Food and Drink

Food and Drink#

Objective: By the end of the chapter, you will be able to: • use the correct words and expressions concerning food and drink • express likes and dislikes using (3jb) “to please” • express necessity or obligation with (khSS) “to need / to have to” • use (bgha) “to want / to like” with the proper tense Food and Drink Food foodl-makla‫الماكلة‬fishl-7ut‫الحوت‬ breakfastl-fTur‫الفطور‬beansl-lubya‫اللوبية‬ lunchl-ghda‫الغدا‬lentilsl-3ds‫العدس‬ dinnerl-3sha‫العشا‬chick peasl-7mmS‫ص‬‫الحم‬ ّ tajineT-Tajin‫الطاجين‬steamed pasta with cinnamon and sugars-sffa‫السفّة‬ saladsh-shlaDa‫الشالضة‬vermicelliSh-sh3riya‫ة‬‫ي‬ّ‫الشعر‬ French friesl-frit‫الفريت‬Moroccan soupl-7rira‫الحريرة‬ olivesz-zitun‫الزيتون‬vegetable soupS-Subba‫ة‬‫الصوب‬ َ bastilal-bsTila‫البسطيلة‬ricer-ruz‫الروز‬ meatl-l7m‫اللحم‬couscousl-ksksu‫الكسكسو‬ chickend-djaj‫الدجاج‬pizzal-ppitza‫ز‬‫ا‬ ‫يت‬‫الپ‬ ّ At a Café the waiterl-garsun‫الگارسون‬ black coffeeqhwa k7la‫كحلة‬ ‫قهوة‬ coffee with milkqhwa 7lib‫حليب‬ ‫قهوة‬ half coffee, half milkqhwa nS nS‫نص‬ ‫نص‬ ‫قهوة‬ hot milk7lib skhun‫سخون‬ ‫حليب‬ weak coffeeqhwa khfifa‫خفيفة‬ ‫قهوة‬ strong coffeeqhwa qas7a‫قاسحة‬ ‫قهوة‬ coffee with a little milkqhwa mhrrsa‫مهرسة‬ ‫قهوة‬ orange juice3aSir l-limun‫الليمون‬ ‫صير‬‫ع‬َPeace Corps / Morocco • 89 apple & milk shake3aSir t-tfa7‫اح‬‫التف‬ ‫صير‬‫ع‬َ banana & milk shake3aSir l-banan‫نان‬‫الب‬ َ ‫صير‬‫ع‬َ almond & milk shake3aSir l-luz‫اللوز‬ ‫صير‬‫ع‬َ pot of teabrrad d atay‫أتاي‬ ‫د‬ ‫اد‬‫بر‬ّ glass of teakas d atay‫أتاي‬ ‫د‬ ‫كاس‬ … with mint… b n-n3na3‫النعناع‬ ‫ب‬ … Not very sweet.ma-y-kun-sh 7lu bzzaf..‫اف‬‫بز‬ّ ‫حلو‬ ‫يكونش‬ ‫ما‬ Some sugar, please.shwiya d s-skkar,3afak..‫فاك‬‫ع‬َ ،‫ار‬‫ك‬ّ ‫الس‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫شوي‬ ّ a glass of cold waterkas d l-ma bard. .‫بارد‬ ‫الما‬ ‫د‬ ‫كاس‬ At a Restaurant ‫المينو‬ the menul-menuPlease bring me …3afak jib liya …… ‫ا‬‫لي‬ّ ‫جيب‬ ‫ك‬‫فا‬‫ع‬َ Do you have … ?wesh 3ndkum … ?‫؟‬ … ‫م‬‫ك‬ُ ‫عند‬ ‫واش‬ What do you have?shnu 3ndkum?Is there any food without meat?wesh kayna shi makla bla l7m?‫لحم؟‬ ‫بال‬ ‫ماكلة‬ ‫شي‬ ‫كاينة‬ ‫واش‬ I want a tajine without meat.bghit Tajin bla l7m..‫لحم‬ ‫بال‬ ‫طاجين‬ ‫بغيت‬ What do you have for dessert?shnu 3ndkum f d-disir?‫سير؟‬‫الد‬ ‫ف‬ ‫م‬‫ك‬ُ ‫عند‬ ‫شنو‬ We want a table for (four people).bghina wa7d T-Tbla dyal (rb3a d n-nas)..)‫الناس‬ ‫د‬ ‫(ربعة‬ ‫ديال‬ ‫الطبلة‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫بغينا‬ Outside3la brra‫بر‬ ‫ّا‬ ‫على‬ InsideLdakhl‫خل‬‫لدا‬ The bill, please.l-7sab 3afak.To your health.b S-S7a.To your health (response).lla y-3Tik S-S7a..‫ة‬‫الصح‬ ‫يعطيك‬ ‫اهلل‬ ّ How do you like the food?kif jatk l-makla?‫الماكلة؟‬ ‫جاتك‬ ‫كيف‬ I have no complaints.Ma 3ndi mangul..‫مانگول‬ ‫عندي‬ ‫ما‬ The food is delicious.l-makla ldida / bnina. ‫م؟‬‫ك‬ُ ‫عند‬ ‫شنو‬ .‫فاك‬‫ع‬َ ‫الحساب‬ .‫ة‬‫الصح‬ ‫ب‬ ّ .‫بنينة‬ / ‫لديدة‬ ‫الماكلة‬90 • Moroccan Arabic Dialogue Karla u Jason f r-risṭora l-garsun: t-fDDlu! mr7ba bikum. Jason: shukran. wesh kayna shi Tbla dyal juj d n-nas? l-garsun: m3lum kayna. fin bghitu t-glsu? Jason: bghina wa7d T-Tbla 7da s-srjm. l-garsun: shnu bghitu t-aklu? ‫سطورة‬‫الر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫دجاسون‬ ‫و‬ ‫كارال‬ .‫م‬‫ك‬ُ ‫ب‬ ‫مرحبا‬ !‫لو‬‫تفض‬ :‫الگارسون‬ ّ ‫د‬ ‫جوج‬ ‫ديال‬ ‫طبلة‬ ‫شي‬ ‫كاينة‬ ‫واش‬ .‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ك‬‫ش‬ُ :‫دجاسون‬ ‫الناس؟‬ ‫تگلسو؟‬ ‫بغيتو‬ ‫فين‬ .‫كاينة‬ ‫معلوم‬ :‫الگارسون‬ .‫السرجم‬ ‫حدا‬ ‫الطبلة‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫بغينا‬ :‫دجاسون‬ ‫تاكلو؟‬ ‫بغيتو‬ ‫شنو‬ :‫الگارسون‬ ‫م؟‬‫ك‬ُ ‫عند‬ ‫شنو‬ :‫كارال‬ Karla: shnu 3ndkum? l-garsun: ha l-menu. .‫المينو‬ ‫ها‬ :‫الگارسون‬ Karla: ana bghit shlaDa u ksksu .‫الغنمي‬ ‫ب‬ ‫كسكسو‬ ‫و‬ ‫شالضة‬ ‫بغيت‬ ‫أنا‬ :‫كارال‬ b l-ghnmi. l-garsun: wakha a lalla. u nta a ‫سيدي؟‬ ‫أ‬ ‫نت‬ َ ‫و‬ .ّ‫لَال‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫خ‬ّ ‫و‬َ :‫الگارسون‬ sidi? Jason: ana kan-akul ghir ‫شي‬ ‫كاينة‬ ‫واش‬ .‫الخضرة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫ل‬‫ك‬ُ ‫نا‬‫ك‬َ ‫أنا‬ :‫دجاسون‬ l-khuDra. wesh kayna ‫لحم؟‬ ‫بال‬ ‫ماكلة‬ shi makla bla l7m? l-garsun: iyeh! kayna l-lubya. .‫اللوبية‬ ‫كاينة‬ !‫إيه‬ :‫الگارسون‬ Jason: wakha.jib liya shlaDa u .‫اللوبية‬ ‫د‬ ‫طبسيل‬ ‫و‬ ‫شالضة‬ ‫ا‬‫لي‬ّ ‫جيب‬ .‫ا‬‫خ‬ّ ‫و‬َ :‫دجاسون‬ Tbsil d l-lubya. l-garsun: wesh bghitu t-shrbu shi ‫حاجة؟‬ ‫شي‬ ‫تشربو‬ ‫بغيتو‬ ‫واش‬ :‫الگارسون‬ 7aja? Karla: ana bghit kuka barda. .‫باردة‬ ‫كوكا‬ ‫بغيت‬ ‫أنا‬ :‫كارال‬ ana bghit ghir l-ma Jason: .‫فاك‬‫ع‬َ ‫الما‬ ‫غير‬ ‫بغيت‬ ‫أنا‬ :‫دجاسون‬ 3afak. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Jason: l-7sab 3afak. .‫فاك‬‫ع‬َ ‫الحساب‬ :‫دجاسون‬ .‫درهم‬ 60 :‫الگارسون‬ l-garsun: 60 drhm. Jason: hak a sidi. l-garsun: lla y-khlf.kif jatkum l-makla? Karla/Jason: bnina! 3jbatna bzzaf. l-garsun: b S-S7a u r-ra7a. Karla/Jason: lla y-3Tik S-S7a. 1. fin mshau Karla u Jason? 4. sh7al khlSu? 5. kif jathum l-makla? ‫الماكلة؟‬ ‫م‬‫ك‬ُ ‫جات‬ ‫كيف‬ .‫يخلف‬ ‫اهلل‬ :‫الگارسون‬ .‫اف‬‫بز‬ّ ‫عجباتنا‬ !‫بنينة‬ :‫دجاسون‬ ‫و‬ ‫كارال‬ .‫الراحة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫الصح‬ ‫ب‬ :‫الگارسون‬ ّ .‫ة‬‫الصح‬ ‫يعطيك‬ ‫اهلل‬ :‫دجاسون‬ ‫و‬ ‫كارال‬ ّ ‫دجاسون؟‬ ‫و‬ ‫كارال‬ ‫مشاو‬ ‫فين‬ .1 ‫كالو؟‬ ‫شنو‬ .2 2. shnu klau? 3. wesh shrbu shi 7aja? .‫سيدي‬ ‫أ‬ ‫هاك‬ :‫دجاسون‬ shnu shrbu? ‫شربو؟‬ ‫شنو‬ ‫حاجة؟‬ ‫شي‬ ‫شربو‬ ‫واش‬ .3 ‫خلصو؟‬ ‫شحال‬ .4 ‫الماكلة؟‬ ‫جاتهُم‬ ‫كيف‬ .5Peace Corps / Morocco • 91 The Reflexive verb “to please / to like” In Darija, it is not common to say, literally, “I like something.” Rather, we use the construction, “Something pleases me.” In reality, this phrase would translate into the English “I like something,” but what is important is that you understand that the “person who likes” is actually the object of the sentence, and the “thing liked” is the subject. At first, it will seem backward; in fact, it is (from an English speaker’s perspective). In time you will use this construction naturally. How to Conjugate “to please” The verb “to please” is 3jb. It can be tricky to conjugate because, as we said, the subject of the verb is actually the object that is “liked,” and the object is the person who “likes.” Thus, if I want to say, “He likes them,” I literally need to say, “They please him.” Also, as a result of this, the verb must always agree in gender and number with the subject, that is, the thing “liked.” In the present tense, therefore, the conjugation of the verb can be outlined in the following manner: Introduce Present Tense Verb RootFor Plural Form Only 3jbu kay (masc. sing.) kat (fem. sing.) kay (masc/fem plur.) Object Pronouns ni k u / h ha na kum hum Some examples: It (masc. sing.) pleases me. (i.e. I like it.)kay-3jbni‫يعجبني‬‫ك‬َ It (fem. sing.) pleases me. (i.e. I like it.)kat-3jbni‫تعجبني‬‫ك‬َ They (masc. plur.) please me. (i.e. I like them.)kay-3jbuni‫يعجبوني‬‫ك‬َ They (fem. plur.) please me. (i.e. I like them.)kay-3jbuni‫يعجبوني‬‫ك‬َ Present Tense Examples In the following examples, we use the translation “to like.” The literal translation would be “to please.” 3jb with masculine singular subject I like couscous.kay-3jbni ksksu..‫كسكسو‬ ‫يعجبني‬‫ك‬َ I like chocolate.kay-3jbni sh-shklaṭ..‫الشكالط‬ ‫يعجبني‬‫ك‬َ She likes tea.kay-3jbha atay.We like Morocco.kay-3jbna l-mghrib..‫ب‬‫المغر‬ ‫يعجبنا‬‫ك‬َ He likes tajines.kay-3jbu T-Tajin..‫الطاجين‬ ‫يعجبو‬‫ك‬َ .‫أتاي‬ ‫يعجبها‬‫ك‬َ 3jb with feminine singular subject I like salad.kat-3jbni sh-shlaḍa..‫الشالضة‬ ‫تعجبني‬‫ك‬َ Do you like coffee?wesh kat-3jbk l-qhwa?‫القهوة؟‬ ‫تعجبك‬‫ك‬َ ‫واش‬ She does not like beer.ma-kat-3jbha-sh l-birra..‫ا‬‫البير‬ ّ ‫تعجبهاش‬‫ك‬َ ‫ما‬92 • Moroccan Arabic 3jb with masculine/feminine plural subject kay-3jbuni n-nas d I like the people of Morocco. l-mghrib. .‫ب‬‫المغر‬ ‫د‬ ‫الناس‬ ‫يعجبوني‬‫ك‬َ He likes books.kay-3jbuh l-ktub..‫الكتوب‬ ‫يعجبوه‬‫ك‬َ Do you (plur.) like kids?wesh kay-3jbukum d-drari?‫الدراري؟‬ ‫م‬‫ك‬ُ ‫يعجبو‬‫ك‬َ ‫واش‬ We don’t like them.ma-kay-3jbuna-sh..‫يعجبوناش‬‫ك‬َ ‫ما‬ Past Tense Examples The verb ‫ع‬jb can also be used in the past tense, as in “I liked it” or “It pleased me.” It is conjugated like all regular verbs in the past tense. 3jb with masculine singular subject .‫العشا‬ ‫عجبني‬ I liked dinner.3jbni l-3sha.He liked mint tea.3jbu atay b n-n3na3..‫النعناع‬ ‫ب‬ ‫أتاي‬ ‫عجبو‬ She didn’t like “fat bread.”ma-3jbha-sh khubz sh- sh7ma..‫الشحمة‬ ‫بز‬‫خ‬ُ ‫عجبهاش‬ ‫ما‬ Did you like the chicken?wesh 3jbk d-djaj? ‫الدجاج؟‬ ‫عجبك‬ ‫واش‬ 3jb with feminine singular subject I liked the soup.3jbatni l-7rira. He didn’t like the salad.ma-3jbatu-sh sh-shlaDa. Did you like the old medina?Wesh 3jbatk l-mdina l-qdima? 3jb with masculine/feminine plural subject 3jbuni n-nas dyal I liked the people of my village. d-duwar dyali. .‫الحريرة‬ ‫عجباتني‬ .‫ة‬‫الشالض‬ ‫عجباتوش‬ ‫ما‬ ‫القديمة؟‬ ‫المدينة‬ ‫عجباتك‬ ‫واش‬ .‫ديالي‬ ‫ار‬‫الدو‬ ّ ‫ديال‬ ‫الناس‬ ‫عجبوني‬ Did you like these books?wesh 3jbuk had l-ktub?‫الكتوب؟‬ ‫د‬‫ه‬َ ‫عجبوك‬ ‫واش‬ She didn’t like the colors.ma-3jbuha-sh l-luwan..‫اللوان‬ ‫عجبوهاش‬ ‫ما‬ Followed by Another Verb 3jb can be followed by another verb. The second verb is always conjugated in the present, according to the same rule that you already learned regarding verbs following other verbs (see page 68). Remember that for the second verb, therefore, we remove the ka (‫ـ‬‫ك‬َ ) to place it after 3jb. I like to sleep after lunch.Kay-3jbni n-n3s mura l-ghda.He likes to play soccer.kay-3jbu y-l3b l-kura..‫رة‬‫ك‬ُ ‫ال‬ ‫يلعب‬ ‫يعجبو‬‫ك‬َ She doesn’t like to wake up early.ma-kay-3jbha-sh t-fiq bkri..‫بكري‬ ‫تفيق‬ ‫يعجبهاش‬‫ك‬َ ‫ما‬ Do you like to run early in the morning?wesh kay-3jbk t-jri S-Sba7 bkri? .‫الغدا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫مو‬ ‫ننعس‬ ‫يعجبني‬‫ك‬َ ‫بكري؟‬ ‫الصباح‬ ‫تجري‬ ‫يعجبك‬‫ك‬َ ‫واش‬Peace Corps / Morocco • 93 What do you like to do on the weekend? shnu kay-3jbk t-dir f l-weekend? ‫الويكاند؟‬ ‫ف‬ ‫تدير‬ ‫يعجبك‬‫ك‬َ ‫شنو‬ Exercise: Make correct sentences using bj‫ع‬. kat-3jbk wesh kat-3jbu l-khdma kat-3jbha dyalk?‫ديالك؟‬ dyalu?‫ديالو؟‬ dyalha?‫ديالها؟‬ kat-3jbni iyeh kat-3jbu bzzaf. shwiya. kat-3jbha ‫تعجبك‬‫ك‬َ ‫الخدمة‬ ‫تعجبو‬‫ك‬َ ‫واش‬ ‫تعجبها‬‫ك‬َ .‫اف‬‫بز‬ّ .‫شوية‬ ‫تعجبني‬‫ك‬َ ‫تعجبو‬‫ك‬َ ‫تعجبها‬‫ك‬َ Exercise: Make as many sentences (affirmative and negative) as you can with bj‫ع‬ using these pictures. Suzy Ahmed Ronny & Nancy Aicha Moroccan Wisdom: ‫تشريش‬ ‫ما‬ .‫البحر‬ ‫قاع‬ ‫ف‬ ‫احلوت‬ ma-tshri-sh l-7ut f qa3 l-b7r. Don’t buy fish on the bottom of the sea. English equivalent: Don’t count your chickens before they hatch. ‫إيه‬94 • Moroccan Arabic The Verb “to need, to have to, must, should ” The verb (khSS) (‫)خص‬ translates into all of the following in English: “to need” or “to have to” or “must” ّ or “should.” It is conjugated by adding the object pronouns (see page 54) to the end of the verb. You do not normally conjugate it like a present tense verb; that is, you do not add kay or kat before the verb. Like other verbs, however, (khSS) may be followed by a second verb which is conjugated in the present tense, but without the prefix ka (see page 68). Some examples: I have to learn Arabic well.khSSni n-t3llm l-3rbiya mzyan.You should be on time.khSSk t-ji f l-wqt..‫الوقت‬ ‫ف‬ ‫تجي‬ ‫ك‬‫خص‬ ّ You shouldn’t stay up late.ma-khSSk-sh t-s-hr..‫تسهر‬ ‫كش‬‫خص‬ ّ ‫ما‬ I have to go.khSSni n-mshi. .‫مزيان‬ ‫ة‬‫بي‬ّ ‫العر‬ ‫نتعلّم‬ ‫ني‬‫خص‬ ّ .‫نمشي‬ ‫ني‬‫خص‬ ّ The meaning in the above examples depends largely on the context. However, when xṣṣ is followed by a noun, it only means “to need.” Some examples: I need cigarettes.khSSni l-garru. She needs a notebook.khSS-ha dftar. .‫و‬‫الگار‬ ّ ّ ‫ني‬‫خص‬ .‫دفتَر‬ ‫ها‬‫خص‬ ّ The past tense of khSS is formed by adding the verb kan before it. You do not conjugate kan if khSS is followed by another verb. If khSS is followed by a noun, however, kan must agree in gender and number with that noun. Examples: .‫البارح‬ ‫نقرى‬ ‫ني‬‫خص‬ ّ ‫كان‬ I had to study yesterday.kan khSSni n-qra l-bar7.I needed a book.kan khSSni ktab..‫كتاب‬ ‫ني‬‫ات‬‫خص‬ ّ ‫كان‬ I needed a ticket.kant khSSatni wrqa..‫ورقة‬ ‫ني‬‫خص‬ ّ ‫كانت‬ I needed books.kanu khSSuni ktub..‫كتوب‬ ‫ني‬‫و‬‫خص‬ ّ ‫كانو‬ Exercise: Write the expressions that go along with these signs using the verb khSS. Exercise: Answer the following question in Moroccan Arabic. shnu khSSk bash t-kun mutaTawwi3 naj7? ‫ناجح؟‬ ‫ع‬‫و‬‫ط‬ َ َ‫ت‬‫م‬ُ ‫تكون‬ ‫باش‬ ‫ك‬‫خص‬ ّ ‫شنو‬Peace Corps / Morocco • 95 The Verb “to want, to like” The verb bgha translates into the English “to want” and “to like.” When conjugated in the past tense, the verb expresses “to want,” but with a present tense meaning (see page 35). When conjugated in the present tense, the verb expresses “to like,” also with a present tense meaning. An example: I like mint tea. .‫النعناع‬ ‫ب‬ ‫أتاي‬ ‫نبغي‬‫ك‬َ kan-bghi atay b n-n3na3. When the verb is used with object pronouns (see page 54) in the present tense, it means “to love” or “to like” someone. Examples: I love you / I like you.kan-bghik..‫نبغيك‬‫ك‬َ I love him / I like him.kan-bghih..‫نبغيه‬‫ك‬َ I love her / I like her.kan-bghiha..‫نبغيها‬‫ك‬َ When this verb is followed by another verb, the second verb is always conjugated in the present tense without the prefix ka (see page 68). Some examples: I like to drink coffee in the morning.kan-bghi n-shrb l-qhwa f S-Sba7..‫الصباح‬ ‫ف‬ ‫القهوة‬ ‫نشرب‬ ‫نبغي‬‫ك‬َ He likes to read at night.kay-bghi y-qra b l-lil..‫الليل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫يقرى‬ ‫يبغي‬‫ك‬َ Because the past tense of bġa expresses a present tense meaning of “to want,” to express a past tense meaning of “to want,” you must first use a past tense conjugated form of the verb kan, followed by the past tense form of bġa. Examples: I wanted to leave early.knt bghit n-khrj bkri. She wanted to tell him something.kant bghat t-gul lih shi 7aja. .‫بكري‬ ‫نخرج‬ ‫بغيت‬ ‫كنت‬ .‫حاجة‬ ‫شي‬ ‫ليه‬ ‫تگول‬ ‫بغات‬ ‫كانت‬ Exercise: For each meal, write at least three sentences in which you express Moroccan food you like or dislike for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. ‫الفطور‬ 1. kan-bghi l-biD f l-fTur 2. 3. l-fTur l-ghda 1. 2. 3. ‫الغدا‬ l-3sha 1. 2. 3. ‫العشا‬