diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Entrypoint/Pipeline.ts b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Entrypoint/Pipeline.ts
index 1127e91029328..1fc1e11fbc6fa 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Entrypoint/Pipeline.ts
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Entrypoint/Pipeline.ts
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ import {validateNoSetStateInPassiveEffects} from '../Validation/ValidateNoSetSta
 import {validateNoJSXInTryStatement} from '../Validation/ValidateNoJSXInTryStatement';
 import {propagateScopeDependenciesHIR} from '../HIR/PropagateScopeDependenciesHIR';
 import {outlineJSX} from '../Optimization/OutlineJsx';
+import {validateUseState} from '../Validation/ValidateUseState';
 
 export type CompilerPipelineValue =
   | {kind: 'ast'; name: string; value: CodegenFunction}
@@ -251,6 +252,10 @@ function* runWithEnvironment(
     validateNoJSXInTryStatement(hir);
   }
 
+  if (env.config.validateUseState) {
+    validateUseState(hir);
+  }
+
   inferReactivePlaces(hir);
   yield log({kind: 'hir', name: 'InferReactivePlaces', value: hir});
 
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/HIR/Environment.ts b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/HIR/Environment.ts
index 855bc039abf37..59b5abad45885 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/HIR/Environment.ts
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/HIR/Environment.ts
@@ -293,6 +293,15 @@ const EnvironmentConfigSchema = z.object({
   validateNoCapitalizedCalls: z.nullable(z.array(z.string())).default(null),
   validateBlocklistedImports: z.nullable(z.array(z.string())).default(null),
 
+  /**
+   * Validates that useState() calls use both the state and setter. If either are unused, the program
+   * may fail to update properly. An unused state value is generally used to force an update, but
+   * with the compiler applied a force update should not have any impact. An unused setter will cause
+   * the state value to never update, which implies turning a reactive state input into a non-reactive
+   * output, which will trigger stale UIs.
+   */
+  validateUseState: z.boolean().default(false),
+
   /*
    * When enabled, the compiler assumes that hooks follow the Rules of React:
    * - Hooks may memoize computation based on any of their parameters, thus
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Validation/ValidateUseState.ts b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Validation/ValidateUseState.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e0af33b4fe3cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Validation/ValidateUseState.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+import {CompilerError, ErrorSeverity} from '..';
+import {HIRFunction, isUseStateType} from '../HIR';
+
+/**
+ * Validates that `useState()` is not used for common anti-patterns:
+ *
+ * - Discarding the setter (`const [value] = useState(...)`) is a way
+ *   to force a reactive value not to update, which is not recommended.
+ * - Discarding the value (`const [,setter] = useState(...)`) is a way
+ *   to force-update the component, which is generally only required if
+ *   there is some shared mutable value that isn't properly subscribed.
+ *
+ * Note: this pass relies on DCE having run first to prune unused patterns
+ * from destructuring of useState results.
+ */
+export function validateUseState(fn: HIRFunction): void {
+  const error = new CompilerError();
+  for (const [, block] of fn.body.blocks) {
+    for (const instr of block.instructions) {
+      const value = instr.value;
+      if (
+        value.kind !== 'Destructure' ||
+        !isUseStateType(value.value.identifier) ||
+        value.lvalue.pattern.kind !== 'ArrayPattern' ||
+        value.lvalue.pattern.items.some(item => item.kind === 'Spread')
+      ) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      const items = value.lvalue.pattern.items;
+      if (items.length === 0 || items[0].kind === 'Hole') {
+        // unused state value
+        error.push({
+          reason:
+            'Using only a state setter, but not its value, will cause a component to re-render without updating',
+          description: null,
+          severity: ErrorSeverity.InvalidReact,
+          loc: value.value.loc,
+          suggestions: null,
+        });
+      }
+      if (items.length < 2 || items[1].kind === 'Hole') {
+        // unused setter
+        error.push({
+          reason:
+            'Using only a state value, but not its setter, will cause the component not to update when the state input changes',
+          description: null,
+          severity: ErrorSeverity.InvalidReact,
+          loc: value.value.loc,
+          suggestions: null,
+        });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (error.hasErrors()) {
+    throw error;
+  }
+}