fix: ensure a minimum retry interval of 5 seconds in fetching central configuration

[kruskall]

Update config retrieval logic to ignore any max age header below 5 seconds and replacing it with 5s to ensure a minimum retry interval.

Closes #1322
See elastic/apm#690
See #1322

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• Start Time: 2022-11-28T09:10:36.919+0000

• Duration: 59 min 4 sec

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Name	Metrics % (covered/total)	Diff
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[kruskall]

/test