Improve partition with partition-values

[benknoble]

Summary of Changes

Use a more complicated but asymptotically improved (?) version of partition. It certainly generates smaller code! See #40, #46.

PR 2/2.

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[countvajhula]

Looks good, thank you @benknoble !

[benknoble]

@countvajhula looking forward to the next version release!