diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHooks.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHooks.js
index e58c5484ef92..12c398709528 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHooks.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHooks.js
@@ -1256,10 +1256,19 @@ function updateReducerImpl<S, A>(
     queue.pending = null;
   }
 
-  if (baseQueue !== null) {
+  const baseState = hook.baseState;
+  if (baseQueue === null) {
+    // If there are no pending updates, then the memoized state should be the
+    // same as the base state. Currently these only diverge in the case of
+    // useOptimistic, because useOptimistic accepts a new baseState on
+    // every render.
+    hook.memoizedState = baseState;
+    // We don't need to call markWorkInProgressReceivedUpdate because
+    // baseState is derived from other reactive values.
+  } else {
     // We have a queue to process.
     const first = baseQueue.next;
-    let newState = hook.baseState;
+    let newState = baseState;
 
     let newBaseState = null;
     let newBaseQueueFirst = null;
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/__tests__/ReactAsyncActions-test.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/__tests__/ReactAsyncActions-test.js
index 0bf859f18862..1be91d36084e 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/__tests__/ReactAsyncActions-test.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/__tests__/ReactAsyncActions-test.js
@@ -818,6 +818,52 @@ describe('ReactAsyncActions', () => {
     );
   });
 
+  // @gate enableAsyncActions
+  test(
+    'regression: when there are no pending transitions, useOptimistic should ' +
+      'always return the passthrough value',
+    async () => {
+      let setCanonicalState;
+      function App() {
+        const [canonicalState, _setCanonicalState] = useState(0);
+        const [optimisticState] = useOptimistic(canonicalState);
+        setCanonicalState = _setCanonicalState;
+
+        return (
+          <>
+            <div>
+              <Text text={'Canonical: ' + canonicalState} />
+            </div>
+            <div>
+              <Text text={'Optimistic: ' + optimisticState} />
+            </div>
+          </>
+        );
+      }
+
+      const root = ReactNoop.createRoot();
+      await act(() => root.render(<App />));
+      assertLog(['Canonical: 0', 'Optimistic: 0']);
+      expect(root).toMatchRenderedOutput(
+        <>
+          <div>Canonical: 0</div>
+          <div>Optimistic: 0</div>
+        </>,
+      );
+
+      // Update the canonical state. The optimistic state should update, too,
+      // even though there was no transition, and no call to setOptimisticState.
+      await act(() => setCanonicalState(1));
+      assertLog(['Canonical: 1', 'Optimistic: 1']);
+      expect(root).toMatchRenderedOutput(
+        <>
+          <div>Canonical: 1</div>
+          <div>Optimistic: 1</div>
+        </>,
+      );
+    },
+  );
+
   // @gate enableAsyncActions
   test('regression: useOptimistic during setState-in-render', async () => {
     // This is a regression test for a very specific case where useOptimistic is