-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 1.7k
Expand file tree
/
Copy pathEncoding.xml
More file actions
5428 lines (4768 loc) · 373 KB
/
Copy pathEncoding.xml
File metadata and controls
5428 lines (4768 loc) · 373 KB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
<Type Name="Encoding" FullName="System.Text.Encoding">
<TypeSignature Language="C#" Value="public abstract class Encoding : ICloneable" />
<TypeSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".class public auto ansi abstract beforefieldinit Encoding extends System.Object implements class System.ICloneable" />
<TypeSignature Language="DocId" Value="T:System.Text.Encoding" />
<TypeSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public MustInherit Class Encoding
Implements ICloneable" />
<TypeSignature Language="F#" Value="type Encoding = class
 interface ICloneable" />
<TypeSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public ref class Encoding abstract : ICloneable" />
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Text.Encoding</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.2.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>5.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>6.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>7.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<TypeForwardingChain>
<TypeForwarding From="netstandard" FromVersion="2.1.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="10.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="System.Text.Encoding" FromVersion="10.0.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="10.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="netstandard" FromVersion="2.1.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="11.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-11.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="System.Text.Encoding" FromVersion="11.0.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="11.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-11.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="netstandard" FromVersion="2.1.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="8.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-8.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="System.Text.Encoding" FromVersion="8.0.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="8.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-8.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="netstandard" FromVersion="2.1.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="9.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-9.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="System.Text.Encoding" FromVersion="9.0.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="9.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-9.0" />
</TypeForwardingChain>
<Base>
<BaseTypeName>System.Object</BaseTypeName>
</Base>
<Interfaces>
<Interface FrameworkAlternate="net-9.0">
<InterfaceName>System.ICloneable</InterfaceName>
</Interface>
</Interfaces>
<Attributes>
<Attribute>
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(0)]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(0)>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
<Docs>
<summary>Represents a character encoding.</summary>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><.
<xref:System.Text.Encoding> is intended to operate on Unicode characters instead of arbitrary binary data, such as byte arrays. If you must encode arbitrary binary data into text, you should use a protocol such as uuencode, which is implemented by methods such as <xref:System.Convert.ToBase64CharArray*?displayProperty=nameWithType>.
.NET provides the following implementations of the <xref:System.Text.Encoding> class to support current Unicode encodings and other encodings:
- <xref:System.Text.ASCIIEncoding> encodes Unicode characters as single 7-bit ASCII characters. This encoding only supports character values between U+0000 and U+007F. Code page 20127. Also available through the <xref:System.Text.Encoding.ASCII> property.
- <xref:System.Text.UTF7Encoding> encodes Unicode characters using the UTF-7 encoding. This encoding supports all Unicode character values. Code page 65000. Also available through the <xref:System.Text.Encoding.UTF7> property.
- <xref:System.Text.UTF8Encoding> encodes Unicode characters using the UTF-8 encoding. This encoding supports all Unicode character values. Code page 65001. Also available through the <xref:System.Text.Encoding.UTF8> property.
- <xref:System.Text.UnicodeEncoding> encodes Unicode characters using the UTF-16 encoding. Both little endian and big endian byte orders are supported. Also available through the <xref:System.Text.Encoding.Unicode> property and the <xref:System.Text.Encoding.BigEndianUnicode> property.
- <xref:System.Text.UTF32Encoding> encodes Unicode characters using the UTF-32 encoding. Both little endian (code page 12000) and big endian (code page 12001) byte orders are supported. Also available through the <xref:System.Text.Encoding.UTF32> property.
The <xref:System.Text.Encoding> class is primarily intended to convert between different encodings and Unicode. Often one of the derived Unicode classes is the correct choice for your app.
Use the <xref:System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding*> method to obtain other encodings, and call the <xref:System.Text.Encoding.GetEncodings*> method to get a list of all encodings.
## List of encodings
The following table lists the encodings supported by .NET. It lists each encoding's code page number and the values of the encoding's <xref:System.Text.EncodingInfo.Name?displayProperty=nameWithType> and <xref:System.Text.EncodingInfo.DisplayName?displayProperty=nameWithType> properties. A check mark in the **.NET support** column indicates that the code page is natively supported by .NET, regardless of the underlying platform. Other encodings are available by using the <xref:System.Text.CodePagesEncodingProvider?displayProperty=nameWithType> class or by deriving from the <xref:System.Text.EncodingProvider?displayProperty=nameWithType> class.
> [!NOTE]
> Code pages whose <xref:System.Text.EncodingInfo.Name?displayProperty=nameWithType> property corresponds to an international standard do not necessarily comply in full with that standard.
| Code page | Name | Display name | .NET support |
|-----------|-------------------------|------------------------------------------|--------------|
| 37 | IBM037 | IBM EBCDIC (US-Canada) | |
| 437 | IBM437 | OEM United States | |
| 500 | IBM500 | IBM EBCDIC (International) | |
| 708 | ASMO-708 | Arabic (ASMO 708) | |
| 720 | DOS-720 | Arabic (DOS) | |
| 737 | ibm737 | Greek (DOS) | |
| 775 | ibm775 | Baltic (DOS) | |
| 850 | ibm850 | Western European (DOS) | |
| 852 | ibm852 | Central European (DOS) | |
| 855 | IBM855 | OEM Cyrillic | |
| 857 | ibm857 | Turkish (DOS) | |
| 858 | IBM00858 | OEM Multilingual Latin I | |
| 860 | IBM860 | Portuguese (DOS) | |
| 861 | ibm861 | Icelandic (DOS) | |
| 862 | DOS-862 | Hebrew (DOS) | |
| 863 | IBM863 | French Canadian (DOS) | |
| 864 | IBM864 | Arabic (864) | |
| 865 | IBM865 | Nordic (DOS) | |
| 866 | cp866 | Cyrillic (DOS) | |
| 869 | ibm869 | Greek, Modern (DOS) | |
| 870 | IBM870 | IBM EBCDIC (Multilingual Latin-2) | |
| 874 | windows-874 | Thai (Windows) | |
| 875 | cp875 | IBM EBCDIC (Greek Modern) | |
| 932 | shift_jis | Japanese (Shift-JIS) | |
| 936 | gb2312 | Chinese Simplified (GB2312) | ✓ |
| 949 | ks_c_5601-1987 | Korean | |
| 950 | big5 | Chinese Traditional (Big5) | |
| 1026 | IBM1026 | IBM EBCDIC (Turkish Latin-5) | |
| 1047 | IBM01047 | IBM Latin-1 | |
| 1140 | IBM01140 | IBM EBCDIC (US-Canada-Euro) | |
| 1141 | IBM01141 | IBM EBCDIC (Germany-Euro) | |
| 1142 | IBM01142 | IBM EBCDIC (Denmark-Norway-Euro) | |
| 1143 | IBM01143 | IBM EBCDIC (Finland-Sweden-Euro) | |
| 1144 | IBM01144 | IBM EBCDIC (Italy-Euro) | |
| 1145 | IBM01145 | IBM EBCDIC (Spain-Euro) | |
| 1146 | IBM01146 | IBM EBCDIC (UK-Euro) | |
| 1147 | IBM01147 | IBM EBCDIC (France-Euro) | |
| 1148 | IBM01148 | IBM EBCDIC (International-Euro) | |
| 1149 | IBM01149 | IBM EBCDIC (Icelandic-Euro) | |
| 1200 | utf-16 | Unicode | ✓ |
| 1201 | unicodeFFFE | Unicode (Big endian) | ✓ |
| 1250 | windows-1250 | Central European (Windows) | |
| 1251 | windows-1251 | Cyrillic (Windows) | |
| 1252 | Windows-1252 | Western European (Windows) | |
| 1253 | windows-1253 | Greek (Windows) | |
| 1254 | windows-1254 | Turkish (Windows) | |
| 1255 | windows-1255 | Hebrew (Windows) | |
| 1256 | windows-1256 | Arabic (Windows) | |
| 1257 | windows-1257 | Baltic (Windows) | |
| 1258 | windows-1258 | Vietnamese (Windows) | |
| 1361 | Johab | Korean (Johab) | |
| 10000 | macintosh | Western European (Mac) | |
| 10001 | x-mac-japanese | Japanese (Mac) | |
| 10002 | x-mac-chinesetrad | Chinese Traditional (Mac) | |
| 10003 | x-mac-korean | Korean (Mac) | |
| 10004 | x-mac-arabic | Arabic (Mac) | |
| 10005 | x-mac-hebrew | Hebrew (Mac) | |
| 10006 | x-mac-greek | Greek (Mac) | |
| 10007 | x-mac-cyrillic | Cyrillic (Mac) | |
| 10008 | x-mac-chinesesimp | Chinese Simplified (Mac) | |
| 10010 | x-mac-romanian | Romanian (Mac) | |
| 10017 | x-mac-ukrainian | Ukrainian (Mac) | |
| 10021 | x-mac-thai | Thai (Mac) | |
| 10029 | x-mac-ce | Central European (Mac) | |
| 10079 | x-mac-icelandic | Icelandic (Mac) | |
| 10081 | x-mac-turkish | Turkish (Mac) | |
| 10082 | x-mac-croatian | Croatian (Mac) | |
| 12000 | utf-32 | Unicode (UTF-32) | ✓ |
| 12001 | utf-32BE | Unicode (UTF-32 Big endian) | ✓ |
| 20000 | x-Chinese-CNS | Chinese Traditional (CNS) | |
| 20001 | x-cp20001 | TCA Taiwan | |
| 20002 | x-Chinese-Eten | Chinese Traditional (Eten) | |
| 20003 | x-cp20003 | IBM5550 Taiwan | |
| 20004 | x-cp20004 | TeleText Taiwan | |
| 20005 | x-cp20005 | Wang Taiwan | |
| 20105 | x-IA5 | Western European (IA5) | |
| 20106 | x-IA5-German | German (IA5) | |
| 20107 | x-IA5-Swedish | Swedish (IA5) | |
| 20108 | x-IA5-Norwegian | Norwegian (IA5) | |
| 20127 | us-ascii | US-ASCII | ✓ |
| 20261 | x-cp20261 | T.61 | |
| 20269 | x-cp20269 | ISO-6937 | |
| 20273 | IBM273 | IBM EBCDIC (Germany) | |
| 20277 | IBM277 | IBM EBCDIC (Denmark-Norway) | |
| 20278 | IBM278 | IBM EBCDIC (Finland-Sweden) | |
| 20280 | IBM280 | IBM EBCDIC (Italy) | |
| 20284 | IBM284 | IBM EBCDIC (Spain) | |
| 20285 | IBM285 | IBM EBCDIC (UK) | |
| 20290 | IBM290 | IBM EBCDIC (Japanese katakana) | |
| 20297 | IBM297 | IBM EBCDIC (France) | |
| 20420 | IBM420 | IBM EBCDIC (Arabic) | |
| 20423 | IBM423 | IBM EBCDIC (Greek) | |
| 20424 | IBM424 | IBM EBCDIC (Hebrew) | |
| 20833 | x-EBCDIC-KoreanExtended | IBM EBCDIC (Korean Extended) | |
| 20838 | IBM-Thai | IBM EBCDIC (Thai) | |
| 20866 | koi8-r | Cyrillic (KOI8-R) | |
| 20871 | IBM871 | IBM EBCDIC (Icelandic) | |
| 20880 | IBM880 | IBM EBCDIC (Cyrillic Russian) | |
| 20905 | IBM905 | IBM EBCDIC (Turkish) | |
| 20924 | IBM00924 | IBM Latin-1 | |
| 20932 | EUC-JP | Japanese (JIS 0208-1990 and 0212-1990) | |
| 20936 | x-cp20936 | Chinese Simplified (GB2312-80) | |
| 20949 | x-cp20949 | Korean Wansung | |
| 21025 | cp1025 | IBM EBCDIC (Cyrillic Serbian-Bulgarian) | |
| 21866 | koi8-u | Cyrillic (KOI8-U) | |
| 28591 | iso-8859-1 | Western European (ISO) | ✓ |
| 28592 | iso-8859-2 | Central European (ISO) | |
| 28593 | iso-8859-3 | Latin 3 (ISO) | |
| 28594 | iso-8859-4 | Baltic (ISO) | |
| 28595 | iso-8859-5 | Cyrillic (ISO) | |
| 28596 | iso-8859-6 | Arabic (ISO) | |
| 28597 | iso-8859-7 | Greek (ISO) | |
| 28598 | iso-8859-8 | Hebrew (ISO-Visual) | |
| 28599 | iso-8859-9 | Turkish (ISO) | |
| 28603 | iso-8859-13 | Estonian (ISO) | |
| 28605 | iso-8859-15 | Latin 9 (ISO) | |
| 29001 | x-Europa | Europa | |
| 38598 | iso-8859-8-i | Hebrew (ISO-Logical) | |
| 50220 | iso-2022-jp | Japanese (JIS) | ✓ |
| 50221 | csISO2022JP | Japanese (JIS-Allow 1 byte Kana) | ✓ |
| 50222 | iso-2022-jp | Japanese (JIS-Allow 1 byte Kana - SO/SI) | ✓ |
| 50225 | iso-2022-kr | Korean (ISO) | ✓ |
| 50227 | x-cp50227 | Chinese Simplified (ISO-2022) | ✓ |
| 51932 | euc-jp | Japanese (EUC) | ✓ |
| 51936 | EUC-CN | Chinese Simplified (EUC) | ✓ |
| 51949 | euc-kr | Korean (EUC) | ✓ |
| 52936 | hz-gb-2312 | Chinese Simplified (HZ) | ✓ |
| 54936 | GB18030 | Chinese Simplified (GB18030) | ✓ |
| 57002 | x-iscii-de | ISCII Devanagari | ✓ |
| 57003 | x-iscii-be | ISCII Bengali | ✓ |
| 57004 | x-iscii-ta | ISCII Tamil | ✓ |
| 57005 | x-iscii-te | ISCII Telugu | ✓ |
| 57006 | x-iscii-as | ISCII Assamese | ✓ |
| 57007 | x-iscii-or | ISCII Oriya | ✓ |
| 57008 | x-iscii-ka | ISCII Kannada | ✓ |
| 57009 | x-iscii-ma | ISCII Malayalam | ✓ |
| 57010 | x-iscii-gu | ISCII Gujarati | ✓ |
| 57011 | x-iscii-pa | ISCII Punjabi | ✓ |
| 65000 | utf-7 | Unicode (UTF-7) | |
| 65001 | utf-8 | Unicode (UTF-8) | ✓ |
The following example calls the <xref:System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding(System.Int32)> and <xref:System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding(System.String)> methods to get the Greek (Windows) code page encoding. It compares the <xref:System.Text.Encoding> objects returned by the method calls to show that they are equal, and then maps displays the Unicode code point and the corresponding code page value for each character in the Greek alphabet.
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System.Text/Encoding/Overview/getencoding1.cs" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/System.Text/Encoding/Overview/getencoding1.vb" id="Snippet1":::
If the data to be converted is available only in sequential blocks (such as data read from a stream) or if the amount of data is so large that it needs to be divided into smaller blocks, you should use the <xref:System.Text.Decoder> or the <xref:System.Text.Encoder> provided by the <xref:System.Text.Encoding.GetDecoder*> method or the <xref:System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoder*> method, respectively, of a derived class.
The UTF-16 and the UTF-32 encoders can use the big endian byte order (most significant byte first) or the little endian byte order (least significant byte first). For example, the Latin Capital Letter A (U+0041) is serialized as follows (in hexadecimal):
- UTF-16 big endian byte order: 00 41
- UTF-16 little endian byte order: 41 00
- UTF-32 big endian byte order: 00 00 00 41
- UTF-32 little endian byte order: 41 00 00 00
It is generally more efficient to store Unicode characters using the native byte order. For example, it is better to use the little endian byte order on little endian platforms, such as Intel computers.
The <xref:System.Text.Encoding.GetPreamble*> method retrieves an array of bytes that includes the byte order mark (BOM). If this byte array is prefixed to an encoded stream, it helps the decoder to identify the encoding format used.
For more information on byte order and the byte order mark, see The Unicode Standard at the [Unicode home page](https://home.unicode.org/).
Note that the encoding classes allow errors to:
- Silently change to a "?" character.
- Use a "best fit" character.
- Change to an application-specific behavior through use of the <xref:System.Text.EncoderFallback> and <xref:System.Text.DecoderFallback> classes with the U+FFFD Unicode replacement character.
You should throw an exception on any data stream error. An app either uses a "throwonerror" flag when applicable or uses the <xref:System.Text.EncoderExceptionFallback> and <xref:System.Text.DecoderExceptionFallback> classes. Best fit fallback is often not recommended because it can cause data loss or confusion and is slower than simple character replacements. For ANSI encodings, the best fit behavior is the default.
]]></format>
</remarks>
<example>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
The following example converts a string from one encoding to another.
> [!NOTE]
> The `byte[]` array is the only type in this example that contains the encoded data. The .NET `Char` and `String` types are themselves Unicode, so the <xref:System.Text.Encoding.GetChars*> call decodes the data back to Unicode.
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System.Text/Encoding/Overview/convert.cs" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/System.Text/Encoding/Overview/convert.vb" id="Snippet1":::
]]></format>
</example>
<related type="Article" href="/dotnet/standard/base-types/character-encoding">How to use character encoding classes in .NET</related>
</Docs>
<Members>
<MemberGroup MemberName=".ctor">
<Docs>
<summary>Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="T:System.Text.Encoding" /> class.</summary>
</Docs>
</MemberGroup>
<Member MemberName=".ctor">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="protected Encoding ();" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method familyhidebysig specialname rtspecialname instance void .ctor() cil managed" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Text.Encoding.#ctor" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Protected Sub New ()" />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="protected:
 Encoding();" />
<MemberType>Constructor</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Text.Encoding</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<Parameters />
<Docs>
<summary>Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="T:System.Text.Encoding" /> class.</summary>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
Derived classes override this constructor.
]]></format>
</remarks>
<altmember cref="P:System.Text.Encoding.CodePage" />
<altmember cref="M:System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding(System.Int32)" />
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName=".ctor">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="protected Encoding (int codePage);" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method familyhidebysig specialname rtspecialname instance void .ctor(int32 codePage) cil managed" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Text.Encoding.#ctor(System.Int32)" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Protected Sub New (codePage As Integer)" />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="new System.Text.Encoding : int -> System.Text.Encoding" Usage="new System.Text.Encoding codePage" />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="protected:
 Encoding(int codePage);" />
<MemberType>Constructor</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Text.Encoding</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<Parameters>
<Parameter Name="codePage" Type="System.Int32" />
</Parameters>
<Docs>
<param name="codePage">The code page identifier of the preferred encoding.
-or-
0, to use the default encoding.</param>
<summary>Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="T:System.Text.Encoding" /> class that corresponds to the specified code page.</summary>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
Derived classes override this constructor.
Calls to this constructor from a derived class create an <xref:System.Text.Encoding> object that uses best-fit fallback for both encoding and decoding operations. Both the <xref:System.Text.Encoding.DecoderFallback*> and <xref:System.Text.Encoding.EncoderFallback*> properties are read-only and cannot be modified. To control the fallback strategy for a class derived from <xref:System.Text.Encoding>, call the <xref:System.Text.Encoding.%23ctor(System.Int32,System.Text.EncoderFallback,System.Text.DecoderFallback)> constructor.
]]></format>
</remarks>
<exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
<paramref name="codePage" /> is less than zero.</exception>
<altmember cref="P:System.Text.Encoding.CodePage" />
<altmember cref="M:System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding(System.Int32)" />
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName=".ctor">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="protected Encoding (int codePage, System.Text.EncoderFallback? encoderFallback, System.Text.DecoderFallback? decoderFallback);" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method familyhidebysig specialname rtspecialname instance void .ctor(int32 codePage, class System.Text.EncoderFallback encoderFallback, class System.Text.DecoderFallback decoderFallback) cil managed" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Text.Encoding.#ctor(System.Int32,System.Text.EncoderFallback,System.Text.DecoderFallback)" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Protected Sub New (codePage As Integer, encoderFallback As EncoderFallback, decoderFallback As DecoderFallback)" />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="new System.Text.Encoding : int * System.Text.EncoderFallback * System.Text.DecoderFallback -> System.Text.Encoding" Usage="new System.Text.Encoding (codePage, encoderFallback, decoderFallback)" />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="protected:
 Encoding(int codePage, System::Text::EncoderFallback ^ encoderFallback, System::Text::DecoderFallback ^ decoderFallback);" />
<MemberType>Constructor</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Text.Encoding</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<Parameters>
<Parameter Name="codePage" Type="System.Int32" />
<Parameter Name="encoderFallback" Type="System.Text.EncoderFallback" />
<Parameter Name="decoderFallback" Type="System.Text.DecoderFallback" />
</Parameters>
<Docs>
<param name="codePage">The encoding code page identifier.</param>
<param name="encoderFallback">An object that provides an error-handling procedure when a character cannot be encoded with the current encoding.</param>
<param name="decoderFallback">An object that provides an error-handling procedure when a byte sequence cannot be decoded with the current encoding.</param>
<summary>Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="T:System.Text.Encoding" /> class that corresponds to the specified code page with the specified encoder and decoder fallback strategies.</summary>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
This constructor is `protected`; derived classes override it.
You call this constructor from a derived class to control the fallback encoding and decoding strategies. The <xref:System.Text.Encoding> class constructors create read-only encoding objects that don't allow encoder or decoder fallback to be set after the object is created.
If either `encoderFallback` or `decoderFallback` is null, best-fit fallback is used as the corresponding fallback strategy.
]]></format>
</remarks>
<exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
<paramref name="codePage" /> is less than zero.</exception>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="ASCII">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public static System.Text.Encoding ASCII { get; }" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".property class System.Text.Encoding ASCII" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="P:System.Text.Encoding.ASCII" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Shared ReadOnly Property ASCII As Encoding" />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="static member ASCII : System.Text.Encoding" Usage="System.Text.Encoding.ASCII" />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:
 static property System::Text::Encoding ^ ASCII { System::Text::Encoding ^ get(); };" />
<MemberType>Property</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Text.Encoding</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Text.Encoding</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Docs>
<summary>Gets an encoding for the ASCII (7-bit) character set.</summary>
<value>An encoding for the ASCII (7-bit) character set.</value>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
ASCII characters are limited to the lowest 128 Unicode characters, from U+0000 to U+007F.
When selecting the ASCII encoding for your app, consider the following:
- The ASCII encoding is usually appropriate for protocols that require ASCII.
- If you require 8-bit encoding (which is sometimes incorrectly referred to as "ASCII"), the UTF-8 encoding is recommended over the ASCII encoding. For the characters 0-7F, the results are identical, but use of UTF-8 avoids data loss by allowing representation of all Unicode characters that are representable. Note that the ASCII encoding has an 8th bit ambiguity that can allow malicious use, but the UTF-8 encoding removes ambiguity about the 8th bit.
- Non-ASCII code points fall back during decoding.
The <xref:System.Text.ASCIIEncoding> object that is returned by this property might not have the appropriate behavior for your app. It uses replacement fallback to replace each string that it cannot encode and each byte that it cannot decode with a question mark ("?") character. Instead, you can call the <xref:System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding(System.String,System.Text.EncoderFallback,System.Text.DecoderFallback)> method to instantiate an <xref:System.Text.ASCIIEncoding> object whose fallback is either an <xref:System.Text.EncoderFallbackException> or a <xref:System.Text.DecoderFallbackException>, as the following example illustrates.
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System.Text/Encoding/ASCII/encoding.ascii2.cs" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/System.Text/Encoding/ASCII/encoding.ascii2.vb" id="Snippet1":::
## Examples
The following example demonstrates the effect of the ASCII encoding on characters that are outside the ASCII range.
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System.Text/Encoding/ASCII/ascii.cs" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/System.Text/Encoding/ASCII/ascii.vb" id="Snippet1":::
]]></format>
</remarks>
<altmember cref="T:System.Text.ASCIIEncoding" />
<altmember cref="M:System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding(System.Int32)" />
<altmember cref="P:System.Text.Encoding.UTF8" />
<altmember cref="P:System.Text.Encoding.Unicode" />
<related type="Article" href="/dotnet/standard/base-types/character-encoding">How to use character encoding classes in .NET</related>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="BigEndianUnicode">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public static System.Text.Encoding BigEndianUnicode { get; }" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".property class System.Text.Encoding BigEndianUnicode" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="P:System.Text.Encoding.BigEndianUnicode" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Shared ReadOnly Property BigEndianUnicode As Encoding" />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="static member BigEndianUnicode : System.Text.Encoding" Usage="System.Text.Encoding.BigEndianUnicode" />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:
 static property System::Text::Encoding ^ BigEndianUnicode { System::Text::Encoding ^ get(); };" />
<MemberType>Property</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Text.Encoding</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Text.Encoding</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Docs>
<summary>Gets an encoding for the UTF-16 format that uses the big endian byte order.</summary>
<value>An encoding object for the UTF-16 format that uses the big endian byte order.</value>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
The <xref:System.Text.UnicodeEncoding> object that is returned by this property might not have the appropriate behavior for your app. It uses replacement fallback to replace each string that it cannot encode and each byte that it cannot decode with a question mark ("?") character. Instead, you can call the <xref:System.Text.UnicodeEncoding.%23ctor(System.Boolean,System.Boolean,System.Boolean)?displayProperty=nameWithType> constructor to instantiate a big endian <xref:System.Text.UnicodeEncoding> object whose fallback is either an <xref:System.Text.EncoderFallbackException> or a <xref:System.Text.DecoderFallbackException>, as the following example illustrates.
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System.Text/Encoding/BigEndianUnicode/bigendianunicode1.cs" id="Snippet2":::
:::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/System.Text/Encoding/BigEndianUnicode/bigendianunicode1.vb" id="Snippet2":::
The returned <xref:System.Text.UnicodeEncoding> object has <xref:System.Text.Encoding.BodyName*>, <xref:System.Text.Encoding.HeaderName*>, and <xref:System.Text.Encoding.WebName*> properties, which yield the name "unicodeFFFE". Although the UTF-16 big endian byte order mark is hexadecimal FEFF, the name "unicodeFFFE" was chosen because the byte order mark appears as hexadecimal FFFE on little endian Windows computers.
## Examples
The following example reads a text file with a UTF-16 encoding using the big endian byte order.
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System.Text/Encoding/BigEndianUnicode/bigendianunicode.cs" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/System.Text/Encoding/BigEndianUnicode/bigendianunicode.vb" id="Snippet1":::
The following example determines the number of bytes required to encode a character array, encodes the characters, and displays the resulting bytes.
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System.Text/Encoding/BigEndianUnicode/getbytes_chararr.cs" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/System.Text/Encoding/BigEndianUnicode/getbytes_chararr.vb" id="Snippet1":::
]]></format>
</remarks>
<altmember cref="T:System.Text.UnicodeEncoding" />
<altmember cref="M:System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding(System.Int32)" />
<altmember cref="P:System.Text.Encoding.Unicode" />
<related type="Article" href="/dotnet/standard/base-types/character-encoding">How to use character encoding classes in .NET</related>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="BodyName">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public virtual string BodyName { get; }" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".property instance string BodyName" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="P:System.Text.Encoding.BodyName" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Overridable ReadOnly Property BodyName As String" />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="member this.BodyName : string" Usage="System.Text.Encoding.BodyName" />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:
 virtual property System::String ^ BodyName { System::String ^ get(); };" />
<MemberType>Property</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Text.Encoding</AssemblyName>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.String</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Docs>
<summary>When overridden in a derived class, gets a name for the current encoding that can be used with mail agent body tags.</summary>
<value>A name for the current <see cref="T:System.Text.Encoding" /> that can be used with mail agent body tags.
-or-
An empty string (""), if the current <see cref="T:System.Text.Encoding" /> cannot be used.</value>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
If you need an encoding for a body name, you should call <xref:System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding*> with the <xref:System.Text.Encoding.BodyName> property. Often the method retrieves a different encoding from the test encoding furnished in the call. Generally only email applications need to retrieve such an encoding; most other applications that need to describe an encoding should use its <xref:System.Text.Encoding.WebName*>.
In some cases, the value of the <xref:System.Text.Encoding.BodyName> property corresponds to the international standard that defines that encoding. This doesn't mean that the implementation complies in full with that standard.
## Examples
The following example retrieves the different names for each encoding and displays the encodings with one or more names that are different from <xref:System.Text.EncodingInfo.Name*?displayProperty=nameWithType>. It displays <xref:System.Text.Encoding.EncodingName*> but does not compare against it.
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System.Text/Encoding/BodyName/names.cs" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/System.Text/Encoding/BodyName/names.vb" id="Snippet1":::
]]></format>
</remarks>
<altmember cref="P:System.Text.EncodingInfo.Name" />
<altmember cref="P:System.Text.Encoding.EncodingName" />
<altmember cref="P:System.Text.Encoding.HeaderName" />
<altmember cref="P:System.Text.Encoding.WebName" />
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="Clone">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public virtual object Clone ();" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig newslot virtual instance object Clone() cil managed" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Text.Encoding.Clone" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Overridable Function Clone () As Object" />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="abstract member Clone : unit -> obj
override this.Clone : unit -> obj" Usage="encoding.Clone " />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:
 virtual System::Object ^ Clone();" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
<Implements>
<InterfaceMember>M:System.ICloneable.Clone</InterfaceMember>
</Implements>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Text.Encoding</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Object</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters />
<Docs>
<summary>When overridden in a derived class, creates a shallow copy of the current <see cref="T:System.Text.Encoding" /> object.</summary>
<returns>A copy of the current <see cref="T:System.Text.Encoding" /> object.</returns>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
The clone is writable even if the original <xref:System.Text.Encoding> object is read-only. Therefore, the properties of the clone can be modified.
A shallow copy of an object is a copy of the object only. If the object contains references to other objects, the shallow copy does not create copies of the referred objects. It refers to the original objects instead. In contrast, a deep copy of an object creates a copy of the object and a copy of everything directly or indirectly referenced by that object.
]]></format>
</remarks>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="CodePage">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public virtual int CodePage { get; }" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".property instance int32 CodePage" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="P:System.Text.Encoding.CodePage" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Overridable ReadOnly Property CodePage As Integer" />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="member this.CodePage : int" Usage="System.Text.Encoding.CodePage" />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:
 virtual property int CodePage { int get(); };" />
<MemberType>Property</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Text.Encoding</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Int32</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Docs>
<summary>When overridden in a derived class, gets the code page identifier of the current <see cref="T:System.Text.Encoding" />.</summary>
<value>The code page identifier of the current <see cref="T:System.Text.Encoding" />.</value>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Examples
The following example retrieves the different names for each encoding and displays the encodings with one or more names that are different from <xref:System.Text.EncodingInfo.Name*?displayProperty=nameWithType>. It displays <xref:System.Text.Encoding.EncodingName*> but does not compare against it.
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System.Text/Encoding/BodyName/names.cs" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/System.Text/Encoding/BodyName/names.vb" id="Snippet1":::
]]></format>
</remarks>
<altmember cref="P:System.Text.EncodingInfo.CodePage" />
<altmember cref="P:System.Text.Encoding.WindowsCodePage" />
</Docs>
</Member>
<MemberGroup MemberName="Convert">
<Docs>
<summary>Converts a byte array from one encoding to another.</summary>
</Docs>
</MemberGroup>
<Member MemberName="Convert">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public static byte[] Convert (System.Text.Encoding srcEncoding, System.Text.Encoding dstEncoding, byte[] bytes);" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public static hidebysig unsigned int8[] Convert(class System.Text.Encoding srcEncoding, class System.Text.Encoding dstEncoding, unsigned int8[] bytes) cil managed" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Text.Encoding.Convert(System.Text.Encoding,System.Text.Encoding,System.Byte[])" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Shared Function Convert (srcEncoding As Encoding, dstEncoding As Encoding, bytes As Byte()) As Byte()" />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="static member Convert : System.Text.Encoding * System.Text.Encoding * byte[] -> byte[]" Usage="System.Text.Encoding.Convert (srcEncoding, dstEncoding, bytes)" />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:
 static cli::array <System::Byte> ^ Convert(System::Text::Encoding ^ srcEncoding, System::Text::Encoding ^ dstEncoding, cli::array <System::Byte> ^ bytes);" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Text.Encoding</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Byte[]</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters>
<Parameter Name="srcEncoding" Type="System.Text.Encoding" />
<Parameter Name="dstEncoding" Type="System.Text.Encoding" />
<Parameter Name="bytes" Type="System.Byte[]" />
</Parameters>
<Docs>
<param name="srcEncoding">The encoding format of <paramref name="bytes" />.</param>
<param name="dstEncoding">The target encoding format.</param>
<param name="bytes">The bytes to convert.</param>
<summary>Converts an entire byte array from one encoding to another.</summary>
<returns>An array of type <see cref="T:System.Byte" /> containing the results of converting <paramref name="bytes" /> from <paramref name="srcEncoding" /> to <paramref name="dstEncoding" />.</returns>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Examples
The following example converts a Unicode-encoded string to an ASCII-encoded string. Because the ASCII encoding object returned by the <xref:System.Text.Encoding.ASCII> property uses replacement fallback and the Pi character is not part of the ASCII character set, the Pi character is replaced with a question mark, as the output from the example shows.
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System.Text/Encoding/Overview/convert.cs" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/System.Text/Encoding/Overview/convert.vb" id="Snippet1":::
]]></format>
</remarks>
<exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
<paramref name="srcEncoding" /> is <see langword="null" />.
-or-
<paramref name="dstEncoding" /> is <see langword="null" />.
-or-
<paramref name="bytes" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.Text.DecoderFallbackException">A fallback occurred (for more information, see <see href="https://learn.microsoft.com/dotnet/standard/base-types/character-encoding">Character Encoding in .NET</see>)
-and-
**srcEncoding.** <see cref="P:System.Text.Encoding.DecoderFallback" /> is set to <see cref="T:System.Text.DecoderExceptionFallback" />.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.Text.EncoderFallbackException">A fallback occurred (for more information, see <see href="https://learn.microsoft.com/dotnet/standard/base-types/character-encoding">Character Encoding in .NET</see>)
-and-
**dstEncoding.** <see cref="P:System.Text.Encoding.EncoderFallback" /> is set to <see cref="T:System.Text.EncoderExceptionFallback" />.</exception>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="Convert">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public static byte[] Convert (System.Text.Encoding srcEncoding, System.Text.Encoding dstEncoding, byte[] bytes, int index, int count);" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public static hidebysig unsigned int8[] Convert(class System.Text.Encoding srcEncoding, class System.Text.Encoding dstEncoding, unsigned int8[] bytes, int32 index, int32 count) cil managed" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Text.Encoding.Convert(System.Text.Encoding,System.Text.Encoding,System.Byte[],System.Int32,System.Int32)" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Shared Function Convert (srcEncoding As Encoding, dstEncoding As Encoding, bytes As Byte(), index As Integer, count As Integer) As Byte()" />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="static member Convert : System.Text.Encoding * System.Text.Encoding * byte[] * int * int -> byte[]" Usage="System.Text.Encoding.Convert (srcEncoding, dstEncoding, bytes, index, count)" />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:
 static cli::array <System::Byte> ^ Convert(System::Text::Encoding ^ srcEncoding, System::Text::Encoding ^ dstEncoding, cli::array <System::Byte> ^ bytes, int index, int count);" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Text.Encoding</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Byte[]</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters>
<Parameter Name="srcEncoding" Type="System.Text.Encoding" />
<Parameter Name="dstEncoding" Type="System.Text.Encoding" />
<Parameter Name="bytes" Type="System.Byte[]" />
<Parameter Name="index" Type="System.Int32" />
<Parameter Name="count" Type="System.Int32" />
</Parameters>
<Docs>
<param name="srcEncoding">The encoding of the source array, <paramref name="bytes" />.</param>
<param name="dstEncoding">The encoding of the output array.</param>
<param name="bytes">The array of bytes to convert.</param>
<param name="index">The index of the first element of <paramref name="bytes" /> to convert.</param>
<param name="count">The number of bytes to convert.</param>
<summary>Converts a range of bytes in a byte array from one encoding to another.</summary>
<returns>An array of type <see cref="T:System.Byte" /> containing the result of converting a range of bytes in <paramref name="bytes" /> from <paramref name="srcEncoding" /> to <paramref name="dstEncoding" />.</returns>
<remarks>To be added.</remarks>
<exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
<paramref name="srcEncoding" /> is <see langword="null" />.
-or-
<paramref name="dstEncoding" /> is <see langword="null" />.
-or-
<paramref name="bytes" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
<paramref name="index" /> and <paramref name="count" /> do not specify a valid range in the byte array.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.Text.DecoderFallbackException">A fallback occurred (for more information, see <see href="https://learn.microsoft.com/dotnet/standard/base-types/character-encoding">Character Encoding in .NET</see>)
-and-
**srcEncoding.** <see cref="P:System.Text.Encoding.DecoderFallback" /> is set to <see cref="T:System.Text.DecoderExceptionFallback" />.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.Text.EncoderFallbackException">A fallback occurred (for more information, see <see href="https://learn.microsoft.com/dotnet/standard/base-types/character-encoding">Character Encoding in .NET</see>)
-and-
**dstEncoding.** <see cref="P:System.Text.Encoding.EncoderFallback" /> is set to <see cref="T:System.Text.EncoderExceptionFallback" />.</exception>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="CreateTranscodingStream">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public static System.IO.Stream CreateTranscodingStream (System.IO.Stream innerStream, System.Text.Encoding innerStreamEncoding, System.Text.Encoding outerStreamEncoding, bool leaveOpen = false);" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public static hidebysig class System.IO.Stream CreateTranscodingStream(class System.IO.Stream innerStream, class System.Text.Encoding innerStreamEncoding, class System.Text.Encoding outerStreamEncoding, bool leaveOpen) cil managed" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Text.Encoding.CreateTranscodingStream(System.IO.Stream,System.Text.Encoding,System.Text.Encoding,System.Boolean)" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Shared Function CreateTranscodingStream (innerStream As Stream, innerStreamEncoding As Encoding, outerStreamEncoding As Encoding, Optional leaveOpen As Boolean = false) As Stream" />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="static member CreateTranscodingStream : System.IO.Stream * System.Text.Encoding * System.Text.Encoding * bool -> System.IO.Stream" Usage="System.Text.Encoding.CreateTranscodingStream (innerStream, innerStreamEncoding, outerStreamEncoding, leaveOpen)" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Text.Encoding</AssemblyName>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.IO.Stream</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters>
<Parameter Name="innerStream" Type="System.IO.Stream" />
<Parameter Name="innerStreamEncoding" Type="System.Text.Encoding" />
<Parameter Name="outerStreamEncoding" Type="System.Text.Encoding" />
<Parameter Name="leaveOpen" Type="System.Boolean" />
</Parameters>
<Docs>
<param name="innerStream">The stream to wrap.</param>
<param name="innerStreamEncoding">The encoding associated with <paramref name="innerStream" />.</param>
<param name="outerStreamEncoding">The encoding associated with the <see cref="T:System.IO.Stream" /> that's returned by this method.</param>
<param name="leaveOpen">
<see langword="true" /> if disposing the <see cref="T:System.IO.Stream" /> returned by this method should <em>not</em> dispose <paramref name="innerStream" />.</param>
<summary>Creates a <see cref="T:System.IO.Stream" /> that serves to transcode data between an inner <see cref="T:System.Text.Encoding" /> and an outer <see cref="T:System.Text.Encoding" />, similar to <see cref="M:System.Text.Encoding.Convert(System.Text.Encoding,System.Text.Encoding,System.Byte[])" />.</summary>
<returns>A stream that transcodes the contents of <paramref name="innerStream" /> as <paramref name="outerStreamEncoding" />.</returns>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
The returned <xref:System.IO.Stream>'s <xref:System.IO.Stream.CanRead> and <xref:System.IO.Stream.CanWrite> properties will reflect whether `innerStream` is readable or writable. If `innerStream` is full-duplex, the returned <xref:System.IO.Stream> will be as well. However, the returned <xref:System.IO.Stream> is not seekable, even if `innerStream`'s <xref:System.IO.Stream.CanSeek> property returns `true`.
]]></format>
</remarks>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="DecoderFallback">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public System.Text.DecoderFallback DecoderFallback { get; set; }" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".property instance class System.Text.DecoderFallback DecoderFallback" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="P:System.Text.Encoding.DecoderFallback" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Property DecoderFallback As DecoderFallback" />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="member this.DecoderFallback : System.Text.DecoderFallback with get, set" Usage="System.Text.Encoding.DecoderFallback" />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:
 property System::Text::DecoderFallback ^ DecoderFallback { System::Text::DecoderFallback ^ get(); void set(System::Text::DecoderFallback ^ value); };" />
<MemberType>Property</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Text.Encoding</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Text.DecoderFallback</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Docs>
<summary>Gets or sets the <see cref="T:System.Text.DecoderFallback" /> object for the current <see cref="T:System.Text.Encoding" /> object.</summary>
<value>The decoder fallback object for the current <see cref="T:System.Text.Encoding" /> object.</value>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
The <xref:System.Text.DecoderFallback> object represents an error handler that is invoked when an encoded byte sequence cannot be decoded into a character. Any one of the following handler types is supported:
- A best-fit fallback handler, which replaces bytes that cannot be decoded with some suitable replacement character.