Travel#
Objective: By the end of the chapter, you will be able to: • describe future activities • identify means of transportation and use appropriate expressions for travel Future Tense Depending upon where you are in Morocco, people may form the future tense differently. Everyone in Morocco, however, should understand you regardless of which way you form the future tense. Forming the Future Tense To form the future tense, take the present tense form, drop the prefix ka, and add ġadi. Thus: سافر “to travel”safrI will travelghadi n-safrنسافر غادي you will travel (masc. sing.)ghadi t-safrتسافر غادي you will travel (fem. sing.)ghadi t-safriتسافري غادي he will travelghadi y-safrيسافر غادي she will travelghadi t-safrتسافر غادي we will travelghadi n-safruنسافرو غادي you will travel (plur.)ghadi t-safruتسافرو غادي they will travelghadi y-safruيسافرو غادي In some places, ghadi is also used with a feminine form, ghadya, and a plural form, ghadyin. In this case, the future tense would be as follows: سافر “to travel”SafrI will travel (masc.)ghadi n-safrنسافر غادي I will travel (fem.)ghadya n-safrنسافر غادية you will travel (masc. sing.)ghadi t-safrتسافر غادي you will travel (fem. sing.)ghadya t-safriتسافري غادية he will travelghadi y-safrيسافر غادي she will travelghadya t-safrتسافر غادية we will travelghadyin n-safruنسافرو غاديين you will travel (plur.)ghadyin t-safruتسافرو غاديين they will travelghadyin y-safruيسافرو غاديين102 • Moroccan Arabic Sometimes, ġadi is contracted to ġa. The future tense in this case: سافر “to travel”safrI will travelghan-safrنسافرغَ you will travel (masc. sing.)ghat-safrتسافرغَ you will travel (fem. sing.)ghat-safriتسافريغَ he will travelghay-safrيسافرغَ she will travelghat-safrتسافرغَ we will travelghan-safruنسافروغَ you will travel (plur.)ghat-safruتسافروغَ they will travelghay-safruيسافروغَ Negation of the Future Tense To form the negative of the future tense, add (ma…sh) (ش … )ما to ghadi, ghadya, or ghadyin. Will you travel?wesh ghadi t-safr? No, I will not travel.lla, ma-ghadi-sh n-safr. تسافر؟ غادي واش .نسافر غاديش ما ،ّال To express “will never,” we do not use the future tense, but rather ma 3mmr (رعم ّ )ما and the present tense of a verb without the prefix ka. I will never smoke.ma 3mmri n-kmi. We will never travel at night.ma 3mmrna n-safru b l-lil. .نكمي ريعم ّ ما .الليل ب نسافرو رناعم ّ ما To express “not yet” when speaking about the future, use mazal ma (ما )مازال or baqi ma (ما )باقي with the future tense. We will not go to bed yet.mazal ma ghadyin n-n3su..عسونّ غاديين ما مازال I will not get married yet.baqi ma ghadi n-tzuwj..جنتزو ّ غادي ما باقي For the remainder of the book, all of the different forms of the future tense will be used in order for you to become familiar with all of them.Peace Corps / Morocco • 103 Using the Participle ghadi to Mean “Going” In English, we have two ways of expressing the future. I will speak to him tomorrow. I am going to speak to him tomorrow. Both of these ways of expressing the future are expressed by the future tense in Moroccan Arabic. In the following examples, therefore, both English translations can be given for the Arabic expressions. What will I wear? What am I going to wear?shnu ghadi n-lbs? I will sleep. I am going to sleep.ghadi n-n3s. نلبس؟ غادي شنو .عسنّ غادي When the word (ghadi) is preceded by the conjugated past tense of the verb kan, “to be,” it indicates a past intention or a past future. Some examples: He was going to travel to America, but he didn’t have a visa. (i.e. he had intended…) She was going to marry last year. (i.e. she had planned…) kan ghadi y-safr l mirikan welakin ma-kant-sh 3ndu l-viza. kant ghadya t-tzuwj l-3am l-li fat. نشتكا ما نلَكوَ ريكانم ل يسافر غادي كان .الڤيزا عندو .فات اللي العام جتتزو ّ غادية كانت The use of (ghadi) to indicate future or past future should be distinguished from its use as a participle to indicating that someone is literally “going” somewhere at the present moment (or “was going” at a past moment). In other words, besides its role as an “auxiliary verb” to indicate future, ghadi also acts as the active participle of the verb (msha), “to go.” Thus, msha is used only to express a habitual action when it is conjugated in the present tense. To express a current action, the participle ghadi is used. I go to souk on Tuesdays. (habitual)kan-mshi l s-suq nhar t-tlat.I am going to souk. (now)ana ghadi l s-suq..السوق ل غادي أنا Where do you go every weekend? (habitual)fin kat-mshi kul weekend?ويكاند؟ لكُ تمشيكَ فين Where are you going? (now)fin ghadi? .التالت نهار السوق ل نمشيكَ غادي؟ فين This idea of a current, progressive action may also be expressed in the past, and should be distinguished, again, from the idea of past intention or past future that was discussed above. He was going to travel to America, but he didn’t have a visa. (past intention)kan ghadi y-safr l mirikan welakin ma-kant-sh 3ndu l-viza.نشتكا ما نلَكوَ ريكانم ل يسافر غادي كان He was going to souk when he saw his friend. (past progressive action)kan ghadi l s-suq mlli shaf Sa7bu..صاحبو شاف ملّي السوق ل غادي كان I was not going to lie to you! (negative past intention)ma-knt-sh ghadi n-kdb 3lik!!عليك نكدب غادي كنتش ما I was not going to souk! (negative past progressive action)ma-knt-sh ghadi l s-suq! .الڤيزا عندو !السوق ل غادي كنتش ما104 • Moroccan Arabic Time Expressions اغد ّ tomorrowghddaday after tomorrowb3d ghddatomorrow morningghdda f S-Sba7الصباح ف اغد ّ tomorrow afternoon/eveningghdda f l-3shiyaةالعشي ف اغد ّ ّ next Saturdays-sbt j-jay / l-majiالماجي / الجاي السبت next weeks-simana j-jaya / l-majyaالماجية / الجاية السيمانة next monthsh-sh-hr j-jay / l-majiالماجي / الجاي الشهر next yearl-3am j-jay / l-majiالماجي / الجاي العام next summerS-Sif j-jay / l-majiالماجي / الجاي الصيف in a week / month / yearmn hna simana / sh-hr / 3amone day / some daywa7d nhar / shi nharنهار شي / نهار واحد after lunch / dinnermn b3d l-ghda / l-3shaالعشا / الغدا بعد من اغد ّ بعد عام / شهر / سيمانة هنا من Some examples of the future tense using time expressions: Are you going to go to the cinema in the evening?wesh ghadi t-mshi l s-sinima f l-3shiya?ة؟العشي ف ماالسين ل تمشي غادي واش ّ No, I’m not going to go. I’m going to sleep a little bit.lla, ma-ghadi-sh n-mshi. ghadi n-n3s shwiya. mn b3d l-3sha, ghadi n- qra l-ktab dyali. shi nhar, ghadya n-tkllm l-3rbiya mzyan..ةشوي ّ عسنّ غادي .نمشي غاديش ما ،ّال After dinner, I’ll read my book. Someday, I (fem.) will speak Arabic well. .ديالي الكتاب نقرى غادي ،العشا بعد من .مزيان ةبيّ العر نتكلّم غادية ،نهار شي Exercise: Put the verbs in parentheses in the future tense. Zahra: fuqash (naD) ghdda? ا؟غد ّ )ناض( فوقاش :زهرة Chad: (faq) f 7:00..7:00 ف )(فاق :تشاد Zahra: shnu (dar) mn b3d?بعد؟ من )(دار شنو :زهرة Chad: (fTr) u (khrj)..)(خرج و )(فطر :تشاد Zahra: fin (msha) mn b3d?بعد؟ من )(مشى فين :زهرة Chad: (msha) l l-khdma dyali f 12:00. (tghdda) m3a Sa7bi Tom f mT3m s-salam. mn b3d (rj3) l D-Dar. f 3:00 shwiya l-3rbiya m3a l-ustad dyali. Zahra: wesh (ja) (t3sh-sha) m3ana ghdda inshallah? .12:00 ف ديالي الخدمة ل )(مشى :تشاد .المالس ّ َ مطعم ف طوم صاحبي مع َ )ى(تغد ةشوي ّ 3:00 ف .الدار ل )(رجع بعد من .ديالي األُستاد مع َ ةبيّ العر اهلل؟ إنشا اغد ّ نامع َ )ىشّ (تع )(جا واش :زهرةPeace Corps / Morocco • 105 Chad: wakha! n-shufkum ghdda inshallah. .اهلل إنشا اغد ّ مكُ نشوف !اخّ وَ :تشاد Dialogue Mohamed: fuqash ghadya t-mshi l l-7fla?الحفلة؟ ل تمشي غادية فوقاش :محمد Karla: ltnin f t-tmnya u nS..نص و التمنية ف لتنين :كارال Mohamed: ashmn wqt ghadya t-tlaqay l-ustad dyalk?ديالك؟ األُستاد تّالقاي غادية وقت أشمن :محمد Karla: t-tlat f j-juj u tulut..تُلُت و الجوج ف التالت :كارال Mohamed: fuqash ghadia t-shufi l-film?الفيلم؟ تشوفي غادية فوقاش :محمد Karla: larb3 f t-ts3ud u rb3..ربع و التسعود ف الربع :كارال Mohamed: fuqash ghadya t-l3bi t-tinis? l-khmis f r-rb3a lla Karla: rub. Mohamed: imta ghadya t-shufi T-Tbib? Karla: j-jm3a f l-7Dash nishan. س؟نالت تلعبي غادية فوقاش :محمد .روب ّال الربعة ف الخميس :كارال الطبيب؟ تشوفي غادية متىإ :محمد .نيشان الحضاش ف الجمعة :كارال تّقداي؟ غادية إمتى :محمد Mohamed: imta ghadya t-tqday? s-sbt f l-khmsa ql khmsa. Mohamed: ashmn wqt ghadi y-khrj t-tran fash ghadya t-rkbi? Karla: l-7dd f l-3shra ql qSmayn. Karla: .خمسة قل الخمسة ف السبت :كارال غادية فاش التران يخرج غادي وقت أشمن :محمد تركبي؟ .ينمَ قص قل العشرة ف الحد :كارال ّ Exercise: Read the dialogue again quickly and write down Karla’s plan for the week (write down the times using numbers, not words). Then, write your own schedule for the upcoming week. What will you be doing each day? At what time? Travel General Travel Information Public transport in Morocco is both inexpensive and easy to use. Between major cities, trains are the quickest and most comfortable means of travel, although they can be crowded at certain times of year. Buses are the cheapest choice and can vary in terms of speed and comfort. Traveling Between Cities CTM: This is the national bus line, very comfortable, on schedule, seats are reserved and can be purchased in advance in most places. Unaccompanied baggage can be sent via CTM. Souk buses: In each large town there is a bus station, such as El-Qamra in Rabat. One can buy a ticket one day in advance and fares are set. Sometimes the ticket is for a reserved seat, other times it is for whatever seat is open when the bus goes through town. A ticket does not necessarily mean there is a real seat either. Sometimes there are additional places set-up in the aisle. You have to bargain for the price you pay for your luggage if this gets stored on top of the bus. The price depends upon the size of the piece. It is advisable to carry smaller pieces of luggage you can store in the bus itself. Souk buses106 • Moroccan Arabic do not always leave or arrive on time. They may stop in the middle of nowhere. They may also stop in towns along the way looking for additional passengers. Train: There are two classes: first and second. The price of any train car with air conditioning will be higher. Sometimes there are schedule changes, but no available printed timetables. Check to be sure that the time you wish to travel is still accurate. Train tickets can be bought in advance, and this is the only form of local transportation on which you can buy a round-trip ticket. Grand taxis: This is for travel between large towns and cities. They carry 6 passengers and since the fare is per seat, if you want you can pay for empty seats so that the taxi leaves earlier. Ask the other passengers in the car what the regular fare should be, do not ask the driver first. If you want to take the entire taxi for yourself, ask for a taxi “coursa.” Baggage does not cost extra in a taxi. Pick-up truck (camio): In some areas where no public transportation is available, people use their personal trucks to carry supplies to their douars, they also take passengers at a rate that they determine themselves. Airport transportation: There are airport buses and trains which run from Rabat Ville to the Casablanca airport. There are also airport buses which connect the airport to Casablanca but from Rabat/Sale airport there are only taxis. Travel Within Cities Petit taxis: Every city has petit taxis which can carry up to three passengers. The fare is calculated by meter. When you get in the taxi, ask that the meter be turned on. If there is no meter, or if it does not work, ask the price before you begin. Since the taxi can take 3 passengers, if you are the only one getting in, he can pick up other passengers. If you are the second or third person entering the taxi, ask the price for your trip. At night (usually by 8 pm) until sunrise, the fare is 50% more than the daytime fare. Chariots: In very small villages, the chariots are used to get people to the weekly souk or to towns on the main road, where larger transportation is available for farther distances. Travel Expressions الطاكسي taxiT-TaxiWhere is the taxi stand?fin blaSa d T-Taxiyat?Please take me to…wSSlni 3afak l……ل فاكعَ لنيوص ّ I want to go to this address.bghit n-mshi l had l-3unwan..نوانالع ُ دهَ ل نمشي بغيت Please wait a minute for me.tsnnani 3afak shwiya.How much, please?sh7al 3afak?Turn on the meter, please.khddm l-kuntur 3afak.Stop here, please.wqf hna 3afak..فاكعَ هنا وقف small taxi (petit taxi, inside city)Taxi Sghirصغير طاكسي large taxi (grand taxi, b/w cities)Taxi kbirكبير طاكسي Is there a seat to …wesh kayna shi blaSa l…Yes, there is.iyeh, kayna.How many seats are reserved so far?sh7al mn blaSa kayna deba? الطاكسيات؟ د بالصة فين .ةشوي ّ ّ فاكعَ انيتسن فاك؟عَ شحال .فاكعَ نتوركُ ال مخد ّ …ل بالصة شي كاينة واش .كاينة ،إيه با؟دَ كاينة بالصة من شحالPeace Corps / Morocco • 107 .الخامسة نت و ربعة Four and you are the fifth.rb3a u nti l-khamsa.I want to pay for 2 seats.bghit n-khllS juj blayS.taxi drivermul Taxitaxi driversh-shifur d Taxibaggagel-bagajالباگاج trunkl-kufrالكوفر city busT-Tobisالطوبيس city bus depot / stopma7TTat T-Tobisat .باليص جوج نخلّص بغيت طاكسي مول طاكسي د الشيفور الطوبيسات حطّةمَ Can you stop here?fin kay-wqf T-Tobis rqm…? wesh kay-wqf T-Tobis rqm… hna? wesh had T-Tobis kay-duz 3la…? ashmn Tobis khSSni n-akhud ila bghit n- mshi l…? wesh ymkn lik t-wqf hna?last stop / terminust-tirminusنوسرمالت driversh-shifurالشيفور ticket takerr-rusuvurالروسوڤور bus (between cities)l-karbus stationma7TTat l-kiranWhich bus is going to … ?ashmn kar ghadi l…?؟…ل غادي كار أشمن ؟…ل الكار يخرجكَ فوقاش When does the bus arrive to …?fuqash kay-khrj l-kar l…? fuqash kay-wSl l-kar l…?؟…ل الكار يوصلكَ فوقاش I want a ticket to …bghit wa7d l-wrqa l…?؟…ل الورقة واحد بغيت How much is the ticket to … ?bsh7al l-wrqa l…? Where does bus #… stop? Does bus #… stop here? Does this bus go by … ? Which bus do I need to take if I want to go to … ? When does the bus leave to … ? Tell me when we arrive to …bghit n-dir S-Sak dyali 7daya. 3afak mlli wSlna l… gulha liya. Driversh-shifur I want to keep my bag with me. ؟…رقم الطوبيس يوقفكَ فين هنا؟ …رقم الطوبيس يوقفكَ واش ؟…على يدوزكَ الطوبيس دهَ واش نمشي بغيت إال دناخ ُ نيخص ّ طوبيس نأشم ؟…ل هنا؟ توقف ليك يمكن واش الكار الكيران حطّةمَ ؟…ل الورقة بشحال .حدايا ديالي الصاك رندي بغيت .اليّ گولها …ل وصلنا إلى فاكعَ الشيفور108 • Moroccan Arabic الگريسون driver’s assistantl-grisunHow long will you stop here?sh7al ghadi t-bqa hna?هنا؟ تبقى غادي شحال Is this seat empty?wesh had l-blaSa khawya?خاوية؟ البالصة دهَ واش traint-tranالتران train stationlagarالگار Is there a train to …wesh kayn shi tran l…?؟…ل تران شي كاين واش Where do they sell the tickets, please?fin kay-qT3u l-wraq 3afak?فاك؟عَ الوراق يقطعوكَ فين Can I reserve a sleeper car to Oujda?wesh ymkn liya n-rizirvi kushiT l wjda?وجدة؟ ل كوشيط رڤيزنر اليّ يمكن واش I want to keep the ticket.bghit n-7tafD b l-wrqa. .الورقة ب نحتَفض بغيت Dialogue تديري؟ غادية شنو shnu ghadya t-diri? Doha: shnu ghadya t-diri s-simana j-jaya? Jill: ghadya n-safr l Marrakech.الجاية؟ السيمانة تديري غادية شنو :حىض ُ Doha: fash ghadya t-mshi?تمشي؟ غادية فاش :حىض ُ Jill: f t-tran wlla f s-satyam (CTM). Doha: fuqash ghadya t-khrji mn Rabat? Jill: ghadya n-khrj f t-tmnya u nS d S-Sba7. Doha: fin ghadya t-glsi f Marrakech? Jill: f loṭil. Doha: shnu ghadya t-diri tmma? Jill: ghadya n-tsara: ghadya n-mshi l jam3 l-fna u qSr l-bdi3… Doha: iwa, tTriq s-slama. Jill: lla y-slmk. .مراكش ل نسافر غادية :دجيل .تيامالس َ ف ّوال التران ف :دجيل الرباط؟ من تخرجي غادية فوقاش :حىض ُ .الصباح د نص و التمنية ف نخرج غادية :دجيل مراكش؟ ف تگلسي غادية فين :حىض ُ .لوطيل ف :دجيل ا؟تم ُ ّ تديري غادية شنو :حىض و الفنا جامع ل نمشي غادية :نتسارى غادية :دجيل …البديع قصر .السالمة طريق ،إوا :حىض ُ .يسلمك اهلل :دجيل 1. shnu bghat t-dir Jessica?؟دجسيكا تدير بغات شنو .1 2. wesh ghadya t-mshi l Fes?فاس؟ ل تمشي غادية واش .2 4. wesh ghadya t-mshi f l-kar? الكار؟ ف تمشي غادية واش .3 4. fin ghadya t-glsi?؟يتگلس غادية فين .4 5. fin kayna jam3 l-fna?الفنا؟ جامع كاينة فين .5