diff --git a/docs/changelog/133611.yaml b/docs/changelog/133611.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..9b86f75d9d276
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/changelog/133611.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+pr: 133611
+summary: Allow trailing empty string field names in paths of flattened field
+area: Mapping
+type: bug
+issues:
+ - 130139
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/flattened/FlattenedFieldSyntheticWriterHelper.java b/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/flattened/FlattenedFieldSyntheticWriterHelper.java
index aa1805d485210..2f1efd970d637 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/flattened/FlattenedFieldSyntheticWriterHelper.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/flattened/FlattenedFieldSyntheticWriterHelper.java
@@ -116,7 +116,9 @@ private KeyValue(final String value, final Prefix prefix, final String leaf) {
 
         KeyValue(final BytesRef keyValue) {
             this(
-                FlattenedFieldParser.extractKey(keyValue).utf8ToString().split(PATH_SEPARATOR_PATTERN),
+                // Splitting with a negative limit includes trailing empty strings.
+                // This is needed in case the provide path has trailing path separators.
+                FlattenedFieldParser.extractKey(keyValue).utf8ToString().split(PATH_SEPARATOR_PATTERN, -1),
                 FlattenedFieldParser.extractValue(keyValue).utf8ToString()
             );
         }
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/flattened/FlattenedFieldMapperTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/flattened/FlattenedFieldMapperTests.java
index c6062efc744d9..0628ca47308ea 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/flattened/FlattenedFieldMapperTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/flattened/FlattenedFieldMapperTests.java
@@ -931,6 +931,56 @@ public void testSyntheticSourceWithEmptyObject() throws IOException {
             {"field":{"key1":"foo"}}"""));
     }
 
+    public void testSyntheticSourceWithMatchesInNestedPath() throws IOException {
+        DocumentMapper mapper = createSytheticSourceMapperService(
+            mapping(b -> { b.startObject("field").field("type", "flattened").endObject(); })
+        ).documentMapper();
+
+        // This test covers a scenario that previously had a bug.
+        // Since a.b.c and b.b.d have a matching middle key `b`, and b.b.d starts with a `b`,
+        // startObject was not called for the first `b` in b.b.d.
+        // For a full explanation see this comment: https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/129600#issuecomment-3024476134
+        var syntheticSource = syntheticSource(mapper, b -> {
+            b.startObject("field");
+            {
+                b.startObject("a");
+                {
+                    b.startObject("b").field("c", "1").endObject();
+                }
+                b.endObject();
+                b.startObject("b");
+                {
+                    b.startObject("b").field("d", "2").endObject();
+                }
+                b.endObject();
+            }
+            b.endObject();
+        });
+        assertThat(syntheticSource, equalTo("""
+            {"field":{"a":{"b":{"c":"1"}},"b":{"b":{"d":"2"}}}}"""));
+    }
+
+    public void testMultipleDotsInPath() throws IOException {
+        DocumentMapper mapper = createSytheticSourceMapperService(
+            mapping(b -> { b.startObject("field").field("type", "flattened").endObject(); })
+        ).documentMapper();
+
+        var syntheticSource = syntheticSource(mapper, b -> {
+            b.startObject("field");
+            {
+                b.startObject(".");
+                {
+                    b.field(".", "bar");
+                }
+                b.endObject();
+            }
+            b.endObject();
+        });
+        // This behavior is weird to say the least. But this is the only reasonable way to interpret the meaning of the path `...`
+        assertThat(syntheticSource, equalTo("""
+            {"field":{"":{"":{"":{"":"bar"}}}}}"""));
+    }
+
     @Override
     protected boolean supportsCopyTo() {
         return false;
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/flattened/FlattenedFieldSyntheticWriterHelperTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/flattened/FlattenedFieldSyntheticWriterHelperTests.java
index 4ca5da1c42d40..f59640194f8cd 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/flattened/FlattenedFieldSyntheticWriterHelperTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/flattened/FlattenedFieldSyntheticWriterHelperTests.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
@@ -246,6 +247,54 @@ public void testScalarObjectMismatchInNestedObject() throws IOException {
         assertEquals("{\"a\":{\"b\":{\"c\":\"10\",\"c.d\":\"20\"}}}", baos.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
     }
 
+    public void testSingleDotPath() throws IOException {
+        // GIVEN
+        final SortedSetDocValues dv = mock(SortedSetDocValues.class);
+        final FlattenedFieldSyntheticWriterHelper writer = new FlattenedFieldSyntheticWriterHelper(new SortedSetSortedKeyedValues(dv));
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        final XContentBuilder builder = new XContentBuilder(XContentType.JSON.xContent(), baos);
+        final List<byte[]> bytes = Stream.of("." + '\0' + "10").map(x -> x.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)).toList();
+        when(dv.getValueCount()).thenReturn(Long.valueOf(bytes.size()));
+        when(dv.docValueCount()).thenReturn(bytes.size());
+        for (int i = 0; i < bytes.size(); i++) {
+            when(dv.nextOrd()).thenReturn((long) i);
+            when(dv.lookupOrd(ArgumentMatchers.eq((long) i))).thenReturn(new BytesRef(bytes.get(i), 0, bytes.get(i).length));
+        }
+
+        // WHEN
+        builder.startObject();
+        writer.write(builder);
+        builder.endObject();
+        builder.flush();
+
+        // THEN
+        assertEquals("{\"\":{\"\":\"10\"}}", baos.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+    }
+
+    public void testTrailingDotsPath() throws IOException {
+        // GIVEN
+        final SortedSetDocValues dv = mock(SortedSetDocValues.class);
+        final FlattenedFieldSyntheticWriterHelper writer = new FlattenedFieldSyntheticWriterHelper(new SortedSetSortedKeyedValues(dv));
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        final XContentBuilder builder = new XContentBuilder(XContentType.JSON.xContent(), baos);
+        final List<byte[]> bytes = Stream.of("cat.." + '\0' + "10").map(x -> x.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)).toList();
+        when(dv.getValueCount()).thenReturn(Long.valueOf(bytes.size()));
+        when(dv.docValueCount()).thenReturn(bytes.size());
+        for (int i = 0; i < bytes.size(); i++) {
+            when(dv.nextOrd()).thenReturn((long) i);
+            when(dv.lookupOrd(ArgumentMatchers.eq((long) i))).thenReturn(new BytesRef(bytes.get(i), 0, bytes.get(i).length));
+        }
+
+        // WHEN
+        builder.startObject();
+        writer.write(builder);
+        builder.endObject();
+        builder.flush();
+
+        // THEN
+        assertEquals("{\"cat\":{\"\":{\"\":\"10\"}}}", baos.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+    }
+
     private class SortedSetSortedKeyedValues implements FlattenedFieldSyntheticWriterHelper.SortedKeyedValues {
         private final SortedSetDocValues dv;
         private int seen = 0;