diff --git a/.eslintrc.js b/.eslintrc.js
index 1afb795562b..5c1c4b58cb9 100644
--- a/.eslintrc.js
+++ b/.eslintrc.js
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ module.exports = {
         '@typescript-eslint/ban-types': 'off',
         '@typescript-eslint/no-empty-function': 'off',
         '@typescript-eslint/no-this-alias': 'off',
-        '@typescript-eslint/no-var-requires': 'warn',
+        '@typescript-eslint/no-var-requires': 'off',
 
         // TODO: Enable and fix these rules
         // Typescript provides better types with these rules enabled
@@ -81,6 +81,8 @@ module.exports = {
         Set: true,
         Symbol: true,
         WeakMap: true,
+        require: true,
+        define: true,
       },
 
       rules: {
diff --git a/broccoli/packages.js b/broccoli/packages.js
index db25d4d7712..ab8f37c035f 100644
--- a/broccoli/packages.js
+++ b/broccoli/packages.js
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ const path = require('path');
 const Rollup = require('broccoli-rollup');
 const Funnel = require('broccoli-funnel');
 const MergeTrees = require('broccoli-merge-trees');
-const Babel = require('broccoli-babel-transpiler');
 const typescript = require('broccoli-typescript-compiler').default;
 const BroccoliDebug = require('broccoli-debug');
 const findLib = require('./find-lib');
@@ -18,7 +17,6 @@ const StringReplace = require('broccoli-string-replace');
 const GlimmerTemplatePrecompiler = require('./glimmer-template-compiler');
 const VERSION_PLACEHOLDER = /VERSION_STRING_PLACEHOLDER/g;
 const canaryFeatures = require('./canary-features');
-const injectNodeGlobals = require('./transforms/inject-node-globals');
 
 const debugTree = BroccoliDebug.buildDebugCallback('ember-source');
 
@@ -44,7 +42,7 @@ module.exports.jquery = function _jquery() {
   });
 };
 
-module.exports.internalLoader = function _internalLoader() {
+module.exports.loader = function _loader() {
   return new Funnel('packages/loader/lib', {
     files: ['index.js'],
     getDestinationPath() {
@@ -234,6 +232,7 @@ function glimmerTrees(entries) {
   let trees = [];
   let queue = Array.isArray(entries) ? entries.slice() : [entries];
   let name;
+
   while ((name = queue.pop()) !== undefined) {
     if (seen.has(name)) {
       continue;
@@ -255,14 +254,8 @@ function glimmerTrees(entries) {
       queue.push(...dependencies);
     }
   }
-  return new Babel(new MergeTrees(trees), {
-    sourceMaps: true,
-    plugins: [
-      // ensures `@glimmer/compiler` requiring `crypto` works properly
-      // in both browser and node-land
-      injectNodeGlobals,
-    ],
-  });
+
+  return new MergeTrees(trees);
 }
 
 module.exports.glimmerCompilerES = () => {
diff --git a/broccoli/transforms/inject-node-globals.js b/broccoli/transforms/inject-node-globals.js
deleted file mode 100644
index b5bba89fc1e..00000000000
--- a/broccoli/transforms/inject-node-globals.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-function injectNodeGlobals({ types: t }) {
-  let requireId;
-  let importDecl;
-  let moduleId;
-  return {
-    name: 'inject require',
-    visitor: {
-      Program: {
-        enter(path, state) {
-          if (state.file.opts.filename.match(/node-module\/index.js/)) return;
-
-          requireId = path.scope.globals.require;
-          moduleId = path.scope.globals.module;
-
-          if (requireId || moduleId) {
-            let specifiers = [];
-            let source = t.stringLiteral('node-module');
-
-            if (requireId) {
-              delete path.scope.globals.require;
-              specifiers.push(t.importSpecifier(requireId, t.identifier('require')));
-            }
-
-            if (moduleId) {
-              delete path.scope.globals.module;
-              specifiers.push(t.importSpecifier(moduleId, t.identifier('module')));
-            }
-
-            importDecl = t.importDeclaration(specifiers, source);
-            path.unshiftContainer('body', importDecl);
-          }
-        },
-        exit(path) {
-          if (requireId) {
-            path.scope.rename('require');
-          }
-        },
-      },
-      ImportDeclaration(path) {
-        if (path.node === importDecl) {
-          path.scope.registerDeclaration(path);
-        }
-      },
-    },
-  };
-}
-
-injectNodeGlobals.baseDir = function () {
-  return 'babel-plugin-transform-es2015-modules-amd';
-};
-
-module.exports = injectNodeGlobals;
diff --git a/ember-cli-build.js b/ember-cli-build.js
index 8c0254be9bc..77b3aa5c9e3 100644
--- a/ember-cli-build.js
+++ b/ember-cli-build.js
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Error.stackTraceLimit = Infinity;
 const {
   routerES,
   jquery,
-  internalLoader,
+  loader,
   qunit,
   handlebarsES,
   rsvpES,
@@ -246,7 +246,14 @@ function templateCompilerBundle(emberPackages, transpileTree) {
 }
 
 function testHarness() {
-  return new MergeTrees([emptyTestem(), testPolyfills(), testIndexHTML(), qunit(), jquery()]);
+  return new MergeTrees([
+    emptyTestem(),
+    testPolyfills(),
+    testIndexHTML(),
+    loader(),
+    qunit(),
+    jquery(),
+  ]);
 }
 
 function emptyTestem() {
@@ -262,5 +269,5 @@ function templateCompilerDependencies() {
 }
 
 function emberHeaderFiles() {
-  return new MergeTrees([emberLicense(), internalLoader()]);
+  return new MergeTrees([emberLicense(), loader()]);
 }
diff --git a/lib/index.js b/lib/index.js
index 3af916860e7..0f9996d18e3 100644
--- a/lib/index.js
+++ b/lib/index.js
@@ -237,18 +237,11 @@ module.exports = {
     return new MergeTrees([
       concatBundle(emberFiles, {
         outputFile: 'ember.js',
-        footer: "require('ember');",
+        footer: "require('@ember/-internals/bootstrap');",
       }),
 
       concatBundle(emberTestingFiles, {
         outputFile: 'ember-testing.js',
-        footer: `
-          var testing = require('ember-testing');
-          Ember.Test = testing.Test;
-          Ember.Test.Adapter = testing.Adapter;
-          Ember.Test.QUnitAdapter = testing.QUnitAdapter;
-          Ember.setupForTesting = testing.setupForTesting;
-        `,
       }),
     ]);
   },
diff --git a/packages/@ember/-internals/bootstrap/index.js b/packages/@ember/-internals/bootstrap/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1248aa50f43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/@ember/-internals/bootstrap/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import { context } from '@ember/-internals/environment';
+
+(function () {
+  let Ember;
+
+  function defineEmber(key) {
+    Object.defineProperty(context.exports, key, {
+      enumerable: true,
+      configurable: true,
+      get() {
+        if (!Ember) {
+          Ember = require('ember').default;
+        }
+
+        return Ember;
+      },
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Bootstrap the global
+  defineEmber('Ember');
+  defineEmber('Em');
+
+  // Bootstrap Node module
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-undef
+  if (typeof module === 'object' && typeof module.require === 'function') {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-undef
+    module.exports = Ember = require('ember').default;
+  }
+})();
diff --git a/packages/@ember/-internals/environment/lib/global.ts b/packages/@ember/-internals/environment/lib/global.ts
index ceaff0c112c..99cbbd76dc0 100644
--- a/packages/@ember/-internals/environment/lib/global.ts
+++ b/packages/@ember/-internals/environment/lib/global.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* globals global, window, self, mainContext */
+/* globals global, window, self */
 declare const mainContext: object | undefined;
 
 // from lodash to catch fake globals
diff --git a/packages/ember-template-compiler/index.ts b/packages/ember-template-compiler/index.ts
index 3cdea8978d9..2239d71adfd 100644
--- a/packages/ember-template-compiler/index.ts
+++ b/packages/ember-template-compiler/index.ts
@@ -1,24 +1,27 @@
-import { context, ENV } from '@ember/-internals/environment';
+import { ENV } from '@ember/-internals/environment';
 import { FEATURES } from '@ember/canary-features';
 import VERSION from 'ember/version';
 
-export const _Ember =
-  (typeof (context.imports as any).Ember === 'object' && (context.imports as any).Ember) || {};
+declare global {
+  interface NodeRequire {
+    has(name: string): boolean;
+  }
 
-// private API used by ember-cli-htmlbars to setup ENV and FEATURES
-if (!_Ember.ENV) {
-  _Ember.ENV = ENV;
-}
-if (!_Ember.FEATURES) {
-  _Ember.FEATURES = FEATURES;
-}
-if (!_Ember.VERSION) {
-  _Ember.VERSION = VERSION;
+  function define(path: string, deps: string[], module: () => void): void;
 }
 
-// used for adding Ember.Handlebars.compile for backwards compat
-import setupGlobal from './lib/compat';
-setupGlobal(_Ember);
+export let _Ember: unknown;
+
+try {
+  // tslint:disable-next-line: no-require-imports
+  _Ember = require('ember');
+} catch (e) {
+  _Ember = {
+    ENV,
+    FEATURES,
+    VERSION,
+  };
+}
 
 export { default as precompile } from './lib/system/precompile';
 export { default as compile } from './lib/system/compile';
diff --git a/packages/ember-template-compiler/lib/system/compile.ts b/packages/ember-template-compiler/lib/system/compile.ts
index 02a693e8faf..1061d0508e8 100644
--- a/packages/ember-template-compiler/lib/system/compile.ts
+++ b/packages/ember-template-compiler/lib/system/compile.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 /**
 @module ember
 */
-import require, { has } from 'require';
 import { EmberPrecompileOptions } from '../types';
 import precompile from './precompile';
 
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ export default function compile(
   templateString: string,
   options: Partial<EmberPrecompileOptions> = {}
 ): Factory {
-  if (!template && has('@ember/-internals/glimmer')) {
+  if (!template && require.has('@ember/-internals/glimmer')) {
     // tslint:disable-next-line:no-require-imports
     template = require('@ember/-internals/glimmer').template;
   }
diff --git a/packages/ember-template-compiler/lib/system/initializer.ts b/packages/ember-template-compiler/lib/system/initializer.ts
index 7a20796855c..80a8a0bb9e6 100644
--- a/packages/ember-template-compiler/lib/system/initializer.ts
+++ b/packages/ember-template-compiler/lib/system/initializer.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-import require, { has } from 'require';
 import bootstrap from './bootstrap';
 
 // Globals mode template compiler
 if (
-  has('@ember/application') &&
-  has('@ember/-internals/browser-environment') &&
-  has('@ember/-internals/glimmer')
+  require.has('@ember/application') &&
+  require.has('@ember/-internals/browser-environment') &&
+  require.has('@ember/-internals/glimmer')
 ) {
   // tslint:disable:no-require-imports
   let emberEnv = require('@ember/-internals/browser-environment');
diff --git a/packages/ember/index.d.ts b/packages/ember/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..32cfea9c4bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ember/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+declare module 'ember' {
+  declare const Ember: any;
+
+  export default Ember;
+}
diff --git a/packages/ember/index.js b/packages/ember/index.js
index 4c7ff4c1262..221238e4238 100644
--- a/packages/ember/index.js
+++ b/packages/ember/index.js
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-import require, { has } from 'require';
-
-import { getENV, getLookup, setLookup, ENV, context } from '@ember/-internals/environment';
-import { IS_NODE, module } from 'node-module';
+import { getENV, getLookup, setLookup, ENV } from '@ember/-internals/environment';
 import * as utils from '@ember/-internals/utils';
 import { Registry, Container } from '@ember/-internals/container';
 import * as instrumentation from '@ember/instrumentation';
@@ -168,7 +165,7 @@ import {
 
 // ****@ember/-internals/environment****
 
-const Ember = (typeof context.imports.Ember === 'object' && context.imports.Ember) || {};
+const Ember = {};
 
 import { isIE } from '@ember/-internals/browser-environment';
 
@@ -782,13 +779,27 @@ runLoadHooks('Ember.Application', Application);
 Ember.DataAdapter = extensionSupport.DataAdapter;
 Ember.ContainerDebugAdapter = extensionSupport.ContainerDebugAdapter;
 
-if (has('ember-template-compiler')) {
-  require('ember-template-compiler');
+if (require.has('ember-template-compiler')) {
+  let templateCompiler = require('ember-template-compiler');
+
+  let EmberHandlebars = Ember.Handlebars;
+  if (!EmberHandlebars) {
+    Ember.Handlebars = EmberHandlebars = {};
+  }
+
+  let EmberHTMLBars = Ember.HTMLBars;
+  if (!EmberHTMLBars) {
+    Ember.HTMLBars = EmberHTMLBars = {};
+  }
+
+  EmberHTMLBars.precompile = EmberHandlebars.precompile = templateCompiler.precompile;
+  EmberHTMLBars.compile = EmberHandlebars.compile = templateCompiler.compile;
+  EmberHTMLBars.registerPlugin = templateCompiler.registerPlugin;
 }
 
 // do this to ensure that Ember.Test is defined properly on the global
 // if it is present.
-if (has('ember-testing')) {
+if (require.has('ember-testing')) {
   let testing = require('ember-testing');
 
   Ember.Test = testing.Test;
@@ -799,13 +810,13 @@ if (has('ember-testing')) {
 
 runLoadHooks('Ember');
 
-export default Ember;
+Ember.__loader = {
+  require,
+  define,
+  registry: require._eak_seen,
+};
 
-if (IS_NODE) {
-  module.exports = Ember;
-} else {
-  context.exports.Ember = context.exports.Em = Ember;
-}
+export default Ember;
 
 /**
  @module jquery
diff --git a/packages/ember/tests/reexports_test.js b/packages/ember/tests/reexports_test.js
index 6c6562769b2..2b920689737 100644
--- a/packages/ember/tests/reexports_test.js
+++ b/packages/ember/tests/reexports_test.js
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import Ember from '../index';
-import require from 'require';
 import {
   FEATURES,
   EMBER_GLIMMER_HELPER_MANAGER,
diff --git a/packages/internal-test-helpers/lib/confirm-export.js b/packages/internal-test-helpers/lib/confirm-export.js
index 2f0be668fd4..2e81cb06b8e 100644
--- a/packages/internal-test-helpers/lib/confirm-export.js
+++ b/packages/internal-test-helpers/lib/confirm-export.js
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import require from 'require';
-
 function getDescriptor(obj, path) {
   let parts = path.split('.');
   let value = obj;
diff --git a/packages/internal-test-helpers/lib/ember-dev/setup-qunit.ts b/packages/internal-test-helpers/lib/ember-dev/setup-qunit.ts
index bcc6c785ab7..5142e42d09d 100644
--- a/packages/internal-test-helpers/lib/ember-dev/setup-qunit.ts
+++ b/packages/internal-test-helpers/lib/ember-dev/setup-qunit.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import Ember from 'ember';
+
 import { getDebugFunction, setDebugFunction } from '@ember/debug';
 import { DEBUG } from '@glimmer/env';
 
diff --git a/packages/loader/lib/index.js b/packages/loader/lib/index.js
index dcb6c7c4594..c811cf08800 100644
--- a/packages/loader/lib/index.js
+++ b/packages/loader/lib/index.js
@@ -1,12 +1,31 @@
-/*globals process */
-let define, require, Ember;
-
-// Used in @ember/-internals/environment/lib/global.js
-mainContext = this; // eslint-disable-line no-undef
+/* globals global globalThis self */
+let define, require;
 
 (function () {
-  let registry;
-  let seen;
+  let globalObj =
+    typeof globalThis !== 'undefined'
+      ? globalThis
+      : typeof self !== 'undefined'
+      ? self
+      : typeof window !== 'undefined'
+      ? window
+      : typeof global !== 'undefined'
+      ? global
+      : null;
+
+  if (globalObj === null) {
+    throw new Error('unable to locate global object');
+  }
+
+  if (typeof globalObj.define === 'function' && typeof globalObj.require === 'function') {
+    define = globalObj.define;
+    require = globalObj.require;
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  let registry = Object.create(null);
+  let seen = Object.create(null);
 
   function missingModule(name, referrerName) {
     if (referrerName) {
@@ -47,7 +66,7 @@ mainContext = this; // eslint-disable-line no-undef
       } else if (deps[i] === 'require') {
         reified[i] = require;
       } else {
-        reified[i] = internalRequire(deps[i], name);
+        reified[i] = require(deps[i], name);
       }
     }
 
@@ -56,57 +75,31 @@ mainContext = this; // eslint-disable-line no-undef
     return exports;
   }
 
-  let isNode =
-    typeof window === 'undefined' &&
-    typeof process !== 'undefined' &&
-    {}.toString.call(process) === '[object process]';
-
-  if (!isNode) {
-    Ember = this.Ember = this.Ember || {};
-  }
-
-  if (typeof Ember === 'undefined') {
-    Ember = {};
-  }
-
-  if (typeof Ember.__loader === 'undefined') {
-    registry = Object.create(null);
-    seen = Object.create(null);
-
-    define = function (name, deps, callback) {
-      let value = {};
+  require = function (name) {
+    return internalRequire(name, null);
+  };
 
-      if (!callback) {
-        value.deps = [];
-        value.callback = deps;
-      } else {
-        value.deps = deps;
-        value.callback = callback;
-      }
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
+  define = (name, deps, callback) => {
+    let value = {};
 
-      registry[name] = value;
-    };
-
-    require = function (name) {
-      return internalRequire(name, null);
-    };
+    if (!callback) {
+      value.deps = [];
+      value.callback = deps;
+    } else {
+      value.deps = deps;
+      value.callback = callback;
+    }
 
-    // setup `require` module
-    require['default'] = require;
+    registry[name] = value;
+  };
 
-    require.has = function registryHas(moduleName) {
-      return Boolean(registry[moduleName]) || Boolean(registry[moduleName + '/index']);
-    };
+  // setup `require` module
+  require['default'] = require;
 
-    require._eak_seen = registry;
+  require.has = function registryHas(moduleName) {
+    return Boolean(registry[moduleName]) || Boolean(registry[moduleName + '/index']);
+  };
 
-    Ember.__loader = {
-      define: define,
-      require: require,
-      registry: registry,
-    };
-  } else {
-    define = Ember.__loader.define;
-    require = Ember.__loader.require;
-  }
+  require._eak_seen = registry;
 })();
diff --git a/packages/node-module/index.d.ts b/packages/node-module/index.d.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 249e58d812f..00000000000
--- a/packages/node-module/index.d.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-export const IS_NODE: boolean;
-
-export function require(url: string): string;
diff --git a/packages/node-module/index.js b/packages/node-module/index.js
deleted file mode 100644
index cad5138a421..00000000000
--- a/packages/node-module/index.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-/*global module */
-
-const IS_NODE = typeof module === 'object' && typeof module.require === 'function';
-
-let exportModule;
-let exportRequire;
-
-if (IS_NODE) {
-  exportModule = module;
-  exportRequire = module.require;
-} else {
-  exportModule = null;
-  exportRequire = null;
-}
-
-export { IS_NODE, exportModule as module, exportRequire as require };
diff --git a/packages/node-module/require.d.ts b/packages/node-module/require.d.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 58443c7f54c..00000000000
--- a/packages/node-module/require.d.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-declare module 'require' {
-  export function has(path: string): boolean;
-  export default function require(path: string): any;
-}
diff --git a/tests/index.html b/tests/index.html
index 57bf6b6b84d..9349283ad8a 100644
--- a/tests/index.html
+++ b/tests/index.html
@@ -10,10 +10,14 @@
       }
     </style>
     <script src="./polyfill.js"></script>
+    <script src="./loader.js"></script>
     <script src="./qunit/qunit.js"></script>
     <script src="/testem.js"></script>
 
     <script type="text/javascript">
+      window.define = define;
+      window.require = require;
+
       window.loadScript = function(url) {
         document.write(unescape('%3Cscript src="'+url+'"%3E%3C/script%3E'));
       };
@@ -90,7 +94,7 @@
     </script>
 
     <script type="text/javascript">
-      var setTesting = Ember.__loader.require('@ember/debug')['setTesting'];
+      var setTesting = require('@ember/debug')['setTesting'];
       setTesting(true);
     </script>
 
@@ -114,7 +118,7 @@
           }
         }
 
-        var setupQUnit = window.Ember.__loader.require('internal-test-helpers/lib/ember-dev/setup-qunit')['default'];
+        var setupQUnit = require('internal-test-helpers/lib/ember-dev/setup-qunit')['default'];
         setupQUnit();
 
         // Tests should time out after 15 seconds
@@ -180,11 +184,11 @@
       skipPackages = (skipPackages && skipPackages.split(',')) || [];
       var skipPackageRegexp   = new RegExp('^('+skipPackages.join('|')+')/');
 
-      for (var moduleName in Ember.__loader.registry) {
+      for (var moduleName in require._eak_seen) {
         if (!moduleName.match(packageRegexp))   { continue; }
         if (moduleName.match(skipPackageRegexp)) { continue; }
 
-        if (moduleName.match(/[_-]test$/)) { Ember.__loader.require(moduleName); }
+        if (moduleName.match(/[_-]test$/)) { require(moduleName); }
       }
     </script>