThrowsExceptionInTearDownTestCase) {}
+
+class SehExceptionInSetUpTest : public Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() { RaiseException(42, 0, 0, NULL); }
+};
+
+TEST_F(SehExceptionInSetUpTest, ThrowsExceptionInSetUp) {}
+
+class SehExceptionInTearDownTest : public Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void TearDown() { RaiseException(42, 0, 0, NULL); }
+};
+
+TEST_F(SehExceptionInTearDownTest, ThrowsExceptionInTearDown) {}
+
+TEST(SehExceptionTest, ThrowsSehException) {
+  RaiseException(42, 0, 0, NULL);
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+class CxxExceptionInConstructorTest : public Test {
+ public:
+  CxxExceptionInConstructorTest() {
+    // Without this macro VC++ complains about unreachable code at the end of
+    // the constructor.
+    GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(
+        throw std::runtime_error("Standard C++ exception"));
+  }
+
+  static void TearDownTestCase() {
+    printf("%s",
+           "CxxExceptionInConstructorTest::TearDownTestCase() "
+           "called as expected.\n");
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  ~CxxExceptionInConstructorTest() {
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "CxxExceptionInConstructorTest destructor "
+                  << "called unexpectedly.";
+  }
+
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "CxxExceptionInConstructorTest::SetUp() "
+                  << "called unexpectedly.";
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "CxxExceptionInConstructorTest::TearDown() "
+                  << "called unexpectedly.";
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(CxxExceptionInConstructorTest, ThrowsExceptionInConstructor) {
+  ADD_FAILURE() << "CxxExceptionInConstructorTest test body "
+                << "called unexpectedly.";
+}
+
+// Exceptions in destructors are not supported in C++11.
+#if !defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__) &&  __cplusplus < 201103L
+class CxxExceptionInDestructorTest : public Test {
+ public:
+  static void TearDownTestCase() {
+    printf("%s",
+           "CxxExceptionInDestructorTest::TearDownTestCase() "
+           "called as expected.\n");
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  ~CxxExceptionInDestructorTest() {
+    GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(
+        throw std::runtime_error("Standard C++ exception"));
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(CxxExceptionInDestructorTest, ThrowsExceptionInDestructor) {}
+#endif  // C++11 mode
+
+class CxxExceptionInSetUpTestCaseTest : public Test {
+ public:
+  CxxExceptionInSetUpTestCaseTest() {
+    printf("%s",
+           "CxxExceptionInSetUpTestCaseTest constructor "
+           "called as expected.\n");
+  }
+
+  static void SetUpTestCase() {
+    throw std::runtime_error("Standard C++ exception");
+  }
+
+  static void TearDownTestCase() {
+    printf("%s",
+           "CxxExceptionInSetUpTestCaseTest::TearDownTestCase() "
+           "called as expected.\n");
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  ~CxxExceptionInSetUpTestCaseTest() {
+    printf("%s",
+           "CxxExceptionInSetUpTestCaseTest destructor "
+           "called as expected.\n");
+  }
+
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    printf("%s",
+           "CxxExceptionInSetUpTestCaseTest::SetUp() "
+           "called as expected.\n");
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    printf("%s",
+           "CxxExceptionInSetUpTestCaseTest::TearDown() "
+           "called as expected.\n");
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(CxxExceptionInSetUpTestCaseTest, ThrowsExceptionInSetUpTestCase) {
+  printf("%s",
+         "CxxExceptionInSetUpTestCaseTest test body "
+         "called as expected.\n");
+}
+
+class CxxExceptionInTearDownTestCaseTest : public Test {
+ public:
+  static void TearDownTestCase() {
+    throw std::runtime_error("Standard C++ exception");
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(CxxExceptionInTearDownTestCaseTest, ThrowsExceptionInTearDownTestCase) {}
+
+class CxxExceptionInSetUpTest : public Test {
+ public:
+  static void TearDownTestCase() {
+    printf("%s",
+           "CxxExceptionInSetUpTest::TearDownTestCase() "
+           "called as expected.\n");
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  ~CxxExceptionInSetUpTest() {
+    printf("%s",
+           "CxxExceptionInSetUpTest destructor "
+           "called as expected.\n");
+  }
+
+  virtual void SetUp() { throw std::runtime_error("Standard C++ exception"); }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    printf("%s",
+           "CxxExceptionInSetUpTest::TearDown() "
+           "called as expected.\n");
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(CxxExceptionInSetUpTest, ThrowsExceptionInSetUp) {
+  ADD_FAILURE() << "CxxExceptionInSetUpTest test body "
+                << "called unexpectedly.";
+}
+
+class CxxExceptionInTearDownTest : public Test {
+ public:
+  static void TearDownTestCase() {
+    printf("%s",
+           "CxxExceptionInTearDownTest::TearDownTestCase() "
+           "called as expected.\n");
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  ~CxxExceptionInTearDownTest() {
+    printf("%s",
+           "CxxExceptionInTearDownTest destructor "
+           "called as expected.\n");
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    throw std::runtime_error("Standard C++ exception");
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(CxxExceptionInTearDownTest, ThrowsExceptionInTearDown) {}
+
+class CxxExceptionInTestBodyTest : public Test {
+ public:
+  static void TearDownTestCase() {
+    printf("%s",
+           "CxxExceptionInTestBodyTest::TearDownTestCase() "
+           "called as expected.\n");
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  ~CxxExceptionInTestBodyTest() {
+    printf("%s",
+           "CxxExceptionInTestBodyTest destructor "
+           "called as expected.\n");
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    printf("%s",
+           "CxxExceptionInTestBodyTest::TearDown() "
+           "called as expected.\n");
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(CxxExceptionInTestBodyTest, ThrowsStdCxxException) {
+  throw std::runtime_error("Standard C++ exception");
+}
+
+TEST(CxxExceptionTest, ThrowsNonStdCxxException) {
+  throw "C-string";
+}
+
+// This terminate handler aborts the program using exit() rather than abort().
+// This avoids showing pop-ups on Windows systems and core dumps on Unix-like
+// ones.
+void TerminateHandler() {
+  fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", "Unhandled C++ exception terminating the program.");
+  fflush(NULL);
+  exit(3);
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+  std::set_terminate(&TerminateHandler);
+#endif
+  testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_color_test.py b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_color_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d02a53ed857c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_color_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Verifies that Google Test correctly determines whether to use colors."""
+
+__author__ = 'wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)'
+
+import os
+import gtest_test_utils
+
+
+IS_WINDOWS = os.name = 'nt'
+
+COLOR_ENV_VAR = 'GTEST_COLOR'
+COLOR_FLAG = 'gtest_color'
+COMMAND = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath('gtest_color_test_')
+
+
+def SetEnvVar(env_var, value):
+  """Sets the env variable to 'value'; unsets it when 'value' is None."""
+
+  if value is not None:
+    os.environ[env_var] = value
+  elif env_var in os.environ:
+    del os.environ[env_var]
+
+
+def UsesColor(term, color_env_var, color_flag):
+  """Runs gtest_color_test_ and returns its exit code."""
+
+  SetEnvVar('TERM', term)
+  SetEnvVar(COLOR_ENV_VAR, color_env_var)
+
+  if color_flag is None:
+    args = []
+  else:
+    args = ['--%s=%s' % (COLOR_FLAG, color_flag)]
+  p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess([COMMAND] + args)
+  return not p.exited or p.exit_code
+
+
+class GTestColorTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
+  def testNoEnvVarNoFlag(self):
+    """Tests the case when there's neither GTEST_COLOR nor --gtest_color."""
+
+    if not IS_WINDOWS:
+      self.assert_(not UsesColor('dumb', None, None))
+      self.assert_(not UsesColor('emacs', None, None))
+      self.assert_(not UsesColor('xterm-mono', None, None))
+      self.assert_(not UsesColor('unknown', None, None))
+      self.assert_(not UsesColor(None, None, None))
+    self.assert_(UsesColor('linux', None, None))
+    self.assert_(UsesColor('cygwin', None, None))
+    self.assert_(UsesColor('xterm', None, None))
+    self.assert_(UsesColor('xterm-color', None, None))
+    self.assert_(UsesColor('xterm-256color', None, None))
+
+  def testFlagOnly(self):
+    """Tests the case when there's --gtest_color but not GTEST_COLOR."""
+
+    self.assert_(not UsesColor('dumb', None, 'no'))
+    self.assert_(not UsesColor('xterm-color', None, 'no'))
+    if not IS_WINDOWS:
+      self.assert_(not UsesColor('emacs', None, 'auto'))
+    self.assert_(UsesColor('xterm', None, 'auto'))
+    self.assert_(UsesColor('dumb', None, 'yes'))
+    self.assert_(UsesColor('xterm', None, 'yes'))
+
+  def testEnvVarOnly(self):
+    """Tests the case when there's GTEST_COLOR but not --gtest_color."""
+
+    self.assert_(not UsesColor('dumb', 'no', None))
+    self.assert_(not UsesColor('xterm-color', 'no', None))
+    if not IS_WINDOWS:
+      self.assert_(not UsesColor('dumb', 'auto', None))
+    self.assert_(UsesColor('xterm-color', 'auto', None))
+    self.assert_(UsesColor('dumb', 'yes', None))
+    self.assert_(UsesColor('xterm-color', 'yes', None))
+
+  def testEnvVarAndFlag(self):
+    """Tests the case when there are both GTEST_COLOR and --gtest_color."""
+
+    self.assert_(not UsesColor('xterm-color', 'no', 'no'))
+    self.assert_(UsesColor('dumb', 'no', 'yes'))
+    self.assert_(UsesColor('xterm-color', 'no', 'auto'))
+
+  def testAliasesOfYesAndNo(self):
+    """Tests using aliases in specifying --gtest_color."""
+
+    self.assert_(UsesColor('dumb', None, 'true'))
+    self.assert_(UsesColor('dumb', None, 'YES'))
+    self.assert_(UsesColor('dumb', None, 'T'))
+    self.assert_(UsesColor('dumb', None, '1'))
+
+    self.assert_(not UsesColor('xterm', None, 'f'))
+    self.assert_(not UsesColor('xterm', None, 'false'))
+    self.assert_(not UsesColor('xterm', None, '0'))
+    self.assert_(not UsesColor('xterm', None, 'unknown'))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  gtest_test_utils.Main()
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_color_test_.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_color_test_.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f61ebb89b84e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_color_test_.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+// A helper program for testing how Google Test determines whether to use
+// colors in the output.  It prints "YES" and returns 1 if Google Test
+// decides to use colors, and prints "NO" and returns 0 otherwise.
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
+// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
+// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
+// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
+// his code.
+#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
+#include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
+#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
+
+using testing::internal::ShouldUseColor;
+
+// The purpose of this is to ensure that the UnitTest singleton is
+// created before main() is entered, and thus that ShouldUseColor()
+// works the same way as in a real Google-Test-based test.  We don't actual
+// run the TEST itself.
+TEST(GTestColorTest, Dummy) {
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+  if (ShouldUseColor(true)) {
+    // Google Test decides to use colors in the output (assuming it
+    // goes to a TTY).
+    printf("YES\n");
+    return 1;
+  } else {
+    // Google Test decides not to use colors in the output.
+    printf("NO\n");
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_env_var_test.py b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_env_var_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..424075cfa374
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_env_var_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Verifies that Google Test correctly parses environment variables."""
+
+__author__ = 'wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)'
+
+import os
+import gtest_test_utils
+
+
+IS_WINDOWS = os.name == 'nt'
+IS_LINUX = os.name == 'posix' and os.uname()[0] == 'Linux'
+
+COMMAND = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath('gtest_env_var_test_')
+
+environ = os.environ.copy()
+
+
+def AssertEq(expected, actual):
+  if expected != actual:
+    print('Expected: %s' % (expected,))
+    print('  Actual: %s' % (actual,))
+    raise AssertionError
+
+
+def SetEnvVar(env_var, value):
+  """Sets the env variable to 'value'; unsets it when 'value' is None."""
+
+  if value is not None:
+    environ[env_var] = value
+  elif env_var in environ:
+    del environ[env_var]
+
+
+def GetFlag(flag):
+  """Runs gtest_env_var_test_ and returns its output."""
+
+  args = [COMMAND]
+  if flag is not None:
+    args += [flag]
+  return gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(args, env=environ).output
+
+
+def TestFlag(flag, test_val, default_val):
+  """Verifies that the given flag is affected by the corresponding env var."""
+
+  env_var = 'GTEST_' + flag.upper()
+  SetEnvVar(env_var, test_val)
+  AssertEq(test_val, GetFlag(flag))
+  SetEnvVar(env_var, None)
+  AssertEq(default_val, GetFlag(flag))
+
+
+class GTestEnvVarTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
+  def testEnvVarAffectsFlag(self):
+    """Tests that environment variable should affect the corresponding flag."""
+
+    TestFlag('break_on_failure', '1', '0')
+    TestFlag('color', 'yes', 'auto')
+    TestFlag('filter', 'FooTest.Bar', '*')
+    SetEnvVar('XML_OUTPUT_FILE', None) # For 'output' test
+    TestFlag('output', 'xml:tmp/foo.xml', '')
+    TestFlag('print_time', '0', '1')
+    TestFlag('repeat', '999', '1')
+    TestFlag('throw_on_failure', '1', '0')
+    TestFlag('death_test_style', 'threadsafe', 'fast')
+    TestFlag('catch_exceptions', '0', '1')
+
+    if IS_LINUX:
+      TestFlag('death_test_use_fork', '1', '0')
+      TestFlag('stack_trace_depth', '0', '100')
+
+  def testXmlOutputFile(self):
+    """Tests that $XML_OUTPUT_FILE affects the output flag."""
+
+    SetEnvVar('GTEST_OUTPUT', None)
+    SetEnvVar('XML_OUTPUT_FILE', 'tmp/bar.xml')
+    AssertEq('xml:tmp/bar.xml', GetFlag('output'))
+
+  def testXmlOutputFileOverride(self):
+    """Tests that $XML_OUTPUT_FILE is overridden by $GTEST_OUTPUT"""
+
+    SetEnvVar('GTEST_OUTPUT', 'xml:tmp/foo.xml')
+    SetEnvVar('XML_OUTPUT_FILE', 'tmp/bar.xml')
+    AssertEq('xml:tmp/foo.xml', GetFlag('output'))
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  gtest_test_utils.Main()
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_env_var_test_.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_env_var_test_.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..539afc96837e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_env_var_test_.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+// A helper program for testing that Google Test parses the environment
+// variables correctly.
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
+#include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
+#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
+
+using ::std::cout;
+
+namespace testing {
+
+// The purpose of this is to make the test more realistic by ensuring
+// that the UnitTest singleton is created before main() is entered.
+// We don't actual run the TEST itself.
+TEST(GTestEnvVarTest, Dummy) {
+}
+
+void PrintFlag(const char* flag) {
+  if (strcmp(flag, "break_on_failure") == 0) {
+    cout << GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (strcmp(flag, "catch_exceptions") == 0) {
+    cout << GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (strcmp(flag, "color") == 0) {
+    cout << GTEST_FLAG(color);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (strcmp(flag, "death_test_style") == 0) {
+    cout << GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (strcmp(flag, "death_test_use_fork") == 0) {
+    cout << GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (strcmp(flag, "filter") == 0) {
+    cout << GTEST_FLAG(filter);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (strcmp(flag, "output") == 0) {
+    cout << GTEST_FLAG(output);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (strcmp(flag, "print_time") == 0) {
+    cout << GTEST_FLAG(print_time);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (strcmp(flag, "repeat") == 0) {
+    cout << GTEST_FLAG(repeat);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (strcmp(flag, "stack_trace_depth") == 0) {
+    cout << GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (strcmp(flag, "throw_on_failure") == 0) {
+    cout << GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  cout << "Invalid flag name " << flag
+       << ".  Valid names are break_on_failure, color, filter, etc.\n";
+  exit(1);
+}
+
+}  // namespace testing
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+  if (argc != 2) {
+    cout << "Usage: gtest_env_var_test_ NAME_OF_FLAG\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  testing::PrintFlag(argv[1]);
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_environment_test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_environment_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3cff19e70edc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_environment_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+//
+// Tests using global test environments.
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1  // Required for the next #include.
+#include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
+#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
+
+namespace testing {
+GTEST_DECLARE_string_(filter);
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+enum FailureType {
+  NO_FAILURE, NON_FATAL_FAILURE, FATAL_FAILURE
+};
+
+// For testing using global test environments.
+class MyEnvironment : public testing::Environment {
+ public:
+  MyEnvironment() { Reset(); }
+
+  // Depending on the value of failure_in_set_up_, SetUp() will
+  // generate a non-fatal failure, generate a fatal failure, or
+  // succeed.
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    set_up_was_run_ = true;
+
+    switch (failure_in_set_up_) {
+      case NON_FATAL_FAILURE:
+        ADD_FAILURE() << "Expected non-fatal failure in global set-up.";
+        break;
+      case FATAL_FAILURE:
+        FAIL() << "Expected fatal failure in global set-up.";
+        break;
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Generates a non-fatal failure.
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    tear_down_was_run_ = true;
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "Expected non-fatal failure in global tear-down.";
+  }
+
+  // Resets the state of the environment s.t. it can be reused.
+  void Reset() {
+    failure_in_set_up_ = NO_FAILURE;
+    set_up_was_run_ = false;
+    tear_down_was_run_ = false;
+  }
+
+  // We call this function to set the type of failure SetUp() should
+  // generate.
+  void set_failure_in_set_up(FailureType type) {
+    failure_in_set_up_ = type;
+  }
+
+  // Was SetUp() run?
+  bool set_up_was_run() const { return set_up_was_run_; }
+
+  // Was TearDown() run?
+  bool tear_down_was_run() const { return tear_down_was_run_; }
+
+ private:
+  FailureType failure_in_set_up_;
+  bool set_up_was_run_;
+  bool tear_down_was_run_;
+};
+
+// Was the TEST run?
+bool test_was_run;
+
+// The sole purpose of this TEST is to enable us to check whether it
+// was run.
+TEST(FooTest, Bar) {
+  test_was_run = true;
+}
+
+// Prints the message and aborts the program if condition is false.
+void Check(bool condition, const char* msg) {
+  if (!condition) {
+    printf("FAILED: %s\n", msg);
+    testing::internal::posix::Abort();
+  }
+}
+
+// Runs the tests.  Return true iff successful.
+//
+// The 'failure' parameter specifies the type of failure that should
+// be generated by the global set-up.
+int RunAllTests(MyEnvironment* env, FailureType failure) {
+  env->Reset();
+  env->set_failure_in_set_up(failure);
+  test_was_run = false;
+  testing::internal::GetUnitTestImpl()->ClearAdHocTestResult();
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+  // Registers a global test environment, and verifies that the
+  // registration function returns its argument.
+  MyEnvironment* const env = new MyEnvironment;
+  Check(testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(env) == env,
+        "AddGlobalTestEnvironment() should return its argument.");
+
+  // Verifies that RUN_ALL_TESTS() runs the tests when the global
+  // set-up is successful.
+  Check(RunAllTests(env, NO_FAILURE) != 0,
+        "RUN_ALL_TESTS() should return non-zero, as the global tear-down "
+        "should generate a failure.");
+  Check(test_was_run,
+        "The tests should run, as the global set-up should generate no "
+        "failure");
+  Check(env->tear_down_was_run(),
+        "The global tear-down should run, as the global set-up was run.");
+
+  // Verifies that RUN_ALL_TESTS() runs the tests when the global
+  // set-up generates no fatal failure.
+  Check(RunAllTests(env, NON_FATAL_FAILURE) != 0,
+        "RUN_ALL_TESTS() should return non-zero, as both the global set-up "
+        "and the global tear-down should generate a non-fatal failure.");
+  Check(test_was_run,
+        "The tests should run, as the global set-up should generate no "
+        "fatal failure.");
+  Check(env->tear_down_was_run(),
+        "The global tear-down should run, as the global set-up was run.");
+
+  // Verifies that RUN_ALL_TESTS() runs no test when the global set-up
+  // generates a fatal failure.
+  Check(RunAllTests(env, FATAL_FAILURE) != 0,
+        "RUN_ALL_TESTS() should return non-zero, as the global set-up "
+        "should generate a fatal failure.");
+  Check(!test_was_run,
+        "The tests should not run, as the global set-up should generate "
+        "a fatal failure.");
+  Check(env->tear_down_was_run(),
+        "The global tear-down should run, as the global set-up was run.");
+
+  // Verifies that RUN_ALL_TESTS() doesn't do global set-up or
+  // tear-down when there is no test to run.
+  testing::GTEST_FLAG(filter) = "-*";
+  Check(RunAllTests(env, NO_FAILURE) == 0,
+        "RUN_ALL_TESTS() should return zero, as there is no test to run.");
+  Check(!env->set_up_was_run(),
+        "The global set-up should not run, as there is no test to run.");
+  Check(!env->tear_down_was_run(),
+        "The global tear-down should not run, "
+        "as the global set-up was not run.");
+
+  printf("PASS\n");
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_filter_unittest.py b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_filter_unittest.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ec0b151b11bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_filter_unittest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,636 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright 2005 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Unit test for Google Test test filters.
+
+A user can specify which test(s) in a Google Test program to run via either
+the GTEST_FILTER environment variable or the --gtest_filter flag.
+This script tests such functionality by invoking
+gtest_filter_unittest_ (a program written with Google Test) with different
+environments and command line flags.
+
+Note that test sharding may also influence which tests are filtered. Therefore,
+we test that here also.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)'
+
+import os
+import re
+try:
+  from sets import Set as set  # For Python 2.3 compatibility
+except ImportError:
+  pass
+import sys
+
+import gtest_test_utils
+
+# Constants.
+
+# Checks if this platform can pass empty environment variables to child
+# processes.  We set an env variable to an empty string and invoke a python
+# script in a subprocess to print whether the variable is STILL in
+# os.environ.  We then use 'eval' to parse the child's output so that an
+# exception is thrown if the input is anything other than 'True' nor 'False'.
+os.environ['EMPTY_VAR'] = ''
+child = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
+    [sys.executable, '-c', 'import os; print(\'EMPTY_VAR\' in os.environ)'])
+CAN_PASS_EMPTY_ENV = eval(child.output)
+
+
+# Check if this platform can unset environment variables in child processes.
+# We set an env variable to a non-empty string, unset it, and invoke
+# a python script in a subprocess to print whether the variable
+# is NO LONGER in os.environ.
+# We use 'eval' to parse the child's output so that an exception
+# is thrown if the input is neither 'True' nor 'False'.
+os.environ['UNSET_VAR'] = 'X'
+del os.environ['UNSET_VAR']
+child = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
+    [sys.executable, '-c', 'import os; print(\'UNSET_VAR\' not in os.environ)'])
+CAN_UNSET_ENV = eval(child.output)
+
+
+# Checks if we should test with an empty filter. This doesn't
+# make sense on platforms that cannot pass empty env variables (Win32)
+# and on platforms that cannot unset variables (since we cannot tell
+# the difference between "" and NULL -- Borland and Solaris < 5.10)
+CAN_TEST_EMPTY_FILTER = (CAN_PASS_EMPTY_ENV and CAN_UNSET_ENV)
+
+
+# The environment variable for specifying the test filters.
+FILTER_ENV_VAR = 'GTEST_FILTER'
+
+# The environment variables for test sharding.
+TOTAL_SHARDS_ENV_VAR = 'GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS'
+SHARD_INDEX_ENV_VAR = 'GTEST_SHARD_INDEX'
+SHARD_STATUS_FILE_ENV_VAR = 'GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE'
+
+# The command line flag for specifying the test filters.
+FILTER_FLAG = 'gtest_filter'
+
+# The command line flag for including disabled tests.
+ALSO_RUN_DISABED_TESTS_FLAG = 'gtest_also_run_disabled_tests'
+
+# Command to run the gtest_filter_unittest_ program.
+COMMAND = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath('gtest_filter_unittest_')
+
+# Regex for determining whether parameterized tests are enabled in the binary.
+PARAM_TEST_REGEX = re.compile(r'/ParamTest')
+
+# Regex for parsing test case names from Google Test's output.
+TEST_CASE_REGEX = re.compile(r'^\[\-+\] \d+ tests? from (\w+(/\w+)?)')
+
+# Regex for parsing test names from Google Test's output.
+TEST_REGEX = re.compile(r'^\[\s*RUN\s*\].*\.(\w+(/\w+)?)')
+
+# The command line flag to tell Google Test to output the list of tests it
+# will run.
+LIST_TESTS_FLAG = '--gtest_list_tests'
+
+# Indicates whether Google Test supports death tests.
+SUPPORTS_DEATH_TESTS = 'HasDeathTest' in gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
+    [COMMAND, LIST_TESTS_FLAG]).output
+
+# Full names of all tests in gtest_filter_unittests_.
+PARAM_TESTS = [
+    'SeqP/ParamTest.TestX/0',
+    'SeqP/ParamTest.TestX/1',
+    'SeqP/ParamTest.TestY/0',
+    'SeqP/ParamTest.TestY/1',
+    'SeqQ/ParamTest.TestX/0',
+    'SeqQ/ParamTest.TestX/1',
+    'SeqQ/ParamTest.TestY/0',
+    'SeqQ/ParamTest.TestY/1',
+    ]
+
+DISABLED_TESTS = [
+    'BarTest.DISABLED_TestFour',
+    'BarTest.DISABLED_TestFive',
+    'BazTest.DISABLED_TestC',
+    'DISABLED_FoobarTest.Test1',
+    'DISABLED_FoobarTest.DISABLED_Test2',
+    'DISABLED_FoobarbazTest.TestA',
+    ]
+
+if SUPPORTS_DEATH_TESTS:
+  DEATH_TESTS = [
+    'HasDeathTest.Test1',
+    'HasDeathTest.Test2',
+    ]
+else:
+  DEATH_TESTS = []
+
+# All the non-disabled tests.
+ACTIVE_TESTS = [
+    'FooTest.Abc',
+    'FooTest.Xyz',
+
+    'BarTest.TestOne',
+    'BarTest.TestTwo',
+    'BarTest.TestThree',
+
+    'BazTest.TestOne',
+    'BazTest.TestA',
+    'BazTest.TestB',
+    ] + DEATH_TESTS + PARAM_TESTS
+
+param_tests_present = None
+
+# Utilities.
+
+environ = os.environ.copy()
+
+
+def SetEnvVar(env_var, value):
+  """Sets the env variable to 'value'; unsets it when 'value' is None."""
+
+  if value is not None:
+    environ[env_var] = value
+  elif env_var in environ:
+    del environ[env_var]
+
+
+def RunAndReturnOutput(args = None):
+  """Runs the test program and returns its output."""
+
+  return gtest_test_utils.Subprocess([COMMAND] + (args or []),
+                                     env=environ).output
+
+
+def RunAndExtractTestList(args = None):
+  """Runs the test program and returns its exit code and a list of tests run."""
+
+  p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess([COMMAND] + (args or []), env=environ)
+  tests_run = []
+  test_case = ''
+  test = ''
+  for line in p.output.split('\n'):
+    match = TEST_CASE_REGEX.match(line)
+    if match is not None:
+      test_case = match.group(1)
+    else:
+      match = TEST_REGEX.match(line)
+      if match is not None:
+        test = match.group(1)
+        tests_run.append(test_case + '.' + test)
+  return (tests_run, p.exit_code)
+
+
+def InvokeWithModifiedEnv(extra_env, function, *args, **kwargs):
+  """Runs the given function and arguments in a modified environment."""
+  try:
+    original_env = environ.copy()
+    environ.update(extra_env)
+    return function(*args, **kwargs)
+  finally:
+    environ.clear()
+    environ.update(original_env)
+
+
+def RunWithSharding(total_shards, shard_index, command):
+  """Runs a test program shard and returns exit code and a list of tests run."""
+
+  extra_env = {SHARD_INDEX_ENV_VAR: str(shard_index),
+               TOTAL_SHARDS_ENV_VAR: str(total_shards)}
+  return InvokeWithModifiedEnv(extra_env, RunAndExtractTestList, command)
+
+# The unit test.
+
+
+class GTestFilterUnitTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
+  """Tests the env variable or the command line flag to filter tests."""
+
+  # Utilities.
+
+  def AssertSetEqual(self, lhs, rhs):
+    """Asserts that two sets are equal."""
+
+    for elem in lhs:
+      self.assert_(elem in rhs, '%s in %s' % (elem, rhs))
+
+    for elem in rhs:
+      self.assert_(elem in lhs, '%s in %s' % (elem, lhs))
+
+  def AssertPartitionIsValid(self, set_var, list_of_sets):
+    """Asserts that list_of_sets is a valid partition of set_var."""
+
+    full_partition = []
+    for slice_var in list_of_sets:
+      full_partition.extend(slice_var)
+    self.assertEqual(len(set_var), len(full_partition))
+    self.assertEqual(set(set_var), set(full_partition))
+
+  def AdjustForParameterizedTests(self, tests_to_run):
+    """Adjust tests_to_run in case value parameterized tests are disabled."""
+
+    global param_tests_present
+    if not param_tests_present:
+      return list(set(tests_to_run) - set(PARAM_TESTS))
+    else:
+      return tests_to_run
+
+  def RunAndVerify(self, gtest_filter, tests_to_run):
+    """Checks that the binary runs correct set of tests for a given filter."""
+
+    tests_to_run = self.AdjustForParameterizedTests(tests_to_run)
+
+    # First, tests using the environment variable.
+
+    # Windows removes empty variables from the environment when passing it
+    # to a new process.  This means it is impossible to pass an empty filter
+    # into a process using the environment variable.  However, we can still
+    # test the case when the variable is not supplied (i.e., gtest_filter is
+    # None).
+    # pylint: disable-msg=C6403
+    if CAN_TEST_EMPTY_FILTER or gtest_filter != '':
+      SetEnvVar(FILTER_ENV_VAR, gtest_filter)
+      tests_run = RunAndExtractTestList()[0]
+      SetEnvVar(FILTER_ENV_VAR, None)
+      self.AssertSetEqual(tests_run, tests_to_run)
+    # pylint: enable-msg=C6403
+
+    # Next, tests using the command line flag.
+
+    if gtest_filter is None:
+      args = []
+    else:
+      args = ['--%s=%s' % (FILTER_FLAG, gtest_filter)]
+
+    tests_run = RunAndExtractTestList(args)[0]
+    self.AssertSetEqual(tests_run, tests_to_run)
+
+  def RunAndVerifyWithSharding(self, gtest_filter, total_shards, tests_to_run,
+                               args=None, check_exit_0=False):
+    """Checks that binary runs correct tests for the given filter and shard.
+
+    Runs all shards of gtest_filter_unittest_ with the given filter, and
+    verifies that the right set of tests were run. The union of tests run
+    on each shard should be identical to tests_to_run, without duplicates.
+
+    Args:
+      gtest_filter: A filter to apply to the tests.
+      total_shards: A total number of shards to split test run into.
+      tests_to_run: A set of tests expected to run.
+      args   :      Arguments to pass to the to the test binary.
+      check_exit_0: When set to a true value, make sure that all shards
+                    return 0.
+    """
+
+    tests_to_run = self.AdjustForParameterizedTests(tests_to_run)
+
+    # Windows removes empty variables from the environment when passing it
+    # to a new process.  This means it is impossible to pass an empty filter
+    # into a process using the environment variable.  However, we can still
+    # test the case when the variable is not supplied (i.e., gtest_filter is
+    # None).
+    # pylint: disable-msg=C6403
+    if CAN_TEST_EMPTY_FILTER or gtest_filter != '':
+      SetEnvVar(FILTER_ENV_VAR, gtest_filter)
+      partition = []
+      for i in range(0, total_shards):
+        (tests_run, exit_code) = RunWithSharding(total_shards, i, args)
+        if check_exit_0:
+          self.assertEqual(0, exit_code)
+        partition.append(tests_run)
+
+      self.AssertPartitionIsValid(tests_to_run, partition)
+      SetEnvVar(FILTER_ENV_VAR, None)
+    # pylint: enable-msg=C6403
+
+  def RunAndVerifyAllowingDisabled(self, gtest_filter, tests_to_run):
+    """Checks that the binary runs correct set of tests for the given filter.
+
+    Runs gtest_filter_unittest_ with the given filter, and enables
+    disabled tests. Verifies that the right set of tests were run.
+
+    Args:
+      gtest_filter: A filter to apply to the tests.
+      tests_to_run: A set of tests expected to run.
+    """
+
+    tests_to_run = self.AdjustForParameterizedTests(tests_to_run)
+
+    # Construct the command line.
+    args = ['--%s' % ALSO_RUN_DISABED_TESTS_FLAG]
+    if gtest_filter is not None:
+      args.append('--%s=%s' % (FILTER_FLAG, gtest_filter))
+
+    tests_run = RunAndExtractTestList(args)[0]
+    self.AssertSetEqual(tests_run, tests_to_run)
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    """Sets up test case.
+
+    Determines whether value-parameterized tests are enabled in the binary and
+    sets the flags accordingly.
+    """
+
+    global param_tests_present
+    if param_tests_present is None:
+      param_tests_present = PARAM_TEST_REGEX.search(
+          RunAndReturnOutput()) is not None
+
+  def testDefaultBehavior(self):
+    """Tests the behavior of not specifying the filter."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerify(None, ACTIVE_TESTS)
+
+  def testDefaultBehaviorWithShards(self):
+    """Tests the behavior without the filter, with sharding enabled."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerifyWithSharding(None, 1, ACTIVE_TESTS)
+    self.RunAndVerifyWithSharding(None, 2, ACTIVE_TESTS)
+    self.RunAndVerifyWithSharding(None, len(ACTIVE_TESTS) - 1, ACTIVE_TESTS)
+    self.RunAndVerifyWithSharding(None, len(ACTIVE_TESTS), ACTIVE_TESTS)
+    self.RunAndVerifyWithSharding(None, len(ACTIVE_TESTS) + 1, ACTIVE_TESTS)
+
+  def testEmptyFilter(self):
+    """Tests an empty filter."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerify('', [])
+    self.RunAndVerifyWithSharding('', 1, [])
+    self.RunAndVerifyWithSharding('', 2, [])
+
+  def testBadFilter(self):
+    """Tests a filter that matches nothing."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerify('BadFilter', [])
+    self.RunAndVerifyAllowingDisabled('BadFilter', [])
+
+  def testFullName(self):
+    """Tests filtering by full name."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerify('FooTest.Xyz', ['FooTest.Xyz'])
+    self.RunAndVerifyAllowingDisabled('FooTest.Xyz', ['FooTest.Xyz'])
+    self.RunAndVerifyWithSharding('FooTest.Xyz', 5, ['FooTest.Xyz'])
+
+  def testUniversalFilters(self):
+    """Tests filters that match everything."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerify('*', ACTIVE_TESTS)
+    self.RunAndVerify('*.*', ACTIVE_TESTS)
+    self.RunAndVerifyWithSharding('*.*', len(ACTIVE_TESTS) - 3, ACTIVE_TESTS)
+    self.RunAndVerifyAllowingDisabled('*', ACTIVE_TESTS + DISABLED_TESTS)
+    self.RunAndVerifyAllowingDisabled('*.*', ACTIVE_TESTS + DISABLED_TESTS)
+
+  def testFilterByTestCase(self):
+    """Tests filtering by test case name."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerify('FooTest.*', ['FooTest.Abc', 'FooTest.Xyz'])
+
+    BAZ_TESTS = ['BazTest.TestOne', 'BazTest.TestA', 'BazTest.TestB']
+    self.RunAndVerify('BazTest.*', BAZ_TESTS)
+    self.RunAndVerifyAllowingDisabled('BazTest.*',
+                                      BAZ_TESTS + ['BazTest.DISABLED_TestC'])
+
+  def testFilterByTest(self):
+    """Tests filtering by test name."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerify('*.TestOne', ['BarTest.TestOne', 'BazTest.TestOne'])
+
+  def testFilterDisabledTests(self):
+    """Select only the disabled tests to run."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerify('DISABLED_FoobarTest.Test1', [])
+    self.RunAndVerifyAllowingDisabled('DISABLED_FoobarTest.Test1',
+                                      ['DISABLED_FoobarTest.Test1'])
+
+    self.RunAndVerify('*DISABLED_*', [])
+    self.RunAndVerifyAllowingDisabled('*DISABLED_*', DISABLED_TESTS)
+
+    self.RunAndVerify('*.DISABLED_*', [])
+    self.RunAndVerifyAllowingDisabled('*.DISABLED_*', [
+        'BarTest.DISABLED_TestFour',
+        'BarTest.DISABLED_TestFive',
+        'BazTest.DISABLED_TestC',
+        'DISABLED_FoobarTest.DISABLED_Test2',
+        ])
+
+    self.RunAndVerify('DISABLED_*', [])
+    self.RunAndVerifyAllowingDisabled('DISABLED_*', [
+        'DISABLED_FoobarTest.Test1',
+        'DISABLED_FoobarTest.DISABLED_Test2',
+        'DISABLED_FoobarbazTest.TestA',
+        ])
+
+  def testWildcardInTestCaseName(self):
+    """Tests using wildcard in the test case name."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerify('*a*.*', [
+        'BarTest.TestOne',
+        'BarTest.TestTwo',
+        'BarTest.TestThree',
+
+        'BazTest.TestOne',
+        'BazTest.TestA',
+        'BazTest.TestB', ] + DEATH_TESTS + PARAM_TESTS)
+
+  def testWildcardInTestName(self):
+    """Tests using wildcard in the test name."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerify('*.*A*', ['FooTest.Abc', 'BazTest.TestA'])
+
+  def testFilterWithoutDot(self):
+    """Tests a filter that has no '.' in it."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerify('*z*', [
+        'FooTest.Xyz',
+
+        'BazTest.TestOne',
+        'BazTest.TestA',
+        'BazTest.TestB',
+        ])
+
+  def testTwoPatterns(self):
+    """Tests filters that consist of two patterns."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerify('Foo*.*:*A*', [
+        'FooTest.Abc',
+        'FooTest.Xyz',
+
+        'BazTest.TestA',
+        ])
+
+    # An empty pattern + a non-empty one
+    self.RunAndVerify(':*A*', ['FooTest.Abc', 'BazTest.TestA'])
+
+  def testThreePatterns(self):
+    """Tests filters that consist of three patterns."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerify('*oo*:*A*:*One', [
+        'FooTest.Abc',
+        'FooTest.Xyz',
+
+        'BarTest.TestOne',
+
+        'BazTest.TestOne',
+        'BazTest.TestA',
+        ])
+
+    # The 2nd pattern is empty.
+    self.RunAndVerify('*oo*::*One', [
+        'FooTest.Abc',
+        'FooTest.Xyz',
+
+        'BarTest.TestOne',
+
+        'BazTest.TestOne',
+        ])
+
+    # The last 2 patterns are empty.
+    self.RunAndVerify('*oo*::', [
+        'FooTest.Abc',
+        'FooTest.Xyz',
+        ])
+
+  def testNegativeFilters(self):
+    self.RunAndVerify('*-BazTest.TestOne', [
+        'FooTest.Abc',
+        'FooTest.Xyz',
+
+        'BarTest.TestOne',
+        'BarTest.TestTwo',
+        'BarTest.TestThree',
+
+        'BazTest.TestA',
+        'BazTest.TestB',
+        ] + DEATH_TESTS + PARAM_TESTS)
+
+    self.RunAndVerify('*-FooTest.Abc:BazTest.*', [
+        'FooTest.Xyz',
+
+        'BarTest.TestOne',
+        'BarTest.TestTwo',
+        'BarTest.TestThree',
+        ] + DEATH_TESTS + PARAM_TESTS)
+
+    self.RunAndVerify('BarTest.*-BarTest.TestOne', [
+        'BarTest.TestTwo',
+        'BarTest.TestThree',
+        ])
+
+    # Tests without leading '*'.
+    self.RunAndVerify('-FooTest.Abc:FooTest.Xyz:BazTest.*', [
+        'BarTest.TestOne',
+        'BarTest.TestTwo',
+        'BarTest.TestThree',
+        ] + DEATH_TESTS + PARAM_TESTS)
+
+    # Value parameterized tests.
+    self.RunAndVerify('*/*', PARAM_TESTS)
+
+    # Value parameterized tests filtering by the sequence name.
+    self.RunAndVerify('SeqP/*', [
+        'SeqP/ParamTest.TestX/0',
+        'SeqP/ParamTest.TestX/1',
+        'SeqP/ParamTest.TestY/0',
+        'SeqP/ParamTest.TestY/1',
+        ])
+
+    # Value parameterized tests filtering by the test name.
+    self.RunAndVerify('*/0', [
+        'SeqP/ParamTest.TestX/0',
+        'SeqP/ParamTest.TestY/0',
+        'SeqQ/ParamTest.TestX/0',
+        'SeqQ/ParamTest.TestY/0',
+        ])
+
+  def testFlagOverridesEnvVar(self):
+    """Tests that the filter flag overrides the filtering env. variable."""
+
+    SetEnvVar(FILTER_ENV_VAR, 'Foo*')
+    args = ['--%s=%s' % (FILTER_FLAG, '*One')]
+    tests_run = RunAndExtractTestList(args)[0]
+    SetEnvVar(FILTER_ENV_VAR, None)
+
+    self.AssertSetEqual(tests_run, ['BarTest.TestOne', 'BazTest.TestOne'])
+
+  def testShardStatusFileIsCreated(self):
+    """Tests that the shard file is created if specified in the environment."""
+
+    shard_status_file = os.path.join(gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(),
+                                     'shard_status_file')
+    self.assert_(not os.path.exists(shard_status_file))
+
+    extra_env = {SHARD_STATUS_FILE_ENV_VAR: shard_status_file}
+    try:
+      InvokeWithModifiedEnv(extra_env, RunAndReturnOutput)
+    finally:
+      self.assert_(os.path.exists(shard_status_file))
+      os.remove(shard_status_file)
+
+  def testShardStatusFileIsCreatedWithListTests(self):
+    """Tests that the shard file is created with the "list_tests" flag."""
+
+    shard_status_file = os.path.join(gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(),
+                                     'shard_status_file2')
+    self.assert_(not os.path.exists(shard_status_file))
+
+    extra_env = {SHARD_STATUS_FILE_ENV_VAR: shard_status_file}
+    try:
+      output = InvokeWithModifiedEnv(extra_env,
+                                     RunAndReturnOutput,
+                                     [LIST_TESTS_FLAG])
+    finally:
+      # This assertion ensures that Google Test enumerated the tests as
+      # opposed to running them.
+      self.assert_('[==========]' not in output,
+                   'Unexpected output during test enumeration.\n'
+                   'Please ensure that LIST_TESTS_FLAG is assigned the\n'
+                   'correct flag value for listing Google Test tests.')
+
+      self.assert_(os.path.exists(shard_status_file))
+      os.remove(shard_status_file)
+
+  if SUPPORTS_DEATH_TESTS:
+    def testShardingWorksWithDeathTests(self):
+      """Tests integration with death tests and sharding."""
+
+      gtest_filter = 'HasDeathTest.*:SeqP/*'
+      expected_tests = [
+          'HasDeathTest.Test1',
+          'HasDeathTest.Test2',
+
+          'SeqP/ParamTest.TestX/0',
+          'SeqP/ParamTest.TestX/1',
+          'SeqP/ParamTest.TestY/0',
+          'SeqP/ParamTest.TestY/1',
+          ]
+
+      for flag in ['--gtest_death_test_style=threadsafe',
+                   '--gtest_death_test_style=fast']:
+        self.RunAndVerifyWithSharding(gtest_filter, 3, expected_tests,
+                                      check_exit_0=True, args=[flag])
+        self.RunAndVerifyWithSharding(gtest_filter, 5, expected_tests,
+                                      check_exit_0=True, args=[flag])
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  gtest_test_utils.Main()
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_filter_unittest_.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_filter_unittest_.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..77deffc38f7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_filter_unittest_.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+// Unit test for Google Test test filters.
+//
+// A user can specify which test(s) in a Google Test program to run via
+// either the GTEST_FILTER environment variable or the --gtest_filter
+// flag.  This is used for testing such functionality.
+//
+// The program will be invoked from a Python unit test.  Don't run it
+// directly.
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace {
+
+// Test case FooTest.
+
+class FooTest : public testing::Test {
+};
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Abc) {
+}
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Xyz) {
+  FAIL() << "Expected failure.";
+}
+
+// Test case BarTest.
+
+TEST(BarTest, TestOne) {
+}
+
+TEST(BarTest, TestTwo) {
+}
+
+TEST(BarTest, TestThree) {
+}
+
+TEST(BarTest, DISABLED_TestFour) {
+  FAIL() << "Expected failure.";
+}
+
+TEST(BarTest, DISABLED_TestFive) {
+  FAIL() << "Expected failure.";
+}
+
+// Test case BazTest.
+
+TEST(BazTest, TestOne) {
+  FAIL() << "Expected failure.";
+}
+
+TEST(BazTest, TestA) {
+}
+
+TEST(BazTest, TestB) {
+}
+
+TEST(BazTest, DISABLED_TestC) {
+  FAIL() << "Expected failure.";
+}
+
+// Test case HasDeathTest
+
+TEST(HasDeathTest, Test1) {
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(exit(1), ".*");
+}
+
+// We need at least two death tests to make sure that the all death tests
+// aren't on the first shard.
+TEST(HasDeathTest, Test2) {
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(exit(1), ".*");
+}
+
+// Test case FoobarTest
+
+TEST(DISABLED_FoobarTest, Test1) {
+  FAIL() << "Expected failure.";
+}
+
+TEST(DISABLED_FoobarTest, DISABLED_Test2) {
+  FAIL() << "Expected failure.";
+}
+
+// Test case FoobarbazTest
+
+TEST(DISABLED_FoobarbazTest, TestA) {
+  FAIL() << "Expected failure.";
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+class ParamTest : public testing::TestWithParam<int> {
+};
+
+TEST_P(ParamTest, TestX) {
+}
+
+TEST_P(ParamTest, TestY) {
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(SeqP, ParamTest, testing::Values(1, 2));
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(SeqQ, ParamTest, testing::Values(5, 6));
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+}  // namespace
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_help_test.py b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_help_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..093c838d9e47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_help_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright 2009, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Tests the --help flag of Google C++ Testing Framework.
+
+SYNOPSIS
+       gtest_help_test.py --build_dir=BUILD/DIR
+         # where BUILD/DIR contains the built gtest_help_test_ file.
+       gtest_help_test.py
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)'
+
+import os
+import re
+import gtest_test_utils
+
+
+IS_LINUX = os.name == 'posix' and os.uname()[0] == 'Linux'
+IS_WINDOWS = os.name == 'nt'
+
+PROGRAM_PATH = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath('gtest_help_test_')
+FLAG_PREFIX = '--gtest_'
+DEATH_TEST_STYLE_FLAG = FLAG_PREFIX + 'death_test_style'
+STREAM_RESULT_TO_FLAG = FLAG_PREFIX + 'stream_result_to'
+UNKNOWN_FLAG = FLAG_PREFIX + 'unknown_flag_for_testing'
+LIST_TESTS_FLAG = FLAG_PREFIX + 'list_tests'
+INCORRECT_FLAG_VARIANTS = [re.sub('^--', '-', LIST_TESTS_FLAG),
+                           re.sub('^--', '/', LIST_TESTS_FLAG),
+                           re.sub('_', '-', LIST_TESTS_FLAG)]
+INTERNAL_FLAG_FOR_TESTING = FLAG_PREFIX + 'internal_flag_for_testing'
+
+SUPPORTS_DEATH_TESTS = "DeathTest" in gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
+    [PROGRAM_PATH, LIST_TESTS_FLAG]).output
+
+# The help message must match this regex.
+HELP_REGEX = re.compile(
+    FLAG_PREFIX + r'list_tests.*' +
+    FLAG_PREFIX + r'filter=.*' +
+    FLAG_PREFIX + r'also_run_disabled_tests.*' +
+    FLAG_PREFIX + r'repeat=.*' +
+    FLAG_PREFIX + r'shuffle.*' +
+    FLAG_PREFIX + r'random_seed=.*' +
+    FLAG_PREFIX + r'color=.*' +
+    FLAG_PREFIX + r'print_time.*' +
+    FLAG_PREFIX + r'output=.*' +
+    FLAG_PREFIX + r'break_on_failure.*' +
+    FLAG_PREFIX + r'throw_on_failure.*' +
+    FLAG_PREFIX + r'catch_exceptions=0.*',
+    re.DOTALL)
+
+
+def RunWithFlag(flag):
+  """Runs gtest_help_test_ with the given flag.
+
+  Returns:
+    the exit code and the text output as a tuple.
+  Args:
+    flag: the command-line flag to pass to gtest_help_test_, or None.
+  """
+
+  if flag is None:
+    command = [PROGRAM_PATH]
+  else:
+    command = [PROGRAM_PATH, flag]
+  child = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(command)
+  return child.exit_code, child.output
+
+
+class GTestHelpTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
+  """Tests the --help flag and its equivalent forms."""
+
+  def TestHelpFlag(self, flag):
+    """Verifies correct behavior when help flag is specified.
+
+    The right message must be printed and the tests must
+    skipped when the given flag is specified.
+
+    Args:
+      flag:  A flag to pass to the binary or None.
+    """
+
+    exit_code, output = RunWithFlag(flag)
+    self.assertEquals(0, exit_code)
+    self.assert_(HELP_REGEX.search(output), output)
+
+    if IS_LINUX:
+      self.assert_(STREAM_RESULT_TO_FLAG in output, output)
+    else:
+      self.assert_(STREAM_RESULT_TO_FLAG not in output, output)
+
+    if SUPPORTS_DEATH_TESTS and not IS_WINDOWS:
+      self.assert_(DEATH_TEST_STYLE_FLAG in output, output)
+    else:
+      self.assert_(DEATH_TEST_STYLE_FLAG not in output, output)
+
+  def TestNonHelpFlag(self, flag):
+    """Verifies correct behavior when no help flag is specified.
+
+    Verifies that when no help flag is specified, the tests are run
+    and the help message is not printed.
+
+    Args:
+      flag:  A flag to pass to the binary or None.
+    """
+
+    exit_code, output = RunWithFlag(flag)
+    self.assert_(exit_code != 0)
+    self.assert_(not HELP_REGEX.search(output), output)
+
+  def testPrintsHelpWithFullFlag(self):
+    self.TestHelpFlag('--help')
+
+  def testPrintsHelpWithShortFlag(self):
+    self.TestHelpFlag('-h')
+
+  def testPrintsHelpWithQuestionFlag(self):
+    self.TestHelpFlag('-?')
+
+  def testPrintsHelpWithWindowsStyleQuestionFlag(self):
+    self.TestHelpFlag('/?')
+
+  def testPrintsHelpWithUnrecognizedGoogleTestFlag(self):
+    self.TestHelpFlag(UNKNOWN_FLAG)
+
+  def testPrintsHelpWithIncorrectFlagStyle(self):
+    for incorrect_flag in INCORRECT_FLAG_VARIANTS:
+      self.TestHelpFlag(incorrect_flag)
+
+  def testRunsTestsWithoutHelpFlag(self):
+    """Verifies that when no help flag is specified, the tests are run
+    and the help message is not printed."""
+
+    self.TestNonHelpFlag(None)
+
+  def testRunsTestsWithGtestInternalFlag(self):
+    """Verifies that the tests are run and no help message is printed when
+    a flag starting with Google Test prefix and 'internal_' is supplied."""
+
+    self.TestNonHelpFlag(INTERNAL_FLAG_FOR_TESTING)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  gtest_test_utils.Main()
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_help_test_.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_help_test_.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..31f78c2441be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_help_test_.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Copyright 2009, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+// This program is meant to be run by gtest_help_test.py.  Do not run
+// it directly.
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+// When a help flag is specified, this program should skip the tests
+// and exit with 0; otherwise the following test will be executed,
+// causing this program to exit with a non-zero code.
+TEST(HelpFlagTest, ShouldNotBeRun) {
+  ASSERT_TRUE(false) << "Tests shouldn't be run when --help is specified.";
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+TEST(DeathTest, UsedByPythonScriptToDetectSupportForDeathTestsInThisBinary) {}
+#endif
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_list_tests_unittest.py b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_list_tests_unittest.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f2d2fd1b1c5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_list_tests_unittest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright 2006, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Unit test for Google Test's --gtest_list_tests flag.
+
+A user can ask Google Test to list all tests by specifying the
+--gtest_list_tests flag.  This script tests such functionality
+by invoking gtest_list_tests_unittest_ (a program written with
+Google Test) the command line flags.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'phanna@google.com (Patrick Hanna)'
+
+import gtest_test_utils
+import re
+
+
+# Constants.
+
+# The command line flag for enabling/disabling listing all tests.
+LIST_TESTS_FLAG = 'gtest_list_tests'
+
+# Path to the gtest_list_tests_unittest_ program.
+EXE_PATH = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath('gtest_list_tests_unittest_')
+
+# The expected output when running gtest_list_tests_unittest_ with
+# --gtest_list_tests
+EXPECTED_OUTPUT_NO_FILTER_RE = re.compile(r"""FooDeathTest\.
+  Test1
+Foo\.
+  Bar1
+  Bar2
+  DISABLED_Bar3
+Abc\.
+  Xyz
+  Def
+FooBar\.
+  Baz
+FooTest\.
+  Test1
+  DISABLED_Test2
+  Test3
+TypedTest/0\.  # TypeParam = (VeryLo{245}|class VeryLo{239})\.\.\.
+  TestA
+  TestB
+TypedTest/1\.  # TypeParam = int\s*\*( __ptr64)?
+  TestA
+  TestB
+TypedTest/2\.  # TypeParam = .*MyArray<bool,\s*42>
+  TestA
+  TestB
+My/TypeParamTest/0\.  # TypeParam = (VeryLo{245}|class VeryLo{239})\.\.\.
+  TestA
+  TestB
+My/TypeParamTest/1\.  # TypeParam = int\s*\*( __ptr64)?
+  TestA
+  TestB
+My/TypeParamTest/2\.  # TypeParam = .*MyArray<bool,\s*42>
+  TestA
+  TestB
+MyInstantiation/ValueParamTest\.
+  TestA/0  # GetParam\(\) = one line
+  TestA/1  # GetParam\(\) = two\\nlines
+  TestA/2  # GetParam\(\) = a very\\nlo{241}\.\.\.
+  TestB/0  # GetParam\(\) = one line
+  TestB/1  # GetParam\(\) = two\\nlines
+  TestB/2  # GetParam\(\) = a very\\nlo{241}\.\.\.
+""")
+
+# The expected output when running gtest_list_tests_unittest_ with
+# --gtest_list_tests and --gtest_filter=Foo*.
+EXPECTED_OUTPUT_FILTER_FOO_RE = re.compile(r"""FooDeathTest\.
+  Test1
+Foo\.
+  Bar1
+  Bar2
+  DISABLED_Bar3
+FooBar\.
+  Baz
+FooTest\.
+  Test1
+  DISABLED_Test2
+  Test3
+""")
+
+# Utilities.
+
+
+def Run(args):
+  """Runs gtest_list_tests_unittest_ and returns the list of tests printed."""
+
+  return gtest_test_utils.Subprocess([EXE_PATH] + args,
+                                     capture_stderr=False).output
+
+
+# The unit test.
+
+class GTestListTestsUnitTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
+  """Tests using the --gtest_list_tests flag to list all tests."""
+
+  def RunAndVerify(self, flag_value, expected_output_re, other_flag):
+    """Runs gtest_list_tests_unittest_ and verifies that it prints
+    the correct tests.
+
+    Args:
+      flag_value:         value of the --gtest_list_tests flag;
+                          None if the flag should not be present.
+      expected_output_re: regular expression that matches the expected
+                          output after running command;
+      other_flag:         a different flag to be passed to command
+                          along with gtest_list_tests;
+                          None if the flag should not be present.
+    """
+
+    if flag_value is None:
+      flag = ''
+      flag_expression = 'not set'
+    elif flag_value == '0':
+      flag = '--%s=0' % LIST_TESTS_FLAG
+      flag_expression = '0'
+    else:
+      flag = '--%s' % LIST_TESTS_FLAG
+      flag_expression = '1'
+
+    args = [flag]
+
+    if other_flag is not None:
+      args += [other_flag]
+
+    output = Run(args)
+
+    if expected_output_re:
+      self.assert_(
+          expected_output_re.match(output),
+          ('when %s is %s, the output of "%s" is "%s",\n'
+           'which does not match regex "%s"' %
+           (LIST_TESTS_FLAG, flag_expression, ' '.join(args), output,
+            expected_output_re.pattern)))
+    else:
+      self.assert_(
+          not EXPECTED_OUTPUT_NO_FILTER_RE.match(output),
+          ('when %s is %s, the output of "%s" is "%s"'%
+           (LIST_TESTS_FLAG, flag_expression, ' '.join(args), output)))
+
+  def testDefaultBehavior(self):
+    """Tests the behavior of the default mode."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerify(flag_value=None,
+                      expected_output_re=None,
+                      other_flag=None)
+
+  def testFlag(self):
+    """Tests using the --gtest_list_tests flag."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerify(flag_value='0',
+                      expected_output_re=None,
+                      other_flag=None)
+    self.RunAndVerify(flag_value='1',
+                      expected_output_re=EXPECTED_OUTPUT_NO_FILTER_RE,
+                      other_flag=None)
+
+  def testOverrideNonFilterFlags(self):
+    """Tests that --gtest_list_tests overrides the non-filter flags."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerify(flag_value='1',
+                      expected_output_re=EXPECTED_OUTPUT_NO_FILTER_RE,
+                      other_flag='--gtest_break_on_failure')
+
+  def testWithFilterFlags(self):
+    """Tests that --gtest_list_tests takes into account the
+    --gtest_filter flag."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerify(flag_value='1',
+                      expected_output_re=EXPECTED_OUTPUT_FILTER_FOO_RE,
+                      other_flag='--gtest_filter=Foo*')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  gtest_test_utils.Main()
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_list_tests_unittest_.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_list_tests_unittest_.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..907c176ba955
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_list_tests_unittest_.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+// Copyright 2006, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: phanna@google.com (Patrick Hanna)
+
+// Unit test for Google Test's --gtest_list_tests flag.
+//
+// A user can ask Google Test to list all tests that will run
+// so that when using a filter, a user will know what
+// tests to look for. The tests will not be run after listing.
+//
+// This program will be invoked from a Python unit test.
+// Don't run it directly.
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+// Several different test cases and tests that will be listed.
+TEST(Foo, Bar1) {
+}
+
+TEST(Foo, Bar2) {
+}
+
+TEST(Foo, DISABLED_Bar3) {
+}
+
+TEST(Abc, Xyz) {
+}
+
+TEST(Abc, Def) {
+}
+
+TEST(FooBar, Baz) {
+}
+
+class FooTest : public testing::Test {
+};
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Test1) {
+}
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, DISABLED_Test2) {
+}
+
+TEST_F(FooTest, Test3) {
+}
+
+TEST(FooDeathTest, Test1) {
+}
+
+// A group of value-parameterized tests.
+
+class MyType {
+ public:
+  explicit MyType(const std::string& a_value) : value_(a_value) {}
+
+  const std::string& value() const { return value_; }
+
+ private:
+  std::string value_;
+};
+
+// Teaches Google Test how to print a MyType.
+void PrintTo(const MyType& x, std::ostream* os) {
+  *os << x.value();
+}
+
+class ValueParamTest : public testing::TestWithParam<MyType> {
+};
+
+TEST_P(ValueParamTest, TestA) {
+}
+
+TEST_P(ValueParamTest, TestB) {
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
+    MyInstantiation, ValueParamTest,
+    testing::Values(MyType("one line"),
+                    MyType("two\nlines"),
+                    MyType("a very\nloooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong line")));  // NOLINT
+
+// A group of typed tests.
+
+// A deliberately long type name for testing the line-truncating
+// behavior when printing a type parameter.
+class VeryLoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooogName {  // NOLINT
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class TypedTest : public testing::Test {
+};
+
+template <typename T, int kSize>
+class MyArray {
+};
+
+typedef testing::Types<VeryLoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooogName,  // NOLINT
+                       int*, MyArray<bool, 42> > MyTypes;
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE(TypedTest, MyTypes);
+
+TYPED_TEST(TypedTest, TestA) {
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(TypedTest, TestB) {
+}
+
+// A group of type-parameterized tests.
+
+template <typename T>
+class TypeParamTest : public testing::Test {
+};
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(TypeParamTest);
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(TypeParamTest, TestA) {
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(TypeParamTest, TestB) {
+}
+
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(TypeParamTest, TestA, TestB);
+
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, TypeParamTest, MyTypes);
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_main_unittest.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_main_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ecd9bb876ff7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_main_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright 2006, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+// Tests that we don't have to define main() when we link to
+// gtest_main instead of gtest.
+
+namespace {
+
+TEST(GTestMainTest, ShouldSucceed) {
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// We are using the main() function defined in src/gtest_main.cc, so
+// we don't define it here.
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_no_test_unittest.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_no_test_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..292599af8d08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_no_test_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Copyright 2006, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Tests that a Google Test program that has no test defined can run
+// successfully.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+  // An ad-hoc assertion outside of all tests.
+  //
+  // This serves three purposes:
+  //
+  // 1. It verifies that an ad-hoc assertion can be executed even if
+  //    no test is defined.
+  // 2. It verifies that a failed ad-hoc assertion causes the test
+  //    program to fail.
+  // 3. We had a bug where the XML output won't be generated if an
+  //    assertion is executed before RUN_ALL_TESTS() is called, even
+  //    though --gtest_output=xml is specified.  This makes sure the
+  //    bug is fixed and doesn't regress.
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, 2);
+
+  // The above EXPECT_EQ() should cause RUN_ALL_TESTS() to return non-zero.
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS() ? 0 : 1;
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_output_test.py b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_output_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..06dbee098050
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_output_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Tests the text output of Google C++ Testing Framework.
+
+SYNOPSIS
+       gtest_output_test.py --build_dir=BUILD/DIR --gengolden
+         # where BUILD/DIR contains the built gtest_output_test_ file.
+       gtest_output_test.py --gengolden
+       gtest_output_test.py
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)'
+
+import difflib
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import gtest_test_utils
+
+
+# The flag for generating the golden file
+GENGOLDEN_FLAG = '--gengolden'
+CATCH_EXCEPTIONS_ENV_VAR_NAME = 'GTEST_CATCH_EXCEPTIONS'
+
+IS_WINDOWS = os.name == 'nt'
+
+# TODO(vladl@google.com): remove the _lin suffix.
+GOLDEN_NAME = 'gtest_output_test_golden_lin.txt'
+
+PROGRAM_PATH = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath('gtest_output_test_')
+
+# At least one command we exercise must not have the
+# 'internal_skip_environment_and_ad_hoc_tests' argument.
+COMMAND_LIST_TESTS = ({}, [PROGRAM_PATH, '--gtest_list_tests'])
+COMMAND_WITH_COLOR = ({}, [PROGRAM_PATH, '--gtest_color=yes'])
+COMMAND_WITH_TIME = ({}, [PROGRAM_PATH,
+                          '--gtest_print_time',
+                          'internal_skip_environment_and_ad_hoc_tests',
+                          '--gtest_filter=FatalFailureTest.*:LoggingTest.*'])
+COMMAND_WITH_DISABLED = (
+    {}, [PROGRAM_PATH,
+         '--gtest_also_run_disabled_tests',
+         'internal_skip_environment_and_ad_hoc_tests',
+         '--gtest_filter=*DISABLED_*'])
+COMMAND_WITH_SHARDING = (
+    {'GTEST_SHARD_INDEX': '1', 'GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS': '2'},
+    [PROGRAM_PATH,
+     'internal_skip_environment_and_ad_hoc_tests',
+     '--gtest_filter=PassingTest.*'])
+
+GOLDEN_PATH = os.path.join(gtest_test_utils.GetSourceDir(), GOLDEN_NAME)
+
+
+def ToUnixLineEnding(s):
+  """Changes all Windows/Mac line endings in s to UNIX line endings."""
+
+  return s.replace('\r\n', '\n').replace('\r', '\n')
+
+
+def RemoveLocations(test_output):
+  """Removes all file location info from a Google Test program's output.
+
+  Args:
+       test_output:  the output of a Google Test program.
+
+  Returns:
+       output with all file location info (in the form of
+       'DIRECTORY/FILE_NAME:LINE_NUMBER: 'or
+       'DIRECTORY\\FILE_NAME(LINE_NUMBER): ') replaced by
+       'FILE_NAME:#: '.
+  """
+
+  return re.sub(r'.*[/\\](.+)(\:\d+|\(\d+\))\: ', r'\1:#: ', test_output)
+
+
+def RemoveStackTraceDetails(output):
+  """Removes all stack traces from a Google Test program's output."""
+
+  # *? means "find the shortest string that matches".
+  return re.sub(r'Stack trace:(.|\n)*?\n\n',
+                'Stack trace: (omitted)\n\n', output)
+
+
+def RemoveStackTraces(output):
+  """Removes all traces of stack traces from a Google Test program's output."""
+
+  # *? means "find the shortest string that matches".
+  return re.sub(r'Stack trace:(.|\n)*?\n\n', '', output)
+
+
+def RemoveTime(output):
+  """Removes all time information from a Google Test program's output."""
+
+  return re.sub(r'\(\d+ ms', '(? ms', output)
+
+
+def RemoveTypeInfoDetails(test_output):
+  """Removes compiler-specific type info from Google Test program's output.
+
+  Args:
+       test_output:  the output of a Google Test program.
+
+  Returns:
+       output with type information normalized to canonical form.
+  """
+
+  # some compilers output the name of type 'unsigned int' as 'unsigned'
+  return re.sub(r'unsigned int', 'unsigned', test_output)
+
+
+def NormalizeToCurrentPlatform(test_output):
+  """Normalizes platform specific output details for easier comparison."""
+
+  if IS_WINDOWS:
+    # Removes the color information that is not present on Windows.
+    test_output = re.sub('\x1b\\[(0;3\d)?m', '', test_output)
+    # Changes failure message headers into the Windows format.
+    test_output = re.sub(r': Failure\n', r': error: ', test_output)
+    # Changes file(line_number) to file:line_number.
+    test_output = re.sub(r'((\w|\.)+)\((\d+)\):', r'\1:\3:', test_output)
+
+  return test_output
+
+
+def RemoveTestCounts(output):
+  """Removes test counts from a Google Test program's output."""
+
+  output = re.sub(r'\d+ tests?, listed below',
+                  '? tests, listed below', output)
+  output = re.sub(r'\d+ FAILED TESTS',
+                  '? FAILED TESTS', output)
+  output = re.sub(r'\d+ tests? from \d+ test cases?',
+                  '? tests from ? test cases', output)
+  output = re.sub(r'\d+ tests? from ([a-zA-Z_])',
+                  r'? tests from \1', output)
+  return re.sub(r'\d+ tests?\.', '? tests.', output)
+
+
+def RemoveMatchingTests(test_output, pattern):
+  """Removes output of specified tests from a Google Test program's output.
+
+  This function strips not only the beginning and the end of a test but also
+  all output in between.
+
+  Args:
+    test_output:       A string containing the test output.
+    pattern:           A regex string that matches names of test cases or
+                       tests to remove.
+
+  Returns:
+    Contents of test_output with tests whose names match pattern removed.
+  """
+
+  test_output = re.sub(
+      r'.*\[ RUN      \] .*%s(.|\n)*?\[(  FAILED  |       OK )\] .*%s.*\n' % (
+          pattern, pattern),
+      '',
+      test_output)
+  return re.sub(r'.*%s.*\n' % pattern, '', test_output)
+
+
+def NormalizeOutput(output):
+  """Normalizes output (the output of gtest_output_test_.exe)."""
+
+  output = ToUnixLineEnding(output)
+  output = RemoveLocations(output)
+  output = RemoveStackTraceDetails(output)
+  output = RemoveTime(output)
+  return output
+
+
+def GetShellCommandOutput(env_cmd):
+  """Runs a command in a sub-process, and returns its output in a string.
+
+  Args:
+    env_cmd: The shell command. A 2-tuple where element 0 is a dict of extra
+             environment variables to set, and element 1 is a string with
+             the command and any flags.
+
+  Returns:
+    A string with the command's combined standard and diagnostic output.
+  """
+
+  # Spawns cmd in a sub-process, and gets its standard I/O file objects.
+  # Set and save the environment properly.
+  environ = os.environ.copy()
+  environ.update(env_cmd[0])
+  p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(env_cmd[1], env=environ)
+
+  return p.output
+
+
+def GetCommandOutput(env_cmd):
+  """Runs a command and returns its output with all file location
+  info stripped off.
+
+  Args:
+    env_cmd:  The shell command. A 2-tuple where element 0 is a dict of extra
+              environment variables to set, and element 1 is a string with
+              the command and any flags.
+  """
+
+  # Disables exception pop-ups on Windows.
+  environ, cmdline = env_cmd
+  environ = dict(environ)  # Ensures we are modifying a copy.
+  environ[CATCH_EXCEPTIONS_ENV_VAR_NAME] = '1'
+  return NormalizeOutput(GetShellCommandOutput((environ, cmdline)))
+
+
+def GetOutputOfAllCommands():
+  """Returns concatenated output from several representative commands."""
+
+  return (GetCommandOutput(COMMAND_WITH_COLOR) +
+          GetCommandOutput(COMMAND_WITH_TIME) +
+          GetCommandOutput(COMMAND_WITH_DISABLED) +
+          GetCommandOutput(COMMAND_WITH_SHARDING))
+
+
+test_list = GetShellCommandOutput(COMMAND_LIST_TESTS)
+SUPPORTS_DEATH_TESTS = 'DeathTest' in test_list
+SUPPORTS_TYPED_TESTS = 'TypedTest' in test_list
+SUPPORTS_THREADS = 'ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest' in test_list
+SUPPORTS_STACK_TRACES = False
+
+CAN_GENERATE_GOLDEN_FILE = (SUPPORTS_DEATH_TESTS and
+                            SUPPORTS_TYPED_TESTS and
+                            SUPPORTS_THREADS and
+                            not IS_WINDOWS)
+
+class GTestOutputTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
+  def RemoveUnsupportedTests(self, test_output):
+    if not SUPPORTS_DEATH_TESTS:
+      test_output = RemoveMatchingTests(test_output, 'DeathTest')
+    if not SUPPORTS_TYPED_TESTS:
+      test_output = RemoveMatchingTests(test_output, 'TypedTest')
+      test_output = RemoveMatchingTests(test_output, 'TypedDeathTest')
+      test_output = RemoveMatchingTests(test_output, 'TypeParamDeathTest')
+    if not SUPPORTS_THREADS:
+      test_output = RemoveMatchingTests(test_output,
+                                        'ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest')
+      test_output = RemoveMatchingTests(test_output,
+                                        'ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest')
+      test_output = RemoveMatchingTests(test_output,
+                                        'WorksConcurrently')
+    if not SUPPORTS_STACK_TRACES:
+      test_output = RemoveStackTraces(test_output)
+
+    return test_output
+
+  def testOutput(self):
+    output = GetOutputOfAllCommands()
+
+    golden_file = open(GOLDEN_PATH, 'r')
+    # A mis-configured source control system can cause \r appear in EOL
+    # sequences when we read the golden file irrespective of an operating
+    # system used. Therefore, we need to strip those \r's from newlines
+    # unconditionally.
+    golden = ToUnixLineEnding(golden_file.read())
+    golden_file.close()
+
+    # We want the test to pass regardless of certain features being
+    # supported or not.
+
+    # We still have to remove type name specifics in all cases.
+    normalized_actual = RemoveTypeInfoDetails(output)
+    normalized_golden = RemoveTypeInfoDetails(golden)
+
+    if CAN_GENERATE_GOLDEN_FILE:
+      self.assertEqual(normalized_golden, normalized_actual,
+                       '\n'.join(difflib.unified_diff(
+                           normalized_golden.split('\n'),
+                           normalized_actual.split('\n'),
+                           'golden', 'actual')))
+    else:
+      normalized_actual = NormalizeToCurrentPlatform(
+          RemoveTestCounts(normalized_actual))
+      normalized_golden = NormalizeToCurrentPlatform(
+          RemoveTestCounts(self.RemoveUnsupportedTests(normalized_golden)))
+
+      # This code is very handy when debugging golden file differences:
+      if os.getenv('DEBUG_GTEST_OUTPUT_TEST'):
+        open(os.path.join(
+            gtest_test_utils.GetSourceDir(),
+            '_gtest_output_test_normalized_actual.txt'), 'wb').write(
+                normalized_actual)
+        open(os.path.join(
+            gtest_test_utils.GetSourceDir(),
+            '_gtest_output_test_normalized_golden.txt'), 'wb').write(
+                normalized_golden)
+
+      self.assertEqual(normalized_golden, normalized_actual)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  if sys.argv[1:] == [GENGOLDEN_FLAG]:
+    if CAN_GENERATE_GOLDEN_FILE:
+      output = GetOutputOfAllCommands()
+      golden_file = open(GOLDEN_PATH, 'wb')
+      golden_file.write(output)
+      golden_file.close()
+    else:
+      message = (
+          """Unable to write a golden file when compiled in an environment
+that does not support all the required features (death tests, typed tests,
+and multiple threads).  Please generate the golden file using a binary built
+with those features enabled.""")
+
+      sys.stderr.write(message)
+      sys.exit(1)
+  else:
+    gtest_test_utils.Main()
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_output_test_.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_output_test_.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1070a9f26fe5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_output_test_.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1062 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// The purpose of this file is to generate Google Test output under
+// various conditions.  The output will then be verified by
+// gtest_output_test.py to ensure that Google Test generates the
+// desired messages.  Therefore, most tests in this file are MEANT TO
+// FAIL.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+#include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
+// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
+// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
+// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
+// his code.
+#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
+#include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
+#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+using testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter;
+using testing::TestPartResultArray;
+
+using testing::internal::Notification;
+using testing::internal::ThreadWithParam;
+#endif
+
+namespace posix = ::testing::internal::posix;
+
+// Tests catching fatal failures.
+
+// A subroutine used by the following test.
+void TestEq1(int x) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, x);
+}
+
+// This function calls a test subroutine, catches the fatal failure it
+// generates, and then returns early.
+void TryTestSubroutine() {
+  // Calls a subrountine that yields a fatal failure.
+  TestEq1(2);
+
+  // Catches the fatal failure and aborts the test.
+  //
+  // The testing::Test:: prefix is necessary when calling
+  // HasFatalFailure() outside of a TEST, TEST_F, or test fixture.
+  if (testing::Test::HasFatalFailure()) return;
+
+  // If we get here, something is wrong.
+  FAIL() << "This should never be reached.";
+}
+
+TEST(PassingTest, PassingTest1) {
+}
+
+TEST(PassingTest, PassingTest2) {
+}
+
+// Tests that parameters of failing parameterized tests are printed in the
+// failing test summary.
+class FailingParamTest : public testing::TestWithParam<int> {};
+
+TEST_P(FailingParamTest, Fails) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, GetParam());
+}
+
+// This generates a test which will fail. Google Test is expected to print
+// its parameter when it outputs the list of all failed tests.
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(PrintingFailingParams,
+                        FailingParamTest,
+                        testing::Values(2));
+
+static const char kGoldenString[] = "\"Line\0 1\"\nLine 2";
+
+TEST(NonfatalFailureTest, EscapesStringOperands) {
+  std::string actual = "actual \"string\"";
+  EXPECT_EQ(kGoldenString, actual);
+
+  const char* golden = kGoldenString;
+  EXPECT_EQ(golden, actual);
+}
+
+TEST(NonfatalFailureTest, DiffForLongStrings) {
+  std::string golden_str(kGoldenString, sizeof(kGoldenString) - 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(golden_str, "Line 2");
+}
+
+// Tests catching a fatal failure in a subroutine.
+TEST(FatalFailureTest, FatalFailureInSubroutine) {
+  printf("(expecting a failure that x should be 1)\n");
+
+  TryTestSubroutine();
+}
+
+// Tests catching a fatal failure in a nested subroutine.
+TEST(FatalFailureTest, FatalFailureInNestedSubroutine) {
+  printf("(expecting a failure that x should be 1)\n");
+
+  // Calls a subrountine that yields a fatal failure.
+  TryTestSubroutine();
+
+  // Catches the fatal failure and aborts the test.
+  //
+  // When calling HasFatalFailure() inside a TEST, TEST_F, or test
+  // fixture, the testing::Test:: prefix is not needed.
+  if (HasFatalFailure()) return;
+
+  // If we get here, something is wrong.
+  FAIL() << "This should never be reached.";
+}
+
+// Tests HasFatalFailure() after a failed EXPECT check.
+TEST(FatalFailureTest, NonfatalFailureInSubroutine) {
+  printf("(expecting a failure on false)\n");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(false);  // Generates a nonfatal failure
+  ASSERT_FALSE(HasFatalFailure());  // This should succeed.
+}
+
+// Tests interleaving user logging and Google Test assertions.
+TEST(LoggingTest, InterleavingLoggingAndAssertions) {
+  static const int a[4] = {
+    3, 9, 2, 6
+  };
+
+  printf("(expecting 2 failures on (3) >= (a[i]))\n");
+  for (int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(sizeof(a)/sizeof(*a)); i++) {
+    printf("i == %d\n", i);
+    EXPECT_GE(3, a[i]);
+  }
+}
+
+// Tests the SCOPED_TRACE macro.
+
+// A helper function for testing SCOPED_TRACE.
+void SubWithoutTrace(int n) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, n);
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, n);
+}
+
+// Another helper function for testing SCOPED_TRACE.
+void SubWithTrace(int n) {
+  SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message() << "n = " << n);
+
+  SubWithoutTrace(n);
+}
+
+// Tests that SCOPED_TRACE() obeys lexical scopes.
+TEST(SCOPED_TRACETest, ObeysScopes) {
+  printf("(expected to fail)\n");
+
+  // There should be no trace before SCOPED_TRACE() is invoked.
+  ADD_FAILURE() << "This failure is expected, and shouldn't have a trace.";
+
+  {
+    SCOPED_TRACE("Expected trace");
+    // After SCOPED_TRACE(), a failure in the current scope should contain
+    // the trace.
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "This failure is expected, and should have a trace.";
+  }
+
+  // Once the control leaves the scope of the SCOPED_TRACE(), there
+  // should be no trace again.
+  ADD_FAILURE() << "This failure is expected, and shouldn't have a trace.";
+}
+
+// Tests that SCOPED_TRACE works inside a loop.
+TEST(SCOPED_TRACETest, WorksInLoop) {
+  printf("(expected to fail)\n");
+
+  for (int i = 1; i <= 2; i++) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message() << "i = " << i);
+
+    SubWithoutTrace(i);
+  }
+}
+
+// Tests that SCOPED_TRACE works in a subroutine.
+TEST(SCOPED_TRACETest, WorksInSubroutine) {
+  printf("(expected to fail)\n");
+
+  SubWithTrace(1);
+  SubWithTrace(2);
+}
+
+// Tests that SCOPED_TRACE can be nested.
+TEST(SCOPED_TRACETest, CanBeNested) {
+  printf("(expected to fail)\n");
+
+  SCOPED_TRACE("");  // A trace without a message.
+
+  SubWithTrace(2);
+}
+
+// Tests that multiple SCOPED_TRACEs can be used in the same scope.
+TEST(SCOPED_TRACETest, CanBeRepeated) {
+  printf("(expected to fail)\n");
+
+  SCOPED_TRACE("A");
+  ADD_FAILURE()
+      << "This failure is expected, and should contain trace point A.";
+
+  SCOPED_TRACE("B");
+  ADD_FAILURE()
+      << "This failure is expected, and should contain trace point A and B.";
+
+  {
+    SCOPED_TRACE("C");
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "This failure is expected, and should "
+                  << "contain trace point A, B, and C.";
+  }
+
+  SCOPED_TRACE("D");
+  ADD_FAILURE() << "This failure is expected, and should "
+                << "contain trace point A, B, and D.";
+}
+
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+// Tests that SCOPED_TRACE()s can be used concurrently from multiple
+// threads.  Namely, an assertion should be affected by
+// SCOPED_TRACE()s in its own thread only.
+
+// Here's the sequence of actions that happen in the test:
+//
+//   Thread A (main)                | Thread B (spawned)
+//   ===============================|================================
+//   spawns thread B                |
+//   -------------------------------+--------------------------------
+//   waits for n1                   | SCOPED_TRACE("Trace B");
+//                                  | generates failure #1
+//                                  | notifies n1
+//   -------------------------------+--------------------------------
+//   SCOPED_TRACE("Trace A");       | waits for n2
+//   generates failure #2           |
+//   notifies n2                    |
+//   -------------------------------|--------------------------------
+//   waits for n3                   | generates failure #3
+//                                  | trace B dies
+//                                  | generates failure #4
+//                                  | notifies n3
+//   -------------------------------|--------------------------------
+//   generates failure #5           | finishes
+//   trace A dies                   |
+//   generates failure #6           |
+//   -------------------------------|--------------------------------
+//   waits for thread B to finish   |
+
+struct CheckPoints {
+  Notification n1;
+  Notification n2;
+  Notification n3;
+};
+
+static void ThreadWithScopedTrace(CheckPoints* check_points) {
+  {
+    SCOPED_TRACE("Trace B");
+    ADD_FAILURE()
+        << "Expected failure #1 (in thread B, only trace B alive).";
+    check_points->n1.Notify();
+    check_points->n2.WaitForNotification();
+
+    ADD_FAILURE()
+        << "Expected failure #3 (in thread B, trace A & B both alive).";
+  }  // Trace B dies here.
+  ADD_FAILURE()
+      << "Expected failure #4 (in thread B, only trace A alive).";
+  check_points->n3.Notify();
+}
+
+TEST(SCOPED_TRACETest, WorksConcurrently) {
+  printf("(expecting 6 failures)\n");
+
+  CheckPoints check_points;
+  ThreadWithParam<CheckPoints*> thread(&ThreadWithScopedTrace,
+                                       &check_points,
+                                       NULL);
+  check_points.n1.WaitForNotification();
+
+  {
+    SCOPED_TRACE("Trace A");
+    ADD_FAILURE()
+        << "Expected failure #2 (in thread A, trace A & B both alive).";
+    check_points.n2.Notify();
+    check_points.n3.WaitForNotification();
+
+    ADD_FAILURE()
+        << "Expected failure #5 (in thread A, only trace A alive).";
+  }  // Trace A dies here.
+  ADD_FAILURE()
+      << "Expected failure #6 (in thread A, no trace alive).";
+  thread.Join();
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+
+TEST(DisabledTestsWarningTest,
+     DISABLED_AlsoRunDisabledTestsFlagSuppressesWarning) {
+  // This test body is intentionally empty.  Its sole purpose is for
+  // verifying that the --gtest_also_run_disabled_tests flag
+  // suppresses the "YOU HAVE 12 DISABLED TESTS" warning at the end of
+  // the test output.
+}
+
+// Tests using assertions outside of TEST and TEST_F.
+//
+// This function creates two failures intentionally.
+void AdHocTest() {
+  printf("The non-test part of the code is expected to have 2 failures.\n\n");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, 3);
+}
+
+// Runs all TESTs, all TEST_Fs, and the ad hoc test.
+int RunAllTests() {
+  AdHocTest();
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
+
+// Tests non-fatal failures in the fixture constructor.
+class NonFatalFailureInFixtureConstructorTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  NonFatalFailureInFixtureConstructorTest() {
+    printf("(expecting 5 failures)\n");
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "Expected failure #1, in the test fixture c'tor.";
+  }
+
+  ~NonFatalFailureInFixtureConstructorTest() {
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "Expected failure #5, in the test fixture d'tor.";
+  }
+
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "Expected failure #2, in SetUp().";
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "Expected failure #4, in TearDown.";
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(NonFatalFailureInFixtureConstructorTest, FailureInConstructor) {
+  ADD_FAILURE() << "Expected failure #3, in the test body.";
+}
+
+// Tests fatal failures in the fixture constructor.
+class FatalFailureInFixtureConstructorTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  FatalFailureInFixtureConstructorTest() {
+    printf("(expecting 2 failures)\n");
+    Init();
+  }
+
+  ~FatalFailureInFixtureConstructorTest() {
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "Expected failure #2, in the test fixture d'tor.";
+  }
+
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "UNEXPECTED failure in SetUp().  "
+                  << "We should never get here, as the test fixture c'tor "
+                  << "had a fatal failure.";
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "UNEXPECTED failure in TearDown().  "
+                  << "We should never get here, as the test fixture c'tor "
+                  << "had a fatal failure.";
+  }
+
+ private:
+  void Init() {
+    FAIL() << "Expected failure #1, in the test fixture c'tor.";
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(FatalFailureInFixtureConstructorTest, FailureInConstructor) {
+  ADD_FAILURE() << "UNEXPECTED failure in the test body.  "
+                << "We should never get here, as the test fixture c'tor "
+                << "had a fatal failure.";
+}
+
+// Tests non-fatal failures in SetUp().
+class NonFatalFailureInSetUpTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual ~NonFatalFailureInSetUpTest() {
+    Deinit();
+  }
+
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    printf("(expecting 4 failures)\n");
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "Expected failure #1, in SetUp().";
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    FAIL() << "Expected failure #3, in TearDown().";
+  }
+ private:
+  void Deinit() {
+    FAIL() << "Expected failure #4, in the test fixture d'tor.";
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(NonFatalFailureInSetUpTest, FailureInSetUp) {
+  FAIL() << "Expected failure #2, in the test function.";
+}
+
+// Tests fatal failures in SetUp().
+class FatalFailureInSetUpTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual ~FatalFailureInSetUpTest() {
+    Deinit();
+  }
+
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    printf("(expecting 3 failures)\n");
+    FAIL() << "Expected failure #1, in SetUp().";
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    FAIL() << "Expected failure #2, in TearDown().";
+  }
+ private:
+  void Deinit() {
+    FAIL() << "Expected failure #3, in the test fixture d'tor.";
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(FatalFailureInSetUpTest, FailureInSetUp) {
+  FAIL() << "UNEXPECTED failure in the test function.  "
+         << "We should never get here, as SetUp() failed.";
+}
+
+TEST(AddFailureAtTest, MessageContainsSpecifiedFileAndLineNumber) {
+  ADD_FAILURE_AT("foo.cc", 42) << "Expected failure in foo.cc";
+}
+
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+
+// A unary function that may die.
+void DieIf(bool should_die) {
+  GTEST_CHECK_(!should_die) << " - death inside DieIf().";
+}
+
+// Tests running death tests in a multi-threaded context.
+
+// Used for coordination between the main and the spawn thread.
+struct SpawnThreadNotifications {
+  SpawnThreadNotifications() {}
+
+  Notification spawn_thread_started;
+  Notification spawn_thread_ok_to_terminate;
+
+ private:
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(SpawnThreadNotifications);
+};
+
+// The function to be executed in the thread spawn by the
+// MultipleThreads test (below).
+static void ThreadRoutine(SpawnThreadNotifications* notifications) {
+  // Signals the main thread that this thread has started.
+  notifications->spawn_thread_started.Notify();
+
+  // Waits for permission to finish from the main thread.
+  notifications->spawn_thread_ok_to_terminate.WaitForNotification();
+}
+
+// This is a death-test test, but it's not named with a DeathTest
+// suffix.  It starts threads which might interfere with later
+// death tests, so it must run after all other death tests.
+class DeathTestAndMultiThreadsTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  // Starts a thread and waits for it to begin.
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    thread_.reset(new ThreadWithParam<SpawnThreadNotifications*>(
+        &ThreadRoutine, &notifications_, NULL));
+    notifications_.spawn_thread_started.WaitForNotification();
+  }
+  // Tells the thread to finish, and reaps it.
+  // Depending on the version of the thread library in use,
+  // a manager thread might still be left running that will interfere
+  // with later death tests.  This is unfortunate, but this class
+  // cleans up after itself as best it can.
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    notifications_.spawn_thread_ok_to_terminate.Notify();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  SpawnThreadNotifications notifications_;
+  testing::internal::scoped_ptr<ThreadWithParam<SpawnThreadNotifications*> >
+      thread_;
+};
+
+#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+
+// The MixedUpTestCaseTest test case verifies that Google Test will fail a
+// test if it uses a different fixture class than what other tests in
+// the same test case use.  It deliberately contains two fixture
+// classes with the same name but defined in different namespaces.
+
+// The MixedUpTestCaseWithSameTestNameTest test case verifies that
+// when the user defines two tests with the same test case name AND
+// same test name (but in different namespaces), the second test will
+// fail.
+
+namespace foo {
+
+class MixedUpTestCaseTest : public testing::Test {
+};
+
+TEST_F(MixedUpTestCaseTest, FirstTestFromNamespaceFoo) {}
+TEST_F(MixedUpTestCaseTest, SecondTestFromNamespaceFoo) {}
+
+class MixedUpTestCaseWithSameTestNameTest : public testing::Test {
+};
+
+TEST_F(MixedUpTestCaseWithSameTestNameTest,
+       TheSecondTestWithThisNameShouldFail) {}
+
+}  // namespace foo
+
+namespace bar {
+
+class MixedUpTestCaseTest : public testing::Test {
+};
+
+// The following two tests are expected to fail.  We rely on the
+// golden file to check that Google Test generates the right error message.
+TEST_F(MixedUpTestCaseTest, ThisShouldFail) {}
+TEST_F(MixedUpTestCaseTest, ThisShouldFailToo) {}
+
+class MixedUpTestCaseWithSameTestNameTest : public testing::Test {
+};
+
+// Expected to fail.  We rely on the golden file to check that Google Test
+// generates the right error message.
+TEST_F(MixedUpTestCaseWithSameTestNameTest,
+       TheSecondTestWithThisNameShouldFail) {}
+
+}  // namespace bar
+
+// The following two test cases verify that Google Test catches the user
+// error of mixing TEST and TEST_F in the same test case.  The first
+// test case checks the scenario where TEST_F appears before TEST, and
+// the second one checks where TEST appears before TEST_F.
+
+class TEST_F_before_TEST_in_same_test_case : public testing::Test {
+};
+
+TEST_F(TEST_F_before_TEST_in_same_test_case, DefinedUsingTEST_F) {}
+
+// Expected to fail.  We rely on the golden file to check that Google Test
+// generates the right error message.
+TEST(TEST_F_before_TEST_in_same_test_case, DefinedUsingTESTAndShouldFail) {}
+
+class TEST_before_TEST_F_in_same_test_case : public testing::Test {
+};
+
+TEST(TEST_before_TEST_F_in_same_test_case, DefinedUsingTEST) {}
+
+// Expected to fail.  We rely on the golden file to check that Google Test
+// generates the right error message.
+TEST_F(TEST_before_TEST_F_in_same_test_case, DefinedUsingTEST_FAndShouldFail) {
+}
+
+// Used for testing EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE() and EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE().
+int global_integer = 0;
+
+// Tests that EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE() can reference global variables.
+TEST(ExpectNonfatalFailureTest, CanReferenceGlobalVariables) {
+  global_integer = 0;
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, global_integer) << "Expected non-fatal failure.";
+  }, "Expected non-fatal failure.");
+}
+
+// Tests that EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE() can reference local variables
+// (static or not).
+TEST(ExpectNonfatalFailureTest, CanReferenceLocalVariables) {
+  int m = 0;
+  static int n;
+  n = 1;
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({
+    EXPECT_EQ(m, n) << "Expected non-fatal failure.";
+  }, "Expected non-fatal failure.");
+}
+
+// Tests that EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE() succeeds when there is exactly
+// one non-fatal failure and no fatal failure.
+TEST(ExpectNonfatalFailureTest, SucceedsWhenThereIsOneNonfatalFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "Expected non-fatal failure.";
+  }, "Expected non-fatal failure.");
+}
+
+// Tests that EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE() fails when there is no
+// non-fatal failure.
+TEST(ExpectNonfatalFailureTest, FailsWhenThereIsNoNonfatalFailure) {
+  printf("(expecting a failure)\n");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests that EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE() fails when there are two
+// non-fatal failures.
+TEST(ExpectNonfatalFailureTest, FailsWhenThereAreTwoNonfatalFailures) {
+  printf("(expecting a failure)\n");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "Expected non-fatal failure 1.";
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "Expected non-fatal failure 2.";
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests that EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE() fails when there is one fatal
+// failure.
+TEST(ExpectNonfatalFailureTest, FailsWhenThereIsOneFatalFailure) {
+  printf("(expecting a failure)\n");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({
+    FAIL() << "Expected fatal failure.";
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests that EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE() fails when the statement being
+// tested returns.
+TEST(ExpectNonfatalFailureTest, FailsWhenStatementReturns) {
+  printf("(expecting a failure)\n");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({
+    return;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// Tests that EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE() fails when the statement being
+// tested throws.
+TEST(ExpectNonfatalFailureTest, FailsWhenStatementThrows) {
+  printf("(expecting a failure)\n");
+  try {
+    EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({
+      throw 0;
+    }, "");
+  } catch(int) {  // NOLINT
+  }
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// Tests that EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE() can reference global variables.
+TEST(ExpectFatalFailureTest, CanReferenceGlobalVariables) {
+  global_integer = 0;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, global_integer) << "Expected fatal failure.";
+  }, "Expected fatal failure.");
+}
+
+// Tests that EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE() can reference local static
+// variables.
+TEST(ExpectFatalFailureTest, CanReferenceLocalStaticVariables) {
+  static int n;
+  n = 1;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, n) << "Expected fatal failure.";
+  }, "Expected fatal failure.");
+}
+
+// Tests that EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE() succeeds when there is exactly
+// one fatal failure and no non-fatal failure.
+TEST(ExpectFatalFailureTest, SucceedsWhenThereIsOneFatalFailure) {
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({
+    FAIL() << "Expected fatal failure.";
+  }, "Expected fatal failure.");
+}
+
+// Tests that EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE() fails when there is no fatal
+// failure.
+TEST(ExpectFatalFailureTest, FailsWhenThereIsNoFatalFailure) {
+  printf("(expecting a failure)\n");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// A helper for generating a fatal failure.
+void FatalFailure() {
+  FAIL() << "Expected fatal failure.";
+}
+
+// Tests that EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE() fails when there are two
+// fatal failures.
+TEST(ExpectFatalFailureTest, FailsWhenThereAreTwoFatalFailures) {
+  printf("(expecting a failure)\n");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({
+    FatalFailure();
+    FatalFailure();
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests that EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE() fails when there is one non-fatal
+// failure.
+TEST(ExpectFatalFailureTest, FailsWhenThereIsOneNonfatalFailure) {
+  printf("(expecting a failure)\n");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "Expected non-fatal failure.";
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests that EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE() fails when the statement being
+// tested returns.
+TEST(ExpectFatalFailureTest, FailsWhenStatementReturns) {
+  printf("(expecting a failure)\n");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({
+    return;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// Tests that EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE() fails when the statement being
+// tested throws.
+TEST(ExpectFatalFailureTest, FailsWhenStatementThrows) {
+  printf("(expecting a failure)\n");
+  try {
+    EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({
+      throw 0;
+    }, "");
+  } catch(int) {  // NOLINT
+  }
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// This #ifdef block tests the output of value-parameterized tests.
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+std::string ParamNameFunc(const testing::TestParamInfo<std::string>& info) {
+  return info.param;
+}
+
+class ParamTest : public testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
+};
+
+TEST_P(ParamTest, Success) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("a", GetParam());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ParamTest, Failure) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("b", GetParam()) << "Expected failure";
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(PrintingStrings,
+                        ParamTest,
+                        testing::Values(std::string("a")),
+                        ParamNameFunc);
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+// This #ifdef block tests the output of typed tests.
+#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+
+template <typename T>
+class TypedTest : public testing::Test {
+};
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE(TypedTest, testing::Types<int>);
+
+TYPED_TEST(TypedTest, Success) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, TypeParam());
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(TypedTest, Failure) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, TypeParam()) << "Expected failure";
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+
+// This #ifdef block tests the output of type-parameterized tests.
+#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
+
+template <typename T>
+class TypedTestP : public testing::Test {
+};
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(TypedTestP);
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(TypedTestP, Success) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, TypeParam());
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(TypedTestP, Failure) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1U, TypeParam()) << "Expected failure";
+}
+
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(TypedTestP, Success, Failure);
+
+typedef testing::Types<unsigned char, unsigned int> UnsignedTypes;
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(Unsigned, TypedTestP, UnsignedTypes);
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+// We rely on the golden file to verify that tests whose test case
+// name ends with DeathTest are run first.
+
+TEST(ADeathTest, ShouldRunFirst) {
+}
+
+# if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+
+// We rely on the golden file to verify that typed tests whose test
+// case name ends with DeathTest are run first.
+
+template <typename T>
+class ATypedDeathTest : public testing::Test {
+};
+
+typedef testing::Types<int, double> NumericTypes;
+TYPED_TEST_CASE(ATypedDeathTest, NumericTypes);
+
+TYPED_TEST(ATypedDeathTest, ShouldRunFirst) {
+}
+
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+
+# if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
+
+
+// We rely on the golden file to verify that type-parameterized tests
+// whose test case name ends with DeathTest are run first.
+
+template <typename T>
+class ATypeParamDeathTest : public testing::Test {
+};
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(ATypeParamDeathTest);
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ATypeParamDeathTest, ShouldRunFirst) {
+}
+
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(ATypeParamDeathTest, ShouldRunFirst);
+
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, ATypeParamDeathTest, NumericTypes);
+
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+// Tests various failure conditions of
+// EXPECT_{,NON}FATAL_FAILURE{,_ON_ALL_THREADS}.
+class ExpectFailureTest : public testing::Test {
+ public:  // Must be public and not protected due to a bug in g++ 3.4.2.
+  enum FailureMode {
+    FATAL_FAILURE,
+    NONFATAL_FAILURE
+  };
+  static void AddFailure(FailureMode failure) {
+    if (failure == FATAL_FAILURE) {
+      FAIL() << "Expected fatal failure.";
+    } else {
+      ADD_FAILURE() << "Expected non-fatal failure.";
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(ExpectFailureTest, ExpectFatalFailure) {
+  // Expected fatal failure, but succeeds.
+  printf("(expecting 1 failure)\n");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(SUCCEED(), "Expected fatal failure.");
+  // Expected fatal failure, but got a non-fatal failure.
+  printf("(expecting 1 failure)\n");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(AddFailure(NONFATAL_FAILURE), "Expected non-fatal "
+                       "failure.");
+  // Wrong message.
+  printf("(expecting 1 failure)\n");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(AddFailure(FATAL_FAILURE), "Some other fatal failure "
+                       "expected.");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ExpectFailureTest, ExpectNonFatalFailure) {
+  // Expected non-fatal failure, but succeeds.
+  printf("(expecting 1 failure)\n");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(SUCCEED(), "Expected non-fatal failure.");
+  // Expected non-fatal failure, but got a fatal failure.
+  printf("(expecting 1 failure)\n");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(AddFailure(FATAL_FAILURE), "Expected fatal failure.");
+  // Wrong message.
+  printf("(expecting 1 failure)\n");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(AddFailure(NONFATAL_FAILURE), "Some other non-fatal "
+                          "failure.");
+}
+
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+
+class ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest : public ExpectFailureTest {
+ protected:
+  static void AddFailureInOtherThread(FailureMode failure) {
+    ThreadWithParam<FailureMode> thread(&AddFailure, failure, NULL);
+    thread.Join();
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest, ExpectFatalFailure) {
+  // We only intercept the current thread.
+  printf("(expecting 2 failures)\n");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(AddFailureInOtherThread(FATAL_FAILURE),
+                       "Expected fatal failure.");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest, ExpectNonFatalFailure) {
+  // We only intercept the current thread.
+  printf("(expecting 2 failures)\n");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(AddFailureInOtherThread(NONFATAL_FAILURE),
+                          "Expected non-fatal failure.");
+}
+
+typedef ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest;
+
+// Tests that the ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter only catches failures from
+// the current thread if it is instantiated with INTERCEPT_ONLY_CURRENT_THREAD.
+TEST_F(ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest, InterceptOnlyCurrentThread) {
+  printf("(expecting 2 failures)\n");
+  TestPartResultArray results;
+  {
+    ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter reporter(
+        ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::INTERCEPT_ONLY_CURRENT_THREAD,
+        &results);
+    AddFailureInOtherThread(FATAL_FAILURE);
+    AddFailureInOtherThread(NONFATAL_FAILURE);
+  }
+  // The two failures should not have been intercepted.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, results.size()) << "This shouldn't fail.";
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+
+TEST_F(ExpectFailureTest, ExpectFatalFailureOnAllThreads) {
+  // Expected fatal failure, but succeeds.
+  printf("(expecting 1 failure)\n");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(SUCCEED(), "Expected fatal failure.");
+  // Expected fatal failure, but got a non-fatal failure.
+  printf("(expecting 1 failure)\n");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(AddFailure(NONFATAL_FAILURE),
+                                      "Expected non-fatal failure.");
+  // Wrong message.
+  printf("(expecting 1 failure)\n");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(AddFailure(FATAL_FAILURE),
+                                      "Some other fatal failure expected.");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ExpectFailureTest, ExpectNonFatalFailureOnAllThreads) {
+  // Expected non-fatal failure, but succeeds.
+  printf("(expecting 1 failure)\n");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(SUCCEED(), "Expected non-fatal "
+                                         "failure.");
+  // Expected non-fatal failure, but got a fatal failure.
+  printf("(expecting 1 failure)\n");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(AddFailure(FATAL_FAILURE),
+                                         "Expected fatal failure.");
+  // Wrong message.
+  printf("(expecting 1 failure)\n");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(AddFailure(NONFATAL_FAILURE),
+                                         "Some other non-fatal failure.");
+}
+
+
+// Two test environments for testing testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment().
+
+class FooEnvironment : public testing::Environment {
+ public:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    printf("%s", "FooEnvironment::SetUp() called.\n");
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    printf("%s", "FooEnvironment::TearDown() called.\n");
+    FAIL() << "Expected fatal failure.";
+  }
+};
+
+class BarEnvironment : public testing::Environment {
+ public:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    printf("%s", "BarEnvironment::SetUp() called.\n");
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    printf("%s", "BarEnvironment::TearDown() called.\n");
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "Expected non-fatal failure.";
+  }
+};
+
+// The main function.
+//
+// The idea is to use Google Test to run all the tests we have defined (some
+// of them are intended to fail), and then compare the test results
+// with the "golden" file.
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  testing::GTEST_FLAG(print_time) = false;
+
+  // We just run the tests, knowing some of them are intended to fail.
+  // We will use a separate Python script to compare the output of
+  // this program with the golden file.
+
+  // It's hard to test InitGoogleTest() directly, as it has many
+  // global side effects.  The following line serves as a sanity test
+  // for it.
+  testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  bool internal_skip_environment_and_ad_hoc_tests =
+      std::count(argv, argv + argc,
+                 std::string("internal_skip_environment_and_ad_hoc_tests")) > 0;
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+  if (testing::internal::GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test) != "") {
+    // Skip the usual output capturing if we're running as the child
+    // process of an threadsafe-style death test.
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+    posix::FReopen("nul:", "w", stdout);
+# else
+    posix::FReopen("/dev/null", "w", stdout);
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+  }
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+  if (internal_skip_environment_and_ad_hoc_tests)
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+
+  // Registers two global test environments.
+  // The golden file verifies that they are set up in the order they
+  // are registered, and torn down in the reverse order.
+  testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new FooEnvironment);
+  testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new BarEnvironment);
+
+  return RunAllTests();
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_output_test_golden_lin.txt b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_output_test_golden_lin.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2223d560e2d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_output_test_golden_lin.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,743 @@
+The non-test part of the code is expected to have 2 failures.
+
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Value of: false
+  Actual: false
+Expected: true
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+      Expected: 2
+To be equal to: 3
+[==========] Running 66 tests from 29 test cases.
+[----------] Global test environment set-up.
+FooEnvironment::SetUp() called.
+BarEnvironment::SetUp() called.
+[----------] 1 test from ADeathTest
+[ RUN      ] ADeathTest.ShouldRunFirst
+[       OK ] ADeathTest.ShouldRunFirst
+[----------] 1 test from ATypedDeathTest/0, where TypeParam = int
+[ RUN      ] ATypedDeathTest/0.ShouldRunFirst
+[       OK ] ATypedDeathTest/0.ShouldRunFirst
+[----------] 1 test from ATypedDeathTest/1, where TypeParam = double
+[ RUN      ] ATypedDeathTest/1.ShouldRunFirst
+[       OK ] ATypedDeathTest/1.ShouldRunFirst
+[----------] 1 test from My/ATypeParamDeathTest/0, where TypeParam = int
+[ RUN      ] My/ATypeParamDeathTest/0.ShouldRunFirst
+[       OK ] My/ATypeParamDeathTest/0.ShouldRunFirst
+[----------] 1 test from My/ATypeParamDeathTest/1, where TypeParam = double
+[ RUN      ] My/ATypeParamDeathTest/1.ShouldRunFirst
+[       OK ] My/ATypeParamDeathTest/1.ShouldRunFirst
+[----------] 2 tests from PassingTest
+[ RUN      ] PassingTest.PassingTest1
+[       OK ] PassingTest.PassingTest1
+[ RUN      ] PassingTest.PassingTest2
+[       OK ] PassingTest.PassingTest2
+[----------] 2 tests from NonfatalFailureTest
+[ RUN      ] NonfatalFailureTest.EscapesStringOperands
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+      Expected: kGoldenString
+      Which is: "\"Line"
+To be equal to: actual
+      Which is: "actual \"string\""
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+      Expected: golden
+      Which is: "\"Line"
+To be equal to: actual
+      Which is: "actual \"string\""
+[  FAILED  ] NonfatalFailureTest.EscapesStringOperands
+[ RUN      ] NonfatalFailureTest.DiffForLongStrings
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+      Expected: golden_str
+      Which is: "\"Line\0 1\"\nLine 2"
+To be equal to: "Line 2"
+With diff:
+@@ -1,2 @@
+-\"Line\0 1\"
+ Line 2
+
+[  FAILED  ] NonfatalFailureTest.DiffForLongStrings
+[----------] 3 tests from FatalFailureTest
+[ RUN      ] FatalFailureTest.FatalFailureInSubroutine
+(expecting a failure that x should be 1)
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+      Expected: 1
+To be equal to: x
+      Which is: 2
+[  FAILED  ] FatalFailureTest.FatalFailureInSubroutine
+[ RUN      ] FatalFailureTest.FatalFailureInNestedSubroutine
+(expecting a failure that x should be 1)
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+      Expected: 1
+To be equal to: x
+      Which is: 2
+[  FAILED  ] FatalFailureTest.FatalFailureInNestedSubroutine
+[ RUN      ] FatalFailureTest.NonfatalFailureInSubroutine
+(expecting a failure on false)
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Value of: false
+  Actual: false
+Expected: true
+[  FAILED  ] FatalFailureTest.NonfatalFailureInSubroutine
+[----------] 1 test from LoggingTest
+[ RUN      ] LoggingTest.InterleavingLoggingAndAssertions
+(expecting 2 failures on (3) >= (a[i]))
+i == 0
+i == 1
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: (3) >= (a[i]), actual: 3 vs 9
+i == 2
+i == 3
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: (3) >= (a[i]), actual: 3 vs 6
+[  FAILED  ] LoggingTest.InterleavingLoggingAndAssertions
+[----------] 6 tests from SCOPED_TRACETest
+[ RUN      ] SCOPED_TRACETest.ObeysScopes
+(expected to fail)
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+This failure is expected, and shouldn't have a trace.
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+This failure is expected, and should have a trace.
+Google Test trace:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Expected trace
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+This failure is expected, and shouldn't have a trace.
+[  FAILED  ] SCOPED_TRACETest.ObeysScopes
+[ RUN      ] SCOPED_TRACETest.WorksInLoop
+(expected to fail)
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+      Expected: 2
+To be equal to: n
+      Which is: 1
+Google Test trace:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: i = 1
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+      Expected: 1
+To be equal to: n
+      Which is: 2
+Google Test trace:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: i = 2
+[  FAILED  ] SCOPED_TRACETest.WorksInLoop
+[ RUN      ] SCOPED_TRACETest.WorksInSubroutine
+(expected to fail)
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+      Expected: 2
+To be equal to: n
+      Which is: 1
+Google Test trace:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: n = 1
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+      Expected: 1
+To be equal to: n
+      Which is: 2
+Google Test trace:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: n = 2
+[  FAILED  ] SCOPED_TRACETest.WorksInSubroutine
+[ RUN      ] SCOPED_TRACETest.CanBeNested
+(expected to fail)
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+      Expected: 1
+To be equal to: n
+      Which is: 2
+Google Test trace:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: n = 2
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: 
+[  FAILED  ] SCOPED_TRACETest.CanBeNested
+[ RUN      ] SCOPED_TRACETest.CanBeRepeated
+(expected to fail)
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+This failure is expected, and should contain trace point A.
+Google Test trace:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: A
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+This failure is expected, and should contain trace point A and B.
+Google Test trace:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: B
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: A
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+This failure is expected, and should contain trace point A, B, and C.
+Google Test trace:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: C
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: B
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: A
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+This failure is expected, and should contain trace point A, B, and D.
+Google Test trace:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: D
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: B
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: A
+[  FAILED  ] SCOPED_TRACETest.CanBeRepeated
+[ RUN      ] SCOPED_TRACETest.WorksConcurrently
+(expecting 6 failures)
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #1 (in thread B, only trace B alive).
+Google Test trace:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Trace B
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #2 (in thread A, trace A & B both alive).
+Google Test trace:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Trace A
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #3 (in thread B, trace A & B both alive).
+Google Test trace:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Trace B
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #4 (in thread B, only trace A alive).
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #5 (in thread A, only trace A alive).
+Google Test trace:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Trace A
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #6 (in thread A, no trace alive).
+[  FAILED  ] SCOPED_TRACETest.WorksConcurrently
+[----------] 1 test from NonFatalFailureInFixtureConstructorTest
+[ RUN      ] NonFatalFailureInFixtureConstructorTest.FailureInConstructor
+(expecting 5 failures)
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #1, in the test fixture c'tor.
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #2, in SetUp().
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #3, in the test body.
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #4, in TearDown.
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #5, in the test fixture d'tor.
+[  FAILED  ] NonFatalFailureInFixtureConstructorTest.FailureInConstructor
+[----------] 1 test from FatalFailureInFixtureConstructorTest
+[ RUN      ] FatalFailureInFixtureConstructorTest.FailureInConstructor
+(expecting 2 failures)
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #1, in the test fixture c'tor.
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #2, in the test fixture d'tor.
+[  FAILED  ] FatalFailureInFixtureConstructorTest.FailureInConstructor
+[----------] 1 test from NonFatalFailureInSetUpTest
+[ RUN      ] NonFatalFailureInSetUpTest.FailureInSetUp
+(expecting 4 failures)
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #1, in SetUp().
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #2, in the test function.
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #3, in TearDown().
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #4, in the test fixture d'tor.
+[  FAILED  ] NonFatalFailureInSetUpTest.FailureInSetUp
+[----------] 1 test from FatalFailureInSetUpTest
+[ RUN      ] FatalFailureInSetUpTest.FailureInSetUp
+(expecting 3 failures)
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #1, in SetUp().
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #2, in TearDown().
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #3, in the test fixture d'tor.
+[  FAILED  ] FatalFailureInSetUpTest.FailureInSetUp
+[----------] 1 test from AddFailureAtTest
+[ RUN      ] AddFailureAtTest.MessageContainsSpecifiedFileAndLineNumber
+foo.cc:42: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure in foo.cc
+[  FAILED  ] AddFailureAtTest.MessageContainsSpecifiedFileAndLineNumber
+[----------] 4 tests from MixedUpTestCaseTest
+[ RUN      ] MixedUpTestCaseTest.FirstTestFromNamespaceFoo
+[       OK ] MixedUpTestCaseTest.FirstTestFromNamespaceFoo
+[ RUN      ] MixedUpTestCaseTest.SecondTestFromNamespaceFoo
+[       OK ] MixedUpTestCaseTest.SecondTestFromNamespaceFoo
+[ RUN      ] MixedUpTestCaseTest.ThisShouldFail
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture
+class.  However, in test case MixedUpTestCaseTest,
+you defined test FirstTestFromNamespaceFoo and test ThisShouldFail
+using two different test fixture classes.  This can happen if
+the two classes are from different namespaces or translation
+units and have the same name.  You should probably rename one
+of the classes to put the tests into different test cases.
+[  FAILED  ] MixedUpTestCaseTest.ThisShouldFail
+[ RUN      ] MixedUpTestCaseTest.ThisShouldFailToo
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture
+class.  However, in test case MixedUpTestCaseTest,
+you defined test FirstTestFromNamespaceFoo and test ThisShouldFailToo
+using two different test fixture classes.  This can happen if
+the two classes are from different namespaces or translation
+units and have the same name.  You should probably rename one
+of the classes to put the tests into different test cases.
+[  FAILED  ] MixedUpTestCaseTest.ThisShouldFailToo
+[----------] 2 tests from MixedUpTestCaseWithSameTestNameTest
+[ RUN      ] MixedUpTestCaseWithSameTestNameTest.TheSecondTestWithThisNameShouldFail
+[       OK ] MixedUpTestCaseWithSameTestNameTest.TheSecondTestWithThisNameShouldFail
+[ RUN      ] MixedUpTestCaseWithSameTestNameTest.TheSecondTestWithThisNameShouldFail
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture
+class.  However, in test case MixedUpTestCaseWithSameTestNameTest,
+you defined test TheSecondTestWithThisNameShouldFail and test TheSecondTestWithThisNameShouldFail
+using two different test fixture classes.  This can happen if
+the two classes are from different namespaces or translation
+units and have the same name.  You should probably rename one
+of the classes to put the tests into different test cases.
+[  FAILED  ] MixedUpTestCaseWithSameTestNameTest.TheSecondTestWithThisNameShouldFail
+[----------] 2 tests from TEST_F_before_TEST_in_same_test_case
+[ RUN      ] TEST_F_before_TEST_in_same_test_case.DefinedUsingTEST_F
+[       OK ] TEST_F_before_TEST_in_same_test_case.DefinedUsingTEST_F
+[ RUN      ] TEST_F_before_TEST_in_same_test_case.DefinedUsingTESTAndShouldFail
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture
+class, so mixing TEST_F and TEST in the same test case is
+illegal.  In test case TEST_F_before_TEST_in_same_test_case,
+test DefinedUsingTEST_F is defined using TEST_F but
+test DefinedUsingTESTAndShouldFail is defined using TEST.  You probably
+want to change the TEST to TEST_F or move it to another test
+case.
+[  FAILED  ] TEST_F_before_TEST_in_same_test_case.DefinedUsingTESTAndShouldFail
+[----------] 2 tests from TEST_before_TEST_F_in_same_test_case
+[ RUN      ] TEST_before_TEST_F_in_same_test_case.DefinedUsingTEST
+[       OK ] TEST_before_TEST_F_in_same_test_case.DefinedUsingTEST
+[ RUN      ] TEST_before_TEST_F_in_same_test_case.DefinedUsingTEST_FAndShouldFail
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture
+class, so mixing TEST_F and TEST in the same test case is
+illegal.  In test case TEST_before_TEST_F_in_same_test_case,
+test DefinedUsingTEST_FAndShouldFail is defined using TEST_F but
+test DefinedUsingTEST is defined using TEST.  You probably
+want to change the TEST to TEST_F or move it to another test
+case.
+[  FAILED  ] TEST_before_TEST_F_in_same_test_case.DefinedUsingTEST_FAndShouldFail
+[----------] 8 tests from ExpectNonfatalFailureTest
+[ RUN      ] ExpectNonfatalFailureTest.CanReferenceGlobalVariables
+[       OK ] ExpectNonfatalFailureTest.CanReferenceGlobalVariables
+[ RUN      ] ExpectNonfatalFailureTest.CanReferenceLocalVariables
+[       OK ] ExpectNonfatalFailureTest.CanReferenceLocalVariables
+[ RUN      ] ExpectNonfatalFailureTest.SucceedsWhenThereIsOneNonfatalFailure
+[       OK ] ExpectNonfatalFailureTest.SucceedsWhenThereIsOneNonfatalFailure
+[ RUN      ] ExpectNonfatalFailureTest.FailsWhenThereIsNoNonfatalFailure
+(expecting a failure)
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: 1 non-fatal failure
+  Actual: 0 failures
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectNonfatalFailureTest.FailsWhenThereIsNoNonfatalFailure
+[ RUN      ] ExpectNonfatalFailureTest.FailsWhenThereAreTwoNonfatalFailures
+(expecting a failure)
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: 1 non-fatal failure
+  Actual: 2 failures
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Non-fatal failure:
+Failed
+Expected non-fatal failure 1.
+
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Non-fatal failure:
+Failed
+Expected non-fatal failure 2.
+
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectNonfatalFailureTest.FailsWhenThereAreTwoNonfatalFailures
+[ RUN      ] ExpectNonfatalFailureTest.FailsWhenThereIsOneFatalFailure
+(expecting a failure)
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: 1 non-fatal failure
+  Actual:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Fatal failure:
+Failed
+Expected fatal failure.
+
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectNonfatalFailureTest.FailsWhenThereIsOneFatalFailure
+[ RUN      ] ExpectNonfatalFailureTest.FailsWhenStatementReturns
+(expecting a failure)
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: 1 non-fatal failure
+  Actual: 0 failures
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectNonfatalFailureTest.FailsWhenStatementReturns
+[ RUN      ] ExpectNonfatalFailureTest.FailsWhenStatementThrows
+(expecting a failure)
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: 1 non-fatal failure
+  Actual: 0 failures
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectNonfatalFailureTest.FailsWhenStatementThrows
+[----------] 8 tests from ExpectFatalFailureTest
+[ RUN      ] ExpectFatalFailureTest.CanReferenceGlobalVariables
+[       OK ] ExpectFatalFailureTest.CanReferenceGlobalVariables
+[ RUN      ] ExpectFatalFailureTest.CanReferenceLocalStaticVariables
+[       OK ] ExpectFatalFailureTest.CanReferenceLocalStaticVariables
+[ RUN      ] ExpectFatalFailureTest.SucceedsWhenThereIsOneFatalFailure
+[       OK ] ExpectFatalFailureTest.SucceedsWhenThereIsOneFatalFailure
+[ RUN      ] ExpectFatalFailureTest.FailsWhenThereIsNoFatalFailure
+(expecting a failure)
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: 1 fatal failure
+  Actual: 0 failures
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectFatalFailureTest.FailsWhenThereIsNoFatalFailure
+[ RUN      ] ExpectFatalFailureTest.FailsWhenThereAreTwoFatalFailures
+(expecting a failure)
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: 1 fatal failure
+  Actual: 2 failures
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Fatal failure:
+Failed
+Expected fatal failure.
+
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Fatal failure:
+Failed
+Expected fatal failure.
+
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectFatalFailureTest.FailsWhenThereAreTwoFatalFailures
+[ RUN      ] ExpectFatalFailureTest.FailsWhenThereIsOneNonfatalFailure
+(expecting a failure)
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: 1 fatal failure
+  Actual:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Non-fatal failure:
+Failed
+Expected non-fatal failure.
+
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectFatalFailureTest.FailsWhenThereIsOneNonfatalFailure
+[ RUN      ] ExpectFatalFailureTest.FailsWhenStatementReturns
+(expecting a failure)
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: 1 fatal failure
+  Actual: 0 failures
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectFatalFailureTest.FailsWhenStatementReturns
+[ RUN      ] ExpectFatalFailureTest.FailsWhenStatementThrows
+(expecting a failure)
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: 1 fatal failure
+  Actual: 0 failures
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectFatalFailureTest.FailsWhenStatementThrows
+[----------] 2 tests from TypedTest/0, where TypeParam = int
+[ RUN      ] TypedTest/0.Success
+[       OK ] TypedTest/0.Success
+[ RUN      ] TypedTest/0.Failure
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+      Expected: 1
+To be equal to: TypeParam()
+      Which is: 0
+Expected failure
+[  FAILED  ] TypedTest/0.Failure, where TypeParam = int
+[----------] 2 tests from Unsigned/TypedTestP/0, where TypeParam = unsigned char
+[ RUN      ] Unsigned/TypedTestP/0.Success
+[       OK ] Unsigned/TypedTestP/0.Success
+[ RUN      ] Unsigned/TypedTestP/0.Failure
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+      Expected: 1U
+      Which is: 1
+To be equal to: TypeParam()
+      Which is: '\0'
+Expected failure
+[  FAILED  ] Unsigned/TypedTestP/0.Failure, where TypeParam = unsigned char
+[----------] 2 tests from Unsigned/TypedTestP/1, where TypeParam = unsigned int
+[ RUN      ] Unsigned/TypedTestP/1.Success
+[       OK ] Unsigned/TypedTestP/1.Success
+[ RUN      ] Unsigned/TypedTestP/1.Failure
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+      Expected: 1U
+      Which is: 1
+To be equal to: TypeParam()
+      Which is: 0
+Expected failure
+[  FAILED  ] Unsigned/TypedTestP/1.Failure, where TypeParam = unsigned int
+[----------] 4 tests from ExpectFailureTest
+[ RUN      ] ExpectFailureTest.ExpectFatalFailure
+(expecting 1 failure)
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: 1 fatal failure
+  Actual:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Success:
+Succeeded
+
+(expecting 1 failure)
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: 1 fatal failure
+  Actual:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Non-fatal failure:
+Failed
+Expected non-fatal failure.
+
+(expecting 1 failure)
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: 1 fatal failure containing "Some other fatal failure expected."
+  Actual:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Fatal failure:
+Failed
+Expected fatal failure.
+
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectFailureTest.ExpectFatalFailure
+[ RUN      ] ExpectFailureTest.ExpectNonFatalFailure
+(expecting 1 failure)
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: 1 non-fatal failure
+  Actual:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Success:
+Succeeded
+
+(expecting 1 failure)
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: 1 non-fatal failure
+  Actual:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Fatal failure:
+Failed
+Expected fatal failure.
+
+(expecting 1 failure)
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: 1 non-fatal failure containing "Some other non-fatal failure."
+  Actual:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Non-fatal failure:
+Failed
+Expected non-fatal failure.
+
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectFailureTest.ExpectNonFatalFailure
+[ RUN      ] ExpectFailureTest.ExpectFatalFailureOnAllThreads
+(expecting 1 failure)
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: 1 fatal failure
+  Actual:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Success:
+Succeeded
+
+(expecting 1 failure)
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: 1 fatal failure
+  Actual:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Non-fatal failure:
+Failed
+Expected non-fatal failure.
+
+(expecting 1 failure)
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: 1 fatal failure containing "Some other fatal failure expected."
+  Actual:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Fatal failure:
+Failed
+Expected fatal failure.
+
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectFailureTest.ExpectFatalFailureOnAllThreads
+[ RUN      ] ExpectFailureTest.ExpectNonFatalFailureOnAllThreads
+(expecting 1 failure)
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: 1 non-fatal failure
+  Actual:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Success:
+Succeeded
+
+(expecting 1 failure)
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: 1 non-fatal failure
+  Actual:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Fatal failure:
+Failed
+Expected fatal failure.
+
+(expecting 1 failure)
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: 1 non-fatal failure containing "Some other non-fatal failure."
+  Actual:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Non-fatal failure:
+Failed
+Expected non-fatal failure.
+
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectFailureTest.ExpectNonFatalFailureOnAllThreads
+[----------] 2 tests from ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest
+[ RUN      ] ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest.ExpectFatalFailure
+(expecting 2 failures)
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected fatal failure.
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: 1 fatal failure
+  Actual: 0 failures
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest.ExpectFatalFailure
+[ RUN      ] ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest.ExpectNonFatalFailure
+(expecting 2 failures)
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected non-fatal failure.
+gtest.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: 1 non-fatal failure
+  Actual: 0 failures
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest.ExpectNonFatalFailure
+[----------] 1 test from ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest
+[ RUN      ] ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest.InterceptOnlyCurrentThread
+(expecting 2 failures)
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected fatal failure.
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected non-fatal failure.
+[  FAILED  ] ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest.InterceptOnlyCurrentThread
+[----------] 1 test from PrintingFailingParams/FailingParamTest
+[ RUN      ] PrintingFailingParams/FailingParamTest.Fails/0
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+      Expected: 1
+To be equal to: GetParam()
+      Which is: 2
+[  FAILED  ] PrintingFailingParams/FailingParamTest.Fails/0, where GetParam() = 2
+[----------] 2 tests from PrintingStrings/ParamTest
+[ RUN      ] PrintingStrings/ParamTest.Success/a
+[       OK ] PrintingStrings/ParamTest.Success/a
+[ RUN      ] PrintingStrings/ParamTest.Failure/a
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+      Expected: "b"
+To be equal to: GetParam()
+      Which is: "a"
+Expected failure
+[  FAILED  ] PrintingStrings/ParamTest.Failure/a, where GetParam() = "a"
+[----------] Global test environment tear-down
+BarEnvironment::TearDown() called.
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected non-fatal failure.
+FooEnvironment::TearDown() called.
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected fatal failure.
+[==========] 66 tests from 29 test cases ran.
+[  PASSED  ] 22 tests.
+[  FAILED  ] 44 tests, listed below:
+[  FAILED  ] NonfatalFailureTest.EscapesStringOperands
+[  FAILED  ] NonfatalFailureTest.DiffForLongStrings
+[  FAILED  ] FatalFailureTest.FatalFailureInSubroutine
+[  FAILED  ] FatalFailureTest.FatalFailureInNestedSubroutine
+[  FAILED  ] FatalFailureTest.NonfatalFailureInSubroutine
+[  FAILED  ] LoggingTest.InterleavingLoggingAndAssertions
+[  FAILED  ] SCOPED_TRACETest.ObeysScopes
+[  FAILED  ] SCOPED_TRACETest.WorksInLoop
+[  FAILED  ] SCOPED_TRACETest.WorksInSubroutine
+[  FAILED  ] SCOPED_TRACETest.CanBeNested
+[  FAILED  ] SCOPED_TRACETest.CanBeRepeated
+[  FAILED  ] SCOPED_TRACETest.WorksConcurrently
+[  FAILED  ] NonFatalFailureInFixtureConstructorTest.FailureInConstructor
+[  FAILED  ] FatalFailureInFixtureConstructorTest.FailureInConstructor
+[  FAILED  ] NonFatalFailureInSetUpTest.FailureInSetUp
+[  FAILED  ] FatalFailureInSetUpTest.FailureInSetUp
+[  FAILED  ] AddFailureAtTest.MessageContainsSpecifiedFileAndLineNumber
+[  FAILED  ] MixedUpTestCaseTest.ThisShouldFail
+[  FAILED  ] MixedUpTestCaseTest.ThisShouldFailToo
+[  FAILED  ] MixedUpTestCaseWithSameTestNameTest.TheSecondTestWithThisNameShouldFail
+[  FAILED  ] TEST_F_before_TEST_in_same_test_case.DefinedUsingTESTAndShouldFail
+[  FAILED  ] TEST_before_TEST_F_in_same_test_case.DefinedUsingTEST_FAndShouldFail
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectNonfatalFailureTest.FailsWhenThereIsNoNonfatalFailure
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectNonfatalFailureTest.FailsWhenThereAreTwoNonfatalFailures
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectNonfatalFailureTest.FailsWhenThereIsOneFatalFailure
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectNonfatalFailureTest.FailsWhenStatementReturns
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectNonfatalFailureTest.FailsWhenStatementThrows
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectFatalFailureTest.FailsWhenThereIsNoFatalFailure
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectFatalFailureTest.FailsWhenThereAreTwoFatalFailures
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectFatalFailureTest.FailsWhenThereIsOneNonfatalFailure
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectFatalFailureTest.FailsWhenStatementReturns
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectFatalFailureTest.FailsWhenStatementThrows
+[  FAILED  ] TypedTest/0.Failure, where TypeParam = int
+[  FAILED  ] Unsigned/TypedTestP/0.Failure, where TypeParam = unsigned char
+[  FAILED  ] Unsigned/TypedTestP/1.Failure, where TypeParam = unsigned int
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectFailureTest.ExpectFatalFailure
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectFailureTest.ExpectNonFatalFailure
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectFailureTest.ExpectFatalFailureOnAllThreads
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectFailureTest.ExpectNonFatalFailureOnAllThreads
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest.ExpectFatalFailure
+[  FAILED  ] ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest.ExpectNonFatalFailure
+[  FAILED  ] ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest.InterceptOnlyCurrentThread
+[  FAILED  ] PrintingFailingParams/FailingParamTest.Fails/0, where GetParam() = 2
+[  FAILED  ] PrintingStrings/ParamTest.Failure/a, where GetParam() = "a"
+
+44 FAILED TESTS
+  YOU HAVE 1 DISABLED TEST
+
+Note: Google Test filter = FatalFailureTest.*:LoggingTest.*
+[==========] Running 4 tests from 2 test cases.
+[----------] Global test environment set-up.
+[----------] 3 tests from FatalFailureTest
+[ RUN      ] FatalFailureTest.FatalFailureInSubroutine
+(expecting a failure that x should be 1)
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+      Expected: 1
+To be equal to: x
+      Which is: 2
+[  FAILED  ] FatalFailureTest.FatalFailureInSubroutine (? ms)
+[ RUN      ] FatalFailureTest.FatalFailureInNestedSubroutine
+(expecting a failure that x should be 1)
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+      Expected: 1
+To be equal to: x
+      Which is: 2
+[  FAILED  ] FatalFailureTest.FatalFailureInNestedSubroutine (? ms)
+[ RUN      ] FatalFailureTest.NonfatalFailureInSubroutine
+(expecting a failure on false)
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Value of: false
+  Actual: false
+Expected: true
+[  FAILED  ] FatalFailureTest.NonfatalFailureInSubroutine (? ms)
+[----------] 3 tests from FatalFailureTest (? ms total)
+
+[----------] 1 test from LoggingTest
+[ RUN      ] LoggingTest.InterleavingLoggingAndAssertions
+(expecting 2 failures on (3) >= (a[i]))
+i == 0
+i == 1
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: (3) >= (a[i]), actual: 3 vs 9
+i == 2
+i == 3
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Expected: (3) >= (a[i]), actual: 3 vs 6
+[  FAILED  ] LoggingTest.InterleavingLoggingAndAssertions (? ms)
+[----------] 1 test from LoggingTest (? ms total)
+
+[----------] Global test environment tear-down
+[==========] 4 tests from 2 test cases ran. (? ms total)
+[  PASSED  ] 0 tests.
+[  FAILED  ] 4 tests, listed below:
+[  FAILED  ] FatalFailureTest.FatalFailureInSubroutine
+[  FAILED  ] FatalFailureTest.FatalFailureInNestedSubroutine
+[  FAILED  ] FatalFailureTest.NonfatalFailureInSubroutine
+[  FAILED  ] LoggingTest.InterleavingLoggingAndAssertions
+
+ 4 FAILED TESTS
+Note: Google Test filter = *DISABLED_*
+[==========] Running 1 test from 1 test case.
+[----------] Global test environment set-up.
+[----------] 1 test from DisabledTestsWarningTest
+[ RUN      ] DisabledTestsWarningTest.DISABLED_AlsoRunDisabledTestsFlagSuppressesWarning
+[       OK ] DisabledTestsWarningTest.DISABLED_AlsoRunDisabledTestsFlagSuppressesWarning
+[----------] Global test environment tear-down
+[==========] 1 test from 1 test case ran.
+[  PASSED  ] 1 test.
+Note: Google Test filter = PassingTest.*
+Note: This is test shard 2 of 2.
+[==========] Running 1 test from 1 test case.
+[----------] Global test environment set-up.
+[----------] 1 test from PassingTest
+[ RUN      ] PassingTest.PassingTest2
+[       OK ] PassingTest.PassingTest2
+[----------] Global test environment tear-down
+[==========] 1 test from 1 test case ran.
+[  PASSED  ] 1 test.
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_pred_impl_unittest.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_pred_impl_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a84eff860a4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_pred_impl_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,2427 @@
+// Copyright 2006, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This file is AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED on 10/31/2011 by command
+// 'gen_gtest_pred_impl.py 5'.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
+
+// Regression test for gtest_pred_impl.h
+//
+// This file is generated by a script and quite long.  If you intend to
+// learn how Google Test works by reading its unit tests, read
+// gtest_unittest.cc instead.
+//
+// This is intended as a regression test for the Google Test predicate
+// assertions.  We compile it as part of the gtest_unittest target
+// only to keep the implementation tidy and compact, as it is quite
+// involved to set up the stage for testing Google Test using Google
+// Test itself.
+//
+// Currently, gtest_unittest takes ~11 seconds to run in the testing
+// daemon.  In the future, if it grows too large and needs much more
+// time to finish, we should consider separating this file into a
+// stand-alone regression test.
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
+
+// A user-defined data type.
+struct Bool {
+  explicit Bool(int val) : value(val != 0) {}
+
+  bool operator>(int n) const { return value > Bool(n).value; }
+
+  Bool operator+(const Bool& rhs) const { return Bool(value + rhs.value); }
+
+  bool operator==(const Bool& rhs) const { return value == rhs.value; }
+
+  bool value;
+};
+
+// Enables Bool to be used in assertions.
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Bool& x) {
+  return os << (x.value ? "true" : "false");
+}
+
+// Sample functions/functors for testing unary predicate assertions.
+
+// A unary predicate function.
+template <typename T1>
+bool PredFunction1(T1 v1) {
+  return v1 > 0;
+}
+
+// The following two functions are needed to circumvent a bug in
+// gcc 2.95.3, which sometimes has problem with the above template
+// function.
+bool PredFunction1Int(int v1) {
+  return v1 > 0;
+}
+bool PredFunction1Bool(Bool v1) {
+  return v1 > 0;
+}
+
+// A unary predicate functor.
+struct PredFunctor1 {
+  template <typename T1>
+  bool operator()(const T1& v1) {
+    return v1 > 0;
+  }
+};
+
+// A unary predicate-formatter function.
+template <typename T1>
+testing::AssertionResult PredFormatFunction1(const char* e1,
+                                             const T1& v1) {
+  if (PredFunction1(v1))
+    return testing::AssertionSuccess();
+
+  return testing::AssertionFailure()
+      << e1
+      << " is expected to be positive, but evaluates to "
+      << v1 << ".";
+}
+
+// A unary predicate-formatter functor.
+struct PredFormatFunctor1 {
+  template <typename T1>
+  testing::AssertionResult operator()(const char* e1,
+                                      const T1& v1) const {
+    return PredFormatFunction1(e1, v1);
+  }
+};
+
+// Tests for {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT1.
+
+class Predicate1Test : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    expected_to_finish_ = true;
+    finished_ = false;
+    n1_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    // Verifies that each of the predicate's arguments was evaluated
+    // exactly once.
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, n1_) <<
+        "The predicate assertion didn't evaluate argument 2 "
+        "exactly once.";
+
+    // Verifies that the control flow in the test function is expected.
+    if (expected_to_finish_ && !finished_) {
+      FAIL() << "The predicate assertion unexpactedly aborted the test.";
+    } else if (!expected_to_finish_ && finished_) {
+      FAIL() << "The failed predicate assertion didn't abort the test "
+                "as expected.";
+    }
+  }
+
+  // true iff the test function is expected to run to finish.
+  static bool expected_to_finish_;
+
+  // true iff the test function did run to finish.
+  static bool finished_;
+
+  static int n1_;
+};
+
+bool Predicate1Test::expected_to_finish_;
+bool Predicate1Test::finished_;
+int Predicate1Test::n1_;
+
+typedef Predicate1Test EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1Test;
+typedef Predicate1Test ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1Test;
+typedef Predicate1Test EXPECT_PRED1Test;
+typedef Predicate1Test ASSERT_PRED1Test;
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED1Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED1(PredFunction1Int,
+               ++n1_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED1Test, FunctionOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED1(PredFunction1Bool,
+               Bool(++n1_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED1Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED1(PredFunctor1(),
+               ++n1_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED1Test, FunctorOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED1(PredFunctor1(),
+               Bool(++n1_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED1Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED1(PredFunction1Int,
+                 n1_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED1Test, FunctionOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED1(PredFunction1Bool,
+                 Bool(n1_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED1Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED1(PredFunctor1(),
+                 n1_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED1Test, FunctorOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED1(PredFunctor1(),
+                 Bool(n1_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED1Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED1(PredFunction1Int,
+               ++n1_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED1Test, FunctionOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED1(PredFunction1Bool,
+               Bool(++n1_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED1Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED1(PredFunctor1(),
+               ++n1_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED1Test, FunctorOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED1(PredFunctor1(),
+               Bool(++n1_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED1Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED1(PredFunction1Int,
+                 n1_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED1Test, FunctionOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED1(PredFunction1Bool,
+                 Bool(n1_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED1Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED1(PredFunctor1(),
+                 n1_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED1Test, FunctorOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED1(PredFunctor1(),
+                 Bool(n1_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(PredFormatFunction1,
+                      ++n1_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1Test, FunctionOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(PredFormatFunction1,
+                      Bool(++n1_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(PredFormatFunctor1(),
+                      ++n1_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1Test, FunctorOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(PredFormatFunctor1(),
+                      Bool(++n1_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(PredFormatFunction1,
+                        n1_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1Test, FunctionOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(PredFormatFunction1,
+                        Bool(n1_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(PredFormatFunctor1(),
+                        n1_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1Test, FunctorOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(PredFormatFunctor1(),
+                        Bool(n1_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(PredFormatFunction1,
+                      ++n1_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1Test, FunctionOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(PredFormatFunction1,
+                      Bool(++n1_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(PredFormatFunctor1(),
+                      ++n1_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1Test, FunctorOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(PredFormatFunctor1(),
+                      Bool(++n1_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(PredFormatFunction1,
+                        n1_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1Test, FunctionOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(PredFormatFunction1,
+                        Bool(n1_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(PredFormatFunctor1(),
+                        n1_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1Test, FunctorOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(PredFormatFunctor1(),
+                        Bool(n1_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+// Sample functions/functors for testing binary predicate assertions.
+
+// A binary predicate function.
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+bool PredFunction2(T1 v1, T2 v2) {
+  return v1 + v2 > 0;
+}
+
+// The following two functions are needed to circumvent a bug in
+// gcc 2.95.3, which sometimes has problem with the above template
+// function.
+bool PredFunction2Int(int v1, int v2) {
+  return v1 + v2 > 0;
+}
+bool PredFunction2Bool(Bool v1, Bool v2) {
+  return v1 + v2 > 0;
+}
+
+// A binary predicate functor.
+struct PredFunctor2 {
+  template <typename T1, typename T2>
+  bool operator()(const T1& v1,
+                  const T2& v2) {
+    return v1 + v2 > 0;
+  }
+};
+
+// A binary predicate-formatter function.
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+testing::AssertionResult PredFormatFunction2(const char* e1,
+                                             const char* e2,
+                                             const T1& v1,
+                                             const T2& v2) {
+  if (PredFunction2(v1, v2))
+    return testing::AssertionSuccess();
+
+  return testing::AssertionFailure()
+      << e1 << " + " << e2
+      << " is expected to be positive, but evaluates to "
+      << v1 + v2 << ".";
+}
+
+// A binary predicate-formatter functor.
+struct PredFormatFunctor2 {
+  template <typename T1, typename T2>
+  testing::AssertionResult operator()(const char* e1,
+                                      const char* e2,
+                                      const T1& v1,
+                                      const T2& v2) const {
+    return PredFormatFunction2(e1, e2, v1, v2);
+  }
+};
+
+// Tests for {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT2.
+
+class Predicate2Test : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    expected_to_finish_ = true;
+    finished_ = false;
+    n1_ = n2_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    // Verifies that each of the predicate's arguments was evaluated
+    // exactly once.
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, n1_) <<
+        "The predicate assertion didn't evaluate argument 2 "
+        "exactly once.";
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, n2_) <<
+        "The predicate assertion didn't evaluate argument 3 "
+        "exactly once.";
+
+    // Verifies that the control flow in the test function is expected.
+    if (expected_to_finish_ && !finished_) {
+      FAIL() << "The predicate assertion unexpactedly aborted the test.";
+    } else if (!expected_to_finish_ && finished_) {
+      FAIL() << "The failed predicate assertion didn't abort the test "
+                "as expected.";
+    }
+  }
+
+  // true iff the test function is expected to run to finish.
+  static bool expected_to_finish_;
+
+  // true iff the test function did run to finish.
+  static bool finished_;
+
+  static int n1_;
+  static int n2_;
+};
+
+bool Predicate2Test::expected_to_finish_;
+bool Predicate2Test::finished_;
+int Predicate2Test::n1_;
+int Predicate2Test::n2_;
+
+typedef Predicate2Test EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2Test;
+typedef Predicate2Test ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2Test;
+typedef Predicate2Test EXPECT_PRED2Test;
+typedef Predicate2Test ASSERT_PRED2Test;
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED2Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED2(PredFunction2Int,
+               ++n1_,
+               ++n2_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED2Test, FunctionOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED2(PredFunction2Bool,
+               Bool(++n1_),
+               Bool(++n2_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED2Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED2(PredFunctor2(),
+               ++n1_,
+               ++n2_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED2Test, FunctorOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED2(PredFunctor2(),
+               Bool(++n1_),
+               Bool(++n2_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED2Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED2(PredFunction2Int,
+                 n1_++,
+                 n2_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED2Test, FunctionOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED2(PredFunction2Bool,
+                 Bool(n1_++),
+                 Bool(n2_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED2Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED2(PredFunctor2(),
+                 n1_++,
+                 n2_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED2Test, FunctorOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED2(PredFunctor2(),
+                 Bool(n1_++),
+                 Bool(n2_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED2Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED2(PredFunction2Int,
+               ++n1_,
+               ++n2_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED2Test, FunctionOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED2(PredFunction2Bool,
+               Bool(++n1_),
+               Bool(++n2_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED2Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED2(PredFunctor2(),
+               ++n1_,
+               ++n2_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED2Test, FunctorOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED2(PredFunctor2(),
+               Bool(++n1_),
+               Bool(++n2_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED2Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED2(PredFunction2Int,
+                 n1_++,
+                 n2_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED2Test, FunctionOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED2(PredFunction2Bool,
+                 Bool(n1_++),
+                 Bool(n2_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED2Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED2(PredFunctor2(),
+                 n1_++,
+                 n2_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED2Test, FunctorOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED2(PredFunctor2(),
+                 Bool(n1_++),
+                 Bool(n2_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(PredFormatFunction2,
+                      ++n1_,
+                      ++n2_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2Test, FunctionOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(PredFormatFunction2,
+                      Bool(++n1_),
+                      Bool(++n2_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(PredFormatFunctor2(),
+                      ++n1_,
+                      ++n2_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2Test, FunctorOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(PredFormatFunctor2(),
+                      Bool(++n1_),
+                      Bool(++n2_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(PredFormatFunction2,
+                        n1_++,
+                        n2_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2Test, FunctionOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(PredFormatFunction2,
+                        Bool(n1_++),
+                        Bool(n2_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(PredFormatFunctor2(),
+                        n1_++,
+                        n2_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2Test, FunctorOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(PredFormatFunctor2(),
+                        Bool(n1_++),
+                        Bool(n2_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(PredFormatFunction2,
+                      ++n1_,
+                      ++n2_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2Test, FunctionOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(PredFormatFunction2,
+                      Bool(++n1_),
+                      Bool(++n2_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(PredFormatFunctor2(),
+                      ++n1_,
+                      ++n2_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2Test, FunctorOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(PredFormatFunctor2(),
+                      Bool(++n1_),
+                      Bool(++n2_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(PredFormatFunction2,
+                        n1_++,
+                        n2_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2Test, FunctionOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(PredFormatFunction2,
+                        Bool(n1_++),
+                        Bool(n2_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(PredFormatFunctor2(),
+                        n1_++,
+                        n2_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2Test, FunctorOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(PredFormatFunctor2(),
+                        Bool(n1_++),
+                        Bool(n2_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+// Sample functions/functors for testing ternary predicate assertions.
+
+// A ternary predicate function.
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
+bool PredFunction3(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3) {
+  return v1 + v2 + v3 > 0;
+}
+
+// The following two functions are needed to circumvent a bug in
+// gcc 2.95.3, which sometimes has problem with the above template
+// function.
+bool PredFunction3Int(int v1, int v2, int v3) {
+  return v1 + v2 + v3 > 0;
+}
+bool PredFunction3Bool(Bool v1, Bool v2, Bool v3) {
+  return v1 + v2 + v3 > 0;
+}
+
+// A ternary predicate functor.
+struct PredFunctor3 {
+  template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
+  bool operator()(const T1& v1,
+                  const T2& v2,
+                  const T3& v3) {
+    return v1 + v2 + v3 > 0;
+  }
+};
+
+// A ternary predicate-formatter function.
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
+testing::AssertionResult PredFormatFunction3(const char* e1,
+                                             const char* e2,
+                                             const char* e3,
+                                             const T1& v1,
+                                             const T2& v2,
+                                             const T3& v3) {
+  if (PredFunction3(v1, v2, v3))
+    return testing::AssertionSuccess();
+
+  return testing::AssertionFailure()
+      << e1 << " + " << e2 << " + " << e3
+      << " is expected to be positive, but evaluates to "
+      << v1 + v2 + v3 << ".";
+}
+
+// A ternary predicate-formatter functor.
+struct PredFormatFunctor3 {
+  template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
+  testing::AssertionResult operator()(const char* e1,
+                                      const char* e2,
+                                      const char* e3,
+                                      const T1& v1,
+                                      const T2& v2,
+                                      const T3& v3) const {
+    return PredFormatFunction3(e1, e2, e3, v1, v2, v3);
+  }
+};
+
+// Tests for {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT3.
+
+class Predicate3Test : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    expected_to_finish_ = true;
+    finished_ = false;
+    n1_ = n2_ = n3_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    // Verifies that each of the predicate's arguments was evaluated
+    // exactly once.
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, n1_) <<
+        "The predicate assertion didn't evaluate argument 2 "
+        "exactly once.";
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, n2_) <<
+        "The predicate assertion didn't evaluate argument 3 "
+        "exactly once.";
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, n3_) <<
+        "The predicate assertion didn't evaluate argument 4 "
+        "exactly once.";
+
+    // Verifies that the control flow in the test function is expected.
+    if (expected_to_finish_ && !finished_) {
+      FAIL() << "The predicate assertion unexpactedly aborted the test.";
+    } else if (!expected_to_finish_ && finished_) {
+      FAIL() << "The failed predicate assertion didn't abort the test "
+                "as expected.";
+    }
+  }
+
+  // true iff the test function is expected to run to finish.
+  static bool expected_to_finish_;
+
+  // true iff the test function did run to finish.
+  static bool finished_;
+
+  static int n1_;
+  static int n2_;
+  static int n3_;
+};
+
+bool Predicate3Test::expected_to_finish_;
+bool Predicate3Test::finished_;
+int Predicate3Test::n1_;
+int Predicate3Test::n2_;
+int Predicate3Test::n3_;
+
+typedef Predicate3Test EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3Test;
+typedef Predicate3Test ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3Test;
+typedef Predicate3Test EXPECT_PRED3Test;
+typedef Predicate3Test ASSERT_PRED3Test;
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED3Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED3(PredFunction3Int,
+               ++n1_,
+               ++n2_,
+               ++n3_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED3Test, FunctionOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED3(PredFunction3Bool,
+               Bool(++n1_),
+               Bool(++n2_),
+               Bool(++n3_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED3Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED3(PredFunctor3(),
+               ++n1_,
+               ++n2_,
+               ++n3_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED3Test, FunctorOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED3(PredFunctor3(),
+               Bool(++n1_),
+               Bool(++n2_),
+               Bool(++n3_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED3Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED3(PredFunction3Int,
+                 n1_++,
+                 n2_++,
+                 n3_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED3Test, FunctionOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED3(PredFunction3Bool,
+                 Bool(n1_++),
+                 Bool(n2_++),
+                 Bool(n3_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED3Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED3(PredFunctor3(),
+                 n1_++,
+                 n2_++,
+                 n3_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED3Test, FunctorOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED3(PredFunctor3(),
+                 Bool(n1_++),
+                 Bool(n2_++),
+                 Bool(n3_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED3Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED3(PredFunction3Int,
+               ++n1_,
+               ++n2_,
+               ++n3_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED3Test, FunctionOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED3(PredFunction3Bool,
+               Bool(++n1_),
+               Bool(++n2_),
+               Bool(++n3_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED3Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED3(PredFunctor3(),
+               ++n1_,
+               ++n2_,
+               ++n3_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED3Test, FunctorOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED3(PredFunctor3(),
+               Bool(++n1_),
+               Bool(++n2_),
+               Bool(++n3_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED3Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED3(PredFunction3Int,
+                 n1_++,
+                 n2_++,
+                 n3_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED3Test, FunctionOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED3(PredFunction3Bool,
+                 Bool(n1_++),
+                 Bool(n2_++),
+                 Bool(n3_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED3Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED3(PredFunctor3(),
+                 n1_++,
+                 n2_++,
+                 n3_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED3Test, FunctorOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED3(PredFunctor3(),
+                 Bool(n1_++),
+                 Bool(n2_++),
+                 Bool(n3_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3(PredFormatFunction3,
+                      ++n1_,
+                      ++n2_,
+                      ++n3_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3Test, FunctionOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3(PredFormatFunction3,
+                      Bool(++n1_),
+                      Bool(++n2_),
+                      Bool(++n3_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3(PredFormatFunctor3(),
+                      ++n1_,
+                      ++n2_,
+                      ++n3_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3Test, FunctorOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3(PredFormatFunctor3(),
+                      Bool(++n1_),
+                      Bool(++n2_),
+                      Bool(++n3_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3(PredFormatFunction3,
+                        n1_++,
+                        n2_++,
+                        n3_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3Test, FunctionOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3(PredFormatFunction3,
+                        Bool(n1_++),
+                        Bool(n2_++),
+                        Bool(n3_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3(PredFormatFunctor3(),
+                        n1_++,
+                        n2_++,
+                        n3_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3Test, FunctorOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3(PredFormatFunctor3(),
+                        Bool(n1_++),
+                        Bool(n2_++),
+                        Bool(n3_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3(PredFormatFunction3,
+                      ++n1_,
+                      ++n2_,
+                      ++n3_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3Test, FunctionOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3(PredFormatFunction3,
+                      Bool(++n1_),
+                      Bool(++n2_),
+                      Bool(++n3_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3(PredFormatFunctor3(),
+                      ++n1_,
+                      ++n2_,
+                      ++n3_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3Test, FunctorOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3(PredFormatFunctor3(),
+                      Bool(++n1_),
+                      Bool(++n2_),
+                      Bool(++n3_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3(PredFormatFunction3,
+                        n1_++,
+                        n2_++,
+                        n3_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3Test, FunctionOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3(PredFormatFunction3,
+                        Bool(n1_++),
+                        Bool(n2_++),
+                        Bool(n3_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3(PredFormatFunctor3(),
+                        n1_++,
+                        n2_++,
+                        n3_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3Test, FunctorOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3(PredFormatFunctor3(),
+                        Bool(n1_++),
+                        Bool(n2_++),
+                        Bool(n3_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+// Sample functions/functors for testing 4-ary predicate assertions.
+
+// A 4-ary predicate function.
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
+bool PredFunction4(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4) {
+  return v1 + v2 + v3 + v4 > 0;
+}
+
+// The following two functions are needed to circumvent a bug in
+// gcc 2.95.3, which sometimes has problem with the above template
+// function.
+bool PredFunction4Int(int v1, int v2, int v3, int v4) {
+  return v1 + v2 + v3 + v4 > 0;
+}
+bool PredFunction4Bool(Bool v1, Bool v2, Bool v3, Bool v4) {
+  return v1 + v2 + v3 + v4 > 0;
+}
+
+// A 4-ary predicate functor.
+struct PredFunctor4 {
+  template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
+  bool operator()(const T1& v1,
+                  const T2& v2,
+                  const T3& v3,
+                  const T4& v4) {
+    return v1 + v2 + v3 + v4 > 0;
+  }
+};
+
+// A 4-ary predicate-formatter function.
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
+testing::AssertionResult PredFormatFunction4(const char* e1,
+                                             const char* e2,
+                                             const char* e3,
+                                             const char* e4,
+                                             const T1& v1,
+                                             const T2& v2,
+                                             const T3& v3,
+                                             const T4& v4) {
+  if (PredFunction4(v1, v2, v3, v4))
+    return testing::AssertionSuccess();
+
+  return testing::AssertionFailure()
+      << e1 << " + " << e2 << " + " << e3 << " + " << e4
+      << " is expected to be positive, but evaluates to "
+      << v1 + v2 + v3 + v4 << ".";
+}
+
+// A 4-ary predicate-formatter functor.
+struct PredFormatFunctor4 {
+  template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
+  testing::AssertionResult operator()(const char* e1,
+                                      const char* e2,
+                                      const char* e3,
+                                      const char* e4,
+                                      const T1& v1,
+                                      const T2& v2,
+                                      const T3& v3,
+                                      const T4& v4) const {
+    return PredFormatFunction4(e1, e2, e3, e4, v1, v2, v3, v4);
+  }
+};
+
+// Tests for {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT4.
+
+class Predicate4Test : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    expected_to_finish_ = true;
+    finished_ = false;
+    n1_ = n2_ = n3_ = n4_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    // Verifies that each of the predicate's arguments was evaluated
+    // exactly once.
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, n1_) <<
+        "The predicate assertion didn't evaluate argument 2 "
+        "exactly once.";
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, n2_) <<
+        "The predicate assertion didn't evaluate argument 3 "
+        "exactly once.";
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, n3_) <<
+        "The predicate assertion didn't evaluate argument 4 "
+        "exactly once.";
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, n4_) <<
+        "The predicate assertion didn't evaluate argument 5 "
+        "exactly once.";
+
+    // Verifies that the control flow in the test function is expected.
+    if (expected_to_finish_ && !finished_) {
+      FAIL() << "The predicate assertion unexpactedly aborted the test.";
+    } else if (!expected_to_finish_ && finished_) {
+      FAIL() << "The failed predicate assertion didn't abort the test "
+                "as expected.";
+    }
+  }
+
+  // true iff the test function is expected to run to finish.
+  static bool expected_to_finish_;
+
+  // true iff the test function did run to finish.
+  static bool finished_;
+
+  static int n1_;
+  static int n2_;
+  static int n3_;
+  static int n4_;
+};
+
+bool Predicate4Test::expected_to_finish_;
+bool Predicate4Test::finished_;
+int Predicate4Test::n1_;
+int Predicate4Test::n2_;
+int Predicate4Test::n3_;
+int Predicate4Test::n4_;
+
+typedef Predicate4Test EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4Test;
+typedef Predicate4Test ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4Test;
+typedef Predicate4Test EXPECT_PRED4Test;
+typedef Predicate4Test ASSERT_PRED4Test;
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED4Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED4(PredFunction4Int,
+               ++n1_,
+               ++n2_,
+               ++n3_,
+               ++n4_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED4Test, FunctionOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED4(PredFunction4Bool,
+               Bool(++n1_),
+               Bool(++n2_),
+               Bool(++n3_),
+               Bool(++n4_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED4Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED4(PredFunctor4(),
+               ++n1_,
+               ++n2_,
+               ++n3_,
+               ++n4_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED4Test, FunctorOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED4(PredFunctor4(),
+               Bool(++n1_),
+               Bool(++n2_),
+               Bool(++n3_),
+               Bool(++n4_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED4Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED4(PredFunction4Int,
+                 n1_++,
+                 n2_++,
+                 n3_++,
+                 n4_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED4Test, FunctionOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED4(PredFunction4Bool,
+                 Bool(n1_++),
+                 Bool(n2_++),
+                 Bool(n3_++),
+                 Bool(n4_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED4Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED4(PredFunctor4(),
+                 n1_++,
+                 n2_++,
+                 n3_++,
+                 n4_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED4Test, FunctorOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED4(PredFunctor4(),
+                 Bool(n1_++),
+                 Bool(n2_++),
+                 Bool(n3_++),
+                 Bool(n4_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED4Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED4(PredFunction4Int,
+               ++n1_,
+               ++n2_,
+               ++n3_,
+               ++n4_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED4Test, FunctionOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED4(PredFunction4Bool,
+               Bool(++n1_),
+               Bool(++n2_),
+               Bool(++n3_),
+               Bool(++n4_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED4Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED4(PredFunctor4(),
+               ++n1_,
+               ++n2_,
+               ++n3_,
+               ++n4_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED4Test, FunctorOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED4(PredFunctor4(),
+               Bool(++n1_),
+               Bool(++n2_),
+               Bool(++n3_),
+               Bool(++n4_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED4Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED4(PredFunction4Int,
+                 n1_++,
+                 n2_++,
+                 n3_++,
+                 n4_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED4Test, FunctionOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED4(PredFunction4Bool,
+                 Bool(n1_++),
+                 Bool(n2_++),
+                 Bool(n3_++),
+                 Bool(n4_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED4Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED4(PredFunctor4(),
+                 n1_++,
+                 n2_++,
+                 n3_++,
+                 n4_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED4Test, FunctorOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED4(PredFunctor4(),
+                 Bool(n1_++),
+                 Bool(n2_++),
+                 Bool(n3_++),
+                 Bool(n4_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4(PredFormatFunction4,
+                      ++n1_,
+                      ++n2_,
+                      ++n3_,
+                      ++n4_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4Test, FunctionOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4(PredFormatFunction4,
+                      Bool(++n1_),
+                      Bool(++n2_),
+                      Bool(++n3_),
+                      Bool(++n4_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4(PredFormatFunctor4(),
+                      ++n1_,
+                      ++n2_,
+                      ++n3_,
+                      ++n4_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4Test, FunctorOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4(PredFormatFunctor4(),
+                      Bool(++n1_),
+                      Bool(++n2_),
+                      Bool(++n3_),
+                      Bool(++n4_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4(PredFormatFunction4,
+                        n1_++,
+                        n2_++,
+                        n3_++,
+                        n4_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4Test, FunctionOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4(PredFormatFunction4,
+                        Bool(n1_++),
+                        Bool(n2_++),
+                        Bool(n3_++),
+                        Bool(n4_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4(PredFormatFunctor4(),
+                        n1_++,
+                        n2_++,
+                        n3_++,
+                        n4_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4Test, FunctorOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4(PredFormatFunctor4(),
+                        Bool(n1_++),
+                        Bool(n2_++),
+                        Bool(n3_++),
+                        Bool(n4_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4(PredFormatFunction4,
+                      ++n1_,
+                      ++n2_,
+                      ++n3_,
+                      ++n4_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4Test, FunctionOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4(PredFormatFunction4,
+                      Bool(++n1_),
+                      Bool(++n2_),
+                      Bool(++n3_),
+                      Bool(++n4_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4(PredFormatFunctor4(),
+                      ++n1_,
+                      ++n2_,
+                      ++n3_,
+                      ++n4_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4Test, FunctorOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4(PredFormatFunctor4(),
+                      Bool(++n1_),
+                      Bool(++n2_),
+                      Bool(++n3_),
+                      Bool(++n4_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4(PredFormatFunction4,
+                        n1_++,
+                        n2_++,
+                        n3_++,
+                        n4_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4Test, FunctionOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4(PredFormatFunction4,
+                        Bool(n1_++),
+                        Bool(n2_++),
+                        Bool(n3_++),
+                        Bool(n4_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4(PredFormatFunctor4(),
+                        n1_++,
+                        n2_++,
+                        n3_++,
+                        n4_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4Test, FunctorOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4(PredFormatFunctor4(),
+                        Bool(n1_++),
+                        Bool(n2_++),
+                        Bool(n3_++),
+                        Bool(n4_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+// Sample functions/functors for testing 5-ary predicate assertions.
+
+// A 5-ary predicate function.
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
+bool PredFunction5(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5) {
+  return v1 + v2 + v3 + v4 + v5 > 0;
+}
+
+// The following two functions are needed to circumvent a bug in
+// gcc 2.95.3, which sometimes has problem with the above template
+// function.
+bool PredFunction5Int(int v1, int v2, int v3, int v4, int v5) {
+  return v1 + v2 + v3 + v4 + v5 > 0;
+}
+bool PredFunction5Bool(Bool v1, Bool v2, Bool v3, Bool v4, Bool v5) {
+  return v1 + v2 + v3 + v4 + v5 > 0;
+}
+
+// A 5-ary predicate functor.
+struct PredFunctor5 {
+  template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
+  bool operator()(const T1& v1,
+                  const T2& v2,
+                  const T3& v3,
+                  const T4& v4,
+                  const T5& v5) {
+    return v1 + v2 + v3 + v4 + v5 > 0;
+  }
+};
+
+// A 5-ary predicate-formatter function.
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
+testing::AssertionResult PredFormatFunction5(const char* e1,
+                                             const char* e2,
+                                             const char* e3,
+                                             const char* e4,
+                                             const char* e5,
+                                             const T1& v1,
+                                             const T2& v2,
+                                             const T3& v3,
+                                             const T4& v4,
+                                             const T5& v5) {
+  if (PredFunction5(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5))
+    return testing::AssertionSuccess();
+
+  return testing::AssertionFailure()
+      << e1 << " + " << e2 << " + " << e3 << " + " << e4 << " + " << e5
+      << " is expected to be positive, but evaluates to "
+      << v1 + v2 + v3 + v4 + v5 << ".";
+}
+
+// A 5-ary predicate-formatter functor.
+struct PredFormatFunctor5 {
+  template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
+  testing::AssertionResult operator()(const char* e1,
+                                      const char* e2,
+                                      const char* e3,
+                                      const char* e4,
+                                      const char* e5,
+                                      const T1& v1,
+                                      const T2& v2,
+                                      const T3& v3,
+                                      const T4& v4,
+                                      const T5& v5) const {
+    return PredFormatFunction5(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5);
+  }
+};
+
+// Tests for {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT5.
+
+class Predicate5Test : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    expected_to_finish_ = true;
+    finished_ = false;
+    n1_ = n2_ = n3_ = n4_ = n5_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    // Verifies that each of the predicate's arguments was evaluated
+    // exactly once.
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, n1_) <<
+        "The predicate assertion didn't evaluate argument 2 "
+        "exactly once.";
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, n2_) <<
+        "The predicate assertion didn't evaluate argument 3 "
+        "exactly once.";
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, n3_) <<
+        "The predicate assertion didn't evaluate argument 4 "
+        "exactly once.";
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, n4_) <<
+        "The predicate assertion didn't evaluate argument 5 "
+        "exactly once.";
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, n5_) <<
+        "The predicate assertion didn't evaluate argument 6 "
+        "exactly once.";
+
+    // Verifies that the control flow in the test function is expected.
+    if (expected_to_finish_ && !finished_) {
+      FAIL() << "The predicate assertion unexpactedly aborted the test.";
+    } else if (!expected_to_finish_ && finished_) {
+      FAIL() << "The failed predicate assertion didn't abort the test "
+                "as expected.";
+    }
+  }
+
+  // true iff the test function is expected to run to finish.
+  static bool expected_to_finish_;
+
+  // true iff the test function did run to finish.
+  static bool finished_;
+
+  static int n1_;
+  static int n2_;
+  static int n3_;
+  static int n4_;
+  static int n5_;
+};
+
+bool Predicate5Test::expected_to_finish_;
+bool Predicate5Test::finished_;
+int Predicate5Test::n1_;
+int Predicate5Test::n2_;
+int Predicate5Test::n3_;
+int Predicate5Test::n4_;
+int Predicate5Test::n5_;
+
+typedef Predicate5Test EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5Test;
+typedef Predicate5Test ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5Test;
+typedef Predicate5Test EXPECT_PRED5Test;
+typedef Predicate5Test ASSERT_PRED5Test;
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED5Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED5(PredFunction5Int,
+               ++n1_,
+               ++n2_,
+               ++n3_,
+               ++n4_,
+               ++n5_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED5Test, FunctionOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED5(PredFunction5Bool,
+               Bool(++n1_),
+               Bool(++n2_),
+               Bool(++n3_),
+               Bool(++n4_),
+               Bool(++n5_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED5Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED5(PredFunctor5(),
+               ++n1_,
+               ++n2_,
+               ++n3_,
+               ++n4_,
+               ++n5_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED5Test, FunctorOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED5(PredFunctor5(),
+               Bool(++n1_),
+               Bool(++n2_),
+               Bool(++n3_),
+               Bool(++n4_),
+               Bool(++n5_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED5Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED5(PredFunction5Int,
+                 n1_++,
+                 n2_++,
+                 n3_++,
+                 n4_++,
+                 n5_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED5Test, FunctionOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED5(PredFunction5Bool,
+                 Bool(n1_++),
+                 Bool(n2_++),
+                 Bool(n3_++),
+                 Bool(n4_++),
+                 Bool(n5_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED5Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED5(PredFunctor5(),
+                 n1_++,
+                 n2_++,
+                 n3_++,
+                 n4_++,
+                 n5_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED5Test, FunctorOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED5(PredFunctor5(),
+                 Bool(n1_++),
+                 Bool(n2_++),
+                 Bool(n3_++),
+                 Bool(n4_++),
+                 Bool(n5_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED5Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED5(PredFunction5Int,
+               ++n1_,
+               ++n2_,
+               ++n3_,
+               ++n4_,
+               ++n5_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED5Test, FunctionOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED5(PredFunction5Bool,
+               Bool(++n1_),
+               Bool(++n2_),
+               Bool(++n3_),
+               Bool(++n4_),
+               Bool(++n5_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED5Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED5(PredFunctor5(),
+               ++n1_,
+               ++n2_,
+               ++n3_,
+               ++n4_,
+               ++n5_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED5Test, FunctorOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED5(PredFunctor5(),
+               Bool(++n1_),
+               Bool(++n2_),
+               Bool(++n3_),
+               Bool(++n4_),
+               Bool(++n5_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED5Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED5(PredFunction5Int,
+                 n1_++,
+                 n2_++,
+                 n3_++,
+                 n4_++,
+                 n5_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED5Test, FunctionOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED5(PredFunction5Bool,
+                 Bool(n1_++),
+                 Bool(n2_++),
+                 Bool(n3_++),
+                 Bool(n4_++),
+                 Bool(n5_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED5Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED5(PredFunctor5(),
+                 n1_++,
+                 n2_++,
+                 n3_++,
+                 n4_++,
+                 n5_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED5Test, FunctorOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED5(PredFunctor5(),
+                 Bool(n1_++),
+                 Bool(n2_++),
+                 Bool(n3_++),
+                 Bool(n4_++),
+                 Bool(n5_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5(PredFormatFunction5,
+                      ++n1_,
+                      ++n2_,
+                      ++n3_,
+                      ++n4_,
+                      ++n5_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5Test, FunctionOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5(PredFormatFunction5,
+                      Bool(++n1_),
+                      Bool(++n2_),
+                      Bool(++n3_),
+                      Bool(++n4_),
+                      Bool(++n5_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5(PredFormatFunctor5(),
+                      ++n1_,
+                      ++n2_,
+                      ++n3_,
+                      ++n4_,
+                      ++n5_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5Test, FunctorOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5(PredFormatFunctor5(),
+                      Bool(++n1_),
+                      Bool(++n2_),
+                      Bool(++n3_),
+                      Bool(++n4_),
+                      Bool(++n5_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5(PredFormatFunction5,
+                        n1_++,
+                        n2_++,
+                        n3_++,
+                        n4_++,
+                        n5_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5Test, FunctionOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5(PredFormatFunction5,
+                        Bool(n1_++),
+                        Bool(n2_++),
+                        Bool(n3_++),
+                        Bool(n4_++),
+                        Bool(n5_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5(PredFormatFunctor5(),
+                        n1_++,
+                        n2_++,
+                        n3_++,
+                        n4_++,
+                        n5_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5Test, FunctorOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5(PredFormatFunctor5(),
+                        Bool(n1_++),
+                        Bool(n2_++),
+                        Bool(n3_++),
+                        Bool(n4_++),
+                        Bool(n5_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5(PredFormatFunction5,
+                      ++n1_,
+                      ++n2_,
+                      ++n3_,
+                      ++n4_,
+                      ++n5_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5Test, FunctionOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5(PredFormatFunction5,
+                      Bool(++n1_),
+                      Bool(++n2_),
+                      Bool(++n3_),
+                      Bool(++n4_),
+                      Bool(++n5_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5(PredFormatFunctor5(),
+                      ++n1_,
+                      ++n2_,
+                      ++n3_,
+                      ++n4_,
+                      ++n5_);
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a successful ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5Test, FunctorOnUserTypeSuccess) {
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5(PredFormatFunctor5(),
+                      Bool(++n1_),
+                      Bool(++n2_),
+                      Bool(++n3_),
+                      Bool(++n4_),
+                      Bool(++n5_));
+  finished_ = true;
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5Test, FunctionOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5(PredFormatFunction5,
+                        n1_++,
+                        n2_++,
+                        n3_++,
+                        n4_++,
+                        n5_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a function on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5Test, FunctionOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5(PredFormatFunction5,
+                        Bool(n1_++),
+                        Bool(n2_++),
+                        Bool(n3_++),
+                        Bool(n4_++),
+                        Bool(n5_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a built-in type (int).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5Test, FunctorOnBuiltInTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5(PredFormatFunctor5(),
+                        n1_++,
+                        n2_++,
+                        n3_++,
+                        n4_++,
+                        n5_++);
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests a failed ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5 where the
+// predicate-formatter is a functor on a user-defined type (Bool).
+TEST_F(ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5Test, FunctorOnUserTypeFailure) {
+  expected_to_finish_ = false;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5(PredFormatFunctor5(),
+                        Bool(n1_++),
+                        Bool(n2_++),
+                        Bool(n3_++),
+                        Bool(n4_++),
+                        Bool(n5_++));
+    finished_ = true;
+  }, "");
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_premature_exit_test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_premature_exit_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3b4dc7d43fd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_premature_exit_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+// Copyright 2013, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+//
+// Tests that Google Test manipulates the premature-exit-detection
+// file correctly.
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+using ::testing::InitGoogleTest;
+using ::testing::Test;
+using ::testing::internal::posix::GetEnv;
+using ::testing::internal::posix::Stat;
+using ::testing::internal::posix::StatStruct;
+
+namespace {
+
+class PrematureExitTest : public Test {
+ public:
+  // Returns true iff the given file exists.
+  static bool FileExists(const char* filepath) {
+    StatStruct stat;
+    return Stat(filepath, &stat) == 0;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  PrematureExitTest() {
+    premature_exit_file_path_ = GetEnv("TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE");
+
+    // Normalize NULL to "" for ease of handling.
+    if (premature_exit_file_path_ == NULL) {
+      premature_exit_file_path_ = "";
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Returns true iff the premature-exit file exists.
+  bool PrematureExitFileExists() const {
+    return FileExists(premature_exit_file_path_);
+  }
+
+  const char* premature_exit_file_path_;
+};
+
+typedef PrematureExitTest PrematureExitDeathTest;
+
+// Tests that:
+//   - the premature-exit file exists during the execution of a
+//     death test (EXPECT_DEATH*), and
+//   - a death test doesn't interfere with the main test process's
+//     handling of the premature-exit file.
+TEST_F(PrematureExitDeathTest, FileExistsDuringExecutionOfDeathTest) {
+  if (*premature_exit_file_path_ == '\0') {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED({
+      // If the file exists, crash the process such that the main test
+      // process will catch the (expected) crash and report a success;
+      // otherwise don't crash, which will cause the main test process
+      // to report that the death test has failed.
+      if (PrematureExitFileExists()) {
+        exit(1);
+      }
+    }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests that the premature-exit file exists during the execution of a
+// normal (non-death) test.
+TEST_F(PrematureExitTest, PrematureExitFileExistsDuringTestExecution) {
+  if (*premature_exit_file_path_ == '\0') {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(PrematureExitFileExists())
+      << " file " << premature_exit_file_path_
+      << " should exist during test execution, but doesn't.";
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  const int exit_code = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+
+  // Test that the premature-exit file is deleted upon return from
+  // RUN_ALL_TESTS().
+  const char* const filepath = GetEnv("TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE");
+  if (filepath != NULL && *filepath != '\0') {
+    if (PrematureExitTest::FileExists(filepath)) {
+      printf(
+          "File %s shouldn't exist after the test program finishes, but does.",
+          filepath);
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return exit_code;
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_prod_test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_prod_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..060abce18724
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_prod_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Copyright 2006, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+//
+// Unit test for include/gtest/gtest_prod.h.
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test/production.h"
+
+// Tests that private members can be accessed from a TEST declared as
+// a friend of the class.
+TEST(PrivateCodeTest, CanAccessPrivateMembers) {
+  PrivateCode a;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, a.x_);
+
+  a.set_x(1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, a.x_);
+}
+
+typedef testing::Test PrivateCodeFixtureTest;
+
+// Tests that private members can be accessed from a TEST_F declared
+// as a friend of the class.
+TEST_F(PrivateCodeFixtureTest, CanAccessPrivateMembers) {
+  PrivateCode a;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, a.x_);
+
+  a.set_x(2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, a.x_);
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_repeat_test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_repeat_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..481012adc240
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_repeat_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+// Tests the --gtest_repeat=number flag.
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <iostream>
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
+// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
+// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
+// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
+// his code.
+#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
+#include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
+#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
+
+namespace testing {
+
+GTEST_DECLARE_string_(death_test_style);
+GTEST_DECLARE_string_(filter);
+GTEST_DECLARE_int32_(repeat);
+
+}  // namespace testing
+
+using testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style);
+using testing::GTEST_FLAG(filter);
+using testing::GTEST_FLAG(repeat);
+
+namespace {
+
+// We need this when we are testing Google Test itself and therefore
+// cannot use Google Test assertions.
+#define GTEST_CHECK_INT_EQ_(expected, actual) \
+  do {\
+    const int expected_val = (expected);\
+    const int actual_val = (actual);\
+    if (::testing::internal::IsTrue(expected_val != actual_val)) {\
+      ::std::cout << "Value of: " #actual "\n"\
+                  << "  Actual: " << actual_val << "\n"\
+                  << "Expected: " #expected "\n"\
+                  << "Which is: " << expected_val << "\n";\
+      ::testing::internal::posix::Abort();\
+    }\
+  } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
+
+
+// Used for verifying that global environment set-up and tear-down are
+// inside the gtest_repeat loop.
+
+int g_environment_set_up_count = 0;
+int g_environment_tear_down_count = 0;
+
+class MyEnvironment : public testing::Environment {
+ public:
+  MyEnvironment() {}
+  virtual void SetUp() { g_environment_set_up_count++; }
+  virtual void TearDown() { g_environment_tear_down_count++; }
+};
+
+// A test that should fail.
+
+int g_should_fail_count = 0;
+
+TEST(FooTest, ShouldFail) {
+  g_should_fail_count++;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, 1) << "Expected failure.";
+}
+
+// A test that should pass.
+
+int g_should_pass_count = 0;
+
+TEST(FooTest, ShouldPass) {
+  g_should_pass_count++;
+}
+
+// A test that contains a thread-safe death test and a fast death
+// test.  It should pass.
+
+int g_death_test_count = 0;
+
+TEST(BarDeathTest, ThreadSafeAndFast) {
+  g_death_test_count++;
+
+  GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = "threadsafe";
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(::testing::internal::posix::Abort(), "");
+
+  GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = "fast";
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(::testing::internal::posix::Abort(), "");
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+int g_param_test_count = 0;
+
+const int kNumberOfParamTests = 10;
+
+class MyParamTest : public testing::TestWithParam<int> {};
+
+TEST_P(MyParamTest, ShouldPass) {
+  // TODO(vladl@google.com): Make parameter value checking robust
+  //                         WRT order of tests.
+  GTEST_CHECK_INT_EQ_(g_param_test_count % kNumberOfParamTests, GetParam());
+  g_param_test_count++;
+}
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(MyParamSequence,
+                        MyParamTest,
+                        testing::Range(0, kNumberOfParamTests));
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+// Resets the count for each test.
+void ResetCounts() {
+  g_environment_set_up_count = 0;
+  g_environment_tear_down_count = 0;
+  g_should_fail_count = 0;
+  g_should_pass_count = 0;
+  g_death_test_count = 0;
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+  g_param_test_count = 0;
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+}
+
+// Checks that the count for each test is expected.
+void CheckCounts(int expected) {
+  GTEST_CHECK_INT_EQ_(expected, g_environment_set_up_count);
+  GTEST_CHECK_INT_EQ_(expected, g_environment_tear_down_count);
+  GTEST_CHECK_INT_EQ_(expected, g_should_fail_count);
+  GTEST_CHECK_INT_EQ_(expected, g_should_pass_count);
+  GTEST_CHECK_INT_EQ_(expected, g_death_test_count);
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+  GTEST_CHECK_INT_EQ_(expected * kNumberOfParamTests, g_param_test_count);
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+}
+
+// Tests the behavior of Google Test when --gtest_repeat is not specified.
+void TestRepeatUnspecified() {
+  ResetCounts();
+  GTEST_CHECK_INT_EQ_(1, RUN_ALL_TESTS());
+  CheckCounts(1);
+}
+
+// Tests the behavior of Google Test when --gtest_repeat has the given value.
+void TestRepeat(int repeat) {
+  GTEST_FLAG(repeat) = repeat;
+
+  ResetCounts();
+  GTEST_CHECK_INT_EQ_(repeat > 0 ? 1 : 0, RUN_ALL_TESTS());
+  CheckCounts(repeat);
+}
+
+// Tests using --gtest_repeat when --gtest_filter specifies an empty
+// set of tests.
+void TestRepeatWithEmptyFilter(int repeat) {
+  GTEST_FLAG(repeat) = repeat;
+  GTEST_FLAG(filter) = "None";
+
+  ResetCounts();
+  GTEST_CHECK_INT_EQ_(0, RUN_ALL_TESTS());
+  CheckCounts(0);
+}
+
+// Tests using --gtest_repeat when --gtest_filter specifies a set of
+// successful tests.
+void TestRepeatWithFilterForSuccessfulTests(int repeat) {
+  GTEST_FLAG(repeat) = repeat;
+  GTEST_FLAG(filter) = "*-*ShouldFail";
+
+  ResetCounts();
+  GTEST_CHECK_INT_EQ_(0, RUN_ALL_TESTS());
+  GTEST_CHECK_INT_EQ_(repeat, g_environment_set_up_count);
+  GTEST_CHECK_INT_EQ_(repeat, g_environment_tear_down_count);
+  GTEST_CHECK_INT_EQ_(0, g_should_fail_count);
+  GTEST_CHECK_INT_EQ_(repeat, g_should_pass_count);
+  GTEST_CHECK_INT_EQ_(repeat, g_death_test_count);
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+  GTEST_CHECK_INT_EQ_(repeat * kNumberOfParamTests, g_param_test_count);
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+}
+
+// Tests using --gtest_repeat when --gtest_filter specifies a set of
+// failed tests.
+void TestRepeatWithFilterForFailedTests(int repeat) {
+  GTEST_FLAG(repeat) = repeat;
+  GTEST_FLAG(filter) = "*ShouldFail";
+
+  ResetCounts();
+  GTEST_CHECK_INT_EQ_(1, RUN_ALL_TESTS());
+  GTEST_CHECK_INT_EQ_(repeat, g_environment_set_up_count);
+  GTEST_CHECK_INT_EQ_(repeat, g_environment_tear_down_count);
+  GTEST_CHECK_INT_EQ_(repeat, g_should_fail_count);
+  GTEST_CHECK_INT_EQ_(0, g_should_pass_count);
+  GTEST_CHECK_INT_EQ_(0, g_death_test_count);
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+  GTEST_CHECK_INT_EQ_(0, g_param_test_count);
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new MyEnvironment);
+
+  TestRepeatUnspecified();
+  TestRepeat(0);
+  TestRepeat(1);
+  TestRepeat(5);
+
+  TestRepeatWithEmptyFilter(2);
+  TestRepeatWithEmptyFilter(3);
+
+  TestRepeatWithFilterForSuccessfulTests(3);
+
+  TestRepeatWithFilterForFailedTests(4);
+
+  // It would be nice to verify that the tests indeed loop forever
+  // when GTEST_FLAG(repeat) is negative, but this test will be quite
+  // complicated to write.  Since this flag is for interactive
+  // debugging only and doesn't affect the normal test result, such a
+  // test would be an overkill.
+
+  printf("PASS\n");
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_shuffle_test.py b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_shuffle_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..30d0303d1935
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_shuffle_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright 2009 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Verifies that test shuffling works."""
+
+__author__ = 'wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)'
+
+import os
+import gtest_test_utils
+
+# Command to run the gtest_shuffle_test_ program.
+COMMAND = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath('gtest_shuffle_test_')
+
+# The environment variables for test sharding.
+TOTAL_SHARDS_ENV_VAR = 'GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS'
+SHARD_INDEX_ENV_VAR = 'GTEST_SHARD_INDEX'
+
+TEST_FILTER = 'A*.A:A*.B:C*'
+
+ALL_TESTS = []
+ACTIVE_TESTS = []
+FILTERED_TESTS = []
+SHARDED_TESTS = []
+
+SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS = []
+SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS = []
+SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS = []
+SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS = []
+
+
+def AlsoRunDisabledTestsFlag():
+  return '--gtest_also_run_disabled_tests'
+
+
+def FilterFlag(test_filter):
+  return '--gtest_filter=%s' % (test_filter,)
+
+
+def RepeatFlag(n):
+  return '--gtest_repeat=%s' % (n,)
+
+
+def ShuffleFlag():
+  return '--gtest_shuffle'
+
+
+def RandomSeedFlag(n):
+  return '--gtest_random_seed=%s' % (n,)
+
+
+def RunAndReturnOutput(extra_env, args):
+  """Runs the test program and returns its output."""
+
+  environ_copy = os.environ.copy()
+  environ_copy.update(extra_env)
+
+  return gtest_test_utils.Subprocess([COMMAND] + args, env=environ_copy).output
+
+
+def GetTestsForAllIterations(extra_env, args):
+  """Runs the test program and returns a list of test lists.
+
+  Args:
+    extra_env: a map from environment variables to their values
+    args: command line flags to pass to gtest_shuffle_test_
+
+  Returns:
+    A list where the i-th element is the list of tests run in the i-th
+    test iteration.
+  """
+
+  test_iterations = []
+  for line in RunAndReturnOutput(extra_env, args).split('\n'):
+    if line.startswith('----'):
+      tests = []
+      test_iterations.append(tests)
+    elif line.strip():
+      tests.append(line.strip())  # 'TestCaseName.TestName'
+
+  return test_iterations
+
+
+def GetTestCases(tests):
+  """Returns a list of test cases in the given full test names.
+
+  Args:
+    tests: a list of full test names
+
+  Returns:
+    A list of test cases from 'tests', in their original order.
+    Consecutive duplicates are removed.
+  """
+
+  test_cases = []
+  for test in tests:
+    test_case = test.split('.')[0]
+    if not test_case in test_cases:
+      test_cases.append(test_case)
+
+  return test_cases
+
+
+def CalculateTestLists():
+  """Calculates the list of tests run under different flags."""
+
+  if not ALL_TESTS:
+    ALL_TESTS.extend(
+        GetTestsForAllIterations({}, [AlsoRunDisabledTestsFlag()])[0])
+
+  if not ACTIVE_TESTS:
+    ACTIVE_TESTS.extend(GetTestsForAllIterations({}, [])[0])
+
+  if not FILTERED_TESTS:
+    FILTERED_TESTS.extend(
+        GetTestsForAllIterations({}, [FilterFlag(TEST_FILTER)])[0])
+
+  if not SHARDED_TESTS:
+    SHARDED_TESTS.extend(
+        GetTestsForAllIterations({TOTAL_SHARDS_ENV_VAR: '3',
+                                  SHARD_INDEX_ENV_VAR: '1'},
+                                 [])[0])
+
+  if not SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS:
+    SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS.extend(GetTestsForAllIterations(
+        {}, [AlsoRunDisabledTestsFlag(), ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(1)])[0])
+
+  if not SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS:
+    SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS.extend(GetTestsForAllIterations(
+        {}, [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(1)])[0])
+
+  if not SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS:
+    SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS.extend(GetTestsForAllIterations(
+        {}, [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(1), FilterFlag(TEST_FILTER)])[0])
+
+  if not SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS:
+    SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS.extend(
+        GetTestsForAllIterations({TOTAL_SHARDS_ENV_VAR: '3',
+                                  SHARD_INDEX_ENV_VAR: '1'},
+                                 [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(1)])[0])
+
+
+class GTestShuffleUnitTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
+  """Tests test shuffling."""
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    CalculateTestLists()
+
+  def testShufflePreservesNumberOfTests(self):
+    self.assertEqual(len(ALL_TESTS), len(SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS))
+    self.assertEqual(len(ACTIVE_TESTS), len(SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS))
+    self.assertEqual(len(FILTERED_TESTS), len(SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS))
+    self.assertEqual(len(SHARDED_TESTS), len(SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS))
+
+  def testShuffleChangesTestOrder(self):
+    self.assert_(SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS != ALL_TESTS, SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS)
+    self.assert_(SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS != ACTIVE_TESTS, SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS)
+    self.assert_(SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS != FILTERED_TESTS,
+                 SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS)
+    self.assert_(SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS != SHARDED_TESTS,
+                 SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS)
+
+  def testShuffleChangesTestCaseOrder(self):
+    self.assert_(GetTestCases(SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS) != GetTestCases(ALL_TESTS),
+                 GetTestCases(SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS))
+    self.assert_(
+        GetTestCases(SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS) != GetTestCases(ACTIVE_TESTS),
+        GetTestCases(SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS))
+    self.assert_(
+        GetTestCases(SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS) != GetTestCases(FILTERED_TESTS),
+        GetTestCases(SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS))
+    self.assert_(
+        GetTestCases(SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS) != GetTestCases(SHARDED_TESTS),
+        GetTestCases(SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS))
+
+  def testShuffleDoesNotRepeatTest(self):
+    for test in SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS:
+      self.assertEqual(1, SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS.count(test),
+                       '%s appears more than once' % (test,))
+    for test in SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS:
+      self.assertEqual(1, SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS.count(test),
+                       '%s appears more than once' % (test,))
+    for test in SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS:
+      self.assertEqual(1, SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS.count(test),
+                       '%s appears more than once' % (test,))
+    for test in SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS:
+      self.assertEqual(1, SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS.count(test),
+                       '%s appears more than once' % (test,))
+
+  def testShuffleDoesNotCreateNewTest(self):
+    for test in SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS:
+      self.assert_(test in ALL_TESTS, '%s is an invalid test' % (test,))
+    for test in SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS:
+      self.assert_(test in ACTIVE_TESTS, '%s is an invalid test' % (test,))
+    for test in SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS:
+      self.assert_(test in FILTERED_TESTS, '%s is an invalid test' % (test,))
+    for test in SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS:
+      self.assert_(test in SHARDED_TESTS, '%s is an invalid test' % (test,))
+
+  def testShuffleIncludesAllTests(self):
+    for test in ALL_TESTS:
+      self.assert_(test in SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS, '%s is missing' % (test,))
+    for test in ACTIVE_TESTS:
+      self.assert_(test in SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS, '%s is missing' % (test,))
+    for test in FILTERED_TESTS:
+      self.assert_(test in SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS, '%s is missing' % (test,))
+    for test in SHARDED_TESTS:
+      self.assert_(test in SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS, '%s is missing' % (test,))
+
+  def testShuffleLeavesDeathTestsAtFront(self):
+    non_death_test_found = False
+    for test in SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS:
+      if 'DeathTest.' in test:
+        self.assert_(not non_death_test_found,
+                     '%s appears after a non-death test' % (test,))
+      else:
+        non_death_test_found = True
+
+  def _VerifyTestCasesDoNotInterleave(self, tests):
+    test_cases = []
+    for test in tests:
+      [test_case, _] = test.split('.')
+      if test_cases and test_cases[-1] != test_case:
+        test_cases.append(test_case)
+        self.assertEqual(1, test_cases.count(test_case),
+                         'Test case %s is not grouped together in %s' %
+                         (test_case, tests))
+
+  def testShuffleDoesNotInterleaveTestCases(self):
+    self._VerifyTestCasesDoNotInterleave(SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS)
+    self._VerifyTestCasesDoNotInterleave(SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS)
+    self._VerifyTestCasesDoNotInterleave(SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS)
+    self._VerifyTestCasesDoNotInterleave(SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS)
+
+  def testShuffleRestoresOrderAfterEachIteration(self):
+    # Get the test lists in all 3 iterations, using random seed 1, 2,
+    # and 3 respectively.  Google Test picks a different seed in each
+    # iteration, and this test depends on the current implementation
+    # picking successive numbers.  This dependency is not ideal, but
+    # makes the test much easier to write.
+    [tests_in_iteration1, tests_in_iteration2, tests_in_iteration3] = (
+        GetTestsForAllIterations(
+            {}, [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(1), RepeatFlag(3)]))
+
+    # Make sure running the tests with random seed 1 gets the same
+    # order as in iteration 1 above.
+    [tests_with_seed1] = GetTestsForAllIterations(
+        {}, [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(1)])
+    self.assertEqual(tests_in_iteration1, tests_with_seed1)
+
+    # Make sure running the tests with random seed 2 gets the same
+    # order as in iteration 2 above.  Success means that Google Test
+    # correctly restores the test order before re-shuffling at the
+    # beginning of iteration 2.
+    [tests_with_seed2] = GetTestsForAllIterations(
+        {}, [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(2)])
+    self.assertEqual(tests_in_iteration2, tests_with_seed2)
+
+    # Make sure running the tests with random seed 3 gets the same
+    # order as in iteration 3 above.  Success means that Google Test
+    # correctly restores the test order before re-shuffling at the
+    # beginning of iteration 3.
+    [tests_with_seed3] = GetTestsForAllIterations(
+        {}, [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(3)])
+    self.assertEqual(tests_in_iteration3, tests_with_seed3)
+
+  def testShuffleGeneratesNewOrderInEachIteration(self):
+    [tests_in_iteration1, tests_in_iteration2, tests_in_iteration3] = (
+        GetTestsForAllIterations(
+            {}, [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(1), RepeatFlag(3)]))
+
+    self.assert_(tests_in_iteration1 != tests_in_iteration2,
+                 tests_in_iteration1)
+    self.assert_(tests_in_iteration1 != tests_in_iteration3,
+                 tests_in_iteration1)
+    self.assert_(tests_in_iteration2 != tests_in_iteration3,
+                 tests_in_iteration2)
+
+  def testShuffleShardedTestsPreservesPartition(self):
+    # If we run M tests on N shards, the same M tests should be run in
+    # total, regardless of the random seeds used by the shards.
+    [tests1] = GetTestsForAllIterations({TOTAL_SHARDS_ENV_VAR: '3',
+                                         SHARD_INDEX_ENV_VAR: '0'},
+                                        [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(1)])
+    [tests2] = GetTestsForAllIterations({TOTAL_SHARDS_ENV_VAR: '3',
+                                         SHARD_INDEX_ENV_VAR: '1'},
+                                        [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(20)])
+    [tests3] = GetTestsForAllIterations({TOTAL_SHARDS_ENV_VAR: '3',
+                                         SHARD_INDEX_ENV_VAR: '2'},
+                                        [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(25)])
+    sorted_sharded_tests = tests1 + tests2 + tests3
+    sorted_sharded_tests.sort()
+    sorted_active_tests = []
+    sorted_active_tests.extend(ACTIVE_TESTS)
+    sorted_active_tests.sort()
+    self.assertEqual(sorted_active_tests, sorted_sharded_tests)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  gtest_test_utils.Main()
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_shuffle_test_.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_shuffle_test_.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6fb441bd4d46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_shuffle_test_.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+// Copyright 2009, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+// Verifies that test shuffling works.
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace {
+
+using ::testing::EmptyTestEventListener;
+using ::testing::InitGoogleTest;
+using ::testing::Message;
+using ::testing::Test;
+using ::testing::TestEventListeners;
+using ::testing::TestInfo;
+using ::testing::UnitTest;
+using ::testing::internal::scoped_ptr;
+
+// The test methods are empty, as the sole purpose of this program is
+// to print the test names before/after shuffling.
+
+class A : public Test {};
+TEST_F(A, A) {}
+TEST_F(A, B) {}
+
+TEST(ADeathTest, A) {}
+TEST(ADeathTest, B) {}
+TEST(ADeathTest, C) {}
+
+TEST(B, A) {}
+TEST(B, B) {}
+TEST(B, C) {}
+TEST(B, DISABLED_D) {}
+TEST(B, DISABLED_E) {}
+
+TEST(BDeathTest, A) {}
+TEST(BDeathTest, B) {}
+
+TEST(C, A) {}
+TEST(C, B) {}
+TEST(C, C) {}
+TEST(C, DISABLED_D) {}
+
+TEST(CDeathTest, A) {}
+
+TEST(DISABLED_D, A) {}
+TEST(DISABLED_D, DISABLED_B) {}
+
+// This printer prints the full test names only, starting each test
+// iteration with a "----" marker.
+class TestNamePrinter : public EmptyTestEventListener {
+ public:
+  virtual void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& /* unit_test */,
+                                    int /* iteration */) {
+    printf("----\n");
+  }
+
+  virtual void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info) {
+    printf("%s.%s\n", test_info.test_case_name(), test_info.name());
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+  // Replaces the default printer with TestNamePrinter, which prints
+  // the test name only.
+  TestEventListeners& listeners = UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners();
+  delete listeners.Release(listeners.default_result_printer());
+  listeners.Append(new TestNamePrinter);
+
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_sole_header_test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_sole_header_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ccd091a281d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_sole_header_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: mheule@google.com (Markus Heule)
+//
+// This test verifies that it's possible to use Google Test by including
+// the gtest.h header file alone.
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace {
+
+void Subroutine() {
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, 42);
+}
+
+TEST(NoFatalFailureTest, ExpectNoFatalFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(;);
+  EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SUCCEED());
+  EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Subroutine());
+  EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE({ SUCCEED(); });
+}
+
+TEST(NoFatalFailureTest, AssertNoFatalFailure) {
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(;);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SUCCEED());
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Subroutine());
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE({ SUCCEED(); });
+}
+
+}  // namespace
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_stress_test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_stress_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e7daa430dfbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_stress_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+// Tests that SCOPED_TRACE() and various Google Test assertions can be
+// used in a large number of threads concurrently.
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <vector>
+
+// We must define this macro in order to #include
+// gtest-internal-inl.h.  This is how Google Test prevents a user from
+// accidentally depending on its internal implementation.
+#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
+#include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
+#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
+
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+
+namespace testing {
+namespace {
+
+using internal::Notification;
+using internal::TestPropertyKeyIs;
+using internal::ThreadWithParam;
+using internal::scoped_ptr;
+
+// In order to run tests in this file, for platforms where Google Test is
+// thread safe, implement ThreadWithParam. See the description of its API
+// in gtest-port.h, where it is defined for already supported platforms.
+
+// How many threads to create?
+const int kThreadCount = 50;
+
+std::string IdToKey(int id, const char* suffix) {
+  Message key;
+  key << "key_" << id << "_" << suffix;
+  return key.GetString();
+}
+
+std::string IdToString(int id) {
+  Message id_message;
+  id_message << id;
+  return id_message.GetString();
+}
+
+void ExpectKeyAndValueWereRecordedForId(
+    const std::vector<TestProperty>& properties,
+    int id, const char* suffix) {
+  TestPropertyKeyIs matches_key(IdToKey(id, suffix).c_str());
+  const std::vector<TestProperty>::const_iterator property =
+      std::find_if(properties.begin(), properties.end(), matches_key);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(property != properties.end())
+      << "expecting " << suffix << " value for id " << id;
+  EXPECT_STREQ(IdToString(id).c_str(), property->value());
+}
+
+// Calls a large number of Google Test assertions, where exactly one of them
+// will fail.
+void ManyAsserts(int id) {
+  GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "Thread #" << id << " running...";
+
+  SCOPED_TRACE(Message() << "Thread #" << id);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < kThreadCount; i++) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE(Message() << "Iteration #" << i);
+
+    // A bunch of assertions that should succeed.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(true);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(false) << "This shouldn't fail.";
+    EXPECT_STREQ("a", "a");
+    ASSERT_LE(5, 6);
+    EXPECT_EQ(i, i) << "This shouldn't fail.";
+
+    // RecordProperty() should interact safely with other threads as well.
+    // The shared_key forces property updates.
+    Test::RecordProperty(IdToKey(id, "string").c_str(), IdToString(id).c_str());
+    Test::RecordProperty(IdToKey(id, "int").c_str(), id);
+    Test::RecordProperty("shared_key", IdToString(id).c_str());
+
+    // This assertion should fail kThreadCount times per thread.  It
+    // is for testing whether Google Test can handle failed assertions in a
+    // multi-threaded context.
+    EXPECT_LT(i, 0) << "This should always fail.";
+  }
+}
+
+void CheckTestFailureCount(int expected_failures) {
+  const TestInfo* const info = UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+  const TestResult* const result = info->result();
+  GTEST_CHECK_(expected_failures == result->total_part_count())
+      << "Logged " << result->total_part_count() << " failures "
+      << " vs. " << expected_failures << " expected";
+}
+
+// Tests using SCOPED_TRACE() and Google Test assertions in many threads
+// concurrently.
+TEST(StressTest, CanUseScopedTraceAndAssertionsInManyThreads) {
+  {
+    scoped_ptr<ThreadWithParam<int> > threads[kThreadCount];
+    Notification threads_can_start;
+    for (int i = 0; i != kThreadCount; i++)
+      threads[i].reset(new ThreadWithParam<int>(&ManyAsserts,
+                                                i,
+                                                &threads_can_start));
+
+    threads_can_start.Notify();
+
+    // Blocks until all the threads are done.
+    for (int i = 0; i != kThreadCount; i++)
+      threads[i]->Join();
+  }
+
+  // Ensures that kThreadCount*kThreadCount failures have been reported.
+  const TestInfo* const info = UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+  const TestResult* const result = info->result();
+
+  std::vector<TestProperty> properties;
+  // We have no access to the TestResult's list of properties but we can
+  // copy them one by one.
+  for (int i = 0; i < result->test_property_count(); ++i)
+    properties.push_back(result->GetTestProperty(i));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(kThreadCount * 2 + 1, result->test_property_count())
+      << "String and int values recorded on each thread, "
+      << "as well as one shared_key";
+  for (int i = 0; i < kThreadCount; ++i) {
+    ExpectKeyAndValueWereRecordedForId(properties, i, "string");
+    ExpectKeyAndValueWereRecordedForId(properties, i, "int");
+  }
+  CheckTestFailureCount(kThreadCount*kThreadCount);
+}
+
+void FailingThread(bool is_fatal) {
+  if (is_fatal)
+    FAIL() << "Fatal failure in some other thread. "
+           << "(This failure is expected.)";
+  else
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "Non-fatal failure in some other thread. "
+                  << "(This failure is expected.)";
+}
+
+void GenerateFatalFailureInAnotherThread(bool is_fatal) {
+  ThreadWithParam<bool> thread(&FailingThread, is_fatal, NULL);
+  thread.Join();
+}
+
+TEST(NoFatalFailureTest, ExpectNoFatalFailureIgnoresFailuresInOtherThreads) {
+  EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(GenerateFatalFailureInAnotherThread(true));
+  // We should only have one failure (the one from
+  // GenerateFatalFailureInAnotherThread()), since the EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE
+  // should succeed.
+  CheckTestFailureCount(1);
+}
+
+void AssertNoFatalFailureIgnoresFailuresInOtherThreads() {
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(GenerateFatalFailureInAnotherThread(true));
+}
+TEST(NoFatalFailureTest, AssertNoFatalFailureIgnoresFailuresInOtherThreads) {
+  // Using a subroutine, to make sure, that the test continues.
+  AssertNoFatalFailureIgnoresFailuresInOtherThreads();
+  // We should only have one failure (the one from
+  // GenerateFatalFailureInAnotherThread()), since the EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE
+  // should succeed.
+  CheckTestFailureCount(1);
+}
+
+TEST(FatalFailureTest, ExpectFatalFailureIgnoresFailuresInOtherThreads) {
+  // This statement should fail, since the current thread doesn't generate a
+  // fatal failure, only another one does.
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(GenerateFatalFailureInAnotherThread(true), "expected");
+  CheckTestFailureCount(2);
+}
+
+TEST(FatalFailureOnAllThreadsTest, ExpectFatalFailureOnAllThreads) {
+  // This statement should succeed, because failures in all threads are
+  // considered.
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(
+      GenerateFatalFailureInAnotherThread(true), "expected");
+  CheckTestFailureCount(0);
+  // We need to add a failure, because main() checks that there are failures.
+  // But when only this test is run, we shouldn't have any failures.
+  ADD_FAILURE() << "This is an expected non-fatal failure.";
+}
+
+TEST(NonFatalFailureTest, ExpectNonFatalFailureIgnoresFailuresInOtherThreads) {
+  // This statement should fail, since the current thread doesn't generate a
+  // fatal failure, only another one does.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(GenerateFatalFailureInAnotherThread(false),
+                          "expected");
+  CheckTestFailureCount(2);
+}
+
+TEST(NonFatalFailureOnAllThreadsTest, ExpectNonFatalFailureOnAllThreads) {
+  // This statement should succeed, because failures in all threads are
+  // considered.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(
+      GenerateFatalFailureInAnotherThread(false), "expected");
+  CheckTestFailureCount(0);
+  // We need to add a failure, because main() checks that there are failures,
+  // But when only this test is run, we shouldn't have any failures.
+  ADD_FAILURE() << "This is an expected non-fatal failure.";
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace testing
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+  const int result = RUN_ALL_TESTS();  // Expected to fail.
+  GTEST_CHECK_(result == 1) << "RUN_ALL_TESTS() did not fail as expected";
+
+  printf("\nPASS\n");
+  return 0;
+}
+
+#else
+TEST(StressTest,
+     DISABLED_ThreadSafetyTestsAreSkippedWhenGoogleTestIsNotThreadSafe) {
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_test_utils.py b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_test_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4acd36c975c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_test_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright 2006, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Unit test utilities for Google C++ Testing Framework."""
+
+__author__ = 'wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)'
+
+import atexit
+import os
+import shutil
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import unittest
+_test_module = unittest
+
+# Suppresses the 'Import not at the top of the file' lint complaint.
+# pylint: disable-msg=C6204
+try:
+  import subprocess
+  _SUBPROCESS_MODULE_AVAILABLE = True
+except:
+  import popen2
+  _SUBPROCESS_MODULE_AVAILABLE = False
+# pylint: enable-msg=C6204
+
+GTEST_OUTPUT_VAR_NAME = 'GTEST_OUTPUT'
+
+IS_WINDOWS = os.name == 'nt'
+IS_CYGWIN = os.name == 'posix' and 'CYGWIN' in os.uname()[0]
+
+# The environment variable for specifying the path to the premature-exit file.
+PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE_ENV_VAR = 'TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE'
+
+environ = os.environ.copy()
+
+
+def SetEnvVar(env_var, value):
+  """Sets/unsets an environment variable to a given value."""
+
+  if value is not None:
+    environ[env_var] = value
+  elif env_var in environ:
+    del environ[env_var]
+
+
+# Here we expose a class from a particular module, depending on the
+# environment. The comment suppresses the 'Invalid variable name' lint
+# complaint.
+TestCase = _test_module.TestCase  # pylint: disable-msg=C6409
+
+# Initially maps a flag to its default value. After
+# _ParseAndStripGTestFlags() is called, maps a flag to its actual value.
+_flag_map = {'source_dir': os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0]),
+             'build_dir': os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0])}
+_gtest_flags_are_parsed = False
+
+
+def _ParseAndStripGTestFlags(argv):
+  """Parses and strips Google Test flags from argv.  This is idempotent."""
+
+  # Suppresses the lint complaint about a global variable since we need it
+  # here to maintain module-wide state.
+  global _gtest_flags_are_parsed  # pylint: disable-msg=W0603
+  if _gtest_flags_are_parsed:
+    return
+
+  _gtest_flags_are_parsed = True
+  for flag in _flag_map:
+    # The environment variable overrides the default value.
+    if flag.upper() in os.environ:
+      _flag_map[flag] = os.environ[flag.upper()]
+
+    # The command line flag overrides the environment variable.
+    i = 1  # Skips the program name.
+    while i < len(argv):
+      prefix = '--' + flag + '='
+      if argv[i].startswith(prefix):
+        _flag_map[flag] = argv[i][len(prefix):]
+        del argv[i]
+        break
+      else:
+        # We don't increment i in case we just found a --gtest_* flag
+        # and removed it from argv.
+        i += 1
+
+
+def GetFlag(flag):
+  """Returns the value of the given flag."""
+
+  # In case GetFlag() is called before Main(), we always call
+  # _ParseAndStripGTestFlags() here to make sure the --gtest_* flags
+  # are parsed.
+  _ParseAndStripGTestFlags(sys.argv)
+
+  return _flag_map[flag]
+
+
+def GetSourceDir():
+  """Returns the absolute path of the directory where the .py files are."""
+
+  return os.path.abspath(GetFlag('source_dir'))
+
+
+def GetBuildDir():
+  """Returns the absolute path of the directory where the test binaries are."""
+
+  return os.path.abspath(GetFlag('build_dir'))
+
+
+_temp_dir = None
+
+def _RemoveTempDir():
+  if _temp_dir:
+    shutil.rmtree(_temp_dir, ignore_errors=True)
+
+atexit.register(_RemoveTempDir)
+
+
+def GetTempDir():
+  """Returns a directory for temporary files."""
+
+  global _temp_dir
+  if not _temp_dir:
+    _temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+  return _temp_dir
+
+
+def GetTestExecutablePath(executable_name, build_dir=None):
+  """Returns the absolute path of the test binary given its name.
+
+  The function will print a message and abort the program if the resulting file
+  doesn't exist.
+
+  Args:
+    executable_name: name of the test binary that the test script runs.
+    build_dir:       directory where to look for executables, by default
+                     the result of GetBuildDir().
+
+  Returns:
+    The absolute path of the test binary.
+  """
+
+  path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(build_dir or GetBuildDir(),
+                                      executable_name))
+  if (IS_WINDOWS or IS_CYGWIN) and not path.endswith('.exe'):
+    path += '.exe'
+
+  if not os.path.exists(path):
+    message = (
+        'Unable to find the test binary "%s". Please make sure to provide\n'
+        'a path to the binary via the --build_dir flag or the BUILD_DIR\n'
+        'environment variable.' % path)
+    sys.stdout.write(message)
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+  return path
+
+
+def GetExitStatus(exit_code):
+  """Returns the argument to exit(), or -1 if exit() wasn't called.
+
+  Args:
+    exit_code: the result value of os.system(command).
+  """
+
+  if os.name == 'nt':
+    # On Windows, os.WEXITSTATUS() doesn't work and os.system() returns
+    # the argument to exit() directly.
+    return exit_code
+  else:
+    # On Unix, os.WEXITSTATUS() must be used to extract the exit status
+    # from the result of os.system().
+    if os.WIFEXITED(exit_code):
+      return os.WEXITSTATUS(exit_code)
+    else:
+      return -1
+
+
+class Subprocess:
+  def __init__(self, command, working_dir=None, capture_stderr=True, env=None):
+    """Changes into a specified directory, if provided, and executes a command.
+
+    Restores the old directory afterwards.
+
+    Args:
+      command:        The command to run, in the form of sys.argv.
+      working_dir:    The directory to change into.
+      capture_stderr: Determines whether to capture stderr in the output member
+                      or to discard it.
+      env:            Dictionary with environment to pass to the subprocess.
+
+    Returns:
+      An object that represents outcome of the executed process. It has the
+      following attributes:
+        terminated_by_signal   True iff the child process has been terminated
+                               by a signal.
+        signal                 Sygnal that terminated the child process.
+        exited                 True iff the child process exited normally.
+        exit_code              The code with which the child process exited.
+        output                 Child process's stdout and stderr output
+                               combined in a string.
+    """
+
+    # The subprocess module is the preferrable way of running programs
+    # since it is available and behaves consistently on all platforms,
+    # including Windows. But it is only available starting in python 2.4.
+    # In earlier python versions, we revert to the popen2 module, which is
+    # available in python 2.0 and later but doesn't provide required
+    # functionality (Popen4) under Windows. This allows us to support Mac
+    # OS X 10.4 Tiger, which has python 2.3 installed.
+    if _SUBPROCESS_MODULE_AVAILABLE:
+      if capture_stderr:
+        stderr = subprocess.STDOUT
+      else:
+        stderr = subprocess.PIPE
+
+      p = subprocess.Popen(command,
+                           stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=stderr,
+                           cwd=working_dir, universal_newlines=True, env=env)
+      # communicate returns a tuple with the file obect for the child's
+      # output.
+      self.output = p.communicate()[0]
+      self._return_code = p.returncode
+    else:
+      old_dir = os.getcwd()
+
+      def _ReplaceEnvDict(dest, src):
+        # Changes made by os.environ.clear are not inheritable by child
+        # processes until Python 2.6. To produce inheritable changes we have
+        # to delete environment items with the del statement.
+        for key in dest.keys():
+          del dest[key]
+        dest.update(src)
+
+      # When 'env' is not None, backup the environment variables and replace
+      # them with the passed 'env'. When 'env' is None, we simply use the
+      # current 'os.environ' for compatibility with the subprocess.Popen
+      # semantics used above.
+      if env is not None:
+        old_environ = os.environ.copy()
+        _ReplaceEnvDict(os.environ, env)
+
+      try:
+        if working_dir is not None:
+          os.chdir(working_dir)
+        if capture_stderr:
+          p = popen2.Popen4(command)
+        else:
+          p = popen2.Popen3(command)
+        p.tochild.close()
+        self.output = p.fromchild.read()
+        ret_code = p.wait()
+      finally:
+        os.chdir(old_dir)
+
+        # Restore the old environment variables
+        # if they were replaced.
+        if env is not None:
+          _ReplaceEnvDict(os.environ, old_environ)
+
+      # Converts ret_code to match the semantics of
+      # subprocess.Popen.returncode.
+      if os.WIFSIGNALED(ret_code):
+        self._return_code = -os.WTERMSIG(ret_code)
+      else:  # os.WIFEXITED(ret_code) should return True here.
+        self._return_code = os.WEXITSTATUS(ret_code)
+
+    if self._return_code < 0:
+      self.terminated_by_signal = True
+      self.exited = False
+      self.signal = -self._return_code
+    else:
+      self.terminated_by_signal = False
+      self.exited = True
+      self.exit_code = self._return_code
+
+
+def Main():
+  """Runs the unit test."""
+
+  # We must call _ParseAndStripGTestFlags() before calling
+  # unittest.main().  Otherwise the latter will be confused by the
+  # --gtest_* flags.
+  _ParseAndStripGTestFlags(sys.argv)
+  # The tested binaries should not be writing XML output files unless the
+  # script explicitly instructs them to.
+  # TODO(vladl@google.com): Move this into Subprocess when we implement
+  # passing environment into it as a parameter.
+  if GTEST_OUTPUT_VAR_NAME in os.environ:
+    del os.environ[GTEST_OUTPUT_VAR_NAME]
+
+  _test_module.main()
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_throw_on_failure_ex_test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_throw_on_failure_ex_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8d46c76f1612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_throw_on_failure_ex_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+// Copyright 2009, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+// Tests Google Test's throw-on-failure mode with exceptions enabled.
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+// Prints the given failure message and exits the program with
+// non-zero.  We use this instead of a Google Test assertion to
+// indicate a failure, as the latter is been tested and cannot be
+// relied on.
+void Fail(const char* msg) {
+  printf("FAILURE: %s\n", msg);
+  fflush(stdout);
+  exit(1);
+}
+
+// Tests that an assertion failure throws a subclass of
+// std::runtime_error.
+void TestFailureThrowsRuntimeError() {
+  testing::GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = true;
+
+  // A successful assertion shouldn't throw.
+  try {
+    EXPECT_EQ(3, 3);
+  } catch(...) {
+    Fail("A successful assertion wrongfully threw.");
+  }
+
+  // A failed assertion should throw a subclass of std::runtime_error.
+  try {
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, 3) << "Expected failure";
+  } catch(const std::runtime_error& e) {
+    if (strstr(e.what(), "Expected failure") != NULL)
+      return;
+
+    printf("%s",
+           "A failed assertion did throw an exception of the right type, "
+           "but the message is incorrect.  Instead of containing \"Expected "
+           "failure\", it is:\n");
+    Fail(e.what());
+  } catch(...) {
+    Fail("A failed assertion threw the wrong type of exception.");
+  }
+  Fail("A failed assertion should've thrown but didn't.");
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+  // We want to ensure that people can use Google Test assertions in
+  // other testing frameworks, as long as they initialize Google Test
+  // properly and set the thrown-on-failure mode.  Therefore, we don't
+  // use Google Test's constructs for defining and running tests
+  // (e.g. TEST and RUN_ALL_TESTS) here.
+
+  TestFailureThrowsRuntimeError();
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_throw_on_failure_test.py b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_throw_on_failure_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3e7740cabb8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_throw_on_failure_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright 2009, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Tests Google Test's throw-on-failure mode with exceptions disabled.
+
+This script invokes gtest_throw_on_failure_test_ (a program written with
+Google Test) with different environments and command line flags.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)'
+
+import os
+import gtest_test_utils
+
+
+# Constants.
+
+# The command line flag for enabling/disabling the throw-on-failure mode.
+THROW_ON_FAILURE = 'gtest_throw_on_failure'
+
+# Path to the gtest_throw_on_failure_test_ program, compiled with
+# exceptions disabled.
+EXE_PATH = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(
+    'gtest_throw_on_failure_test_')
+
+
+# Utilities.
+
+
+def SetEnvVar(env_var, value):
+  """Sets an environment variable to a given value; unsets it when the
+  given value is None.
+  """
+
+  env_var = env_var.upper()
+  if value is not None:
+    os.environ[env_var] = value
+  elif env_var in os.environ:
+    del os.environ[env_var]
+
+
+def Run(command):
+  """Runs a command; returns True/False if its exit code is/isn't 0."""
+
+  print('Running "%s". . .' % ' '.join(command))
+  p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(command)
+  return p.exited and p.exit_code == 0
+
+
+# The tests.  TODO(wan@google.com): refactor the class to share common
+# logic with code in gtest_break_on_failure_unittest.py.
+class ThrowOnFailureTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
+  """Tests the throw-on-failure mode."""
+
+  def RunAndVerify(self, env_var_value, flag_value, should_fail):
+    """Runs gtest_throw_on_failure_test_ and verifies that it does
+    (or does not) exit with a non-zero code.
+
+    Args:
+      env_var_value:    value of the GTEST_BREAK_ON_FAILURE environment
+                        variable; None if the variable should be unset.
+      flag_value:       value of the --gtest_break_on_failure flag;
+                        None if the flag should not be present.
+      should_fail:      True iff the program is expected to fail.
+    """
+
+    SetEnvVar(THROW_ON_FAILURE, env_var_value)
+
+    if env_var_value is None:
+      env_var_value_msg = ' is not set'
+    else:
+      env_var_value_msg = '=' + env_var_value
+
+    if flag_value is None:
+      flag = ''
+    elif flag_value == '0':
+      flag = '--%s=0' % THROW_ON_FAILURE
+    else:
+      flag = '--%s' % THROW_ON_FAILURE
+
+    command = [EXE_PATH]
+    if flag:
+      command.append(flag)
+
+    if should_fail:
+      should_or_not = 'should'
+    else:
+      should_or_not = 'should not'
+
+    failed = not Run(command)
+
+    SetEnvVar(THROW_ON_FAILURE, None)
+
+    msg = ('when %s%s, an assertion failure in "%s" %s cause a non-zero '
+           'exit code.' %
+           (THROW_ON_FAILURE, env_var_value_msg, ' '.join(command),
+            should_or_not))
+    self.assert_(failed == should_fail, msg)
+
+  def testDefaultBehavior(self):
+    """Tests the behavior of the default mode."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value=None, flag_value=None, should_fail=False)
+
+  def testThrowOnFailureEnvVar(self):
+    """Tests using the GTEST_THROW_ON_FAILURE environment variable."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='0',
+                      flag_value=None,
+                      should_fail=False)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='1',
+                      flag_value=None,
+                      should_fail=True)
+
+  def testThrowOnFailureFlag(self):
+    """Tests using the --gtest_throw_on_failure flag."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value=None,
+                      flag_value='0',
+                      should_fail=False)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value=None,
+                      flag_value='1',
+                      should_fail=True)
+
+  def testThrowOnFailureFlagOverridesEnvVar(self):
+    """Tests that --gtest_throw_on_failure overrides GTEST_THROW_ON_FAILURE."""
+
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='0',
+                      flag_value='0',
+                      should_fail=False)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='0',
+                      flag_value='1',
+                      should_fail=True)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='1',
+                      flag_value='0',
+                      should_fail=False)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='1',
+                      flag_value='1',
+                      should_fail=True)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  gtest_test_utils.Main()
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_throw_on_failure_test_.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_throw_on_failure_test_.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2b88fe3d9b3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_throw_on_failure_test_.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Copyright 2009, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+// Tests Google Test's throw-on-failure mode with exceptions disabled.
+//
+// This program must be compiled with exceptions disabled.  It will be
+// invoked by gtest_throw_on_failure_test.py, and is expected to exit
+// with non-zero in the throw-on-failure mode or 0 otherwise.
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>                      // for fflush, fprintf, NULL, etc.
+#include <stdlib.h>                     // for exit
+#include <exception>                    // for set_terminate
+
+// This terminate handler aborts the program using exit() rather than abort().
+// This avoids showing pop-ups on Windows systems and core dumps on Unix-like
+// ones.
+void TerminateHandler() {
+  fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", "Unhandled C++ exception terminating the program.");
+  fflush(NULL);
+  exit(1);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+  std::set_terminate(&TerminateHandler);
+#endif
+  testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+  // We want to ensure that people can use Google Test assertions in
+  // other testing frameworks, as long as they initialize Google Test
+  // properly and set the throw-on-failure mode.  Therefore, we don't
+  // use Google Test's constructs for defining and running tests
+  // (e.g. TEST and RUN_ALL_TESTS) here.
+
+  // In the throw-on-failure mode with exceptions disabled, this
+  // assertion will cause the program to exit with a non-zero code.
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, 3);
+
+  // When not in the throw-on-failure mode, the control will reach
+  // here.
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_uninitialized_test.py b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_uninitialized_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4358370097fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_uninitialized_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Verifies that Google Test warns the user when not initialized properly."""
+
+__author__ = 'wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)'
+
+import gtest_test_utils
+
+
+COMMAND = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath('gtest_uninitialized_test_')
+
+
+def Assert(condition):
+  if not condition:
+    raise AssertionError
+
+
+def AssertEq(expected, actual):
+  if expected != actual:
+    print('Expected: %s' % (expected,))
+    print('  Actual: %s' % (actual,))
+    raise AssertionError
+
+
+def TestExitCodeAndOutput(command):
+  """Runs the given command and verifies its exit code and output."""
+
+  # Verifies that 'command' exits with code 1.
+  p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(command)
+  Assert(p.exited)
+  AssertEq(1, p.exit_code)
+  Assert('InitGoogleTest' in p.output)
+
+
+class GTestUninitializedTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
+  def testExitCodeAndOutput(self):
+    TestExitCodeAndOutput(COMMAND)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  gtest_test_utils.Main()
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_uninitialized_test_.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_uninitialized_test_.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..44316987fbb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_uninitialized_test_.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+TEST(DummyTest, Dummy) {
+  // This test doesn't verify anything.  We just need it to create a
+  // realistic stage for testing the behavior of Google Test when
+  // RUN_ALL_TESTS() is called without testing::InitGoogleTest() being
+  // called first.
+}
+
+int main() {
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_unittest.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..88e94134b94c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,7706 @@
+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+//
+// Tests for Google Test itself.  This verifies that the basic constructs of
+// Google Test work.
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+// Verifies that the command line flag variables can be accessed
+// in code once <gtest/gtest.h> has been #included.
+// Do not move it after other #includes.
+TEST(CommandLineFlagsTest, CanBeAccessedInCodeOnceGTestHIsIncluded) {
+  bool dummy = testing::GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests)
+      || testing::GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure)
+      || testing::GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions)
+      || testing::GTEST_FLAG(color) != "unknown"
+      || testing::GTEST_FLAG(filter) != "unknown"
+      || testing::GTEST_FLAG(list_tests)
+      || testing::GTEST_FLAG(output) != "unknown"
+      || testing::GTEST_FLAG(print_time)
+      || testing::GTEST_FLAG(random_seed)
+      || testing::GTEST_FLAG(repeat) > 0
+      || testing::GTEST_FLAG(show_internal_stack_frames)
+      || testing::GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)
+      || testing::GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth) > 0
+      || testing::GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to) != "unknown"
+      || testing::GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(dummy || !dummy);  // Suppresses warning that dummy is unused.
+}
+
+#include <limits.h>  // For INT_MAX.
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include <map>
+#include <vector>
+#include <ostream>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
+
+// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
+// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
+// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
+// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
+// his code.
+#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
+#include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
+#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
+
+namespace testing {
+namespace internal {
+
+#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+
+class StreamingListenerTest : public Test {
+ public:
+  class FakeSocketWriter : public StreamingListener::AbstractSocketWriter {
+   public:
+    // Sends a string to the socket.
+    virtual void Send(const string& message) { output_ += message; }
+
+    string output_;
+  };
+
+  StreamingListenerTest()
+      : fake_sock_writer_(new FakeSocketWriter),
+        streamer_(fake_sock_writer_),
+        test_info_obj_("FooTest", "Bar", NULL, NULL,
+                       CodeLocation(__FILE__, __LINE__), 0, NULL) {}
+
+ protected:
+  string* output() { return &(fake_sock_writer_->output_); }
+
+  FakeSocketWriter* const fake_sock_writer_;
+  StreamingListener streamer_;
+  UnitTest unit_test_;
+  TestInfo test_info_obj_;  // The name test_info_ was taken by testing::Test.
+};
+
+TEST_F(StreamingListenerTest, OnTestProgramEnd) {
+  *output() = "";
+  streamer_.OnTestProgramEnd(unit_test_);
+  EXPECT_EQ("event=TestProgramEnd&passed=1\n", *output());
+}
+
+TEST_F(StreamingListenerTest, OnTestIterationEnd) {
+  *output() = "";
+  streamer_.OnTestIterationEnd(unit_test_, 42);
+  EXPECT_EQ("event=TestIterationEnd&passed=1&elapsed_time=0ms\n", *output());
+}
+
+TEST_F(StreamingListenerTest, OnTestCaseStart) {
+  *output() = "";
+  streamer_.OnTestCaseStart(TestCase("FooTest", "Bar", NULL, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ("event=TestCaseStart&name=FooTest\n", *output());
+}
+
+TEST_F(StreamingListenerTest, OnTestCaseEnd) {
+  *output() = "";
+  streamer_.OnTestCaseEnd(TestCase("FooTest", "Bar", NULL, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ("event=TestCaseEnd&passed=1&elapsed_time=0ms\n", *output());
+}
+
+TEST_F(StreamingListenerTest, OnTestStart) {
+  *output() = "";
+  streamer_.OnTestStart(test_info_obj_);
+  EXPECT_EQ("event=TestStart&name=Bar\n", *output());
+}
+
+TEST_F(StreamingListenerTest, OnTestEnd) {
+  *output() = "";
+  streamer_.OnTestEnd(test_info_obj_);
+  EXPECT_EQ("event=TestEnd&passed=1&elapsed_time=0ms\n", *output());
+}
+
+TEST_F(StreamingListenerTest, OnTestPartResult) {
+  *output() = "";
+  streamer_.OnTestPartResult(TestPartResult(
+      TestPartResult::kFatalFailure, "foo.cc", 42, "failed=\n&%"));
+
+  // Meta characters in the failure message should be properly escaped.
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "event=TestPartResult&file=foo.cc&line=42&message=failed%3D%0A%26%25\n",
+      *output());
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+
+// Provides access to otherwise private parts of the TestEventListeners class
+// that are needed to test it.
+class TestEventListenersAccessor {
+ public:
+  static TestEventListener* GetRepeater(TestEventListeners* listeners) {
+    return listeners->repeater();
+  }
+
+  static void SetDefaultResultPrinter(TestEventListeners* listeners,
+                                      TestEventListener* listener) {
+    listeners->SetDefaultResultPrinter(listener);
+  }
+  static void SetDefaultXmlGenerator(TestEventListeners* listeners,
+                                     TestEventListener* listener) {
+    listeners->SetDefaultXmlGenerator(listener);
+  }
+
+  static bool EventForwardingEnabled(const TestEventListeners& listeners) {
+    return listeners.EventForwardingEnabled();
+  }
+
+  static void SuppressEventForwarding(TestEventListeners* listeners) {
+    listeners->SuppressEventForwarding();
+  }
+};
+
+class UnitTestRecordPropertyTestHelper : public Test {
+ protected:
+  UnitTestRecordPropertyTestHelper() {}
+
+  // Forwards to UnitTest::RecordProperty() to bypass access controls.
+  void UnitTestRecordProperty(const char* key, const std::string& value) {
+    unit_test_.RecordProperty(key, value);
+  }
+
+  UnitTest unit_test_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace testing
+
+using testing::AssertionFailure;
+using testing::AssertionResult;
+using testing::AssertionSuccess;
+using testing::DoubleLE;
+using testing::EmptyTestEventListener;
+using testing::Environment;
+using testing::FloatLE;
+using testing::GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests);
+using testing::GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure);
+using testing::GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions);
+using testing::GTEST_FLAG(color);
+using testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork);
+using testing::GTEST_FLAG(filter);
+using testing::GTEST_FLAG(list_tests);
+using testing::GTEST_FLAG(output);
+using testing::GTEST_FLAG(print_time);
+using testing::GTEST_FLAG(random_seed);
+using testing::GTEST_FLAG(repeat);
+using testing::GTEST_FLAG(show_internal_stack_frames);
+using testing::GTEST_FLAG(shuffle);
+using testing::GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth);
+using testing::GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to);
+using testing::GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure);
+using testing::IsNotSubstring;
+using testing::IsSubstring;
+using testing::Message;
+using testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter;
+using testing::StaticAssertTypeEq;
+using testing::Test;
+using testing::TestCase;
+using testing::TestEventListeners;
+using testing::TestInfo;
+using testing::TestPartResult;
+using testing::TestPartResultArray;
+using testing::TestProperty;
+using testing::TestResult;
+using testing::TimeInMillis;
+using testing::UnitTest;
+using testing::internal::AddReference;
+using testing::internal::AlwaysFalse;
+using testing::internal::AlwaysTrue;
+using testing::internal::AppendUserMessage;
+using testing::internal::ArrayAwareFind;
+using testing::internal::ArrayEq;
+using testing::internal::CodePointToUtf8;
+using testing::internal::CompileAssertTypesEqual;
+using testing::internal::CopyArray;
+using testing::internal::CountIf;
+using testing::internal::EqFailure;
+using testing::internal::FloatingPoint;
+using testing::internal::ForEach;
+using testing::internal::FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601;
+using testing::internal::FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds;
+using testing::internal::GTestFlagSaver;
+using testing::internal::GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop;
+using testing::internal::GetElementOr;
+using testing::internal::GetNextRandomSeed;
+using testing::internal::GetRandomSeedFromFlag;
+using testing::internal::GetTestTypeId;
+using testing::internal::GetTimeInMillis;
+using testing::internal::GetTypeId;
+using testing::internal::GetUnitTestImpl;
+using testing::internal::ImplicitlyConvertible;
+using testing::internal::Int32;
+using testing::internal::Int32FromEnvOrDie;
+using testing::internal::IsAProtocolMessage;
+using testing::internal::IsContainer;
+using testing::internal::IsContainerTest;
+using testing::internal::IsNotContainer;
+using testing::internal::NativeArray;
+using testing::internal::ParseInt32Flag;
+using testing::internal::RelationToSourceCopy;
+using testing::internal::RelationToSourceReference;
+using testing::internal::RemoveConst;
+using testing::internal::RemoveReference;
+using testing::internal::ShouldRunTestOnShard;
+using testing::internal::ShouldShard;
+using testing::internal::ShouldUseColor;
+using testing::internal::Shuffle;
+using testing::internal::ShuffleRange;
+using testing::internal::SkipPrefix;
+using testing::internal::StreamableToString;
+using testing::internal::String;
+using testing::internal::TestEventListenersAccessor;
+using testing::internal::TestResultAccessor;
+using testing::internal::UInt32;
+using testing::internal::WideStringToUtf8;
+using testing::internal::edit_distance::CalculateOptimalEdits;
+using testing::internal::edit_distance::CreateUnifiedDiff;
+using testing::internal::edit_distance::EditType;
+using testing::internal::kMaxRandomSeed;
+using testing::internal::kTestTypeIdInGoogleTest;
+using testing::kMaxStackTraceDepth;
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
+using testing::internal::CaptureStdout;
+using testing::internal::GetCapturedStdout;
+#endif
+
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+using testing::internal::ThreadWithParam;
+#endif
+
+class TestingVector : public std::vector<int> {
+};
+
+::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os,
+                           const TestingVector& vector) {
+  os << "{ ";
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < vector.size(); i++) {
+    os << vector[i] << " ";
+  }
+  os << "}";
+  return os;
+}
+
+// This line tests that we can define tests in an unnamed namespace.
+namespace {
+
+TEST(GetRandomSeedFromFlagTest, HandlesZero) {
+  const int seed = GetRandomSeedFromFlag(0);
+  EXPECT_LE(1, seed);
+  EXPECT_LE(seed, static_cast<int>(kMaxRandomSeed));
+}
+
+TEST(GetRandomSeedFromFlagTest, PreservesValidSeed) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, GetRandomSeedFromFlag(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, GetRandomSeedFromFlag(2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kMaxRandomSeed - 1, GetRandomSeedFromFlag(kMaxRandomSeed - 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(kMaxRandomSeed),
+            GetRandomSeedFromFlag(kMaxRandomSeed));
+}
+
+TEST(GetRandomSeedFromFlagTest, NormalizesInvalidSeed) {
+  const int seed1 = GetRandomSeedFromFlag(-1);
+  EXPECT_LE(1, seed1);
+  EXPECT_LE(seed1, static_cast<int>(kMaxRandomSeed));
+
+  const int seed2 = GetRandomSeedFromFlag(kMaxRandomSeed + 1);
+  EXPECT_LE(1, seed2);
+  EXPECT_LE(seed2, static_cast<int>(kMaxRandomSeed));
+}
+
+TEST(GetNextRandomSeedTest, WorksForValidInput) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, GetNextRandomSeed(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, GetNextRandomSeed(2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(kMaxRandomSeed),
+            GetNextRandomSeed(kMaxRandomSeed - 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, GetNextRandomSeed(kMaxRandomSeed));
+
+  // We deliberately don't test GetNextRandomSeed() with invalid
+  // inputs, as that requires death tests, which are expensive.  This
+  // is fine as GetNextRandomSeed() is internal and has a
+  // straightforward definition.
+}
+
+static void ClearCurrentTestPartResults() {
+  TestResultAccessor::ClearTestPartResults(
+      GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result());
+}
+
+// Tests GetTypeId.
+
+TEST(GetTypeIdTest, ReturnsSameValueForSameType) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(GetTypeId<int>(), GetTypeId<int>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(GetTypeId<Test>(), GetTypeId<Test>());
+}
+
+class SubClassOfTest : public Test {};
+class AnotherSubClassOfTest : public Test {};
+
+TEST(GetTypeIdTest, ReturnsDifferentValuesForDifferentTypes) {
+  EXPECT_NE(GetTypeId<int>(), GetTypeId<const int>());
+  EXPECT_NE(GetTypeId<int>(), GetTypeId<char>());
+  EXPECT_NE(GetTypeId<int>(), GetTestTypeId());
+  EXPECT_NE(GetTypeId<SubClassOfTest>(), GetTestTypeId());
+  EXPECT_NE(GetTypeId<AnotherSubClassOfTest>(), GetTestTypeId());
+  EXPECT_NE(GetTypeId<AnotherSubClassOfTest>(), GetTypeId<SubClassOfTest>());
+}
+
+// Verifies that GetTestTypeId() returns the same value, no matter it
+// is called from inside Google Test or outside of it.
+TEST(GetTestTypeIdTest, ReturnsTheSameValueInsideOrOutsideOfGoogleTest) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(kTestTypeIdInGoogleTest, GetTestTypeId());
+}
+
+// Tests FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds().
+
+TEST(FormatTimeInMillisAsSecondsTest, FormatsZero) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("0", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(0));
+}
+
+TEST(FormatTimeInMillisAsSecondsTest, FormatsPositiveNumber) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("0.003", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(3));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0.01", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(10));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0.2", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(200));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1.2", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(1200));
+  EXPECT_EQ("3", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(3000));
+}
+
+TEST(FormatTimeInMillisAsSecondsTest, FormatsNegativeNumber) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("-0.003", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(-3));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-0.01", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(-10));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-0.2", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(-200));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-1.2", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(-1200));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-3", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(-3000));
+}
+
+// Tests FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601().  The correctness of conversion
+// for particular dates below was verified in Python using
+// datetime.datetime.fromutctimestamp(<timetamp>/1000).
+
+// FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601 depends on the current timezone, so we
+// have to set up a particular timezone to obtain predictable results.
+class FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601Test : public Test {
+ public:
+  // On Cygwin, GCC doesn't allow unqualified integer literals to exceed
+  // 32 bits, even when 64-bit integer types are available.  We have to
+  // force the constants to have a 64-bit type here.
+  static const TimeInMillis kMillisPerSec = 1000;
+
+ private:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    saved_tz_ = NULL;
+
+    GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4996 /* getenv, strdup: deprecated */)
+    if (getenv("TZ"))
+      saved_tz_ = strdup(getenv("TZ"));
+    GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+
+    // Set up the time zone for FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601 to use.  We
+    // cannot use the local time zone because the function's output depends
+    // on the time zone.
+    SetTimeZone("UTC+00");
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    SetTimeZone(saved_tz_);
+    free(const_cast<char*>(saved_tz_));
+    saved_tz_ = NULL;
+  }
+
+  static void SetTimeZone(const char* time_zone) {
+    // tzset() distinguishes between the TZ variable being present and empty
+    // and not being present, so we have to consider the case of time_zone
+    // being NULL.
+#if _MSC_VER
+    // ...Unless it's MSVC, whose standard library's _putenv doesn't
+    // distinguish between an empty and a missing variable.
+    const std::string env_var =
+        std::string("TZ=") + (time_zone ? time_zone : "");
+    _putenv(env_var.c_str());
+    GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4996 /* deprecated function */)
+    tzset();
+    GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+#else
+    if (time_zone) {
+      setenv(("TZ"), time_zone, 1);
+    } else {
+      unsetenv("TZ");
+    }
+    tzset();
+#endif
+  }
+
+  const char* saved_tz_;
+};
+
+const TimeInMillis FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601Test::kMillisPerSec;
+
+TEST_F(FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601Test, PrintsTwoDigitSegments) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("2011-10-31T18:52:42",
+            FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(1320087162 * kMillisPerSec));
+}
+
+TEST_F(FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601Test, MillisecondsDoNotAffectResult) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "2011-10-31T18:52:42",
+      FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(1320087162 * kMillisPerSec + 234));
+}
+
+TEST_F(FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601Test, PrintsLeadingZeroes) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("2011-09-03T05:07:02",
+            FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(1315026422 * kMillisPerSec));
+}
+
+TEST_F(FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601Test, Prints24HourTime) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("2011-09-28T17:08:22",
+            FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(1317229702 * kMillisPerSec));
+}
+
+TEST_F(FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601Test, PrintsEpochStart) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("1970-01-01T00:00:00", FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(0));
+}
+
+#if GTEST_CAN_COMPARE_NULL
+
+# ifdef __BORLANDC__
+// Silences warnings: "Condition is always true", "Unreachable code"
+#  pragma option push -w-ccc -w-rch
+# endif
+
+// Tests that GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(x) is true when x is a null
+// pointer literal.
+TEST(NullLiteralTest, IsTrueForNullLiterals) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(NULL));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(0));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(0U));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(0L));
+}
+
+// Tests that GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(x) is false when x is not a null
+// pointer literal.
+TEST(NullLiteralTest, IsFalseForNonNullLiterals) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(0.0));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_('a'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(static_cast<void*>(NULL)));
+}
+
+# ifdef __BORLANDC__
+// Restores warnings after previous "#pragma option push" suppressed them.
+#  pragma option pop
+# endif
+
+#endif  // GTEST_CAN_COMPARE_NULL
+//
+// Tests CodePointToUtf8().
+
+// Tests that the NUL character L'\0' is encoded correctly.
+TEST(CodePointToUtf8Test, CanEncodeNul) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("", CodePointToUtf8(L'\0'));
+}
+
+// Tests that ASCII characters are encoded correctly.
+TEST(CodePointToUtf8Test, CanEncodeAscii) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("a", CodePointToUtf8(L'a'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("Z", CodePointToUtf8(L'Z'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("&", CodePointToUtf8(L'&'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("\x7F", CodePointToUtf8(L'\x7F'));
+}
+
+// Tests that Unicode code-points that have 8 to 11 bits are encoded
+// as 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx.
+TEST(CodePointToUtf8Test, CanEncode8To11Bits) {
+  // 000 1101 0011 => 110-00011 10-010011
+  EXPECT_EQ("\xC3\x93", CodePointToUtf8(L'\xD3'));
+
+  // 101 0111 0110 => 110-10101 10-110110
+  // Some compilers (e.g., GCC on MinGW) cannot handle non-ASCII codepoints
+  // in wide strings and wide chars. In order to accomodate them, we have to
+  // introduce such character constants as integers.
+  EXPECT_EQ("\xD5\xB6",
+            CodePointToUtf8(static_cast<wchar_t>(0x576)));
+}
+
+// Tests that Unicode code-points that have 12 to 16 bits are encoded
+// as 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx.
+TEST(CodePointToUtf8Test, CanEncode12To16Bits) {
+  // 0000 1000 1101 0011 => 1110-0000 10-100011 10-010011
+  EXPECT_EQ("\xE0\xA3\x93",
+            CodePointToUtf8(static_cast<wchar_t>(0x8D3)));
+
+  // 1100 0111 0100 1101 => 1110-1100 10-011101 10-001101
+  EXPECT_EQ("\xEC\x9D\x8D",
+            CodePointToUtf8(static_cast<wchar_t>(0xC74D)));
+}
+
+#if !GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_
+// Tests in this group require a wchar_t to hold > 16 bits, and thus
+// are skipped on Windows, Cygwin, and Symbian, where a wchar_t is
+// 16-bit wide. This code may not compile on those systems.
+
+// Tests that Unicode code-points that have 17 to 21 bits are encoded
+// as 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx.
+TEST(CodePointToUtf8Test, CanEncode17To21Bits) {
+  // 0 0001 0000 1000 1101 0011 => 11110-000 10-010000 10-100011 10-010011
+  EXPECT_EQ("\xF0\x90\xA3\x93", CodePointToUtf8(L'\x108D3'));
+
+  // 0 0001 0000 0100 0000 0000 => 11110-000 10-010000 10-010000 10-000000
+  EXPECT_EQ("\xF0\x90\x90\x80", CodePointToUtf8(L'\x10400'));
+
+  // 1 0000 1000 0110 0011 0100 => 11110-100 10-001000 10-011000 10-110100
+  EXPECT_EQ("\xF4\x88\x98\xB4", CodePointToUtf8(L'\x108634'));
+}
+
+// Tests that encoding an invalid code-point generates the expected result.
+TEST(CodePointToUtf8Test, CanEncodeInvalidCodePoint) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("(Invalid Unicode 0x1234ABCD)", CodePointToUtf8(L'\x1234ABCD'));
+}
+
+#endif  // !GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_
+
+// Tests WideStringToUtf8().
+
+// Tests that the NUL character L'\0' is encoded correctly.
+TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, CanEncodeNul) {
+  EXPECT_STREQ("", WideStringToUtf8(L"", 0).c_str());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("", WideStringToUtf8(L"", -1).c_str());
+}
+
+// Tests that ASCII strings are encoded correctly.
+TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, CanEncodeAscii) {
+  EXPECT_STREQ("a", WideStringToUtf8(L"a", 1).c_str());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("ab", WideStringToUtf8(L"ab", 2).c_str());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("a", WideStringToUtf8(L"a", -1).c_str());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("ab", WideStringToUtf8(L"ab", -1).c_str());
+}
+
+// Tests that Unicode code-points that have 8 to 11 bits are encoded
+// as 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx.
+TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, CanEncode8To11Bits) {
+  // 000 1101 0011 => 110-00011 10-010011
+  EXPECT_STREQ("\xC3\x93", WideStringToUtf8(L"\xD3", 1).c_str());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("\xC3\x93", WideStringToUtf8(L"\xD3", -1).c_str());
+
+  // 101 0111 0110 => 110-10101 10-110110
+  const wchar_t s[] = { 0x576, '\0' };
+  EXPECT_STREQ("\xD5\xB6", WideStringToUtf8(s, 1).c_str());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("\xD5\xB6", WideStringToUtf8(s, -1).c_str());
+}
+
+// Tests that Unicode code-points that have 12 to 16 bits are encoded
+// as 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx.
+TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, CanEncode12To16Bits) {
+  // 0000 1000 1101 0011 => 1110-0000 10-100011 10-010011
+  const wchar_t s1[] = { 0x8D3, '\0' };
+  EXPECT_STREQ("\xE0\xA3\x93", WideStringToUtf8(s1, 1).c_str());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("\xE0\xA3\x93", WideStringToUtf8(s1, -1).c_str());
+
+  // 1100 0111 0100 1101 => 1110-1100 10-011101 10-001101
+  const wchar_t s2[] = { 0xC74D, '\0' };
+  EXPECT_STREQ("\xEC\x9D\x8D", WideStringToUtf8(s2, 1).c_str());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("\xEC\x9D\x8D", WideStringToUtf8(s2, -1).c_str());
+}
+
+// Tests that the conversion stops when the function encounters \0 character.
+TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, StopsOnNulCharacter) {
+  EXPECT_STREQ("ABC", WideStringToUtf8(L"ABC\0XYZ", 100).c_str());
+}
+
+// Tests that the conversion stops when the function reaches the limit
+// specified by the 'length' parameter.
+TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, StopsWhenLengthLimitReached) {
+  EXPECT_STREQ("ABC", WideStringToUtf8(L"ABCDEF", 3).c_str());
+}
+
+#if !GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_
+// Tests that Unicode code-points that have 17 to 21 bits are encoded
+// as 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx. This code may not compile
+// on the systems using UTF-16 encoding.
+TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, CanEncode17To21Bits) {
+  // 0 0001 0000 1000 1101 0011 => 11110-000 10-010000 10-100011 10-010011
+  EXPECT_STREQ("\xF0\x90\xA3\x93", WideStringToUtf8(L"\x108D3", 1).c_str());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("\xF0\x90\xA3\x93", WideStringToUtf8(L"\x108D3", -1).c_str());
+
+  // 1 0000 1000 0110 0011 0100 => 11110-100 10-001000 10-011000 10-110100
+  EXPECT_STREQ("\xF4\x88\x98\xB4", WideStringToUtf8(L"\x108634", 1).c_str());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("\xF4\x88\x98\xB4", WideStringToUtf8(L"\x108634", -1).c_str());
+}
+
+// Tests that encoding an invalid code-point generates the expected result.
+TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, CanEncodeInvalidCodePoint) {
+  EXPECT_STREQ("(Invalid Unicode 0xABCDFF)",
+               WideStringToUtf8(L"\xABCDFF", -1).c_str());
+}
+#else  // !GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_
+// Tests that surrogate pairs are encoded correctly on the systems using
+// UTF-16 encoding in the wide strings.
+TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, CanEncodeValidUtf16SUrrogatePairs) {
+  const wchar_t s[] = { 0xD801, 0xDC00, '\0' };
+  EXPECT_STREQ("\xF0\x90\x90\x80", WideStringToUtf8(s, -1).c_str());
+}
+
+// Tests that encoding an invalid UTF-16 surrogate pair
+// generates the expected result.
+TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, CanEncodeInvalidUtf16SurrogatePair) {
+  // Leading surrogate is at the end of the string.
+  const wchar_t s1[] = { 0xD800, '\0' };
+  EXPECT_STREQ("\xED\xA0\x80", WideStringToUtf8(s1, -1).c_str());
+  // Leading surrogate is not followed by the trailing surrogate.
+  const wchar_t s2[] = { 0xD800, 'M', '\0' };
+  EXPECT_STREQ("\xED\xA0\x80M", WideStringToUtf8(s2, -1).c_str());
+  // Trailing surrogate appearas without a leading surrogate.
+  const wchar_t s3[] = { 0xDC00, 'P', 'Q', 'R', '\0' };
+  EXPECT_STREQ("\xED\xB0\x80PQR", WideStringToUtf8(s3, -1).c_str());
+}
+#endif  // !GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_
+
+// Tests that codepoint concatenation works correctly.
+#if !GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_
+TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, ConcatenatesCodepointsCorrectly) {
+  const wchar_t s[] = { 0x108634, 0xC74D, '\n', 0x576, 0x8D3, 0x108634, '\0'};
+  EXPECT_STREQ(
+      "\xF4\x88\x98\xB4"
+          "\xEC\x9D\x8D"
+          "\n"
+          "\xD5\xB6"
+          "\xE0\xA3\x93"
+          "\xF4\x88\x98\xB4",
+      WideStringToUtf8(s, -1).c_str());
+}
+#else
+TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, ConcatenatesCodepointsCorrectly) {
+  const wchar_t s[] = { 0xC74D, '\n', 0x576, 0x8D3, '\0'};
+  EXPECT_STREQ(
+      "\xEC\x9D\x8D" "\n" "\xD5\xB6" "\xE0\xA3\x93",
+      WideStringToUtf8(s, -1).c_str());
+}
+#endif  // !GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_
+
+// Tests the Random class.
+
+TEST(RandomDeathTest, GeneratesCrashesOnInvalidRange) {
+  testing::internal::Random random(42);
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(
+      random.Generate(0),
+      "Cannot generate a number in the range \\[0, 0\\)");
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(
+      random.Generate(testing::internal::Random::kMaxRange + 1),
+      "Generation of a number in \\[0, 2147483649\\) was requested, "
+      "but this can only generate numbers in \\[0, 2147483648\\)");
+}
+
+TEST(RandomTest, GeneratesNumbersWithinRange) {
+  const UInt32 kRange = 10000;
+  testing::internal::Random random(12345);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    EXPECT_LT(random.Generate(kRange), kRange) << " for iteration " << i;
+  }
+
+  testing::internal::Random random2(testing::internal::Random::kMaxRange);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    EXPECT_LT(random2.Generate(kRange), kRange) << " for iteration " << i;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(RandomTest, RepeatsWhenReseeded) {
+  const int kSeed = 123;
+  const int kArraySize = 10;
+  const UInt32 kRange = 10000;
+  UInt32 values[kArraySize];
+
+  testing::internal::Random random(kSeed);
+  for (int i = 0; i < kArraySize; i++) {
+    values[i] = random.Generate(kRange);
+  }
+
+  random.Reseed(kSeed);
+  for (int i = 0; i < kArraySize; i++) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(values[i], random.Generate(kRange)) << " for iteration " << i;
+  }
+}
+
+// Tests STL container utilities.
+
+// Tests CountIf().
+
+static bool IsPositive(int n) { return n > 0; }
+
+TEST(ContainerUtilityTest, CountIf) {
+  std::vector<int> v;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, CountIf(v, IsPositive));  // Works for an empty container.
+
+  v.push_back(-1);
+  v.push_back(0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, CountIf(v, IsPositive));  // Works when no value satisfies.
+
+  v.push_back(2);
+  v.push_back(-10);
+  v.push_back(10);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, CountIf(v, IsPositive));
+}
+
+// Tests ForEach().
+
+static int g_sum = 0;
+static void Accumulate(int n) { g_sum += n; }
+
+TEST(ContainerUtilityTest, ForEach) {
+  std::vector<int> v;
+  g_sum = 0;
+  ForEach(v, Accumulate);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, g_sum);  // Works for an empty container;
+
+  g_sum = 0;
+  v.push_back(1);
+  ForEach(v, Accumulate);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, g_sum);  // Works for a container with one element.
+
+  g_sum = 0;
+  v.push_back(20);
+  v.push_back(300);
+  ForEach(v, Accumulate);
+  EXPECT_EQ(321, g_sum);
+}
+
+// Tests GetElementOr().
+TEST(ContainerUtilityTest, GetElementOr) {
+  std::vector<char> a;
+  EXPECT_EQ('x', GetElementOr(a, 0, 'x'));
+
+  a.push_back('a');
+  a.push_back('b');
+  EXPECT_EQ('a', GetElementOr(a, 0, 'x'));
+  EXPECT_EQ('b', GetElementOr(a, 1, 'x'));
+  EXPECT_EQ('x', GetElementOr(a, -2, 'x'));
+  EXPECT_EQ('x', GetElementOr(a, 2, 'x'));
+}
+
+TEST(ContainerUtilityDeathTest, ShuffleRange) {
+  std::vector<int> a;
+  a.push_back(0);
+  a.push_back(1);
+  a.push_back(2);
+  testing::internal::Random random(1);
+
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(
+      ShuffleRange(&random, -1, 1, &a),
+      "Invalid shuffle range start -1: must be in range \\[0, 3\\]");
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(
+      ShuffleRange(&random, 4, 4, &a),
+      "Invalid shuffle range start 4: must be in range \\[0, 3\\]");
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(
+      ShuffleRange(&random, 3, 2, &a),
+      "Invalid shuffle range finish 2: must be in range \\[3, 3\\]");
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(
+      ShuffleRange(&random, 3, 4, &a),
+      "Invalid shuffle range finish 4: must be in range \\[3, 3\\]");
+}
+
+class VectorShuffleTest : public Test {
+ protected:
+  static const int kVectorSize = 20;
+
+  VectorShuffleTest() : random_(1) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kVectorSize; i++) {
+      vector_.push_back(i);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static bool VectorIsCorrupt(const TestingVector& vector) {
+    if (kVectorSize != static_cast<int>(vector.size())) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    bool found_in_vector[kVectorSize] = { false };
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < vector.size(); i++) {
+      const int e = vector[i];
+      if (e < 0 || e >= kVectorSize || found_in_vector[e]) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      found_in_vector[e] = true;
+    }
+
+    // Vector size is correct, elements' range is correct, no
+    // duplicate elements.  Therefore no corruption has occurred.
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  static bool VectorIsNotCorrupt(const TestingVector& vector) {
+    return !VectorIsCorrupt(vector);
+  }
+
+  static bool RangeIsShuffled(const TestingVector& vector, int begin, int end) {
+    for (int i = begin; i < end; i++) {
+      if (i != vector[i]) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  static bool RangeIsUnshuffled(
+      const TestingVector& vector, int begin, int end) {
+    return !RangeIsShuffled(vector, begin, end);
+  }
+
+  static bool VectorIsShuffled(const TestingVector& vector) {
+    return RangeIsShuffled(vector, 0, static_cast<int>(vector.size()));
+  }
+
+  static bool VectorIsUnshuffled(const TestingVector& vector) {
+    return !VectorIsShuffled(vector);
+  }
+
+  testing::internal::Random random_;
+  TestingVector vector_;
+};  // class VectorShuffleTest
+
+const int VectorShuffleTest::kVectorSize;
+
+TEST_F(VectorShuffleTest, HandlesEmptyRange) {
+  // Tests an empty range at the beginning...
+  ShuffleRange(&random_, 0, 0, &vector_);
+  ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);
+  ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsUnshuffled, vector_);
+
+  // ...in the middle...
+  ShuffleRange(&random_, kVectorSize/2, kVectorSize/2, &vector_);
+  ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);
+  ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsUnshuffled, vector_);
+
+  // ...at the end...
+  ShuffleRange(&random_, kVectorSize - 1, kVectorSize - 1, &vector_);
+  ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);
+  ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsUnshuffled, vector_);
+
+  // ...and past the end.
+  ShuffleRange(&random_, kVectorSize, kVectorSize, &vector_);
+  ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);
+  ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsUnshuffled, vector_);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VectorShuffleTest, HandlesRangeOfSizeOne) {
+  // Tests a size one range at the beginning...
+  ShuffleRange(&random_, 0, 1, &vector_);
+  ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);
+  ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsUnshuffled, vector_);
+
+  // ...in the middle...
+  ShuffleRange(&random_, kVectorSize/2, kVectorSize/2 + 1, &vector_);
+  ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);
+  ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsUnshuffled, vector_);
+
+  // ...and at the end.
+  ShuffleRange(&random_, kVectorSize - 1, kVectorSize, &vector_);
+  ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);
+  ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsUnshuffled, vector_);
+}
+
+// Because we use our own random number generator and a fixed seed,
+// we can guarantee that the following "random" tests will succeed.
+
+TEST_F(VectorShuffleTest, ShufflesEntireVector) {
+  Shuffle(&random_, &vector_);
+  ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(VectorIsUnshuffled(vector_)) << vector_;
+
+  // Tests the first and last elements in particular to ensure that
+  // there are no off-by-one problems in our shuffle algorithm.
+  EXPECT_NE(0, vector_[0]);
+  EXPECT_NE(kVectorSize - 1, vector_[kVectorSize - 1]);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VectorShuffleTest, ShufflesStartOfVector) {
+  const int kRangeSize = kVectorSize/2;
+
+  ShuffleRange(&random_, 0, kRangeSize, &vector_);
+
+  ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);
+  EXPECT_PRED3(RangeIsShuffled, vector_, 0, kRangeSize);
+  EXPECT_PRED3(RangeIsUnshuffled, vector_, kRangeSize, kVectorSize);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VectorShuffleTest, ShufflesEndOfVector) {
+  const int kRangeSize = kVectorSize / 2;
+  ShuffleRange(&random_, kRangeSize, kVectorSize, &vector_);
+
+  ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);
+  EXPECT_PRED3(RangeIsUnshuffled, vector_, 0, kRangeSize);
+  EXPECT_PRED3(RangeIsShuffled, vector_, kRangeSize, kVectorSize);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VectorShuffleTest, ShufflesMiddleOfVector) {
+  int kRangeSize = kVectorSize/3;
+  ShuffleRange(&random_, kRangeSize, 2*kRangeSize, &vector_);
+
+  ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);
+  EXPECT_PRED3(RangeIsUnshuffled, vector_, 0, kRangeSize);
+  EXPECT_PRED3(RangeIsShuffled, vector_, kRangeSize, 2*kRangeSize);
+  EXPECT_PRED3(RangeIsUnshuffled, vector_, 2*kRangeSize, kVectorSize);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VectorShuffleTest, ShufflesRepeatably) {
+  TestingVector vector2;
+  for (int i = 0; i < kVectorSize; i++) {
+    vector2.push_back(i);
+  }
+
+  random_.Reseed(1234);
+  Shuffle(&random_, &vector_);
+  random_.Reseed(1234);
+  Shuffle(&random_, &vector2);
+
+  ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);
+  ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector2);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < kVectorSize; i++) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(vector_[i], vector2[i]) << " where i is " << i;
+  }
+}
+
+// Tests the size of the AssertHelper class.
+
+TEST(AssertHelperTest, AssertHelperIsSmall) {
+  // To avoid breaking clients that use lots of assertions in one
+  // function, we cannot grow the size of AssertHelper.
+  EXPECT_LE(sizeof(testing::internal::AssertHelper), sizeof(void*));
+}
+
+// Tests String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive().
+TEST(StringTest, EndsWithCaseInsensitive) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive("foobar", "BAR"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive("foobaR", "bar"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive("foobar", ""));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive("", ""));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive("Foobar", "foo"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive("foobar", "Foo"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive("", "foo"));
+}
+
+// C++Builder's preprocessor is buggy; it fails to expand macros that
+// appear in macro parameters after wide char literals.  Provide an alias
+// for NULL as a workaround.
+static const wchar_t* const kNull = NULL;
+
+// Tests String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals
+TEST(StringTest, CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(NULL, NULL));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(kNull, L""));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(L"", kNull));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(kNull, L"foobar"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(L"foobar", kNull));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(L"foobar", L"foobar"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(L"foobar", L"FOOBAR"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(L"FOOBAR", L"foobar"));
+}
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+// Tests String::ShowWideCString().
+TEST(StringTest, ShowWideCString) {
+  EXPECT_STREQ("(null)",
+               String::ShowWideCString(NULL).c_str());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("", String::ShowWideCString(L"").c_str());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("foo", String::ShowWideCString(L"foo").c_str());
+}
+
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+TEST(StringTest, AnsiAndUtf16Null) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(NULL, String::AnsiToUtf16(NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(NULL, String::Utf16ToAnsi(NULL));
+}
+
+TEST(StringTest, AnsiAndUtf16ConvertBasic) {
+  const char* ansi = String::Utf16ToAnsi(L"str");
+  EXPECT_STREQ("str", ansi);
+  delete [] ansi;
+  const WCHAR* utf16 = String::AnsiToUtf16("str");
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, wcsncmp(L"str", utf16, 3));
+  delete [] utf16;
+}
+
+TEST(StringTest, AnsiAndUtf16ConvertPathChars) {
+  const char* ansi = String::Utf16ToAnsi(L".:\\ \"*?");
+  EXPECT_STREQ(".:\\ \"*?", ansi);
+  delete [] ansi;
+  const WCHAR* utf16 = String::AnsiToUtf16(".:\\ \"*?");
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, wcsncmp(L".:\\ \"*?", utf16, 3));
+  delete [] utf16;
+}
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+// Tests TestProperty construction.
+TEST(TestPropertyTest, StringValue) {
+  TestProperty property("key", "1");
+  EXPECT_STREQ("key", property.key());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("1", property.value());
+}
+
+// Tests TestProperty replacing a value.
+TEST(TestPropertyTest, ReplaceStringValue) {
+  TestProperty property("key", "1");
+  EXPECT_STREQ("1", property.value());
+  property.SetValue("2");
+  EXPECT_STREQ("2", property.value());
+}
+
+// AddFatalFailure() and AddNonfatalFailure() must be stand-alone
+// functions (i.e. their definitions cannot be inlined at the call
+// sites), or C++Builder won't compile the code.
+static void AddFatalFailure() {
+  FAIL() << "Expected fatal failure.";
+}
+
+static void AddNonfatalFailure() {
+  ADD_FAILURE() << "Expected non-fatal failure.";
+}
+
+class ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest : public Test {
+ public:  // Must be public and not protected due to a bug in g++ 3.4.2.
+  enum FailureMode {
+    FATAL_FAILURE,
+    NONFATAL_FAILURE
+  };
+  static void AddFailure(FailureMode failure) {
+    if (failure == FATAL_FAILURE) {
+      AddFatalFailure();
+    } else {
+      AddNonfatalFailure();
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+// Tests that ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter intercepts test
+// failures.
+TEST_F(ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest, InterceptsTestFailures) {
+  TestPartResultArray results;
+  {
+    ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter reporter(
+        ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::INTERCEPT_ONLY_CURRENT_THREAD,
+        &results);
+    AddFailure(NONFATAL_FAILURE);
+    AddFailure(FATAL_FAILURE);
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, results.size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(results.GetTestPartResult(0).nonfatally_failed());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(results.GetTestPartResult(1).fatally_failed());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest, DeprecatedConstructor) {
+  TestPartResultArray results;
+  {
+    // Tests, that the deprecated constructor still works.
+    ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter reporter(&results);
+    AddFailure(NONFATAL_FAILURE);
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, results.size());
+}
+
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+
+class ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterWithThreadsTest
+  : public ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest {
+ protected:
+  static void AddFailureInOtherThread(FailureMode failure) {
+    ThreadWithParam<FailureMode> thread(&AddFailure, failure, NULL);
+    thread.Join();
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterWithThreadsTest,
+       InterceptsTestFailuresInAllThreads) {
+  TestPartResultArray results;
+  {
+    ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter reporter(
+        ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS, &results);
+    AddFailure(NONFATAL_FAILURE);
+    AddFailure(FATAL_FAILURE);
+    AddFailureInOtherThread(NONFATAL_FAILURE);
+    AddFailureInOtherThread(FATAL_FAILURE);
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, results.size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(results.GetTestPartResult(0).nonfatally_failed());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(results.GetTestPartResult(1).fatally_failed());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(results.GetTestPartResult(2).nonfatally_failed());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(results.GetTestPartResult(3).fatally_failed());
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+
+// Tests EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE{,ON_ALL_THREADS}.  Makes sure that they
+// work even if the failure is generated in a called function rather than
+// the current context.
+
+typedef ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest ExpectFatalFailureTest;
+
+TEST_F(ExpectFatalFailureTest, CatchesFatalFaliure) {
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(AddFatalFailure(), "Expected fatal failure.");
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+TEST_F(ExpectFatalFailureTest, AcceptsStringObject) {
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(AddFatalFailure(), ::string("Expected fatal failure."));
+}
+#endif
+
+TEST_F(ExpectFatalFailureTest, AcceptsStdStringObject) {
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(AddFatalFailure(),
+                       ::std::string("Expected fatal failure."));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ExpectFatalFailureTest, CatchesFatalFailureOnAllThreads) {
+  // We have another test below to verify that the macro catches fatal
+  // failures generated on another thread.
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(AddFatalFailure(),
+                                      "Expected fatal failure.");
+}
+
+#ifdef __BORLANDC__
+// Silences warnings: "Condition is always true"
+# pragma option push -w-ccc
+#endif
+
+// Tests that EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE() can be used in a non-void
+// function even when the statement in it contains ASSERT_*.
+
+int NonVoidFunction() {
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_TRUE(false), "");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(FAIL(), "");
+  return 0;
+}
+
+TEST_F(ExpectFatalFailureTest, CanBeUsedInNonVoidFunction) {
+  NonVoidFunction();
+}
+
+// Tests that EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(statement, ...) doesn't abort the
+// current function even though 'statement' generates a fatal failure.
+
+void DoesNotAbortHelper(bool* aborted) {
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_TRUE(false), "");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(FAIL(), "");
+
+  *aborted = false;
+}
+
+#ifdef __BORLANDC__
+// Restores warnings after previous "#pragma option push" suppressed them.
+# pragma option pop
+#endif
+
+TEST_F(ExpectFatalFailureTest, DoesNotAbort) {
+  bool aborted = true;
+  DoesNotAbortHelper(&aborted);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(aborted);
+}
+
+// Tests that the EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE{,_ON_ALL_THREADS} accepts a
+// statement that contains a macro which expands to code containing an
+// unprotected comma.
+
+static int global_var = 0;
+#define GTEST_USE_UNPROTECTED_COMMA_ global_var++, global_var++
+
+TEST_F(ExpectFatalFailureTest, AcceptsMacroThatExpandsToUnprotectedComma) {
+#ifndef __BORLANDC__
+  // ICE's in C++Builder.
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({
+    GTEST_USE_UNPROTECTED_COMMA_;
+    AddFatalFailure();
+  }, "");
+#endif
+
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS({
+    GTEST_USE_UNPROTECTED_COMMA_;
+    AddFatalFailure();
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE{,ON_ALL_THREADS}.
+
+typedef ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest ExpectNonfatalFailureTest;
+
+TEST_F(ExpectNonfatalFailureTest, CatchesNonfatalFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(AddNonfatalFailure(),
+                          "Expected non-fatal failure.");
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+TEST_F(ExpectNonfatalFailureTest, AcceptsStringObject) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(AddNonfatalFailure(),
+                          ::string("Expected non-fatal failure."));
+}
+#endif
+
+TEST_F(ExpectNonfatalFailureTest, AcceptsStdStringObject) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(AddNonfatalFailure(),
+                          ::std::string("Expected non-fatal failure."));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ExpectNonfatalFailureTest, CatchesNonfatalFailureOnAllThreads) {
+  // We have another test below to verify that the macro catches
+  // non-fatal failures generated on another thread.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(AddNonfatalFailure(),
+                                         "Expected non-fatal failure.");
+}
+
+// Tests that the EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE{,_ON_ALL_THREADS} accepts a
+// statement that contains a macro which expands to code containing an
+// unprotected comma.
+TEST_F(ExpectNonfatalFailureTest, AcceptsMacroThatExpandsToUnprotectedComma) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({
+    GTEST_USE_UNPROTECTED_COMMA_;
+    AddNonfatalFailure();
+  }, "");
+
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS({
+    GTEST_USE_UNPROTECTED_COMMA_;
+    AddNonfatalFailure();
+  }, "");
+}
+
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+
+typedef ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterWithThreadsTest
+    ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest;
+
+TEST_F(ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest, ExpectFatalFailureOnAllThreads) {
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(AddFailureInOtherThread(FATAL_FAILURE),
+                                      "Expected fatal failure.");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest, ExpectNonFatalFailureOnAllThreads) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(
+      AddFailureInOtherThread(NONFATAL_FAILURE), "Expected non-fatal failure.");
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+
+// Tests the TestProperty class.
+
+TEST(TestPropertyTest, ConstructorWorks) {
+  const TestProperty property("key", "value");
+  EXPECT_STREQ("key", property.key());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("value", property.value());
+}
+
+TEST(TestPropertyTest, SetValue) {
+  TestProperty property("key", "value_1");
+  EXPECT_STREQ("key", property.key());
+  property.SetValue("value_2");
+  EXPECT_STREQ("key", property.key());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("value_2", property.value());
+}
+
+// Tests the TestResult class
+
+// The test fixture for testing TestResult.
+class TestResultTest : public Test {
+ protected:
+  typedef std::vector<TestPartResult> TPRVector;
+
+  // We make use of 2 TestPartResult objects,
+  TestPartResult * pr1, * pr2;
+
+  // ... and 3 TestResult objects.
+  TestResult * r0, * r1, * r2;
+
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    // pr1 is for success.
+    pr1 = new TestPartResult(TestPartResult::kSuccess,
+                             "foo/bar.cc",
+                             10,
+                             "Success!");
+
+    // pr2 is for fatal failure.
+    pr2 = new TestPartResult(TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
+                             "foo/bar.cc",
+                             -1,  // This line number means "unknown"
+                             "Failure!");
+
+    // Creates the TestResult objects.
+    r0 = new TestResult();
+    r1 = new TestResult();
+    r2 = new TestResult();
+
+    // In order to test TestResult, we need to modify its internal
+    // state, in particular the TestPartResult vector it holds.
+    // test_part_results() returns a const reference to this vector.
+    // We cast it to a non-const object s.t. it can be modified (yes,
+    // this is a hack).
+    TPRVector* results1 = const_cast<TPRVector*>(
+        &TestResultAccessor::test_part_results(*r1));
+    TPRVector* results2 = const_cast<TPRVector*>(
+        &TestResultAccessor::test_part_results(*r2));
+
+    // r0 is an empty TestResult.
+
+    // r1 contains a single SUCCESS TestPartResult.
+    results1->push_back(*pr1);
+
+    // r2 contains a SUCCESS, and a FAILURE.
+    results2->push_back(*pr1);
+    results2->push_back(*pr2);
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    delete pr1;
+    delete pr2;
+
+    delete r0;
+    delete r1;
+    delete r2;
+  }
+
+  // Helper that compares two two TestPartResults.
+  static void CompareTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& expected,
+                                    const TestPartResult& actual) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected.type(), actual.type());
+    EXPECT_STREQ(expected.file_name(), actual.file_name());
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected.line_number(), actual.line_number());
+    EXPECT_STREQ(expected.summary(), actual.summary());
+    EXPECT_STREQ(expected.message(), actual.message());
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected.passed(), actual.passed());
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected.failed(), actual.failed());
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected.nonfatally_failed(), actual.nonfatally_failed());
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected.fatally_failed(), actual.fatally_failed());
+  }
+};
+
+// Tests TestResult::total_part_count().
+TEST_F(TestResultTest, total_part_count) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, r0->total_part_count());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, r1->total_part_count());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, r2->total_part_count());
+}
+
+// Tests TestResult::Passed().
+TEST_F(TestResultTest, Passed) {
+  ASSERT_TRUE(r0->Passed());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(r1->Passed());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(r2->Passed());
+}
+
+// Tests TestResult::Failed().
+TEST_F(TestResultTest, Failed) {
+  ASSERT_FALSE(r0->Failed());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(r1->Failed());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(r2->Failed());
+}
+
+// Tests TestResult::GetTestPartResult().
+
+typedef TestResultTest TestResultDeathTest;
+
+TEST_F(TestResultDeathTest, GetTestPartResult) {
+  CompareTestPartResult(*pr1, r2->GetTestPartResult(0));
+  CompareTestPartResult(*pr2, r2->GetTestPartResult(1));
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(r2->GetTestPartResult(2), "");
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(r2->GetTestPartResult(-1), "");
+}
+
+// Tests TestResult has no properties when none are added.
+TEST(TestResultPropertyTest, NoPropertiesFoundWhenNoneAreAdded) {
+  TestResult test_result;
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, test_result.test_property_count());
+}
+
+// Tests TestResult has the expected property when added.
+TEST(TestResultPropertyTest, OnePropertyFoundWhenAdded) {
+  TestResult test_result;
+  TestProperty property("key_1", "1");
+  TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, "testcase", property);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, test_result.test_property_count());
+  const TestProperty& actual_property = test_result.GetTestProperty(0);
+  EXPECT_STREQ("key_1", actual_property.key());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("1", actual_property.value());
+}
+
+// Tests TestResult has multiple properties when added.
+TEST(TestResultPropertyTest, MultiplePropertiesFoundWhenAdded) {
+  TestResult test_result;
+  TestProperty property_1("key_1", "1");
+  TestProperty property_2("key_2", "2");
+  TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, "testcase", property_1);
+  TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, "testcase", property_2);
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, test_result.test_property_count());
+  const TestProperty& actual_property_1 = test_result.GetTestProperty(0);
+  EXPECT_STREQ("key_1", actual_property_1.key());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("1", actual_property_1.value());
+
+  const TestProperty& actual_property_2 = test_result.GetTestProperty(1);
+  EXPECT_STREQ("key_2", actual_property_2.key());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("2", actual_property_2.value());
+}
+
+// Tests TestResult::RecordProperty() overrides values for duplicate keys.
+TEST(TestResultPropertyTest, OverridesValuesForDuplicateKeys) {
+  TestResult test_result;
+  TestProperty property_1_1("key_1", "1");
+  TestProperty property_2_1("key_2", "2");
+  TestProperty property_1_2("key_1", "12");
+  TestProperty property_2_2("key_2", "22");
+  TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, "testcase", property_1_1);
+  TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, "testcase", property_2_1);
+  TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, "testcase", property_1_2);
+  TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, "testcase", property_2_2);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, test_result.test_property_count());
+  const TestProperty& actual_property_1 = test_result.GetTestProperty(0);
+  EXPECT_STREQ("key_1", actual_property_1.key());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("12", actual_property_1.value());
+
+  const TestProperty& actual_property_2 = test_result.GetTestProperty(1);
+  EXPECT_STREQ("key_2", actual_property_2.key());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("22", actual_property_2.value());
+}
+
+// Tests TestResult::GetTestProperty().
+TEST(TestResultPropertyTest, GetTestProperty) {
+  TestResult test_result;
+  TestProperty property_1("key_1", "1");
+  TestProperty property_2("key_2", "2");
+  TestProperty property_3("key_3", "3");
+  TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, "testcase", property_1);
+  TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, "testcase", property_2);
+  TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, "testcase", property_3);
+
+  const TestProperty& fetched_property_1 = test_result.GetTestProperty(0);
+  const TestProperty& fetched_property_2 = test_result.GetTestProperty(1);
+  const TestProperty& fetched_property_3 = test_result.GetTestProperty(2);
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ("key_1", fetched_property_1.key());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("1", fetched_property_1.value());
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ("key_2", fetched_property_2.key());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("2", fetched_property_2.value());
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ("key_3", fetched_property_3.key());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("3", fetched_property_3.value());
+
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(test_result.GetTestProperty(3), "");
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(test_result.GetTestProperty(-1), "");
+}
+
+// Tests the Test class.
+//
+// It's difficult to test every public method of this class (we are
+// already stretching the limit of Google Test by using it to test itself!).
+// Fortunately, we don't have to do that, as we are already testing
+// the functionalities of the Test class extensively by using Google Test
+// alone.
+//
+// Therefore, this section only contains one test.
+
+// Tests that GTestFlagSaver works on Windows and Mac.
+
+class GTestFlagSaverTest : public Test {
+ protected:
+  // Saves the Google Test flags such that we can restore them later, and
+  // then sets them to their default values.  This will be called
+  // before the first test in this test case is run.
+  static void SetUpTestCase() {
+    saver_ = new GTestFlagSaver;
+
+    GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests) = false;
+    GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure) = false;
+    GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions) = false;
+    GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork) = false;
+    GTEST_FLAG(color) = "auto";
+    GTEST_FLAG(filter) = "";
+    GTEST_FLAG(list_tests) = false;
+    GTEST_FLAG(output) = "";
+    GTEST_FLAG(print_time) = true;
+    GTEST_FLAG(random_seed) = 0;
+    GTEST_FLAG(repeat) = 1;
+    GTEST_FLAG(shuffle) = false;
+    GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth) = kMaxStackTraceDepth;
+    GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to) = "";
+    GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = false;
+  }
+
+  // Restores the Google Test flags that the tests have modified.  This will
+  // be called after the last test in this test case is run.
+  static void TearDownTestCase() {
+    delete saver_;
+    saver_ = NULL;
+  }
+
+  // Verifies that the Google Test flags have their default values, and then
+  // modifies each of them.
+  void VerifyAndModifyFlags() {
+    EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions));
+    EXPECT_STREQ("auto", GTEST_FLAG(color).c_str());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork));
+    EXPECT_STREQ("", GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_FLAG(list_tests));
+    EXPECT_STREQ("", GTEST_FLAG(output).c_str());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(GTEST_FLAG(print_time));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, GTEST_FLAG(random_seed));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, GTEST_FLAG(repeat));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_FLAG(shuffle));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMaxStackTraceDepth, GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth));
+    EXPECT_STREQ("", GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to).c_str());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure));
+
+    GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests) = true;
+    GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure) = true;
+    GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions) = true;
+    GTEST_FLAG(color) = "no";
+    GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork) = true;
+    GTEST_FLAG(filter) = "abc";
+    GTEST_FLAG(list_tests) = true;
+    GTEST_FLAG(output) = "xml:foo.xml";
+    GTEST_FLAG(print_time) = false;
+    GTEST_FLAG(random_seed) = 1;
+    GTEST_FLAG(repeat) = 100;
+    GTEST_FLAG(shuffle) = true;
+    GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth) = 1;
+    GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to) = "localhost:1234";
+    GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = true;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // For saving Google Test flags during this test case.
+  static GTestFlagSaver* saver_;
+};
+
+GTestFlagSaver* GTestFlagSaverTest::saver_ = NULL;
+
+// Google Test doesn't guarantee the order of tests.  The following two
+// tests are designed to work regardless of their order.
+
+// Modifies the Google Test flags in the test body.
+TEST_F(GTestFlagSaverTest, ModifyGTestFlags) {
+  VerifyAndModifyFlags();
+}
+
+// Verifies that the Google Test flags in the body of the previous test were
+// restored to their original values.
+TEST_F(GTestFlagSaverTest, VerifyGTestFlags) {
+  VerifyAndModifyFlags();
+}
+
+// Sets an environment variable with the given name to the given
+// value.  If the value argument is "", unsets the environment
+// variable.  The caller must ensure that both arguments are not NULL.
+static void SetEnv(const char* name, const char* value) {
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+  // Environment variables are not supported on Windows CE.
+  return;
+#elif defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__SunOS_5_8) || defined(__SunOS_5_9)
+  // C++Builder's putenv only stores a pointer to its parameter; we have to
+  // ensure that the string remains valid as long as it might be needed.
+  // We use an std::map to do so.
+  static std::map<std::string, std::string*> added_env;
+
+  // Because putenv stores a pointer to the string buffer, we can't delete the
+  // previous string (if present) until after it's replaced.
+  std::string *prev_env = NULL;
+  if (added_env.find(name) != added_env.end()) {
+    prev_env = added_env[name];
+  }
+  added_env[name] = new std::string(
+      (Message() << name << "=" << value).GetString());
+
+  // The standard signature of putenv accepts a 'char*' argument. Other
+  // implementations, like C++Builder's, accept a 'const char*'.
+  // We cast away the 'const' since that would work for both variants.
+  putenv(const_cast<char*>(added_env[name]->c_str()));
+  delete prev_env;
+#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS  // If we are on Windows proper.
+  _putenv((Message() << name << "=" << value).GetString().c_str());
+#else
+  if (*value == '\0') {
+    unsetenv(name);
+  } else {
+    setenv(name, value, 1);
+  }
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+}
+
+#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+// Environment variables are not supported on Windows CE.
+
+using testing::internal::Int32FromGTestEnv;
+
+// Tests Int32FromGTestEnv().
+
+// Tests that Int32FromGTestEnv() returns the default value when the
+// environment variable is not set.
+TEST(Int32FromGTestEnvTest, ReturnsDefaultWhenVariableIsNotSet) {
+  SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "TEMP", "");
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, Int32FromGTestEnv("temp", 10));
+}
+
+# if !defined(GTEST_GET_INT32_FROM_ENV_)
+
+// Tests that Int32FromGTestEnv() returns the default value when the
+// environment variable overflows as an Int32.
+TEST(Int32FromGTestEnvTest, ReturnsDefaultWhenValueOverflows) {
+  printf("(expecting 2 warnings)\n");
+
+  SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "TEMP", "12345678987654321");
+  EXPECT_EQ(20, Int32FromGTestEnv("temp", 20));
+
+  SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "TEMP", "-12345678987654321");
+  EXPECT_EQ(30, Int32FromGTestEnv("temp", 30));
+}
+
+// Tests that Int32FromGTestEnv() returns the default value when the
+// environment variable does not represent a valid decimal integer.
+TEST(Int32FromGTestEnvTest, ReturnsDefaultWhenValueIsInvalid) {
+  printf("(expecting 2 warnings)\n");
+
+  SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "TEMP", "A1");
+  EXPECT_EQ(40, Int32FromGTestEnv("temp", 40));
+
+  SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "TEMP", "12X");
+  EXPECT_EQ(50, Int32FromGTestEnv("temp", 50));
+}
+
+# endif  // !defined(GTEST_GET_INT32_FROM_ENV_)
+
+// Tests that Int32FromGTestEnv() parses and returns the value of the
+// environment variable when it represents a valid decimal integer in
+// the range of an Int32.
+TEST(Int32FromGTestEnvTest, ParsesAndReturnsValidValue) {
+  SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "TEMP", "123");
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, Int32FromGTestEnv("temp", 0));
+
+  SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "TEMP", "-321");
+  EXPECT_EQ(-321, Int32FromGTestEnv("temp", 0));
+}
+#endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+// Tests ParseInt32Flag().
+
+// Tests that ParseInt32Flag() returns false and doesn't change the
+// output value when the flag has wrong format
+TEST(ParseInt32FlagTest, ReturnsFalseForInvalidFlag) {
+  Int32 value = 123;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ParseInt32Flag("--a=100", "b", &value));
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, value);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ParseInt32Flag("a=100", "a", &value));
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, value);
+}
+
+// Tests that ParseInt32Flag() returns false and doesn't change the
+// output value when the flag overflows as an Int32.
+TEST(ParseInt32FlagTest, ReturnsDefaultWhenValueOverflows) {
+  printf("(expecting 2 warnings)\n");
+
+  Int32 value = 123;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ParseInt32Flag("--abc=12345678987654321", "abc", &value));
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, value);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ParseInt32Flag("--abc=-12345678987654321", "abc", &value));
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, value);
+}
+
+// Tests that ParseInt32Flag() returns false and doesn't change the
+// output value when the flag does not represent a valid decimal
+// integer.
+TEST(ParseInt32FlagTest, ReturnsDefaultWhenValueIsInvalid) {
+  printf("(expecting 2 warnings)\n");
+
+  Int32 value = 123;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ParseInt32Flag("--abc=A1", "abc", &value));
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, value);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ParseInt32Flag("--abc=12X", "abc", &value));
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, value);
+}
+
+// Tests that ParseInt32Flag() parses the value of the flag and
+// returns true when the flag represents a valid decimal integer in
+// the range of an Int32.
+TEST(ParseInt32FlagTest, ParsesAndReturnsValidValue) {
+  Int32 value = 123;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ParseInt32Flag("--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "abc=456", "abc", &value));
+  EXPECT_EQ(456, value);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ParseInt32Flag("--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "abc=-789",
+                             "abc", &value));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-789, value);
+}
+
+// Tests that Int32FromEnvOrDie() parses the value of the var or
+// returns the correct default.
+// Environment variables are not supported on Windows CE.
+#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+TEST(Int32FromEnvOrDieTest, ParsesAndReturnsValidValue) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(333, Int32FromEnvOrDie(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "UnsetVar", 333));
+  SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "UnsetVar", "123");
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, Int32FromEnvOrDie(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "UnsetVar", 333));
+  SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "UnsetVar", "-123");
+  EXPECT_EQ(-123, Int32FromEnvOrDie(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "UnsetVar", 333));
+}
+#endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+// Tests that Int32FromEnvOrDie() aborts with an error message
+// if the variable is not an Int32.
+TEST(Int32FromEnvOrDieDeathTest, AbortsOnFailure) {
+  SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "VAR", "xxx");
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(
+      Int32FromEnvOrDie(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "VAR", 123),
+      ".*");
+}
+
+// Tests that Int32FromEnvOrDie() aborts with an error message
+// if the variable cannot be represnted by an Int32.
+TEST(Int32FromEnvOrDieDeathTest, AbortsOnInt32Overflow) {
+  SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "VAR", "1234567891234567891234");
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(
+      Int32FromEnvOrDie(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "VAR", 123),
+      ".*");
+}
+
+// Tests that ShouldRunTestOnShard() selects all tests
+// where there is 1 shard.
+TEST(ShouldRunTestOnShardTest, IsPartitionWhenThereIsOneShard) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldRunTestOnShard(1, 0, 0));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldRunTestOnShard(1, 0, 1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldRunTestOnShard(1, 0, 2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldRunTestOnShard(1, 0, 3));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldRunTestOnShard(1, 0, 4));
+}
+
+class ShouldShardTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    index_var_ = GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "INDEX";
+    total_var_ = GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "TOTAL";
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    SetEnv(index_var_, "");
+    SetEnv(total_var_, "");
+  }
+
+  const char* index_var_;
+  const char* total_var_;
+};
+
+// Tests that sharding is disabled if neither of the environment variables
+// are set.
+TEST_F(ShouldShardTest, ReturnsFalseWhenNeitherEnvVarIsSet) {
+  SetEnv(index_var_, "");
+  SetEnv(total_var_, "");
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, true));
+}
+
+// Tests that sharding is not enabled if total_shards  == 1.
+TEST_F(ShouldShardTest, ReturnsFalseWhenTotalShardIsOne) {
+  SetEnv(index_var_, "0");
+  SetEnv(total_var_, "1");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, true));
+}
+
+// Tests that sharding is enabled if total_shards > 1 and
+// we are not in a death test subprocess.
+// Environment variables are not supported on Windows CE.
+#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+TEST_F(ShouldShardTest, WorksWhenShardEnvVarsAreValid) {
+  SetEnv(index_var_, "4");
+  SetEnv(total_var_, "22");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, true));
+
+  SetEnv(index_var_, "8");
+  SetEnv(total_var_, "9");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, true));
+
+  SetEnv(index_var_, "0");
+  SetEnv(total_var_, "9");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, true));
+}
+#endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+// Tests that we exit in error if the sharding values are not valid.
+
+typedef ShouldShardTest ShouldShardDeathTest;
+
+TEST_F(ShouldShardDeathTest, AbortsWhenShardingEnvVarsAreInvalid) {
+  SetEnv(index_var_, "4");
+  SetEnv(total_var_, "4");
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false), ".*");
+
+  SetEnv(index_var_, "4");
+  SetEnv(total_var_, "-2");
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false), ".*");
+
+  SetEnv(index_var_, "5");
+  SetEnv(total_var_, "");
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false), ".*");
+
+  SetEnv(index_var_, "");
+  SetEnv(total_var_, "5");
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false), ".*");
+}
+
+// Tests that ShouldRunTestOnShard is a partition when 5
+// shards are used.
+TEST(ShouldRunTestOnShardTest, IsPartitionWhenThereAreFiveShards) {
+  // Choose an arbitrary number of tests and shards.
+  const int num_tests = 17;
+  const int num_shards = 5;
+
+  // Check partitioning: each test should be on exactly 1 shard.
+  for (int test_id = 0; test_id < num_tests; test_id++) {
+    int prev_selected_shard_index = -1;
+    for (int shard_index = 0; shard_index < num_shards; shard_index++) {
+      if (ShouldRunTestOnShard(num_shards, shard_index, test_id)) {
+        if (prev_selected_shard_index < 0) {
+          prev_selected_shard_index = shard_index;
+        } else {
+          ADD_FAILURE() << "Shard " << prev_selected_shard_index << " and "
+            << shard_index << " are both selected to run test " << test_id;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Check balance: This is not required by the sharding protocol, but is a
+  // desirable property for performance.
+  for (int shard_index = 0; shard_index < num_shards; shard_index++) {
+    int num_tests_on_shard = 0;
+    for (int test_id = 0; test_id < num_tests; test_id++) {
+      num_tests_on_shard +=
+        ShouldRunTestOnShard(num_shards, shard_index, test_id);
+    }
+    EXPECT_GE(num_tests_on_shard, num_tests / num_shards);
+  }
+}
+
+// For the same reason we are not explicitly testing everything in the
+// Test class, there are no separate tests for the following classes
+// (except for some trivial cases):
+//
+//   TestCase, UnitTest, UnitTestResultPrinter.
+//
+// Similarly, there are no separate tests for the following macros:
+//
+//   TEST, TEST_F, RUN_ALL_TESTS
+
+TEST(UnitTestTest, CanGetOriginalWorkingDir) {
+  ASSERT_TRUE(UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir() != NULL);
+  EXPECT_STRNE(UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir(), "");
+}
+
+TEST(UnitTestTest, ReturnsPlausibleTimestamp) {
+  EXPECT_LT(0, UnitTest::GetInstance()->start_timestamp());
+  EXPECT_LE(UnitTest::GetInstance()->start_timestamp(), GetTimeInMillis());
+}
+
+// When a property using a reserved key is supplied to this function, it
+// tests that a non-fatal failure is added, a fatal failure is not added,
+// and that the property is not recorded.
+void ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKey(
+    const TestResult& test_result, const char* key) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(Test::RecordProperty(key, "1"), "Reserved key");
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, test_result.test_property_count()) << "Property for key '" << key
+                                                  << "' recorded unexpectedly.";
+}
+
+void ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTest(
+    const char* key) {
+  const TestInfo* test_info = UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(test_info != NULL);
+  ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKey(*test_info->result(),
+                                                        key);
+}
+
+void ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTestCase(
+    const char* key) {
+  const TestCase* test_case = UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_case();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(test_case != NULL);
+  ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKey(
+      test_case->ad_hoc_test_result(), key);
+}
+
+void ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyOutsideOfTestCase(
+    const char* key) {
+  ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKey(
+      UnitTest::GetInstance()->ad_hoc_test_result(), key);
+}
+
+// Tests that property recording functions in UnitTest outside of tests
+// functions correcly.  Creating a separate instance of UnitTest ensures it
+// is in a state similar to the UnitTest's singleton's between tests.
+class UnitTestRecordPropertyTest :
+    public testing::internal::UnitTestRecordPropertyTestHelper {
+ public:
+  static void SetUpTestCase() {
+    ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTestCase(
+        "disabled");
+    ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTestCase(
+        "errors");
+    ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTestCase(
+        "failures");
+    ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTestCase(
+        "name");
+    ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTestCase(
+        "tests");
+    ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTestCase(
+        "time");
+
+    Test::RecordProperty("test_case_key_1", "1");
+    const TestCase* test_case = UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_case();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(test_case != NULL);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, test_case->ad_hoc_test_result().test_property_count());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("test_case_key_1",
+                 test_case->ad_hoc_test_result().GetTestProperty(0).key());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("1",
+                 test_case->ad_hoc_test_result().GetTestProperty(0).value());
+  }
+};
+
+// Tests TestResult has the expected property when added.
+TEST_F(UnitTestRecordPropertyTest, OnePropertyFoundWhenAdded) {
+  UnitTestRecordProperty("key_1", "1");
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().test_property_count());
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ("key_1",
+               unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().GetTestProperty(0).key());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("1",
+               unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().GetTestProperty(0).value());
+}
+
+// Tests TestResult has multiple properties when added.
+TEST_F(UnitTestRecordPropertyTest, MultiplePropertiesFoundWhenAdded) {
+  UnitTestRecordProperty("key_1", "1");
+  UnitTestRecordProperty("key_2", "2");
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().test_property_count());
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ("key_1",
+               unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().GetTestProperty(0).key());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("1", unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().GetTestProperty(0).value());
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ("key_2",
+               unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().GetTestProperty(1).key());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("2", unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().GetTestProperty(1).value());
+}
+
+// Tests TestResult::RecordProperty() overrides values for duplicate keys.
+TEST_F(UnitTestRecordPropertyTest, OverridesValuesForDuplicateKeys) {
+  UnitTestRecordProperty("key_1", "1");
+  UnitTestRecordProperty("key_2", "2");
+  UnitTestRecordProperty("key_1", "12");
+  UnitTestRecordProperty("key_2", "22");
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().test_property_count());
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ("key_1",
+               unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().GetTestProperty(0).key());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("12",
+               unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().GetTestProperty(0).value());
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ("key_2",
+               unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().GetTestProperty(1).key());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("22",
+               unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().GetTestProperty(1).value());
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnitTestRecordPropertyTest,
+       AddFailureInsideTestsWhenUsingTestCaseReservedKeys) {
+  ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTest(
+      "name");
+  ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTest(
+      "value_param");
+  ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTest(
+      "type_param");
+  ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTest(
+      "status");
+  ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTest(
+      "time");
+  ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTest(
+      "classname");
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnitTestRecordPropertyTest,
+       AddRecordWithReservedKeysGeneratesCorrectPropertyList) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
+      Test::RecordProperty("name", "1"),
+      "'classname', 'name', 'status', 'time', 'type_param', and 'value_param'"
+      " are reserved");
+}
+
+class UnitTestRecordPropertyTestEnvironment : public Environment {
+ public:
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyOutsideOfTestCase(
+        "tests");
+    ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyOutsideOfTestCase(
+        "failures");
+    ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyOutsideOfTestCase(
+        "disabled");
+    ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyOutsideOfTestCase(
+        "errors");
+    ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyOutsideOfTestCase(
+        "name");
+    ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyOutsideOfTestCase(
+        "timestamp");
+    ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyOutsideOfTestCase(
+        "time");
+    ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyOutsideOfTestCase(
+        "random_seed");
+  }
+};
+
+// This will test property recording outside of any test or test case.
+static Environment* record_property_env =
+    AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new UnitTestRecordPropertyTestEnvironment);
+
+// This group of tests is for predicate assertions (ASSERT_PRED*, etc)
+// of various arities.  They do not attempt to be exhaustive.  Rather,
+// view them as smoke tests that can be easily reviewed and verified.
+// A more complete set of tests for predicate assertions can be found
+// in gtest_pred_impl_unittest.cc.
+
+// First, some predicates and predicate-formatters needed by the tests.
+
+// Returns true iff the argument is an even number.
+bool IsEven(int n) {
+  return (n % 2) == 0;
+}
+
+// A functor that returns true iff the argument is an even number.
+struct IsEvenFunctor {
+  bool operator()(int n) { return IsEven(n); }
+};
+
+// A predicate-formatter function that asserts the argument is an even
+// number.
+AssertionResult AssertIsEven(const char* expr, int n) {
+  if (IsEven(n)) {
+    return AssertionSuccess();
+  }
+
+  Message msg;
+  msg << expr << " evaluates to " << n << ", which is not even.";
+  return AssertionFailure(msg);
+}
+
+// A predicate function that returns AssertionResult for use in
+// EXPECT/ASSERT_TRUE/FALSE.
+AssertionResult ResultIsEven(int n) {
+  if (IsEven(n))
+    return AssertionSuccess() << n << " is even";
+  else
+    return AssertionFailure() << n << " is odd";
+}
+
+// A predicate function that returns AssertionResult but gives no
+// explanation why it succeeds. Needed for testing that
+// EXPECT/ASSERT_FALSE handles such functions correctly.
+AssertionResult ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(int n) {
+  if (IsEven(n))
+    return AssertionSuccess();
+  else
+    return AssertionFailure() << n << " is odd";
+}
+
+// A predicate-formatter functor that asserts the argument is an even
+// number.
+struct AssertIsEvenFunctor {
+  AssertionResult operator()(const char* expr, int n) {
+    return AssertIsEven(expr, n);
+  }
+};
+
+// Returns true iff the sum of the arguments is an even number.
+bool SumIsEven2(int n1, int n2) {
+  return IsEven(n1 + n2);
+}
+
+// A functor that returns true iff the sum of the arguments is an even
+// number.
+struct SumIsEven3Functor {
+  bool operator()(int n1, int n2, int n3) {
+    return IsEven(n1 + n2 + n3);
+  }
+};
+
+// A predicate-formatter function that asserts the sum of the
+// arguments is an even number.
+AssertionResult AssertSumIsEven4(
+    const char* e1, const char* e2, const char* e3, const char* e4,
+    int n1, int n2, int n3, int n4) {
+  const int sum = n1 + n2 + n3 + n4;
+  if (IsEven(sum)) {
+    return AssertionSuccess();
+  }
+
+  Message msg;
+  msg << e1 << " + " << e2 << " + " << e3 << " + " << e4
+      << " (" << n1 << " + " << n2 << " + " << n3 << " + " << n4
+      << ") evaluates to " << sum << ", which is not even.";
+  return AssertionFailure(msg);
+}
+
+// A predicate-formatter functor that asserts the sum of the arguments
+// is an even number.
+struct AssertSumIsEven5Functor {
+  AssertionResult operator()(
+      const char* e1, const char* e2, const char* e3, const char* e4,
+      const char* e5, int n1, int n2, int n3, int n4, int n5) {
+    const int sum = n1 + n2 + n3 + n4 + n5;
+    if (IsEven(sum)) {
+      return AssertionSuccess();
+    }
+
+    Message msg;
+    msg << e1 << " + " << e2 << " + " << e3 << " + " << e4 << " + " << e5
+        << " ("
+        << n1 << " + " << n2 << " + " << n3 << " + " << n4 << " + " << n5
+        << ") evaluates to " << sum << ", which is not even.";
+    return AssertionFailure(msg);
+  }
+};
+
+
+// Tests unary predicate assertions.
+
+// Tests unary predicate assertions that don't use a custom formatter.
+TEST(Pred1Test, WithoutFormat) {
+  // Success cases.
+  EXPECT_PRED1(IsEvenFunctor(), 2) << "This failure is UNEXPECTED!";
+  ASSERT_PRED1(IsEven, 4);
+
+  // Failure cases.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED1(IsEven, 5) << "This failure is expected.";
+  }, "This failure is expected.");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_PRED1(IsEvenFunctor(), 5),
+                       "evaluates to false");
+}
+
+// Tests unary predicate assertions that use a custom formatter.
+TEST(Pred1Test, WithFormat) {
+  // Success cases.
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(AssertIsEven, 2);
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(AssertIsEvenFunctor(), 4)
+    << "This failure is UNEXPECTED!";
+
+  // Failure cases.
+  const int n = 5;
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(AssertIsEvenFunctor(), n),
+                          "n evaluates to 5, which is not even.");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(AssertIsEven, 5) << "This failure is expected.";
+  }, "This failure is expected.");
+}
+
+// Tests that unary predicate assertions evaluates their arguments
+// exactly once.
+TEST(Pred1Test, SingleEvaluationOnFailure) {
+  // A success case.
+  static int n = 0;
+  EXPECT_PRED1(IsEven, n++);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, n) << "The argument is not evaluated exactly once.";
+
+  // A failure case.
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(AssertIsEvenFunctor(), n++)
+        << "This failure is expected.";
+  }, "This failure is expected.");
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, n) << "The argument is not evaluated exactly once.";
+}
+
+
+// Tests predicate assertions whose arity is >= 2.
+
+// Tests predicate assertions that don't use a custom formatter.
+TEST(PredTest, WithoutFormat) {
+  // Success cases.
+  ASSERT_PRED2(SumIsEven2, 2, 4) << "This failure is UNEXPECTED!";
+  EXPECT_PRED3(SumIsEven3Functor(), 4, 6, 8);
+
+  // Failure cases.
+  const int n1 = 1;
+  const int n2 = 2;
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED2(SumIsEven2, n1, n2) << "This failure is expected.";
+  }, "This failure is expected.");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED3(SumIsEven3Functor(), 1, 2, 4);
+  }, "evaluates to false");
+}
+
+// Tests predicate assertions that use a custom formatter.
+TEST(PredTest, WithFormat) {
+  // Success cases.
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4(AssertSumIsEven4, 4, 6, 8, 10) <<
+    "This failure is UNEXPECTED!";
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5(AssertSumIsEven5Functor(), 2, 4, 6, 8, 10);
+
+  // Failure cases.
+  const int n1 = 1;
+  const int n2 = 2;
+  const int n3 = 4;
+  const int n4 = 6;
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4(AssertSumIsEven4, n1, n2, n3, n4);
+  }, "evaluates to 13, which is not even.");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5(AssertSumIsEven5Functor(), 1, 2, 4, 6, 8)
+        << "This failure is expected.";
+  }, "This failure is expected.");
+}
+
+// Tests that predicate assertions evaluates their arguments
+// exactly once.
+TEST(PredTest, SingleEvaluationOnFailure) {
+  // A success case.
+  int n1 = 0;
+  int n2 = 0;
+  EXPECT_PRED2(SumIsEven2, n1++, n2++);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, n1) << "Argument 1 is not evaluated exactly once.";
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, n2) << "Argument 2 is not evaluated exactly once.";
+
+  // Another success case.
+  n1 = n2 = 0;
+  int n3 = 0;
+  int n4 = 0;
+  int n5 = 0;
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5(AssertSumIsEven5Functor(),
+                      n1++, n2++, n3++, n4++, n5++)
+                        << "This failure is UNEXPECTED!";
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, n1) << "Argument 1 is not evaluated exactly once.";
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, n2) << "Argument 2 is not evaluated exactly once.";
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, n3) << "Argument 3 is not evaluated exactly once.";
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, n4) << "Argument 4 is not evaluated exactly once.";
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, n5) << "Argument 5 is not evaluated exactly once.";
+
+  // A failure case.
+  n1 = n2 = n3 = 0;
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED3(SumIsEven3Functor(), ++n1, n2++, n3++)
+        << "This failure is expected.";
+  }, "This failure is expected.");
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, n1) << "Argument 1 is not evaluated exactly once.";
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, n2) << "Argument 2 is not evaluated exactly once.";
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, n3) << "Argument 3 is not evaluated exactly once.";
+
+  // Another failure case.
+  n1 = n2 = n3 = n4 = 0;
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4(AssertSumIsEven4, ++n1, n2++, n3++, n4++);
+  }, "evaluates to 1, which is not even.");
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, n1) << "Argument 1 is not evaluated exactly once.";
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, n2) << "Argument 2 is not evaluated exactly once.";
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, n3) << "Argument 3 is not evaluated exactly once.";
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, n4) << "Argument 4 is not evaluated exactly once.";
+}
+
+
+// Some helper functions for testing using overloaded/template
+// functions with ASSERT_PREDn and EXPECT_PREDn.
+
+bool IsPositive(double x) {
+  return x > 0;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+bool IsNegative(T x) {
+  return x < 0;
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+bool GreaterThan(T1 x1, T2 x2) {
+  return x1 > x2;
+}
+
+// Tests that overloaded functions can be used in *_PRED* as long as
+// their types are explicitly specified.
+TEST(PredicateAssertionTest, AcceptsOverloadedFunction) {
+  // C++Builder requires C-style casts rather than static_cast.
+  EXPECT_PRED1((bool (*)(int))(IsPositive), 5);  // NOLINT
+  ASSERT_PRED1((bool (*)(double))(IsPositive), 6.0);  // NOLINT
+}
+
+// Tests that template functions can be used in *_PRED* as long as
+// their types are explicitly specified.
+TEST(PredicateAssertionTest, AcceptsTemplateFunction) {
+  EXPECT_PRED1(IsNegative<int>, -5);
+  // Makes sure that we can handle templates with more than one
+  // parameter.
+  ASSERT_PRED2((GreaterThan<int, int>), 5, 0);
+}
+
+
+// Some helper functions for testing using overloaded/template
+// functions with ASSERT_PRED_FORMATn and EXPECT_PRED_FORMATn.
+
+AssertionResult IsPositiveFormat(const char* /* expr */, int n) {
+  return n > 0 ? AssertionSuccess() :
+      AssertionFailure(Message() << "Failure");
+}
+
+AssertionResult IsPositiveFormat(const char* /* expr */, double x) {
+  return x > 0 ? AssertionSuccess() :
+      AssertionFailure(Message() << "Failure");
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+AssertionResult IsNegativeFormat(const char* /* expr */, T x) {
+  return x < 0 ? AssertionSuccess() :
+      AssertionFailure(Message() << "Failure");
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+AssertionResult EqualsFormat(const char* /* expr1 */, const char* /* expr2 */,
+                             const T1& x1, const T2& x2) {
+  return x1 == x2 ? AssertionSuccess() :
+      AssertionFailure(Message() << "Failure");
+}
+
+// Tests that overloaded functions can be used in *_PRED_FORMAT*
+// without explicitly specifying their types.
+TEST(PredicateFormatAssertionTest, AcceptsOverloadedFunction) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(IsPositiveFormat, 5);
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(IsPositiveFormat, 6.0);
+}
+
+// Tests that template functions can be used in *_PRED_FORMAT* without
+// explicitly specifying their types.
+TEST(PredicateFormatAssertionTest, AcceptsTemplateFunction) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(IsNegativeFormat, -5);
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(EqualsFormat, 3, 3);
+}
+
+
+// Tests string assertions.
+
+// Tests ASSERT_STREQ with non-NULL arguments.
+TEST(StringAssertionTest, ASSERT_STREQ) {
+  const char * const p1 = "good";
+  ASSERT_STREQ(p1, p1);
+
+  // Let p2 have the same content as p1, but be at a different address.
+  const char p2[] = "good";
+  ASSERT_STREQ(p1, p2);
+
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STREQ("bad", "good"),
+                       "Expected: \"bad\"");
+}
+
+// Tests ASSERT_STREQ with NULL arguments.
+TEST(StringAssertionTest, ASSERT_STREQ_Null) {
+  ASSERT_STREQ(static_cast<const char *>(NULL), NULL);
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STREQ(NULL, "non-null"),
+                       "non-null");
+}
+
+// Tests ASSERT_STREQ with NULL arguments.
+TEST(StringAssertionTest, ASSERT_STREQ_Null2) {
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STREQ("non-null", NULL),
+                       "non-null");
+}
+
+// Tests ASSERT_STRNE.
+TEST(StringAssertionTest, ASSERT_STRNE) {
+  ASSERT_STRNE("hi", "Hi");
+  ASSERT_STRNE("Hi", NULL);
+  ASSERT_STRNE(NULL, "Hi");
+  ASSERT_STRNE("", NULL);
+  ASSERT_STRNE(NULL, "");
+  ASSERT_STRNE("", "Hi");
+  ASSERT_STRNE("Hi", "");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STRNE("Hi", "Hi"),
+                       "\"Hi\" vs \"Hi\"");
+}
+
+// Tests ASSERT_STRCASEEQ.
+TEST(StringAssertionTest, ASSERT_STRCASEEQ) {
+  ASSERT_STRCASEEQ("hi", "Hi");
+  ASSERT_STRCASEEQ(static_cast<const char *>(NULL), NULL);
+
+  ASSERT_STRCASEEQ("", "");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STRCASEEQ("Hi", "hi2"),
+                       "Ignoring case");
+}
+
+// Tests ASSERT_STRCASENE.
+TEST(StringAssertionTest, ASSERT_STRCASENE) {
+  ASSERT_STRCASENE("hi1", "Hi2");
+  ASSERT_STRCASENE("Hi", NULL);
+  ASSERT_STRCASENE(NULL, "Hi");
+  ASSERT_STRCASENE("", NULL);
+  ASSERT_STRCASENE(NULL, "");
+  ASSERT_STRCASENE("", "Hi");
+  ASSERT_STRCASENE("Hi", "");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STRCASENE("Hi", "hi"),
+                       "(ignoring case)");
+}
+
+// Tests *_STREQ on wide strings.
+TEST(StringAssertionTest, STREQ_Wide) {
+  // NULL strings.
+  ASSERT_STREQ(static_cast<const wchar_t *>(NULL), NULL);
+
+  // Empty strings.
+  ASSERT_STREQ(L"", L"");
+
+  // Non-null vs NULL.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STREQ(L"non-null", NULL),
+                          "non-null");
+
+  // Equal strings.
+  EXPECT_STREQ(L"Hi", L"Hi");
+
+  // Unequal strings.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STREQ(L"abc", L"Abc"),
+                          "Abc");
+
+  // Strings containing wide characters.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STREQ(L"abc\x8119", L"abc\x8120"),
+                          "abc");
+
+  // The streaming variation.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_STREQ(L"abc\x8119", L"abc\x8121") << "Expected failure";
+  }, "Expected failure");
+}
+
+// Tests *_STRNE on wide strings.
+TEST(StringAssertionTest, STRNE_Wide) {
+  // NULL strings.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_STRNE(static_cast<const wchar_t *>(NULL), NULL);
+  }, "");
+
+  // Empty strings.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STRNE(L"", L""),
+                          "L\"\"");
+
+  // Non-null vs NULL.
+  ASSERT_STRNE(L"non-null", NULL);
+
+  // Equal strings.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STRNE(L"Hi", L"Hi"),
+                          "L\"Hi\"");
+
+  // Unequal strings.
+  EXPECT_STRNE(L"abc", L"Abc");
+
+  // Strings containing wide characters.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STRNE(L"abc\x8119", L"abc\x8119"),
+                          "abc");
+
+  // The streaming variation.
+  ASSERT_STRNE(L"abc\x8119", L"abc\x8120") << "This shouldn't happen";
+}
+
+// Tests for ::testing::IsSubstring().
+
+// Tests that IsSubstring() returns the correct result when the input
+// argument type is const char*.
+TEST(IsSubstringTest, ReturnsCorrectResultForCString) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsSubstring("", "", NULL, "a"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsSubstring("", "", "b", NULL));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsSubstring("", "", "needle", "haystack"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsSubstring("", "", static_cast<const char*>(NULL), NULL));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsSubstring("", "", "needle", "two needles"));
+}
+
+// Tests that IsSubstring() returns the correct result when the input
+// argument type is const wchar_t*.
+TEST(IsSubstringTest, ReturnsCorrectResultForWideCString) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsSubstring("", "", kNull, L"a"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsSubstring("", "", L"b", kNull));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsSubstring("", "", L"needle", L"haystack"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsSubstring("", "", static_cast<const wchar_t*>(NULL), NULL));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsSubstring("", "", L"needle", L"two needles"));
+}
+
+// Tests that IsSubstring() generates the correct message when the input
+// argument type is const char*.
+TEST(IsSubstringTest, GeneratesCorrectMessageForCString) {
+  EXPECT_STREQ("Value of: needle_expr\n"
+               "  Actual: \"needle\"\n"
+               "Expected: a substring of haystack_expr\n"
+               "Which is: \"haystack\"",
+               IsSubstring("needle_expr", "haystack_expr",
+                           "needle", "haystack").failure_message());
+}
+
+// Tests that IsSubstring returns the correct result when the input
+// argument type is ::std::string.
+TEST(IsSubstringTest, ReturnsCorrectResultsForStdString) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsSubstring("", "", std::string("hello"), "ahellob"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsSubstring("", "", "hello", std::string("world")));
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+// Tests that IsSubstring returns the correct result when the input
+// argument type is ::std::wstring.
+TEST(IsSubstringTest, ReturnsCorrectResultForStdWstring) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsSubstring("", "", ::std::wstring(L"needle"), L"two needles"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsSubstring("", "", L"needle", ::std::wstring(L"haystack")));
+}
+
+// Tests that IsSubstring() generates the correct message when the input
+// argument type is ::std::wstring.
+TEST(IsSubstringTest, GeneratesCorrectMessageForWstring) {
+  EXPECT_STREQ("Value of: needle_expr\n"
+               "  Actual: L\"needle\"\n"
+               "Expected: a substring of haystack_expr\n"
+               "Which is: L\"haystack\"",
+               IsSubstring(
+                   "needle_expr", "haystack_expr",
+                   ::std::wstring(L"needle"), L"haystack").failure_message());
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+
+// Tests for ::testing::IsNotSubstring().
+
+// Tests that IsNotSubstring() returns the correct result when the input
+// argument type is const char*.
+TEST(IsNotSubstringTest, ReturnsCorrectResultForCString) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsNotSubstring("", "", "needle", "haystack"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsNotSubstring("", "", "needle", "two needles"));
+}
+
+// Tests that IsNotSubstring() returns the correct result when the input
+// argument type is const wchar_t*.
+TEST(IsNotSubstringTest, ReturnsCorrectResultForWideCString) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsNotSubstring("", "", L"needle", L"haystack"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsNotSubstring("", "", L"needle", L"two needles"));
+}
+
+// Tests that IsNotSubstring() generates the correct message when the input
+// argument type is const wchar_t*.
+TEST(IsNotSubstringTest, GeneratesCorrectMessageForWideCString) {
+  EXPECT_STREQ("Value of: needle_expr\n"
+               "  Actual: L\"needle\"\n"
+               "Expected: not a substring of haystack_expr\n"
+               "Which is: L\"two needles\"",
+               IsNotSubstring(
+                   "needle_expr", "haystack_expr",
+                   L"needle", L"two needles").failure_message());
+}
+
+// Tests that IsNotSubstring returns the correct result when the input
+// argument type is ::std::string.
+TEST(IsNotSubstringTest, ReturnsCorrectResultsForStdString) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsNotSubstring("", "", std::string("hello"), "ahellob"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsNotSubstring("", "", "hello", std::string("world")));
+}
+
+// Tests that IsNotSubstring() generates the correct message when the input
+// argument type is ::std::string.
+TEST(IsNotSubstringTest, GeneratesCorrectMessageForStdString) {
+  EXPECT_STREQ("Value of: needle_expr\n"
+               "  Actual: \"needle\"\n"
+               "Expected: not a substring of haystack_expr\n"
+               "Which is: \"two needles\"",
+               IsNotSubstring(
+                   "needle_expr", "haystack_expr",
+                   ::std::string("needle"), "two needles").failure_message());
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+
+// Tests that IsNotSubstring returns the correct result when the input
+// argument type is ::std::wstring.
+TEST(IsNotSubstringTest, ReturnsCorrectResultForStdWstring) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      IsNotSubstring("", "", ::std::wstring(L"needle"), L"two needles"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsNotSubstring("", "", L"needle", ::std::wstring(L"haystack")));
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+
+// Tests floating-point assertions.
+
+template <typename RawType>
+class FloatingPointTest : public Test {
+ protected:
+  // Pre-calculated numbers to be used by the tests.
+  struct TestValues {
+    RawType close_to_positive_zero;
+    RawType close_to_negative_zero;
+    RawType further_from_negative_zero;
+
+    RawType close_to_one;
+    RawType further_from_one;
+
+    RawType infinity;
+    RawType close_to_infinity;
+    RawType further_from_infinity;
+
+    RawType nan1;
+    RawType nan2;
+  };
+
+  typedef typename testing::internal::FloatingPoint<RawType> Floating;
+  typedef typename Floating::Bits Bits;
+
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    const size_t max_ulps = Floating::kMaxUlps;
+
+    // The bits that represent 0.0.
+    const Bits zero_bits = Floating(0).bits();
+
+    // Makes some numbers close to 0.0.
+    values_.close_to_positive_zero = Floating::ReinterpretBits(
+        zero_bits + max_ulps/2);
+    values_.close_to_negative_zero = -Floating::ReinterpretBits(
+        zero_bits + max_ulps - max_ulps/2);
+    values_.further_from_negative_zero = -Floating::ReinterpretBits(
+        zero_bits + max_ulps + 1 - max_ulps/2);
+
+    // The bits that represent 1.0.
+    const Bits one_bits = Floating(1).bits();
+
+    // Makes some numbers close to 1.0.
+    values_.close_to_one = Floating::ReinterpretBits(one_bits + max_ulps);
+    values_.further_from_one = Floating::ReinterpretBits(
+        one_bits + max_ulps + 1);
+
+    // +infinity.
+    values_.infinity = Floating::Infinity();
+
+    // The bits that represent +infinity.
+    const Bits infinity_bits = Floating(values_.infinity).bits();
+
+    // Makes some numbers close to infinity.
+    values_.close_to_infinity = Floating::ReinterpretBits(
+        infinity_bits - max_ulps);
+    values_.further_from_infinity = Floating::ReinterpretBits(
+        infinity_bits - max_ulps - 1);
+
+    // Makes some NAN's.  Sets the most significant bit of the fraction so that
+    // our NaN's are quiet; trying to process a signaling NaN would raise an
+    // exception if our environment enables floating point exceptions.
+    values_.nan1 = Floating::ReinterpretBits(Floating::kExponentBitMask
+        | (static_cast<Bits>(1) << (Floating::kFractionBitCount - 1)) | 1);
+    values_.nan2 = Floating::ReinterpretBits(Floating::kExponentBitMask
+        | (static_cast<Bits>(1) << (Floating::kFractionBitCount - 1)) | 200);
+  }
+
+  void TestSize() {
+    EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(RawType), sizeof(Bits));
+  }
+
+  static TestValues values_;
+};
+
+template <typename RawType>
+typename FloatingPointTest<RawType>::TestValues
+    FloatingPointTest<RawType>::values_;
+
+// Instantiates FloatingPointTest for testing *_FLOAT_EQ.
+typedef FloatingPointTest<float> FloatTest;
+
+// Tests that the size of Float::Bits matches the size of float.
+TEST_F(FloatTest, Size) {
+  TestSize();
+}
+
+// Tests comparing with +0 and -0.
+TEST_F(FloatTest, Zeros) {
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(0.0, -0.0);
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(-0.0, 1.0),
+                          "1.0");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(0.0, 1.5),
+                       "1.5");
+}
+
+// Tests comparing numbers close to 0.
+//
+// This ensures that *_FLOAT_EQ handles the sign correctly and no
+// overflow occurs when comparing numbers whose absolute value is very
+// small.
+TEST_F(FloatTest, AlmostZeros) {
+  // In C++Builder, names within local classes (such as used by
+  // EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE) cannot be resolved against static members of the
+  // scoping class.  Use a static local alias as a workaround.
+  // We use the assignment syntax since some compilers, like Sun Studio,
+  // don't allow initializing references using construction syntax
+  // (parentheses).
+  static const FloatTest::TestValues& v = this->values_;
+
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(0.0, v.close_to_positive_zero);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(-0.0, v.close_to_negative_zero);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(v.close_to_positive_zero, v.close_to_negative_zero);
+
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(v.close_to_positive_zero,
+                    v.further_from_negative_zero);
+  }, "v.further_from_negative_zero");
+}
+
+// Tests comparing numbers close to each other.
+TEST_F(FloatTest, SmallDiff) {
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(1.0, values_.close_to_one);
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(1.0, values_.further_from_one),
+                          "values_.further_from_one");
+}
+
+// Tests comparing numbers far apart.
+TEST_F(FloatTest, LargeDiff) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(2.5, 3.0),
+                          "3.0");
+}
+
+// Tests comparing with infinity.
+//
+// This ensures that no overflow occurs when comparing numbers whose
+// absolute value is very large.
+TEST_F(FloatTest, Infinity) {
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(values_.infinity, values_.close_to_infinity);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(-values_.infinity, -values_.close_to_infinity);
+#if !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+  // Nokia's STLport crashes if we try to output infinity or NaN.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(values_.infinity, -values_.infinity),
+                          "-values_.infinity");
+
+  // This is interesting as the representations of infinity and nan1
+  // are only 1 DLP apart.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(values_.infinity, values_.nan1),
+                          "values_.nan1");
+#endif  // !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+}
+
+// Tests that comparing with NAN always returns false.
+TEST_F(FloatTest, NaN) {
+#if !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+// Nokia's STLport crashes if we try to output infinity or NaN.
+
+  // In C++Builder, names within local classes (such as used by
+  // EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE) cannot be resolved against static members of the
+  // scoping class.  Use a static local alias as a workaround.
+  // We use the assignment syntax since some compilers, like Sun Studio,
+  // don't allow initializing references using construction syntax
+  // (parentheses).
+  static const FloatTest::TestValues& v = this->values_;
+
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(v.nan1, v.nan1),
+                          "v.nan1");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(v.nan1, v.nan2),
+                          "v.nan2");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(1.0, v.nan1),
+                          "v.nan1");
+
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(v.nan1, v.infinity),
+                       "v.infinity");
+#endif  // !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+}
+
+// Tests that *_FLOAT_EQ are reflexive.
+TEST_F(FloatTest, Reflexive) {
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(0.0, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(1.0, 1.0);
+  ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(values_.infinity, values_.infinity);
+}
+
+// Tests that *_FLOAT_EQ are commutative.
+TEST_F(FloatTest, Commutative) {
+  // We already tested EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(1.0, values_.close_to_one).
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(values_.close_to_one, 1.0);
+
+  // We already tested EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(1.0, values_.further_from_one).
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(values_.further_from_one, 1.0),
+                          "1.0");
+}
+
+// Tests EXPECT_NEAR.
+TEST_F(FloatTest, EXPECT_NEAR) {
+  EXPECT_NEAR(-1.0f, -1.1f, 0.2f);
+  EXPECT_NEAR(2.0f, 3.0f, 1.0f);
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_NEAR(1.0f,1.5f, 0.25f),  // NOLINT
+                          "The difference between 1.0f and 1.5f is 0.5, "
+                          "which exceeds 0.25f");
+  // To work around a bug in gcc 2.95.0, there is intentionally no
+  // space after the first comma in the previous line.
+}
+
+// Tests ASSERT_NEAR.
+TEST_F(FloatTest, ASSERT_NEAR) {
+  ASSERT_NEAR(-1.0f, -1.1f, 0.2f);
+  ASSERT_NEAR(2.0f, 3.0f, 1.0f);
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_NEAR(1.0f,1.5f, 0.25f),  // NOLINT
+                       "The difference between 1.0f and 1.5f is 0.5, "
+                       "which exceeds 0.25f");
+  // To work around a bug in gcc 2.95.0, there is intentionally no
+  // space after the first comma in the previous line.
+}
+
+// Tests the cases where FloatLE() should succeed.
+TEST_F(FloatTest, FloatLESucceeds) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(FloatLE, 1.0f, 2.0f);  // When val1 < val2,
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(FloatLE, 1.0f, 1.0f);  // val1 == val2,
+
+  // or when val1 is greater than, but almost equals to, val2.
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(FloatLE, values_.close_to_positive_zero, 0.0f);
+}
+
+// Tests the cases where FloatLE() should fail.
+TEST_F(FloatTest, FloatLEFails) {
+  // When val1 is greater than val2 by a large margin,
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(FloatLE, 2.0f, 1.0f),
+                          "(2.0f) <= (1.0f)");
+
+  // or by a small yet non-negligible margin,
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(FloatLE, values_.further_from_one, 1.0f);
+  }, "(values_.further_from_one) <= (1.0f)");
+
+#if !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN && !defined(__BORLANDC__)
+  // Nokia's STLport crashes if we try to output infinity or NaN.
+  // C++Builder gives bad results for ordered comparisons involving NaNs
+  // due to compiler bugs.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(FloatLE, values_.nan1, values_.infinity);
+  }, "(values_.nan1) <= (values_.infinity)");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(FloatLE, -values_.infinity, values_.nan1);
+  }, "(-values_.infinity) <= (values_.nan1)");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(FloatLE, values_.nan1, values_.nan1);
+  }, "(values_.nan1) <= (values_.nan1)");
+#endif  // !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN && !defined(__BORLANDC__)
+}
+
+// Instantiates FloatingPointTest for testing *_DOUBLE_EQ.
+typedef FloatingPointTest<double> DoubleTest;
+
+// Tests that the size of Double::Bits matches the size of double.
+TEST_F(DoubleTest, Size) {
+  TestSize();
+}
+
+// Tests comparing with +0 and -0.
+TEST_F(DoubleTest, Zeros) {
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0.0, -0.0);
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(-0.0, 1.0),
+                          "1.0");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(0.0, 1.0),
+                       "1.0");
+}
+
+// Tests comparing numbers close to 0.
+//
+// This ensures that *_DOUBLE_EQ handles the sign correctly and no
+// overflow occurs when comparing numbers whose absolute value is very
+// small.
+TEST_F(DoubleTest, AlmostZeros) {
+  // In C++Builder, names within local classes (such as used by
+  // EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE) cannot be resolved against static members of the
+  // scoping class.  Use a static local alias as a workaround.
+  // We use the assignment syntax since some compilers, like Sun Studio,
+  // don't allow initializing references using construction syntax
+  // (parentheses).
+  static const DoubleTest::TestValues& v = this->values_;
+
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0.0, v.close_to_positive_zero);
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(-0.0, v.close_to_negative_zero);
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(v.close_to_positive_zero, v.close_to_negative_zero);
+
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(v.close_to_positive_zero,
+                     v.further_from_negative_zero);
+  }, "v.further_from_negative_zero");
+}
+
+// Tests comparing numbers close to each other.
+TEST_F(DoubleTest, SmallDiff) {
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1.0, values_.close_to_one);
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1.0, values_.further_from_one),
+                          "values_.further_from_one");
+}
+
+// Tests comparing numbers far apart.
+TEST_F(DoubleTest, LargeDiff) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(2.0, 3.0),
+                          "3.0");
+}
+
+// Tests comparing with infinity.
+//
+// This ensures that no overflow occurs when comparing numbers whose
+// absolute value is very large.
+TEST_F(DoubleTest, Infinity) {
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(values_.infinity, values_.close_to_infinity);
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(-values_.infinity, -values_.close_to_infinity);
+#if !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+  // Nokia's STLport crashes if we try to output infinity or NaN.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(values_.infinity, -values_.infinity),
+                          "-values_.infinity");
+
+  // This is interesting as the representations of infinity_ and nan1_
+  // are only 1 DLP apart.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(values_.infinity, values_.nan1),
+                          "values_.nan1");
+#endif  // !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+}
+
+// Tests that comparing with NAN always returns false.
+TEST_F(DoubleTest, NaN) {
+#if !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+  // In C++Builder, names within local classes (such as used by
+  // EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE) cannot be resolved against static members of the
+  // scoping class.  Use a static local alias as a workaround.
+  // We use the assignment syntax since some compilers, like Sun Studio,
+  // don't allow initializing references using construction syntax
+  // (parentheses).
+  static const DoubleTest::TestValues& v = this->values_;
+
+  // Nokia's STLport crashes if we try to output infinity or NaN.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(v.nan1, v.nan1),
+                          "v.nan1");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(v.nan1, v.nan2), "v.nan2");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1.0, v.nan1), "v.nan1");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(v.nan1, v.infinity),
+                       "v.infinity");
+#endif  // !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+}
+
+// Tests that *_DOUBLE_EQ are reflexive.
+TEST_F(DoubleTest, Reflexive) {
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0.0, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1.0, 1.0);
+#if !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+  // Nokia's STLport crashes if we try to output infinity or NaN.
+  ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(values_.infinity, values_.infinity);
+#endif  // !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+}
+
+// Tests that *_DOUBLE_EQ are commutative.
+TEST_F(DoubleTest, Commutative) {
+  // We already tested EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1.0, values_.close_to_one).
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(values_.close_to_one, 1.0);
+
+  // We already tested EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1.0, values_.further_from_one).
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(values_.further_from_one, 1.0),
+                          "1.0");
+}
+
+// Tests EXPECT_NEAR.
+TEST_F(DoubleTest, EXPECT_NEAR) {
+  EXPECT_NEAR(-1.0, -1.1, 0.2);
+  EXPECT_NEAR(2.0, 3.0, 1.0);
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_NEAR(1.0, 1.5, 0.25),  // NOLINT
+                          "The difference between 1.0 and 1.5 is 0.5, "
+                          "which exceeds 0.25");
+  // To work around a bug in gcc 2.95.0, there is intentionally no
+  // space after the first comma in the previous statement.
+}
+
+// Tests ASSERT_NEAR.
+TEST_F(DoubleTest, ASSERT_NEAR) {
+  ASSERT_NEAR(-1.0, -1.1, 0.2);
+  ASSERT_NEAR(2.0, 3.0, 1.0);
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_NEAR(1.0, 1.5, 0.25),  // NOLINT
+                       "The difference between 1.0 and 1.5 is 0.5, "
+                       "which exceeds 0.25");
+  // To work around a bug in gcc 2.95.0, there is intentionally no
+  // space after the first comma in the previous statement.
+}
+
+// Tests the cases where DoubleLE() should succeed.
+TEST_F(DoubleTest, DoubleLESucceeds) {
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(DoubleLE, 1.0, 2.0);  // When val1 < val2,
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(DoubleLE, 1.0, 1.0);  // val1 == val2,
+
+  // or when val1 is greater than, but almost equals to, val2.
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(DoubleLE, values_.close_to_positive_zero, 0.0);
+}
+
+// Tests the cases where DoubleLE() should fail.
+TEST_F(DoubleTest, DoubleLEFails) {
+  // When val1 is greater than val2 by a large margin,
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(DoubleLE, 2.0, 1.0),
+                          "(2.0) <= (1.0)");
+
+  // or by a small yet non-negligible margin,
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(DoubleLE, values_.further_from_one, 1.0);
+  }, "(values_.further_from_one) <= (1.0)");
+
+#if !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN && !defined(__BORLANDC__)
+  // Nokia's STLport crashes if we try to output infinity or NaN.
+  // C++Builder gives bad results for ordered comparisons involving NaNs
+  // due to compiler bugs.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(DoubleLE, values_.nan1, values_.infinity);
+  }, "(values_.nan1) <= (values_.infinity)");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(DoubleLE, -values_.infinity, values_.nan1);
+  }, " (-values_.infinity) <= (values_.nan1)");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(DoubleLE, values_.nan1, values_.nan1);
+  }, "(values_.nan1) <= (values_.nan1)");
+#endif  // !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN && !defined(__BORLANDC__)
+}
+
+
+// Verifies that a test or test case whose name starts with DISABLED_ is
+// not run.
+
+// A test whose name starts with DISABLED_.
+// Should not run.
+TEST(DisabledTest, DISABLED_TestShouldNotRun) {
+  FAIL() << "Unexpected failure: Disabled test should not be run.";
+}
+
+// A test whose name does not start with DISABLED_.
+// Should run.
+TEST(DisabledTest, NotDISABLED_TestShouldRun) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, 1);
+}
+
+// A test case whose name starts with DISABLED_.
+// Should not run.
+TEST(DISABLED_TestCase, TestShouldNotRun) {
+  FAIL() << "Unexpected failure: Test in disabled test case should not be run.";
+}
+
+// A test case and test whose names start with DISABLED_.
+// Should not run.
+TEST(DISABLED_TestCase, DISABLED_TestShouldNotRun) {
+  FAIL() << "Unexpected failure: Test in disabled test case should not be run.";
+}
+
+// Check that when all tests in a test case are disabled, SetupTestCase() and
+// TearDownTestCase() are not called.
+class DisabledTestsTest : public Test {
+ protected:
+  static void SetUpTestCase() {
+    FAIL() << "Unexpected failure: All tests disabled in test case. "
+              "SetupTestCase() should not be called.";
+  }
+
+  static void TearDownTestCase() {
+    FAIL() << "Unexpected failure: All tests disabled in test case. "
+              "TearDownTestCase() should not be called.";
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(DisabledTestsTest, DISABLED_TestShouldNotRun_1) {
+  FAIL() << "Unexpected failure: Disabled test should not be run.";
+}
+
+TEST_F(DisabledTestsTest, DISABLED_TestShouldNotRun_2) {
+  FAIL() << "Unexpected failure: Disabled test should not be run.";
+}
+
+// Tests that disabled typed tests aren't run.
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+
+template <typename T>
+class TypedTest : public Test {
+};
+
+typedef testing::Types<int, double> NumericTypes;
+TYPED_TEST_CASE(TypedTest, NumericTypes);
+
+TYPED_TEST(TypedTest, DISABLED_ShouldNotRun) {
+  FAIL() << "Unexpected failure: Disabled typed test should not run.";
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+class DISABLED_TypedTest : public Test {
+};
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE(DISABLED_TypedTest, NumericTypes);
+
+TYPED_TEST(DISABLED_TypedTest, ShouldNotRun) {
+  FAIL() << "Unexpected failure: Disabled typed test should not run.";
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+
+// Tests that disabled type-parameterized tests aren't run.
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
+
+template <typename T>
+class TypedTestP : public Test {
+};
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(TypedTestP);
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(TypedTestP, DISABLED_ShouldNotRun) {
+  FAIL() << "Unexpected failure: "
+         << "Disabled type-parameterized test should not run.";
+}
+
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(TypedTestP, DISABLED_ShouldNotRun);
+
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, TypedTestP, NumericTypes);
+
+template <typename T>
+class DISABLED_TypedTestP : public Test {
+};
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(DISABLED_TypedTestP);
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DISABLED_TypedTestP, ShouldNotRun) {
+  FAIL() << "Unexpected failure: "
+         << "Disabled type-parameterized test should not run.";
+}
+
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(DISABLED_TypedTestP, ShouldNotRun);
+
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, DISABLED_TypedTestP, NumericTypes);
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
+
+// Tests that assertion macros evaluate their arguments exactly once.
+
+class SingleEvaluationTest : public Test {
+ public:  // Must be public and not protected due to a bug in g++ 3.4.2.
+  // This helper function is needed by the FailedASSERT_STREQ test
+  // below.  It's public to work around C++Builder's bug with scoping local
+  // classes.
+  static void CompareAndIncrementCharPtrs() {
+    ASSERT_STREQ(p1_++, p2_++);
+  }
+
+  // This helper function is needed by the FailedASSERT_NE test below.  It's
+  // public to work around C++Builder's bug with scoping local classes.
+  static void CompareAndIncrementInts() {
+    ASSERT_NE(a_++, b_++);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  SingleEvaluationTest() {
+    p1_ = s1_;
+    p2_ = s2_;
+    a_ = 0;
+    b_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  static const char* const s1_;
+  static const char* const s2_;
+  static const char* p1_;
+  static const char* p2_;
+
+  static int a_;
+  static int b_;
+};
+
+const char* const SingleEvaluationTest::s1_ = "01234";
+const char* const SingleEvaluationTest::s2_ = "abcde";
+const char* SingleEvaluationTest::p1_;
+const char* SingleEvaluationTest::p2_;
+int SingleEvaluationTest::a_;
+int SingleEvaluationTest::b_;
+
+// Tests that when ASSERT_STREQ fails, it evaluates its arguments
+// exactly once.
+TEST_F(SingleEvaluationTest, FailedASSERT_STREQ) {
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(SingleEvaluationTest::CompareAndIncrementCharPtrs(),
+                       "p2_++");
+  EXPECT_EQ(s1_ + 1, p1_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s2_ + 1, p2_);
+}
+
+// Tests that string assertion arguments are evaluated exactly once.
+TEST_F(SingleEvaluationTest, ASSERT_STR) {
+  // successful EXPECT_STRNE
+  EXPECT_STRNE(p1_++, p2_++);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s1_ + 1, p1_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s2_ + 1, p2_);
+
+  // failed EXPECT_STRCASEEQ
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(p1_++, p2_++),
+                          "Ignoring case");
+  EXPECT_EQ(s1_ + 2, p1_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s2_ + 2, p2_);
+}
+
+// Tests that when ASSERT_NE fails, it evaluates its arguments exactly
+// once.
+TEST_F(SingleEvaluationTest, FailedASSERT_NE) {
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(SingleEvaluationTest::CompareAndIncrementInts(),
+                       "(a_++) != (b_++)");
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, a_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, b_);
+}
+
+// Tests that assertion arguments are evaluated exactly once.
+TEST_F(SingleEvaluationTest, OtherCases) {
+  // successful EXPECT_TRUE
+  EXPECT_TRUE(0 == a_++);  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, a_);
+
+  // failed EXPECT_TRUE
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_TRUE(-1 == a_++), "-1 == a_++");
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, a_);
+
+  // successful EXPECT_GT
+  EXPECT_GT(a_++, b_++);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, a_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, b_);
+
+  // failed EXPECT_LT
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_LT(a_++, b_++), "(a_++) < (b_++)");
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, a_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, b_);
+
+  // successful ASSERT_TRUE
+  ASSERT_TRUE(0 < a_++);  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, a_);
+
+  // successful ASSERT_GT
+  ASSERT_GT(a_++, b_++);
+  EXPECT_EQ(6, a_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, b_);
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+void ThrowAnInteger() {
+  throw 1;
+}
+
+// Tests that assertion arguments are evaluated exactly once.
+TEST_F(SingleEvaluationTest, ExceptionTests) {
+  // successful EXPECT_THROW
+  EXPECT_THROW({  // NOLINT
+    a_++;
+    ThrowAnInteger();
+  }, int);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, a_);
+
+  // failed EXPECT_THROW, throws different
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_THROW({  // NOLINT
+    a_++;
+    ThrowAnInteger();
+  }, bool), "throws a different type");
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, a_);
+
+  // failed EXPECT_THROW, throws nothing
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_THROW(a_++, bool), "throws nothing");
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, a_);
+
+  // successful EXPECT_NO_THROW
+  EXPECT_NO_THROW(a_++);
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, a_);
+
+  // failed EXPECT_NO_THROW
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_NO_THROW({  // NOLINT
+    a_++;
+    ThrowAnInteger();
+  }), "it throws");
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, a_);
+
+  // successful EXPECT_ANY_THROW
+  EXPECT_ANY_THROW({  // NOLINT
+    a_++;
+    ThrowAnInteger();
+  });
+  EXPECT_EQ(6, a_);
+
+  // failed EXPECT_ANY_THROW
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_ANY_THROW(a_++), "it doesn't");
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, a_);
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// Tests {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NO_FATAL_FAILURE.
+class NoFatalFailureTest : public Test {
+ protected:
+  void Succeeds() {}
+  void FailsNonFatal() {
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "some non-fatal failure";
+  }
+  void Fails() {
+    FAIL() << "some fatal failure";
+  }
+
+  void DoAssertNoFatalFailureOnFails() {
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Fails());
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "shold not reach here.";
+  }
+
+  void DoExpectNoFatalFailureOnFails() {
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Fails());
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "other failure";
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(NoFatalFailureTest, NoFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Succeeds());
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Succeeds());
+}
+
+TEST_F(NoFatalFailureTest, NonFatalIsNoFailure) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
+      EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(FailsNonFatal()),
+      "some non-fatal failure");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
+      ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(FailsNonFatal()),
+      "some non-fatal failure");
+}
+
+TEST_F(NoFatalFailureTest, AssertNoFatalFailureOnFatalFailure) {
+  TestPartResultArray gtest_failures;
+  {
+    ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter gtest_reporter(&gtest_failures);
+    DoAssertNoFatalFailureOnFails();
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, gtest_failures.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
+            gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(0).type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
+            gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(1).type());
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::IsSubstring, "some fatal failure",
+                      gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(0).message());
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::IsSubstring, "it does",
+                      gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(1).message());
+}
+
+TEST_F(NoFatalFailureTest, ExpectNoFatalFailureOnFatalFailure) {
+  TestPartResultArray gtest_failures;
+  {
+    ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter gtest_reporter(&gtest_failures);
+    DoExpectNoFatalFailureOnFails();
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(3, gtest_failures.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
+            gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(0).type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure,
+            gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(1).type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure,
+            gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(2).type());
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::IsSubstring, "some fatal failure",
+                      gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(0).message());
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::IsSubstring, "it does",
+                      gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(1).message());
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::IsSubstring, "other failure",
+                      gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(2).message());
+}
+
+TEST_F(NoFatalFailureTest, MessageIsStreamable) {
+  TestPartResultArray gtest_failures;
+  {
+    ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter gtest_reporter(&gtest_failures);
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(FAIL() << "foo") << "my message";
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, gtest_failures.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure,
+            gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(0).type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure,
+            gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(1).type());
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::IsSubstring, "foo",
+                      gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(0).message());
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::IsSubstring, "my message",
+                      gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(1).message());
+}
+
+// Tests non-string assertions.
+
+std::string EditsToString(const std::vector<EditType>& edits) {
+  std::string out;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < edits.size(); ++i) {
+    static const char kEdits[] = " +-/";
+    out.append(1, kEdits[edits[i]]);
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+std::vector<size_t> CharsToIndices(const std::string& str) {
+  std::vector<size_t> out;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i) {
+    out.push_back(str[i]);
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> CharsToLines(const std::string& str) {
+  std::vector<std::string> out;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i) {
+    out.push_back(str.substr(i, 1));
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+TEST(EditDistance, TestCases) {
+  struct Case {
+    int line;
+    const char* left;
+    const char* right;
+    const char* expected_edits;
+    const char* expected_diff;
+  };
+  static const Case kCases[] = {
+      // No change.
+      {__LINE__, "A", "A", " ", ""},
+      {__LINE__, "ABCDE", "ABCDE", "     ", ""},
+      // Simple adds.
+      {__LINE__, "X", "XA", " +", "@@ +1,2 @@\n X\n+A\n"},
+      {__LINE__, "X", "XABCD", " ++++", "@@ +1,5 @@\n X\n+A\n+B\n+C\n+D\n"},
+      // Simple removes.
+      {__LINE__, "XA", "X", " -", "@@ -1,2 @@\n X\n-A\n"},
+      {__LINE__, "XABCD", "X", " ----", "@@ -1,5 @@\n X\n-A\n-B\n-C\n-D\n"},
+      // Simple replaces.
+      {__LINE__, "A", "a", "/", "@@ -1,1 +1,1 @@\n-A\n+a\n"},
+      {__LINE__, "ABCD", "abcd", "////",
+       "@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@\n-A\n-B\n-C\n-D\n+a\n+b\n+c\n+d\n"},
+      // Path finding.
+      {__LINE__, "ABCDEFGH", "ABXEGH1", "  -/ -  +",
+       "@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@\n A\n B\n-C\n-D\n+X\n E\n-F\n G\n H\n+1\n"},
+      {__LINE__, "AAAABCCCC", "ABABCDCDC", "- /   + / ",
+       "@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@\n-A\n A\n-A\n+B\n A\n B\n C\n+D\n C\n-C\n+D\n C\n"},
+      {__LINE__, "ABCDE", "BCDCD", "-   +/",
+       "@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@\n-A\n B\n C\n D\n-E\n+C\n+D\n"},
+      {__LINE__, "ABCDEFGHIJKL", "BCDCDEFGJKLJK", "- ++     --   ++",
+       "@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@\n-A\n B\n+C\n+D\n C\n D\n"
+       "@@ -6,7 +7,7 @@\n F\n G\n-H\n-I\n J\n K\n L\n+J\n+K\n"},
+      {}};
+  for (const Case* c = kCases; c->left; ++c) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(c->expected_edits ==
+                EditsToString(CalculateOptimalEdits(CharsToIndices(c->left),
+                                                    CharsToIndices(c->right))))
+        << "Left <" << c->left << "> Right <" << c->right << "> Edits <"
+        << EditsToString(CalculateOptimalEdits(
+               CharsToIndices(c->left), CharsToIndices(c->right))) << ">";
+    EXPECT_TRUE(c->expected_diff == CreateUnifiedDiff(CharsToLines(c->left),
+                                                      CharsToLines(c->right)))
+        << "Left <" << c->left << "> Right <" << c->right << "> Diff <"
+        << CreateUnifiedDiff(CharsToLines(c->left), CharsToLines(c->right))
+        << ">";
+  }
+}
+
+// Tests EqFailure(), used for implementing *EQ* assertions.
+TEST(AssertionTest, EqFailure) {
+  const std::string foo_val("5"), bar_val("6");
+  const std::string msg1(
+      EqFailure("foo", "bar", foo_val, bar_val, false)
+      .failure_message());
+  EXPECT_STREQ(
+      "      Expected: foo\n"
+      "      Which is: 5\n"
+      "To be equal to: bar\n"
+      "      Which is: 6",
+      msg1.c_str());
+
+  const std::string msg2(
+      EqFailure("foo", "6", foo_val, bar_val, false)
+      .failure_message());
+  EXPECT_STREQ(
+      "      Expected: foo\n"
+      "      Which is: 5\n"
+      "To be equal to: 6",
+      msg2.c_str());
+
+  const std::string msg3(
+      EqFailure("5", "bar", foo_val, bar_val, false)
+      .failure_message());
+  EXPECT_STREQ(
+      "      Expected: 5\n"
+      "To be equal to: bar\n"
+      "      Which is: 6",
+      msg3.c_str());
+
+  const std::string msg4(
+      EqFailure("5", "6", foo_val, bar_val, false).failure_message());
+  EXPECT_STREQ(
+      "      Expected: 5\n"
+      "To be equal to: 6",
+      msg4.c_str());
+
+  const std::string msg5(
+      EqFailure("foo", "bar",
+                std::string("\"x\""), std::string("\"y\""),
+                true).failure_message());
+  EXPECT_STREQ(
+      "      Expected: foo\n"
+      "      Which is: \"x\"\n"
+      "To be equal to: bar\n"
+      "      Which is: \"y\"\n"
+      "Ignoring case",
+      msg5.c_str());
+}
+
+TEST(AssertionTest, EqFailureWithDiff) {
+  const std::string left(
+      "1\\n2XXX\\n3\\n5\\n6\\n7\\n8\\n9\\n10\\n11\\n12XXX\\n13\\n14\\n15");
+  const std::string right(
+      "1\\n2\\n3\\n4\\n5\\n6\\n7\\n8\\n9\\n11\\n12\\n13\\n14");
+  const std::string msg1(
+      EqFailure("left", "right", left, right, false).failure_message());
+  EXPECT_STREQ(
+      "      Expected: left\n"
+      "      Which is: "
+      "1\\n2XXX\\n3\\n5\\n6\\n7\\n8\\n9\\n10\\n11\\n12XXX\\n13\\n14\\n15\n"
+      "To be equal to: right\n"
+      "      Which is: 1\\n2\\n3\\n4\\n5\\n6\\n7\\n8\\n9\\n11\\n12\\n13\\n14\n"
+      "With diff:\n@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@\n 1\n-2XXX\n+2\n 3\n+4\n 5\n 6\n"
+      "@@ -7,8 +8,6 @@\n 8\n 9\n-10\n 11\n-12XXX\n+12\n 13\n 14\n-15\n",
+      msg1.c_str());
+}
+
+// Tests AppendUserMessage(), used for implementing the *EQ* macros.
+TEST(AssertionTest, AppendUserMessage) {
+  const std::string foo("foo");
+
+  Message msg;
+  EXPECT_STREQ("foo",
+               AppendUserMessage(foo, msg).c_str());
+
+  msg << "bar";
+  EXPECT_STREQ("foo\nbar",
+               AppendUserMessage(foo, msg).c_str());
+}
+
+#ifdef __BORLANDC__
+// Silences warnings: "Condition is always true", "Unreachable code"
+# pragma option push -w-ccc -w-rch
+#endif
+
+// Tests ASSERT_TRUE.
+TEST(AssertionTest, ASSERT_TRUE) {
+  ASSERT_TRUE(2 > 1);  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_TRUE(2 < 1),
+                       "2 < 1");
+}
+
+// Tests ASSERT_TRUE(predicate) for predicates returning AssertionResult.
+TEST(AssertionTest, AssertTrueWithAssertionResult) {
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ResultIsEven(2));
+#ifndef __BORLANDC__
+  // ICE's in C++Builder.
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_TRUE(ResultIsEven(3)),
+                       "Value of: ResultIsEven(3)\n"
+                       "  Actual: false (3 is odd)\n"
+                       "Expected: true");
+#endif
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(2));
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_TRUE(ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(3)),
+                       "Value of: ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(3)\n"
+                       "  Actual: false (3 is odd)\n"
+                       "Expected: true");
+}
+
+// Tests ASSERT_FALSE.
+TEST(AssertionTest, ASSERT_FALSE) {
+  ASSERT_FALSE(2 < 1);  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FALSE(2 > 1),
+                       "Value of: 2 > 1\n"
+                       "  Actual: true\n"
+                       "Expected: false");
+}
+
+// Tests ASSERT_FALSE(predicate) for predicates returning AssertionResult.
+TEST(AssertionTest, AssertFalseWithAssertionResult) {
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ResultIsEven(3));
+#ifndef __BORLANDC__
+  // ICE's in C++Builder.
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FALSE(ResultIsEven(2)),
+                       "Value of: ResultIsEven(2)\n"
+                       "  Actual: true (2 is even)\n"
+                       "Expected: false");
+#endif
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(3));
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FALSE(ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(2)),
+                       "Value of: ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(2)\n"
+                       "  Actual: true\n"
+                       "Expected: false");
+}
+
+#ifdef __BORLANDC__
+// Restores warnings after previous "#pragma option push" supressed them
+# pragma option pop
+#endif
+
+// Tests using ASSERT_EQ on double values.  The purpose is to make
+// sure that the specialization we did for integer and anonymous enums
+// isn't used for double arguments.
+TEST(ExpectTest, ASSERT_EQ_Double) {
+  // A success.
+  ASSERT_EQ(5.6, 5.6);
+
+  // A failure.
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(5.1, 5.2),
+                       "5.1");
+}
+
+// Tests ASSERT_EQ.
+TEST(AssertionTest, ASSERT_EQ) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(5, 2 + 3);
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(5, 2*3),
+                       "      Expected: 5\n"
+                       "To be equal to: 2*3\n"
+                       "      Which is: 6");
+}
+
+// Tests ASSERT_EQ(NULL, pointer).
+#if GTEST_CAN_COMPARE_NULL
+TEST(AssertionTest, ASSERT_EQ_NULL) {
+  // A success.
+  const char* p = NULL;
+  // Some older GCC versions may issue a spurious waring in this or the next
+  // assertion statement. This warning should not be suppressed with
+  // static_cast since the test verifies the ability to use bare NULL as the
+  // expected parameter to the macro.
+  ASSERT_EQ(NULL, p);
+
+  // A failure.
+  static int n = 0;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(NULL, &n),
+                       "To be equal to: &n\n");
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_CAN_COMPARE_NULL
+
+// Tests ASSERT_EQ(0, non_pointer).  Since the literal 0 can be
+// treated as a null pointer by the compiler, we need to make sure
+// that ASSERT_EQ(0, non_pointer) isn't interpreted by Google Test as
+// ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<void*>(NULL), non_pointer).
+TEST(ExpectTest, ASSERT_EQ_0) {
+  int n = 0;
+
+  // A success.
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, n);
+
+  // A failure.
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(0, 5.6),
+                       "Expected: 0");
+}
+
+// Tests ASSERT_NE.
+TEST(AssertionTest, ASSERT_NE) {
+  ASSERT_NE(6, 7);
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_NE('a', 'a'),
+                       "Expected: ('a') != ('a'), "
+                       "actual: 'a' (97, 0x61) vs 'a' (97, 0x61)");
+}
+
+// Tests ASSERT_LE.
+TEST(AssertionTest, ASSERT_LE) {
+  ASSERT_LE(2, 3);
+  ASSERT_LE(2, 2);
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_LE(2, 0),
+                       "Expected: (2) <= (0), actual: 2 vs 0");
+}
+
+// Tests ASSERT_LT.
+TEST(AssertionTest, ASSERT_LT) {
+  ASSERT_LT(2, 3);
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_LT(2, 2),
+                       "Expected: (2) < (2), actual: 2 vs 2");
+}
+
+// Tests ASSERT_GE.
+TEST(AssertionTest, ASSERT_GE) {
+  ASSERT_GE(2, 1);
+  ASSERT_GE(2, 2);
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_GE(2, 3),
+                       "Expected: (2) >= (3), actual: 2 vs 3");
+}
+
+// Tests ASSERT_GT.
+TEST(AssertionTest, ASSERT_GT) {
+  ASSERT_GT(2, 1);
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_GT(2, 2),
+                       "Expected: (2) > (2), actual: 2 vs 2");
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+void ThrowNothing() {}
+
+// Tests ASSERT_THROW.
+TEST(AssertionTest, ASSERT_THROW) {
+  ASSERT_THROW(ThrowAnInteger(), int);
+
+# ifndef __BORLANDC__
+
+  // ICE's in C++Builder 2007 and 2009.
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      ASSERT_THROW(ThrowAnInteger(), bool),
+      "Expected: ThrowAnInteger() throws an exception of type bool.\n"
+      "  Actual: it throws a different type.");
+# endif
+
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      ASSERT_THROW(ThrowNothing(), bool),
+      "Expected: ThrowNothing() throws an exception of type bool.\n"
+      "  Actual: it throws nothing.");
+}
+
+// Tests ASSERT_NO_THROW.
+TEST(AssertionTest, ASSERT_NO_THROW) {
+  ASSERT_NO_THROW(ThrowNothing());
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_NO_THROW(ThrowAnInteger()),
+                       "Expected: ThrowAnInteger() doesn't throw an exception."
+                       "\n  Actual: it throws.");
+}
+
+// Tests ASSERT_ANY_THROW.
+TEST(AssertionTest, ASSERT_ANY_THROW) {
+  ASSERT_ANY_THROW(ThrowAnInteger());
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      ASSERT_ANY_THROW(ThrowNothing()),
+      "Expected: ThrowNothing() throws an exception.\n"
+      "  Actual: it doesn't.");
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// Makes sure we deal with the precedence of <<.  This test should
+// compile.
+TEST(AssertionTest, AssertPrecedence) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(1 < 2, true);
+  bool false_value = false;
+  ASSERT_EQ(true && false_value, false);
+}
+
+// A subroutine used by the following test.
+void TestEq1(int x) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, x);
+}
+
+// Tests calling a test subroutine that's not part of a fixture.
+TEST(AssertionTest, NonFixtureSubroutine) {
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(TestEq1(2),
+                       "To be equal to: x");
+}
+
+// An uncopyable class.
+class Uncopyable {
+ public:
+  explicit Uncopyable(int a_value) : value_(a_value) {}
+
+  int value() const { return value_; }
+  bool operator==(const Uncopyable& rhs) const {
+    return value() == rhs.value();
+  }
+ private:
+  // This constructor deliberately has no implementation, as we don't
+  // want this class to be copyable.
+  Uncopyable(const Uncopyable&);  // NOLINT
+
+  int value_;
+};
+
+::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os, const Uncopyable& value) {
+  return os << value.value();
+}
+
+
+bool IsPositiveUncopyable(const Uncopyable& x) {
+  return x.value() > 0;
+}
+
+// A subroutine used by the following test.
+void TestAssertNonPositive() {
+  Uncopyable y(-1);
+  ASSERT_PRED1(IsPositiveUncopyable, y);
+}
+// A subroutine used by the following test.
+void TestAssertEqualsUncopyable() {
+  Uncopyable x(5);
+  Uncopyable y(-1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(x, y);
+}
+
+// Tests that uncopyable objects can be used in assertions.
+TEST(AssertionTest, AssertWorksWithUncopyableObject) {
+  Uncopyable x(5);
+  ASSERT_PRED1(IsPositiveUncopyable, x);
+  ASSERT_EQ(x, x);
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(TestAssertNonPositive(),
+    "IsPositiveUncopyable(y) evaluates to false, where\ny evaluates to -1");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(TestAssertEqualsUncopyable(),
+    "Expected: x\n      Which is: 5\nTo be equal to: y\n      Which is: -1");
+}
+
+// Tests that uncopyable objects can be used in expects.
+TEST(AssertionTest, ExpectWorksWithUncopyableObject) {
+  Uncopyable x(5);
+  EXPECT_PRED1(IsPositiveUncopyable, x);
+  Uncopyable y(-1);
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_PRED1(IsPositiveUncopyable, y),
+    "IsPositiveUncopyable(y) evaluates to false, where\ny evaluates to -1");
+  EXPECT_EQ(x, x);
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(x, y),
+    "Expected: x\n      Which is: 5\nTo be equal to: y\n      Which is: -1");
+}
+
+enum NamedEnum {
+  kE1 = 0,
+  kE2 = 1
+};
+
+TEST(AssertionTest, NamedEnum) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(kE1, kE1);
+  EXPECT_LT(kE1, kE2);
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(kE1, kE2), "Which is: 0");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(kE1, kE2), "Which is: 1");
+}
+
+// The version of gcc used in XCode 2.2 has a bug and doesn't allow
+// anonymous enums in assertions.  Therefore the following test is not
+// done on Mac.
+// Sun Studio and HP aCC also reject this code.
+#if !GTEST_OS_MAC && !defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && !defined(__HP_aCC)
+
+// Tests using assertions with anonymous enums.
+enum {
+  kCaseA = -1,
+
+# if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+
+  // We want to test the case where the size of the anonymous enum is
+  // larger than sizeof(int), to make sure our implementation of the
+  // assertions doesn't truncate the enums.  However, MSVC
+  // (incorrectly) doesn't allow an enum value to exceed the range of
+  // an int, so this has to be conditionally compiled.
+  //
+  // On Linux, kCaseB and kCaseA have the same value when truncated to
+  // int size.  We want to test whether this will confuse the
+  // assertions.
+  kCaseB = testing::internal::kMaxBiggestInt,
+
+# else
+
+  kCaseB = INT_MAX,
+
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
+
+  kCaseC = 42
+};
+
+TEST(AssertionTest, AnonymousEnum) {
+# if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(kCaseA), static_cast<int>(kCaseB));
+
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(kCaseA, kCaseA);
+  EXPECT_NE(kCaseA, kCaseB);
+  EXPECT_LT(kCaseA, kCaseB);
+  EXPECT_LE(kCaseA, kCaseB);
+  EXPECT_GT(kCaseB, kCaseA);
+  EXPECT_GE(kCaseA, kCaseA);
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_GE(kCaseA, kCaseB),
+                          "(kCaseA) >= (kCaseB)");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_GE(kCaseA, kCaseC),
+                          "-1 vs 42");
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(kCaseA, kCaseA);
+  ASSERT_NE(kCaseA, kCaseB);
+  ASSERT_LT(kCaseA, kCaseB);
+  ASSERT_LE(kCaseA, kCaseB);
+  ASSERT_GT(kCaseB, kCaseA);
+  ASSERT_GE(kCaseA, kCaseA);
+
+# ifndef __BORLANDC__
+
+  // ICE's in C++Builder.
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(kCaseA, kCaseB),
+                       "To be equal to: kCaseB");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(kCaseA, kCaseC),
+                       "Which is: 42");
+# endif
+
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(kCaseA, kCaseC),
+                       "Which is: -1");
+}
+
+#endif  // !GTEST_OS_MAC && !defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+static HRESULT UnexpectedHRESULTFailure() {
+  return E_UNEXPECTED;
+}
+
+static HRESULT OkHRESULTSuccess() {
+  return S_OK;
+}
+
+static HRESULT FalseHRESULTSuccess() {
+  return S_FALSE;
+}
+
+// HRESULT assertion tests test both zero and non-zero
+// success codes as well as failure message for each.
+//
+// Windows CE doesn't support message texts.
+TEST(HRESULTAssertionTest, EXPECT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED) {
+  EXPECT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(S_OK);
+  EXPECT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(S_FALSE);
+
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(UnexpectedHRESULTFailure()),
+    "Expected: (UnexpectedHRESULTFailure()) succeeds.\n"
+    "  Actual: 0x8000FFFF");
+}
+
+TEST(HRESULTAssertionTest, ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED) {
+  ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(S_OK);
+  ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(S_FALSE);
+
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(UnexpectedHRESULTFailure()),
+    "Expected: (UnexpectedHRESULTFailure()) succeeds.\n"
+    "  Actual: 0x8000FFFF");
+}
+
+TEST(HRESULTAssertionTest, EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED) {
+  EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED(E_UNEXPECTED);
+
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED(OkHRESULTSuccess()),
+    "Expected: (OkHRESULTSuccess()) fails.\n"
+    "  Actual: 0x0");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED(FalseHRESULTSuccess()),
+    "Expected: (FalseHRESULTSuccess()) fails.\n"
+    "  Actual: 0x1");
+}
+
+TEST(HRESULTAssertionTest, ASSERT_HRESULT_FAILED) {
+  ASSERT_HRESULT_FAILED(E_UNEXPECTED);
+
+# ifndef __BORLANDC__
+
+  // ICE's in C++Builder 2007 and 2009.
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_HRESULT_FAILED(OkHRESULTSuccess()),
+    "Expected: (OkHRESULTSuccess()) fails.\n"
+    "  Actual: 0x0");
+# endif
+
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_HRESULT_FAILED(FalseHRESULTSuccess()),
+    "Expected: (FalseHRESULTSuccess()) fails.\n"
+    "  Actual: 0x1");
+}
+
+// Tests that streaming to the HRESULT macros works.
+TEST(HRESULTAssertionTest, Streaming) {
+  EXPECT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(S_OK) << "unexpected failure";
+  ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(S_OK) << "unexpected failure";
+  EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED(E_UNEXPECTED) << "unexpected failure";
+  ASSERT_HRESULT_FAILED(E_UNEXPECTED) << "unexpected failure";
+
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
+      EXPECT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(E_UNEXPECTED) << "expected failure",
+      "expected failure");
+
+# ifndef __BORLANDC__
+
+  // ICE's in C++Builder 2007 and 2009.
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(E_UNEXPECTED) << "expected failure",
+      "expected failure");
+# endif
+
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
+      EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED(S_OK) << "expected failure",
+      "expected failure");
+
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      ASSERT_HRESULT_FAILED(S_OK) << "expected failure",
+      "expected failure");
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+#ifdef __BORLANDC__
+// Silences warnings: "Condition is always true", "Unreachable code"
+# pragma option push -w-ccc -w-rch
+#endif
+
+// Tests that the assertion macros behave like single statements.
+TEST(AssertionSyntaxTest, BasicAssertionsBehavesLikeSingleStatement) {
+  if (AlwaysFalse())
+    ASSERT_TRUE(false) << "This should never be executed; "
+                          "It's a compilation test only.";
+
+  if (AlwaysTrue())
+    EXPECT_FALSE(false);
+  else
+    ;  // NOLINT
+
+  if (AlwaysFalse())
+    ASSERT_LT(1, 3);
+
+  if (AlwaysFalse())
+    ;  // NOLINT
+  else
+    EXPECT_GT(3, 2) << "";
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+// Tests that the compiler will not complain about unreachable code in the
+// EXPECT_THROW/EXPECT_ANY_THROW/EXPECT_NO_THROW macros.
+TEST(ExpectThrowTest, DoesNotGenerateUnreachableCodeWarning) {
+  int n = 0;
+
+  EXPECT_THROW(throw 1, int);
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_THROW(n++, int), "");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_THROW(throw 1, const char*), "");
+  EXPECT_NO_THROW(n++);
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_NO_THROW(throw 1), "");
+  EXPECT_ANY_THROW(throw 1);
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_ANY_THROW(n++), "");
+}
+
+TEST(AssertionSyntaxTest, ExceptionAssertionsBehavesLikeSingleStatement) {
+  if (AlwaysFalse())
+    EXPECT_THROW(ThrowNothing(), bool);
+
+  if (AlwaysTrue())
+    EXPECT_THROW(ThrowAnInteger(), int);
+  else
+    ;  // NOLINT
+
+  if (AlwaysFalse())
+    EXPECT_NO_THROW(ThrowAnInteger());
+
+  if (AlwaysTrue())
+    EXPECT_NO_THROW(ThrowNothing());
+  else
+    ;  // NOLINT
+
+  if (AlwaysFalse())
+    EXPECT_ANY_THROW(ThrowNothing());
+
+  if (AlwaysTrue())
+    EXPECT_ANY_THROW(ThrowAnInteger());
+  else
+    ;  // NOLINT
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+TEST(AssertionSyntaxTest, NoFatalFailureAssertionsBehavesLikeSingleStatement) {
+  if (AlwaysFalse())
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(FAIL()) << "This should never be executed. "
+                                    << "It's a compilation test only.";
+  else
+    ;  // NOLINT
+
+  if (AlwaysFalse())
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(FAIL()) << "";
+  else
+    ;  // NOLINT
+
+  if (AlwaysTrue())
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SUCCEED());
+  else
+    ;  // NOLINT
+
+  if (AlwaysFalse())
+    ;  // NOLINT
+  else
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SUCCEED());
+}
+
+// Tests that the assertion macros work well with switch statements.
+TEST(AssertionSyntaxTest, WorksWithSwitch) {
+  switch (0) {
+    case 1:
+      break;
+    default:
+      ASSERT_TRUE(true);
+  }
+
+  switch (0)
+    case 0:
+      EXPECT_FALSE(false) << "EXPECT_FALSE failed in switch case";
+
+  // Binary assertions are implemented using a different code path
+  // than the Boolean assertions.  Hence we test them separately.
+  switch (0) {
+    case 1:
+    default:
+      ASSERT_EQ(1, 1) << "ASSERT_EQ failed in default switch handler";
+  }
+
+  switch (0)
+    case 0:
+      EXPECT_NE(1, 2);
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+void ThrowAString() {
+    throw "std::string";
+}
+
+// Test that the exception assertion macros compile and work with const
+// type qualifier.
+TEST(AssertionSyntaxTest, WorksWithConst) {
+    ASSERT_THROW(ThrowAString(), const char*);
+
+    EXPECT_THROW(ThrowAString(), const char*);
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+}  // namespace
+
+namespace testing {
+
+// Tests that Google Test tracks SUCCEED*.
+TEST(SuccessfulAssertionTest, SUCCEED) {
+  SUCCEED();
+  SUCCEED() << "OK";
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->total_part_count());
+}
+
+// Tests that Google Test doesn't track successful EXPECT_*.
+TEST(SuccessfulAssertionTest, EXPECT) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(true);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->total_part_count());
+}
+
+// Tests that Google Test doesn't track successful EXPECT_STR*.
+TEST(SuccessfulAssertionTest, EXPECT_STR) {
+  EXPECT_STREQ("", "");
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->total_part_count());
+}
+
+// Tests that Google Test doesn't track successful ASSERT_*.
+TEST(SuccessfulAssertionTest, ASSERT) {
+  ASSERT_TRUE(true);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->total_part_count());
+}
+
+// Tests that Google Test doesn't track successful ASSERT_STR*.
+TEST(SuccessfulAssertionTest, ASSERT_STR) {
+  ASSERT_STREQ("", "");
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->total_part_count());
+}
+
+}  // namespace testing
+
+namespace {
+
+// Tests the message streaming variation of assertions.
+
+TEST(AssertionWithMessageTest, EXPECT) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, 1) << "This should succeed.";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_NE(1, 1) << "Expected failure #1.",
+                          "Expected failure #1");
+  EXPECT_LE(1, 2) << "This should succeed.";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_LT(1, 0) << "Expected failure #2.",
+                          "Expected failure #2.");
+  EXPECT_GE(1, 0) << "This should succeed.";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_GT(1, 2) << "Expected failure #3.",
+                          "Expected failure #3.");
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ("1", "1") << "This should succeed.";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STRNE("1", "1") << "Expected failure #4.",
+                          "Expected failure #4.");
+  EXPECT_STRCASEEQ("a", "A") << "This should succeed.";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STRCASENE("a", "A") << "Expected failure #5.",
+                          "Expected failure #5.");
+
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(1, 1) << "This should succeed.";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1, 1.2) << "Expected failure #6.",
+                          "Expected failure #6.");
+  EXPECT_NEAR(1, 1.1, 0.2) << "This should succeed.";
+}
+
+TEST(AssertionWithMessageTest, ASSERT) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, 1) << "This should succeed.";
+  ASSERT_NE(1, 2) << "This should succeed.";
+  ASSERT_LE(1, 2) << "This should succeed.";
+  ASSERT_LT(1, 2) << "This should succeed.";
+  ASSERT_GE(1, 0) << "This should succeed.";
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_GT(1, 2) << "Expected failure.",
+                       "Expected failure.");
+}
+
+TEST(AssertionWithMessageTest, ASSERT_STR) {
+  ASSERT_STREQ("1", "1") << "This should succeed.";
+  ASSERT_STRNE("1", "2") << "This should succeed.";
+  ASSERT_STRCASEEQ("a", "A") << "This should succeed.";
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STRCASENE("a", "A") << "Expected failure.",
+                       "Expected failure.");
+}
+
+TEST(AssertionWithMessageTest, ASSERT_FLOATING) {
+  ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(1, 1) << "This should succeed.";
+  ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(1, 1) << "This should succeed.";
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_NEAR(1,1.2, 0.1) << "Expect failure.",  // NOLINT
+                       "Expect failure.");
+  // To work around a bug in gcc 2.95.0, there is intentionally no
+  // space after the first comma in the previous statement.
+}
+
+// Tests using ASSERT_FALSE with a streamed message.
+TEST(AssertionWithMessageTest, ASSERT_FALSE) {
+  ASSERT_FALSE(false) << "This shouldn't fail.";
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_FALSE(true) << "Expected failure: " << 2 << " > " << 1
+                       << " evaluates to " << true;
+  }, "Expected failure");
+}
+
+// Tests using FAIL with a streamed message.
+TEST(AssertionWithMessageTest, FAIL) {
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(FAIL() << 0,
+                       "0");
+}
+
+// Tests using SUCCEED with a streamed message.
+TEST(AssertionWithMessageTest, SUCCEED) {
+  SUCCEED() << "Success == " << 1;
+}
+
+// Tests using ASSERT_TRUE with a streamed message.
+TEST(AssertionWithMessageTest, ASSERT_TRUE) {
+  ASSERT_TRUE(true) << "This should succeed.";
+  ASSERT_TRUE(true) << true;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_TRUE(false) << static_cast<const char *>(NULL)
+                       << static_cast<char *>(NULL);
+  }, "(null)(null)");
+}
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+// Tests using wide strings in assertion messages.
+TEST(AssertionWithMessageTest, WideStringMessage) {
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_TRUE(false) << L"This failure is expected.\x8119";
+  }, "This failure is expected.");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, 2) << "This failure is "
+                    << L"expected too.\x8120";
+  }, "This failure is expected too.");
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+// Tests EXPECT_TRUE.
+TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_TRUE) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(true) << "Intentional success";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_TRUE(false) << "Intentional failure #1.",
+                          "Intentional failure #1.");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_TRUE(false) << "Intentional failure #2.",
+                          "Intentional failure #2.");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(2 > 1);  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_TRUE(2 < 1),
+                          "Value of: 2 < 1\n"
+                          "  Actual: false\n"
+                          "Expected: true");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_TRUE(2 > 3),
+                          "2 > 3");
+}
+
+// Tests EXPECT_TRUE(predicate) for predicates returning AssertionResult.
+TEST(ExpectTest, ExpectTrueWithAssertionResult) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ResultIsEven(2));
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_TRUE(ResultIsEven(3)),
+                          "Value of: ResultIsEven(3)\n"
+                          "  Actual: false (3 is odd)\n"
+                          "Expected: true");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(2));
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_TRUE(ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(3)),
+                          "Value of: ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(3)\n"
+                          "  Actual: false (3 is odd)\n"
+                          "Expected: true");
+}
+
+// Tests EXPECT_FALSE with a streamed message.
+TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_FALSE) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(2 < 1);  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_FALSE(false) << "Intentional success";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FALSE(true) << "Intentional failure #1.",
+                          "Intentional failure #1.");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FALSE(true) << "Intentional failure #2.",
+                          "Intentional failure #2.");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FALSE(2 > 1),
+                          "Value of: 2 > 1\n"
+                          "  Actual: true\n"
+                          "Expected: false");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FALSE(2 < 3),
+                          "2 < 3");
+}
+
+// Tests EXPECT_FALSE(predicate) for predicates returning AssertionResult.
+TEST(ExpectTest, ExpectFalseWithAssertionResult) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ResultIsEven(3));
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FALSE(ResultIsEven(2)),
+                          "Value of: ResultIsEven(2)\n"
+                          "  Actual: true (2 is even)\n"
+                          "Expected: false");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(3));
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FALSE(ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(2)),
+                          "Value of: ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(2)\n"
+                          "  Actual: true\n"
+                          "Expected: false");
+}
+
+#ifdef __BORLANDC__
+// Restores warnings after previous "#pragma option push" supressed them
+# pragma option pop
+#endif
+
+// Tests EXPECT_EQ.
+TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_EQ) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, 2 + 3);
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(5, 2*3),
+                          "      Expected: 5\n"
+                          "To be equal to: 2*3\n"
+                          "      Which is: 6");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(5, 2 - 3),
+                          "2 - 3");
+}
+
+// Tests using EXPECT_EQ on double values.  The purpose is to make
+// sure that the specialization we did for integer and anonymous enums
+// isn't used for double arguments.
+TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_EQ_Double) {
+  // A success.
+  EXPECT_EQ(5.6, 5.6);
+
+  // A failure.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(5.1, 5.2),
+                          "5.1");
+}
+
+#if GTEST_CAN_COMPARE_NULL
+// Tests EXPECT_EQ(NULL, pointer).
+TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_EQ_NULL) {
+  // A success.
+  const char* p = NULL;
+  // Some older GCC versions may issue a spurious warning in this or the next
+  // assertion statement. This warning should not be suppressed with
+  // static_cast since the test verifies the ability to use bare NULL as the
+  // expected parameter to the macro.
+  EXPECT_EQ(NULL, p);
+
+  // A failure.
+  int n = 0;
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(NULL, &n),
+                          "To be equal to: &n\n");
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_CAN_COMPARE_NULL
+
+// Tests EXPECT_EQ(0, non_pointer).  Since the literal 0 can be
+// treated as a null pointer by the compiler, we need to make sure
+// that EXPECT_EQ(0, non_pointer) isn't interpreted by Google Test as
+// EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<void*>(NULL), non_pointer).
+TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_EQ_0) {
+  int n = 0;
+
+  // A success.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, n);
+
+  // A failure.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(0, 5.6),
+                          "Expected: 0");
+}
+
+// Tests EXPECT_NE.
+TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_NE) {
+  EXPECT_NE(6, 7);
+
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_NE('a', 'a'),
+                          "Expected: ('a') != ('a'), "
+                          "actual: 'a' (97, 0x61) vs 'a' (97, 0x61)");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_NE(2, 2),
+                          "2");
+  char* const p0 = NULL;
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_NE(p0, p0),
+                          "p0");
+  // Only way to get the Nokia compiler to compile the cast
+  // is to have a separate void* variable first. Putting
+  // the two casts on the same line doesn't work, neither does
+  // a direct C-style to char*.
+  void* pv1 = (void*)0x1234;  // NOLINT
+  char* const p1 = reinterpret_cast<char*>(pv1);
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_NE(p1, p1),
+                          "p1");
+}
+
+// Tests EXPECT_LE.
+TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_LE) {
+  EXPECT_LE(2, 3);
+  EXPECT_LE(2, 2);
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_LE(2, 0),
+                          "Expected: (2) <= (0), actual: 2 vs 0");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_LE(1.1, 0.9),
+                          "(1.1) <= (0.9)");
+}
+
+// Tests EXPECT_LT.
+TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_LT) {
+  EXPECT_LT(2, 3);
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_LT(2, 2),
+                          "Expected: (2) < (2), actual: 2 vs 2");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_LT(2, 1),
+                          "(2) < (1)");
+}
+
+// Tests EXPECT_GE.
+TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_GE) {
+  EXPECT_GE(2, 1);
+  EXPECT_GE(2, 2);
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_GE(2, 3),
+                          "Expected: (2) >= (3), actual: 2 vs 3");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_GE(0.9, 1.1),
+                          "(0.9) >= (1.1)");
+}
+
+// Tests EXPECT_GT.
+TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_GT) {
+  EXPECT_GT(2, 1);
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_GT(2, 2),
+                          "Expected: (2) > (2), actual: 2 vs 2");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_GT(2, 3),
+                          "(2) > (3)");
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// Tests EXPECT_THROW.
+TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_THROW) {
+  EXPECT_THROW(ThrowAnInteger(), int);
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_THROW(ThrowAnInteger(), bool),
+                          "Expected: ThrowAnInteger() throws an exception of "
+                          "type bool.\n  Actual: it throws a different type.");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
+      EXPECT_THROW(ThrowNothing(), bool),
+      "Expected: ThrowNothing() throws an exception of type bool.\n"
+      "  Actual: it throws nothing.");
+}
+
+// Tests EXPECT_NO_THROW.
+TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_NO_THROW) {
+  EXPECT_NO_THROW(ThrowNothing());
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_NO_THROW(ThrowAnInteger()),
+                          "Expected: ThrowAnInteger() doesn't throw an "
+                          "exception.\n  Actual: it throws.");
+}
+
+// Tests EXPECT_ANY_THROW.
+TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_ANY_THROW) {
+  EXPECT_ANY_THROW(ThrowAnInteger());
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
+      EXPECT_ANY_THROW(ThrowNothing()),
+      "Expected: ThrowNothing() throws an exception.\n"
+      "  Actual: it doesn't.");
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// Make sure we deal with the precedence of <<.
+TEST(ExpectTest, ExpectPrecedence) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1 < 2, true);
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(true, true && false),
+                          "To be equal to: true && false");
+}
+
+
+// Tests the StreamableToString() function.
+
+// Tests using StreamableToString() on a scalar.
+TEST(StreamableToStringTest, Scalar) {
+  EXPECT_STREQ("5", StreamableToString(5).c_str());
+}
+
+// Tests using StreamableToString() on a non-char pointer.
+TEST(StreamableToStringTest, Pointer) {
+  int n = 0;
+  int* p = &n;
+  EXPECT_STRNE("(null)", StreamableToString(p).c_str());
+}
+
+// Tests using StreamableToString() on a NULL non-char pointer.
+TEST(StreamableToStringTest, NullPointer) {
+  int* p = NULL;
+  EXPECT_STREQ("(null)", StreamableToString(p).c_str());
+}
+
+// Tests using StreamableToString() on a C string.
+TEST(StreamableToStringTest, CString) {
+  EXPECT_STREQ("Foo", StreamableToString("Foo").c_str());
+}
+
+// Tests using StreamableToString() on a NULL C string.
+TEST(StreamableToStringTest, NullCString) {
+  char* p = NULL;
+  EXPECT_STREQ("(null)", StreamableToString(p).c_str());
+}
+
+// Tests using streamable values as assertion messages.
+
+// Tests using std::string as an assertion message.
+TEST(StreamableTest, string) {
+  static const std::string str(
+      "This failure message is a std::string, and is expected.");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(FAIL() << str,
+                       str.c_str());
+}
+
+// Tests that we can output strings containing embedded NULs.
+// Limited to Linux because we can only do this with std::string's.
+TEST(StreamableTest, stringWithEmbeddedNUL) {
+  static const char char_array_with_nul[] =
+      "Here's a NUL\0 and some more string";
+  static const std::string string_with_nul(char_array_with_nul,
+                                           sizeof(char_array_with_nul)
+                                           - 1);  // drops the trailing NUL
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(FAIL() << string_with_nul,
+                       "Here's a NUL\\0 and some more string");
+}
+
+// Tests that we can output a NUL char.
+TEST(StreamableTest, NULChar) {
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    FAIL() << "A NUL" << '\0' << " and some more string";
+  }, "A NUL\\0 and some more string");
+}
+
+// Tests using int as an assertion message.
+TEST(StreamableTest, int) {
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(FAIL() << 900913,
+                       "900913");
+}
+
+// Tests using NULL char pointer as an assertion message.
+//
+// In MSVC, streaming a NULL char * causes access violation.  Google Test
+// implemented a workaround (substituting "(null)" for NULL).  This
+// tests whether the workaround works.
+TEST(StreamableTest, NullCharPtr) {
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(FAIL() << static_cast<const char*>(NULL),
+                       "(null)");
+}
+
+// Tests that basic IO manipulators (endl, ends, and flush) can be
+// streamed to testing::Message.
+TEST(StreamableTest, BasicIoManip) {
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    FAIL() << "Line 1." << std::endl
+           << "A NUL char " << std::ends << std::flush << " in line 2.";
+  }, "Line 1.\nA NUL char \\0 in line 2.");
+}
+
+// Tests the macros that haven't been covered so far.
+
+void AddFailureHelper(bool* aborted) {
+  *aborted = true;
+  ADD_FAILURE() << "Intentional failure.";
+  *aborted = false;
+}
+
+// Tests ADD_FAILURE.
+TEST(MacroTest, ADD_FAILURE) {
+  bool aborted = true;
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(AddFailureHelper(&aborted),
+                          "Intentional failure.");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(aborted);
+}
+
+// Tests ADD_FAILURE_AT.
+TEST(MacroTest, ADD_FAILURE_AT) {
+  // Verifies that ADD_FAILURE_AT does generate a nonfatal failure and
+  // the failure message contains the user-streamed part.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(ADD_FAILURE_AT("foo.cc", 42) << "Wrong!", "Wrong!");
+
+  // Verifies that the user-streamed part is optional.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(ADD_FAILURE_AT("foo.cc", 42), "Failed");
+
+  // Unfortunately, we cannot verify that the failure message contains
+  // the right file path and line number the same way, as
+  // EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE() doesn't get to see the file path and
+  // line number.  Instead, we do that in gtest_output_test_.cc.
+}
+
+// Tests FAIL.
+TEST(MacroTest, FAIL) {
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(FAIL(),
+                       "Failed");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(FAIL() << "Intentional failure.",
+                       "Intentional failure.");
+}
+
+// Tests SUCCEED
+TEST(MacroTest, SUCCEED) {
+  SUCCEED();
+  SUCCEED() << "Explicit success.";
+}
+
+// Tests for EXPECT_EQ() and ASSERT_EQ().
+//
+// These tests fail *intentionally*, s.t. the failure messages can be
+// generated and tested.
+//
+// We have different tests for different argument types.
+
+// Tests using bool values in {EXPECT|ASSERT}_EQ.
+TEST(EqAssertionTest, Bool) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(true,  true);
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({
+      bool false_value = false;
+      ASSERT_EQ(false_value, true);
+    }, "To be equal to: true");
+}
+
+// Tests using int values in {EXPECT|ASSERT}_EQ.
+TEST(EqAssertionTest, Int) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(32, 32);
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(32, 33),
+                          "33");
+}
+
+// Tests using time_t values in {EXPECT|ASSERT}_EQ.
+TEST(EqAssertionTest, Time_T) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<time_t>(0),
+            static_cast<time_t>(0));
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<time_t>(0),
+                                 static_cast<time_t>(1234)),
+                       "1234");
+}
+
+// Tests using char values in {EXPECT|ASSERT}_EQ.
+TEST(EqAssertionTest, Char) {
+  ASSERT_EQ('z', 'z');
+  const char ch = 'b';
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ('\0', ch),
+                          "ch");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ('a', ch),
+                          "ch");
+}
+
+// Tests using wchar_t values in {EXPECT|ASSERT}_EQ.
+TEST(EqAssertionTest, WideChar) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(L'b', L'b');
+
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(L'\0', L'x'),
+                          "      Expected: L'\0'\n"
+                          "      Which is: L'\0' (0, 0x0)\n"
+                          "To be equal to: L'x'\n"
+                          "      Which is: L'x' (120, 0x78)");
+
+  static wchar_t wchar;
+  wchar = L'b';
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(L'a', wchar),
+                          "wchar");
+  wchar = 0x8119;
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<wchar_t>(0x8120), wchar),
+                       "To be equal to: wchar");
+}
+
+// Tests using ::std::string values in {EXPECT|ASSERT}_EQ.
+TEST(EqAssertionTest, StdString) {
+  // Compares a const char* to an std::string that has identical
+  // content.
+  ASSERT_EQ("Test", ::std::string("Test"));
+
+  // Compares two identical std::strings.
+  static const ::std::string str1("A * in the middle");
+  static const ::std::string str2(str1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(str1, str2);
+
+  // Compares a const char* to an std::string that has different
+  // content
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ("Test", ::std::string("test")),
+                          "\"test\"");
+
+  // Compares an std::string to a char* that has different content.
+  char* const p1 = const_cast<char*>("foo");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(::std::string("bar"), p1),
+                          "p1");
+
+  // Compares two std::strings that have different contents, one of
+  // which having a NUL character in the middle.  This should fail.
+  static ::std::string str3(str1);
+  str3.at(2) = '\0';
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(str1, str3),
+                       "To be equal to: str3\n"
+                       "      Which is: \"A \\0 in the middle\"");
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+
+// Tests using ::std::wstring values in {EXPECT|ASSERT}_EQ.
+TEST(EqAssertionTest, StdWideString) {
+  // Compares two identical std::wstrings.
+  const ::std::wstring wstr1(L"A * in the middle");
+  const ::std::wstring wstr2(wstr1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(wstr1, wstr2);
+
+  // Compares an std::wstring to a const wchar_t* that has identical
+  // content.
+  const wchar_t kTestX8119[] = { 'T', 'e', 's', 't', 0x8119, '\0' };
+  EXPECT_EQ(::std::wstring(kTestX8119), kTestX8119);
+
+  // Compares an std::wstring to a const wchar_t* that has different
+  // content.
+  const wchar_t kTestX8120[] = { 'T', 'e', 's', 't', 0x8120, '\0' };
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_EQ(::std::wstring(kTestX8119), kTestX8120);
+  }, "kTestX8120");
+
+  // Compares two std::wstrings that have different contents, one of
+  // which having a NUL character in the middle.
+  ::std::wstring wstr3(wstr1);
+  wstr3.at(2) = L'\0';
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(wstr1, wstr3),
+                          "wstr3");
+
+  // Compares a wchar_t* to an std::wstring that has different
+  // content.
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_EQ(const_cast<wchar_t*>(L"foo"), ::std::wstring(L"bar"));
+  }, "");
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+// Tests using ::string values in {EXPECT|ASSERT}_EQ.
+TEST(EqAssertionTest, GlobalString) {
+  // Compares a const char* to a ::string that has identical content.
+  EXPECT_EQ("Test", ::string("Test"));
+
+  // Compares two identical ::strings.
+  const ::string str1("A * in the middle");
+  const ::string str2(str1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(str1, str2);
+
+  // Compares a ::string to a const char* that has different content.
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(::string("Test"), "test"),
+                          "test");
+
+  // Compares two ::strings that have different contents, one of which
+  // having a NUL character in the middle.
+  ::string str3(str1);
+  str3.at(2) = '\0';
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(str1, str3),
+                          "str3");
+
+  // Compares a ::string to a char* that has different content.
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ASSERT_EQ(::string("bar"), const_cast<char*>("foo"));
+  }, "");
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+
+// Tests using ::wstring values in {EXPECT|ASSERT}_EQ.
+TEST(EqAssertionTest, GlobalWideString) {
+  // Compares two identical ::wstrings.
+  static const ::wstring wstr1(L"A * in the middle");
+  static const ::wstring wstr2(wstr1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(wstr1, wstr2);
+
+  // Compares a const wchar_t* to a ::wstring that has identical content.
+  const wchar_t kTestX8119[] = { 'T', 'e', 's', 't', 0x8119, '\0' };
+  ASSERT_EQ(kTestX8119, ::wstring(kTestX8119));
+
+  // Compares a const wchar_t* to a ::wstring that has different
+  // content.
+  const wchar_t kTestX8120[] = { 'T', 'e', 's', 't', 0x8120, '\0' };
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    EXPECT_EQ(kTestX8120, ::wstring(kTestX8119));
+  }, "Test\\x8119");
+
+  // Compares a wchar_t* to a ::wstring that has different content.
+  wchar_t* const p1 = const_cast<wchar_t*>(L"foo");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(p1, ::wstring(L"bar")),
+                          "bar");
+
+  // Compares two ::wstrings that have different contents, one of which
+  // having a NUL character in the middle.
+  static ::wstring wstr3;
+  wstr3 = wstr1;
+  wstr3.at(2) = L'\0';
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(wstr1, wstr3),
+                       "wstr3");
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+
+// Tests using char pointers in {EXPECT|ASSERT}_EQ.
+TEST(EqAssertionTest, CharPointer) {
+  char* const p0 = NULL;
+  // Only way to get the Nokia compiler to compile the cast
+  // is to have a separate void* variable first. Putting
+  // the two casts on the same line doesn't work, neither does
+  // a direct C-style to char*.
+  void* pv1 = (void*)0x1234;  // NOLINT
+  void* pv2 = (void*)0xABC0;  // NOLINT
+  char* const p1 = reinterpret_cast<char*>(pv1);
+  char* const p2 = reinterpret_cast<char*>(pv2);
+  ASSERT_EQ(p1, p1);
+
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(p0, p2),
+                          "To be equal to: p2");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(p1, p2),
+                          "p2");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<char*>(0x1234),
+                                 reinterpret_cast<char*>(0xABC0)),
+                       "ABC0");
+}
+
+// Tests using wchar_t pointers in {EXPECT|ASSERT}_EQ.
+TEST(EqAssertionTest, WideCharPointer) {
+  wchar_t* const p0 = NULL;
+  // Only way to get the Nokia compiler to compile the cast
+  // is to have a separate void* variable first. Putting
+  // the two casts on the same line doesn't work, neither does
+  // a direct C-style to char*.
+  void* pv1 = (void*)0x1234;  // NOLINT
+  void* pv2 = (void*)0xABC0;  // NOLINT
+  wchar_t* const p1 = reinterpret_cast<wchar_t*>(pv1);
+  wchar_t* const p2 = reinterpret_cast<wchar_t*>(pv2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(p0, p0);
+
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(p0, p2),
+                          "To be equal to: p2");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(p1, p2),
+                          "p2");
+  void* pv3 = (void*)0x1234;  // NOLINT
+  void* pv4 = (void*)0xABC0;  // NOLINT
+  const wchar_t* p3 = reinterpret_cast<const wchar_t*>(pv3);
+  const wchar_t* p4 = reinterpret_cast<const wchar_t*>(pv4);
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(p3, p4),
+                          "p4");
+}
+
+// Tests using other types of pointers in {EXPECT|ASSERT}_EQ.
+TEST(EqAssertionTest, OtherPointer) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<const int*>(NULL),
+            static_cast<const int*>(NULL));
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<const int*>(NULL),
+                                 reinterpret_cast<const int*>(0x1234)),
+                       "0x1234");
+}
+
+// A class that supports binary comparison operators but not streaming.
+class UnprintableChar {
+ public:
+  explicit UnprintableChar(char ch) : char_(ch) {}
+
+  bool operator==(const UnprintableChar& rhs) const {
+    return char_ == rhs.char_;
+  }
+  bool operator!=(const UnprintableChar& rhs) const {
+    return char_ != rhs.char_;
+  }
+  bool operator<(const UnprintableChar& rhs) const {
+    return char_ < rhs.char_;
+  }
+  bool operator<=(const UnprintableChar& rhs) const {
+    return char_ <= rhs.char_;
+  }
+  bool operator>(const UnprintableChar& rhs) const {
+    return char_ > rhs.char_;
+  }
+  bool operator>=(const UnprintableChar& rhs) const {
+    return char_ >= rhs.char_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  char char_;
+};
+
+// Tests that ASSERT_EQ() and friends don't require the arguments to
+// be printable.
+TEST(ComparisonAssertionTest, AcceptsUnprintableArgs) {
+  const UnprintableChar x('x'), y('y');
+  ASSERT_EQ(x, x);
+  EXPECT_NE(x, y);
+  ASSERT_LT(x, y);
+  EXPECT_LE(x, y);
+  ASSERT_GT(y, x);
+  EXPECT_GE(x, x);
+
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(x, y), "1-byte object <78>");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(x, y), "1-byte object <79>");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_LT(y, y), "1-byte object <79>");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_GT(x, y), "1-byte object <78>");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_GT(x, y), "1-byte object <79>");
+
+  // Code tested by EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE cannot reference local
+  // variables, so we have to write UnprintableChar('x') instead of x.
+#ifndef __BORLANDC__
+  // ICE's in C++Builder.
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_NE(UnprintableChar('x'), UnprintableChar('x')),
+                       "1-byte object <78>");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_LE(UnprintableChar('y'), UnprintableChar('x')),
+                       "1-byte object <78>");
+#endif
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_LE(UnprintableChar('y'), UnprintableChar('x')),
+                       "1-byte object <79>");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_GE(UnprintableChar('x'), UnprintableChar('y')),
+                       "1-byte object <78>");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_GE(UnprintableChar('x'), UnprintableChar('y')),
+                       "1-byte object <79>");
+}
+
+// Tests the FRIEND_TEST macro.
+
+// This class has a private member we want to test.  We will test it
+// both in a TEST and in a TEST_F.
+class Foo {
+ public:
+  Foo() {}
+
+ private:
+  int Bar() const { return 1; }
+
+  // Declares the friend tests that can access the private member
+  // Bar().
+  FRIEND_TEST(FRIEND_TEST_Test, TEST);
+  FRIEND_TEST(FRIEND_TEST_Test2, TEST_F);
+};
+
+// Tests that the FRIEND_TEST declaration allows a TEST to access a
+// class's private members.  This should compile.
+TEST(FRIEND_TEST_Test, TEST) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, Foo().Bar());
+}
+
+// The fixture needed to test using FRIEND_TEST with TEST_F.
+class FRIEND_TEST_Test2 : public Test {
+ protected:
+  Foo foo;
+};
+
+// Tests that the FRIEND_TEST declaration allows a TEST_F to access a
+// class's private members.  This should compile.
+TEST_F(FRIEND_TEST_Test2, TEST_F) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, foo.Bar());
+}
+
+// Tests the life cycle of Test objects.
+
+// The test fixture for testing the life cycle of Test objects.
+//
+// This class counts the number of live test objects that uses this
+// fixture.
+class TestLifeCycleTest : public Test {
+ protected:
+  // Constructor.  Increments the number of test objects that uses
+  // this fixture.
+  TestLifeCycleTest() { count_++; }
+
+  // Destructor.  Decrements the number of test objects that uses this
+  // fixture.
+  ~TestLifeCycleTest() { count_--; }
+
+  // Returns the number of live test objects that uses this fixture.
+  int count() const { return count_; }
+
+ private:
+  static int count_;
+};
+
+int TestLifeCycleTest::count_ = 0;
+
+// Tests the life cycle of test objects.
+TEST_F(TestLifeCycleTest, Test1) {
+  // There should be only one test object in this test case that's
+  // currently alive.
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, count());
+}
+
+// Tests the life cycle of test objects.
+TEST_F(TestLifeCycleTest, Test2) {
+  // After Test1 is done and Test2 is started, there should still be
+  // only one live test object, as the object for Test1 should've been
+  // deleted.
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, count());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// Tests that the copy constructor works when it is NOT optimized away by
+// the compiler.
+TEST(AssertionResultTest, CopyConstructorWorksWhenNotOptimied) {
+  // Checks that the copy constructor doesn't try to dereference NULL pointers
+  // in the source object.
+  AssertionResult r1 = AssertionSuccess();
+  AssertionResult r2 = r1;
+  // The following line is added to prevent the compiler from optimizing
+  // away the constructor call.
+  r1 << "abc";
+
+  AssertionResult r3 = r1;
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<bool>(r3), static_cast<bool>(r1));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("abc", r1.message());
+}
+
+// Tests that AssertionSuccess and AssertionFailure construct
+// AssertionResult objects as expected.
+TEST(AssertionResultTest, ConstructionWorks) {
+  AssertionResult r1 = AssertionSuccess();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(r1);
+  EXPECT_STREQ("", r1.message());
+
+  AssertionResult r2 = AssertionSuccess() << "abc";
+  EXPECT_TRUE(r2);
+  EXPECT_STREQ("abc", r2.message());
+
+  AssertionResult r3 = AssertionFailure();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(r3);
+  EXPECT_STREQ("", r3.message());
+
+  AssertionResult r4 = AssertionFailure() << "def";
+  EXPECT_FALSE(r4);
+  EXPECT_STREQ("def", r4.message());
+
+  AssertionResult r5 = AssertionFailure(Message() << "ghi");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(r5);
+  EXPECT_STREQ("ghi", r5.message());
+}
+
+// Tests that the negation flips the predicate result but keeps the message.
+TEST(AssertionResultTest, NegationWorks) {
+  AssertionResult r1 = AssertionSuccess() << "abc";
+  EXPECT_FALSE(!r1);
+  EXPECT_STREQ("abc", (!r1).message());
+
+  AssertionResult r2 = AssertionFailure() << "def";
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!r2);
+  EXPECT_STREQ("def", (!r2).message());
+}
+
+TEST(AssertionResultTest, StreamingWorks) {
+  AssertionResult r = AssertionSuccess();
+  r << "abc" << 'd' << 0 << true;
+  EXPECT_STREQ("abcd0true", r.message());
+}
+
+TEST(AssertionResultTest, CanStreamOstreamManipulators) {
+  AssertionResult r = AssertionSuccess();
+  r << "Data" << std::endl << std::flush << std::ends << "Will be visible";
+  EXPECT_STREQ("Data\n\\0Will be visible", r.message());
+}
+
+// The next test uses explicit conversion operators -- a C++11 feature.
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+
+TEST(AssertionResultTest, ConstructibleFromContextuallyConvertibleToBool) {
+  struct ExplicitlyConvertibleToBool {
+    explicit operator bool() const { return value; }
+    bool value;
+  };
+  ExplicitlyConvertibleToBool v1 = {false};
+  ExplicitlyConvertibleToBool v2 = {true};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(v1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(v2);
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+
+struct ConvertibleToAssertionResult {
+  operator AssertionResult() const { return AssertionResult(true); }
+};
+
+TEST(AssertionResultTest, ConstructibleFromImplicitlyConvertible) {
+  ConvertibleToAssertionResult obj;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(obj);
+}
+
+// Tests streaming a user type whose definition and operator << are
+// both in the global namespace.
+class Base {
+ public:
+  explicit Base(int an_x) : x_(an_x) {}
+  int x() const { return x_; }
+ private:
+  int x_;
+};
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,
+                         const Base& val) {
+  return os << val.x();
+}
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,
+                         const Base* pointer) {
+  return os << "(" << pointer->x() << ")";
+}
+
+TEST(MessageTest, CanStreamUserTypeInGlobalNameSpace) {
+  Message msg;
+  Base a(1);
+
+  msg << a << &a;  // Uses ::operator<<.
+  EXPECT_STREQ("1(1)", msg.GetString().c_str());
+}
+
+// Tests streaming a user type whose definition and operator<< are
+// both in an unnamed namespace.
+namespace {
+class MyTypeInUnnamedNameSpace : public Base {
+ public:
+  explicit MyTypeInUnnamedNameSpace(int an_x): Base(an_x) {}
+};
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,
+                         const MyTypeInUnnamedNameSpace& val) {
+  return os << val.x();
+}
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,
+                         const MyTypeInUnnamedNameSpace* pointer) {
+  return os << "(" << pointer->x() << ")";
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(MessageTest, CanStreamUserTypeInUnnamedNameSpace) {
+  Message msg;
+  MyTypeInUnnamedNameSpace a(1);
+
+  msg << a << &a;  // Uses <unnamed_namespace>::operator<<.
+  EXPECT_STREQ("1(1)", msg.GetString().c_str());
+}
+
+// Tests streaming a user type whose definition and operator<< are
+// both in a user namespace.
+namespace namespace1 {
+class MyTypeInNameSpace1 : public Base {
+ public:
+  explicit MyTypeInNameSpace1(int an_x): Base(an_x) {}
+};
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,
+                         const MyTypeInNameSpace1& val) {
+  return os << val.x();
+}
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,
+                         const MyTypeInNameSpace1* pointer) {
+  return os << "(" << pointer->x() << ")";
+}
+}  // namespace namespace1
+
+TEST(MessageTest, CanStreamUserTypeInUserNameSpace) {
+  Message msg;
+  namespace1::MyTypeInNameSpace1 a(1);
+
+  msg << a << &a;  // Uses namespace1::operator<<.
+  EXPECT_STREQ("1(1)", msg.GetString().c_str());
+}
+
+// Tests streaming a user type whose definition is in a user namespace
+// but whose operator<< is in the global namespace.
+namespace namespace2 {
+class MyTypeInNameSpace2 : public ::Base {
+ public:
+  explicit MyTypeInNameSpace2(int an_x): Base(an_x) {}
+};
+}  // namespace namespace2
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,
+                         const namespace2::MyTypeInNameSpace2& val) {
+  return os << val.x();
+}
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,
+                         const namespace2::MyTypeInNameSpace2* pointer) {
+  return os << "(" << pointer->x() << ")";
+}
+
+TEST(MessageTest, CanStreamUserTypeInUserNameSpaceWithStreamOperatorInGlobal) {
+  Message msg;
+  namespace2::MyTypeInNameSpace2 a(1);
+
+  msg << a << &a;  // Uses ::operator<<.
+  EXPECT_STREQ("1(1)", msg.GetString().c_str());
+}
+
+// Tests streaming NULL pointers to testing::Message.
+TEST(MessageTest, NullPointers) {
+  Message msg;
+  char* const p1 = NULL;
+  unsigned char* const p2 = NULL;
+  int* p3 = NULL;
+  double* p4 = NULL;
+  bool* p5 = NULL;
+  Message* p6 = NULL;
+
+  msg << p1 << p2 << p3 << p4 << p5 << p6;
+  ASSERT_STREQ("(null)(null)(null)(null)(null)(null)",
+               msg.GetString().c_str());
+}
+
+// Tests streaming wide strings to testing::Message.
+TEST(MessageTest, WideStrings) {
+  // Streams a NULL of type const wchar_t*.
+  const wchar_t* const_wstr = NULL;
+  EXPECT_STREQ("(null)",
+               (Message() << const_wstr).GetString().c_str());
+
+  // Streams a NULL of type wchar_t*.
+  wchar_t* wstr = NULL;
+  EXPECT_STREQ("(null)",
+               (Message() << wstr).GetString().c_str());
+
+  // Streams a non-NULL of type const wchar_t*.
+  const_wstr = L"abc\x8119";
+  EXPECT_STREQ("abc\xe8\x84\x99",
+               (Message() << const_wstr).GetString().c_str());
+
+  // Streams a non-NULL of type wchar_t*.
+  wstr = const_cast<wchar_t*>(const_wstr);
+  EXPECT_STREQ("abc\xe8\x84\x99",
+               (Message() << wstr).GetString().c_str());
+}
+
+
+// This line tests that we can define tests in the testing namespace.
+namespace testing {
+
+// Tests the TestInfo class.
+
+class TestInfoTest : public Test {
+ protected:
+  static const TestInfo* GetTestInfo(const char* test_name) {
+    const TestCase* const test_case = GetUnitTestImpl()->
+        GetTestCase("TestInfoTest", "", NULL, NULL);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < test_case->total_test_count(); ++i) {
+      const TestInfo* const test_info = test_case->GetTestInfo(i);
+      if (strcmp(test_name, test_info->name()) == 0)
+        return test_info;
+    }
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  static const TestResult* GetTestResult(
+      const TestInfo* test_info) {
+    return test_info->result();
+  }
+};
+
+// Tests TestInfo::test_case_name() and TestInfo::name().
+TEST_F(TestInfoTest, Names) {
+  const TestInfo* const test_info = GetTestInfo("Names");
+
+  ASSERT_STREQ("TestInfoTest", test_info->test_case_name());
+  ASSERT_STREQ("Names", test_info->name());
+}
+
+// Tests TestInfo::result().
+TEST_F(TestInfoTest, result) {
+  const TestInfo* const test_info = GetTestInfo("result");
+
+  // Initially, there is no TestPartResult for this test.
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, GetTestResult(test_info)->total_part_count());
+
+  // After the previous assertion, there is still none.
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, GetTestResult(test_info)->total_part_count());
+}
+
+#define VERIFY_CODE_LOCATION \
+  const int expected_line = __LINE__ - 1; \
+  const TestInfo* const test_info = GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_info(); \
+  ASSERT_TRUE(test_info); \
+  EXPECT_STREQ(__FILE__, test_info->file()); \
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_line, test_info->line())
+
+TEST(CodeLocationForTEST, Verify) {
+  VERIFY_CODE_LOCATION;
+}
+
+class CodeLocationForTESTF : public Test {
+};
+
+TEST_F(CodeLocationForTESTF, Verify) {
+  VERIFY_CODE_LOCATION;
+}
+
+class CodeLocationForTESTP : public TestWithParam<int> {
+};
+
+TEST_P(CodeLocationForTESTP, Verify) {
+  VERIFY_CODE_LOCATION;
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(, CodeLocationForTESTP, Values(0));
+
+template <typename T>
+class CodeLocationForTYPEDTEST : public Test {
+};
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE(CodeLocationForTYPEDTEST, int);
+
+TYPED_TEST(CodeLocationForTYPEDTEST, Verify) {
+  VERIFY_CODE_LOCATION;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+class CodeLocationForTYPEDTESTP : public Test {
+};
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(CodeLocationForTYPEDTESTP);
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(CodeLocationForTYPEDTESTP, Verify) {
+  VERIFY_CODE_LOCATION;
+}
+
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(CodeLocationForTYPEDTESTP, Verify);
+
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, CodeLocationForTYPEDTESTP, int);
+
+#undef VERIFY_CODE_LOCATION
+
+// Tests setting up and tearing down a test case.
+
+class SetUpTestCaseTest : public Test {
+ protected:
+  // This will be called once before the first test in this test case
+  // is run.
+  static void SetUpTestCase() {
+    printf("Setting up the test case . . .\n");
+
+    // Initializes some shared resource.  In this simple example, we
+    // just create a C string.  More complex stuff can be done if
+    // desired.
+    shared_resource_ = "123";
+
+    // Increments the number of test cases that have been set up.
+    counter_++;
+
+    // SetUpTestCase() should be called only once.
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, counter_);
+  }
+
+  // This will be called once after the last test in this test case is
+  // run.
+  static void TearDownTestCase() {
+    printf("Tearing down the test case . . .\n");
+
+    // Decrements the number of test cases that have been set up.
+    counter_--;
+
+    // TearDownTestCase() should be called only once.
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, counter_);
+
+    // Cleans up the shared resource.
+    shared_resource_ = NULL;
+  }
+
+  // This will be called before each test in this test case.
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    // SetUpTestCase() should be called only once, so counter_ should
+    // always be 1.
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, counter_);
+  }
+
+  // Number of test cases that have been set up.
+  static int counter_;
+
+  // Some resource to be shared by all tests in this test case.
+  static const char* shared_resource_;
+};
+
+int SetUpTestCaseTest::counter_ = 0;
+const char* SetUpTestCaseTest::shared_resource_ = NULL;
+
+// A test that uses the shared resource.
+TEST_F(SetUpTestCaseTest, Test1) {
+  EXPECT_STRNE(NULL, shared_resource_);
+}
+
+// Another test that uses the shared resource.
+TEST_F(SetUpTestCaseTest, Test2) {
+  EXPECT_STREQ("123", shared_resource_);
+}
+
+// The InitGoogleTestTest test case tests testing::InitGoogleTest().
+
+// The Flags struct stores a copy of all Google Test flags.
+struct Flags {
+  // Constructs a Flags struct where each flag has its default value.
+  Flags() : also_run_disabled_tests(false),
+            break_on_failure(false),
+            catch_exceptions(false),
+            death_test_use_fork(false),
+            filter(""),
+            list_tests(false),
+            output(""),
+            print_time(true),
+            random_seed(0),
+            repeat(1),
+            shuffle(false),
+            stack_trace_depth(kMaxStackTraceDepth),
+            stream_result_to(""),
+            throw_on_failure(false) {}
+
+  // Factory methods.
+
+  // Creates a Flags struct where the gtest_also_run_disabled_tests flag has
+  // the given value.
+  static Flags AlsoRunDisabledTests(bool also_run_disabled_tests) {
+    Flags flags;
+    flags.also_run_disabled_tests = also_run_disabled_tests;
+    return flags;
+  }
+
+  // Creates a Flags struct where the gtest_break_on_failure flag has
+  // the given value.
+  static Flags BreakOnFailure(bool break_on_failure) {
+    Flags flags;
+    flags.break_on_failure = break_on_failure;
+    return flags;
+  }
+
+  // Creates a Flags struct where the gtest_catch_exceptions flag has
+  // the given value.
+  static Flags CatchExceptions(bool catch_exceptions) {
+    Flags flags;
+    flags.catch_exceptions = catch_exceptions;
+    return flags;
+  }
+
+  // Creates a Flags struct where the gtest_death_test_use_fork flag has
+  // the given value.
+  static Flags DeathTestUseFork(bool death_test_use_fork) {
+    Flags flags;
+    flags.death_test_use_fork = death_test_use_fork;
+    return flags;
+  }
+
+  // Creates a Flags struct where the gtest_filter flag has the given
+  // value.
+  static Flags Filter(const char* filter) {
+    Flags flags;
+    flags.filter = filter;
+    return flags;
+  }
+
+  // Creates a Flags struct where the gtest_list_tests flag has the
+  // given value.
+  static Flags ListTests(bool list_tests) {
+    Flags flags;
+    flags.list_tests = list_tests;
+    return flags;
+  }
+
+  // Creates a Flags struct where the gtest_output flag has the given
+  // value.
+  static Flags Output(const char* output) {
+    Flags flags;
+    flags.output = output;
+    return flags;
+  }
+
+  // Creates a Flags struct where the gtest_print_time flag has the given
+  // value.
+  static Flags PrintTime(bool print_time) {
+    Flags flags;
+    flags.print_time = print_time;
+    return flags;
+  }
+
+  // Creates a Flags struct where the gtest_random_seed flag has
+  // the given value.
+  static Flags RandomSeed(Int32 random_seed) {
+    Flags flags;
+    flags.random_seed = random_seed;
+    return flags;
+  }
+
+  // Creates a Flags struct where the gtest_repeat flag has the given
+  // value.
+  static Flags Repeat(Int32 repeat) {
+    Flags flags;
+    flags.repeat = repeat;
+    return flags;
+  }
+
+  // Creates a Flags struct where the gtest_shuffle flag has
+  // the given value.
+  static Flags Shuffle(bool shuffle) {
+    Flags flags;
+    flags.shuffle = shuffle;
+    return flags;
+  }
+
+  // Creates a Flags struct where the GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth) flag has
+  // the given value.
+  static Flags StackTraceDepth(Int32 stack_trace_depth) {
+    Flags flags;
+    flags.stack_trace_depth = stack_trace_depth;
+    return flags;
+  }
+
+  // Creates a Flags struct where the GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to) flag has
+  // the given value.
+  static Flags StreamResultTo(const char* stream_result_to) {
+    Flags flags;
+    flags.stream_result_to = stream_result_to;
+    return flags;
+  }
+
+  // Creates a Flags struct where the gtest_throw_on_failure flag has
+  // the given value.
+  static Flags ThrowOnFailure(bool throw_on_failure) {
+    Flags flags;
+    flags.throw_on_failure = throw_on_failure;
+    return flags;
+  }
+
+  // These fields store the flag values.
+  bool also_run_disabled_tests;
+  bool break_on_failure;
+  bool catch_exceptions;
+  bool death_test_use_fork;
+  const char* filter;
+  bool list_tests;
+  const char* output;
+  bool print_time;
+  Int32 random_seed;
+  Int32 repeat;
+  bool shuffle;
+  Int32 stack_trace_depth;
+  const char* stream_result_to;
+  bool throw_on_failure;
+};
+
+// Fixture for testing InitGoogleTest().
+class InitGoogleTestTest : public Test {
+ protected:
+  // Clears the flags before each test.
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests) = false;
+    GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure) = false;
+    GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions) = false;
+    GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork) = false;
+    GTEST_FLAG(filter) = "";
+    GTEST_FLAG(list_tests) = false;
+    GTEST_FLAG(output) = "";
+    GTEST_FLAG(print_time) = true;
+    GTEST_FLAG(random_seed) = 0;
+    GTEST_FLAG(repeat) = 1;
+    GTEST_FLAG(shuffle) = false;
+    GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth) = kMaxStackTraceDepth;
+    GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to) = "";
+    GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = false;
+  }
+
+  // Asserts that two narrow or wide string arrays are equal.
+  template <typename CharType>
+  static void AssertStringArrayEq(size_t size1, CharType** array1,
+                                  size_t size2, CharType** array2) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(size1, size2) << " Array sizes different.";
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i != size1; i++) {
+      ASSERT_STREQ(array1[i], array2[i]) << " where i == " << i;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Verifies that the flag values match the expected values.
+  static void CheckFlags(const Flags& expected) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected.also_run_disabled_tests,
+              GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests));
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected.break_on_failure, GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure));
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected.catch_exceptions, GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions));
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected.death_test_use_fork, GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork));
+    EXPECT_STREQ(expected.filter, GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str());
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected.list_tests, GTEST_FLAG(list_tests));
+    EXPECT_STREQ(expected.output, GTEST_FLAG(output).c_str());
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected.print_time, GTEST_FLAG(print_time));
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected.random_seed, GTEST_FLAG(random_seed));
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected.repeat, GTEST_FLAG(repeat));
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected.shuffle, GTEST_FLAG(shuffle));
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected.stack_trace_depth, GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth));
+    EXPECT_STREQ(expected.stream_result_to,
+                 GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to).c_str());
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected.throw_on_failure, GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure));
+  }
+
+  // Parses a command line (specified by argc1 and argv1), then
+  // verifies that the flag values are expected and that the
+  // recognized flags are removed from the command line.
+  template <typename CharType>
+  static void TestParsingFlags(int argc1, const CharType** argv1,
+                               int argc2, const CharType** argv2,
+                               const Flags& expected, bool should_print_help) {
+    const bool saved_help_flag = ::testing::internal::g_help_flag;
+    ::testing::internal::g_help_flag = false;
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
+    CaptureStdout();
+#endif
+
+    // Parses the command line.
+    internal::ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(&argc1, const_cast<CharType**>(argv1));
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
+    const std::string captured_stdout = GetCapturedStdout();
+#endif
+
+    // Verifies the flag values.
+    CheckFlags(expected);
+
+    // Verifies that the recognized flags are removed from the command
+    // line.
+    AssertStringArrayEq(argc1 + 1, argv1, argc2 + 1, argv2);
+
+    // ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly should neither set g_help_flag nor print the
+    // help message for the flags it recognizes.
+    EXPECT_EQ(should_print_help, ::testing::internal::g_help_flag);
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
+    const char* const expected_help_fragment =
+        "This program contains tests written using";
+    if (should_print_help) {
+      EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(IsSubstring, expected_help_fragment, captured_stdout);
+    } else {
+      EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(IsNotSubstring,
+                          expected_help_fragment, captured_stdout);
+    }
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
+
+    ::testing::internal::g_help_flag = saved_help_flag;
+  }
+
+  // This macro wraps TestParsingFlags s.t. the user doesn't need
+  // to specify the array sizes.
+
+#define GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv1, argv2, expected, should_print_help) \
+  TestParsingFlags(sizeof(argv1)/sizeof(*argv1) - 1, argv1, \
+                   sizeof(argv2)/sizeof(*argv2) - 1, argv2, \
+                   expected, should_print_help)
+};
+
+// Tests parsing an empty command line.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, Empty) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags(), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing a command line that has no flag.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, NoFlag) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags(), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing a bad --gtest_filter flag.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, FilterBad) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_filter",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_filter",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::Filter(""), true);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing an empty --gtest_filter flag.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, FilterEmpty) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_filter=",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::Filter(""), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing a non-empty --gtest_filter flag.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, FilterNonEmpty) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_filter=abc",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::Filter("abc"), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing --gtest_break_on_failure.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, BreakOnFailureWithoutValue) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_break_on_failure",
+    NULL
+};
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::BreakOnFailure(true), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing --gtest_break_on_failure=0.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, BreakOnFailureFalse_0) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_break_on_failure=0",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::BreakOnFailure(false), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing --gtest_break_on_failure=f.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, BreakOnFailureFalse_f) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_break_on_failure=f",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::BreakOnFailure(false), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing --gtest_break_on_failure=F.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, BreakOnFailureFalse_F) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_break_on_failure=F",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::BreakOnFailure(false), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing a --gtest_break_on_failure flag that has a "true"
+// definition.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, BreakOnFailureTrue) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_break_on_failure=1",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::BreakOnFailure(true), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing --gtest_catch_exceptions.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, CatchExceptions) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_catch_exceptions",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::CatchExceptions(true), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing --gtest_death_test_use_fork.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, DeathTestUseFork) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_death_test_use_fork",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::DeathTestUseFork(true), false);
+}
+
+// Tests having the same flag twice with different values.  The
+// expected behavior is that the one coming last takes precedence.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, DuplicatedFlags) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_filter=a",
+    "--gtest_filter=b",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::Filter("b"), false);
+}
+
+// Tests having an unrecognized flag on the command line.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, UnrecognizedFlag) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_break_on_failure",
+    "bar",  // Unrecognized by Google Test.
+    "--gtest_filter=b",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "bar",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  Flags flags;
+  flags.break_on_failure = true;
+  flags.filter = "b";
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, flags, false);
+}
+
+// Tests having a --gtest_list_tests flag
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, ListTestsFlag) {
+    const char* argv[] = {
+      "foo.exe",
+      "--gtest_list_tests",
+      NULL
+    };
+
+    const char* argv2[] = {
+      "foo.exe",
+      NULL
+    };
+
+    GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::ListTests(true), false);
+}
+
+// Tests having a --gtest_list_tests flag with a "true" value
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, ListTestsTrue) {
+    const char* argv[] = {
+      "foo.exe",
+      "--gtest_list_tests=1",
+      NULL
+    };
+
+    const char* argv2[] = {
+      "foo.exe",
+      NULL
+    };
+
+    GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::ListTests(true), false);
+}
+
+// Tests having a --gtest_list_tests flag with a "false" value
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, ListTestsFalse) {
+    const char* argv[] = {
+      "foo.exe",
+      "--gtest_list_tests=0",
+      NULL
+    };
+
+    const char* argv2[] = {
+      "foo.exe",
+      NULL
+    };
+
+    GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::ListTests(false), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing --gtest_list_tests=f.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, ListTestsFalse_f) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_list_tests=f",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::ListTests(false), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing --gtest_list_tests=F.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, ListTestsFalse_F) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_list_tests=F",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::ListTests(false), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing --gtest_output (invalid).
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, OutputEmpty) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_output",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_output",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags(), true);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing --gtest_output=xml
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, OutputXml) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_output=xml",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::Output("xml"), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing --gtest_output=xml:file
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, OutputXmlFile) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_output=xml:file",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::Output("xml:file"), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing --gtest_output=xml:directory/path/
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, OutputXmlDirectory) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_output=xml:directory/path/",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2,
+                            Flags::Output("xml:directory/path/"), false);
+}
+
+// Tests having a --gtest_print_time flag
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, PrintTimeFlag) {
+    const char* argv[] = {
+      "foo.exe",
+      "--gtest_print_time",
+      NULL
+    };
+
+    const char* argv2[] = {
+      "foo.exe",
+      NULL
+    };
+
+    GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::PrintTime(true), false);
+}
+
+// Tests having a --gtest_print_time flag with a "true" value
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, PrintTimeTrue) {
+    const char* argv[] = {
+      "foo.exe",
+      "--gtest_print_time=1",
+      NULL
+    };
+
+    const char* argv2[] = {
+      "foo.exe",
+      NULL
+    };
+
+    GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::PrintTime(true), false);
+}
+
+// Tests having a --gtest_print_time flag with a "false" value
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, PrintTimeFalse) {
+    const char* argv[] = {
+      "foo.exe",
+      "--gtest_print_time=0",
+      NULL
+    };
+
+    const char* argv2[] = {
+      "foo.exe",
+      NULL
+    };
+
+    GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::PrintTime(false), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing --gtest_print_time=f.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, PrintTimeFalse_f) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_print_time=f",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::PrintTime(false), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing --gtest_print_time=F.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, PrintTimeFalse_F) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_print_time=F",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::PrintTime(false), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing --gtest_random_seed=number
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, RandomSeed) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_random_seed=1000",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::RandomSeed(1000), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing --gtest_repeat=number
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, Repeat) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_repeat=1000",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::Repeat(1000), false);
+}
+
+// Tests having a --gtest_also_run_disabled_tests flag
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, AlsoRunDisabledTestsFlag) {
+    const char* argv[] = {
+      "foo.exe",
+      "--gtest_also_run_disabled_tests",
+      NULL
+    };
+
+    const char* argv2[] = {
+      "foo.exe",
+      NULL
+    };
+
+    GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2,
+                              Flags::AlsoRunDisabledTests(true), false);
+}
+
+// Tests having a --gtest_also_run_disabled_tests flag with a "true" value
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, AlsoRunDisabledTestsTrue) {
+    const char* argv[] = {
+      "foo.exe",
+      "--gtest_also_run_disabled_tests=1",
+      NULL
+    };
+
+    const char* argv2[] = {
+      "foo.exe",
+      NULL
+    };
+
+    GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2,
+                              Flags::AlsoRunDisabledTests(true), false);
+}
+
+// Tests having a --gtest_also_run_disabled_tests flag with a "false" value
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, AlsoRunDisabledTestsFalse) {
+    const char* argv[] = {
+      "foo.exe",
+      "--gtest_also_run_disabled_tests=0",
+      NULL
+    };
+
+    const char* argv2[] = {
+      "foo.exe",
+      NULL
+    };
+
+    GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2,
+                              Flags::AlsoRunDisabledTests(false), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing --gtest_shuffle.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, ShuffleWithoutValue) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_shuffle",
+    NULL
+};
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::Shuffle(true), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing --gtest_shuffle=0.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, ShuffleFalse_0) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_shuffle=0",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::Shuffle(false), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing a --gtest_shuffle flag that has a "true"
+// definition.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, ShuffleTrue) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_shuffle=1",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::Shuffle(true), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing --gtest_stack_trace_depth=number.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, StackTraceDepth) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_stack_trace_depth=5",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::StackTraceDepth(5), false);
+}
+
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, StreamResultTo) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_stream_result_to=localhost:1234",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(
+      argv, argv2, Flags::StreamResultTo("localhost:1234"), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing --gtest_throw_on_failure.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, ThrowOnFailureWithoutValue) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_throw_on_failure",
+    NULL
+};
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::ThrowOnFailure(true), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing --gtest_throw_on_failure=0.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, ThrowOnFailureFalse_0) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_throw_on_failure=0",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::ThrowOnFailure(false), false);
+}
+
+// Tests parsing a --gtest_throw_on_failure flag that has a "true"
+// definition.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, ThrowOnFailureTrue) {
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    "--gtest_throw_on_failure=1",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::ThrowOnFailure(true), false);
+}
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+// Tests parsing wide strings.
+TEST_F(InitGoogleTestTest, WideStrings) {
+  const wchar_t* argv[] = {
+    L"foo.exe",
+    L"--gtest_filter=Foo*",
+    L"--gtest_list_tests=1",
+    L"--gtest_break_on_failure",
+    L"--non_gtest_flag",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const wchar_t* argv2[] = {
+    L"foo.exe",
+    L"--non_gtest_flag",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  Flags expected_flags;
+  expected_flags.break_on_failure = true;
+  expected_flags.filter = "Foo*";
+  expected_flags.list_tests = true;
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, expected_flags, false);
+}
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+#if GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
+class FlagfileTest : public InitGoogleTestTest {
+ public:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    InitGoogleTestTest::SetUp();
+
+    testdata_path_.Set(internal::FilePath(
+        internal::TempDir() + internal::GetCurrentExecutableName().string() +
+        "_flagfile_test"));
+    testing::internal::posix::RmDir(testdata_path_.c_str());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(testdata_path_.CreateFolder());
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    testing::internal::posix::RmDir(testdata_path_.c_str());
+    InitGoogleTestTest::TearDown();
+  }
+
+  internal::FilePath CreateFlagfile(const char* contents) {
+    internal::FilePath file_path(internal::FilePath::GenerateUniqueFileName(
+        testdata_path_, internal::FilePath("unique"), "txt"));
+    FILE* f = testing::internal::posix::FOpen(file_path.c_str(), "w");
+    fprintf(f, "%s", contents);
+    fclose(f);
+    return file_path;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  internal::FilePath testdata_path_;
+};
+
+// Tests an empty flagfile.
+TEST_F(FlagfileTest, Empty) {
+  internal::FilePath flagfile_path(CreateFlagfile(""));
+  std::string flagfile_flag =
+      std::string("--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "flagfile=") + flagfile_path.c_str();
+
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    flagfile_flag.c_str(),
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags(), false);
+}
+
+// Tests passing a non-empty --gtest_filter flag via --gtest_flagfile.
+TEST_F(FlagfileTest, FilterNonEmpty) {
+  internal::FilePath flagfile_path(CreateFlagfile(
+      "--"  GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_  "filter=abc"));
+  std::string flagfile_flag =
+      std::string("--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "flagfile=") + flagfile_path.c_str();
+
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    flagfile_flag.c_str(),
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::Filter("abc"), false);
+}
+
+// Tests passing several flags via --gtest_flagfile.
+TEST_F(FlagfileTest, SeveralFlags) {
+  internal::FilePath flagfile_path(CreateFlagfile(
+      "--"  GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_  "filter=abc\n"
+      "--"  GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_  "break_on_failure\n"
+      "--"  GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_  "list_tests"));
+  std::string flagfile_flag =
+      std::string("--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "flagfile=") + flagfile_path.c_str();
+
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    flagfile_flag.c_str(),
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const char* argv2[] = {
+    "foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  Flags expected_flags;
+  expected_flags.break_on_failure = true;
+  expected_flags.filter = "abc";
+  expected_flags.list_tests = true;
+
+  GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, expected_flags, false);
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
+
+// Tests current_test_info() in UnitTest.
+class CurrentTestInfoTest : public Test {
+ protected:
+  // Tests that current_test_info() returns NULL before the first test in
+  // the test case is run.
+  static void SetUpTestCase() {
+    // There should be no tests running at this point.
+    const TestInfo* test_info =
+      UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(test_info == NULL)
+        << "There should be no tests running at this point.";
+  }
+
+  // Tests that current_test_info() returns NULL after the last test in
+  // the test case has run.
+  static void TearDownTestCase() {
+    const TestInfo* test_info =
+      UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(test_info == NULL)
+        << "There should be no tests running at this point.";
+  }
+};
+
+// Tests that current_test_info() returns TestInfo for currently running
+// test by checking the expected test name against the actual one.
+TEST_F(CurrentTestInfoTest, WorksForFirstTestInATestCase) {
+  const TestInfo* test_info =
+    UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(NULL != test_info)
+      << "There is a test running so we should have a valid TestInfo.";
+  EXPECT_STREQ("CurrentTestInfoTest", test_info->test_case_name())
+      << "Expected the name of the currently running test case.";
+  EXPECT_STREQ("WorksForFirstTestInATestCase", test_info->name())
+      << "Expected the name of the currently running test.";
+}
+
+// Tests that current_test_info() returns TestInfo for currently running
+// test by checking the expected test name against the actual one.  We
+// use this test to see that the TestInfo object actually changed from
+// the previous invocation.
+TEST_F(CurrentTestInfoTest, WorksForSecondTestInATestCase) {
+  const TestInfo* test_info =
+    UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(NULL != test_info)
+      << "There is a test running so we should have a valid TestInfo.";
+  EXPECT_STREQ("CurrentTestInfoTest", test_info->test_case_name())
+      << "Expected the name of the currently running test case.";
+  EXPECT_STREQ("WorksForSecondTestInATestCase", test_info->name())
+      << "Expected the name of the currently running test.";
+}
+
+}  // namespace testing
+
+// These two lines test that we can define tests in a namespace that
+// has the name "testing" and is nested in another namespace.
+namespace my_namespace {
+namespace testing {
+
+// Makes sure that TEST knows to use ::testing::Test instead of
+// ::my_namespace::testing::Test.
+class Test {};
+
+// Makes sure that an assertion knows to use ::testing::Message instead of
+// ::my_namespace::testing::Message.
+class Message {};
+
+// Makes sure that an assertion knows to use
+// ::testing::AssertionResult instead of
+// ::my_namespace::testing::AssertionResult.
+class AssertionResult {};
+
+// Tests that an assertion that should succeed works as expected.
+TEST(NestedTestingNamespaceTest, Success) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, 1) << "This shouldn't fail.";
+}
+
+// Tests that an assertion that should fail works as expected.
+TEST(NestedTestingNamespaceTest, Failure) {
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(FAIL() << "This failure is expected.",
+                       "This failure is expected.");
+}
+
+}  // namespace testing
+}  // namespace my_namespace
+
+// Tests that one can call superclass SetUp and TearDown methods--
+// that is, that they are not private.
+// No tests are based on this fixture; the test "passes" if it compiles
+// successfully.
+class ProtectedFixtureMethodsTest : public Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    Test::SetUp();
+  }
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    Test::TearDown();
+  }
+};
+
+// StreamingAssertionsTest tests the streaming versions of a representative
+// sample of assertions.
+TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, Unconditional) {
+  SUCCEED() << "expected success";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(ADD_FAILURE() << "expected failure",
+                          "expected failure");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(FAIL() << "expected failure",
+                       "expected failure");
+}
+
+#ifdef __BORLANDC__
+// Silences warnings: "Condition is always true", "Unreachable code"
+# pragma option push -w-ccc -w-rch
+#endif
+
+TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, Truth) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(true) << "unexpected failure";
+  ASSERT_TRUE(true) << "unexpected failure";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_TRUE(false) << "expected failure",
+                          "expected failure");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_TRUE(false) << "expected failure",
+                       "expected failure");
+}
+
+TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, Truth2) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(false) << "unexpected failure";
+  ASSERT_FALSE(false) << "unexpected failure";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FALSE(true) << "expected failure",
+                          "expected failure");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FALSE(true) << "expected failure",
+                       "expected failure");
+}
+
+#ifdef __BORLANDC__
+// Restores warnings after previous "#pragma option push" supressed them
+# pragma option pop
+#endif
+
+TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, IntegerEquals) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, 1) << "unexpected failure";
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, 1) << "unexpected failure";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(1, 2) << "expected failure",
+                          "expected failure");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(1, 2) << "expected failure",
+                       "expected failure");
+}
+
+TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, IntegerLessThan) {
+  EXPECT_LT(1, 2) << "unexpected failure";
+  ASSERT_LT(1, 2) << "unexpected failure";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_LT(2, 1) << "expected failure",
+                          "expected failure");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_LT(2, 1) << "expected failure",
+                       "expected failure");
+}
+
+TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, StringsEqual) {
+  EXPECT_STREQ("foo", "foo") << "unexpected failure";
+  ASSERT_STREQ("foo", "foo") << "unexpected failure";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STREQ("foo", "bar") << "expected failure",
+                          "expected failure");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STREQ("foo", "bar") << "expected failure",
+                       "expected failure");
+}
+
+TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, StringsNotEqual) {
+  EXPECT_STRNE("foo", "bar") << "unexpected failure";
+  ASSERT_STRNE("foo", "bar") << "unexpected failure";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STRNE("foo", "foo") << "expected failure",
+                          "expected failure");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STRNE("foo", "foo") << "expected failure",
+                       "expected failure");
+}
+
+TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, StringsEqualIgnoringCase) {
+  EXPECT_STRCASEEQ("foo", "FOO") << "unexpected failure";
+  ASSERT_STRCASEEQ("foo", "FOO") << "unexpected failure";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STRCASEEQ("foo", "bar") << "expected failure",
+                          "expected failure");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STRCASEEQ("foo", "bar") << "expected failure",
+                       "expected failure");
+}
+
+TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, StringNotEqualIgnoringCase) {
+  EXPECT_STRCASENE("foo", "bar") << "unexpected failure";
+  ASSERT_STRCASENE("foo", "bar") << "unexpected failure";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STRCASENE("foo", "FOO") << "expected failure",
+                          "expected failure");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STRCASENE("bar", "BAR") << "expected failure",
+                       "expected failure");
+}
+
+TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, FloatingPointEquals) {
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(1.0, 1.0) << "unexpected failure";
+  ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(1.0, 1.0) << "unexpected failure";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(0.0, 1.0) << "expected failure",
+                          "expected failure");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(0.0, 1.0) << "expected failure",
+                       "expected failure");
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, Throw) {
+  EXPECT_THROW(ThrowAnInteger(), int) << "unexpected failure";
+  ASSERT_THROW(ThrowAnInteger(), int) << "unexpected failure";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_THROW(ThrowAnInteger(), bool) <<
+                          "expected failure", "expected failure");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_THROW(ThrowAnInteger(), bool) <<
+                       "expected failure", "expected failure");
+}
+
+TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, NoThrow) {
+  EXPECT_NO_THROW(ThrowNothing()) << "unexpected failure";
+  ASSERT_NO_THROW(ThrowNothing()) << "unexpected failure";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_NO_THROW(ThrowAnInteger()) <<
+                          "expected failure", "expected failure");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_NO_THROW(ThrowAnInteger()) <<
+                       "expected failure", "expected failure");
+}
+
+TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, AnyThrow) {
+  EXPECT_ANY_THROW(ThrowAnInteger()) << "unexpected failure";
+  ASSERT_ANY_THROW(ThrowAnInteger()) << "unexpected failure";
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_ANY_THROW(ThrowNothing()) <<
+                          "expected failure", "expected failure");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_ANY_THROW(ThrowNothing()) <<
+                       "expected failure", "expected failure");
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// Tests that Google Test correctly decides whether to use colors in the output.
+
+TEST(ColoredOutputTest, UsesColorsWhenGTestColorFlagIsYes) {
+  GTEST_FLAG(color) = "yes";
+
+  SetEnv("TERM", "xterm");  // TERM supports colors.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(false));  // Stdout is not a TTY.
+
+  SetEnv("TERM", "dumb");  // TERM doesn't support colors.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(false));  // Stdout is not a TTY.
+}
+
+TEST(ColoredOutputTest, UsesColorsWhenGTestColorFlagIsAliasOfYes) {
+  SetEnv("TERM", "dumb");  // TERM doesn't support colors.
+
+  GTEST_FLAG(color) = "True";
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(false));  // Stdout is not a TTY.
+
+  GTEST_FLAG(color) = "t";
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(false));  // Stdout is not a TTY.
+
+  GTEST_FLAG(color) = "1";
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(false));  // Stdout is not a TTY.
+}
+
+TEST(ColoredOutputTest, UsesNoColorWhenGTestColorFlagIsNo) {
+  GTEST_FLAG(color) = "no";
+
+  SetEnv("TERM", "xterm");  // TERM supports colors.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldUseColor(false));  // Stdout is not a TTY.
+
+  SetEnv("TERM", "dumb");  // TERM doesn't support colors.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldUseColor(false));  // Stdout is not a TTY.
+}
+
+TEST(ColoredOutputTest, UsesNoColorWhenGTestColorFlagIsInvalid) {
+  SetEnv("TERM", "xterm");  // TERM supports colors.
+
+  GTEST_FLAG(color) = "F";
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+
+  GTEST_FLAG(color) = "0";
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+
+  GTEST_FLAG(color) = "unknown";
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+}
+
+TEST(ColoredOutputTest, UsesColorsWhenStdoutIsTty) {
+  GTEST_FLAG(color) = "auto";
+
+  SetEnv("TERM", "xterm");  // TERM supports colors.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldUseColor(false));  // Stdout is not a TTY.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));    // Stdout is a TTY.
+}
+
+TEST(ColoredOutputTest, UsesColorsWhenTermSupportsColors) {
+  GTEST_FLAG(color) = "auto";
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  // On Windows, we ignore the TERM variable as it's usually not set.
+
+  SetEnv("TERM", "dumb");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+
+  SetEnv("TERM", "");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+
+  SetEnv("TERM", "xterm");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+#else
+  // On non-Windows platforms, we rely on TERM to determine if the
+  // terminal supports colors.
+
+  SetEnv("TERM", "dumb");  // TERM doesn't support colors.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+
+  SetEnv("TERM", "emacs");  // TERM doesn't support colors.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+
+  SetEnv("TERM", "vt100");  // TERM doesn't support colors.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+
+  SetEnv("TERM", "xterm-mono");  // TERM doesn't support colors.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+
+  SetEnv("TERM", "xterm");  // TERM supports colors.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+
+  SetEnv("TERM", "xterm-color");  // TERM supports colors.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+
+  SetEnv("TERM", "xterm-256color");  // TERM supports colors.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+
+  SetEnv("TERM", "screen");  // TERM supports colors.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+
+  SetEnv("TERM", "screen-256color");  // TERM supports colors.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+
+  SetEnv("TERM", "tmux");  // TERM supports colors.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+
+  SetEnv("TERM", "tmux-256color");  // TERM supports colors.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+
+  SetEnv("TERM", "rxvt-unicode");  // TERM supports colors.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+
+  SetEnv("TERM", "rxvt-unicode-256color");  // TERM supports colors.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+
+  SetEnv("TERM", "linux");  // TERM supports colors.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+
+  SetEnv("TERM", "cygwin");  // TERM supports colors.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+}
+
+// Verifies that StaticAssertTypeEq works in a namespace scope.
+
+static bool dummy1 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ = StaticAssertTypeEq<bool, bool>();
+static bool dummy2 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ =
+    StaticAssertTypeEq<const int, const int>();
+
+// Verifies that StaticAssertTypeEq works in a class.
+
+template <typename T>
+class StaticAssertTypeEqTestHelper {
+ public:
+  StaticAssertTypeEqTestHelper() { StaticAssertTypeEq<bool, T>(); }
+};
+
+TEST(StaticAssertTypeEqTest, WorksInClass) {
+  StaticAssertTypeEqTestHelper<bool>();
+}
+
+// Verifies that StaticAssertTypeEq works inside a function.
+
+typedef int IntAlias;
+
+TEST(StaticAssertTypeEqTest, CompilesForEqualTypes) {
+  StaticAssertTypeEq<int, IntAlias>();
+  StaticAssertTypeEq<int*, IntAlias*>();
+}
+
+TEST(GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTopTest, ReturnsTheStackTrace) {
+  testing::UnitTest* const unit_test = testing::UnitTest::GetInstance();
+
+  // We don't have a stack walker in Google Test yet.
+  EXPECT_STREQ("", GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(unit_test, 0).c_str());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("", GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(unit_test, 1).c_str());
+}
+
+TEST(HasNonfatalFailureTest, ReturnsFalseWhenThereIsNoFailure) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(HasNonfatalFailure());
+}
+
+static void FailFatally() { FAIL(); }
+
+TEST(HasNonfatalFailureTest, ReturnsFalseWhenThereIsOnlyFatalFailure) {
+  FailFatally();
+  const bool has_nonfatal_failure = HasNonfatalFailure();
+  ClearCurrentTestPartResults();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(has_nonfatal_failure);
+}
+
+TEST(HasNonfatalFailureTest, ReturnsTrueWhenThereIsNonfatalFailure) {
+  ADD_FAILURE();
+  const bool has_nonfatal_failure = HasNonfatalFailure();
+  ClearCurrentTestPartResults();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(has_nonfatal_failure);
+}
+
+TEST(HasNonfatalFailureTest, ReturnsTrueWhenThereAreFatalAndNonfatalFailures) {
+  FailFatally();
+  ADD_FAILURE();
+  const bool has_nonfatal_failure = HasNonfatalFailure();
+  ClearCurrentTestPartResults();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(has_nonfatal_failure);
+}
+
+// A wrapper for calling HasNonfatalFailure outside of a test body.
+static bool HasNonfatalFailureHelper() {
+  return testing::Test::HasNonfatalFailure();
+}
+
+TEST(HasNonfatalFailureTest, WorksOutsideOfTestBody) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(HasNonfatalFailureHelper());
+}
+
+TEST(HasNonfatalFailureTest, WorksOutsideOfTestBody2) {
+  ADD_FAILURE();
+  const bool has_nonfatal_failure = HasNonfatalFailureHelper();
+  ClearCurrentTestPartResults();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(has_nonfatal_failure);
+}
+
+TEST(HasFailureTest, ReturnsFalseWhenThereIsNoFailure) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(HasFailure());
+}
+
+TEST(HasFailureTest, ReturnsTrueWhenThereIsFatalFailure) {
+  FailFatally();
+  const bool has_failure = HasFailure();
+  ClearCurrentTestPartResults();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(has_failure);
+}
+
+TEST(HasFailureTest, ReturnsTrueWhenThereIsNonfatalFailure) {
+  ADD_FAILURE();
+  const bool has_failure = HasFailure();
+  ClearCurrentTestPartResults();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(has_failure);
+}
+
+TEST(HasFailureTest, ReturnsTrueWhenThereAreFatalAndNonfatalFailures) {
+  FailFatally();
+  ADD_FAILURE();
+  const bool has_failure = HasFailure();
+  ClearCurrentTestPartResults();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(has_failure);
+}
+
+// A wrapper for calling HasFailure outside of a test body.
+static bool HasFailureHelper() { return testing::Test::HasFailure(); }
+
+TEST(HasFailureTest, WorksOutsideOfTestBody) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(HasFailureHelper());
+}
+
+TEST(HasFailureTest, WorksOutsideOfTestBody2) {
+  ADD_FAILURE();
+  const bool has_failure = HasFailureHelper();
+  ClearCurrentTestPartResults();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(has_failure);
+}
+
+class TestListener : public EmptyTestEventListener {
+ public:
+  TestListener() : on_start_counter_(NULL), is_destroyed_(NULL) {}
+  TestListener(int* on_start_counter, bool* is_destroyed)
+      : on_start_counter_(on_start_counter),
+        is_destroyed_(is_destroyed) {}
+
+  virtual ~TestListener() {
+    if (is_destroyed_)
+      *is_destroyed_ = true;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  virtual void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {
+    if (on_start_counter_ != NULL)
+      (*on_start_counter_)++;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  int* on_start_counter_;
+  bool* is_destroyed_;
+};
+
+// Tests the constructor.
+TEST(TestEventListenersTest, ConstructionWorks) {
+  TestEventListeners listeners;
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners) != NULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(listeners.default_result_printer() == NULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(listeners.default_xml_generator() == NULL);
+}
+
+// Tests that the TestEventListeners destructor deletes all the listeners it
+// owns.
+TEST(TestEventListenersTest, DestructionWorks) {
+  bool default_result_printer_is_destroyed = false;
+  bool default_xml_printer_is_destroyed = false;
+  bool extra_listener_is_destroyed = false;
+  TestListener* default_result_printer = new TestListener(
+      NULL, &default_result_printer_is_destroyed);
+  TestListener* default_xml_printer = new TestListener(
+      NULL, &default_xml_printer_is_destroyed);
+  TestListener* extra_listener = new TestListener(
+      NULL, &extra_listener_is_destroyed);
+
+  {
+    TestEventListeners listeners;
+    TestEventListenersAccessor::SetDefaultResultPrinter(&listeners,
+                                                        default_result_printer);
+    TestEventListenersAccessor::SetDefaultXmlGenerator(&listeners,
+                                                       default_xml_printer);
+    listeners.Append(extra_listener);
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(default_result_printer_is_destroyed);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(default_xml_printer_is_destroyed);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(extra_listener_is_destroyed);
+}
+
+// Tests that a listener Append'ed to a TestEventListeners list starts
+// receiving events.
+TEST(TestEventListenersTest, Append) {
+  int on_start_counter = 0;
+  bool is_destroyed = false;
+  TestListener* listener = new TestListener(&on_start_counter, &is_destroyed);
+  {
+    TestEventListeners listeners;
+    listeners.Append(listener);
+    TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestProgramStart(
+        *UnitTest::GetInstance());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, on_start_counter);
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_destroyed);
+}
+
+// Tests that listeners receive events in the order they were appended to
+// the list, except for *End requests, which must be received in the reverse
+// order.
+class SequenceTestingListener : public EmptyTestEventListener {
+ public:
+  SequenceTestingListener(std::vector<std::string>* vector, const char* id)
+      : vector_(vector), id_(id) {}
+
+ protected:
+  virtual void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {
+    vector_->push_back(GetEventDescription("OnTestProgramStart"));
+  }
+
+  virtual void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {
+    vector_->push_back(GetEventDescription("OnTestProgramEnd"));
+  }
+
+  virtual void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/,
+                                    int /*iteration*/) {
+    vector_->push_back(GetEventDescription("OnTestIterationStart"));
+  }
+
+  virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/,
+                                  int /*iteration*/) {
+    vector_->push_back(GetEventDescription("OnTestIterationEnd"));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::string GetEventDescription(const char* method) {
+    Message message;
+    message << id_ << "." << method;
+    return message.GetString();
+  }
+
+  std::vector<std::string>* vector_;
+  const char* const id_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(SequenceTestingListener);
+};
+
+TEST(EventListenerTest, AppendKeepsOrder) {
+  std::vector<std::string> vec;
+  TestEventListeners listeners;
+  listeners.Append(new SequenceTestingListener(&vec, "1st"));
+  listeners.Append(new SequenceTestingListener(&vec, "2nd"));
+  listeners.Append(new SequenceTestingListener(&vec, "3rd"));
+
+  TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestProgramStart(
+      *UnitTest::GetInstance());
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, vec.size());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("1st.OnTestProgramStart", vec[0].c_str());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("2nd.OnTestProgramStart", vec[1].c_str());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("3rd.OnTestProgramStart", vec[2].c_str());
+
+  vec.clear();
+  TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestProgramEnd(
+      *UnitTest::GetInstance());
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, vec.size());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("3rd.OnTestProgramEnd", vec[0].c_str());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("2nd.OnTestProgramEnd", vec[1].c_str());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("1st.OnTestProgramEnd", vec[2].c_str());
+
+  vec.clear();
+  TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestIterationStart(
+      *UnitTest::GetInstance(), 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, vec.size());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("1st.OnTestIterationStart", vec[0].c_str());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("2nd.OnTestIterationStart", vec[1].c_str());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("3rd.OnTestIterationStart", vec[2].c_str());
+
+  vec.clear();
+  TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestIterationEnd(
+      *UnitTest::GetInstance(), 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, vec.size());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("3rd.OnTestIterationEnd", vec[0].c_str());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("2nd.OnTestIterationEnd", vec[1].c_str());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("1st.OnTestIterationEnd", vec[2].c_str());
+}
+
+// Tests that a listener removed from a TestEventListeners list stops receiving
+// events and is not deleted when the list is destroyed.
+TEST(TestEventListenersTest, Release) {
+  int on_start_counter = 0;
+  bool is_destroyed = false;
+  // Although Append passes the ownership of this object to the list,
+  // the following calls release it, and we need to delete it before the
+  // test ends.
+  TestListener* listener = new TestListener(&on_start_counter, &is_destroyed);
+  {
+    TestEventListeners listeners;
+    listeners.Append(listener);
+    EXPECT_EQ(listener, listeners.Release(listener));
+    TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestProgramStart(
+        *UnitTest::GetInstance());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(listeners.Release(listener) == NULL);
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, on_start_counter);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_destroyed);
+  delete listener;
+}
+
+// Tests that no events are forwarded when event forwarding is disabled.
+TEST(EventListenerTest, SuppressEventForwarding) {
+  int on_start_counter = 0;
+  TestListener* listener = new TestListener(&on_start_counter, NULL);
+
+  TestEventListeners listeners;
+  listeners.Append(listener);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(TestEventListenersAccessor::EventForwardingEnabled(listeners));
+  TestEventListenersAccessor::SuppressEventForwarding(&listeners);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(TestEventListenersAccessor::EventForwardingEnabled(listeners));
+  TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestProgramStart(
+      *UnitTest::GetInstance());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, on_start_counter);
+}
+
+// Tests that events generated by Google Test are not forwarded in
+// death test subprocesses.
+TEST(EventListenerDeathTest, EventsNotForwardedInDeathTestSubprecesses) {
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED({
+      GTEST_CHECK_(TestEventListenersAccessor::EventForwardingEnabled(
+          *GetUnitTestImpl()->listeners())) << "expected failure";},
+      "expected failure");
+}
+
+// Tests that a listener installed via SetDefaultResultPrinter() starts
+// receiving events and is returned via default_result_printer() and that
+// the previous default_result_printer is removed from the list and deleted.
+TEST(EventListenerTest, default_result_printer) {
+  int on_start_counter = 0;
+  bool is_destroyed = false;
+  TestListener* listener = new TestListener(&on_start_counter, &is_destroyed);
+
+  TestEventListeners listeners;
+  TestEventListenersAccessor::SetDefaultResultPrinter(&listeners, listener);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(listener, listeners.default_result_printer());
+
+  TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestProgramStart(
+      *UnitTest::GetInstance());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, on_start_counter);
+
+  // Replacing default_result_printer with something else should remove it
+  // from the list and destroy it.
+  TestEventListenersAccessor::SetDefaultResultPrinter(&listeners, NULL);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(listeners.default_result_printer() == NULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_destroyed);
+
+  // After broadcasting an event the counter is still the same, indicating
+  // the listener is not in the list anymore.
+  TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestProgramStart(
+      *UnitTest::GetInstance());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, on_start_counter);
+}
+
+// Tests that the default_result_printer listener stops receiving events
+// when removed via Release and that is not owned by the list anymore.
+TEST(EventListenerTest, RemovingDefaultResultPrinterWorks) {
+  int on_start_counter = 0;
+  bool is_destroyed = false;
+  // Although Append passes the ownership of this object to the list,
+  // the following calls release it, and we need to delete it before the
+  // test ends.
+  TestListener* listener = new TestListener(&on_start_counter, &is_destroyed);
+  {
+    TestEventListeners listeners;
+    TestEventListenersAccessor::SetDefaultResultPrinter(&listeners, listener);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(listener, listeners.Release(listener));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(listeners.default_result_printer() == NULL);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(is_destroyed);
+
+    // Broadcasting events now should not affect default_result_printer.
+    TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestProgramStart(
+        *UnitTest::GetInstance());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, on_start_counter);
+  }
+  // Destroying the list should not affect the listener now, too.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_destroyed);
+  delete listener;
+}
+
+// Tests that a listener installed via SetDefaultXmlGenerator() starts
+// receiving events and is returned via default_xml_generator() and that
+// the previous default_xml_generator is removed from the list and deleted.
+TEST(EventListenerTest, default_xml_generator) {
+  int on_start_counter = 0;
+  bool is_destroyed = false;
+  TestListener* listener = new TestListener(&on_start_counter, &is_destroyed);
+
+  TestEventListeners listeners;
+  TestEventListenersAccessor::SetDefaultXmlGenerator(&listeners, listener);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(listener, listeners.default_xml_generator());
+
+  TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestProgramStart(
+      *UnitTest::GetInstance());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, on_start_counter);
+
+  // Replacing default_xml_generator with something else should remove it
+  // from the list and destroy it.
+  TestEventListenersAccessor::SetDefaultXmlGenerator(&listeners, NULL);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(listeners.default_xml_generator() == NULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_destroyed);
+
+  // After broadcasting an event the counter is still the same, indicating
+  // the listener is not in the list anymore.
+  TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestProgramStart(
+      *UnitTest::GetInstance());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, on_start_counter);
+}
+
+// Tests that the default_xml_generator listener stops receiving events
+// when removed via Release and that is not owned by the list anymore.
+TEST(EventListenerTest, RemovingDefaultXmlGeneratorWorks) {
+  int on_start_counter = 0;
+  bool is_destroyed = false;
+  // Although Append passes the ownership of this object to the list,
+  // the following calls release it, and we need to delete it before the
+  // test ends.
+  TestListener* listener = new TestListener(&on_start_counter, &is_destroyed);
+  {
+    TestEventListeners listeners;
+    TestEventListenersAccessor::SetDefaultXmlGenerator(&listeners, listener);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(listener, listeners.Release(listener));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(listeners.default_xml_generator() == NULL);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(is_destroyed);
+
+    // Broadcasting events now should not affect default_xml_generator.
+    TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestProgramStart(
+        *UnitTest::GetInstance());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, on_start_counter);
+  }
+  // Destroying the list should not affect the listener now, too.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_destroyed);
+  delete listener;
+}
+
+// Sanity tests to ensure that the alternative, verbose spellings of
+// some of the macros work.  We don't test them thoroughly as that
+// would be quite involved.  Since their implementations are
+// straightforward, and they are rarely used, we'll just rely on the
+// users to tell us when they are broken.
+GTEST_TEST(AlternativeNameTest, Works) {  // GTEST_TEST is the same as TEST.
+  GTEST_SUCCEED() << "OK";  // GTEST_SUCCEED is the same as SUCCEED.
+
+  // GTEST_FAIL is the same as FAIL.
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(GTEST_FAIL() << "An expected failure",
+                       "An expected failure");
+
+  // GTEST_ASSERT_XY is the same as ASSERT_XY.
+
+  GTEST_ASSERT_EQ(0, 0);
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(GTEST_ASSERT_EQ(0, 1) << "An expected failure",
+                       "An expected failure");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(GTEST_ASSERT_EQ(1, 0) << "An expected failure",
+                       "An expected failure");
+
+  GTEST_ASSERT_NE(0, 1);
+  GTEST_ASSERT_NE(1, 0);
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(GTEST_ASSERT_NE(0, 0) << "An expected failure",
+                       "An expected failure");
+
+  GTEST_ASSERT_LE(0, 0);
+  GTEST_ASSERT_LE(0, 1);
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(GTEST_ASSERT_LE(1, 0) << "An expected failure",
+                       "An expected failure");
+
+  GTEST_ASSERT_LT(0, 1);
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(GTEST_ASSERT_LT(0, 0) << "An expected failure",
+                       "An expected failure");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(GTEST_ASSERT_LT(1, 0) << "An expected failure",
+                       "An expected failure");
+
+  GTEST_ASSERT_GE(0, 0);
+  GTEST_ASSERT_GE(1, 0);
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(GTEST_ASSERT_GE(0, 1) << "An expected failure",
+                       "An expected failure");
+
+  GTEST_ASSERT_GT(1, 0);
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(GTEST_ASSERT_GT(0, 1) << "An expected failure",
+                       "An expected failure");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(GTEST_ASSERT_GT(1, 1) << "An expected failure",
+                       "An expected failure");
+}
+
+// Tests for internal utilities necessary for implementation of the universal
+// printing.
+// TODO(vladl@google.com): Find a better home for them.
+
+class ConversionHelperBase {};
+class ConversionHelperDerived : public ConversionHelperBase {};
+
+// Tests that IsAProtocolMessage<T>::value is a compile-time constant.
+TEST(IsAProtocolMessageTest, ValueIsCompileTimeConstant) {
+  GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(IsAProtocolMessage<ProtocolMessage>::value,
+                        const_true);
+  GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(!IsAProtocolMessage<int>::value, const_false);
+}
+
+// Tests that IsAProtocolMessage<T>::value is true when T is
+// proto2::Message or a sub-class of it.
+TEST(IsAProtocolMessageTest, ValueIsTrueWhenTypeIsAProtocolMessage) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsAProtocolMessage< ::proto2::Message>::value);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsAProtocolMessage<ProtocolMessage>::value);
+}
+
+// Tests that IsAProtocolMessage<T>::value is false when T is neither
+// ProtocolMessage nor a sub-class of it.
+TEST(IsAProtocolMessageTest, ValueIsFalseWhenTypeIsNotAProtocolMessage) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsAProtocolMessage<int>::value);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsAProtocolMessage<const ConversionHelperBase>::value);
+}
+
+// Tests that CompileAssertTypesEqual compiles when the type arguments are
+// equal.
+TEST(CompileAssertTypesEqual, CompilesWhenTypesAreEqual) {
+  CompileAssertTypesEqual<void, void>();
+  CompileAssertTypesEqual<int*, int*>();
+}
+
+// Tests that RemoveReference does not affect non-reference types.
+TEST(RemoveReferenceTest, DoesNotAffectNonReferenceType) {
+  CompileAssertTypesEqual<int, RemoveReference<int>::type>();
+  CompileAssertTypesEqual<const char, RemoveReference<const char>::type>();
+}
+
+// Tests that RemoveReference removes reference from reference types.
+TEST(RemoveReferenceTest, RemovesReference) {
+  CompileAssertTypesEqual<int, RemoveReference<int&>::type>();
+  CompileAssertTypesEqual<const char, RemoveReference<const char&>::type>();
+}
+
+// Tests GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_.
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+void TestGTestRemoveReference() {
+  CompileAssertTypesEqual<T1, GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_(T2)>();
+}
+
+TEST(RemoveReferenceTest, MacroVersion) {
+  TestGTestRemoveReference<int, int>();
+  TestGTestRemoveReference<const char, const char&>();
+}
+
+
+// Tests that RemoveConst does not affect non-const types.
+TEST(RemoveConstTest, DoesNotAffectNonConstType) {
+  CompileAssertTypesEqual<int, RemoveConst<int>::type>();
+  CompileAssertTypesEqual<char&, RemoveConst<char&>::type>();
+}
+
+// Tests that RemoveConst removes const from const types.
+TEST(RemoveConstTest, RemovesConst) {
+  CompileAssertTypesEqual<int, RemoveConst<const int>::type>();
+  CompileAssertTypesEqual<char[2], RemoveConst<const char[2]>::type>();
+  CompileAssertTypesEqual<char[2][3], RemoveConst<const char[2][3]>::type>();
+}
+
+// Tests GTEST_REMOVE_CONST_.
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+void TestGTestRemoveConst() {
+  CompileAssertTypesEqual<T1, GTEST_REMOVE_CONST_(T2)>();
+}
+
+TEST(RemoveConstTest, MacroVersion) {
+  TestGTestRemoveConst<int, int>();
+  TestGTestRemoveConst<double&, double&>();
+  TestGTestRemoveConst<char, const char>();
+}
+
+// Tests GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_.
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+void TestGTestRemoveReferenceAndConst() {
+  CompileAssertTypesEqual<T1, GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(T2)>();
+}
+
+TEST(RemoveReferenceToConstTest, Works) {
+  TestGTestRemoveReferenceAndConst<int, int>();
+  TestGTestRemoveReferenceAndConst<double, double&>();
+  TestGTestRemoveReferenceAndConst<char, const char>();
+  TestGTestRemoveReferenceAndConst<char, const char&>();
+  TestGTestRemoveReferenceAndConst<const char*, const char*>();
+}
+
+// Tests that AddReference does not affect reference types.
+TEST(AddReferenceTest, DoesNotAffectReferenceType) {
+  CompileAssertTypesEqual<int&, AddReference<int&>::type>();
+  CompileAssertTypesEqual<const char&, AddReference<const char&>::type>();
+}
+
+// Tests that AddReference adds reference to non-reference types.
+TEST(AddReferenceTest, AddsReference) {
+  CompileAssertTypesEqual<int&, AddReference<int>::type>();
+  CompileAssertTypesEqual<const char&, AddReference<const char>::type>();
+}
+
+// Tests GTEST_ADD_REFERENCE_.
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+void TestGTestAddReference() {
+  CompileAssertTypesEqual<T1, GTEST_ADD_REFERENCE_(T2)>();
+}
+
+TEST(AddReferenceTest, MacroVersion) {
+  TestGTestAddReference<int&, int>();
+  TestGTestAddReference<const char&, const char&>();
+}
+
+// Tests GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_.
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+void TestGTestReferenceToConst() {
+  CompileAssertTypesEqual<T1, GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(T2)>();
+}
+
+TEST(GTestReferenceToConstTest, Works) {
+  TestGTestReferenceToConst<const char&, char>();
+  TestGTestReferenceToConst<const int&, const int>();
+  TestGTestReferenceToConst<const double&, double>();
+  TestGTestReferenceToConst<const std::string&, const std::string&>();
+}
+
+// Tests that ImplicitlyConvertible<T1, T2>::value is a compile-time constant.
+TEST(ImplicitlyConvertibleTest, ValueIsCompileTimeConstant) {
+  GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((ImplicitlyConvertible<int, int>::value), const_true);
+  GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((!ImplicitlyConvertible<void*, int*>::value),
+                        const_false);
+}
+
+// Tests that ImplicitlyConvertible<T1, T2>::value is true when T1 can
+// be implicitly converted to T2.
+TEST(ImplicitlyConvertibleTest, ValueIsTrueWhenConvertible) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE((ImplicitlyConvertible<int, double>::value));
+  EXPECT_TRUE((ImplicitlyConvertible<double, int>::value));
+  EXPECT_TRUE((ImplicitlyConvertible<int*, void*>::value));
+  EXPECT_TRUE((ImplicitlyConvertible<int*, const int*>::value));
+  EXPECT_TRUE((ImplicitlyConvertible<ConversionHelperDerived&,
+                                     const ConversionHelperBase&>::value));
+  EXPECT_TRUE((ImplicitlyConvertible<const ConversionHelperBase,
+                                     ConversionHelperBase>::value));
+}
+
+// Tests that ImplicitlyConvertible<T1, T2>::value is false when T1
+// cannot be implicitly converted to T2.
+TEST(ImplicitlyConvertibleTest, ValueIsFalseWhenNotConvertible) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE((ImplicitlyConvertible<double, int*>::value));
+  EXPECT_FALSE((ImplicitlyConvertible<void*, int*>::value));
+  EXPECT_FALSE((ImplicitlyConvertible<const int*, int*>::value));
+  EXPECT_FALSE((ImplicitlyConvertible<ConversionHelperBase&,
+                                      ConversionHelperDerived&>::value));
+}
+
+// Tests IsContainerTest.
+
+class NonContainer {};
+
+TEST(IsContainerTestTest, WorksForNonContainer) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(IsNotContainer), sizeof(IsContainerTest<int>(0)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(IsNotContainer), sizeof(IsContainerTest<char[5]>(0)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(IsNotContainer), sizeof(IsContainerTest<NonContainer>(0)));
+}
+
+TEST(IsContainerTestTest, WorksForContainer) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(IsContainer),
+            sizeof(IsContainerTest<std::vector<bool> >(0)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(IsContainer),
+            sizeof(IsContainerTest<std::map<int, double> >(0)));
+}
+
+// Tests ArrayEq().
+
+TEST(ArrayEqTest, WorksForDegeneratedArrays) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ArrayEq(5, 5L));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ArrayEq('a', 0));
+}
+
+TEST(ArrayEqTest, WorksForOneDimensionalArrays) {
+  // Note that a and b are distinct but compatible types.
+  const int a[] = { 0, 1 };
+  long b[] = { 0, 1 };
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ArrayEq(a, b));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ArrayEq(a, 2, b));
+
+  b[0] = 2;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ArrayEq(a, b));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ArrayEq(a, 1, b));
+}
+
+TEST(ArrayEqTest, WorksForTwoDimensionalArrays) {
+  const char a[][3] = { "hi", "lo" };
+  const char b[][3] = { "hi", "lo" };
+  const char c[][3] = { "hi", "li" };
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ArrayEq(a, b));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ArrayEq(a, 2, b));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ArrayEq(a, c));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ArrayEq(a, 2, c));
+}
+
+// Tests ArrayAwareFind().
+
+TEST(ArrayAwareFindTest, WorksForOneDimensionalArray) {
+  const char a[] = "hello";
+  EXPECT_EQ(a + 4, ArrayAwareFind(a, a + 5, 'o'));
+  EXPECT_EQ(a + 5, ArrayAwareFind(a, a + 5, 'x'));
+}
+
+TEST(ArrayAwareFindTest, WorksForTwoDimensionalArray) {
+  int a[][2] = { { 0, 1 }, { 2, 3 }, { 4, 5 } };
+  const int b[2] = { 2, 3 };
+  EXPECT_EQ(a + 1, ArrayAwareFind(a, a + 3, b));
+
+  const int c[2] = { 6, 7 };
+  EXPECT_EQ(a + 3, ArrayAwareFind(a, a + 3, c));
+}
+
+// Tests CopyArray().
+
+TEST(CopyArrayTest, WorksForDegeneratedArrays) {
+  int n = 0;
+  CopyArray('a', &n);
+  EXPECT_EQ('a', n);
+}
+
+TEST(CopyArrayTest, WorksForOneDimensionalArrays) {
+  const char a[3] = "hi";
+  int b[3];
+#ifndef __BORLANDC__  // C++Builder cannot compile some array size deductions.
+  CopyArray(a, &b);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ArrayEq(a, b));
+#endif
+
+  int c[3];
+  CopyArray(a, 3, c);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ArrayEq(a, c));
+}
+
+TEST(CopyArrayTest, WorksForTwoDimensionalArrays) {
+  const int a[2][3] = { { 0, 1, 2 }, { 3, 4, 5 } };
+  int b[2][3];
+#ifndef __BORLANDC__  // C++Builder cannot compile some array size deductions.
+  CopyArray(a, &b);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ArrayEq(a, b));
+#endif
+
+  int c[2][3];
+  CopyArray(a, 2, c);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ArrayEq(a, c));
+}
+
+// Tests NativeArray.
+
+TEST(NativeArrayTest, ConstructorFromArrayWorks) {
+  const int a[3] = { 0, 1, 2 };
+  NativeArray<int> na(a, 3, RelationToSourceReference());
+  EXPECT_EQ(3U, na.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(a, na.begin());
+}
+
+TEST(NativeArrayTest, CreatesAndDeletesCopyOfArrayWhenAskedTo) {
+  typedef int Array[2];
+  Array* a = new Array[1];
+  (*a)[0] = 0;
+  (*a)[1] = 1;
+  NativeArray<int> na(*a, 2, RelationToSourceCopy());
+  EXPECT_NE(*a, na.begin());
+  delete[] a;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, na.begin()[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, na.begin()[1]);
+
+  // We rely on the heap checker to verify that na deletes the copy of
+  // array.
+}
+
+TEST(NativeArrayTest, TypeMembersAreCorrect) {
+  StaticAssertTypeEq<char, NativeArray<char>::value_type>();
+  StaticAssertTypeEq<int[2], NativeArray<int[2]>::value_type>();
+
+  StaticAssertTypeEq<const char*, NativeArray<char>::const_iterator>();
+  StaticAssertTypeEq<const bool(*)[2], NativeArray<bool[2]>::const_iterator>();
+}
+
+TEST(NativeArrayTest, MethodsWork) {
+  const int a[3] = { 0, 1, 2 };
+  NativeArray<int> na(a, 3, RelationToSourceCopy());
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, na.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, na.end() - na.begin());
+
+  NativeArray<int>::const_iterator it = na.begin();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, *it);
+  ++it;
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, *it);
+  it++;
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, *it);
+  ++it;
+  EXPECT_EQ(na.end(), it);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(na == na);
+
+  NativeArray<int> na2(a, 3, RelationToSourceReference());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(na == na2);
+
+  const int b1[3] = { 0, 1, 1 };
+  const int b2[4] = { 0, 1, 2, 3 };
+  EXPECT_FALSE(na == NativeArray<int>(b1, 3, RelationToSourceReference()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(na == NativeArray<int>(b2, 4, RelationToSourceCopy()));
+}
+
+TEST(NativeArrayTest, WorksForTwoDimensionalArray) {
+  const char a[2][3] = { "hi", "lo" };
+  NativeArray<char[3]> na(a, 2, RelationToSourceReference());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, na.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(a, na.begin());
+}
+
+// Tests SkipPrefix().
+
+TEST(SkipPrefixTest, SkipsWhenPrefixMatches) {
+  const char* const str = "hello";
+
+  const char* p = str;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(SkipPrefix("", &p));
+  EXPECT_EQ(str, p);
+
+  p = str;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(SkipPrefix("hell", &p));
+  EXPECT_EQ(str + 4, p);
+}
+
+TEST(SkipPrefixTest, DoesNotSkipWhenPrefixDoesNotMatch) {
+  const char* const str = "world";
+
+  const char* p = str;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(SkipPrefix("W", &p));
+  EXPECT_EQ(str, p);
+
+  p = str;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(SkipPrefix("world!", &p));
+  EXPECT_EQ(str, p);
+}
+
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_xml_outfile1_test_.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_xml_outfile1_test_.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..531ced49d410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_xml_outfile1_test_.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: keith.ray@gmail.com (Keith Ray)
+//
+// gtest_xml_outfile1_test_ writes some xml via TestProperty used by
+// gtest_xml_outfiles_test.py
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+class PropertyOne : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    RecordProperty("SetUpProp", 1);
+  }
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    RecordProperty("TearDownProp", 1);
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(PropertyOne, TestSomeProperties) {
+  RecordProperty("TestSomeProperty", 1);
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_xml_outfile2_test_.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_xml_outfile2_test_.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7b400b276057
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_xml_outfile2_test_.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: keith.ray@gmail.com (Keith Ray)
+//
+// gtest_xml_outfile2_test_ writes some xml via TestProperty used by
+// gtest_xml_outfiles_test.py
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+class PropertyTwo : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    RecordProperty("SetUpProp", 2);
+  }
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    RecordProperty("TearDownProp", 2);
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(PropertyTwo, TestSomeProperties) {
+  RecordProperty("TestSomeProperty", 2);
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_xml_outfiles_test.py b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_xml_outfiles_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..524e437e6c17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_xml_outfiles_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Unit test for the gtest_xml_output module."""
+
+__author__ = "keith.ray@gmail.com (Keith Ray)"
+
+import os
+from xml.dom import minidom, Node
+
+import gtest_test_utils
+import gtest_xml_test_utils
+
+
+GTEST_OUTPUT_SUBDIR = "xml_outfiles"
+GTEST_OUTPUT_1_TEST = "gtest_xml_outfile1_test_"
+GTEST_OUTPUT_2_TEST = "gtest_xml_outfile2_test_"
+
+EXPECTED_XML_1 = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<testsuites tests="1" failures="0" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*" timestamp="*" name="AllTests">
+  <testsuite name="PropertyOne" tests="1" failures="0" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*">
+    <testcase name="TestSomeProperties" status="run" time="*" classname="PropertyOne" SetUpProp="1" TestSomeProperty="1" TearDownProp="1" />
+  </testsuite>
+</testsuites>
+"""
+
+EXPECTED_XML_2 = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<testsuites tests="1" failures="0" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*" timestamp="*" name="AllTests">
+  <testsuite name="PropertyTwo" tests="1" failures="0" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*">
+    <testcase name="TestSomeProperties" status="run" time="*" classname="PropertyTwo" SetUpProp="2" TestSomeProperty="2" TearDownProp="2" />
+  </testsuite>
+</testsuites>
+"""
+
+
+class GTestXMLOutFilesTest(gtest_xml_test_utils.GTestXMLTestCase):
+  """Unit test for Google Test's XML output functionality."""
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    # We want the trailing '/' that the last "" provides in os.path.join, for
+    # telling Google Test to create an output directory instead of a single file
+    # for xml output.
+    self.output_dir_ = os.path.join(gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(),
+                                    GTEST_OUTPUT_SUBDIR, "")
+    self.DeleteFilesAndDir()
+
+  def tearDown(self):
+    self.DeleteFilesAndDir()
+
+  def DeleteFilesAndDir(self):
+    try:
+      os.remove(os.path.join(self.output_dir_, GTEST_OUTPUT_1_TEST + ".xml"))
+    except os.error:
+      pass
+    try:
+      os.remove(os.path.join(self.output_dir_, GTEST_OUTPUT_2_TEST + ".xml"))
+    except os.error:
+      pass
+    try:
+      os.rmdir(self.output_dir_)
+    except os.error:
+      pass
+
+  def testOutfile1(self):
+    self._TestOutFile(GTEST_OUTPUT_1_TEST, EXPECTED_XML_1)
+
+  def testOutfile2(self):
+    self._TestOutFile(GTEST_OUTPUT_2_TEST, EXPECTED_XML_2)
+
+  def _TestOutFile(self, test_name, expected_xml):
+    gtest_prog_path = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(test_name)
+    command = [gtest_prog_path, "--gtest_output=xml:%s" % self.output_dir_]
+    p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(command,
+                                    working_dir=gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir())
+    self.assert_(p.exited)
+    self.assertEquals(0, p.exit_code)
+
+    # TODO(wan@google.com): libtool causes the built test binary to be
+    #   named lt-gtest_xml_outfiles_test_ instead of
+    #   gtest_xml_outfiles_test_.  To account for this possibillity, we
+    #   allow both names in the following code.  We should remove this
+    #   hack when Chandler Carruth's libtool replacement tool is ready.
+    output_file_name1 = test_name + ".xml"
+    output_file1 = os.path.join(self.output_dir_, output_file_name1)
+    output_file_name2 = 'lt-' + output_file_name1
+    output_file2 = os.path.join(self.output_dir_, output_file_name2)
+    self.assert_(os.path.isfile(output_file1) or os.path.isfile(output_file2),
+                 output_file1)
+
+    expected = minidom.parseString(expected_xml)
+    if os.path.isfile(output_file1):
+      actual = minidom.parse(output_file1)
+    else:
+      actual = minidom.parse(output_file2)
+    self.NormalizeXml(actual.documentElement)
+    self.AssertEquivalentNodes(expected.documentElement,
+                               actual.documentElement)
+    expected.unlink()
+    actual.unlink()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  os.environ["GTEST_STACK_TRACE_DEPTH"] = "0"
+  gtest_test_utils.Main()
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_xml_output_unittest.py b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_xml_output_unittest.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bcd5975991d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_xml_output_unittest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright 2006, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Unit test for the gtest_xml_output module"""
+
+__author__ = 'eefacm@gmail.com (Sean Mcafee)'
+
+import datetime
+import errno
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+from xml.dom import minidom, Node
+
+import gtest_test_utils
+import gtest_xml_test_utils
+
+
+GTEST_FILTER_FLAG = '--gtest_filter'
+GTEST_LIST_TESTS_FLAG = '--gtest_list_tests'
+GTEST_OUTPUT_FLAG         = "--gtest_output"
+GTEST_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE = "test_detail.xml"
+GTEST_PROGRAM_NAME = "gtest_xml_output_unittest_"
+
+SUPPORTS_STACK_TRACES = False
+
+if SUPPORTS_STACK_TRACES:
+  STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE = '\nStack trace:\n*'
+else:
+  STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE = ''
+
+EXPECTED_NON_EMPTY_XML = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<testsuites tests="23" failures="4" disabled="2" errors="0" time="*" timestamp="*" name="AllTests" ad_hoc_property="42">
+  <testsuite name="SuccessfulTest" tests="1" failures="0" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*">
+    <testcase name="Succeeds" status="run" time="*" classname="SuccessfulTest"/>
+  </testsuite>
+  <testsuite name="FailedTest" tests="1" failures="1" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*">
+    <testcase name="Fails" status="run" time="*" classname="FailedTest">
+      <failure message="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*&#x0A;      Expected: 1&#x0A;To be equal to: 2" type=""><![CDATA[gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*
+      Expected: 1
+To be equal to: 2%(stack)s]]></failure>
+    </testcase>
+  </testsuite>
+  <testsuite name="MixedResultTest" tests="3" failures="1" disabled="1" errors="0" time="*">
+    <testcase name="Succeeds" status="run" time="*" classname="MixedResultTest"/>
+    <testcase name="Fails" status="run" time="*" classname="MixedResultTest">
+      <failure message="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*&#x0A;      Expected: 1&#x0A;To be equal to: 2" type=""><![CDATA[gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*
+      Expected: 1
+To be equal to: 2%(stack)s]]></failure>
+      <failure message="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*&#x0A;      Expected: 2&#x0A;To be equal to: 3" type=""><![CDATA[gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*
+      Expected: 2
+To be equal to: 3%(stack)s]]></failure>
+    </testcase>
+    <testcase name="DISABLED_test" status="notrun" time="*" classname="MixedResultTest"/>
+  </testsuite>
+  <testsuite name="XmlQuotingTest" tests="1" failures="1" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*">
+    <testcase name="OutputsCData" status="run" time="*" classname="XmlQuotingTest">
+      <failure message="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*&#x0A;Failed&#x0A;XML output: &lt;?xml encoding=&quot;utf-8&quot;&gt;&lt;top&gt;&lt;![CDATA[cdata text]]&gt;&lt;/top&gt;" type=""><![CDATA[gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*
+Failed
+XML output: <?xml encoding="utf-8"><top><![CDATA[cdata text]]>]]&gt;<![CDATA[</top>%(stack)s]]></failure>
+    </testcase>
+  </testsuite>
+  <testsuite name="InvalidCharactersTest" tests="1" failures="1" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*">
+    <testcase name="InvalidCharactersInMessage" status="run" time="*" classname="InvalidCharactersTest">
+      <failure message="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*&#x0A;Failed&#x0A;Invalid characters in brackets []" type=""><![CDATA[gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*
+Failed
+Invalid characters in brackets []%(stack)s]]></failure>
+    </testcase>
+  </testsuite>
+  <testsuite name="DisabledTest" tests="1" failures="0" disabled="1" errors="0" time="*">
+    <testcase name="DISABLED_test_not_run" status="notrun" time="*" classname="DisabledTest"/>
+  </testsuite>
+  <testsuite name="PropertyRecordingTest" tests="4" failures="0" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*" SetUpTestCase="yes" TearDownTestCase="aye">
+    <testcase name="OneProperty" status="run" time="*" classname="PropertyRecordingTest" key_1="1"/>
+    <testcase name="IntValuedProperty" status="run" time="*" classname="PropertyRecordingTest" key_int="1"/>
+    <testcase name="ThreeProperties" status="run" time="*" classname="PropertyRecordingTest" key_1="1" key_2="2" key_3="3"/>
+    <testcase name="TwoValuesForOneKeyUsesLastValue" status="run" time="*" classname="PropertyRecordingTest" key_1="2"/>
+  </testsuite>
+  <testsuite name="NoFixtureTest" tests="3" failures="0" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*">
+     <testcase name="RecordProperty" status="run" time="*" classname="NoFixtureTest" key="1"/>
+     <testcase name="ExternalUtilityThatCallsRecordIntValuedProperty" status="run" time="*" classname="NoFixtureTest" key_for_utility_int="1"/>
+     <testcase name="ExternalUtilityThatCallsRecordStringValuedProperty" status="run" time="*" classname="NoFixtureTest" key_for_utility_string="1"/>
+  </testsuite>
+  <testsuite name="Single/ValueParamTest" tests="4" failures="0" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*">
+    <testcase name="HasValueParamAttribute/0" value_param="33" status="run" time="*" classname="Single/ValueParamTest" />
+    <testcase name="HasValueParamAttribute/1" value_param="42" status="run" time="*" classname="Single/ValueParamTest" />
+    <testcase name="AnotherTestThatHasValueParamAttribute/0" value_param="33" status="run" time="*" classname="Single/ValueParamTest" />
+    <testcase name="AnotherTestThatHasValueParamAttribute/1" value_param="42" status="run" time="*" classname="Single/ValueParamTest" />
+  </testsuite>
+  <testsuite name="TypedTest/0" tests="1" failures="0" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*">
+    <testcase name="HasTypeParamAttribute" type_param="*" status="run" time="*" classname="TypedTest/0" />
+  </testsuite>
+  <testsuite name="TypedTest/1" tests="1" failures="0" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*">
+    <testcase name="HasTypeParamAttribute" type_param="*" status="run" time="*" classname="TypedTest/1" />
+  </testsuite>
+  <testsuite name="Single/TypeParameterizedTestCase/0" tests="1" failures="0" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*">
+    <testcase name="HasTypeParamAttribute" type_param="*" status="run" time="*" classname="Single/TypeParameterizedTestCase/0" />
+  </testsuite>
+  <testsuite name="Single/TypeParameterizedTestCase/1" tests="1" failures="0" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*">
+    <testcase name="HasTypeParamAttribute" type_param="*" status="run" time="*" classname="Single/TypeParameterizedTestCase/1" />
+  </testsuite>
+</testsuites>""" % {'stack': STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE}
+
+EXPECTED_FILTERED_TEST_XML = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<testsuites tests="1" failures="0" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*"
+            timestamp="*" name="AllTests" ad_hoc_property="42">
+  <testsuite name="SuccessfulTest" tests="1" failures="0" disabled="0"
+             errors="0" time="*">
+    <testcase name="Succeeds" status="run" time="*" classname="SuccessfulTest"/>
+  </testsuite>
+</testsuites>"""
+
+EXPECTED_EMPTY_XML = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<testsuites tests="0" failures="0" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*"
+            timestamp="*" name="AllTests">
+</testsuites>"""
+
+GTEST_PROGRAM_PATH = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(GTEST_PROGRAM_NAME)
+
+SUPPORTS_TYPED_TESTS = 'TypedTest' in gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
+    [GTEST_PROGRAM_PATH, GTEST_LIST_TESTS_FLAG], capture_stderr=False).output
+
+
+class GTestXMLOutputUnitTest(gtest_xml_test_utils.GTestXMLTestCase):
+  """
+  Unit test for Google Test's XML output functionality.
+  """
+
+  # This test currently breaks on platforms that do not support typed and
+  # type-parameterized tests, so we don't run it under them.
+  if SUPPORTS_TYPED_TESTS:
+    def testNonEmptyXmlOutput(self):
+      """
+      Runs a test program that generates a non-empty XML output, and
+      tests that the XML output is expected.
+      """
+      self._TestXmlOutput(GTEST_PROGRAM_NAME, EXPECTED_NON_EMPTY_XML, 1)
+
+  def testEmptyXmlOutput(self):
+    """Verifies XML output for a Google Test binary without actual tests.
+
+    Runs a test program that generates an empty XML output, and
+    tests that the XML output is expected.
+    """
+
+    self._TestXmlOutput('gtest_no_test_unittest', EXPECTED_EMPTY_XML, 0)
+
+  def testTimestampValue(self):
+    """Checks whether the timestamp attribute in the XML output is valid.
+
+    Runs a test program that generates an empty XML output, and checks if
+    the timestamp attribute in the testsuites tag is valid.
+    """
+    actual = self._GetXmlOutput('gtest_no_test_unittest', [], 0)
+    date_time_str = actual.documentElement.getAttributeNode('timestamp').value
+    # datetime.strptime() is only available in Python 2.5+ so we have to
+    # parse the expected datetime manually.
+    match = re.match(r'(\d+)-(\d\d)-(\d\d)T(\d\d):(\d\d):(\d\d)', date_time_str)
+    self.assertTrue(
+        re.match,
+        'XML datettime string %s has incorrect format' % date_time_str)
+    date_time_from_xml = datetime.datetime(
+        year=int(match.group(1)), month=int(match.group(2)),
+        day=int(match.group(3)), hour=int(match.group(4)),
+        minute=int(match.group(5)), second=int(match.group(6)))
+
+    time_delta = abs(datetime.datetime.now() - date_time_from_xml)
+    # timestamp value should be near the current local time
+    self.assertTrue(time_delta < datetime.timedelta(seconds=600),
+                    'time_delta is %s' % time_delta)
+    actual.unlink()
+
+  def testDefaultOutputFile(self):
+    """
+    Confirms that Google Test produces an XML output file with the expected
+    default name if no name is explicitly specified.
+    """
+    output_file = os.path.join(gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(),
+                               GTEST_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE)
+    gtest_prog_path = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(
+        'gtest_no_test_unittest')
+    try:
+      os.remove(output_file)
+    except OSError:
+      e = sys.exc_info()[1]
+      if e.errno != errno.ENOENT:
+        raise
+
+    p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
+        [gtest_prog_path, '%s=xml' % GTEST_OUTPUT_FLAG],
+        working_dir=gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir())
+    self.assert_(p.exited)
+    self.assertEquals(0, p.exit_code)
+    self.assert_(os.path.isfile(output_file))
+
+  def testSuppressedXmlOutput(self):
+    """
+    Tests that no XML file is generated if the default XML listener is
+    shut down before RUN_ALL_TESTS is invoked.
+    """
+
+    xml_path = os.path.join(gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(),
+                            GTEST_PROGRAM_NAME + 'out.xml')
+    if os.path.isfile(xml_path):
+      os.remove(xml_path)
+
+    command = [GTEST_PROGRAM_PATH,
+               '%s=xml:%s' % (GTEST_OUTPUT_FLAG, xml_path),
+               '--shut_down_xml']
+    p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(command)
+    if p.terminated_by_signal:
+      # p.signal is avalable only if p.terminated_by_signal is True.
+      self.assertFalse(
+          p.terminated_by_signal,
+          '%s was killed by signal %d' % (GTEST_PROGRAM_NAME, p.signal))
+    else:
+      self.assert_(p.exited)
+      self.assertEquals(1, p.exit_code,
+                        "'%s' exited with code %s, which doesn't match "
+                        'the expected exit code %s.'
+                        % (command, p.exit_code, 1))
+
+    self.assert_(not os.path.isfile(xml_path))
+
+  def testFilteredTestXmlOutput(self):
+    """Verifies XML output when a filter is applied.
+
+    Runs a test program that executes only some tests and verifies that
+    non-selected tests do not show up in the XML output.
+    """
+
+    self._TestXmlOutput(GTEST_PROGRAM_NAME, EXPECTED_FILTERED_TEST_XML, 0,
+                        extra_args=['%s=SuccessfulTest.*' % GTEST_FILTER_FLAG])
+
+  def _GetXmlOutput(self, gtest_prog_name, extra_args, expected_exit_code):
+    """
+    Returns the xml output generated by running the program gtest_prog_name.
+    Furthermore, the program's exit code must be expected_exit_code.
+    """
+    xml_path = os.path.join(gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(),
+                            gtest_prog_name + 'out.xml')
+    gtest_prog_path = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(gtest_prog_name)
+
+    command = ([gtest_prog_path, '%s=xml:%s' % (GTEST_OUTPUT_FLAG, xml_path)] +
+               extra_args)
+    p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(command)
+    if p.terminated_by_signal:
+      self.assert_(False,
+                   '%s was killed by signal %d' % (gtest_prog_name, p.signal))
+    else:
+      self.assert_(p.exited)
+      self.assertEquals(expected_exit_code, p.exit_code,
+                        "'%s' exited with code %s, which doesn't match "
+                        'the expected exit code %s.'
+                        % (command, p.exit_code, expected_exit_code))
+    actual = minidom.parse(xml_path)
+    return actual
+
+  def _TestXmlOutput(self, gtest_prog_name, expected_xml,
+                     expected_exit_code, extra_args=None):
+    """
+    Asserts that the XML document generated by running the program
+    gtest_prog_name matches expected_xml, a string containing another
+    XML document.  Furthermore, the program's exit code must be
+    expected_exit_code.
+    """
+
+    actual = self._GetXmlOutput(gtest_prog_name, extra_args or [],
+                                expected_exit_code)
+    expected = minidom.parseString(expected_xml)
+    self.NormalizeXml(actual.documentElement)
+    self.AssertEquivalentNodes(expected.documentElement,
+                               actual.documentElement)
+    expected.unlink()
+    actual.unlink()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  os.environ['GTEST_STACK_TRACE_DEPTH'] = '1'
+  gtest_test_utils.Main()
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..48b8771b5246
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+// Copyright 2006, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: eefacm@gmail.com (Sean Mcafee)
+
+// Unit test for Google Test XML output.
+//
+// A user can specify XML output in a Google Test program to run via
+// either the GTEST_OUTPUT environment variable or the --gtest_output
+// flag.  This is used for testing such functionality.
+//
+// This program will be invoked from a Python unit test.  Don't run it
+// directly.
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+using ::testing::InitGoogleTest;
+using ::testing::TestEventListeners;
+using ::testing::TestWithParam;
+using ::testing::UnitTest;
+using ::testing::Test;
+using ::testing::Values;
+
+class SuccessfulTest : public Test {
+};
+
+TEST_F(SuccessfulTest, Succeeds) {
+  SUCCEED() << "This is a success.";
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, 1);
+}
+
+class FailedTest : public Test {
+};
+
+TEST_F(FailedTest, Fails) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, 2);
+}
+
+class DisabledTest : public Test {
+};
+
+TEST_F(DisabledTest, DISABLED_test_not_run) {
+  FAIL() << "Unexpected failure: Disabled test should not be run";
+}
+
+TEST(MixedResultTest, Succeeds) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, 1);
+}
+
+TEST(MixedResultTest, Fails) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, 2);
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, 3);
+}
+
+TEST(MixedResultTest, DISABLED_test) {
+  FAIL() << "Unexpected failure: Disabled test should not be run";
+}
+
+TEST(XmlQuotingTest, OutputsCData) {
+  FAIL() << "XML output: "
+            "<?xml encoding=\"utf-8\"><top><![CDATA[cdata text]]></top>";
+}
+
+// Helps to test that invalid characters produced by test code do not make
+// it into the XML file.
+TEST(InvalidCharactersTest, InvalidCharactersInMessage) {
+  FAIL() << "Invalid characters in brackets [\x1\x2]";
+}
+
+class PropertyRecordingTest : public Test {
+ public:
+  static void SetUpTestCase() { RecordProperty("SetUpTestCase", "yes"); }
+  static void TearDownTestCase() { RecordProperty("TearDownTestCase", "aye"); }
+};
+
+TEST_F(PropertyRecordingTest, OneProperty) {
+  RecordProperty("key_1", "1");
+}
+
+TEST_F(PropertyRecordingTest, IntValuedProperty) {
+  RecordProperty("key_int", 1);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PropertyRecordingTest, ThreeProperties) {
+  RecordProperty("key_1", "1");
+  RecordProperty("key_2", "2");
+  RecordProperty("key_3", "3");
+}
+
+TEST_F(PropertyRecordingTest, TwoValuesForOneKeyUsesLastValue) {
+  RecordProperty("key_1", "1");
+  RecordProperty("key_1", "2");
+}
+
+TEST(NoFixtureTest, RecordProperty) {
+  RecordProperty("key", "1");
+}
+
+void ExternalUtilityThatCallsRecordProperty(const std::string& key, int value) {
+  testing::Test::RecordProperty(key, value);
+}
+
+void ExternalUtilityThatCallsRecordProperty(const std::string& key,
+                                            const std::string& value) {
+  testing::Test::RecordProperty(key, value);
+}
+
+TEST(NoFixtureTest, ExternalUtilityThatCallsRecordIntValuedProperty) {
+  ExternalUtilityThatCallsRecordProperty("key_for_utility_int", 1);
+}
+
+TEST(NoFixtureTest, ExternalUtilityThatCallsRecordStringValuedProperty) {
+  ExternalUtilityThatCallsRecordProperty("key_for_utility_string", "1");
+}
+
+// Verifies that the test parameter value is output in the 'value_param'
+// XML attribute for value-parameterized tests.
+class ValueParamTest : public TestWithParam<int> {};
+TEST_P(ValueParamTest, HasValueParamAttribute) {}
+TEST_P(ValueParamTest, AnotherTestThatHasValueParamAttribute) {}
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(Single, ValueParamTest, Values(33, 42));
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+// Verifies that the type parameter name is output in the 'type_param'
+// XML attribute for typed tests.
+template <typename T> class TypedTest : public Test {};
+typedef testing::Types<int, long> TypedTestTypes;
+TYPED_TEST_CASE(TypedTest, TypedTestTypes);
+TYPED_TEST(TypedTest, HasTypeParamAttribute) {}
+#endif
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
+// Verifies that the type parameter name is output in the 'type_param'
+// XML attribute for type-parameterized tests.
+template <typename T> class TypeParameterizedTestCase : public Test {};
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(TypeParameterizedTestCase);
+TYPED_TEST_P(TypeParameterizedTestCase, HasTypeParamAttribute) {}
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(TypeParameterizedTestCase, HasTypeParamAttribute);
+typedef testing::Types<int, long> TypeParameterizedTestCaseTypes;
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(Single,
+                              TypeParameterizedTestCase,
+                              TypeParameterizedTestCaseTypes);
+#endif
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+  if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "--shut_down_xml") == 0) {
+    TestEventListeners& listeners = UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners();
+    delete listeners.Release(listeners.default_xml_generator());
+  }
+  testing::Test::RecordProperty("ad_hoc_property", "42");
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_xml_test_utils.py b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_xml_test_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..341956b54ddf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/gtest_xml_test_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright 2006, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Unit test utilities for gtest_xml_output"""
+
+__author__ = 'eefacm@gmail.com (Sean Mcafee)'
+
+import re
+from xml.dom import minidom, Node
+
+import gtest_test_utils
+
+
+GTEST_OUTPUT_FLAG         = '--gtest_output'
+GTEST_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE = 'test_detail.xml'
+
+class GTestXMLTestCase(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
+  """
+  Base class for tests of Google Test's XML output functionality.
+  """
+
+
+  def AssertEquivalentNodes(self, expected_node, actual_node):
+    """
+    Asserts that actual_node (a DOM node object) is equivalent to
+    expected_node (another DOM node object), in that either both of
+    them are CDATA nodes and have the same value, or both are DOM
+    elements and actual_node meets all of the following conditions:
+
+    *  It has the same tag name as expected_node.
+    *  It has the same set of attributes as expected_node, each with
+       the same value as the corresponding attribute of expected_node.
+       Exceptions are any attribute named "time", which needs only be
+       convertible to a floating-point number and any attribute named
+       "type_param" which only has to be non-empty.
+    *  It has an equivalent set of child nodes (including elements and
+       CDATA sections) as expected_node.  Note that we ignore the
+       order of the children as they are not guaranteed to be in any
+       particular order.
+    """
+
+    if expected_node.nodeType == Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE:
+      self.assertEquals(Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE, actual_node.nodeType)
+      self.assertEquals(expected_node.nodeValue, actual_node.nodeValue)
+      return
+
+    self.assertEquals(Node.ELEMENT_NODE, actual_node.nodeType)
+    self.assertEquals(Node.ELEMENT_NODE, expected_node.nodeType)
+    self.assertEquals(expected_node.tagName, actual_node.tagName)
+
+    expected_attributes = expected_node.attributes
+    actual_attributes   = actual_node  .attributes
+    self.assertEquals(
+        expected_attributes.length, actual_attributes.length,
+        'attribute numbers differ in element %s:\nExpected: %r\nActual: %r' % (
+            actual_node.tagName, expected_attributes.keys(),
+            actual_attributes.keys()))
+    for i in range(expected_attributes.length):
+      expected_attr = expected_attributes.item(i)
+      actual_attr   = actual_attributes.get(expected_attr.name)
+      self.assert_(
+          actual_attr is not None,
+          'expected attribute %s not found in element %s' %
+          (expected_attr.name, actual_node.tagName))
+      self.assertEquals(
+          expected_attr.value, actual_attr.value,
+          ' values of attribute %s in element %s differ: %s vs %s' %
+          (expected_attr.name, actual_node.tagName,
+           expected_attr.value, actual_attr.value))
+
+    expected_children = self._GetChildren(expected_node)
+    actual_children = self._GetChildren(actual_node)
+    self.assertEquals(
+        len(expected_children), len(actual_children),
+        'number of child elements differ in element ' + actual_node.tagName)
+    for child_id, child in expected_children.items():
+      self.assert_(child_id in actual_children,
+                   '<%s> is not in <%s> (in element %s)' %
+                   (child_id, actual_children, actual_node.tagName))
+      self.AssertEquivalentNodes(child, actual_children[child_id])
+
+  identifying_attribute = {
+    'testsuites': 'name',
+    'testsuite': 'name',
+    'testcase':  'name',
+    'failure':   'message',
+    }
+
+  def _GetChildren(self, element):
+    """
+    Fetches all of the child nodes of element, a DOM Element object.
+    Returns them as the values of a dictionary keyed by the IDs of the
+    children.  For <testsuites>, <testsuite> and <testcase> elements, the ID
+    is the value of their "name" attribute; for <failure> elements, it is
+    the value of the "message" attribute; CDATA sections and non-whitespace
+    text nodes are concatenated into a single CDATA section with ID
+    "detail".  An exception is raised if any element other than the above
+    four is encountered, if two child elements with the same identifying
+    attributes are encountered, or if any other type of node is encountered.
+    """
+
+    children = {}
+    for child in element.childNodes:
+      if child.nodeType == Node.ELEMENT_NODE:
+        self.assert_(child.tagName in self.identifying_attribute,
+                     'Encountered unknown element <%s>' % child.tagName)
+        childID = child.getAttribute(self.identifying_attribute[child.tagName])
+        self.assert_(childID not in children)
+        children[childID] = child
+      elif child.nodeType in [Node.TEXT_NODE, Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE]:
+        if 'detail' not in children:
+          if (child.nodeType == Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE or
+              not child.nodeValue.isspace()):
+            children['detail'] = child.ownerDocument.createCDATASection(
+                child.nodeValue)
+        else:
+          children['detail'].nodeValue += child.nodeValue
+      else:
+        self.fail('Encountered unexpected node type %d' % child.nodeType)
+    return children
+
+  def NormalizeXml(self, element):
+    """
+    Normalizes Google Test's XML output to eliminate references to transient
+    information that may change from run to run.
+
+    *  The "time" attribute of <testsuites>, <testsuite> and <testcase>
+       elements is replaced with a single asterisk, if it contains
+       only digit characters.
+    *  The "timestamp" attribute of <testsuites> elements is replaced with a
+       single asterisk, if it contains a valid ISO8601 datetime value.
+    *  The "type_param" attribute of <testcase> elements is replaced with a
+       single asterisk (if it sn non-empty) as it is the type name returned
+       by the compiler and is platform dependent.
+    *  The line info reported in the first line of the "message"
+       attribute and CDATA section of <failure> elements is replaced with the
+       file's basename and a single asterisk for the line number.
+    *  The directory names in file paths are removed.
+    *  The stack traces are removed.
+    """
+
+    if element.tagName == 'testsuites':
+      timestamp = element.getAttributeNode('timestamp')
+      timestamp.value = re.sub(r'^\d{4}-\d\d-\d\dT\d\d:\d\d:\d\d$',
+                               '*', timestamp.value)
+    if element.tagName in ('testsuites', 'testsuite', 'testcase'):
+      time = element.getAttributeNode('time')
+      time.value = re.sub(r'^\d+(\.\d+)?$', '*', time.value)
+      type_param = element.getAttributeNode('type_param')
+      if type_param and type_param.value:
+        type_param.value = '*'
+    elif element.tagName == 'failure':
+      source_line_pat = r'^.*[/\\](.*:)\d+\n'
+      # Replaces the source line information with a normalized form.
+      message = element.getAttributeNode('message')
+      message.value = re.sub(source_line_pat, '\\1*\n', message.value)
+      for child in element.childNodes:
+        if child.nodeType == Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE:
+          # Replaces the source line information with a normalized form.
+          cdata = re.sub(source_line_pat, '\\1*\n', child.nodeValue)
+          # Removes the actual stack trace.
+          child.nodeValue = re.sub(r'\nStack trace:\n(.|\n)*',
+                                   '', cdata)
+    for child in element.childNodes:
+      if child.nodeType == Node.ELEMENT_NODE:
+        self.NormalizeXml(child)
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/production.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/production.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8b8a40b44e9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/production.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright 2006, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+//
+// This is part of the unit test for include/gtest/gtest_prod.h.
+
+#include "production.h"
+
+PrivateCode::PrivateCode() : x_(0) {}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/production.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/production.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..98fd5e476c88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/test/production.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Copyright 2006, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+//
+// This is part of the unit test for include/gtest/gtest_prod.h.
+
+#ifndef GTEST_TEST_PRODUCTION_H_
+#define GTEST_TEST_PRODUCTION_H_
+
+#include "gtest/gtest_prod.h"
+
+class PrivateCode {
+ public:
+  // Declares a friend test that does not use a fixture.
+  FRIEND_TEST(PrivateCodeTest, CanAccessPrivateMembers);
+
+  // Declares a friend test that uses a fixture.
+  FRIEND_TEST(PrivateCodeFixtureTest, CanAccessPrivateMembers);
+
+  PrivateCode();
+
+  int x() const { return x_; }
+ private:
+  void set_x(int an_x) { x_ = an_x; }
+  int x_;
+};
+
+#endif  // GTEST_TEST_PRODUCTION_H_
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Config/DebugProject.xcconfig b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Config/DebugProject.xcconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3d68157d5d51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Config/DebugProject.xcconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//
+//  DebugProject.xcconfig
+//
+//  These are Debug Configuration project settings for the gtest framework and
+//  examples. It is set in the "Based On:" dropdown in the "Project" info
+//  dialog.
+//  This file is based on the Xcode Configuration files in:
+//  http://code.google.com/p/google-toolbox-for-mac/
+// 
+
+#include "General.xcconfig"
+
+// No optimization
+GCC_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL = 0
+
+// Deployment postprocessing is what triggers Xcode to strip, turn it off
+DEPLOYMENT_POSTPROCESSING = NO
+
+// Dead code stripping off
+DEAD_CODE_STRIPPING = NO
+
+// Debug symbols should be on obviously
+GCC_GENERATE_DEBUGGING_SYMBOLS = YES
+
+// Define the DEBUG macro in all debug builds
+OTHER_CFLAGS = $(OTHER_CFLAGS) -DDEBUG=1
+
+// These are turned off to avoid STL incompatibilities with client code
+// // Turns on special C++ STL checks to "encourage" good STL use
+// GCC_PREPROCESSOR_DEFINITIONS = $(GCC_PREPROCESSOR_DEFINITIONS) _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDANTIC _GLIBCXX_DEBUG _GLIBCPP_CONCEPT_CHECKS
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Config/FrameworkTarget.xcconfig b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Config/FrameworkTarget.xcconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..357b1c8fbfa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Config/FrameworkTarget.xcconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//
+//  FrameworkTarget.xcconfig
+//
+//  These are Framework target settings for the gtest framework and examples. It
+//  is set in the "Based On:" dropdown in the "Target" info dialog.
+//  This file is based on the Xcode Configuration files in:
+//  http://code.google.com/p/google-toolbox-for-mac/
+// 
+
+// Dynamic libs need to be position independent
+GCC_DYNAMIC_NO_PIC = NO
+
+// Dynamic libs should not have their external symbols stripped.
+STRIP_STYLE = non-global
+
+// Let the user install by specifying the $DSTROOT with xcodebuild
+SKIP_INSTALL = NO
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Config/General.xcconfig b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Config/General.xcconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f23e32227275
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Config/General.xcconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+//
+//  General.xcconfig
+//
+//  These are General configuration settings for the gtest framework and
+//  examples.
+//  This file is based on the Xcode Configuration files in:
+//  http://code.google.com/p/google-toolbox-for-mac/
+// 
+
+// Build for PPC and Intel, 32- and 64-bit
+ARCHS = i386 x86_64 ppc ppc64
+
+// Zerolink prevents link warnings so turn it off
+ZERO_LINK = NO
+
+// Prebinding considered unhelpful in 10.3 and later
+PREBINDING = NO
+
+// Strictest warning policy
+WARNING_CFLAGS = -Wall -Werror -Wendif-labels -Wnewline-eof -Wno-sign-compare -Wshadow
+
+// Work around Xcode bugs by using external strip. See:
+// http://lists.apple.com/archives/Xcode-users/2006/Feb/msg00050.html
+SEPARATE_STRIP = YES
+
+// Force C99 dialect
+GCC_C_LANGUAGE_STANDARD = c99
+
+// not sure why apple defaults this on, but it's pretty risky
+ALWAYS_SEARCH_USER_PATHS = NO
+
+// Turn on position dependent code for most cases (overridden where appropriate)
+GCC_DYNAMIC_NO_PIC = YES
+
+// Default SDK and minimum OS version is 10.4
+SDKROOT = $(DEVELOPER_SDK_DIR)/MacOSX10.4u.sdk
+MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 10.4
+GCC_VERSION = 4.0
+
+// VERSIONING BUILD SETTINGS (used in Info.plist)
+GTEST_VERSIONINFO_ABOUT =  © 2008 Google Inc.
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Config/ReleaseProject.xcconfig b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Config/ReleaseProject.xcconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5349f0a04afc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Config/ReleaseProject.xcconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+//
+//  ReleaseProject.xcconfig
+//
+//  These are Release Configuration project settings for the gtest framework
+//  and examples. It is set in the "Based On:" dropdown in the "Project" info
+//  dialog.
+//  This file is based on the Xcode Configuration files in:
+//  http://code.google.com/p/google-toolbox-for-mac/
+// 
+
+#include "General.xcconfig"
+
+// subconfig/Release.xcconfig
+
+// Optimize for space and size (Apple recommendation)
+GCC_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL = s
+
+// Deploment postprocessing is what triggers Xcode to strip
+DEPLOYMENT_POSTPROCESSING = YES
+
+// No symbols
+GCC_GENERATE_DEBUGGING_SYMBOLS = NO
+
+// Dead code strip does not affect ObjC code but can help for C
+DEAD_CODE_STRIPPING = YES
+
+// NDEBUG is used by things like assert.h, so define it for general compat.
+// ASSERT going away in release tends to create unused vars.
+OTHER_CFLAGS = $(OTHER_CFLAGS) -DNDEBUG=1 -Wno-unused-variable
+
+// When we strip we want to strip all symbols in release, but save externals.
+STRIP_STYLE = all
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Config/StaticLibraryTarget.xcconfig b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Config/StaticLibraryTarget.xcconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3922fa51d52d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Config/StaticLibraryTarget.xcconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//
+//  StaticLibraryTarget.xcconfig
+//
+//  These are static library target settings for libgtest.a. It
+//  is set in the "Based On:" dropdown in the "Target" info dialog.
+//  This file is based on the Xcode Configuration files in:
+//  http://code.google.com/p/google-toolbox-for-mac/
+// 
+
+// Static libs can be included in bundles so make them position independent
+GCC_DYNAMIC_NO_PIC = NO
+
+// Static libs should not have their internal globals or external symbols
+// stripped.
+STRIP_STYLE = debugging
+
+// Let the user install by specifying the $DSTROOT with xcodebuild
+SKIP_INSTALL = NO
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Config/TestTarget.xcconfig b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Config/TestTarget.xcconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e6652ba85990
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Config/TestTarget.xcconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//
+//  TestTarget.xcconfig
+//
+//  These are Test target settings for the gtest framework and examples. It
+//  is set in the "Based On:" dropdown in the "Target" info dialog.
+
+PRODUCT_NAME = $(TARGET_NAME)
+HEADER_SEARCH_PATHS = ../include
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Resources/Info.plist b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Resources/Info.plist
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9dd28ea1485a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Resources/Info.plist
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
+	<string>English</string>
+	<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
+	<string>${EXECUTABLE_NAME}</string>
+	<key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
+	<string></string>
+	<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+	<string>com.google.${PRODUCT_NAME}</string>
+	<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
+	<string>6.0</string>
+	<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+	<string>FMWK</string>
+	<key>CFBundleSignature</key>
+	<string>????</string>
+	<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+	<string>GTEST_VERSIONINFO_LONG</string>
+	<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
+	<string>GTEST_VERSIONINFO_SHORT</string>
+	<key>CFBundleGetInfoString</key>
+	<string>${PRODUCT_NAME} GTEST_VERSIONINFO_LONG, ${GTEST_VERSIONINFO_ABOUT}</string>
+	<key>NSHumanReadableCopyright</key>
+	<string>${GTEST_VERSIONINFO_ABOUT}</string>
+	<key>CSResourcesFileMapped</key>
+	<true/>
+</dict>
+</plist>
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/Info.plist b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/Info.plist
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f3852edea277
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/Info.plist
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
+	<string>English</string>
+	<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
+	<string>${EXECUTABLE_NAME}</string>
+	<key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
+	<string></string>
+	<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+	<string>com.google.gtest.${PRODUCT_NAME:identifier}</string>
+	<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
+	<string>6.0</string>
+	<key>CFBundleName</key>
+	<string>${PRODUCT_NAME}</string>
+	<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+	<string>FMWK</string>
+	<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
+	<string>1.0</string>
+	<key>CFBundleSignature</key>
+	<string>????</string>
+	<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+	<string>1.0</string>
+	<key>CSResourcesFileMapped</key>
+	<true/>
+</dict>
+</plist>
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/WidgetFramework.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/WidgetFramework.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..497617eb6896
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/WidgetFramework.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
@@ -0,0 +1,457 @@
+// !$*UTF8*$!
+{
+	archiveVersion = 1;
+	classes = {
+	};
+	objectVersion = 42;
+	objects = {
+
+/* Begin PBXAggregateTarget section */
+		4024D162113D7D2400C7059E /* Test */ = {
+			isa = PBXAggregateTarget;
+			buildConfigurationList = 4024D169113D7D4600C7059E /* Build configuration list for PBXAggregateTarget "Test" */;
+			buildPhases = (
+				4024D161113D7D2400C7059E /* ShellScript */,
+			);
+			dependencies = (
+				4024D166113D7D3100C7059E /* PBXTargetDependency */,
+			);
+			name = Test;
+			productName = TestAndBuild;
+		};
+		4024D1E9113D83FF00C7059E /* TestAndBuild */ = {
+			isa = PBXAggregateTarget;
+			buildConfigurationList = 4024D1F0113D842B00C7059E /* Build configuration list for PBXAggregateTarget "TestAndBuild" */;
+			buildPhases = (
+			);
+			dependencies = (
+				4024D1ED113D840900C7059E /* PBXTargetDependency */,
+				4024D1EF113D840D00C7059E /* PBXTargetDependency */,
+			);
+			name = TestAndBuild;
+			productName = TestAndBuild;
+		};
+/* End PBXAggregateTarget section */
+
+/* Begin PBXBuildFile section */
+		3B7EB1250E5AEE3500C7F239 /* widget.cc in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 3B7EB1230E5AEE3500C7F239 /* widget.cc */; };
+		3B7EB1260E5AEE3500C7F239 /* widget.h in Headers */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 3B7EB1240E5AEE3500C7F239 /* widget.h */; settings = {ATTRIBUTES = (Public, ); }; };
+		3B7EB1280E5AEE4600C7F239 /* widget_test.cc in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 3B7EB1270E5AEE4600C7F239 /* widget_test.cc */; };
+		3B7EB1480E5AF3B400C7F239 /* Widget.framework in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 8D07F2C80486CC7A007CD1D0 /* Widget.framework */; };
+		4024D188113D7D7800C7059E /* libgtest.a in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 4024D185113D7D5500C7059E /* libgtest.a */; };
+		4024D189113D7D7A00C7059E /* libgtest_main.a in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 4024D183113D7D5500C7059E /* libgtest_main.a */; };
+/* End PBXBuildFile section */
+
+/* Begin PBXContainerItemProxy section */
+		3B07BDF00E3F3FAE00647869 /* PBXContainerItemProxy */ = {
+			isa = PBXContainerItemProxy;
+			containerPortal = 0867D690FE84028FC02AAC07 /* Project object */;
+			proxyType = 1;
+			remoteGlobalIDString = 8D07F2BC0486CC7A007CD1D0;
+			remoteInfo = gTestExample;
+		};
+		4024D165113D7D3100C7059E /* PBXContainerItemProxy */ = {
+			isa = PBXContainerItemProxy;
+			containerPortal = 0867D690FE84028FC02AAC07 /* Project object */;
+			proxyType = 1;
+			remoteGlobalIDString = 3B07BDE90E3F3F9E00647869;
+			remoteInfo = WidgetFrameworkTest;
+		};
+		4024D1EC113D840900C7059E /* PBXContainerItemProxy */ = {
+			isa = PBXContainerItemProxy;
+			containerPortal = 0867D690FE84028FC02AAC07 /* Project object */;
+			proxyType = 1;
+			remoteGlobalIDString = 8D07F2BC0486CC7A007CD1D0;
+			remoteInfo = WidgetFramework;
+		};
+		4024D1EE113D840D00C7059E /* PBXContainerItemProxy */ = {
+			isa = PBXContainerItemProxy;
+			containerPortal = 0867D690FE84028FC02AAC07 /* Project object */;
+			proxyType = 1;
+			remoteGlobalIDString = 4024D162113D7D2400C7059E;
+			remoteInfo = Test;
+		};
+/* End PBXContainerItemProxy section */
+
+/* Begin PBXFileReference section */
+		3B07BDEA0E3F3F9E00647869 /* WidgetFrameworkTest */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; explicitFileType = "compiled.mach-o.executable"; includeInIndex = 0; path = WidgetFrameworkTest; sourceTree = BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR; };
+		3B7EB1230E5AEE3500C7F239 /* widget.cc */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; fileEncoding = 4; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.cpp.cpp; path = widget.cc; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
+		3B7EB1240E5AEE3500C7F239 /* widget.h */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; fileEncoding = 4; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.c.h; path = widget.h; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
+		3B7EB1270E5AEE4600C7F239 /* widget_test.cc */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; fileEncoding = 4; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.cpp.cpp; path = widget_test.cc; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
+		4024D183113D7D5500C7059E /* libgtest_main.a */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = archive.ar; name = libgtest_main.a; path = /usr/local/lib/libgtest_main.a; sourceTree = "<absolute>"; };
+		4024D185113D7D5500C7059E /* libgtest.a */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = archive.ar; name = libgtest.a; path = /usr/local/lib/libgtest.a; sourceTree = "<absolute>"; };
+		4024D1E2113D838200C7059E /* runtests.sh */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; fileEncoding = 4; lastKnownFileType = text.script.sh; path = runtests.sh; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
+		8D07F2C70486CC7A007CD1D0 /* Info.plist */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; fileEncoding = 4; lastKnownFileType = text.plist; path = Info.plist; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
+		8D07F2C80486CC7A007CD1D0 /* Widget.framework */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; explicitFileType = wrapper.framework; includeInIndex = 0; path = Widget.framework; sourceTree = BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR; };
+/* End PBXFileReference section */
+
+/* Begin PBXFrameworksBuildPhase section */
+		3B07BDE80E3F3F9E00647869 /* Frameworks */ = {
+			isa = PBXFrameworksBuildPhase;
+			buildActionMask = 2147483647;
+			files = (
+				4024D189113D7D7A00C7059E /* libgtest_main.a in Frameworks */,
+				4024D188113D7D7800C7059E /* libgtest.a in Frameworks */,
+				3B7EB1480E5AF3B400C7F239 /* Widget.framework in Frameworks */,
+			);
+			runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
+		};
+		8D07F2C30486CC7A007CD1D0 /* Frameworks */ = {
+			isa = PBXFrameworksBuildPhase;
+			buildActionMask = 2147483647;
+			files = (
+			);
+			runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
+		};
+/* End PBXFrameworksBuildPhase section */
+
+/* Begin PBXGroup section */
+		034768DDFF38A45A11DB9C8B /* Products */ = {
+			isa = PBXGroup;
+			children = (
+				8D07F2C80486CC7A007CD1D0 /* Widget.framework */,
+				3B07BDEA0E3F3F9E00647869 /* WidgetFrameworkTest */,
+			);
+			name = Products;
+			sourceTree = "<group>";
+		};
+		0867D691FE84028FC02AAC07 /* gTestExample */ = {
+			isa = PBXGroup;
+			children = (
+				4024D1E1113D836C00C7059E /* Scripts */,
+				08FB77ACFE841707C02AAC07 /* Source */,
+				089C1665FE841158C02AAC07 /* Resources */,
+				3B07BE350E4094E400647869 /* Test */,
+				0867D69AFE84028FC02AAC07 /* External Frameworks and Libraries */,
+				034768DDFF38A45A11DB9C8B /* Products */,
+			);
+			name = gTestExample;
+			sourceTree = "<group>";
+		};
+		0867D69AFE84028FC02AAC07 /* External Frameworks and Libraries */ = {
+			isa = PBXGroup;
+			children = (
+				4024D183113D7D5500C7059E /* libgtest_main.a */,
+				4024D185113D7D5500C7059E /* libgtest.a */,
+			);
+			name = "External Frameworks and Libraries";
+			sourceTree = "<group>";
+		};
+		089C1665FE841158C02AAC07 /* Resources */ = {
+			isa = PBXGroup;
+			children = (
+				8D07F2C70486CC7A007CD1D0 /* Info.plist */,
+			);
+			name = Resources;
+			sourceTree = "<group>";
+		};
+		08FB77ACFE841707C02AAC07 /* Source */ = {
+			isa = PBXGroup;
+			children = (
+				3B7EB1230E5AEE3500C7F239 /* widget.cc */,
+				3B7EB1240E5AEE3500C7F239 /* widget.h */,
+			);
+			name = Source;
+			sourceTree = "<group>";
+		};
+		3B07BE350E4094E400647869 /* Test */ = {
+			isa = PBXGroup;
+			children = (
+				3B7EB1270E5AEE4600C7F239 /* widget_test.cc */,
+			);
+			name = Test;
+			sourceTree = "<group>";
+		};
+		4024D1E1113D836C00C7059E /* Scripts */ = {
+			isa = PBXGroup;
+			children = (
+				4024D1E2113D838200C7059E /* runtests.sh */,
+			);
+			name = Scripts;
+			sourceTree = "<group>";
+		};
+/* End PBXGroup section */
+
+/* Begin PBXHeadersBuildPhase section */
+		8D07F2BD0486CC7A007CD1D0 /* Headers */ = {
+			isa = PBXHeadersBuildPhase;
+			buildActionMask = 2147483647;
+			files = (
+				3B7EB1260E5AEE3500C7F239 /* widget.h in Headers */,
+			);
+			runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
+		};
+/* End PBXHeadersBuildPhase section */
+
+/* Begin PBXNativeTarget section */
+		3B07BDE90E3F3F9E00647869 /* WidgetFrameworkTest */ = {
+			isa = PBXNativeTarget;
+			buildConfigurationList = 3B07BDF40E3F3FB600647869 /* Build configuration list for PBXNativeTarget "WidgetFrameworkTest" */;
+			buildPhases = (
+				3B07BDE70E3F3F9E00647869 /* Sources */,
+				3B07BDE80E3F3F9E00647869 /* Frameworks */,
+			);
+			buildRules = (
+			);
+			dependencies = (
+				3B07BDF10E3F3FAE00647869 /* PBXTargetDependency */,
+			);
+			name = WidgetFrameworkTest;
+			productName = gTestExampleTest;
+			productReference = 3B07BDEA0E3F3F9E00647869 /* WidgetFrameworkTest */;
+			productType = "com.apple.product-type.tool";
+		};
+		8D07F2BC0486CC7A007CD1D0 /* WidgetFramework */ = {
+			isa = PBXNativeTarget;
+			buildConfigurationList = 4FADC24208B4156D00ABE55E /* Build configuration list for PBXNativeTarget "WidgetFramework" */;
+			buildPhases = (
+				8D07F2C10486CC7A007CD1D0 /* Sources */,
+				8D07F2C30486CC7A007CD1D0 /* Frameworks */,
+				8D07F2BD0486CC7A007CD1D0 /* Headers */,
+				8D07F2BF0486CC7A007CD1D0 /* Resources */,
+				8D07F2C50486CC7A007CD1D0 /* Rez */,
+			);
+			buildRules = (
+			);
+			dependencies = (
+			);
+			name = WidgetFramework;
+			productInstallPath = "$(HOME)/Library/Frameworks";
+			productName = gTestExample;
+			productReference = 8D07F2C80486CC7A007CD1D0 /* Widget.framework */;
+			productType = "com.apple.product-type.framework";
+		};
+/* End PBXNativeTarget section */
+
+/* Begin PBXProject section */
+		0867D690FE84028FC02AAC07 /* Project object */ = {
+			isa = PBXProject;
+			buildConfigurationList = 4FADC24608B4156D00ABE55E /* Build configuration list for PBXProject "WidgetFramework" */;
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+			hasScannedForEncodings = 1;
+			mainGroup = 0867D691FE84028FC02AAC07 /* gTestExample */;
+			productRefGroup = 034768DDFF38A45A11DB9C8B /* Products */;
+			projectDirPath = "";
+			projectRoot = "";
+			targets = (
+				8D07F2BC0486CC7A007CD1D0 /* WidgetFramework */,
+				3B07BDE90E3F3F9E00647869 /* WidgetFrameworkTest */,
+				4024D162113D7D2400C7059E /* Test */,
+				4024D1E9113D83FF00C7059E /* TestAndBuild */,
+			);
+		};
+/* End PBXProject section */
+
+/* Begin PBXResourcesBuildPhase section */
+		8D07F2BF0486CC7A007CD1D0 /* Resources */ = {
+			isa = PBXResourcesBuildPhase;
+			buildActionMask = 2147483647;
+			files = (
+			);
+			runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
+		};
+/* End PBXResourcesBuildPhase section */
+
+/* Begin PBXRezBuildPhase section */
+		8D07F2C50486CC7A007CD1D0 /* Rez */ = {
+			isa = PBXRezBuildPhase;
+			buildActionMask = 2147483647;
+			files = (
+			);
+			runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
+		};
+/* End PBXRezBuildPhase section */
+
+/* Begin PBXShellScriptBuildPhase section */
+		4024D161113D7D2400C7059E /* ShellScript */ = {
+			isa = PBXShellScriptBuildPhase;
+			buildActionMask = 2147483647;
+			files = (
+			);
+			inputPaths = (
+			);
+			outputPaths = (
+			);
+			runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
+			shellPath = /bin/sh;
+			shellScript = "/bin/bash $SRCROOT/runtests.sh $BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR/WidgetFrameworkTest\n";
+		};
+/* End PBXShellScriptBuildPhase section */
+
+/* Begin PBXSourcesBuildPhase section */
+		3B07BDE70E3F3F9E00647869 /* Sources */ = {
+			isa = PBXSourcesBuildPhase;
+			buildActionMask = 2147483647;
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+				3B7EB1280E5AEE4600C7F239 /* widget_test.cc in Sources */,
+			);
+			runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
+		};
+		8D07F2C10486CC7A007CD1D0 /* Sources */ = {
+			isa = PBXSourcesBuildPhase;
+			buildActionMask = 2147483647;
+			files = (
+				3B7EB1250E5AEE3500C7F239 /* widget.cc in Sources */,
+			);
+			runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
+		};
+/* End PBXSourcesBuildPhase section */
+
+/* Begin PBXTargetDependency section */
+		3B07BDF10E3F3FAE00647869 /* PBXTargetDependency */ = {
+			isa = PBXTargetDependency;
+			target = 8D07F2BC0486CC7A007CD1D0 /* WidgetFramework */;
+			targetProxy = 3B07BDF00E3F3FAE00647869 /* PBXContainerItemProxy */;
+		};
+		4024D166113D7D3100C7059E /* PBXTargetDependency */ = {
+			isa = PBXTargetDependency;
+			target = 3B07BDE90E3F3F9E00647869 /* WidgetFrameworkTest */;
+			targetProxy = 4024D165113D7D3100C7059E /* PBXContainerItemProxy */;
+		};
+		4024D1ED113D840900C7059E /* PBXTargetDependency */ = {
+			isa = PBXTargetDependency;
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+		};
+		4024D1EF113D840D00C7059E /* PBXTargetDependency */ = {
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+			target = 4024D162113D7D2400C7059E /* Test */;
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+		};
+/* End PBXTargetDependency section */
+
+/* Begin XCBuildConfiguration section */
+		3B07BDEC0E3F3F9F00647869 /* Debug */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				PRODUCT_NAME = WidgetFrameworkTest;
+			};
+			name = Debug;
+		};
+		3B07BDED0E3F3F9F00647869 /* Release */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				PRODUCT_NAME = WidgetFrameworkTest;
+			};
+			name = Release;
+		};
+		4024D163113D7D2400C7059E /* Debug */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				PRODUCT_NAME = TestAndBuild;
+			};
+			name = Debug;
+		};
+		4024D164113D7D2400C7059E /* Release */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				PRODUCT_NAME = TestAndBuild;
+			};
+			name = Release;
+		};
+		4024D1EA113D83FF00C7059E /* Debug */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				PRODUCT_NAME = TestAndBuild;
+			};
+			name = Debug;
+		};
+		4024D1EB113D83FF00C7059E /* Release */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				PRODUCT_NAME = TestAndBuild;
+			};
+			name = Release;
+		};
+		4FADC24308B4156D00ABE55E /* Debug */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				DYLIB_COMPATIBILITY_VERSION = 1;
+				DYLIB_CURRENT_VERSION = 1;
+				FRAMEWORK_VERSION = A;
+				INFOPLIST_FILE = Info.plist;
+				INSTALL_PATH = "@loader_path/../Frameworks";
+				PRODUCT_NAME = Widget;
+			};
+			name = Debug;
+		};
+		4FADC24408B4156D00ABE55E /* Release */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				DYLIB_COMPATIBILITY_VERSION = 1;
+				DYLIB_CURRENT_VERSION = 1;
+				FRAMEWORK_VERSION = A;
+				INFOPLIST_FILE = Info.plist;
+				INSTALL_PATH = "@loader_path/../Frameworks";
+				PRODUCT_NAME = Widget;
+			};
+			name = Release;
+		};
+		4FADC24708B4156D00ABE55E /* Debug */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				GCC_VERSION = 4.0;
+				SDKROOT = /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk;
+			};
+			name = Debug;
+		};
+		4FADC24808B4156D00ABE55E /* Release */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				GCC_VERSION = 4.0;
+				SDKROOT = /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk;
+			};
+			name = Release;
+		};
+/* End XCBuildConfiguration section */
+
+/* Begin XCConfigurationList section */
+		3B07BDF40E3F3FB600647869 /* Build configuration list for PBXNativeTarget "WidgetFrameworkTest" */ = {
+			isa = XCConfigurationList;
+			buildConfigurations = (
+				3B07BDEC0E3F3F9F00647869 /* Debug */,
+				3B07BDED0E3F3F9F00647869 /* Release */,
+			);
+			defaultConfigurationIsVisible = 0;
+			defaultConfigurationName = Release;
+		};
+		4024D169113D7D4600C7059E /* Build configuration list for PBXAggregateTarget "Test" */ = {
+			isa = XCConfigurationList;
+			buildConfigurations = (
+				4024D163113D7D2400C7059E /* Debug */,
+				4024D164113D7D2400C7059E /* Release */,
+			);
+			defaultConfigurationIsVisible = 0;
+			defaultConfigurationName = Release;
+		};
+		4024D1F0113D842B00C7059E /* Build configuration list for PBXAggregateTarget "TestAndBuild" */ = {
+			isa = XCConfigurationList;
+			buildConfigurations = (
+				4024D1EA113D83FF00C7059E /* Debug */,
+				4024D1EB113D83FF00C7059E /* Release */,
+			);
+			defaultConfigurationIsVisible = 0;
+			defaultConfigurationName = Release;
+		};
+		4FADC24208B4156D00ABE55E /* Build configuration list for PBXNativeTarget "WidgetFramework" */ = {
+			isa = XCConfigurationList;
+			buildConfigurations = (
+				4FADC24308B4156D00ABE55E /* Debug */,
+				4FADC24408B4156D00ABE55E /* Release */,
+			);
+			defaultConfigurationIsVisible = 0;
+			defaultConfigurationName = Release;
+		};
+		4FADC24608B4156D00ABE55E /* Build configuration list for PBXProject "WidgetFramework" */ = {
+			isa = XCConfigurationList;
+			buildConfigurations = (
+				4FADC24708B4156D00ABE55E /* Debug */,
+				4FADC24808B4156D00ABE55E /* Release */,
+			);
+			defaultConfigurationIsVisible = 0;
+			defaultConfigurationName = Release;
+		};
+/* End XCConfigurationList section */
+	};
+	rootObject = 0867D690FE84028FC02AAC07 /* Project object */;
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/runtests.sh b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/runtests.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4a0d413e52df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/runtests.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+# Executes the samples and tests for the Google Test Framework.
+
+# Help the dynamic linker find the path to the libraries.
+export DYLD_FRAMEWORK_PATH=$BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR
+export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR
+
+# Create some executables.
+test_executables=$@
+
+# Now execute each one in turn keeping track of how many succeeded and failed.
+succeeded=0
+failed=0
+failed_list=()
+for test in ${test_executables[*]}; do
+  "$test"
+  result=$?
+  if [ $result -eq 0 ]; then
+    succeeded=$(( $succeeded + 1 ))
+  else
+    failed=$(( failed + 1 ))
+    failed_list="$failed_list $test"
+  fi
+done
+
+# Report the successes and failures to the console.
+echo "Tests complete with $succeeded successes and $failed failures."
+if [ $failed -ne 0 ]; then
+  echo "The following tests failed:"
+  echo $failed_list
+fi
+exit $failed
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/widget.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/widget.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bfc4e7fcfd0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/widget.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: preston.a.jackson@gmail.com (Preston Jackson)
+//
+// Google Test - FrameworkSample
+// widget.cc
+//
+
+// Widget is a very simple class used for demonstrating the use of gtest
+
+#include "widget.h"
+
+Widget::Widget(int number, const std::string& name)
+    : number_(number),
+      name_(name) {}
+
+Widget::~Widget() {}
+
+float Widget::GetFloatValue() const {
+  return number_;
+}
+
+int Widget::GetIntValue() const {
+  return static_cast<int>(number_);
+}
+
+std::string Widget::GetStringValue() const {
+  return name_;
+}
+
+void Widget::GetCharPtrValue(char* buffer, size_t max_size) const {
+  // Copy the char* representation of name_ into buffer, up to max_size.
+  strncpy(buffer, name_.c_str(), max_size-1);
+  buffer[max_size-1] = '\0';
+  return;
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/widget.h b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/widget.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0c55cdc8cf08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/widget.h
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: preston.a.jackson@gmail.com (Preston Jackson)
+//
+// Google Test - FrameworkSample
+// widget.h
+//
+
+// Widget is a very simple class used for demonstrating the use of gtest. It
+// simply stores two values a string and an integer, which are returned via
+// public accessors in multiple forms.
+
+#import <string>
+
+class Widget {
+ public:
+  Widget(int number, const std::string& name);
+  ~Widget();
+
+  // Public accessors to number data
+  float GetFloatValue() const;
+  int GetIntValue() const;
+
+  // Public accessors to the string data
+  std::string GetStringValue() const;
+  void GetCharPtrValue(char* buffer, size_t max_size) const;
+
+ private:
+  // Data members
+  float number_;
+  std::string name_;
+};
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/widget_test.cc b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/widget_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..872599421851
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/widget_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: preston.a.jackson@gmail.com (Preston Jackson)
+//
+// Google Test - FrameworkSample
+// widget_test.cc
+//
+
+// This is a simple test file for the Widget class in the Widget.framework
+
+#include <string>
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#include <Widget/widget.h>
+
+// This test verifies that the constructor sets the internal state of the
+// Widget class correctly.
+TEST(WidgetInitializerTest, TestConstructor) {
+  Widget widget(1.0f, "name");
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(1.0f, widget.GetFloatValue());
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("name"), widget.GetStringValue());
+}
+
+// This test verifies the conversion of the float and string values to int and
+// char*, respectively.
+TEST(WidgetInitializerTest, TestConversion) {
+  Widget widget(1.0f, "name");
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, widget.GetIntValue());
+
+  size_t max_size = 128;
+  char buffer[max_size];
+  widget.GetCharPtrValue(buffer, max_size);
+  EXPECT_STREQ("name", buffer);
+}
+
+// Use the Google Test main that is linked into the framework. It does something
+// like this:
+// int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+//   testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+//   return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+// }
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Scripts/runtests.sh b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Scripts/runtests.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3fc229f1d4ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Scripts/runtests.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+# Executes the samples and tests for the Google Test Framework.
+
+# Help the dynamic linker find the path to the libraries.
+export DYLD_FRAMEWORK_PATH=$BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR
+export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR
+
+# Create some executables.
+test_executables=("$BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR/gtest_unittest-framework"
+                  "$BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR/gtest_unittest"
+                  "$BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR/sample1_unittest-framework"
+                  "$BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR/sample1_unittest-static")
+
+# Now execute each one in turn keeping track of how many succeeded and failed. 
+succeeded=0
+failed=0
+failed_list=()
+for test in ${test_executables[*]}; do
+  "$test"
+  result=$?
+  if [ $result -eq 0 ]; then
+    succeeded=$(( $succeeded + 1 ))
+  else
+    failed=$(( failed + 1 ))
+    failed_list="$failed_list $test"
+  fi
+done
+
+# Report the successes and failures to the console.
+echo "Tests complete with $succeeded successes and $failed failures."
+if [ $failed -ne 0 ]; then
+  echo "The following tests failed:"
+  echo $failed_list
+fi
+exit $failed
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Scripts/versiongenerate.py b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Scripts/versiongenerate.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..81de8c96ac5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/Scripts/versiongenerate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""A script to prepare version informtion for use the gtest Info.plist file.
+
+  This script extracts the version information from the configure.ac file and
+  uses it to generate a header file containing the same information. The
+  #defines in this header file will be included in during the generation of
+  the Info.plist of the framework, giving the correct value to the version
+  shown in the Finder.
+
+  This script makes the following assumptions (these are faults of the script,
+  not problems with the Autoconf):
+    1. The AC_INIT macro will be contained within the first 1024 characters
+       of configure.ac
+    2. The version string will be 3 integers separated by periods and will be
+       surrounded by squre brackets, "[" and "]" (e.g. [1.0.1]). The first
+       segment represents the major version, the second represents the minor
+       version and the third represents the fix version.
+    3. No ")" character exists between the opening "(" and closing ")" of
+       AC_INIT, including in comments and character strings.
+"""
+
+import sys
+import re
+
+# Read the command line argument (the output directory for Version.h)
+if (len(sys.argv) < 3):
+  print "Usage: versiongenerate.py input_dir output_dir"
+  sys.exit(1)
+else:
+  input_dir = sys.argv[1]
+  output_dir = sys.argv[2]
+
+# Read the first 1024 characters of the configure.ac file
+config_file = open("%s/configure.ac" % input_dir, 'r')
+buffer_size = 1024
+opening_string = config_file.read(buffer_size)
+config_file.close()
+
+# Extract the version string from the AC_INIT macro
+#   The following init_expression means:
+#     Extract three integers separated by periods and surrounded by squre
+#     brackets(e.g. "[1.0.1]") between "AC_INIT(" and ")". Do not be greedy
+#     (*? is the non-greedy flag) since that would pull in everything between
+#     the first "(" and the last ")" in the file.
+version_expression = re.compile(r"AC_INIT\(.*?\[(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)\].*?\)",
+                                re.DOTALL)
+version_values = version_expression.search(opening_string)
+major_version = version_values.group(1)
+minor_version = version_values.group(2)
+fix_version = version_values.group(3)
+
+# Write the version information to a header file to be included in the
+# Info.plist file.
+file_data = """//
+// DO NOT MODIFY THIS FILE (but you can delete it)
+//
+// This file is autogenerated by the versiongenerate.py script. This script
+// is executed in a "Run Script" build phase when creating gtest.framework. This
+// header file is not used during compilation of C-source. Rather, it simply
+// defines some version strings for substitution in the Info.plist. Because of
+// this, we are not not restricted to C-syntax nor are we using include guards.
+//
+
+#define GTEST_VERSIONINFO_SHORT %s.%s
+#define GTEST_VERSIONINFO_LONG %s.%s.%s
+
+""" % (major_version, minor_version, major_version, minor_version, fix_version)
+version_file = open("%s/Version.h" % output_dir, 'w')
+version_file.write(file_data)
+version_file.close()
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/gtest.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/gtest.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..aefaa88b05aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/gtest-1.8.0/xcode/gtest.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
@@ -0,0 +1,1135 @@
+// !$*UTF8*$!
+{
+	archiveVersion = 1;
+	classes = {
+	};
+	objectVersion = 46;
+	objects = {
+
+/* Begin PBXAggregateTarget section */
+		3B238F5F0E828B5400846E11 /* Check */ = {
+			isa = PBXAggregateTarget;
+			buildConfigurationList = 3B238FA30E828BB600846E11 /* Build configuration list for PBXAggregateTarget "Check" */;
+			buildPhases = (
+				3B238F5E0E828B5400846E11 /* ShellScript */,
+			);
+			dependencies = (
+				40899F9D0FFA740F000B29AE /* PBXTargetDependency */,
+				40C849F7101A43440083642A /* PBXTargetDependency */,
+				4089A0980FFAD34A000B29AE /* PBXTargetDependency */,
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+			);
+			name = Check;
+			productName = Check;
+		};
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+			buildConfigurationList = 40C44AE40E379905008FCC51 /* Build configuration list for PBXAggregateTarget "Version Info" */;
+			buildPhases = (
+				40C44ADB0E3798F4008FCC51 /* Generate Version.h */,
+			);
+			comments = "The generation of Version.h must be performed in its own target. Since the Info.plist is preprocessed before any of the other build phases in gtest, the Version.h file would not be ready if included as a build phase of that target.";
+			dependencies = (
+			);
+			name = "Version Info";
+			productName = Version.h;
+		};
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diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/Build/VS/packages.config b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/Build/VS/packages.config
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dd2f50310f75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/Build/VS/packages.config
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<packages>
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+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v120.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v120.winphone.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v120.winphonesl.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
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+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
+</packages>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/Build/VS/signalrclient-e2e-tests.vcxproj b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/Build/VS/signalrclient-e2e-tests.vcxproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..45386c7e009a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/Build/VS/signalrclient-e2e-tests.vcxproj
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
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+    <ProjectGuid>{6006C96A-29F0-4B18-8DDD-764DC3419E2F}</ProjectGuid>
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+  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup>
+    <ClCompile>
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+  </ImportGroup>
+  <Target Name="EnsureNuGetPackageBuildImports" BeforeTargets="PrepareForBuild">
+    <PropertyGroup>
+      <ErrorText>This project references NuGet package(s) that are missing on this computer. Enable NuGet Package Restore to download them.  For more information, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=322105. The missing file is {0}.</ErrorText>
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+    <Error Condition="!Exists('$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets'))" />
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+    <Error Condition="!Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winphonesl.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winphonesl.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winphonesl.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winphonesl.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets'))" />
+    <Error Condition="!Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winxp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winxp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winxp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winxp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets'))" />
+    <Error Condition="!Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets'))" />
+    <Error Condition="!Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets'))" />
+  </Target>
+  <Target Name="AfterBuild">
+    <Exec Command="copy /y &quot;$(SolutionDir)bin\Desktop\$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\dll\$(SignalrClientTargetName).dll&quot; &quot;$(SolutionDir)bin\Desktop\$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(SignalrClientTargetName).dll&quot;" />
+  </Target>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/Build/VS/signalrclient-e2e-tests.vcxproj.filters b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/Build/VS/signalrclient-e2e-tests.vcxproj.filters
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..80f167f1002a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/Build/VS/signalrclient-e2e-tests.vcxproj.filters
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Filter Include="Source Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>cpp;c;cc;cxx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="Header Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{93995380-89BD-4b04-88EB-625FBE52EBFB}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>h;hh;hpp;hxx;hm;inl;inc;xsd</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="Resource Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{67DA6AB6-F800-4c08-8B7A-83BB121AAD01}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>rc;ico;cur;bmp;dlg;rc2;rct;bin;rgs;gif;jpg;jpeg;jpe;resx;tiff;tif;png;wav;mfcribbon-ms</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\stdafx.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\test_utils.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\stdafx.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\signalrclient-e2e-tests.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\connection_tests.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\hub_connection_tests.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\test_utils.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="packages.config" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/connection_tests.cpp b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/connection_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..144b983e706d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/connection_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include <string>
+#include "cpprest/details/basic_types.h"
+#include "cpprest/json.h"
+#include "connection.h"
+#include "hub_connection.h"
+
+extern utility::string_t url;
+
+TEST(connection_tests, connection_status_start_stop)
+{
+    auto conn = std::make_shared<signalr::connection>(url + U("raw-connection"));
+
+    conn->start().get();
+    ASSERT_EQ(conn->get_connection_state(), signalr::connection_state::connected);
+
+    conn->stop().get();
+    ASSERT_EQ(conn->get_connection_state(), signalr::connection_state::disconnected);
+
+    conn->start().get();
+    ASSERT_EQ(conn->get_connection_state(), signalr::connection_state::connected);
+}
+
+TEST(connection_tests, send_message)
+{
+    auto conn = std::make_shared<signalr::connection>(url + U("raw-connection"));
+    auto message = std::make_shared<utility::string_t>();
+    auto received_event = std::make_shared<signalr::event>();
+
+    conn->set_message_received([message, received_event](const utility::string_t& payload)
+    {
+        *message = payload;
+        received_event->set();
+    });
+
+    conn->start().then([conn]()
+    {
+        web::json::value obj;
+        obj[U("type")] = web::json::value::number(0);
+        obj[U("value")] = web::json::value::string(U("test"));
+        return conn->send(obj.serialize());
+
+    }).get();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(received_event->wait(2000));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(*message, U("{\"data\":\"test\",\"type\":0}"));
+}
+
+TEST(connection_tests, send_message_after_connection_restart)
+{
+    auto conn = std::make_shared<signalr::connection>(url + U("raw-connection"));
+    auto message = std::make_shared<utility::string_t>();
+    auto received_event = std::make_shared<signalr::event>();
+
+    conn->set_message_received([message, received_event](const utility::string_t& payload)
+    {
+        *message = payload;
+        received_event->set();
+    });
+
+    conn->start().get();
+
+    conn->stop().get();
+
+    conn->start().then([conn]()
+    {
+        web::json::value obj;
+        obj[U("type")] = web::json::value::number(0);
+        obj[U("value")] = web::json::value::string(U("test"));
+        return conn->send(obj.serialize());
+
+    }).get();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(received_event->wait(2000));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(*message, U("{\"data\":\"test\",\"type\":0}"));
+}
+
+TEST(connection_tests, connection_id_start_stop)
+{
+    auto conn = std::make_shared<signalr::connection>(url + U("raw-connection"));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(U(""), conn->get_connection_id());
+
+    conn->start().get();
+    auto connection_id = conn->get_connection_id();
+    ASSERT_NE(connection_id, U(""));
+
+    conn->stop().get();
+    ASSERT_EQ(conn->get_connection_id(), connection_id);
+
+    conn->start().get();
+    ASSERT_NE(conn->get_connection_id(), U(""));
+    ASSERT_NE(conn->get_connection_id(), connection_id);
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/hub_connection_tests.cpp b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/hub_connection_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..79b0420f26cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/hub_connection_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include <string>
+#include "cpprest/details/basic_types.h"
+#include "cpprest/json.h"
+#include "connection.h"
+#include "hub_connection.h"
+#include "signalr_exception.h"
+
+extern utility::string_t url;
+
+TEST(hub_connection_tests, connection_status_start_stop_start_reconnect)
+{
+    auto hub_conn = std::make_shared<signalr::hub_connection>(url);
+    auto weak_hub_conn = std::weak_ptr<signalr::hub_connection>(hub_conn);
+    auto reconnecting_event = std::make_shared<signalr::event>();
+    auto reconnected_event = std::make_shared<signalr::event>();
+
+    hub_conn->set_reconnecting([weak_hub_conn, reconnecting_event]()
+    {
+        auto conn = weak_hub_conn.lock();
+        if (conn)
+        {
+            ASSERT_EQ(conn->get_connection_state(), signalr::connection_state::reconnecting);
+        }
+        reconnecting_event->set();
+    });
+
+    hub_conn->set_reconnected([weak_hub_conn, reconnected_event]()
+    {
+        auto conn = weak_hub_conn.lock();
+        if (conn)
+        {
+            ASSERT_EQ(conn->get_connection_state(), signalr::connection_state::connected);
+        }
+        reconnected_event->set();
+    });
+
+    hub_conn->start().get();
+    ASSERT_EQ(hub_conn->get_connection_state(), signalr::connection_state::connected);
+
+    hub_conn->stop().get();
+    ASSERT_EQ(hub_conn->get_connection_state(), signalr::connection_state::disconnected);
+
+    hub_conn->start().get();
+    ASSERT_EQ(hub_conn->get_connection_state(), signalr::connection_state::connected);
+
+    try
+    {
+        hub_conn->send(U("forceReconnect")).get();
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(reconnecting_event->wait(2000));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(reconnected_event->wait(2000));
+}
+
+TEST(hub_connection_tests, send_message)
+{
+    auto hub_conn = std::make_shared<signalr::hub_connection>(url + U("custom"), U(""), signalr::trace_level::all, nullptr, false);
+    auto message = std::make_shared<utility::string_t>();
+    auto received_event = std::make_shared<signalr::event>();
+
+    hub_conn->on(U("sendString"), [message, received_event](const web::json::value& arguments)
+    {
+        *message = arguments.serialize();
+        received_event->set();
+    });
+
+    hub_conn->start().then([&hub_conn]()
+    {
+        web::json::value obj{};
+        obj[0] = web::json::value(U("test"));
+
+        return hub_conn->send(U("invokeWithString"), obj);
+
+    }).get();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(received_event->wait(2000));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(*message, U("[\"Send: test\"]"));
+}
+
+TEST(hub_connection_tests, send_message_return)
+{
+    auto hub_conn = std::make_shared<signalr::hub_connection>(url);
+
+    auto test = hub_conn->start().then([&hub_conn]()
+    {
+        web::json::value obj{};
+        obj[0] = web::json::value(U("test"));
+
+        return hub_conn->invoke(U("returnString"), obj);
+
+    }).get();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(test.serialize(), U("\"test\""));
+}
+
+TEST(hub_connection_tests, send_message_after_connection_restart)
+{
+    auto hub_conn = std::make_shared<signalr::hub_connection>(url);
+    auto message = std::make_shared<utility::string_t>();
+    auto received_event = std::make_shared<signalr::event>();
+
+    hub_conn->on(U("sendString"), [message, received_event](const web::json::value& arguments)
+    {
+        *message = arguments.serialize();
+        received_event->set();
+    });
+
+    hub_conn->start().get();
+
+    hub_conn->stop().get();
+
+    hub_conn->start().then([&hub_conn]()
+    {
+        web::json::value obj{};
+        obj[0] = web::json::value(U("test"));
+
+        return hub_conn->send(U("invokeWithString"), obj);
+
+    }).get();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(received_event->wait(2000));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(*message, U("[\"Send: test\"]"));
+}
+
+TEST(hub_connection_tests, send_message_after_reconnect)
+{
+    auto hub_conn = std::make_shared<signalr::hub_connection>(url);
+    auto message = std::make_shared<utility::string_t>();
+    auto reconnected_event = std::make_shared<signalr::event>();
+    auto received_event = std::make_shared<signalr::event>();
+
+    hub_conn->set_reconnected([reconnected_event]()
+    {
+        reconnected_event->set();
+    });
+
+    hub_conn->on(U("sendString"), [message, received_event](const web::json::value& arguments)
+    {
+        *message = arguments.serialize();
+        received_event->set();
+    });
+
+    hub_conn->start().get();
+
+    try
+    {
+        hub_conn->send(U("forceReconnect")).get();
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(reconnected_event->wait(2000));
+
+    web::json::value obj{};
+    obj[0] = web::json::value(U("test"));
+
+    hub_conn->invoke(U("invokeWithString"), obj).get();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(received_event->wait(2000));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(*message, U("[\"Send: test\"]"));
+}
+
+TEST(hub_connection_tests, send_message_empty_param)
+{
+    auto hub_conn = std::make_shared<signalr::hub_connection>(url);
+    auto message = std::make_shared<utility::string_t>();
+    auto received_event = std::make_shared<signalr::event>();
+
+    hub_conn->on(U("sendString"), [message, received_event](const web::json::value& arguments)
+    {
+        *message = arguments.serialize();
+        received_event->set();
+    });
+
+    hub_conn->start().then([&hub_conn]()
+    {
+        return hub_conn->invoke(U("invokeWithEmptyParam"));
+
+    }).get();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(received_event->wait(2000));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(*message, U("[\"Send\"]"));
+}
+
+TEST(hub_connection_tests, send_message_primitive_params)
+{
+    auto hub_conn = std::make_shared<signalr::hub_connection>(url);
+    auto message = std::make_shared<utility::string_t>();
+    auto received_event = std::make_shared<signalr::event>();
+
+    hub_conn->on(U("sendPrimitiveParams"), [message, received_event](const web::json::value& arguments)
+    {
+        *message = arguments.serialize();
+        received_event->set();
+    });
+
+    hub_conn->start().then([&hub_conn]()
+    {
+        web::json::value obj{};
+        obj[0] = web::json::value(5);
+        obj[1] = web::json::value(21.05);
+        obj[2] = web::json::value(8.999999999);
+        obj[3] = web::json::value(true);
+        obj[4] = web::json::value('a');
+        return hub_conn->send(U("invokeWithPrimitiveParams"), obj);
+
+    }).get();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(received_event->wait(2000));
+
+    web::json::value obj{};
+    obj[0] = web::json::value(6);
+    obj[1] = web::json::value(22.05);
+    obj[2] = web::json::value(9.999999999);
+    obj[3] = web::json::value(true);
+    obj[4] = web::json::value::string(U("a"));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(*message, obj.serialize());
+}
+
+TEST(hub_connection_tests, send_message_complex_type)
+{
+    auto hub_conn = std::make_shared<signalr::hub_connection>(url);
+    auto message = std::make_shared<utility::string_t>();
+    auto received_event = std::make_shared<signalr::event>();
+
+    hub_conn->on(U("sendComplexType"), [message, received_event](const web::json::value& arguments)
+    {
+        *message = arguments.serialize();
+        received_event->set();
+    });
+
+    hub_conn->start().then([&hub_conn]()
+    {
+        web::json::value obj{};
+        web::json::value person;
+        web::json::value address;
+        address[U("street")] = web::json::value::string(U("main st"));
+        address[U("zip")] = web::json::value::string(U("98052"));
+        person[U("address")] = address;
+        person[U("name")] = web::json::value::string(U("test"));
+        person[U("age")] = web::json::value::number(15);
+        obj[0] = person;
+
+        return hub_conn->send(U("invokeWithComplexType"), obj);
+
+    }).get();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(received_event->wait(2000));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(*message, U("[{\"Address\":{\"Street\":\"main st\",\"Zip\":\"98052\"},\"Age\":15,\"Name\":\"test\"}]"));
+}
+
+TEST(hub_connection_tests, send_message_complex_type_return)
+{
+    auto hub_conn = std::make_shared<signalr::hub_connection>(url);
+
+    auto test = hub_conn->start().then([&hub_conn]()
+    {
+        web::json::value obj{};
+        web::json::value person;
+        web::json::value address;
+        address[U("street")] = web::json::value::string(U("main st"));
+        address[U("zip")] = web::json::value::string(U("98052"));
+        person[U("address")] = address;
+        person[U("name")] = web::json::value::string(U("test"));
+        person[U("age")] = web::json::value::number(15);
+        obj[0] = person;
+
+        return hub_conn->invoke(U("returnComplexType"), obj);
+
+    }).get();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(test.serialize(), U("{\"Address\":{\"Street\":\"main st\",\"Zip\":\"98052\"},\"Age\":15,\"Name\":\"test\"}"));
+}
+
+TEST(hub_connection_tests, connection_id_start_stop_start_reconnect)
+{
+    auto hub_conn = std::make_shared<signalr::hub_connection>(url);
+    auto weak_hub_conn = std::weak_ptr<signalr::hub_connection>(hub_conn);
+    auto reconnecting_event = std::make_shared<signalr::event>();
+    auto reconnected_event = std::make_shared<signalr::event>();
+
+    utility::string_t connection_id;
+
+    hub_conn->set_reconnecting([weak_hub_conn, reconnecting_event, &connection_id]()
+    {
+        auto conn = weak_hub_conn.lock();
+        if (conn)
+        {
+            ASSERT_EQ(conn->get_connection_id(), connection_id);
+        }
+        reconnecting_event->set();
+    });
+
+    hub_conn->set_reconnected([weak_hub_conn, reconnected_event, &connection_id]()
+    {
+        auto conn = weak_hub_conn.lock();
+        if (conn)
+        {
+            ASSERT_EQ(conn->get_connection_id(), connection_id);
+        }
+        reconnected_event->set();
+    });
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(U(""), hub_conn->get_connection_id());
+
+    hub_conn->start().get();
+    connection_id = hub_conn->get_connection_id();
+    ASSERT_NE(connection_id, U(""));
+
+    hub_conn->stop().get();
+    ASSERT_EQ(hub_conn->get_connection_id(), connection_id);
+
+    hub_conn->start().get();
+    ASSERT_NE(hub_conn->get_connection_id(), U(""));
+    ASSERT_NE(hub_conn->get_connection_id(), connection_id);
+
+    connection_id = hub_conn->get_connection_id();
+
+    try
+    {
+        hub_conn->send(U("forceReconnect")).get();
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(reconnecting_event->wait(2000));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(reconnected_event->wait(2000));
+}
+
+//TEST(hub_connection_tests, mirror_header)
+//{
+//    auto hub_conn = std::make_shared<signalr::hub_connection>(url);
+//
+//    signalr::signalr_client_config signalr_client_config{};
+//    auto headers = signalr_client_config.get_http_headers();
+//    headers[U("x-mirror")] = U("MirrorThis");
+//    signalr_client_config.set_http_headers(headers);
+//    hub_conn->set_client_config(signalr_client_config);
+//
+//    {
+//        auto mirrored_header_value = hub_conn->start().then([&hub_conn]()
+//        {
+//            return hub_conn->invoke(U("mirrorHeader"));
+//        }).get();
+//        ASSERT_EQ(U("MirrorThis"), mirrored_header_value.as_string());
+//    }
+//
+//    hub_conn->stop().wait();
+//
+//    headers[U("x-mirror")] = U("MirrorThat");
+//    signalr_client_config.set_http_headers(headers);
+//    hub_conn->set_client_config(signalr_client_config);
+//
+//    {
+//        auto mirrored_header_value = hub_conn->start().then([&hub_conn]()
+//        {
+//            return hub_conn->invoke(U("mirrorHeader"));
+//        }).get();
+//        ASSERT_EQ(U("MirrorThat"), mirrored_header_value.as_string());
+//    }
+//}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/signalrclient-e2e-tests.cpp b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/signalrclient-e2e-tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1872795984cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/signalrclient-e2e-tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include <vector>
+#include "test_utils.h"
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+int wmain(int argc, wchar_t* argv[])
+#else
+int main(int argc, char* argv[])
+#endif
+{
+    get_url(argc, argv);
+
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+    return 0;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/stdafx.cpp b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/stdafx.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bd7a85614cfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/stdafx.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/stdafx.h b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/stdafx.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..30064654d8cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/stdafx.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+// prevents from defining min/max macros that conflict with std::min()/std::max() functions
+#define NOMINMAX
+#endif
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "../../src/signalrclient/event.h"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/test_utils.cpp b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/test_utils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..91ff846e6f05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/test_utils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include <string>
+#include "cpprest/details/basic_types.h"
+#include "cpprest/asyncrt_utils.h"
+#include <chrono>
+
+utility::string_t url;
+
+void get_url(int argc, utility::char_t* argv[])
+{
+    url = U("http://localhost:42524/");
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i)
+    {
+        utility::string_t str = argv[i];
+
+        auto pos = str.find(U("url="));
+        if (pos != std::string::npos)
+        {
+            url = str.substr(pos + 4);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/test_utils.h b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/test_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3bd47159bd3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-e2e-tests/test_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "cpprest/details/basic_types.h"
+
+void get_url(int argc, utility::char_t* argv[]);
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-testhost/App.config b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-testhost/App.config
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b58036efb3b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-testhost/App.config
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<configuration>
+  <startup>
+    <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5" />
+  </startup>
+  <runtime>
+    <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
+      <dependentAssembly>
+        <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Owin" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
+        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.0.1.0" newVersion="3.0.1.0" />
+      </dependentAssembly>
+      <dependentAssembly>
+        <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Owin.Security" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
+        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.0.1.0" newVersion="3.0.1.0" />
+      </dependentAssembly>
+    </assemblyBinding>
+  </runtime>
+</configuration>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-testhost/Connections/HubConnection.cs b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-testhost/Connections/HubConnection.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..347eca7030f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-testhost/Connections/HubConnection.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR;
+
+namespace SelfHost
+{
+    public class HubConnection : Hub
+    {
+        public IEnumerable<int> ForceReconnect()
+        {
+            yield return 1;
+            // throwing here will close the websocket which should trigger reconnect
+            throw new Exception();
+        }
+
+        public void InvokeWithString(string message)
+        {
+            Clients.Caller.sendString("Send: " + message);
+        }
+
+        public string ReturnString(string message)
+        {
+            return message;
+        }
+
+        public void InvokeWithEmptyParam()
+        {
+            Clients.Caller.sendString("Send");
+        }
+
+        public void InvokeWithPrimitiveParams(int myint, float myfloat, double mydouble, bool mybool, char mychar)
+        {
+            Clients.Caller.sendPrimitiveParams(myint + 1, myfloat + 1, mydouble + 1, mybool, mychar);
+        }
+
+        public void InvokeWithComplexType(Person p)
+        {
+            Clients.Caller.sendComplexType(p);
+        }
+
+        public Person ReturnComplexType(Person p)
+        {
+            return p;
+        }
+
+        public class Person
+        {
+            public string Name { get; set; }
+            public int Age { get; set; }
+            public Address Address { get; set; }
+        }
+
+        public class Address
+        {
+            public string Street { get; set; }
+            public string Zip { get; set; }
+        }
+
+        public async Task InvokeWithProgress(IProgress<int> progress)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+            {
+                progress.Report(i);
+                await Task.Delay(10);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public async Task<string> InvokeWithProgress(string jobName, IProgress<int> progress)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+            {
+                progress.Report(i);
+                await Task.Delay(10);
+
+            }
+
+            return string.Format("{0} done!", jobName);
+        }
+
+        public string MirrorHeader()
+        {
+            var mirrorValue = Context.Request.Headers["x-mirror"];
+            return mirrorValue;
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-testhost/Connections/RawConnection.cs b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-testhost/Connections/RawConnection.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cf226279e4b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-testhost/Connections/RawConnection.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using System.Threading;
+using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR;
+using Newtonsoft.Json;
+
+namespace SelfHost
+{
+    public class RawConnection : PersistentConnection
+    {
+        protected override Task OnReceived(IRequest request, string connectionId, string data)
+        {
+            // This is test code, not best practice and does not address input validation or other security concerns.
+            // Applications need to ensure they perform proper data sanitization and best practices when working
+            // with untrusted input.
+            var message = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Message>(data);
+
+            switch (message.Type)
+            {
+                case MessageType.String:
+                    Connection.Send(connectionId, new { type = MessageType.String, data = message.Value });
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            return base.OnReceived(request, connectionId, data);
+        }
+
+        enum MessageType
+        {
+            String
+        }
+
+        class Message
+        {
+            public MessageType Type { get; set; }
+            public string Value { get; set; }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-testhost/Program.cs b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-testhost/Program.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2fe55914b351
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-testhost/Program.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+using Microsoft.Owin.Hosting;
+using System;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace SelfHost
+{
+    public class Program
+    {
+        static void Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            using (WebApp.Start<Startup>("http://localhost:42524"))
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("Server running at http://localhost:42524/");
+                Thread.Sleep(args.Length > 0 ? int.Parse(args[0]) : Timeout.Infinite);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-testhost/Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-testhost/Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5b029b525978
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-testhost/Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+// General Information about an assembly is controlled through the following 
+// set of attributes. Change these attribute values to modify the information
+// associated with an assembly.
+[assembly: AssemblyTitle("signalrclient-testhost")]
+[assembly: AssemblyCompany("Microsoft")]
+[assembly: AssemblyProduct("signalrclient-testhost")]
+[assembly: AssemblyCopyright("Copyright ©  2013")]
+
+// Setting ComVisible to false makes the types in this assembly not visible 
+// to COM components.  If you need to access a type in this assembly from 
+// COM, set the ComVisible attribute to true on that type.
+[assembly: ComVisible(false)]
+
+// The following GUID is for the ID of the typelib if this project is exposed to COM
+[assembly: Guid("6b1e3377-fed7-45e6-a1a8-9787d2f9c8dd")]
+
+// Version information for an assembly consists of the following four values:
+//
+//      Major Version
+//      Minor Version 
+//      Build Number
+//      Revision
+//
+// You can specify all the values or you can default the Build and Revision Numbers 
+// by using the '*' as shown below:
+// [assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.*")]
+[assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.0.0")]
+[assembly: AssemblyFileVersion("1.0.0.0")]
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-testhost/Startup.cs b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-testhost/Startup.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..806a9a4a1f2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-testhost/Startup.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+using Owin;
+
+namespace SelfHost
+{
+    public class Startup
+    {
+        public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
+        {
+            app.Map("/raw-connection", map => map.RunSignalR<RawConnection>());
+
+            app.MapSignalR();
+
+            app.Map("/custom", map => map.RunSignalR());
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-testhost/packages.config b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-testhost/packages.config
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2e2e718a2e9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-testhost/packages.config
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<packages>
+  <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Core" version="2.2.0" targetFramework="net451" />
+  <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.SelfHost" version="2.2.0" targetFramework="net451" />
+  <package id="Microsoft.Owin" version="3.0.1" targetFramework="net451" />
+  <package id="Microsoft.Owin.Diagnostics" version="3.0.1" targetFramework="net451" />
+  <package id="Microsoft.Owin.Host.HttpListener" version="3.0.1" targetFramework="net451" />
+  <package id="Microsoft.Owin.Hosting" version="3.0.1" targetFramework="net451" />
+  <package id="Microsoft.Owin.Security" version="3.0.1" targetFramework="net451" />
+  <package id="Microsoft.Owin.SelfHost" version="3.0.1" targetFramework="net451" />
+  <package id="Newtonsoft.Json" version="6.0.4" targetFramework="net451" />
+  <package id="Owin" version="1.0" targetFramework="net451" />
+</packages>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-testhost/signalrclient-testhost.csproj b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-testhost/signalrclient-testhost.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..132ed6916633
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclient-testhost/signalrclient-testhost.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <Import Project="$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props" Condition="Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props')" />
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <Configuration Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == '' ">Debug</Configuration>
+    <Platform>AnyCPU</Platform>
+    <ProjectGuid>{11848039-1F13-4047-9539-8F9F45930788}</ProjectGuid>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <AppDesignerFolder>Properties</AppDesignerFolder>
+    <RootNamespace>SelfHost</RootNamespace>
+    <AssemblyName>signalrclient-testhost</AssemblyName>
+    <TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.5.1</TargetFrameworkVersion>
+    <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
+    <SccProjectName>SAK</SccProjectName>
+    <SccLocalPath>SAK</SccLocalPath>
+    <SccAuxPath>SAK</SccAuxPath>
+    <SccProvider>SAK</SccProvider>
+    <TargetFrameworkProfile />
+    <SolutionDir Condition="$(SolutionDir) == '' Or $(SolutionDir) == '*Undefined*'">..\..\</SolutionDir>
+    <RestorePackages>true</RestorePackages>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' ">
+    <PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget>
+    <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+    <DebugType>full</DebugType>
+    <Optimize>false</Optimize>
+    <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
+    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+    <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+    <Prefer32Bit>false</Prefer32Bit>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' ">
+    <PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget>
+    <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+    <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+    <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
+    <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+    <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+    <Prefer32Bit>false</Prefer32Bit>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Reference Include="Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Core">
+      <HintPath>..\..\packages\Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Core.2.2.0\lib\net45\Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Core.dll</HintPath>
+    </Reference>
+    <Reference Include="Microsoft.Owin">
+      <HintPath>..\..\packages\Microsoft.Owin.3.0.1\lib\net45\Microsoft.Owin.dll</HintPath>
+    </Reference>
+    <Reference Include="Microsoft.Owin.Diagnostics">
+      <HintPath>..\..\packages\Microsoft.Owin.Diagnostics.3.0.1\lib\net45\Microsoft.Owin.Diagnostics.dll</HintPath>
+    </Reference>
+    <Reference Include="Microsoft.Owin.Host.HttpListener">
+      <HintPath>..\..\packages\Microsoft.Owin.Host.HttpListener.3.0.1\lib\net45\Microsoft.Owin.Host.HttpListener.dll</HintPath>
+    </Reference>
+    <Reference Include="Microsoft.Owin.Hosting">
+      <HintPath>..\..\packages\Microsoft.Owin.Hosting.3.0.1\lib\net45\Microsoft.Owin.Hosting.dll</HintPath>
+    </Reference>
+    <Reference Include="Microsoft.Owin.Security">
+      <HintPath>..\..\packages\Microsoft.Owin.Security.3.0.1\lib\net45\Microsoft.Owin.Security.dll</HintPath>
+    </Reference>
+    <Reference Include="Newtonsoft.Json, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=30ad4fe6b2a6aeed, processorArchitecture=MSIL">
+      <SpecificVersion>False</SpecificVersion>
+      <HintPath>..\..\packages\Newtonsoft.Json.6.0.4\lib\net45\Newtonsoft.Json.dll</HintPath>
+    </Reference>
+    <Reference Include="Owin">
+      <HintPath>..\..\packages\Owin.1.0\lib\net40\Owin.dll</HintPath>
+    </Reference>
+    <Reference Include="System" />
+    <Reference Include="System.Core" />
+    <Reference Include="System.Xml.Linq" />
+    <Reference Include="System.Data.DataSetExtensions" />
+    <Reference Include="Microsoft.CSharp" />
+    <Reference Include="System.Data" />
+    <Reference Include="System.Xml" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Compile Include="Connections\HubConnection.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Connections\RawConnection.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Program.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Properties\AssemblyInfo.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Startup.cs" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="App.config" />
+    <None Include="packages.config" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets" />
+  <Import Project="$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets" Condition="Exists('$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets')" />
+  <Target Name="EnsureNuGetPackageBuildImports" BeforeTargets="PrepareForBuild">
+    <PropertyGroup>
+      <ErrorText>This project references NuGet package(s) that are missing on this computer. Enable NuGet Package Restore to download them.  For more information, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=322105. The missing file is {0}.</ErrorText>
+    </PropertyGroup>
+    <Error Condition="!Exists('$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets'))" />
+  </Target>
+  <!-- To modify your build process, add your task inside one of the targets below and uncomment it. 
+       Other similar extension points exist, see Microsoft.Common.targets.
+  <Target Name="BeforeBuild">
+  </Target>
+  <Target Name="AfterBuild">
+  </Target>
+  -->
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/Build/VS/packages.config b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/Build/VS/packages.config
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6394bb8e22fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/Build/VS/packages.config
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<packages>
+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v120.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v120.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v120.winphone.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v120.winphonesl.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v120.winxp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v140.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
+  <package id="cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn" version="2.9.1" targetFramework="native" />
+</packages>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/Build/VS/signalrclienttests.vcxproj b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/Build/VS/signalrclienttests.vcxproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7dd2557ba747
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/Build/VS/signalrclienttests.vcxproj
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="15.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <Import Project="..\..\..\..\Build\SignalRClient.Build.Settings" />
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
+    <ProjectGuid>{10376148-BCF4-4B55-98A5-3C98C87FD898}</ProjectGuid>
+    <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
+    <RootNamespace>signalrclienttests</RootNamespace>
+    <ProjectName>signalrclienttests</ProjectName>
+    <SolutionDir Condition="$(SolutionDir) == '' Or $(SolutionDir) == '*Undefined*'">..\..\..\..\</SolutionDir>
+    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
+    <WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>10.0.16299.0</WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="..\..\..\..\Build\Config.Definitions.props" />
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Configuration" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <PlatformToolset>v141</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Configuration" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
+    <PlatformToolset>v141</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Configuration" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <PlatformToolset>v141</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Configuration" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
+    <PlatformToolset>v141</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
+  <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>_SILENCE_TR1_NAMESPACE_DEPRECATION_WARNING;_CONSOLE;_LIB;NO_SIGNALRCLIENT_EXPORTS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>..\..\..\gtest-1.8.0\include;..\..\..\..\include;..\..\..\..\src\signalrclient;%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>ProgramDatabase</DebugInformationFormat>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\memory_log_writer.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\stdafx.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\targetver.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\test_transport_factory.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\test_utils.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\test_websocket_client.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\test_web_request_factory.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\web_request_stub.h" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\callback_manager_tests.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\case_insensitive_comparison_utils_tests.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\connection_impl_tests.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\http_sender_tests.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\hub_connection_impl_tests.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\hub_exception_tests.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\internal_hub_proxy_tests.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\logger_tests.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\memory_log_writer.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\request_sender_tests.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\signalrclienttests.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\stdafx.cpp">
+      <PrecompiledHeader>Create</PrecompiledHeader>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\test_transport_factory.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\test_utils.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\test_websocket_client.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\test_web_request_factory.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\url_builder_tests.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\websocket_transport_tests.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\web_request_stub.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\web_request_tests.cpp" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\..\src\SignalRClient\Build\VS\SignalRClient.vcxproj">
+      <Project>{87ed3ad4-d820-48cd-8382-a12564213a12}</Project>
+    </ProjectReference>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\gtest-1.8.0\msvc\gtest.vcxproj">
+      <Project>{2af210a9-5bdc-45e8-95dd-07b5a2616493}</Project>
+    </ProjectReference>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="packages.config" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
+    <Import Project="$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets" Condition="Exists('$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets')" />
+    <Import Project="..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets" Condition="Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" />
+    <Import Project="..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets" Condition="Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" />
+    <Import Project="..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winphone.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winphone.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets" Condition="Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winphone.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winphone.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" />
+    <Import Project="..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winphonesl.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winphonesl.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets" Condition="Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winphonesl.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winphonesl.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" />
+    <Import Project="..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winxp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winxp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets" Condition="Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winxp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winxp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" />
+    <Import Project="..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets" Condition="Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" />
+    <Import Project="..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets" Condition="Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <Target Name="EnsureNuGetPackageBuildImports" BeforeTargets="PrepareForBuild">
+    <PropertyGroup>
+      <ErrorText>This project references NuGet package(s) that are missing on this computer. Enable NuGet Package Restore to download them.  For more information, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=322105. The missing file is {0}.</ErrorText>
+    </PropertyGroup>
+    <Error Condition="!Exists('$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets'))" />
+    <Error Condition="!Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets'))" />
+    <Error Condition="!Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets'))" />
+    <Error Condition="!Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winphone.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winphone.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winphone.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winphone.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets'))" />
+    <Error Condition="!Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winphonesl.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winphonesl.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winphonesl.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winphonesl.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets'))" />
+    <Error Condition="!Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winxp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winxp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v120.winxp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v120.winxp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets'))" />
+    <Error Condition="!Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.winapp.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets'))" />
+    <Error Condition="!Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '..\..\..\..\packages\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.2.9.1\build\native\cpprestsdk.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.dyn.rt-dyn.targets'))" />
+  </Target>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/Build/VS/signalrclienttests.vcxproj.filters b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/Build/VS/signalrclienttests.vcxproj.filters
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ed3d67294639
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/Build/VS/signalrclienttests.vcxproj.filters
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Filter Include="Source Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>cpp;c;cc;cxx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="Header Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{93995380-89BD-4b04-88EB-625FBE52EBFB}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>h;hh;hpp;hxx;hm;inl;inc;xsd</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="Resource Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{67DA6AB6-F800-4c08-8B7A-83BB121AAD01}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>rc;ico;cur;bmp;dlg;rc2;rct;bin;rgs;gif;jpg;jpeg;jpe;resx;tiff;tif;png;wav;mfcribbon-ms</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\stdafx.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\targetver.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\web_request_stub.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\test_web_request_factory.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\test_websocket_client.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\memory_log_writer.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\test_utils.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\test_transport_factory.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\stdafx.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\SignalRClientTests.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\url_builder_tests.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\http_sender_tests.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\request_sender_tests.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\web_request_tests.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\websocket_transport_tests.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\test_web_request_factory.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\web_request_stub.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\test_websocket_client.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\connection_impl_tests.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\logger_tests.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\memory_log_writer.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\test_utils.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\test_transport_factory.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\hub_connection_impl_tests.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\internal_hub_proxy_tests.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\callback_manager_tests.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\hub_exception_tests.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\case_insensitive_comparison_utils_tests.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="packages.config" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/CMakeLists.txt b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bb306152edd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+
+
+set (SOURCES 
+ callback_manager_tests.cpp
+ case_insensitive_comparison_utils_tests.cpp
+ connection_impl_tests.cpp
+ http_sender_tests.cpp
+ hub_connection_impl_tests.cpp
+ hub_exception_tests.cpp
+ internal_hub_proxy_tests.cpp
+ logger_tests.cpp
+ memory_log_writer.cpp
+ request_sender_tests.cpp
+ signalrclienttests.cpp
+ stdafx.cpp
+ test_transport_factory.cpp
+ test_utils.cpp
+ test_web_request_factory.cpp
+ test_websocket_client.cpp
+ url_builder_tests.cpp
+ web_request_stub.cpp
+ web_request_tests.cpp
+ websocket_transport_tests.cpp
+)
+
+include_directories(
+    ../../src/signalrclient)
+
+find_package(Boost COMPONENTS system REQUIRED)
+find_package(OpenSSL REQUIRED)
+ 
+add_executable (signalrclienttests ${SOURCES})
+target_link_libraries(signalrclienttests gtest gtest_main signalrclient ${CPPREST_SO} ${Boost_SYSTEM_LIBRARY} ${OPENSSL_LIBRARIES})
+add_test(signalrclienttests signalrclienttests)
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/callback_manager_tests.cpp b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/callback_manager_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a1e7f4f908de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/callback_manager_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "callback_manager.h"
+
+using namespace signalr;
+using namespace web;
+
+TEST(callback_manager_register_callback, register_returns_unique_callback_ids)
+{
+    callback_manager callback_mgr{ json::value::object() };
+    auto callback_id1 = callback_mgr.register_callback([](const json::value&){});
+    auto callback_id2 = callback_mgr.register_callback([](const web::json::value&){});
+
+    ASSERT_NE(callback_id1, callback_id2);
+}
+
+TEST(callback_manager_invoke_callback, invoke_callback_invokes_and_removes_callback_if_remove_callback_true)
+{
+    callback_manager callback_mgr{ json::value::object() };
+
+    utility::string_t callback_argument{_XPLATSTR("")};
+
+    auto callback_id = callback_mgr.register_callback(
+        [&callback_argument](const json::value& argument)
+        {
+            callback_argument = argument.serialize();
+        });
+
+    auto callback_found = callback_mgr.invoke_callback(callback_id, json::value::number(42), true);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(callback_found);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("42"), callback_argument);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(callback_mgr.remove_callback(callback_id));
+}
+
+TEST(callback_manager_invoke_callback, invoke_callback_invokes_and_does_not_remove_callback_if_remove_callback_false)
+{
+    callback_manager callback_mgr{ json::value::object() };
+
+    utility::string_t callback_argument{ _XPLATSTR("") };
+
+    auto callback_id = callback_mgr.register_callback(
+        [&callback_argument](const json::value& argument)
+    {
+        callback_argument = argument.serialize();
+    });
+
+    auto callback_found = callback_mgr.invoke_callback(callback_id, json::value::number(42), false);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(callback_found);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("42"), callback_argument);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(callback_mgr.remove_callback(callback_id));
+}
+
+TEST(callback_manager_ivoke_callback, invoke_callback_returns_false_for_invalid_callback_id)
+{
+    callback_manager callback_mgr{ json::value::object() };
+    auto callback_found = callback_mgr.invoke_callback(_XPLATSTR("42"), json::value::object(), true);
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(callback_found);
+}
+
+TEST(callback_manager_remove, remove_removes_callback_and_returns_true_for_valid_callback_id)
+{
+    auto callback_called = false;
+
+    {
+        callback_manager callback_mgr{ json::value::object() };
+
+        auto callback_id = callback_mgr.register_callback(
+            [&callback_called](const json::value&)
+        {
+            callback_called = true;
+        });
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(callback_mgr.remove_callback(callback_id));
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(callback_called);
+}
+
+TEST(callback_manager_remove, remove_returns_false_for_invalid_callback_id)
+{
+    callback_manager callback_mgr{ json::value::object() };
+    ASSERT_FALSE(callback_mgr.remove_callback(_XPLATSTR("42")));
+}
+
+TEST(callback_manager_clear, clear_invokes_all_callbacks)
+{
+    callback_manager callback_mgr{ json::value::object() };
+    auto invocation_count = 0;
+
+    for (auto i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+    {
+        callback_mgr.register_callback(
+            [&invocation_count](const json::value& argument)
+        {
+            invocation_count++;
+            ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("42"), argument.serialize());
+        });
+    }
+
+    callback_mgr.clear(json::value::number(42));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(10, invocation_count);
+}
+
+TEST(callback_manager_dtor, clear_invokes_all_callbacks)
+{
+    auto invocation_count = 0;
+    bool parameter_correct = true;
+
+    {
+        callback_manager callback_mgr{ json::value::number(42) };
+        for (auto i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+        {
+            callback_mgr.register_callback(
+                [&invocation_count, &parameter_correct](const json::value& argument)
+            {
+                invocation_count++;
+                parameter_correct &= argument.serialize() == _XPLATSTR("42");
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(10, invocation_count);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(parameter_correct);
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/case_insensitive_comparison_utils_tests.cpp b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/case_insensitive_comparison_utils_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..891efe458626
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/case_insensitive_comparison_utils_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "case_insensitive_comparison_utils.h"
+
+using namespace signalr;
+
+TEST(case_insensitive_equals_functor, basic_comparison_tests)
+{
+    case_insensitive_equals case_insensitive_compare;
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(case_insensitive_compare(_XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR("")));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(case_insensitive_compare(_XPLATSTR("abc"), _XPLATSTR("ABC")));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(case_insensitive_compare(_XPLATSTR("abc123!@"), _XPLATSTR("ABC123!@")));
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(case_insensitive_compare(_XPLATSTR("abc"), _XPLATSTR("ABCD")));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(case_insensitive_compare(_XPLATSTR("abce"), _XPLATSTR("ABCD")));
+}
+
+TEST(case_insensitive_hash_functor, basic_hash_tests)
+{
+    case_insensitive_hash case_insensitive_hasher;
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, case_insensitive_hasher(_XPLATSTR("")));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(case_insensitive_hasher(_XPLATSTR("abc")), case_insensitive_hasher(_XPLATSTR("ABC")));
+    ASSERT_EQ(case_insensitive_hasher(_XPLATSTR("abc123!@")), case_insensitive_hasher(_XPLATSTR("ABC123!@")));
+    ASSERT_NE(case_insensitive_hasher(_XPLATSTR("abcd")), case_insensitive_hasher(_XPLATSTR("ABC")));
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/connection_impl_tests.cpp b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/connection_impl_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fce4916f1f67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/connection_impl_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1957 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "test_utils.h"
+#include "test_web_request_factory.h"
+#include "test_websocket_client.h"
+#include "test_transport_factory.h"
+#include "connection_impl.h"
+#include "signalrclient/trace_level.h"
+#include "trace_log_writer.h"
+#include "memory_log_writer.h"
+#include "cpprest/ws_client.h"
+#include "signalrclient/signalr_exception.h"
+
+using namespace signalr;
+
+static std::shared_ptr<connection_impl> create_connection(std::shared_ptr<websocket_client> websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(),
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> log_writer = std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>(), trace_level trace_level = trace_level::all)
+{
+    return connection_impl::create(create_uri(), _XPLATSTR(""), trace_level, log_writer, create_test_web_request_factory(),
+        std::make_unique<test_transport_factory>(websocket_client));
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_connection_state, initial_connection_state_is_disconnected)
+{
+    auto connection =
+        connection_impl::create(create_uri(), _XPLATSTR(""), trace_level::none, std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>());
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(connection_state::disconnected, connection->get_connection_state());
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_start, cannot_start_non_disconnected_exception)
+{
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{\"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); });
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client);
+
+    connection->start().wait();
+
+    try
+    {
+        connection->start().get();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const signalr_exception& e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_STREQ("cannot start a connection that is not in the disconnected state", e.what());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_start, connection_state_is_connecting_when_connection_is_being_started)
+{
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_exception<std::string>(std::runtime_error("should not be invoked")); },
+        /* send function */ [](const utility::string_t){ return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(std::runtime_error("should not be invoked"));  },
+        /* connect function */[](const web::uri&)
+        {
+            return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(web::websockets::client::websocket_exception(_XPLATSTR("connecting failed")));
+        });
+
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::errors);
+
+    connection->start()
+        // this test is not set up to connect successfully so we have to observe exceptions otherwise
+        // other tests may fail due to an unobserved exception from the outstanding start task
+        .then([](pplx::task<void> start_task)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                start_task.get();
+            }
+            catch (...)
+            { }
+        });
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(connection->get_connection_state(), connection_state::connecting);
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_start, connection_state_is_connected_when_connection_established_succesfully)
+{
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{\"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); });
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client);
+    connection->start().get();
+    ASSERT_EQ(connection->get_connection_state(), connection_state::connected);
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_start, connection_state_is_disconnected_when_connection_cannot_be_established)
+{
+    auto web_request_factory = std::make_unique<test_web_request_factory>([](const web::uri &) -> std::unique_ptr<web_request>
+    {
+        return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(new web_request_stub((unsigned short)404, _XPLATSTR("Bad request"), _XPLATSTR("")));
+    });
+
+    auto connection =
+        connection_impl::create(create_uri(), _XPLATSTR(""), trace_level::none, std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>(),
+        std::move(web_request_factory), std::make_unique<transport_factory>());
+
+    try
+    {
+        connection->start().get();
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    { }
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(connection->get_connection_state(), connection_state::disconnected);
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_start, start_logs_exceptions)
+{
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+
+    auto web_request_factory = std::make_unique<test_web_request_factory>([](const web::uri &) -> std::unique_ptr<web_request>
+    {
+        return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(new web_request_stub((unsigned short)404, _XPLATSTR("Bad request"), _XPLATSTR("")));
+    });
+
+    auto connection =
+        connection_impl::create(create_uri(), _XPLATSTR(""), trace_level::errors, writer,
+            std::move(web_request_factory), std::make_unique<transport_factory>());
+
+    try
+    {
+        connection->start().get();
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    { }
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(log_entries.empty());
+
+    auto entry = remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[error       ] connection could not be started due to: web exception - 404 Bad request\n"), entry);
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_start, start_propagates_exceptions_from_negotiate)
+{
+    auto web_request_factory = std::make_unique<test_web_request_factory>([](const web::uri &) -> std::unique_ptr<web_request>
+    {
+        return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(new web_request_stub((unsigned short)404, _XPLATSTR("Bad request"), _XPLATSTR("")));
+    });
+
+    auto connection =
+        connection_impl::create(create_uri(), _XPLATSTR(""), trace_level::none, std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>(),
+        std::move(web_request_factory), std::make_unique<transport_factory>());
+
+    try
+    {
+        connection->start().get();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const std::exception &e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("web exception - 404 Bad request"), utility::conversions::to_string_t(e.what()));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_start, start_fails_if_transport_connect_throws)
+{
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_exception<std::string>(std::runtime_error("should not be invoked")); },
+        /* send function */ [](const utility::string_t){ return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(std::runtime_error("should not be invoked"));  },
+        /* connect function */[](const web::uri&)
+        {
+            return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(web::websockets::client::websocket_exception(_XPLATSTR("connecting failed")));
+        });
+
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::errors);
+
+    try
+    {
+        connection->start().get();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const std::exception &e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("connecting failed"), utility::conversions::to_string_t(e.what()));
+    }
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(log_entries.size() > 1);
+
+    auto entry = remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[1]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[error       ] transport could not connect due to: connecting failed\n"), entry);
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_start, start_fails_if_TryWebsockets_false_and_no_fallback_transport)
+{
+    auto web_request_factory = std::make_unique<test_web_request_factory>([](const web::uri &) -> std::unique_ptr<web_request>
+    {
+        utility::string_t response_body(
+            _XPLATSTR("{\"Url\":\"/signalr\", \"ConnectionToken\" : \"A==\", \"ConnectionId\" : \"f7707523-307d-4cba-9abf-3eef701241e8\", ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"KeepAliveTimeout\" : 20.0, \"DisconnectTimeout\" : 30.0, \"ConnectionTimeout\" : 110.0, \"TryWebSockets\" : false, ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"ProtocolVersion\" : \"1.4\", \"TransportConnectTimeout\" : 5.0, \"LongPollDelay\" : 0.0}"));
+
+        return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(new web_request_stub((unsigned short)200, _XPLATSTR("OK"), response_body));
+    });
+
+    auto websocket_client = std::make_shared<test_websocket_client>();
+    auto connection =
+        connection_impl::create(create_uri(), _XPLATSTR(""), trace_level::errors, std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>(),
+        std::move(web_request_factory), std::make_unique<test_transport_factory>(websocket_client));
+
+    try
+    {
+        connection->start().get();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const std::exception &e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("websockets not supported on the server and there is no fallback transport"),
+            utility::conversions::to_string_t(e.what()));
+    }
+}
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)   //  https://github.com/aspnet/SignalR-Client-Cpp/issues/131
+
+TEST(connection_impl_start, start_fails_if_transport_fails_when_receiving_messages)
+{
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ []()
+        {
+            return pplx::task_from_exception<std::string>(std::runtime_error("receive error"));
+        });
+
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::errors);
+
+    try
+    {
+        connection->start().get();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const std::exception &e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("receive error"), utility::conversions::to_string_t(e.what()));
+    }
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(log_entries.size() > 1) << dump_vector(log_entries);
+
+    auto entry = remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[1]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[error       ] connection could not be started due to: receive error\n"), entry) << dump_vector(log_entries);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+TEST(connection_impl_start, start_fails_if_start_request_fails)
+{
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+
+    auto web_request_factory = std::make_unique<test_web_request_factory>([](const web::uri& url)
+    {
+        auto response_body =
+            url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/negotiate")
+            ? _XPLATSTR("{\"Url\":\"/signalr\", \"ConnectionToken\" : \"A==\", \"ConnectionId\" : \"f7707523-307d-4cba-9abf-3eef701241e8\", ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"DisconnectTimeout\" : 30.0, \"ConnectionTimeout\" : 110.0, \"TryWebSockets\" : true, ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"ProtocolVersion\" : \"1.4\", \"TransportConnectTimeout\" : 5.0, \"LongPollDelay\" : 0.0}")
+            : _XPLATSTR("{ }");
+
+        return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(new web_request_stub((unsigned short)200, _XPLATSTR("OK"), response_body));
+    });
+
+    auto websocket_client = std::make_shared<test_websocket_client>();
+    websocket_client->set_receive_function([]()->pplx::task<std::string>
+    {
+        return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{\"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }"));
+    });
+
+    auto connection =
+        connection_impl::create(create_uri(), _XPLATSTR(""), trace_level::messages, writer,
+        std::move(web_request_factory), std::make_unique<test_transport_factory>(websocket_client));
+
+    try
+    {
+        connection->start().get();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const signalr_exception &e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_STREQ("start request failed due to unexpected response from the server: { }", e.what());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_start, start_fails_if_connect_request_times_out)
+{
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+
+    auto web_request_factory = std::make_unique<test_web_request_factory>([](const web::uri& url)
+    {
+        auto response_body =
+            url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/negotiate")
+            ? _XPLATSTR("{\"Url\":\"/signalr\", \"ConnectionToken\" : \"A==\", \"ConnectionId\" : \"f7707523-307d-4cba-9abf-3eef701241e8\", ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"KeepAliveTimeout\" : 20.0, \"DisconnectTimeout\" : 30.0, \"ConnectionTimeout\" : 110.0, \"TryWebSockets\" : true, ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"ProtocolVersion\" : \"1.4\", \"TransportConnectTimeout\" : 0.1, \"LongPollDelay\" : 0.0}")
+            : _XPLATSTR("{ }");
+
+        return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(new web_request_stub((unsigned short)200, _XPLATSTR("OK"), response_body));
+    });
+
+    auto websocket_client = std::make_shared<test_websocket_client>();
+    websocket_client->set_receive_function([]()->pplx::task<std::string>
+    {
+        return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{}"));
+    });
+
+    auto connection =
+        connection_impl::create(create_uri(), _XPLATSTR(""), trace_level::messages, writer,
+        std::move(web_request_factory), std::make_unique<test_transport_factory>(websocket_client));
+
+    try
+    {
+        connection->start().get();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const signalr_exception &e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_STREQ("transport timed out when trying to connect", e.what());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_start, start_fails_if_protocol_versions_not_compatible)
+{
+    auto web_request_factory = std::make_unique<test_web_request_factory>([](const web::uri& url)
+    {
+        auto response_body =
+            url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/negotiate")
+            ? _XPLATSTR("{\"Url\":\"/signalr\", \"ConnectionToken\" : \"A==\", \"ConnectionId\" : \"f7707523-307d-4cba-9abf-3eef701241e8\", ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"KeepAliveTimeout\" : 20.0, \"DisconnectTimeout\" : 30.0, \"ConnectionTimeout\" : 110.0, \"TryWebSockets\" : true, ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"ProtocolVersion\" : \"1.2\", \"TransportConnectTimeout\" : 0.1, \"LongPollDelay\" : 0.0}")
+            : _XPLATSTR("{ }");
+
+        return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(new web_request_stub((unsigned short)200, _XPLATSTR("OK"), response_body));
+    });
+
+    auto websocket_client = std::make_shared<test_websocket_client>();
+    auto connection =
+        connection_impl::create(create_uri(), _XPLATSTR(""), trace_level::all, std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>(),
+        std::move(web_request_factory), std::make_unique<test_transport_factory>(websocket_client));
+
+    try
+    {
+        connection->start().get();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const signalr_exception &e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_STREQ("incompatible protocol version. client protocol version: 1.4, server protocol version: 1.2", e.what());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_process_response, process_response_logs_messages)
+{
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{\"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); });
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::messages);
+
+    connection->start().get();
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(log_entries.empty());
+
+    auto entry = remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[message     ] processing message: {\"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }\n"), entry);
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_send, message_sent)
+{
+    utility::string_t actual_message;
+
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{\"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); },
+        /* send function */ [&actual_message](const utility::string_t& message)
+    {
+        actual_message = message;
+        return pplx::task_from_result();
+    });
+
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client);
+
+    const utility::string_t message{ _XPLATSTR("Test message") };
+
+    connection->start()
+        .then([connection, message]()
+        {
+            return connection->send(message);
+        }).get();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(message, actual_message);
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_send, send_throws_if_connection_not_connected)
+{
+    auto connection =
+        connection_impl::create(create_uri(), _XPLATSTR(""), trace_level::none, std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>());
+
+    try
+    {
+        connection->send(_XPLATSTR("whatever")).get();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception expected but not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const signalr_exception &e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_STREQ("cannot send data when the connection is not in the connected state. current connection state: disconnected", e.what());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_send, exceptions_from_send_logged_and_propagated)
+{
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{\"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); },
+        /* send function */ [](const utility::string_t&){ return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(std::runtime_error("error")); });
+
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::errors);
+
+    try
+    {
+        connection->start()
+            .then([connection]()
+        {
+            return connection->send(_XPLATSTR("Test message"));
+        }).get();
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception expected but not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const std::runtime_error &e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_STREQ("error", e.what());
+    }
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(log_entries.empty());
+
+    auto entry = remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[error       ] error sending data: error\n"), entry);
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_set_message_received, callback_invoked_when_message_received)
+{
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number]()
+        mutable {
+        std::string responses[]
+        {
+            "{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+            "{ \"C\":\"x\", \"G\":\"gr0\", \"M\":[]}",
+            "{ \"C\":\"d-486F0DF9-BAO,5|BAV,1|BAW,0\", \"M\" : [\"Test\"] }",
+            "{ \"C\":\"d-486F0DF9-BAO,5|BAV,1|BAW,0\", \"M\" : [\"release\"] }",
+            "{}"
+        };
+
+        call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 4);
+
+        return pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+    });
+
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client);
+
+    auto message = std::make_shared<utility::string_t>();
+
+    auto message_received_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+    connection->set_message_received_string([message, message_received_event](const utility::string_t &m){
+        if (m == _XPLATSTR("Test"))
+        {
+            *message = m;
+        }
+
+        if (m == _XPLATSTR("release"))
+        {
+            message_received_event->set();
+        }
+    });
+
+    connection->start().get();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(message_received_event->wait(5000));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("Test"), *message);
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_set_message_received, exception_from_callback_caught_and_logged)
+{
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number]()
+        mutable {
+        std::string responses[]
+        {
+            "{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+            "{ \"C\":\"d-486F0DF9-BAO,5|BAV,1|BAW,0\", \"M\" : [\"throw\"] }",
+            "{ \"C\":\"d-486F0DF9-BAO,5|BAV,1|BAW,0\", \"M\" : [\"release\"] }",
+            "{}"
+        };
+
+        call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 3);
+
+        return pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+    });
+
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::errors);
+
+    auto message_received_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+    connection->set_message_received_string([message_received_event](const utility::string_t &m){
+        if (m == _XPLATSTR("throw"))
+        {
+            throw std::runtime_error("oops");
+        }
+
+        if (m == _XPLATSTR("release"))
+        {
+            message_received_event->set();
+        }
+    });
+
+    connection->start().get();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(message_received_event->wait(5000));
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(log_entries.empty());
+
+    auto entry = remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[error       ] message_received callback threw an exception: oops\n"), entry);
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_set_message_received, non_std_exception_from_callback_caught_and_logged)
+{
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number]()
+        mutable {
+        std::string responses[]
+        {
+            "{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+            "{ \"C\":\"d-486F0DF9-BAO,5|BAV,1|BAW,0\", \"M\" : [\"throw\"] }",
+            "{ \"C\":\"d-486F0DF9-BAO,5|BAV,1|BAW,0\", \"M\" : [\"release\"] }",
+            "{}"
+        };
+
+        call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 3);
+
+        return pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+    });
+
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::errors);
+
+    auto message_received_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+    connection->set_message_received_string([message_received_event](const utility::string_t &m)
+    {
+        if (m == _XPLATSTR("throw"))
+        {
+            throw 42;
+        }
+
+        if (m == _XPLATSTR("release"))
+        {
+            message_received_event->set();
+        }
+    });
+
+    connection->start().get();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(message_received_event->wait(5000));
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(log_entries.empty());
+
+    auto entry = remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[error       ] message_received callback threw an unknown exception\n"), entry);
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_set_message_received, error_logged_for_malformed_payload)
+{
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number]()
+        mutable {
+        std::string responses[]
+        {
+            "{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+            "{ 42",
+            "{ \"C\":\"d-486F0DF9-BAO,5|BAV,1|BAW,0\", \"M\" : [\"release\"] }",
+            "{}"
+        };
+
+        call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 3);
+
+        return pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+    });
+
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::errors);
+
+    auto message_received_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+    connection->set_message_received_string([message_received_event](const utility::string_t&)
+    {
+        // this is called only once because we have just one response with a message
+        message_received_event->set();
+    });
+
+    connection->start().get();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(message_received_event->wait(5000));
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(log_entries.empty());
+
+    auto entry = remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[error       ] error occured when parsing response: * Line 1, Column 4 Syntax error: Malformed object literal. response: { 42\n"), entry);
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_set_message_received, unexpected_responses_logged)
+{
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number]()
+        mutable {
+        std::string responses[]
+        {
+            "{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+            "42",
+            "{ \"C\":\"d-486F0DF9-BAO,5|BAV,1|BAW,0\", \"M\" : [\"release\"] }",
+            "{}"
+        };
+
+        call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 3);
+
+        return pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+    });
+
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::info);
+
+    auto message_received_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+    connection->set_message_received_string([message_received_event](const utility::string_t&)
+    {
+        // this is called only once because we have just one response with a message
+        message_received_event->set();
+    });
+
+    connection->start().get();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(message_received_event->wait(5000));
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(log_entries.size() >= 1);
+
+    auto entry = remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[1]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[info        ] unexpected response received from the server: 42\n"), entry);
+}
+
+void can_be_set_only_in_disconnected_state(std::function<void(connection_impl *)> callback, const char* expected_exception_message)
+{
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); });
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client);
+
+    connection->start().get();
+
+    try
+    {
+        callback(connection.get());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception expected but not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const signalr_exception &e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_STREQ(expected_exception_message, e.what());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_set_configuration, set_message_received_string_callback_can_be_set_only_in_disconnected_state)
+{
+    can_be_set_only_in_disconnected_state(
+        [](connection_impl* connection) { connection->set_message_received_string([](const utility::string_t&){}); },
+        "cannot set the callback when the connection is not in the disconnected state. current connection state: connected");
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_set_configuration, set_message_received_json_callback_can_be_set_only_in_disconnected_state)
+{
+    can_be_set_only_in_disconnected_state(
+        [](connection_impl* connection) { connection->set_message_received_json([](const web::json::value&){}); },
+        "cannot set the callback when the connection is not in the disconnected state. current connection state: connected");
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_set_configuration, set_reconnecting_callback_can_be_set_only_in_disconnected_state)
+{
+    can_be_set_only_in_disconnected_state(
+        [](connection_impl* connection) { connection->set_reconnecting([](){}); },
+        "cannot set the reconnecting callback when the connection is not in the disconnected state. current connection state: connected");
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_set_configuration, set_reconnected_callback_can_be_set_only_in_disconnected_state)
+{
+    can_be_set_only_in_disconnected_state(
+        [](connection_impl* connection) { connection->set_reconnected([](){}); },
+        "cannot set the reconnected callback when the connection is not in the disconnected state. current connection state: connected");
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_set_configuration, set_disconnected_callback_can_be_set_only_in_disconnected_state)
+{
+    can_be_set_only_in_disconnected_state(
+        [](connection_impl* connection) { connection->set_disconnected([](){}); },
+        "cannot set the disconnected callback when the connection is not in the disconnected state. current connection state: connected");
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_set_configuration, set_reconnect_delay_can_be_set_only_in_disconnected_state)
+{
+    can_be_set_only_in_disconnected_state(
+        [](connection_impl* connection) { connection->set_reconnect_delay(100); },
+        "cannot set reconnect delay when the connection is not in the disconnected state. current connection state: connected");
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_stop, stopping_disconnected_connection_is_no_op)
+{
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer{ std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>() };
+    auto connection = connection_impl::create(create_uri(), _XPLATSTR(""), trace_level::all, writer);
+    connection->stop().get();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(connection_state::disconnected, connection->get_connection_state());
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, log_entries.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[info        ] stopping connection\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[info        ] acquired lock in shutdown()\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[1]));
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_stop, stopping_disconnecting_connection_returns_cancelled_task)
+{
+    event close_event;
+    auto writer = std::shared_ptr<log_writer>{std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>()};
+
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); },
+        /* send function */ [](const utility::string_t){ return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(std::runtime_error("should not be invoked")); },
+        /* connect function */ [&close_event](const web::uri&) { return pplx::task_from_result(); },
+        /* close function */ [&close_event]()
+        {
+            return pplx::create_task([&close_event]()
+            {
+                close_event.wait();
+            });
+        });
+
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::state_changes);
+
+    connection->start().get();
+    auto stop_task = connection->stop();
+
+    try
+    {
+        connection->stop().get();
+        ASSERT_FALSE(true); // exception expected but not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const pplx::task_canceled&)
+    { }
+
+    close_event.set();
+    stop_task.get();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(connection_state::disconnected, connection->get_connection_state());
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_EQ(4, log_entries.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnected -> connecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connecting -> connected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[1]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connected -> disconnecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[2]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnecting -> disconnected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[3]));
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_stop, can_start_and_stop_connection)
+{
+    auto writer = std::shared_ptr<log_writer>{std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>()};
+
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); });
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::state_changes);
+
+    connection->start()
+        .then([connection]()
+        {
+            return connection->stop();
+        }).get();
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_EQ(4, log_entries.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnected -> connecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connecting -> connected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[1]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connected -> disconnecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[2]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnecting -> disconnected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[3]));
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_stop, can_start_and_stop_connection_multiple_times)
+{
+    auto writer = std::shared_ptr<log_writer>{std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>()};
+
+    {
+        auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+            /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); });
+        auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::state_changes);
+
+        connection->start()
+            .then([connection]()
+        {
+            return connection->stop();
+        })
+        .then([connection]()
+        {
+            return connection->start();
+        }).get();
+    }
+
+    auto memory_writer = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer);
+
+    // The connection_impl will be destroyed when the last reference to shared_ptr holding is released. This can happen
+    // on a different thread in which case the dtor will be invoked on a different thread so we need to wait for this
+    // to happen and if it does not the test will fail
+    for (int wait_time_ms = 5; wait_time_ms < 100 && memory_writer->get_log_entries().size() < 8; wait_time_ms <<= 1)
+    {
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(wait_time_ms));
+    }
+
+    auto log_entries = memory_writer->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_EQ(8, log_entries.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnected -> connecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connecting -> connected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[1]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connected -> disconnecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[2]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnecting -> disconnected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[3]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnected -> connecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[4]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connecting -> connected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[5]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connected -> disconnecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[6]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnecting -> disconnected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[7]));
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_stop, dtor_stops_the_connection)
+{
+    auto writer = std::shared_ptr<log_writer>{std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>()};
+
+    {
+        auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+            /* receive function */ []() 
+            {
+                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
+                return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }"));
+            });
+        auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::state_changes);
+
+        connection->start().get();
+    }
+
+    auto memory_writer = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer);
+
+    // The connection_impl will be destroyed when the last reference to shared_ptr holding is released. This can happen
+    // on a different thread in which case the dtor will be invoked on a different thread so we need to wait for this
+    // to happen and if it does not the test will fail
+    for (int wait_time_ms = 5; wait_time_ms < 100 && memory_writer->get_log_entries().size() < 4; wait_time_ms <<= 1)
+    {
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(wait_time_ms));
+    }
+
+    auto log_entries = memory_writer->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_EQ(4, log_entries.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnected -> connecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connecting -> connected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[1]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connected -> disconnecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[2]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnecting -> disconnected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[3]));
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_stop, stop_cancels_ongoing_start_request)
+{
+    auto disconnect_completed_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [disconnect_completed_event]()
+        {
+            disconnect_completed_event->wait();
+            return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }"));
+        });
+
+    auto writer = std::shared_ptr<log_writer>{std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>()};
+    auto connection = create_connection(std::make_shared<test_websocket_client>(), writer, trace_level::all);
+
+    auto start_task = connection->start();
+    connection->stop().get();
+    disconnect_completed_event->set();
+
+    start_task.then([](pplx::task<void> t)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            t.get();
+            ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception expected but not thrown
+        }
+        catch (const pplx::task_canceled &)
+        { }
+    }).get();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(connection_state::disconnected, connection->get_connection_state());
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_EQ(5, log_entries.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnected -> connecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[info        ] stopping connection\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[1]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[info        ] acquired lock in shutdown()\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[2]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[info        ] starting the connection has been cancelled.\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[3]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connecting -> disconnected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[4]));
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_stop, ongoing_start_request_cancelled_if_connection_stopped_before_init_message_received)
+{
+    auto web_request_factory = std::make_unique<test_web_request_factory>([](const web::uri& url)
+    {
+        auto response_body =
+            url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/negotiate")
+            ? _XPLATSTR("{\"Url\":\"/signalr\", \"ConnectionToken\" : \"A==\", \"ConnectionId\" : \"f7707523-307d-4cba-9abf-3eef701241e8\", ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"DisconnectTimeout\" : 0.5, \"ConnectionTimeout\" : 110.0, \"TryWebSockets\" : true, ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"ProtocolVersion\" : \"1.4\", \"TransportConnectTimeout\" : 0.1, \"LongPollDelay\" : 0.0}")
+            : _XPLATSTR("");
+
+        return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(new web_request_stub((unsigned short)200, _XPLATSTR("OK"), response_body));
+    });
+
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(/*receive function*/ []()
+    {
+        return pplx::task_from_result<std::string>("{}");
+    });
+
+    auto writer = std::shared_ptr<log_writer>{std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>()};
+    auto connection = connection_impl::create(create_uri(), _XPLATSTR(""), trace_level::all, writer,
+        std::move(web_request_factory), std::make_unique<test_transport_factory>(websocket_client));
+
+    auto start_task = connection->start();
+    connection->stop().get();
+
+    start_task.then([](pplx::task<void> t)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            t.get();
+            ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception expected but not thrown
+        }
+        catch (const pplx::task_canceled &)
+        { }
+    }).get();
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_EQ(5, log_entries.size()) << dump_vector(log_entries);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnected -> connecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[info        ] stopping connection\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[1]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[info        ] acquired lock in shutdown()\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[2]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[info        ] starting the connection has been cancelled.\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[3]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connecting -> disconnected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[4]));
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_stop, stop_ignores_exceptions_from_abort_requests)
+{
+    auto writer = std::shared_ptr<log_writer>{std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>()};
+
+    auto web_request_factory = std::make_unique<test_web_request_factory>([](const web::uri& url)
+    {
+        auto response_body =
+            url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/negotiate")
+            ? _XPLATSTR("{\"Url\":\"/signalr\", \"ConnectionToken\" : \"A==\", \"ConnectionId\" : \"f7707523-307d-4cba-9abf-3eef701241e8\", ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"KeepAliveTimeout\" : 20.0, \"DisconnectTimeout\" : 30.0, \"ConnectionTimeout\" : 110.0, \"TryWebSockets\" : true, ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"ProtocolVersion\" : \"1.4\", \"TransportConnectTimeout\" : 5.0, \"LongPollDelay\" : 0.0}")
+            : url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/start")
+                ? _XPLATSTR("{\"Response\":\"started\" }")
+                : _XPLATSTR("");
+
+        return url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/abort")
+            ? std::unique_ptr<web_request>(new web_request_stub((unsigned short)503, _XPLATSTR("Bad request"), response_body))
+            : std::unique_ptr<web_request>(new web_request_stub((unsigned short)200, _XPLATSTR("OK"), response_body));
+    });
+
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); });
+
+    auto connection =
+        connection_impl::create(create_uri(), _XPLATSTR(""), trace_level::state_changes,
+        writer, std::move(web_request_factory), std::make_unique<test_transport_factory>(websocket_client));
+
+    connection->start()
+        .then([connection]()
+        {
+            return connection->stop();
+        }).get();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(connection_state::disconnected, connection->get_connection_state());
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_EQ(4, log_entries.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnected -> connecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connecting -> connected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[1]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connected -> disconnecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[2]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnecting -> disconnected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[3]));
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_stop, stop_invokes_disconnected_callback)
+{
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); });
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client);
+
+    auto disconnected_invoked = false;
+    connection->set_disconnected([&disconnected_invoked](){ disconnected_invoked = true; });
+
+    connection->start()
+        .then([connection]()
+        {
+            return connection->stop();
+        }).get();
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(disconnected_invoked);
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_stop, std_exception_for_disconnected_callback_caught_and_logged)
+{
+    auto writer = std::shared_ptr<log_writer>{std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>()};
+
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); });
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::errors);
+
+    connection->set_disconnected([](){ throw std::runtime_error("exception from disconnected"); });
+
+    connection->start()
+        .then([connection]()
+        {
+            return connection->stop();
+        }).get();
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, log_entries.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[error       ] disconnected callback threw an exception: exception from disconnected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]));
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_stop, exception_for_disconnected_callback_caught_and_logged)
+{
+    auto writer = std::shared_ptr<log_writer>{std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>()};
+
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); });
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::errors);
+
+    connection->set_disconnected([](){ throw 42; });
+
+    connection->start()
+        .then([connection]()
+        {
+            return connection->stop();
+        }).get();
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, log_entries.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[error       ] disconnected callback threw an unknown exception\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]));
+}
+
+//TEST(connection_impl_config, custom_headers_set_in_requests)
+//{
+//    auto writer = std::shared_ptr<log_writer>{std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>()};
+//
+//    auto web_request_factory = std::make_unique<test_web_request_factory>([](const web::uri& url)
+//    {
+//        auto response_body =
+//            url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/negotiate")
+//            ? _XPLATSTR("{\"Url\":\"/signalr\", \"ConnectionToken\" : \"A==\", \"ConnectionId\" : \"f7707523-307d-4cba-9abf-3eef701241e8\", ")
+//            _XPLATSTR("\"KeepAliveTimeout\" : 20.0, \"DisconnectTimeout\" : 30.0, \"ConnectionTimeout\" : 110.0, \"TryWebSockets\" : true, ")
+//            _XPLATSTR("\"ProtocolVersion\" : \"1.4\", \"TransportConnectTimeout\" : 5.0, \"LongPollDelay\" : 0.0}")
+//            : url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/start")
+//            ? _XPLATSTR("{\"Response\":\"started\" }")
+//            : _XPLATSTR("");
+//
+//        auto request = new web_request_stub((unsigned short)200, _XPLATSTR("OK"), response_body);
+//        request->on_get_response = [](web_request_stub& request)
+//        {
+//            auto http_headers = request.m_signalr_client_config.get_http_headers();
+//            ASSERT_EQ(1, http_headers.size());
+//            ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("42"), http_headers[_XPLATSTR("Answer")]);
+//        };
+//
+//        return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(request);
+//    });
+//
+//    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+//        /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); });
+//
+//    auto connection =
+//        connection_impl::create(create_uri(), _XPLATSTR(""), trace_level::state_changes,
+//        writer, std::move(web_request_factory), std::make_unique<test_transport_factory>(websocket_client));
+//
+//    signalr::signalr_client_config signalr_client_config{};
+//    auto http_headers = signalr_client_config.get_http_headers();
+//    http_headers[_XPLATSTR("Answer")] = _XPLATSTR("42");
+//    signalr_client_config.set_http_headers(http_headers);
+//    connection->set_client_config(signalr_client_config);
+//
+//    connection->start()
+//        .then([connection]()
+//    {
+//        return connection->stop();
+//    }).get();
+//
+//    ASSERT_EQ(connection_state::disconnected, connection->get_connection_state());
+//}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_set_config, config_can_be_set_only_in_disconnected_state)
+{
+    can_be_set_only_in_disconnected_state(
+        [](connection_impl* connection) 
+        {
+            signalr::signalr_client_config signalr_client_config;
+            connection->set_client_config(signalr_client_config);
+        },"cannot set client config when the connection is not in the disconnected state. current connection state: connected");
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_change_state, change_state_logs)
+{
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{\"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); });
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::state_changes);
+
+    connection->start().wait();
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(log_entries.empty());
+
+    auto entry = remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnected -> connecting\n"), entry);
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_reconnect, can_reconnect)
+{
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number]() mutable
+        {
+            std::string responses[]
+            {
+                "{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+                "{}",
+                "{}",
+                "{}"
+            };
+
+            call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 3);
+
+            return call_number == 2
+                ? pplx::task_from_exception<std::string>(std::runtime_error("connection exception"))
+                : pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+        });
+
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client);
+    connection->set_reconnect_delay(100);
+    auto reconnected_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+    connection->set_reconnected([reconnected_event](){ reconnected_event->set(); });
+    connection->start();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(reconnected_event->wait(5000));
+    ASSERT_EQ(connection_state::connected, connection->get_connection_state());
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_reconnect, successful_reconnect_state_changes)
+{
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number]() mutable
+        {
+            std::string responses[]
+            {
+                "{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+                "{}",
+                "{}",
+                "{}"
+            };
+
+            call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 3);
+
+            return call_number == 2
+                ? pplx::task_from_exception<std::string>(std::runtime_error("connection exception"))
+                : pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+        });
+
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::state_changes);
+    connection->set_reconnect_delay(100);
+    auto reconnected_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+    connection->set_reconnected([reconnected_event](){ reconnected_event->set(); });
+    connection->start();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(reconnected_event->wait(5000));
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_EQ(4, log_entries.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnected -> connecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connecting -> connected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[1]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connected -> reconnecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[2]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] reconnecting -> connected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[3]));
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_reconnect, connection_stopped_if_reconnecting_failed)
+{
+    auto web_request_factory = std::make_unique<test_web_request_factory>([](const web::uri& url)
+    {
+        auto response_body =
+            url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/negotiate")
+            ? _XPLATSTR("{\"Url\":\"/signalr\", \"ConnectionToken\" : \"A==\", \"ConnectionId\" : \"f7707523-307d-4cba-9abf-3eef701241e8\", ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"DisconnectTimeout\" : 0.5, \"ConnectionTimeout\" : 110.0, \"TryWebSockets\" : true, ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"ProtocolVersion\" : \"1.4\", \"TransportConnectTimeout\" : 5.0, \"LongPollDelay\" : 0.0}")
+            : url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/start")
+                ? _XPLATSTR("{\"Response\":\"started\" }")
+                : _XPLATSTR("");
+
+        return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(new web_request_stub((unsigned short)200, _XPLATSTR("OK"), response_body));
+    });
+
+    int call_number = -1;
+    int reconnect_invocations = 0;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number]() mutable
+        {
+            std::string responses[]
+            {
+                "{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+                "{}",
+                "{}",
+                "{}"
+            };
+
+            call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 3);
+
+            return call_number == 2
+                ? pplx::task_from_exception<std::string>(std::runtime_error("connection exception"))
+                : pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+        },
+        /* send function */ [](const utility::string_t){ return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(std::runtime_error("should not be invoked"));  },
+        /* connect function */[&reconnect_invocations](const web::uri& url)
+        {
+            if (url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/reconnect"))
+            {
+                reconnect_invocations++;
+                return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(std::runtime_error("reconnect rejected"));
+            }
+
+            return pplx::task_from_result();
+        });
+
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+    auto connection =
+        connection_impl::create(create_uri(), _XPLATSTR(""), trace_level::state_changes,
+        writer, std::move(web_request_factory), std::make_unique<test_transport_factory>(websocket_client));
+
+    auto disconnected_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+    connection->set_disconnected([disconnected_event](){ disconnected_event->set(); });
+    connection->set_reconnect_delay(100);
+    connection->start();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(disconnected_event->wait(5000));
+    ASSERT_EQ(connection_state::disconnected, connection->get_connection_state());
+    ASSERT_GE(reconnect_invocations, 2);
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_EQ(5, log_entries.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnected -> connecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connecting -> connected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[1]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connected -> reconnecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[2]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] reconnecting -> disconnecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[3]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnecting -> disconnected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[4]));
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_reconnect, reconnect_works_if_connection_dropped_during_after_init_and_before_start_successfully_completed)
+{
+    auto connection_dropped_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number, connection_dropped_event]() mutable
+    {
+        std::string responses[]
+        {
+            "{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+            "{}",
+            "{}"
+        };
+
+        call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 2);
+
+        if (call_number == 1)
+        {
+            connection_dropped_event->set();
+            return pplx::task_from_exception<std::string>(std::runtime_error("connection exception"));
+        }
+
+        return pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+    });
+
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::state_changes);
+    connection->set_reconnect_delay(100);
+    auto reconnected_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+    connection->set_reconnected([reconnected_event](){ reconnected_event->set(); });
+
+    connection->start();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(reconnected_event->wait(5000));
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_EQ(4, log_entries.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnected -> connecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connecting -> connected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[1]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connected -> reconnecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[2]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] reconnecting -> connected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[3]));
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_reconnect, reconnect_cancelled_if_connection_dropped_during_start_and_start_failed)
+{
+    auto connection_dropped_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+
+    auto web_request_factory = std::make_unique<test_web_request_factory>([&connection_dropped_event](const web::uri& url)
+    {
+        if (url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/start"))
+        {
+            connection_dropped_event->wait();
+            return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(new web_request_stub((unsigned short)404, _XPLATSTR("Bad request"), _XPLATSTR("")));
+        }
+
+        auto response_body =
+            url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/negotiate")
+            ? _XPLATSTR("{\"Url\":\"/signalr\", \"ConnectionToken\" : \"A==\", \"ConnectionId\" : \"f7707523-307d-4cba-9abf-3eef701241e8\", ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"DisconnectTimeout\" : 0.5, \"ConnectionTimeout\" : 110.0, \"TryWebSockets\" : true, ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"ProtocolVersion\" : \"1.4\", \"TransportConnectTimeout\" : 5.0, \"LongPollDelay\" : 0.0}")
+            : _XPLATSTR("");
+
+        return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(new web_request_stub((unsigned short)200, _XPLATSTR("OK"), response_body));
+    });
+
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number, connection_dropped_event]() mutable
+    {
+        std::string responses[]
+        {
+            "{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+            "{}",
+            "{}"
+        };
+
+        call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 2);
+
+        if (call_number == 1)
+        {
+            connection_dropped_event->set();
+            return pplx::task_from_exception<std::string>(std::runtime_error("connection exception"));
+        }
+
+        return pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+    });
+
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+    auto connection =
+        connection_impl::create(create_uri(), _XPLATSTR(""), trace_level::state_changes | trace_level::info,
+        writer, std::move(web_request_factory), std::make_unique<test_transport_factory>(websocket_client));
+
+    try
+    {
+        connection->start().get();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception expected but not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const std::exception&)
+    {
+    }
+
+    // Reconnecting happens on its own thread. If the connection is dropped after a successfull /connect but before the
+    // entire start sequence completes the reconnect thread is blocked to see if the starts sequence succeded or not.
+    // If the start sequence ultimately fails the reconnect logic will not be run - the reconnect thread will exit.
+    // However there is no further synchronization between start and reconnect threads so the order in which they will
+    // finish is not defined. Note that this does not matter for the user since they don't directly depend on/observe
+    // the reconnect in any way. In tests however if the start thread finishes first we can get here while the reconnect
+    // thread still has not finished. This would make the test fail so we need to wait until the reconnect thread finishes
+    // which will be when it logs a message that it is giving up reconnecting.
+    auto memory_writer = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer);
+    for (int wait_time_ms = 5; wait_time_ms < 100 && memory_writer->get_log_entries().size() < 6; wait_time_ms <<= 1)
+    {
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(wait_time_ms));
+    }
+
+    auto log_entries = memory_writer->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_EQ(6, log_entries.size()) << dump_vector(log_entries);
+
+    auto state_changes = filter_vector(log_entries, _XPLATSTR("[state change]"));
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, state_changes.size()) << dump_vector(log_entries);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnected -> connecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(state_changes[0]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connecting -> disconnected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(state_changes[1]));
+
+    auto info_entries = filter_vector(log_entries, _XPLATSTR("[info        ]"));
+    ASSERT_EQ(4, info_entries.size()) << dump_vector(log_entries);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[info        ] [websocket transport] connecting to: ws://reconnect_cancelled_if_connection_dropped_during_start_and_start_failed/connect?transport=webSockets&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=A%3D%3D\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(info_entries[0]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[info        ] connection lost - trying to re-establish connection\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(info_entries[1]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[info        ] acquired lock before invoking reconnecting callback\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(info_entries[2]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[info        ] reconnecting cancelled - connection is not in the connected state\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(info_entries[3]));
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_reconnect, reconnect_cancelled_when_connection_being_stopped)
+{
+    std::atomic<bool> connection_started{ false };
+
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number, &connection_started]() mutable
+    {
+        std::string responses[]
+        {
+            "{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+            "{}"
+        };
+
+        call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 1);
+
+        return connection_started
+            ? pplx::task_from_exception<std::string>(std::runtime_error("connection exception"))
+            : pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+    },
+        /* send function */ [](const utility::string_t){ return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(std::runtime_error("should not be invoked"));  },
+        /* connect function */[](const web::uri& url)
+    {
+        if (url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/reconnect"))
+        {
+            return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(std::runtime_error("reconnect rejected"));
+        }
+
+        return pplx::task_from_result();
+    });
+
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::all);
+    connection->set_reconnect_delay(100);
+    event reconnecting_event{};
+    connection->set_reconnecting([&reconnecting_event](){ reconnecting_event.set(); });
+
+    connection->start().then([&connection_started](){ connection_started = true; });
+    ASSERT_FALSE(reconnecting_event.wait(5000));
+    connection->stop().get();
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+
+    auto state_changes = filter_vector(log_entries, _XPLATSTR("[state change]"));
+    ASSERT_EQ(state_changes.size(), 5);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnected -> connecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(state_changes[0]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connecting -> connected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(state_changes[1]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connected -> reconnecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(state_changes[2]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] reconnecting -> disconnecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(state_changes[3]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnecting -> disconnected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(state_changes[4]));
+
+    // there is an iherent race between stop and reconnect to acquire the lock which results in finishing reconnecting
+    // in one of two ways and, sometimes, in completing stopping the connection before finishing reconnecting
+    for (int wait_time_ms = 5; wait_time_ms < 100; wait_time_ms <<= 1)
+    {
+        log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+        if ((filter_vector(log_entries, _XPLATSTR("[info        ] reconnecting cancelled - connection is being stopped. line")).size() +
+            filter_vector(log_entries, _XPLATSTR("[info        ] reconnecting cancelled - connection was stopped and restarted after reconnecting started")).size()) != 0)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(wait_time_ms));
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1,
+        filter_vector(log_entries, _XPLATSTR("[info        ] reconnecting cancelled - connection is being stopped. line")).size() +
+        filter_vector(log_entries, _XPLATSTR("[info        ] reconnecting cancelled - connection was stopped and restarted after reconnecting started")).size())
+            << dump_vector(log_entries);
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_reconnect, reconnect_cancelled_if_connection_goes_out_of_scope)
+{
+    std::atomic<bool> connection_started{ false };
+
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number, &connection_started]() mutable
+        {
+            std::string responses[]
+            {
+                "{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+                "{}"
+            };
+
+            call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 1);
+
+            return connection_started
+                ? pplx::task_from_exception<std::string>(std::runtime_error("connection exception"))
+                : pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+        },
+        /* send function */ [](const utility::string_t){ return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(std::runtime_error("should not be invoked"));  },
+        /* connect function */[](const web::uri& url)
+        {
+            if (url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/reconnect"))
+            {
+                return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(std::runtime_error("reconnect rejected"));
+            }
+
+            return pplx::task_from_result();
+        });
+
+
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+
+    {
+        auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::all);
+        connection->set_reconnect_delay(100);
+        event reconnecting_event{};
+        connection->set_reconnecting([&reconnecting_event](){ reconnecting_event.set(); });
+
+        connection->start().then([&connection_started](){ connection_started = true; });
+        ASSERT_FALSE(reconnecting_event.wait(5000));
+    }
+
+    // The connection_impl destructor does can be called on a different thread. This is because it is being internally
+    // used by tasks as a shared_ptr. As a result the dtor is being called on the thread which released the last reference.
+    // Therefore we need to wait block until the dtor has actually completed. Time out would most likely indicate a bug.
+    auto memory_writer = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer);
+    for (int wait_time_ms = 5; wait_time_ms < 10000; wait_time_ms <<= 1)
+    {
+        if (filter_vector(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries(),
+            _XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnecting -> disconnected")).size() > 0)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(wait_time_ms));
+    }
+
+    auto log_entries = memory_writer->get_log_entries();
+    auto state_changes = filter_vector(log_entries, _XPLATSTR("[state change]"));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(5, state_changes.size()) << dump_vector(log_entries);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnected -> connecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(state_changes[0]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connecting -> connected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(state_changes[1]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connected -> reconnecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(state_changes[2]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] reconnecting -> disconnecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(state_changes[3]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnecting -> disconnected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(state_changes[4]));
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_reconnect, std_exception_for_reconnected_reconnecting_callback_caught_and_logged)
+{
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number]() mutable
+        {
+            std::string responses[]
+            {
+                "{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+                "{}",
+                "{}",
+                "{}"
+            };
+
+            call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 3);
+
+            return call_number == 2
+                ? pplx::task_from_exception<std::string>(std::runtime_error("connection exception"))
+                : pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+        });
+
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::errors);
+    connection->set_reconnect_delay(100);
+    connection->set_reconnecting([](){ throw std::runtime_error("exception from reconnecting"); });
+    auto reconnected_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+    connection->set_reconnected([reconnected_event]()
+    {
+        reconnected_event->set();
+        throw std::runtime_error("exception from reconnected");
+    });
+
+    connection->start();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(reconnected_event->wait(5000));
+    ASSERT_EQ(connection_state::connected, connection->get_connection_state());
+
+    auto memory_writer = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer);
+    for (int wait_time_ms = 5; wait_time_ms < 100 && memory_writer->get_log_entries().size() < 3; wait_time_ms <<= 1)
+    {
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(wait_time_ms));
+    }
+
+    auto log_entries = memory_writer->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[error       ] reconnecting callback threw an exception: exception from reconnecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[1]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[error       ] reconnected callback threw an exception: exception from reconnected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[2]));
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_reconnect, exception_for_reconnected_reconnecting_callback_caught_and_logged)
+{
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number]() mutable
+        {
+            std::string responses[]
+            {
+                "{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+                "{}",
+                "{}",
+                "{}"
+            };
+
+            call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 3);
+
+            return call_number == 2
+                ? pplx::task_from_exception<std::string>(std::runtime_error("connection exception"))
+                : pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+        });
+
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::errors);
+    connection->set_reconnect_delay(100);
+    connection->set_reconnecting([](){ throw 42; });
+    auto reconnected_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+    connection->set_reconnected([reconnected_event]()
+    {
+        reconnected_event->set();
+        throw 42;
+    });
+
+    connection->start();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(reconnected_event->wait(5000));
+    ASSERT_EQ(connection_state::connected, connection->get_connection_state());
+
+    auto memory_writer = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer);
+    for (int wait_time_ms = 5; wait_time_ms < 100 && memory_writer->get_log_entries().size() < 3; wait_time_ms <<= 1)
+    {
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(wait_time_ms));
+    }
+
+    auto log_entries = memory_writer->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_EQ(3, log_entries.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[error       ] reconnecting callback threw an unknown exception\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[1]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[error       ] reconnected callback threw an unknown exception\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[2]));
+}
+
+TEST(connection_impl_reconnect, can_stop_connection_from_reconnecting_event)
+{
+    auto web_request_factory = std::make_unique<test_web_request_factory>([](const web::uri& url)
+    {
+        auto response_body =
+            url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/negotiate")
+            ? _XPLATSTR("{\"Url\":\"/signalr\", \"ConnectionToken\" : \"A==\", \"ConnectionId\" : \"f7707523-307d-4cba-9abf-3eef701241e8\", ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"DisconnectTimeout\" : 0.5, \"ConnectionTimeout\" : 110.0, \"TryWebSockets\" : true, ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"ProtocolVersion\" : \"1.4\", \"TransportConnectTimeout\" : 5.0, \"LongPollDelay\" : 0.0}")
+            : url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/start")
+            ? _XPLATSTR("{\"Response\":\"started\" }")
+            : _XPLATSTR("");
+
+        return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(new web_request_stub((unsigned short)200, _XPLATSTR("OK"), response_body));
+    });
+
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number]() mutable
+        {
+            std::string responses[]
+            {
+                "{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+                "{}",
+                "{}",
+                "{}"
+            };
+
+            call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 3);
+
+            return call_number == 2
+                ? pplx::task_from_exception<std::string>(std::runtime_error("connection exception"))
+                : pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+        },
+        /* send function */ [](const utility::string_t){ return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(std::runtime_error("should not be invoked"));  },
+        /* connect function */[](const web::uri& url)
+        {
+            if (url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/reconnect"))
+            {
+                return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(std::runtime_error("reconnect rejected"));
+            }
+
+            return pplx::task_from_result();
+        });
+
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+    auto connection =
+        connection_impl::create(create_uri(), _XPLATSTR(""), trace_level::state_changes,
+        writer, std::move(web_request_factory), std::make_unique<test_transport_factory>(websocket_client));
+
+    auto stop_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+    connection->set_reconnecting([&connection, stop_event]()
+    {
+        connection->stop()
+            .then([stop_event](){ stop_event->set(); });
+    });
+    connection->set_reconnect_delay(100);
+    connection->start();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(stop_event->wait(5000));
+    ASSERT_EQ(connection_state::disconnected, connection->get_connection_state());
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_EQ(5, log_entries.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnected -> connecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connecting -> connected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[1]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connected -> reconnecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[2]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] reconnecting -> disconnecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[3]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnecting -> disconnected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[4]));
+}
+
+
+TEST(connection_impl_reconnect, current_reconnect_cancelled_if_another_reconnect_initiated_from_reconnecting_event)
+{
+    auto web_request_factory = std::make_unique<test_web_request_factory>([](const web::uri& url)
+    {
+        auto response_body =
+            url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/negotiate")
+            ? _XPLATSTR("{\"Url\":\"/signalr\", \"ConnectionToken\" : \"A==\", \"ConnectionId\" : \"f7707523-307d-4cba-9abf-3eef701241e8\", ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"DisconnectTimeout\" : 0.5, \"ConnectionTimeout\" : 110.0, \"TryWebSockets\" : true, ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"ProtocolVersion\" : \"1.4\", \"TransportConnectTimeout\" : 5.0, \"LongPollDelay\" : 0.0}")
+            : url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/start")
+            ? _XPLATSTR("{\"Response\":\"started\" }")
+            : _XPLATSTR("");
+
+        return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(new web_request_stub((unsigned short)200, _XPLATSTR("OK"), response_body));
+    });
+
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto allow_reconnect = std::make_shared<std::atomic<bool>>(false);
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number, allow_reconnect]() mutable
+        {
+            std::string responses[]
+            {
+                "{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+                "{}",
+                "{}",
+                "{}"
+            };
+
+            call_number = (call_number + 1) % 4;
+
+            return call_number == 2 && !(*allow_reconnect)
+                ? pplx::task_from_exception<std::string>(std::runtime_error("connection exception"))
+                : pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+        },
+        /* send function */ [](const utility::string_t){ return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(std::runtime_error("should not be invoked"));  },
+        /* connect function */[allow_reconnect](const web::uri& url)
+        {
+            if (url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/reconnect") && !(*allow_reconnect))
+            {
+                return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(std::runtime_error("reconnect rejected"));
+            }
+
+            return pplx::task_from_result();
+        });
+
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+    auto connection =
+        connection_impl::create(create_uri(), _XPLATSTR(""), trace_level::all, writer,
+        std::move(web_request_factory), std::make_unique<test_transport_factory>(websocket_client));
+
+    auto reconnecting_count = 0;
+    connection->set_reconnecting([&connection, reconnecting_count, allow_reconnect]() mutable
+    {
+        if (++reconnecting_count == 1)
+        {
+            connection->stop().get();
+            connection->start().get();
+            *allow_reconnect = true;
+        }
+    });
+
+    event reconnected_event;
+    connection->set_reconnected([&reconnected_event]()
+    {
+        reconnected_event.set();
+    });
+
+    connection->set_reconnect_delay(100);
+    connection->start();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(reconnected_event.wait(5000));
+    ASSERT_EQ(connection_state::connected, connection->get_connection_state());
+
+    // There are two racing reconnect attemps happening at the same time. The second one sets the reconnect_event and
+    // unblocks the tests so that verification can happen. Sometimes however the second reconnect one finishes before
+    // the first and verification fails. We are blocking here until we get the expected message from the first reconnect
+    // or timeout. The threads doing reconnects are not observable outside so this is the only way to verify that both
+    // reconnect attempts have actually completed.
+    for (int wait_time_ms = 5; wait_time_ms < 100; wait_time_ms <<= 1)
+    {
+        if (filter_vector(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries(),
+            _XPLATSTR("[info        ] reconnecting cancelled - connection was stopped and restarted after reconnecting started")).size() > 0)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(wait_time_ms));
+    }
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1,
+        filter_vector(log_entries, _XPLATSTR("[info        ] reconnecting cancelled - connection was stopped and restarted after reconnecting started")).size())
+            << dump_vector(log_entries);
+
+    auto state_changes = filter_vector(log_entries, _XPLATSTR("[state change]"));
+    ASSERT_EQ(9, state_changes.size()) << dump_vector(log_entries);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnected -> connecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(state_changes[0]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connecting -> connected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(state_changes[1]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connected -> reconnecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(state_changes[2]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] reconnecting -> disconnecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(state_changes[3]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnecting -> disconnected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(state_changes[4]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnected -> connecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(state_changes[5]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connecting -> connected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(state_changes[6]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connected -> reconnecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(state_changes[7]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] reconnecting -> connected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(state_changes[8]));
+}
+
+TEST(connection_id, connection_id_is_set_if_start_fails_but_negotiate_request_succeeds)
+{
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [](){ return pplx::task_from_exception<std::string>(std::runtime_error("should not be invoked")); },
+        /* send function */ [](const utility::string_t){ return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(std::runtime_error("should not be invoked"));  },
+        /* connect function */[](const web::uri&)
+        {
+            return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(web::websockets::client::websocket_exception(_XPLATSTR("connecting failed")));
+        });
+
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::errors);
+
+    auto start_task = connection->start()
+        // this test is not set up to connect successfully so we have to observe exceptions otherwise
+        // other tests may fail due to an unobserved exception from the outstanding start task
+        .then([](pplx::task<void> start_task)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                start_task.get();
+            }
+            catch (...)
+            {
+            }
+        });
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR(""), connection->get_connection_id());
+    start_task.get();
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("f7707523-307d-4cba-9abf-3eef701241e8"), connection->get_connection_id());
+}
+
+TEST(connection_id, can_get_connection_id_when_connection_in_connected_state)
+{
+    auto writer = std::shared_ptr<log_writer>{ std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>() };
+
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [](){ return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); });
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::state_changes);
+
+    utility::string_t connection_id;
+    connection->start()
+        .then([connection, &connection_id]()
+        mutable {
+            connection_id = connection->get_connection_id();
+            return connection->stop();
+        }).get();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("f7707523-307d-4cba-9abf-3eef701241e8"), connection_id);
+}
+
+TEST(connection_id, can_get_connection_id_after_connection_has_stopped)
+{
+    auto writer = std::shared_ptr<log_writer>{ std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>() };
+
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [](){ return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); });
+    auto connection = create_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::state_changes);
+
+    connection->start()
+        .then([connection]()
+        {
+            return connection->stop();
+        }).get();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("f7707523-307d-4cba-9abf-3eef701241e8"), connection->get_connection_id());
+}
+
+TEST(connection_id, connection_id_reset_when_starting_connection)
+{
+    auto fail_http_requests = false;
+
+    auto writer = std::shared_ptr<log_writer>{ std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>() };
+
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [](){ return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); });
+
+    auto web_request_factory = std::make_unique<test_web_request_factory>([&fail_http_requests](const web::uri &url) -> std::unique_ptr<web_request>
+    {
+        if (!fail_http_requests) {
+            auto response_body =
+                url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/negotiate") || url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/signalr/negotiate")
+                ? _XPLATSTR("{\"Url\":\"/signalr\", \"ConnectionToken\" : \"A==\", \"ConnectionId\" : \"f7707523-307d-4cba-9abf-3eef701241e8\", ")
+                _XPLATSTR("\"KeepAliveTimeout\" : 20.0, \"DisconnectTimeout\" : 10.0, \"ConnectionTimeout\" : 110.0, \"TryWebSockets\" : true, ")
+                _XPLATSTR("\"ProtocolVersion\" : \"1.4\", \"TransportConnectTimeout\" : 5.0, \"LongPollDelay\" : 0.0}")
+                : url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/start") || url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/signalr/start")
+                    ? _XPLATSTR("{\"Response\":\"started\" }")
+                    : _XPLATSTR("");
+
+            return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(new web_request_stub((unsigned short)200, _XPLATSTR("OK"), response_body));
+        }
+
+        return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(new web_request_stub((unsigned short)500, _XPLATSTR("Internal Server Error"), _XPLATSTR("")));
+    });
+
+    auto connection =
+        connection_impl::create(create_uri(), _XPLATSTR(""), trace_level::none, std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>(),
+            std::move(web_request_factory), std::make_unique<test_transport_factory>(websocket_client));
+
+    connection->start()
+        .then([connection]()
+        {
+            return connection->stop();
+        }).get();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("f7707523-307d-4cba-9abf-3eef701241e8"), connection->get_connection_id());
+
+    fail_http_requests = true;
+
+    connection->start()
+        // this test is not set up to connect successfully so we have to observe exceptions otherwise
+        // other tests may fail due to an unobserved exception from the outstanding start task
+        .then([](pplx::task<void> start_task)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                start_task.get();
+            }
+            catch (...)
+            {
+            }
+        }).get();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR(""), connection->get_connection_id());
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/http_sender_tests.cpp b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/http_sender_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0e46b9bfae09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/http_sender_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "cpprest/details/basic_types.h"
+#include "cpprest/asyncrt_utils.h"
+#include "signalrclient/web_exception.h"
+#include "http_sender.h"
+#include "web_request_stub.h"
+#include "test_web_request_factory.h"
+
+TEST(http_sender_get_response, request_sent_using_get_method)
+{
+    utility::string_t response_body{ _XPLATSTR("response body") };
+
+    auto web_request_factory = std::make_unique<test_web_request_factory>([response_body](const web::uri &) -> std::unique_ptr<web_request>
+    {
+        auto request = new web_request_stub((unsigned short)200, _XPLATSTR("OK"), response_body);
+        request->on_get_response = [](web_request_stub& request) { ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("GET"), request.m_method); };
+
+        return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(request);
+    });
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(response_body, http_sender::get(*web_request_factory, _XPLATSTR("url")).get());
+}
+
+TEST(http_sender_get_response, exception_thrown_if_status_code_not_200)
+{
+    utility::string_t response_phrase(_XPLATSTR("Custom Not Found"));
+
+    auto web_request_factory = std::make_unique<test_web_request_factory>([response_phrase](const web::uri &) -> std::unique_ptr<web_request>
+    {
+        return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(new web_request_stub((unsigned short)404, response_phrase));
+    });
+
+    try
+    {
+        http_sender::get(*web_request_factory, _XPLATSTR("url")).get();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const web_exception &e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_EQ(
+            _XPLATSTR("web exception - 404 ") + response_phrase,
+            utility::conversions::to_string_t(e.what()));
+        ASSERT_EQ(404, e.status_code());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(http_sender_get_response, user_agent_set)
+{
+    utility::string_t response_body{ _XPLATSTR("response body") };
+
+    auto web_request_factory = std::make_unique<test_web_request_factory>([response_body](const web::uri &) -> std::unique_ptr<web_request>
+    {
+        auto request = new web_request_stub((unsigned short)200, _XPLATSTR("OK"), response_body);
+        request->on_get_response = [](web_request_stub& request)
+        {
+            ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("SignalR.Client.Cpp/0.1.0-alpha0"), request.m_user_agent_string);
+        };
+
+        return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(request);
+    });
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(response_body, http_sender::get(*web_request_factory, _XPLATSTR("url")).get());
+}
+
+//TEST(http_sender_get_response, headers_set)
+//{
+//    utility::string_t response_body{ _XPLATSTR("response body") };
+//
+//    auto web_request_factory = std::make_unique<test_web_request_factory>([response_body](const web::uri &) -> std::unique_ptr<web_request>
+//    {
+//        auto request = new web_request_stub((unsigned short)200, _XPLATSTR("OK"), response_body);
+//        request->on_get_response = [](web_request_stub& request)
+//        {
+//            auto http_headers = request.m_signalr_client_config.get_http_headers();
+//            ASSERT_EQ(1, http_headers.size());
+//            ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("123"), http_headers[_XPLATSTR("abc")]);
+//        };
+//
+//        return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(request);
+//    });
+//
+//    signalr::signalr_client_config signalr_client_config;
+//    auto http_headers = signalr_client_config.get_http_headers();
+//    http_headers[_XPLATSTR("abc")] = _XPLATSTR("123");
+//    signalr_client_config.set_http_headers(http_headers);
+//
+//    // ensures that web_request.get_response() was invoked
+//    ASSERT_EQ(response_body, http_sender::get(*web_request_factory, _XPLATSTR("url"), signalr_client_config).get());
+//}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/hub_connection_impl_tests.cpp b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/hub_connection_impl_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e57bcd52586a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/hub_connection_impl_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1054 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "test_utils.h"
+#include "test_transport_factory.h"
+#include "test_web_request_factory.h"
+#include "hub_connection_impl.h"
+#include "trace_log_writer.h"
+#include "memory_log_writer.h"
+#include "signalrclient/hub_exception.h"
+#include "signalrclient/signalr_exception.h"
+
+using namespace signalr;
+
+std::shared_ptr<hub_connection_impl> create_hub_connection(std::shared_ptr<websocket_client> websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(),
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> log_writer = std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>(), trace_level trace_level = trace_level::all)
+{
+    return hub_connection_impl::create(create_uri(), _XPLATSTR(""), trace_level, log_writer, /*use_default_url*/true,
+        create_test_web_request_factory(), std::make_unique<test_transport_factory>(websocket_client));
+}
+
+TEST(url, signalr_appended_to_url_if_use_default_url_true)
+{
+    utility::string_t base_urls[] = { _XPLATSTR("http://fakeuri"), _XPLATSTR("http://fakeuri/") };
+
+    for (const auto& base_url : base_urls)
+    {
+        web::uri requested_url;
+        auto web_request_factory = std::make_unique<test_web_request_factory>([&requested_url](const web::uri &url)
+        {
+            requested_url = url;
+            return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(new web_request_stub((unsigned short)404, _XPLATSTR("Bad request"), _XPLATSTR("")));
+        });
+
+        auto hub_connection = hub_connection_impl::create(base_url, _XPLATSTR(""), trace_level::none,
+            std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>(), /*use_default_url:*/ true, std::move(web_request_factory),
+            std::make_unique<test_transport_factory>(create_test_websocket_client()));
+
+        try
+        {
+            hub_connection->start().get();
+        }
+        catch (const std::exception&) { }
+
+        ASSERT_EQ(web::uri(_XPLATSTR("http://fakeuri/signalr/negotiate?clientProtocol=1.4")), requested_url);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(url, signalr_not_appended_to_url_if_use_default_url_false)
+{
+    utility::string_t base_urls[] = { _XPLATSTR("http://fakeuri"), _XPLATSTR("http://fakeuri/") };
+
+    for (const auto& base_url : base_urls)
+    {
+        web::uri requested_url;
+        auto web_request_factory = std::make_unique<test_web_request_factory>([&requested_url](const web::uri &url)
+        {
+            requested_url = url;
+            return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(new web_request_stub((unsigned short)404, _XPLATSTR("Bad request"), _XPLATSTR("")));
+        });
+
+        auto hub_connection = hub_connection_impl::create(base_url, _XPLATSTR(""), trace_level::none,
+            std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>(), /*use_default_url:*/ false, std::move(web_request_factory),
+            std::make_unique<test_transport_factory>(create_test_websocket_client()));
+
+        try
+        {
+            hub_connection->start().get();
+        }
+        catch (const std::exception&) {}
+
+        ASSERT_EQ(web::uri(_XPLATSTR("http://fakeuri/negotiate?clientProtocol=1.4")), requested_url);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(start, start_starts_connection)
+{
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); });
+    auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client);
+
+    hub_connection->start().get();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(connection_state::connected, hub_connection->get_connection_state());
+}
+
+TEST(start, start_sets_connection_data)
+{
+    web::uri requested_url;
+    auto web_request_factory = std::make_unique<test_web_request_factory>([&requested_url](const web::uri &url)
+    {
+        requested_url = url;
+        return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(new web_request_stub((unsigned short)404, _XPLATSTR("Bad request"), _XPLATSTR("")));
+    });
+
+    auto hub_connection = hub_connection_impl::create(create_uri(), _XPLATSTR(""), trace_level::none,
+        std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>(), /*use_default_url:*/ true, std::move(web_request_factory),
+        std::make_unique<test_transport_factory>(create_test_websocket_client()));
+
+    try
+    {
+        hub_connection->start().get();
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(
+        requested_url == web::uri(create_uri().append(_XPLATSTR("/signalr/negotiate?clientProtocol=1.4&connectionData=%5B%7B%22Name%22:%22my_hub%22%7D,%7B%22Name%22:%22your_hub%22%7D%5D"))) ||
+        requested_url == web::uri(create_uri().append(_XPLATSTR("/signalr/negotiate?clientProtocol=1.4&connectionData=%5B%7B%22Name%22:%22your_hub%22%7D,%7B%22Name%22:%22my_hub%22%7D%5D"))));
+}
+
+TEST(start, start_logs_if_no_hub_proxies_exist_for_hub_connection)
+{
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); });
+    auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::info);
+
+    hub_connection->start().get();
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(log_entries.empty());
+
+    auto entry = remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[info        ] no hub proxies exist for this hub connection\n"), entry);
+}
+
+TEST(stop, stop_stops_connection)
+{
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); });
+    auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client);
+
+    hub_connection->start().get();
+    hub_connection->stop().get();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(connection_state::disconnected, hub_connection->get_connection_state());
+}
+
+TEST(stop, disconnected_callback_called_when_hub_connection_stops)
+{
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); });
+    auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client);
+
+    auto disconnected_invoked = false;
+    hub_connection->set_disconnected([&disconnected_invoked]() { disconnected_invoked = true; });
+
+    hub_connection->start().get();
+    hub_connection->stop().get();
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(disconnected_invoked);
+}
+
+TEST(stop, connection_stopped_when_going_out_of_scope)
+{
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+
+    {
+        auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+            /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); });
+        auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::state_changes);
+
+        hub_connection->start().get();
+    }
+
+    auto memory_writer = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer);
+
+    // The underlying connection_impl will be destroyed when the last reference to shared_ptr holding is released. This can happen
+    // on a different thread in which case the dtor will be invoked on a different thread so we need to wait for this
+    // to happen and if it does not the test will fail. There is nothing we can block on.
+    for (int wait_time_ms = 5; wait_time_ms < 100 && memory_writer->get_log_entries().size() < 4; wait_time_ms <<= 1)
+    {
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(wait_time_ms));
+    }
+
+    auto log_entries = memory_writer->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_EQ(4, log_entries.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnected -> connecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connecting -> connected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[1]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] connected -> disconnecting\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[2]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[state change] disconnecting -> disconnected\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[3]));
+}
+
+TEST(stop, stop_cancels_pending_callbacks)
+{
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number]()
+        mutable {
+        std::string responses[]
+        {
+            "{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+            "{}"
+        };
+
+        if (call_number < 1)
+        {
+            call_number++;
+        }
+
+        return pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+    });
+
+    auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client);
+    hub_connection->start().get();
+    auto t = hub_connection->invoke_void(_XPLATSTR("method"), json::value::array());
+    hub_connection->stop();
+
+    try
+    {
+        t.get();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception expected but not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const signalr_exception& e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_STREQ("\"connection was stopped before invocation result was received\"", e.what());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(stop, pending_callbacks_finished_if_hub_connections_goes_out_of_scope)
+{
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number]()
+        mutable {
+        std::string responses[]
+        {
+            "{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+            "{}"
+        };
+
+        if (call_number < 1)
+        {
+            call_number++;
+        }
+
+        return pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+    });
+
+    pplx::task<void> t;
+
+    {
+        auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client);
+        hub_connection->start().get();
+        t = hub_connection->invoke_void(_XPLATSTR("method"), json::value::array());
+    }
+
+    try
+    {
+        t.get();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception expected but not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const signalr_exception& e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_STREQ("\"connection went out of scope before invocation result was received\"", e.what());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(hub_invocation, hub_connection_invokes_users_code_on_hub_invocations)
+{
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number]()
+    mutable {
+        std::string responses[]
+        {
+            "{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+            "{ \"C\":\"d- F430FB19\", \"M\" : [{\"H\":\"my_HUB\", \"M\":\"BROADcast\", \"A\" : [\"message\", 1]}] }",
+            "{}"
+        };
+
+        call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 2);
+
+        return pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+    });
+
+    auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client);
+
+    auto payload = std::make_shared<utility::string_t>();
+    auto on_broadcast_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+    hub_connection->on(_XPLATSTR("broadCAST"), [on_broadcast_event, payload](const json::value& message)
+    {
+        *payload = message.serialize();
+        on_broadcast_event->set();
+    });
+
+    hub_connection->start().get();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(on_broadcast_event->wait(5000));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[\"message\",1]"), *payload);
+}
+
+TEST(hub_invocation, hub_connection_discards_persistent_connection_message_primitive_value)
+{
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number]()
+        mutable {
+        std::string responses[]
+        {
+            "{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+            "{ \"C\":\"d-486F0DF9-BAO,5|BAV,1|BAW,0\", \"M\" : [\"Test\"] }",
+            "{ \"C\":\"d- F430FB19\", \"M\" : [{\"H\":\"my_hub\", \"M\":\"broadcast\", \"A\" : [\"signal event\", 1]}] }",
+            "{}"
+        };
+
+        call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 2);
+
+        return pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+    });
+
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+    auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::info);
+
+    auto on_broadcast_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+    hub_connection->on(_XPLATSTR("broadcast"), [on_broadcast_event](const json::value&)
+    {
+        on_broadcast_event->set();
+    });
+
+    hub_connection->start().get();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(on_broadcast_event->wait(5000));
+
+    auto memory_writer = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer);
+    auto log_entries = memory_writer->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(log_entries.size() >= 1);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[info        ] non-hub message received and will be discarded. message: \"Test\"\n"),
+        remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[1]));
+}
+
+TEST(hub_invocation, hub_connection_invokes_persistent_connection_message_object)
+{
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number]()
+        mutable {
+        std::string responses[]
+        {
+            "{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+            "{ \"C\":\"d-486F0DF9-BAO,5|BAV,1|BAW,0\", \"M\" : [{\"Name\": \"Test\"}] }",
+            "{ \"C\":\"d- F430FB19\", \"M\" : [{\"H\":\"my_hub\", \"M\":\"broadcast\", \"A\" : [\"signal event\", 1]}] }",
+            "{}"
+        };
+
+        call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 2);
+
+        return pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+    });
+
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+    auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::info);
+
+    auto on_broadcast_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+    hub_connection->on(_XPLATSTR("broadcast"), [on_broadcast_event](const json::value&)
+    {
+        on_broadcast_event->set();
+    });
+
+    hub_connection->start().get();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(on_broadcast_event->wait(5000));
+
+    auto memory_writer = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer);
+    auto log_entries = memory_writer->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(log_entries.size() >= 1);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[info        ] non-hub message received and will be discarded. message: {\"Name\":\"Test\"}\n"),
+        remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[1]));
+}
+
+TEST(invoke, invoke_creates_correct_payload)
+{
+    utility::string_t payload;
+
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); },
+        /* send function */[&payload](const utility::string_t& m)
+        {
+            payload = m;
+            return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(std::runtime_error("error"));
+        });
+
+    auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client);
+    hub_connection->start().get();
+
+    try
+    {
+        hub_connection->invoke_void(_XPLATSTR("method"), json::value::array()).get();
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        // the send is not setup to succeed because it's not needed in this test
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("{\"A\":[],\"H\":\"my_hub\",\"I\":\"0\",\"M\":\"method\"}"), payload);
+}
+
+TEST(invoke, callback_not_called_if_send_throws)
+{
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); },
+        /* send function */[](const utility::string_t&) { return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(std::runtime_error("error")); });
+
+    auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client);
+    hub_connection->start().get();
+
+    try
+    {
+        hub_connection->invoke_void(_XPLATSTR("method"), json::value::array()).get();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception expected but not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const std::runtime_error& e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_STREQ("error", e.what());
+    }
+
+    // stop completes all outstanting callbacks so if we did not remove a callback when `invoke_void` failed an
+    // unobserved exception exception would be thrown. Note that this would happen on a different thread and would
+    // crash the process
+    hub_connection->stop().get();
+}
+
+TEST(hub_invocation, hub_connection_logs_if_no_hub_for_invocation)
+{
+    int call_number = -1;
+
+    auto done_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number, done_event]()
+        mutable {
+        std::string responses[]
+        {
+            "{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+            "{ \"C\":\"d- F430FB19\", \"M\" : [{\"H\":\"my_hub\", \"M\":\"broadcast\", \"A\" : [\"message\", 1]}] }",
+            "{}"
+        };
+
+        call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 2);
+
+        if (call_number == 2)
+        {
+            done_event->set();
+        }
+
+        return pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+    });
+
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+    auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::info);
+
+    auto payload = std::make_shared<utility::string_t>();
+
+    hub_connection->start().get();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(done_event->wait(5000));
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(log_entries.size() > 2);
+    auto entry = remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[2]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[info        ] no proxy found for hub invocation. hub: my_hub, method: broadcast\n"), entry);
+}
+
+TEST(invoke_json, invoke_returns_value_returned_from_the_server)
+{
+    auto callback_registered_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number, callback_registered_event]()
+        mutable {
+        std::string responses[]
+        {
+            "{\"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+            "{\"C\":\"x\", \"G\":\"gr0\", \"M\":[]}",
+            "{\"I\":\"0\", \"R\":\"abc\"}",
+            "{}"
+        };
+
+        call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 3);
+
+        if (call_number > 0)
+        {
+            callback_registered_event->wait();
+        }
+
+        return pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+    });
+
+    auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client);
+    auto result = hub_connection->start()
+        .then([hub_connection, callback_registered_event]()
+        {
+            auto t = hub_connection->invoke_json(_XPLATSTR("method"), json::value::array());
+            callback_registered_event->set();
+            return t;
+        }).get();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("\"abc\""), result.serialize());
+}
+
+TEST(invoke_json, invoke_propagates_errors_from_server_as_exceptions)
+{
+    auto callback_registered_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number, callback_registered_event]()
+        mutable {
+        std::string responses[]
+        {
+            "{\"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+            "{\"I\":\"0\", \"E\" : \"Ooops\"}",
+            "{}"
+        };
+
+        call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 2);
+
+        if (call_number > 0)
+        {
+            callback_registered_event->wait();
+        }
+
+        return pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+    });
+
+    auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client);
+    try
+    {
+        hub_connection->start()
+            .then([hub_connection, callback_registered_event]()
+        {
+            auto t = hub_connection->invoke_json(_XPLATSTR("method"), json::value::array());
+            callback_registered_event->set();
+            return t;
+        }).get();
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception expected but not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const std::runtime_error& e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_STREQ("\"Ooops\"", e.what());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(invoke_json, invoke_propagates_hub_errors_from_server_as_hub_exceptions)
+{
+    auto callback_registered_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number, callback_registered_event]()
+        mutable {
+        std::string responses[]
+        {
+            "{\"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+            "{\"I\":\"0\", \"E\" : \"Ooops\", \"H\": true, \"D\": { \"ErrorNumber\" : 42 }}",
+            "{}"
+        };
+
+        call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 2);
+
+        if (call_number > 0)
+        {
+            callback_registered_event->wait();
+        }
+
+        return pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+    });
+
+    auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client);
+    try
+    {
+        hub_connection->start()
+            .then([hub_connection, callback_registered_event]()
+        {
+            auto t = hub_connection->invoke_json(_XPLATSTR("method"), json::value::array());
+            callback_registered_event->set();
+            return t;
+        }).get();
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception expected but not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const hub_exception& e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_STREQ("\"Ooops\"", e.what());
+        ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("{\"ErrorNumber\":42}"), e.error_data().serialize());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(invoke_void, invoke_unblocks_task_when_server_completes_call)
+{
+    auto callback_registered_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number, callback_registered_event]()
+        mutable {
+        std::string responses[]
+        {
+            "{\"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+            "{\"I\":\"0\"}",
+            "{}"
+        };
+
+        call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 2);
+
+        if (call_number > 0)
+        {
+            callback_registered_event->wait();
+        }
+
+        return pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+    });
+
+    auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client);
+    hub_connection->start()
+        .then([hub_connection, callback_registered_event]()
+    {
+        auto t = hub_connection->invoke_void(_XPLATSTR("method"), json::value::array());
+        callback_registered_event->set();
+        return t;
+    }).get();
+
+    // should not block
+    ASSERT_TRUE(true);
+}
+
+TEST(invoke_void, invoke_logs_if_callback_for_given_id_not_found)
+{
+    auto message_received_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number, message_received_event]()
+        mutable {
+        std::string responses[]
+        {
+            "{\"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+            "{\"I\":\"not tracked\"}",
+            "{}"
+        };
+
+        call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 2);
+
+        if (call_number > 1)
+        {
+            message_received_event->set();
+        }
+
+        return pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+    });
+
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+    auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client, writer, trace_level::info);
+    hub_connection->start().get();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(message_received_event->wait(5000));
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(log_entries.size() > 1);
+
+    auto entry = remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[2]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[info        ] no callback found for id: not tracked\n"), entry);
+}
+
+TEST(invoke_void, invoke_propagates_errors_from_server_as_exceptions)
+{
+    auto callback_registered_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number, callback_registered_event]()
+        mutable {
+        std::string responses[]
+        {
+            "{\"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+            "{\"I\":\"0\", \"E\" : \"Ooops\"}",
+            "{}"
+        };
+
+        call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 2);
+
+        if (call_number > 0)
+        {
+            callback_registered_event->wait();
+        }
+
+        return pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+    });
+
+    auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client);
+    try
+    {
+        hub_connection->start()
+            .then([hub_connection, callback_registered_event]()
+        {
+            auto t = hub_connection->invoke_void(_XPLATSTR("method"), json::value::array());
+            callback_registered_event->set();
+            return t;
+        }).get();
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception expected but not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const std::runtime_error& e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_STREQ("\"Ooops\"", e.what());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(invoke_void, invoke_propagates_hub_errors_from_server_as_hub_exceptions)
+{
+    auto callback_registered_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number, callback_registered_event]()
+        mutable {
+        std::string responses[]
+        {
+            "{\"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+            "{\"I\":\"0\", \"E\" : \"Ooops\", \"H\": true, \"D\": { \"ErrorNumber\" : 42 }}",
+            "{}"
+        };
+
+        call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 2);
+
+        if (call_number > 0)
+        {
+            callback_registered_event->wait();
+        }
+
+        return pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+    });
+
+    auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client);
+    try
+    {
+        hub_connection->start()
+            .then([hub_connection, callback_registered_event]()
+        {
+            auto t = hub_connection->invoke_void(_XPLATSTR("method"), json::value::array());
+            callback_registered_event->set();
+            return t;
+        }).get();
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception expected but not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const hub_exception& e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_STREQ("\"Ooops\"", e.what());
+        ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("{\"ErrorNumber\":42}"), e.error_data().serialize());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(invoke_void, invoke_creates_hub_exception_even_if_no_error_data)
+{
+    auto callback_registered_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number, callback_registered_event]()
+        mutable {
+        std::string responses[]
+        {
+            "{\"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+            "{\"I\":\"0\", \"E\" : \"Ooops\", \"H\": true }",
+            "{}"
+        };
+
+        call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 2);
+
+        if (call_number > 0)
+        {
+            callback_registered_event->wait();
+        }
+
+        return pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+    });
+
+    auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client);
+    try
+    {
+        hub_connection->start()
+            .then([hub_connection, callback_registered_event]()
+        {
+            auto t = hub_connection->invoke_void(_XPLATSTR("method"), json::value::array());
+            callback_registered_event->set();
+            return t;
+        }).get();
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception expected but not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const hub_exception& e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_STREQ("\"Ooops\"", e.what());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(e.error_data().is_null());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(invoke_void, invoke_creates_runtime_error_when_hub_exception_indicator_false)
+{
+    auto callback_registered_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number, callback_registered_event]()
+        mutable {
+        std::string responses[]
+        {
+            "{\"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+            "{\"I\":\"0\", \"E\" : \"Ooops\", \"H\": false }",
+            "{}"
+        };
+
+        call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 2);
+
+        if (call_number > 0)
+        {
+            callback_registered_event->wait();
+        }
+
+        return pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+    });
+
+    auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client);
+    try
+    {
+        hub_connection->start()
+            .then([hub_connection, callback_registered_event]()
+        {
+            auto t = hub_connection->invoke_void(_XPLATSTR("method"), json::value::array());
+            callback_registered_event->set();
+            return t;
+        }).get();
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception expected but not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const signalr_exception& e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_STREQ("\"Ooops\"", e.what());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(dynamic_cast<const hub_exception *>(&e) == nullptr);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(invoke_void, invoke_creates_runtime_error_even_if_hub_exception_indicator_exists_but_not_bool)
+{
+    auto callback_registered_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number, callback_registered_event]()
+        mutable {
+        std::string responses[]
+        {
+            "{\"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+            "{\"I\":\"0\", \"E\" : \"Ooops\", \"H\": 42 }",
+            "{}"
+        };
+
+        call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 2);
+
+        if (call_number > 0)
+        {
+            callback_registered_event->wait();
+        }
+
+        return pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+    });
+
+    auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client);
+    try
+    {
+        hub_connection->start()
+            .then([hub_connection, callback_registered_event]()
+        {
+            auto t = hub_connection->invoke_void(_XPLATSTR("method"), json::value::array());
+            callback_registered_event->set();
+            return t;
+        }).get();
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception expected but not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const signalr_exception& e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_STREQ("\"Ooops\"", e.what());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(dynamic_cast<const hub_exception *>(&e) == nullptr);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(reconnect, pending_invocations_finished_if_connection_lost)
+{
+    auto message_sent_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+
+    auto init_sent = false;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [init_sent, message_sent_event]() mutable
+        {
+            if(init_sent)
+            {
+                message_sent_event->wait();
+                return pplx::task_from_exception<std::string>(std::runtime_error("connection exception"));
+            }
+
+            init_sent = true;
+            return pplx::task_from_result<std::string>("{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }");
+        },
+        /* send function */ [](const utility::string_t){ return pplx::task_from_result(); },
+        /* connect function */[](const web::uri& url)
+        {
+            if (url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/reconnect"))
+            {
+                return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(std::runtime_error("reconnect rejected"));
+            }
+
+            return pplx::task_from_result();
+        });
+
+    auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client);
+
+    auto test_completed_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+    hub_connection->start()
+        .then([hub_connection, message_sent_event, test_completed_event]()
+        {
+            auto invoke_task = hub_connection->invoke_void(_XPLATSTR("TestMethod"), json::value::array())
+                .then([test_completed_event, hub_connection](pplx::task<void> invoke_void_task)
+                {
+                    try
+                    {
+                        invoke_void_task.get();
+                        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception expected but not thrown
+                    }
+                    catch (const std::exception& e)
+                    {
+                        ASSERT_STREQ("\"connection has been lost\"", e.what());
+                    }
+                });
+
+            message_sent_event->set();
+
+            return invoke_task;
+        }).get();
+}
+
+TEST(reconnect, pending_invocations_finished_and_custom_reconnecting_callback_invoked_if_connection_lost)
+{
+    auto message_sent_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+
+    auto init_sent = false;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [init_sent, message_sent_event]() mutable
+        {
+            if (init_sent)
+            {
+                message_sent_event->wait();
+                return pplx::task_from_exception<std::string>(std::runtime_error("connection exception"));
+            }
+
+            init_sent = true;
+            return pplx::task_from_result<std::string>("{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }");
+        },
+        /* send function */ [](const utility::string_t){ return pplx::task_from_result(); },
+        /* connect function */[](const web::uri& url)
+        {
+            if (url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/reconnect"))
+            {
+                return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(std::runtime_error("reconnect rejected"));
+            }
+
+            return pplx::task_from_result();
+        });
+
+    auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client);
+    auto reconnecting_invoked_event = std::make_shared<event >();
+    hub_connection->set_reconnecting([reconnecting_invoked_event](){ reconnecting_invoked_event->set(); });
+
+    hub_connection->start()
+        .then([hub_connection, message_sent_event]()
+        {
+            auto invoke_task = hub_connection->invoke_void(_XPLATSTR("TestMethod"), json::value::array())
+                .then([hub_connection](pplx::task<void> invoke_void_task)
+                {
+                    try
+                    {
+                        invoke_void_task.get();
+                        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception expected but not thrown
+                    }
+                    catch (const std::exception& e)
+                    {
+                        ASSERT_STREQ("\"connection has been lost\"", e.what());
+                    }
+                });
+
+            message_sent_event->set();
+
+            return invoke_task;
+        }).get();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(reconnecting_invoked_event->wait(5000));
+}
+
+TEST(reconnect, reconnecting_reconnected_callbacks_invoked)
+{
+    int call_number = -1;
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ [call_number]() mutable
+    {
+        std::string responses[]
+        {
+            "{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }",
+                "{}",
+                "{}",
+                "{}"
+        };
+
+        call_number = std::min(call_number + 1, 3);
+
+        return call_number == 2
+            ? pplx::task_from_exception<std::string>(std::runtime_error("connection exception"))
+            : pplx::task_from_result(responses[call_number]);
+    });
+
+    auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client);
+
+    auto reconnecting_invoked = false;
+    hub_connection->set_reconnecting([&reconnecting_invoked](){ reconnecting_invoked = true; });
+    auto reconnected_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+    hub_connection->set_reconnected([reconnected_event]() { reconnected_event->set(); });
+
+    hub_connection->start();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(reconnected_event->wait(5000));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(reconnecting_invoked);
+
+}
+
+TEST(connection_id, can_get_connection_id)
+{
+    auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+        /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); });
+    auto hub_connection = create_hub_connection(websocket_client);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR(""), hub_connection->get_connection_id());
+
+    hub_connection->start().get();
+    auto connection_id = hub_connection->get_connection_id();
+    hub_connection->stop().get();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("f7707523-307d-4cba-9abf-3eef701241e8"), connection_id);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("f7707523-307d-4cba-9abf-3eef701241e8"), hub_connection->get_connection_id());
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/hub_exception_tests.cpp b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/hub_exception_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6cf055a119aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/hub_exception_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "signalrclient/hub_exception.h"
+
+using namespace signalr;
+
+TEST(hub_exception_initialization, hub_exception_initialized_correctly)
+{
+    auto error_data = web::json::value::parse(_XPLATSTR("{\"SomeData\" : 42 }"));
+
+    auto e = hub_exception{ _XPLATSTR("error"), error_data };
+
+    ASSERT_STREQ("error", e.what());
+    ASSERT_EQ(error_data.serialize(), e.error_data().serialize());
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/internal_hub_proxy_tests.cpp b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/internal_hub_proxy_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7cdbe3fa3e7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/internal_hub_proxy_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "trace_log_writer.h"
+#include "test_utils.h"
+#include "memory_log_writer.h"
+#include "test_transport_factory.h"
+#include "hub_connection_impl.h"
+#include "signalrclient/signalr_exception.h"
+#include "signalrclient/hub_connection.h"
+
+using namespace signalr;
+
+TEST(on, event_name_must_not_be_empty_string)
+{
+    hub_connection hub_connection{ _XPLATSTR("") };
+    try
+    {
+        hub_connection.on(_XPLATSTR(""), [](const json::value&){});
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception expected but not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const std::invalid_argument& e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_STREQ("event_name cannot be empty", e.what());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(on, cannot_register_multiple_handlers_for_event)
+{
+    hub_connection hub_connection{ _XPLATSTR("") };
+    hub_connection.on(_XPLATSTR("ping"), [](const json::value&){});
+
+    try
+    {
+        hub_connection.on(_XPLATSTR("ping"), [](const json::value&){});
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception expected but not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const signalr_exception& e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_STREQ("an action for this event has already been registered. event name: ping", e.what());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(on, cannot_register_handler_if_connection_not_in_disconnected_state)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        auto websocket_client = create_test_websocket_client(
+            /* receive function */ []() { return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("{ \"C\":\"x\", \"S\":1, \"M\":[] }")); });
+        auto hub_connection = hub_connection_impl::create(_XPLATSTR("http://fakeuri"), _XPLATSTR(""), trace_level::all,
+            std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>(), /*use_default_url*/true, create_test_web_request_factory(),
+            std::make_unique<test_transport_factory>(websocket_client));
+
+        hub_connection->start().get();
+
+        hub_connection->on(_XPLATSTR("myfunc"), [](const web::json::value&){});
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception expected but not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const signalr_exception& e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_STREQ("can't register a handler if the connection is in a disconnected state", e.what());
+    }
+}
+
+//TEST(invoke_event, invoke_event_invokes_event_and_passes_arguments)
+//{
+//    const auto payload = _XPLATSTR("{\"Contents\":\"My message\"}");
+//
+//    hub_connection hub_connection{ _XPLATSTR("") };
+//
+//    auto handler_invoked = false;
+//    hub_connection.on(_XPLATSTR("message"), [&handler_invoked, payload](const json::value& arguments)
+//    {
+//        handler_invoked = true;
+//        ASSERT_EQ(payload, arguments.serialize());
+//    });
+//
+//    hub_connection.invoke_event(_XPLATSTR("message"), json::value::parse(payload));
+//
+//    ASSERT_TRUE(handler_invoked);
+//}
+
+//TEST(invoke_event, logs_if_no_handler_for_an_event)
+//{
+//    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+//    internal_hub_proxy hub_proxy{ std::weak_ptr<hub_connection_impl>(), _XPLATSTR("hub"),
+//        logger{ writer, trace_level::info } };
+//    hub_proxy.invoke_event(_XPLATSTR("message"), json::value::parse(_XPLATSTR("{}")));
+//
+//    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+//    ASSERT_FALSE(log_entries.empty());
+//    auto entry = remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]);
+//    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[info        ] no handler found for event. hub name: hub, event name: message\n"), entry);
+//}
+
+TEST(invoke_json, invoke_throws_when_the_underlying_connection_is_not_valid)
+{
+    hub_connection hub_connection{ _XPLATSTR("") };
+
+    try
+    {
+        hub_connection.invoke(_XPLATSTR("method"), web::json::value()).get();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(true); // exception expected but not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const signalr_exception& e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_STREQ("the connection for which this hub proxy was created is no longer valid - it was either destroyed or went out of scope", e.what());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(invoke_void, send_throws_when_the_underlying_connection_is_not_valid)
+{
+    hub_connection hub_connection{ _XPLATSTR("") };
+
+    try
+    {
+        hub_connection.send(_XPLATSTR("method"), web::json::value()).get();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(true); // exception expected but not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const signalr_exception& e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_STREQ("the connection for which this hub proxy was created is no longer valid - it was either destroyed or went out of scope", e.what());
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/logger_tests.cpp b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/logger_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..04310ff50270
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/logger_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "test_utils.h"
+#include "cpprest/asyncrt_utils.h"
+#include "trace_log_writer.h"
+#include "logger.h"
+#include "memory_log_writer.h"
+
+using namespace signalr;
+TEST(logger_write, entry_added_if_trace_level_set)
+{
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+
+    logger l(writer, trace_level::messages);
+    l.log(trace_level::messages, _XPLATSTR("message"));
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, log_entries.size());
+}
+
+TEST(logger_write, entry_not_added_if_trace_level_not_set)
+{
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+
+    logger l(writer, trace_level::messages);
+    l.log(trace_level::events, _XPLATSTR("event"));
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(log_entries.empty());
+}
+
+TEST(logger_write, entries_added_for_combined_trace_level)
+{
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+
+    logger l(writer, trace_level::messages | trace_level::state_changes | trace_level::events | trace_level::errors | trace_level::info);
+    l.log(trace_level::messages, _XPLATSTR("message"));
+    l.log(trace_level::events, _XPLATSTR("event"));
+    l.log(trace_level::state_changes, _XPLATSTR("state_change"));
+    l.log(trace_level::errors, _XPLATSTR("error"));
+    l.log(trace_level::info, _XPLATSTR("info"));
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(5, log_entries.size());
+}
+
+TEST(logger_write, entries_formatted_correctly)
+{
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+
+    logger l(writer, trace_level::all);
+    l.log(trace_level::messages, _XPLATSTR("message"));
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(log_entries.empty());
+
+    auto entry = log_entries[0];
+
+    auto date_str = entry.substr(0, entry.find_first_of(_XPLATSTR("Z")) + 1);
+    auto date = utility::datetime::from_string(date_str, utility::datetime::ISO_8601);
+    ASSERT_EQ(date_str, date.to_string(utility::datetime::ISO_8601));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[message     ] message\n"), remove_date_from_log_entry(entry));
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/memory_log_writer.cpp b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/memory_log_writer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dad3999d5958
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/memory_log_writer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in t
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "memory_log_writer.h"
+
+void memory_log_writer::write(const utility::string_t& entry)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_entries_lock);
+    m_log_entries.push_back(entry);
+}
+
+std::vector<utility::string_t> memory_log_writer::get_log_entries()
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_entries_lock);
+    return m_log_entries;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/memory_log_writer.h b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/memory_log_writer.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4af60f9c526d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/memory_log_writer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <mutex>
+#include "signalrclient/log_writer.h"
+
+using namespace signalr;
+
+class memory_log_writer : public log_writer
+{
+public:
+    void __cdecl write(const utility::string_t &entry) override;
+    std::vector<utility::string_t> get_log_entries();
+
+private:
+    std::vector<utility::string_t> m_log_entries;
+    std::mutex m_entries_lock;
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/request_sender_tests.cpp b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/request_sender_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..06936b71a80d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/request_sender_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "cpprest/details/basic_types.h"
+#include "signalrclient/web_exception.h"
+#include "request_sender.h"
+#include "web_request_stub.h"
+#include "test_web_request_factory.h"
+#include "signalrclient/signalr_exception.h"
+
+using namespace signalr;
+
+TEST(request_sender_negotiate, request_created_with_correct_url)
+{
+    web::uri requested_url;
+    auto request_factory = test_web_request_factory([&requested_url](const web::uri &url) -> std::unique_ptr<web_request>
+    {
+        utility::string_t response_body(
+            _XPLATSTR("{\"Url\":\"/signalr\", \"ConnectionToken\" : \"A==\", \"ConnectionId\" : \"f7707523-307d-4cba-9abf-3eef701241e8\", ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"KeepAliveTimeout\" : 20.0, \"DisconnectTimeout\" : 30.0, \"ConnectionTimeout\" : 110.0, \"TryWebSockets\" : true, ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"ProtocolVersion\" : \"1.4\", \"TransportConnectTimeout\" : 5.0, \"LongPollDelay\" : 0.0}"));
+
+        requested_url = url;
+        return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(new web_request_stub((unsigned short)200, _XPLATSTR("OK"), response_body));
+    });
+
+    request_sender::negotiate(request_factory, web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr") }, _XPLATSTR("")).get();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(web::uri(_XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/negotiate?clientProtocol=1.4&connectionData=data")), requested_url);
+}
+
+TEST(request_sender_negotiate, negotiation_request_sent_and_response_serialized)
+{
+    auto request_factory = test_web_request_factory([](const web::uri&) -> std::unique_ptr<web_request>
+    {
+        utility::string_t response_body(
+            _XPLATSTR("{\"Invocation\" : \"f7707523-307d-4cba-9abf-3eef701241e8\", ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"KeepAliveTimeout\" : 20.0, \"DisconnectTimeout\" : 30.0, \"ConnectionTimeout\" : 110.0, \"TryWebSockets\" : true, ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"ProtocolVersion\" : \"1.4\", \"TransportConnectTimeout\" : 5.5, \"LongPollDelay\" : 0.0}"));
+
+        return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(new web_request_stub((unsigned short)200, _XPLATSTR("OK"), response_body));
+    });
+
+    auto response = request_sender::negotiate(request_factory, web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr") }, _XPLATSTR("")).get();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("f7707523-307d-4cba-9abf-3eef701241e8"), response.connection_id);
+    // TODO: response.availableTransports
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/signalrclienttests.cpp b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/signalrclienttests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6449644e2a63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/signalrclienttests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+int wmain(int argc, wchar_t* argv[])
+#else
+int main(int argc, char* argv[])
+#endif
+{
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/stdafx.cpp b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/stdafx.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bd7a85614cfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/stdafx.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/stdafx.h b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/stdafx.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..59e3b5ec7c98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/stdafx.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+// prevents from defining min/max macros that conflict with std::min()/std::max() functions
+#define NOMINMAX
+#endif
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "../../src/signalrclient/event.h"
+#include "../../src/signalrclient/make_unique.h"
+#include <thread>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/targetver.h b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/targetver.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..742612c0c0cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/targetver.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <SDKDDKVer.h>
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/test_transport_factory.cpp b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/test_transport_factory.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cddd6a5a440a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/test_transport_factory.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "test_transport_factory.h"
+#include "websocket_transport.h"
+
+test_transport_factory::test_transport_factory(const std::shared_ptr<websocket_client>& websocket_client)
+    : m_websocket_client(websocket_client)
+{ }
+
+std::shared_ptr<transport> test_transport_factory::create_transport(transport_type transport_type, const logger& logger,
+    const signalr_client_config&, std::function<void(const utility::string_t&)> process_message_callback,
+    std::function<void(const std::exception&)> error_callback)
+{
+    if (transport_type == signalr::transport_type::websockets)
+    {
+        return websocket_transport::create([&](){ return m_websocket_client; }, logger, process_message_callback, error_callback);
+    }
+
+    throw std::runtime_error("not supported");
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/test_transport_factory.h b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/test_transport_factory.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a557e5e7879c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/test_transport_factory.h
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "transport_factory.h"
+#include "websocket_client.h"
+
+using namespace signalr;
+
+class test_transport_factory : public transport_factory
+{
+public:
+    test_transport_factory(const std::shared_ptr<websocket_client>& websocket_client);
+
+    std::shared_ptr<transport> create_transport(transport_type transport_type, const logger& logger,
+        const signalr_client_config& signalr_client_config,
+        std::function<void(const utility::string_t&)> process_message_callback,
+        std::function<void(const std::exception&)> error_callback) override;
+
+private:
+    std::shared_ptr<websocket_client> m_websocket_client;
+};
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/test_utils.cpp b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/test_utils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3070c1fb2d97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/test_utils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "test_utils.h"
+#include "test_websocket_client.h"
+#include "test_web_request_factory.h"
+
+using namespace signalr;
+
+utility::string_t remove_date_from_log_entry(const utility::string_t &log_entry)
+{
+    // dates are ISO 8601 (e.g. `2014-11-13T06:05:29.452066Z`)
+    auto date_end_index = log_entry.find_first_of(_XPLATSTR("Z")) + 1;
+
+    // date is followed by a whitespace hence +1
+    return log_entry.substr(date_end_index + 1);
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<websocket_client> create_test_websocket_client(std::function<pplx::task<std::string>()> receive_function,
+    std::function<pplx::task<void>(const utility::string_t &msg)> send_function,
+    std::function<pplx::task<void>(const web::uri &url)> connect_function,
+    std::function<pplx::task<void>()> close_function)
+{
+    auto websocket_client = std::make_shared<test_websocket_client>();
+    websocket_client->set_receive_function(receive_function);
+    websocket_client->set_send_function(send_function);
+    websocket_client->set_connect_function(connect_function);
+    websocket_client->set_close_function(close_function);
+
+    return websocket_client;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<web_request_factory> create_test_web_request_factory()
+{
+    return std::make_unique<test_web_request_factory>([](const web::uri& url)
+    {
+        auto response_body =
+            url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/negotiate") || url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/signalr/negotiate")
+            ? _XPLATSTR("{\"Url\":\"/signalr\", \"ConnectionToken\" : \"A==\", \"ConnectionId\" : \"f7707523-307d-4cba-9abf-3eef701241e8\", ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"KeepAliveTimeout\" : 20.0, \"DisconnectTimeout\" : 10.0, \"ConnectionTimeout\" : 110.0, \"TryWebSockets\" : true, ")
+            _XPLATSTR("\"ProtocolVersion\" : \"1.4\", \"TransportConnectTimeout\" : 5.0, \"LongPollDelay\" : 0.0}")
+            : url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/start") || url.path() == _XPLATSTR("/signalr/start")
+                ? _XPLATSTR("{\"Response\":\"started\" }")
+                : _XPLATSTR("");
+
+        return std::unique_ptr<web_request>(new web_request_stub((unsigned short)200, _XPLATSTR("OK"), response_body));
+    });
+}
+
+utility::string_t create_uri()
+{
+    auto unit_test = ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance();
+
+    // unit test will be null if this function is not called in a test
+    _ASSERTE(unit_test);
+
+    return utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("http://"))
+        .append(utility::conversions::to_string_t(unit_test->current_test_info()->name()));
+}
+
+std::vector<utility::string_t> filter_vector(const std::vector<utility::string_t>& source, const utility::string_t& string)
+{
+    std::vector<utility::string_t> filtered_entries;
+    std::copy_if(source.begin(), source.end(), std::back_inserter(filtered_entries), [&string](const utility::string_t &e)
+    {
+        return e.find(string) != utility::string_t::npos;
+    });
+    return filtered_entries;
+}
+
+utility::string_t dump_vector(const std::vector<utility::string_t>& source)
+{
+    utility::stringstream_t ss;
+    ss << _XPLATSTR("Number of entries: ") << source.size() << std::endl;
+    for (const auto& e : source)
+    {
+        ss << e;
+        if (e.back() != _XPLATSTR('\n'))
+        {
+            ss << std::endl;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ss.str();
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/test_utils.h b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/test_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3f691185a85b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/test_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "cpprest/details/basic_types.h"
+#include "websocket_client.h"
+#include "web_request_factory.h"
+
+utility::string_t remove_date_from_log_entry(const utility::string_t &log_entry);
+
+std::shared_ptr<signalr::websocket_client> create_test_websocket_client(
+    std::function<pplx::task<std::string>()> receive_function = [](){ return pplx::task_from_result<std::string>(""); },
+    std::function<pplx::task<void>(const utility::string_t &msg)> send_function = [](const utility::string_t msg){ return pplx::task_from_result(); },
+    std::function<pplx::task<void>(const web::uri &url)> connect_function = [](const web::uri &){ return pplx::task_from_result(); },
+    std::function<pplx::task<void>()> close_function = [](){ return pplx::task_from_result(); });
+
+std::unique_ptr<signalr::web_request_factory> create_test_web_request_factory();
+utility::string_t create_uri();
+std::vector<utility::string_t> filter_vector(const std::vector<utility::string_t>& source, const utility::string_t& string);
+utility::string_t dump_vector(const std::vector<utility::string_t>& source);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/test_web_request_factory.cpp b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/test_web_request_factory.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..283d23164aa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/test_web_request_factory.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "test_web_request_factory.h"
+
+using namespace signalr;
+
+test_web_request_factory::test_web_request_factory(std::function<std::unique_ptr<web_request>(const web::uri &url)> create_web_request_fn)
+    : m_create_web_request_fn(create_web_request_fn)
+{ }
+
+std::unique_ptr<web_request> test_web_request_factory::create_web_request(const web::uri &url)
+{
+    return m_create_web_request_fn(url);
+}
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/test_web_request_factory.h b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/test_web_request_factory.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9349cdbbbcda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/test_web_request_factory.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "web_request_factory.h"
+#include "web_request_stub.h"
+
+using namespace signalr;
+
+class test_web_request_factory : public web_request_factory
+{
+public:
+    explicit test_web_request_factory(std::function<std::unique_ptr<web_request>(const web::uri &url)> create_web_request_fn);
+
+    virtual std::unique_ptr<web_request> create_web_request(const web::uri &url) override;
+
+private:
+    std::function<std::unique_ptr<web_request>(const web::uri &url)> m_create_web_request_fn;
+};
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/test_websocket_client.cpp b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/test_websocket_client.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..97fecb043d80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/test_websocket_client.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "test_websocket_client.h"
+
+test_websocket_client::test_websocket_client()
+    : m_connect_function([](const web::uri &){ return pplx::task_from_result(); }),
+    m_send_function ([](const utility::string_t msg){ return pplx::task_from_result(); }),
+    m_receive_function([](){ return pplx::task_from_result<std::string>(""); }),
+    m_close_function([](){ return pplx::task_from_result(); })
+
+{ }
+
+pplx::task<void> test_websocket_client::connect(const web::uri &url)
+{
+    return m_connect_function(url);
+}
+
+pplx::task<void> test_websocket_client::send(const utility::string_t &msg)
+{
+    return m_send_function(msg);
+}
+
+pplx::task<std::string> test_websocket_client::receive()
+{
+    return m_receive_function();
+}
+
+pplx::task<void> test_websocket_client::close()
+{
+    return m_close_function();
+}
+
+void test_websocket_client::set_connect_function(std::function<pplx::task<void>(const web::uri &url)> connect_function)
+{
+    m_connect_function = connect_function;
+}
+
+void test_websocket_client::set_send_function(std::function<pplx::task<void>(const utility::string_t &msg)> send_function)
+{
+    m_send_function = send_function;
+}
+
+void test_websocket_client::set_receive_function(std::function<pplx::task<std::string>()> receive_function)
+{
+    m_receive_function = receive_function;
+}
+
+void test_websocket_client::set_close_function(std::function<pplx::task<void>()> close_function)
+{
+    m_close_function = close_function;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/test_websocket_client.h b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/test_websocket_client.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1d339acc9283
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/test_websocket_client.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <functional>
+#include "websocket_client.h"
+
+using namespace signalr;
+
+class test_websocket_client : public websocket_client
+{
+public:
+    test_websocket_client();
+
+    pplx::task<void> connect(const web::uri &url) override;
+
+    pplx::task<void> send(const utility::string_t& msg) override;
+
+    pplx::task<std::string> receive() override;
+
+    pplx::task<void> close() override;
+
+    void set_connect_function(std::function<pplx::task<void>(const web::uri &url)> connect_function);
+
+    void set_send_function(std::function<pplx::task<void>(const utility::string_t& msg)> send_function);
+
+    void set_receive_function(std::function<pplx::task<std::string>()> receive_function);
+
+    void set_close_function(std::function<pplx::task<void>()> close_function);
+
+private:
+    std::function<pplx::task<void>(const web::uri &url)> m_connect_function;
+
+    std::function<pplx::task<void>(const utility::string_t&)> m_send_function;
+
+    std::function<pplx::task<std::string>()> m_receive_function;
+
+    std::function<pplx::task<void>()> m_close_function;
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/url_builder_tests.cpp b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/url_builder_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d15ce32a56e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/url_builder_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "url_builder.h"
+
+using namespace signalr;
+
+//TEST(url_builder_negotiate, url_correct_if_query_string_empty)
+//{
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("http://fake/negotiate")),
+//        url_builder::build_negotiate(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/") }, _XPLATSTR("")));
+//}
+//
+//TEST(url_builder_negotiate, url_correct_if_query_string_not_empty)
+//{
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/negotiate?q1=1&q2=2")),
+//        url_builder::build_negotiate(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, _XPLATSTR("q1=1&q2=2")));
+//}
+//
+//TEST(url_builder_negotiate, url_correct_if_connection_data_not_empty)
+//{
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/negotiate?clientProtocol=1.4&connectionData=%5B%7B%22Name%22:%22ChatHub%22%7D%5D")),
+//        url_builder::build_negotiate(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, _XPLATSTR("")));
+//}
+//
+//TEST(url_builder_connect_webSockets, url_correct_if_query_string_not_empty)
+//{
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("ws://fake/?q1=1&q2=2")),
+//        url_builder::build_connect(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/") }, transport_type::websockets, _XPLATSTR("q1=1&q2=2")));
+//}
+//
+//TEST(url_builder_reconnect_longPolling, url_correct_if_query_string_empty)
+//{
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/reconnect?transport=longPolling&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection%20token")),
+//        url_builder::build_reconnect(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::long_polling, _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR("")));
+//}
+//
+//TEST(url_builder_reconnect_longPolling, url_correct_if_query_string_not_empty)
+//{
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/reconnect?transport=longPolling&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection-token&q1=1&q2=2")),
+//        url_builder::build_reconnect(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::long_polling, _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR("q1=1&q2=2")));
+//
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/reconnect?transport=longPolling&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection-token&q1=1&q2=2")),
+//        url_builder::build_reconnect(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::long_polling, _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR("&q1=1&q2=2")));
+//}
+//
+//TEST(url_builder_reconnect_webSockets, url_correct_if_query_string_empty)
+//{
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("ws://fake/signalr/reconnect?transport=webSockets&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection%20token")),
+//        url_builder::build_reconnect(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::websockets, _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR("")));
+//
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("wss://fake/signalr/reconnect?transport=webSockets&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection%20token")),
+//        url_builder::build_reconnect(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("https://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::websockets, _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR("")));
+//}
+//
+//TEST(url_builder_reconnect_webSockets, url_correct_if_query_string_not_empty)
+//{
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("ws://fake/signalr/reconnect?transport=webSockets&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection-token&q1=1&q2=2")),
+//        url_builder::build_reconnect(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::websockets, _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR("q1=1&q2=2")));
+//
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("ws://fake/signalr/reconnect?transport=webSockets&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection-token&q1=1&q2=2")),
+//        url_builder::build_reconnect(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::websockets, _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR("&q1=1&q2=2")));
+//
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("wss://fake/signalr/reconnect?transport=webSockets&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection-token&q1=1&q2=2")),
+//        url_builder::build_reconnect(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("https://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::websockets, _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR("q1=1&q2=2")));
+//
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("wss://fake/signalr/reconnect?transport=webSockets&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection-token&q1=1&q2=2")),
+//        url_builder::build_reconnect(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("https://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::websockets, _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR("&q1=1&q2=2")));
+//}
+//
+//TEST(url_builder_reconnect, url_correct_if_connection_data_not_empty)
+//{
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/reconnect?transport=longPolling&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection%20token&connectionData=%5B%7B%22Name%22:%22ChatHub%22%7D%5D")),
+//        url_builder::build_reconnect(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::long_polling, _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR("")));
+//
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("ws://fake/signalr/reconnect?transport=webSockets&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection%20token&connectionData=%5B%7B%22Name%22:%22ChatHub%22%7D%5D")),
+//        url_builder::build_reconnect(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::websockets, _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR("")));
+//}
+//
+//TEST(url_builder_reconnect, url_correct_if_last_message_id_not_empty)
+//{
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/reconnect?transport=longPolling&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection%20token&connectionData=%5B%7B%22Name%22:%22ChatHub%22%7D%5D&messageId=L45T%20M355463_1D")),
+//        url_builder::build_reconnect(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::long_polling,
+//        _XPLATSTR("connection token"), _XPLATSTR("L45T M355463_1D"), _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR("")));
+//
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("ws://fake/signalr/reconnect?transport=webSockets&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection%20token&connectionData=%5B%7B%22Name%22:%22ChatHub%22%7D%5D&messageId=L45T%20M355463_1D")),
+//        url_builder::build_reconnect(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::websockets,
+//        _XPLATSTR("connection token"), _XPLATSTR("L45T M355463_1D"), _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR("")));
+//}
+//
+//TEST(url_builder_reconnect, url_correct_if_groups_token_not_empty)
+//{
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/reconnect?transport=longPolling&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection%20token&connectionData=%5B%7B%22Name%22:%22ChatHub%22%7D%5D&groupsToken=G%207")),
+//        url_builder::build_reconnect(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::long_polling,
+//        _XPLATSTR("connection token"), _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR("G 7"), _XPLATSTR("")));
+//
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("ws://fake/signalr/reconnect?transport=webSockets&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection%20token&connectionData=%5B%7B%22Name%22:%22ChatHub%22%7D%5D&groupsToken=G%207")),
+//        url_builder::build_reconnect(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::websockets,
+//        _XPLATSTR("connection token"), _XPLATSTR(""), _XPLATSTR("G 7"), _XPLATSTR("")));
+//}
+//
+//TEST(url_builder_reconnect, query_string_added_after_message_id_and_groups_token)
+//{
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/reconnect?transport=longPolling&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection%20token&connectionData=%5B%7B%22Name%22:%22ChatHub%22%7D%5D&messageId=L45T_M355463_1D&groupsToken=G7&X")),
+//        url_builder::build_reconnect(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::long_polling,
+//        _XPLATSTR("connection token"), _XPLATSTR("L45T_M355463_1D"), _XPLATSTR("G7"), _XPLATSTR("X")));
+//
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("ws://fake/signalr/reconnect?transport=webSockets&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection%20token&connectionData=%5B%7B%22Name%22:%22ChatHub%22%7D%5D&messageId=L45T_M355463_1D&groupsToken=G7&X")),
+//        url_builder::build_reconnect(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::websockets,
+//        _XPLATSTR("connection token"), _XPLATSTR("L45T_M355463_1D"), _XPLATSTR("G7"), _XPLATSTR("X")));
+//}
+//
+//TEST(url_builder_start, url_correct_if_query_string_empty)
+//{
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/start?transport=longPolling&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection%20token")),
+//        url_builder::build_start(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::long_polling,
+//            _XPLATSTR("connection token"), _XPLATSTR("")));
+//
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/start?transport=webSockets&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection%20token")),
+//        url_builder::build_start(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::websockets,
+//            _XPLATSTR("connection token"), _XPLATSTR("")));
+//}
+//
+//TEST(url_builder_start, url_correct_if_query_string_not_empty)
+//{
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/start?transport=longPolling&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection-token&q1=1&q2=2")),
+//        url_builder::build_start(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::long_polling,
+//            _XPLATSTR("connection-token"), _XPLATSTR("q1=1&q2=2")));
+//
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/start?transport=webSockets&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection-token&q1=1&q2=2")),
+//        url_builder::build_start(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::websockets,
+//            _XPLATSTR("connection-token"), _XPLATSTR("&q1=1&q2=2")));
+//}
+//
+//TEST(url_builder_start, url_correct_if_connection_data_not_empty)
+//{
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/start?transport=longPolling&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection%20token&connectionData=%5B%7B%22Name%22:%22ChatHub%22%7D%5D")),
+//        url_builder::build_start(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::long_polling,
+//        _XPLATSTR("connection token"), _XPLATSTR("")));
+//}
+//
+//TEST(url_builder_abort, url_correct_if_query_string_empty)
+//{
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/abort?transport=longPolling&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection%20token")),
+//        url_builder::build_abort(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::long_polling,
+//        _XPLATSTR("connection token"), _XPLATSTR("")));
+//
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/abort?transport=webSockets&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection%20token")),
+//        url_builder::build_abort(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::websockets,
+//        _XPLATSTR("connection token"), _XPLATSTR("")));
+//}
+//
+//TEST(url_builder_abort, url_correct_if_query_string_not_empty)
+//{
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/abort?transport=longPolling&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection-token&q1=1&q2=2")),
+//        url_builder::build_abort(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::long_polling,
+//            _XPLATSTR("connection-token"), _XPLATSTR("q1=1&q2=2")));
+//
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/abort?transport=webSockets&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection-token&q1=1&q2=2")),
+//        url_builder::build_abort(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::websockets,
+//            _XPLATSTR("connection-token"), _XPLATSTR("&q1=1&q2=2")));
+//}
+//
+//TEST(url_builder_abort, url_correct_if_connection_data_not_empty)
+//{
+//    ASSERT_EQ(
+//        web::uri(_XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/abort?transport=longPolling&clientProtocol=1.4&connectionToken=connection%20token&connectionData=%5B%7B%22Name%22:%22ChatHub%22%7D%5D")),
+//        url_builder::build_abort(web::uri{ _XPLATSTR("http://fake/signalr/") }, transport_type::long_polling,
+//        _XPLATSTR("connection token"), _XPLATSTR("")));
+//}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/web_request_stub.cpp b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/web_request_stub.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3328b4574fa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/web_request_stub.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "web_request_stub.h"
+
+web_request_stub::web_request_stub(unsigned short status_code, const utility::string_t& reason_phrase, const utility::string_t& response_body)
+    : web_request(web::uri(_XPLATSTR(""))), m_status_code(status_code), m_reason_phrase(reason_phrase), m_response_body(response_body)
+{ }
+
+void web_request_stub::set_method(const utility::string_t &method)
+{
+    m_method = method;
+}
+
+void web_request_stub::set_user_agent(const utility::string_t &user_agent_string)
+{
+    m_user_agent_string = user_agent_string;
+}
+
+void web_request_stub::set_client_config(const signalr_client_config& config)
+{
+    m_signalr_client_config = config;
+}
+
+pplx::task<web_response> web_request_stub::get_response()
+{
+    on_get_response(*this);
+
+    return pplx::task_from_result<web_response>(
+        web_response{ m_status_code, m_reason_phrase, pplx::task_from_result<utility::string_t>(m_response_body) });
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/web_request_stub.h b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/web_request_stub.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f15c550e37e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/web_request_stub.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "web_request.h"
+#include "web_response.h"
+
+using namespace signalr;
+
+struct web_request_stub : public web_request
+{
+    unsigned short m_status_code;
+    utility::string_t m_reason_phrase;
+    utility::string_t m_response_body;
+    utility::string_t m_method;
+    utility::string_t m_user_agent_string;
+    signalr_client_config m_signalr_client_config;
+    std::function<void(web_request_stub&)> on_get_response = [](web_request_stub&){};
+
+    web_request_stub(unsigned short status_code, const utility::string_t& reason_phrase, const utility::string_t& response_body = _XPLATSTR(""));
+
+    virtual void set_method(const utility::string_t &method) override;
+    virtual void set_user_agent(const utility::string_t &user_agent_string) override;
+    virtual void set_client_config(const signalr_client_config& client_config) override;
+
+    virtual pplx::task<web_response> get_response() override;
+};
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/web_request_tests.cpp b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/web_request_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9989bb78d5e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/web_request_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "cpprest/http_listener.h"
+#include "web_request.h"
+
+using namespace web;
+using namespace signalr;
+
+TEST(web_request_get_response, sends_request_receives_response)
+{
+    web::uri url(_XPLATSTR("http://localhost:56000/web_request_test"));
+    auto request_received = false;
+    utility::string_t user_agent_string;
+
+    http::experimental::listener::http_listener listener(url);
+    listener.support(http::methods::GET, [&request_received, &user_agent_string](http::http_request request)
+    {
+        request_received = true;
+        user_agent_string = request.headers()[_XPLATSTR("User-Agent")];
+        request.reply(http::status_codes::OK, _XPLATSTR("response"));
+    });
+
+    listener.open()
+        .then([&url]()
+        {
+            web_request request(url);
+            request.set_method(http::methods::GET);
+            request.set_user_agent(_XPLATSTR("007"));
+            request.get_response()
+                .then([](web_response response)
+                {
+                    ASSERT_EQ((unsigned short)200, response.status_code);
+                    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("OK"), response.reason_phrase);
+                    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("response"), response.body.get());
+                }).wait();
+        }).wait();
+
+    listener.close();
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(request_received);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("007"), user_agent_string);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/websocket_transport_tests.cpp b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/websocket_transport_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..281439165f78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/cpp/test/signalrclienttests/websocket_transport_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "test_utils.h"
+#include "trace_log_writer.h"
+#include "test_websocket_client.h"
+#include "websocket_transport.h"
+#include "memory_log_writer.h"
+
+using namespace signalr;
+
+TEST(websocket_transport_connect, connect_connects_and_starts_receive_loop)
+{
+    auto connect_called = false;
+    auto receive_called = std::make_shared<bool>(false);
+    auto client = std::make_shared<test_websocket_client>();
+
+    client->set_connect_function([&connect_called](const web::uri &) -> pplx::task<void>
+    {
+        connect_called = true;
+        return pplx::task_from_result();
+    });
+
+    client->set_receive_function([receive_called]()->pplx::task<std::string>
+    {
+        *receive_called = true;
+        return pplx::task_from_result(std::string(""));
+    });
+
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+
+    auto ws_transport = websocket_transport::create([&](){ return client; }, logger(writer, trace_level::info),
+        [](const utility::string_t&){}, [](const std::exception&){});
+
+    ws_transport->connect(_XPLATSTR("ws://fakeuri.org/connect?param=42")).get();
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(connect_called);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(*receive_called);
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(log_entries.empty());
+
+    auto entry = remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("[info        ] [websocket transport] connecting to: ws://fakeuri.org/connect?param=42\n"), entry);
+}
+
+TEST(websocket_transport_connect, connect_propagates_exceptions)
+{
+    auto client = std::make_shared<test_websocket_client>();
+    client->set_connect_function([](const web::uri &)->pplx::task<void>
+    {
+        return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(web::websockets::client::websocket_exception(_XPLATSTR("connecting failed")));
+    });
+
+    auto ws_transport = websocket_transport::create([&](){ return client; }, logger(std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>(), trace_level::none),
+        [](const utility::string_t&){}, [](const std::exception&){});
+
+    try
+    {
+        ws_transport->connect(_XPLATSTR("ws://fakeuri.org")).get();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const std::exception &e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("connecting failed"), utility::conversions::to_string_t(e.what()));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(websocket_transport_connect, connect_logs_exceptions)
+{
+    auto client = std::make_shared<test_websocket_client>();
+    client->set_connect_function([](const web::uri &) -> pplx::task<void>
+    {
+        return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(web::websockets::client::websocket_exception(_XPLATSTR("connecting failed")));
+    });
+
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+    auto ws_transport = websocket_transport::create([&](){ return client; }, logger(writer, trace_level::errors),
+        [](const utility::string_t&){}, [](const std::exception&){});
+
+    try
+    {
+        ws_transport->connect(_XPLATSTR("ws://fakeuri.org")).wait();
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    { }
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(log_entries.empty());
+
+    auto entry = remove_date_from_log_entry(log_entries[0]);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(
+        _XPLATSTR("[error       ] [websocket transport] exception when connecting to the server: connecting failed\n"),
+        entry);
+}
+
+TEST(websocket_transport_connect, cannot_call_connect_on_already_connected_transport)
+{
+    auto client = std::make_shared<test_websocket_client>();
+    auto ws_transport = websocket_transport::create([&](){ return client; }, logger(std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>(), trace_level::none),
+        [](const utility::string_t&){}, [](const std::exception&){});
+
+    ws_transport->connect(_XPLATSTR("ws://fakeuri.org")).wait();
+
+    try
+    {
+        ws_transport->connect(_XPLATSTR("ws://fakeuri.org")).wait();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false); // exception not thrown
+    }
+    catch (const std::exception &e)
+    {
+        ASSERT_EQ(_XPLATSTR("transport already connected"), utility::conversions::to_string_t(e.what()));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(websocket_transport_connect, can_connect_after_disconnecting)
+{
+    auto client = std::make_shared<test_websocket_client>();
+    auto ws_transport = websocket_transport::create([&](){ return client; }, logger(std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>(), trace_level::none),
+        [](const utility::string_t&){}, [](const std::exception&){});
+
+    ws_transport->connect(_XPLATSTR("ws://fakeuri.org")).get();
+    ws_transport->disconnect().get();
+    ws_transport->connect(_XPLATSTR("ws://fakeuri.org")).get();
+    // shouldn't throw or crash
+}
+
+TEST(websocket_transport_send, send_creates_and_sends_websocket_messages)
+{
+    bool send_called = false;
+
+    auto client = std::make_shared<test_websocket_client>();
+
+    client->set_send_function([&send_called](const utility::string_t&) -> pplx::task<void>
+    {
+        send_called = true;
+        return pplx::task_from_result();
+    });
+
+    auto ws_transport = websocket_transport::create([&](){ return client; }, logger(std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>(), trace_level::none),
+        [](const utility::string_t&){}, [](const std::exception&){});
+
+    ws_transport->connect(_XPLATSTR("ws://url"))
+        .then([ws_transport](){ return ws_transport->send(_XPLATSTR("ABC")); })
+        .wait();
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(send_called);
+}
+
+TEST(websocket_transport_disconnect, disconnect_closes_websocket)
+{
+    bool close_called = false;
+
+    auto client = std::make_shared<test_websocket_client>();
+
+    client->set_close_function([&close_called]() -> pplx::task<void>
+    {
+        close_called = true;
+        return pplx::task_from_result();
+    });
+
+    auto ws_transport = websocket_transport::create([&](){ return client; }, logger(std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>(), trace_level::none),
+        [](const utility::string_t&){}, [](const std::exception&){});
+
+    ws_transport->connect(_XPLATSTR("ws://url"))
+        .then([ws_transport]()
+        {
+            return ws_transport->disconnect();
+        }).get();
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(close_called);
+}
+
+TEST(websocket_transport_disconnect, disconnect_does_not_throw)
+{
+    auto client = std::make_shared<test_websocket_client>();
+
+    bool close_called = false;
+    client->set_close_function([&close_called]() -> pplx::task<void>
+    {
+        close_called = true;
+        return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(std::exception());
+    });
+
+    auto ws_transport = websocket_transport::create([&](){ return client; }, logger(std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>(), trace_level::none),
+        [](const utility::string_t&){}, [](const std::exception&){});
+
+    ws_transport->connect(_XPLATSTR("ws://url"))
+        .then([ws_transport]()
+    {
+        return ws_transport->disconnect();
+    }).get();
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(close_called);
+}
+
+TEST(websocket_transport_disconnect, disconnect_logs_exceptions)
+{
+    auto client = std::make_shared<test_websocket_client>();
+    client->set_close_function([]()->pplx::task<void>
+    {
+        return pplx::task_from_exception<void>(web::websockets::client::websocket_exception(_XPLATSTR("connection closing failed")));
+    });
+
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+
+    auto ws_transport = websocket_transport::create([&](){ return client; }, logger(writer, trace_level::errors),
+        [](const utility::string_t&){}, [](const std::exception&){});
+
+    ws_transport->connect(_XPLATSTR("ws://url"))
+        .then([ws_transport]()
+        {
+            return ws_transport->disconnect();
+        }).get();
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(log_entries.empty());
+
+    // disconnect cancels the receive loop by setting the cancellation token source to cancelled which results in writing
+    // to the log. Exceptions from close are also logged but this happens on a different thread. As a result the order
+    // of messages in the log is not deterministic and therefore we just use the "contains" idiom to find the message.
+    ASSERT_NE(std::find_if(log_entries.begin(), log_entries.end(), [](const utility::string_t& entry)
+        {
+            return remove_date_from_log_entry(entry) ==
+                _XPLATSTR("[error       ] [websocket transport] exception when closing websocket: connection closing failed\n");
+        }),
+        log_entries.end());
+}
+
+TEST(websocket_transport_disconnect, receive_not_called_after_disconnect)
+{
+    auto client = std::make_shared<test_websocket_client>();
+
+    pplx::task_completion_event<std::string> receive_task_tce;
+
+    // receive_task_tce is captured by reference since we assign it a new value after the first disconnect. This is
+    // safe here because we are blocking on disconnect and therefore we won't get into a state were we would be using
+    // an invalid reference because the tce went out of scope and was destroyed.
+    client->set_close_function([&receive_task_tce]()
+    {
+        // unblock receive
+        receive_task_tce.set(std::string(""));
+        return pplx::task_from_result();
+    });
+
+    int num_called = 0;
+
+    client->set_receive_function([&receive_task_tce, &num_called]() -> pplx::task<std::string>
+    {
+        num_called++;
+        return pplx::create_task(receive_task_tce);
+    });
+
+    auto ws_transport = websocket_transport::create([&](){ return client; }, logger(std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>(), trace_level::none),
+        [](const utility::string_t&){}, [](const std::exception&){});
+
+    ws_transport->connect(_XPLATSTR("ws://fakeuri.org")).get();
+    ws_transport->disconnect().get();
+
+    receive_task_tce = pplx::task_completion_event<std::string>();
+    ws_transport->connect(_XPLATSTR("ws://fakeuri.org")).get();
+    ws_transport->disconnect().get();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, num_called);
+}
+
+TEST(websocket_transport_disconnect, disconnect_is_no_op_if_transport_not_started)
+{
+    auto client = std::make_shared<test_websocket_client>();
+
+    auto close_called = false;
+
+    client->set_close_function([&close_called]()
+    {
+        close_called = true;
+        return pplx::task_from_result();
+    });
+
+    auto ws_transport = websocket_transport::create([&](){ return client; }, logger(std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>(), trace_level::none),
+        [](const utility::string_t&){}, [](const std::exception&){});
+
+    ws_transport->disconnect().get();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(close_called);
+}
+
+TEST(websocket_transport_disconnect, exceptions_from_outstanding_receive_task_observed_after_websocket_transport_disconnected)
+{
+    auto client = std::make_shared<test_websocket_client>();
+
+    auto receive_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+    client->set_receive_function([receive_event]()
+    {
+        return pplx::create_task([receive_event]()
+        {
+            receive_event->wait();
+            return pplx::task_from_exception<std::string>(std::runtime_error("exception from receive"));
+        });
+    });
+
+    auto ws_transport = websocket_transport::create([&](){ return client; }, logger(std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>(), trace_level::none),
+        [](const utility::string_t&){}, [](const std::exception&){});
+
+    ws_transport->connect(_XPLATSTR("ws://fakeuri.org")).get();
+    ws_transport->disconnect().get();
+
+    // at this point the cancellation token that closes the receive loop is set to cancelled so
+    // we can unblock the the receive task which throws an exception that should be observed otwherwise the test will crash
+    receive_event->set();
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+void receive_loop_logs_exception_runner(const T& e, const utility::string_t& expected_message, trace_level trace_level);
+
+TEST(websocket_transport_receive_loop, receive_loop_logs_websocket_exceptions)
+{
+    receive_loop_logs_exception_runner(
+        web::websockets::client::websocket_exception(_XPLATSTR("receive failed")),
+        _XPLATSTR("[error       ] [websocket transport] error receiving response from websocket: receive failed\n"),
+        trace_level::errors);
+}
+
+TEST(websocket_transport_receive_loop, receive_loop_logs_if_receive_task_cancelled)
+{
+    receive_loop_logs_exception_runner(
+        pplx::task_canceled("cancelled"),
+        _XPLATSTR("[info        ] [websocket transport] receive task cancelled.\n"),
+        trace_level::info);
+}
+
+TEST(websocket_transport_receive_loop, receive_loop_logs_std_exception)
+{
+    receive_loop_logs_exception_runner(
+        std::runtime_error("exception"),
+        _XPLATSTR("[error       ] [websocket transport] error receiving response from websocket: exception\n"),
+        trace_level::errors);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+void receive_loop_logs_exception_runner(const T& e, const utility::string_t& expected_message, trace_level trace_level)
+{
+    event receive_event;
+    auto client = std::make_shared<test_websocket_client>();
+
+    client->set_receive_function([&receive_event, &e]()->pplx::task<std::string>
+    {
+        receive_event.set();
+        return pplx::task_from_exception<std::string>(e);
+    });
+
+    std::shared_ptr<log_writer> writer(std::make_shared<memory_log_writer>());
+
+    auto ws_transport = websocket_transport::create([&](){ return client; }, logger(writer, trace_level),
+        [](const utility::string_t&){}, [](const std::exception&){});
+
+    ws_transport->connect(_XPLATSTR("ws://url"))
+        .then([&receive_event]()
+    {
+        receive_event.wait();
+    }).get();
+
+    // this is race'y but there is nothing we can block on
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
+
+    auto log_entries = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<memory_log_writer>(writer)->get_log_entries();
+
+    ASSERT_NE(std::find_if(log_entries.begin(), log_entries.end(),
+        [&expected_message](utility::string_t entry) { return remove_date_from_log_entry(entry) == expected_message; }),
+        log_entries.end());
+}
+
+TEST(websocket_transport_receive_loop, process_response_callback_called_when_message_received)
+{
+    auto client = std::make_shared<test_websocket_client>();
+    client->set_receive_function([]() -> pplx::task<std::string>
+    {
+        return pplx::task_from_result(std::string("msg"));
+    });
+
+    auto process_response_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+    auto msg = std::make_shared<utility::string_t>();
+
+    auto process_response = [msg, process_response_event](const utility::string_t& message)
+    {
+        *msg = message;
+        process_response_event->set();
+    };
+
+    auto ws_transport = websocket_transport::create([&](){ return client; }, logger(std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>(), trace_level::none),
+        process_response, [](const std::exception&){});
+
+    ws_transport->connect(_XPLATSTR("ws://fakeuri.org")).get();
+
+    process_response_event->wait(1000);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(utility::string_t(_XPLATSTR("msg")), *msg);
+}
+
+TEST(websocket_transport_receive_loop, error_callback_called_when_exception_thrown)
+{
+    auto client = std::make_shared<test_websocket_client>();
+    client->set_receive_function([]()
+    {
+        return pplx::task_from_exception<std::string>(std::runtime_error("error"));
+    });
+
+    auto close_invoked = std::make_shared<bool>(false);
+    client->set_close_function([close_invoked]()
+    {
+        *close_invoked = true;
+        return pplx::task_from_result();
+    });
+
+    auto error_event = std::make_shared<event>();
+    auto exception_msg = std::make_shared<std::string>();
+
+    auto error_callback = [exception_msg, error_event](const std::exception& e)
+    {
+        *exception_msg = e.what();
+        error_event->set();
+    };
+
+    auto ws_transport = websocket_transport::create([&](){ return client; }, logger(std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>(), trace_level::none),
+        [](const utility::string_t&){}, error_callback);
+
+    ws_transport->connect(_XPLATSTR("ws://fakeuri.org")).get();
+
+    error_event->wait(1000);
+
+    ASSERT_STREQ("error", exception_msg->c_str());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(*close_invoked);
+}
+
+TEST(websocket_transport_get_transport_type, get_transport_type_returns_websockets)
+{
+    auto ws_transport = websocket_transport::create(
+        [](){ return std::make_shared<default_websocket_client>(); },
+        logger(std::make_shared<trace_log_writer>(), trace_level::none),
+        [](const utility::string_t&){}, [](const std::exception&){});
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(transport_type::websockets, ws_transport->get_transport_type());
+}
\ No newline at end of file