Safely run SSH commands on a bunch of machines at the same time (from Ruby).
Rye is similar to Rush but everything happens over SSH (no HTTP daemon) and the default settings are less powerful (for safety). For example, file globs and the “rm” command are disabled so unless otherwise specified, you can’t do this: rbox.rm('-rf', '/etc/*/').
See the examples below (which are taken from bin/try).
One of:
$ sudo gem install rye $ sudo gem install delano-rye --source http://gems.github.com/ $ git clone git://github.com/delano/rye.git
rbox = Rye::Box.new('localhost') # Commands are run as methods on the Rye::Box object puts rbox.uptime # => 11:02 up 16:01, 3 users # The response value for all commands is a Rye::Rap object. The rap is a # subclass of Array so you can treat it as an Array, but it can also act # like a String if there's only one element. puts rbox.ls('rye.test') # => "" puts rbox.ls('rye.test').stderr # => ls: rye.test: No such file or directory puts rbox.touch('rye.test') # => "" puts rbox.rm('rye.test') # => "" # You can change directories puts rbox.pwd # => /home/rye puts rbox['/usr/bin'].pwd # => /usr/bin puts rbox.pwd # => /usr/bin puts rbox.cd('/home/rye').pwd # => /home/rye # You can specify environment variables rbox.setenv(:RYE, "Forty Creek") rbox.env # => ['HOME=/home/rye', 'RYE=Forty Creek', ...] # The commands method returns an Array of available commands: puts rbox.commands.join(', ') # => pwd, touch, echo, wc, ... # When you're done you can disconnect explicitly. # (Although Rye does this automatically at exit.) rbox.disconnect
rbox_safe = Rye::Box.new('localhost') rbox_wild = Rye::Box.new('localhost', :safe => false) # Safe-mode is enabled by default. In safe-mode, all command # arguments are thoroughly escaped. This prevents access to # environment variables and file globs (among other things). p rbox_safe.echo('$HOME') # => "$HOME" p rbox_safe['/etc'].ls('host*') rescue Rye::CommandError # Doesn't exist p rbox_safe.ls('-l | wc -l') rescue Rye::CommandError # => '|' is not a valid ls arg # Here's the same commands with safe-mode disabled: p rbox_wild.echo('$HOME') # => "/home/rye" p rbox_wild['/etc'].ls('host*') # => ["hostconfig", "hosts"] p rbox_wild.ls('-l | wc -l') # => 110 p rbox_wild.echo('$HOME > /tmp/rye-home') # => p rbox_wild.cat('/tmp/rye-home') # => "/home/rye"
rbox = Rye::Box.new('localhost') rbox.add_keys('/private/key/path') # Specify additional private keys # There's currently no rye900 command p rbox.commands.member?('rye9000') # => false # But we can add our own commands to the Rye::Cmd class. They # automatically become available to all Rye::Box objects. module Rye::Cmd def rye9000(*args) run_command("ls", args) end def somescript(*args) run_command("/path/to/my/script", args) end end # We can now run rye9000 (with arguments) p rbox.rye9000('-a') # => [".", "..", ".bashrc", ...] p rbox.commands.member?('rye9000') # => true
rset = Rye::Set.new rbox = Rye::Box.new rset.add_keys('/private/key/path') # For passwordless logins rset.add_boxes(rbox, 'localhost') # Add boxes as hostnames or objects # Calling methods on Rye::Set objects is very similar to calling them on # Rye::Box objects. In fact, it's identical: p rset.uptime # => [[14:19:02 up 32 days, 19:35 ...], [14:19:02 up 30 days, 01:35]] p rset['/etc'].ls # => [['file1', 'file2', ...], ['life1', 'life2', ...]] # Like Rye::Box, the response value is a Rye::Rap object containing the # responses from each box. Each response is itself a Rye::Rap object. unames = rset.uname p unames # => [["Darwin"], ["Darwin"]] puts unames.class # => Rye::Rap # The Rye::Rap object also keeps a reference to the object that called the # command. In this case, it will keep a reference to Rye::Set: puts unames.set.class # => Rye::Set puts unames.set == rset # => true puts unames.size # => 2 puts unames.first # => Darwin puts unames.first.class # => Rye::Rap puts unames.first.box.class # => Rye::Box puts unames.first.box == rbox # => true # Envrionment variables can be set the same way as with Rye::Box rset.setenv(:RYE, "Forty Creek") p rset.env.first.select { |env| env =~ /RYE/ } # => ["RYE=Forty Creek"]
rbox = Rye::Box.new('localhost', :safe => false) # Rye follows the standard convention of taking exception to a non-zero # exit code by raising a Rye::CommandError. In this case, rye9000.test # is not found by the ls command. begin rbox.ls('rye9000.test') rescue Rye::CommandError => ex puts ex.exit_code # => 1 puts ex.stderr # => ls: rye.test: No such file or directory end # The Rye:Rap response objects also give you the STDOUT and STDERR # content separately. Here we redirect STDOUT to STDERR, so this # will return nothing: puts rbox.uname('-a 1>&2').stdout # => # It all went to STDERR: puts rbox.uname('-a 1>&2').stderr # => Darwin ryehost 9.6.0 ... # There were no actual error so the exit code should be 0. puts rbox.uname('-a 1>&2').exit_code # => 0
rbox = Rye::Box.new("localhost", :info => true) dir_upload = "#{Rye.sysinfo.tmpdir}/rye-upload/" dir_download = "#{Rye.sysinfo.tmpdir}/rye-download/" rbox.upload("#{RYE_HOME}/README.rdoc", "#{RYE_HOME}/LICENSE.txt", dir_upload) applejack = StringIO.new("Some in-memory content") rbox.upload(applejack, "#{dir_upload}/applejack.txt") p rbox.ls(dir_upload) # => [README.rdoc, LICENSE.txt, applejack.txt] p rbox.cat("#{dir_upload}/applejack.txt") # => "Some in-memory content" filecontent = StringIO.new rbox.download("#{dir_upload}/applejack.txt", filecontent) p filecontent.read
Rye comes with a command-line utility called rye.
# Prints the paths to your private keys $ rye keys # Prints the server host keys (suitable for ~/.ssh/known_hosts) $ rye hostkey HOST1 HOST2 # Add your public keys to authorized_keys and authorized_keys2 # on a remote machine $ rye authorize HOST1 HOST2
More info:
$ rye -h $ rye COMMAND -h $ rye show-commands
In safe-mode:
-
You can’t use file globs. This means you can’t do this:
rbox.ls('*.rb').~also doesn’t work! -
Command arguments cannot contain environment variables (however, environment variables are available to the commands you run). This means you can’t do this:
rbox.echo('$HOME'). -
Pipes and operators don’t work:
|, &&, >, <, ||, ~, etc… -
Backticks don’t work either:
procs=`ps aux`
Why? In safe-mode, all command arguments are escaped which turns all arguments into their literal values.
Using a Ruby interface to execute shell commands is pretty awesome, particularly to run them on several machines simultaneously. That’s a lot of power and it’s potentially very dangerous. That’s why Rye disables this stuff by default. There’s probably a way to do it safely but it’s not obvious yet (to me). If you have any ideas, I’d love to hear them!
Rye permits only a limited number of system commands to be run. This default whitelist is defined in Rye::Cmd but you can add your own commands as you please (see Example 3).
-
OpenSSL (The C library)
-
Ruby Gems:
-
net-ssh
-
net-scp
-
highline
-
drydock
-
This list will grow. If you find one let me know!
-
Rye doesn’t read the ~/.ssh/config file yet
-
Highline 1.5 not working in Ruby 1.9 (password prompts hang)
-
Rye uses OpenSSL’s ssh-agent (if it exists). Rye starts it up as a child process and shuts it down using at_exit. If you have code in an at_exit that rely’s on Rye, make sure your code runs before Rye’s at_exit block is called. For example, Drydock uses at_exit too which is why in bin/rye you can see that Drydock is called explicitly so that Rye’s at_exit is executed after Drydock executes a command.
-
Solutious Incorporated (solutious.com) for all the orange juice.
-
github.com/jamis/capistrano/blob/master/lib/capistrano/shell.rb
-
www.nofluffjuststuff.com/blog/david_bock/2008/10/ruby_s_closure_cleanup_idiom_and_net_ssh.html
-
groups.google.com/group/ruby-talk-google/browse_thread/thread/674a6f6de15ceb49?pli=1
-
Delano Mandelbaum (delano@solutious.com)
-
Escape, Copyright © 2006,2007 Tanaka Akira <akr@fsij.org>
See: LICENSE.txt