diff --git a/db/migrate/create_outboxer_thread_counters.rb b/db/migrate/create_outboxer_thread_counters.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..527f028b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/db/migrate/create_outboxer_thread_counters.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+class CreateOutboxerThreadCounters < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
+  def up
+    create_table :outboxer_thread_counters do |t|
+      t.string  :hostname, limit: 255, null: false
+      t.integer :process_id, null: false
+      t.integer :thread_id, null: false
+
+      t.integer :publisher_id
+
+      t.integer :queued_count,     null: false
+      t.integer :publishing_count, null: false
+      t.integer :published_count,  null: false
+      t.integer :failed_count,     null: false
+
+      t.timestamps
+    end
+
+    add_index :outboxer_thread_counters, [:hostname, :process_id, :thread_id],
+      unique: true, name: "idx_outboxer_thread_counters_identity"
+  end
+
+  def down
+    drop_table :outboxer_thread_counters if table_exists?(:outboxer_thread_counters)
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/outboxer.rb b/lib/outboxer.rb
index 432720ac..3d5bdeb0 100644
--- a/lib/outboxer.rb
+++ b/lib/outboxer.rb
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 require_relative "outboxer/models/message"
 require_relative "outboxer/models/message_count"
 require_relative "outboxer/models/message_total"
+require_relative "outboxer/models/thread_counter"
 
 require_relative "outboxer/models/publisher"
 require_relative "outboxer/models/signal"
diff --git a/lib/outboxer/models/thread_counter.rb b/lib/outboxer/models/thread_counter.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..834efc74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/outboxer/models/thread_counter.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+module Outboxer
+  module Models
+    class ThreadCounter < ::ActiveRecord::Base
+      self.table_name = "outboxer_thread_counters"
+
+      def self.insert_or_increment_by(hostname: Socket.gethostname,
+                                      process_id: Process.pid,
+                                      thread_id: Thread.current.object_id,
+                                      queued_count: 0, publishing_count: 0,
+                                      published_count: 0, failed_count: 0,
+                                      time: Time.now.utc)
+        adapter = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.adapter_name.downcase
+        now = time.utc
+
+        sql = if adapter.include?("postgres")
+                <<~SQL
+                  INSERT INTO #{table_name}
+                    (hostname, process_id, thread_id,
+                     queued_count, publishing_count, published_count, failed_count,
+                     created_at, updated_at)
+                  VALUES (?, ?, ?, #{queued_count}, #{publishing_count},
+                          #{published_count}, #{failed_count}, ?, ?)
+                  ON CONFLICT (hostname, process_id, thread_id)
+                  DO UPDATE SET
+                    queued_count     = #{table_name}.queued_count     + #{queued_count},
+                    publishing_count = #{table_name}.publishing_count + #{publishing_count},
+                    published_count  = #{table_name}.published_count  + #{published_count},
+                    failed_count     = #{table_name}.failed_count     + #{failed_count},
+                    updated_at       = EXCLUDED.updated_at
+                SQL
+              else
+                <<~SQL
+                  INSERT INTO #{table_name}
+                    (hostname, process_id, thread_id,
+                     queued_count, publishing_count, published_count, failed_count,
+                     created_at, updated_at)
+                  VALUES (?, ?, ?, #{queued_count}, #{publishing_count},
+                          #{published_count}, #{failed_count}, ?, ?)
+                  ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
+                    queued_count     = queued_count     + #{queued_count},
+                    publishing_count = publishing_count + #{publishing_count},
+                    published_count  = published_count  + #{published_count},
+                    failed_count     = failed_count     + #{failed_count},
+                    updated_at       = VALUES(updated_at)
+                SQL
+              end
+
+        ActiveRecord::Base.connection.exec_query(
+          ActiveRecord::Base.sanitize_sql_array(
+            [sql, hostname, process_id, thread_id, now, now]
+          )
+        )
+
+        nil
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/lib/outboxer/models/thread_counter_spec.rb b/spec/lib/outboxer/models/thread_counter_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..427f4e8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/lib/outboxer/models/thread_counter_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+require "rails_helper"
+
+module Outboxer
+  module Models
+    RSpec.describe ThreadCounter, type: :model do
+      describe ".insert_or_increment_by" do
+        let(:hostname)   { "test-host" }
+        let(:process_id) { 12_345 }
+        let(:thread_id)  { 999 }
+        let(:now)        { Time.now.utc }
+
+        it "inserts a new row successfully" do
+          expect do
+            ThreadCounter.insert_or_increment_by(
+              hostname: hostname,
+              process_id: process_id,
+              thread_id: thread_id,
+              queued_count: 1,
+              time: now
+            )
+          end.to change(ThreadCounter, :count).by(1)
+
+          row = ThreadCounter.find_by(
+            hostname: hostname,
+            process_id: process_id,
+            thread_id: thread_id
+          )
+
+          expect(row).not_to be_nil
+          expect(row.queued_count).to eq(1)
+        end
+
+        it "increments existing counts if called again" do
+          ThreadCounter.insert_or_increment_by(
+            hostname: hostname,
+            process_id: process_id,
+            thread_id: thread_id,
+            queued_count: 1
+          )
+
+          ThreadCounter.insert_or_increment_by(
+            hostname: hostname,
+            process_id: process_id,
+            thread_id: thread_id,
+            queued_count: 2
+          )
+
+          row = ThreadCounter.find_by(
+            hostname: hostname,
+            process_id: process_id,
+            thread_id: thread_id
+          )
+
+          expect(row.queued_count).to eq(3)
+        end
+
+        it "updates multiple counters atomically" do
+          ThreadCounter.insert_or_increment_by(
+            hostname: hostname,
+            process_id: process_id,
+            thread_id: thread_id,
+            publishing_count: 1,
+            published_count: 2,
+            failed_count: 3
+          )
+
+          row = ThreadCounter.find_by(
+            hostname: hostname,
+            process_id: process_id,
+            thread_id: thread_id
+          )
+
+          expect(row.publishing_count).to eq(1)
+          expect(row.published_count).to eq(2)
+          expect(row.failed_count).to eq(3)
+        end
+
+        it "does not create duplicate rows on repeated calls" do
+          3.times do
+            ThreadCounter.insert_or_increment_by(
+              hostname: hostname,
+              process_id: process_id,
+              thread_id: thread_id,
+              queued_count: 1
+            )
+          end
+
+          count = ThreadCounter.where(
+            hostname: hostname,
+            process_id: process_id,
+            thread_id: thread_id
+          ).count
+
+          expect(count).to eq(1)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/tasks/database.rake b/tasks/database.rake
index 7397a1d2..f3e0b3c1 100644
--- a/tasks/database.rake
+++ b/tasks/database.rake
@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@ namespace :outboxer do
       db_config = Outboxer::Database.config(environment: environment, pool: 1)
       ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(db_config)
 
+      require_relative "../db/migrate/create_outboxer_thread_counters"
+      CreateOutboxerThreadCounters.new.up
+
       require_relative "../db/migrate/create_outboxer_messages"
       CreateOutboxerMessages.new.up