diff --git a/rest_framework/serializers.py b/rest_framework/serializers.py
index ea2daffd5a..448b59b774 100644
--- a/rest_framework/serializers.py
+++ b/rest_framework/serializers.py
@@ -688,18 +688,17 @@ def to_internal_value(self, data):
             }, code='min_length')
 
         ret = []
-        errors = []
+        errors = {}
 
-        for item in data:
+        for index, item in enumerate(data):
             try:
                 validated = self.run_child_validation(item)
             except ValidationError as exc:
-                errors.append(exc.detail)
+                errors[index] = exc.detail
             else:
                 ret.append(validated)
-                errors.append({})
 
-        if any(errors):
+        if errors:
             raise ValidationError(errors)
 
         return ret
diff --git a/tests/test_serializer_bulk_update.py b/tests/test_serializer_bulk_update.py
index 0465578bb6..c888e6aa82 100644
--- a/tests/test_serializer_bulk_update.py
+++ b/tests/test_serializer_bulk_update.py
@@ -65,11 +65,9 @@ def test_bulk_create_errors(self):
                 'author': 'Haruki Murakami'
             }
         ]
-        expected_errors = [
-            {},
-            {},
-            {'id': ['A valid integer is required.']}
-        ]
+        expected_errors = {
+            2: {'id': ['A valid integer is required.']}
+        }
 
         serializer = self.BookSerializer(data=data, many=True)
         assert serializer.is_valid() is False
@@ -85,11 +83,7 @@ def test_invalid_list_datatype(self):
         assert serializer.is_valid() is False
 
         message = 'Invalid data. Expected a dictionary, but got str.'
-        expected_errors = [
-            {'non_field_errors': [message]},
-            {'non_field_errors': [message]},
-            {'non_field_errors': [message]}
-        ]
+        expected_errors = {idx: {'non_field_errors': [message]} for idx in range(len(data))}
 
         assert serializer.errors == expected_errors
 
diff --git a/tests/test_serializer_lists.py b/tests/test_serializer_lists.py
index f76451a5ad..eaff6ac1fb 100644
--- a/tests/test_serializer_lists.py
+++ b/tests/test_serializer_lists.py
@@ -775,3 +775,80 @@ def test(self):
         queryset = NullableOneToOneSource.objects.all()
         serializer = self.serializer(queryset, many=True)
         assert serializer.data
+
+
+class TestListSerializerDictErrorBehavior:
+    """
+    Tests dict-based error structure for ListSerializer, and consistency with ListField.
+
+    https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework/issues/7279
+    """
+
+    def setup_method(self):
+        class SampleSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+            num = serializers.BooleanField()
+
+        class ChildSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+            num = serializers.BooleanField()
+
+        class WrapperSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+            list_serializer = ChildSerializer(many=True)
+            list_field = serializers.ListField(
+                child=serializers.DictField(allow_empty=False)
+            )
+
+        self.SampleSerializer = SampleSerializer
+        self.WrapperSerializer = WrapperSerializer
+
+    def test_listserializer_dict_error_format(self):
+
+        data = [
+            {"num": "1"},
+            {"num": "x"},
+            {"num": "0"},
+            {"num": "hello"},
+        ]
+
+        serializer = self.SampleSerializer(data=data, many=True)
+        serializer.is_valid()
+
+        errors = serializer.errors
+        assert isinstance(errors, dict)
+        assert set(errors.keys()) == {1, 3}
+
+        assert errors[1] == {"num": [ErrorDetail(string="Must be a valid boolean.", code="invalid")]}
+        assert errors[3] == {"num": [ErrorDetail(string="Must be a valid boolean.", code="invalid")]}
+
+    def test_listserializer_and_listfield_consistency(self):
+
+        data = {
+            "list_serializer": [
+                {"num": "1"},
+                {"num": "wrong"},
+                {"num": "0"},
+                {"num": ""},
+            ],
+            "list_field": [
+                {"ok": "x"},
+                {},
+                {"valid": "y"},
+                {},
+            ],
+        }
+
+        serializer = self.WrapperSerializer(data=data)
+        serializer.is_valid()
+
+        errors = serializer.errors
+
+        assert isinstance(errors["list_serializer"], dict)
+        assert isinstance(errors["list_field"], dict)
+
+        assert set(errors["list_serializer"].keys()) == {1, 3}
+        assert set(errors["list_field"].keys()) == {1, 3}
+
+        assert errors["list_serializer"][1] == {"num": [ErrorDetail(string="Must be a valid boolean.", code="invalid")]}
+        assert errors["list_serializer"][3] == {"num": [ErrorDetail(string="Must be a valid boolean.", code="invalid")]}
+
+        assert errors["list_field"][1] == [ErrorDetail(string='This dictionary may not be empty.', code='empty')]
+        assert errors["list_field"][3] == [ErrorDetail(string='This dictionary may not be empty.', code='empty')]