diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index a50f78b..a22d6b0 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 ## master (unreleased)
 
+- Reraise errors when running background schema migrations inline
+
 ## 0.16.1 (2024-03-29)
 
 - Improve error message when background schema migration name is already taken
diff --git a/lib/online_migrations/background_schema_migrations/migration_runner.rb b/lib/online_migrations/background_schema_migrations/migration_runner.rb
index ef77425..faf6125 100644
--- a/lib/online_migrations/background_schema_migrations/migration_runner.rb
+++ b/lib/online_migrations/background_schema_migrations/migration_runner.rb
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ def do_run
           )
 
           ::OnlineMigrations.config.background_schema_migrations.error_handler.call(e, migration)
+          raise if Utils.run_background_migrations_inline?
         end
 
         def should_throttle?
diff --git a/test/background_schema_migrations/migration_runner_test.rb b/test/background_schema_migrations/migration_runner_test.rb
index dfe2d5d..bacec1a 100644
--- a/test/background_schema_migrations/migration_runner_test.rb
+++ b/test/background_schema_migrations/migration_runner_test.rb
@@ -107,7 +107,9 @@ def test_adding_existing_index
 
     def test_run_saves_error_when_failed
       m = create_migration(definition: "SOME INVALID SQL")
-      run_migration(m)
+      assert_raises(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) do
+        run_migration(m)
+      end
 
       assert m.failed?
       assert m.finished_at
@@ -126,13 +128,38 @@ def test_run_calls_error_handler_when_failed
         assert_equal m, errored_migration
       end
 
-      run_migration(m)
+      assert_raises(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) do
+        run_migration(m)
+      end
 
       assert_instance_of ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid, handled_error
     ensure
       OnlineMigrations.config.background_schema_migrations.error_handler = previous
     end
 
+    def test_run_reraises_error_when_running_background_migrations_inline
+      m = create_migration(definition: "SOME INVALID SQL")
+
+      prev = OnlineMigrations.config.run_background_migrations_inline
+      OnlineMigrations.config.run_background_migrations_inline = -> { true }
+
+      assert_raises(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) do
+        run_migration(m)
+      end
+    ensure
+      OnlineMigrations.config.run_background_migrations_inline = prev
+    end
+
+    def test_run_do_not_reraise_error_when_running_background_migrations_in_background
+      m = create_migration(definition: "SOME INVALID SQL")
+
+      OnlineMigrations.config.stub(:run_background_migrations_inline, nil) do
+        assert_nothing_raised do
+          run_migration(m)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
     def test_uses_custom_statement_timeout
       m = create_migration(statement_timeout: 42)
       assert_sql("SET statement_timeout TO 42000") do
diff --git a/test/background_schema_migrations/migration_test.rb b/test/background_schema_migrations/migration_test.rb
index 8004f6f..a48b6d9 100644
--- a/test/background_schema_migrations/migration_test.rb
+++ b/test/background_schema_migrations/migration_test.rb
@@ -154,7 +154,9 @@ def test_creates_child_migrations_for_sharded_migration
 
     def test_retry
       m = create_migration(definition: "SOME INVALID SQL")
-      m.max_attempts.times { run_migration(m) }
+      assert_raises(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) do
+        m.max_attempts.times { run_migration(m) }
+      end
       assert m.failed?
 
       m.retry