[Compression] CHIMP128 Compression Algorithm

[Tishj]

This PR adds the Chimp compression algorithm.

CHIMP(128)

Chimp is a compression algorithm that can be used to store floating point values (DOUBLE or FLOAT).

The algorithm was introduced recently as a competitor to Gorilla, the paper about the algorithm can be found here

In short:
It uses a ring buffer to keep track of the past 128 values, to select the best suited reference value.
After it has done that, it xors with that reference value.
It can store this information in 4 different ways.
It is serialized to disk with a 2 bit flag to indicate how it's stored, followed by the bits relevant to that storage method.

Compression time benchmarks

Uncompressed:

name    run     timing
benchmark/micro/compression/chimp/chimp_store.benchmark 1       2.398617
benchmark/micro/compression/chimp/chimp_store.benchmark 2       2.418939
benchmark/micro/compression/chimp/chimp_store.benchmark 3       2.470288
benchmark/micro/compression/chimp/chimp_store.benchmark 4       2.418947
benchmark/micro/compression/chimp/chimp_store.benchmark 5       3.512568

Chimp:

name    run     timing
benchmark/micro/compression/chimp/chimp_store.benchmark 1       4.904306
benchmark/micro/compression/chimp/chimp_store.benchmark 2       4.029724
benchmark/micro/compression/chimp/chimp_store.benchmark 3       4.280829
benchmark/micro/compression/chimp/chimp_store.benchmark 4       3.999000
benchmark/micro/compression/chimp/chimp_store.benchmark 5       4.062333

Decompression time benchmarks (sequential scan)

Uncompressed:

name    run     timing
benchmark/micro/compression/chimp/chimp_read.benchmark  1       0.020655
benchmark/micro/compression/chimp/chimp_read.benchmark  2       0.021452
benchmark/micro/compression/chimp/chimp_read.benchmark  3       0.019731
benchmark/micro/compression/chimp/chimp_read.benchmark  4       0.019733
benchmark/micro/compression/chimp/chimp_read.benchmark  5       0.020495

Chimp:

name    run     timing
benchmark/micro/compression/chimp/chimp_read.benchmark  1       0.106700
benchmark/micro/compression/chimp/chimp_read.benchmark  2       0.101608
benchmark/micro/compression/chimp/chimp_read.benchmark  3       0.105511
benchmark/micro/compression/chimp/chimp_read.benchmark  4       0.109822
benchmark/micro/compression/chimp/chimp_read.benchmark  5       0.098079

[Tishj]

CI on my fork passes, but it randomly fails here
(and it's not related to anything I've done)

[Mytherin]

Those look like spurious failures indeed

[Tishj]

              ERROR: Could not install packages due to an OSError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /packages/18/ad/ec41343a49a0371ea40daf37b1ba2c11333cdd121cb378161635d14b9750/setuptools-59.2.0-py3-none-any.whl (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fb47921ea40>, 'Connection to files.pythonhosted.org timed out. (connect timeout=15)'))

more spurious failures

[Mytherin]

Thanks for the fixes! LGTM

[Alex-Monahan]

Super cool! Any high-level benchmarks we can tweet out upon the next release?