diff --git a/firebase-vscode/src/data-connect/ad-hoc-mutations.ts b/firebase-vscode/src/data-connect/ad-hoc-mutations.ts
index 3fe6511465f..710e24bd8e0 100644
--- a/firebase-vscode/src/data-connect/ad-hoc-mutations.ts
+++ b/firebase-vscode/src/data-connect/ad-hoc-mutations.ts
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ export function registerAdHoc(
       const queryName = `${ast.name.value.charAt(0).toLowerCase()}${ast.name.value.slice(1)}s`;
 
       return `
-# This is a file for you to write an un-named queries. 
+# This is a file for you to write an un-named query.
 # Only one un-named query is allowed per file.
 query {
   ${queryName}${buildRecursiveObjectQuery(ast)!}
@@ -158,7 +158,9 @@ query {
     }
     const schema = buildClientSchema(introspect.data);
     const dataType = schema.getType(`${ast.name.value}_Data`);
-    if (!isInputObjectType(dataType)) return;
+    if (!isInputObjectType(dataType)) {
+      return;
+    }
 
     const adhocMutation = print(
       await makeAdHocMutation(
@@ -206,7 +208,9 @@ query {
     for (const field of fields) {
       const type = getNamedType(field.type);
       const defaultValue = getDefaultScalarValue(type.name);
-      if (!defaultValue) continue;
+      if (!defaultValue) {
+        continue;
+      }
 
       argumentFields.push({
         kind: Kind.OBJECT_FIELD,
diff --git a/firebase-vscode/src/data-connect/explorer-provider.ts b/firebase-vscode/src/data-connect/explorer-provider.ts
index 3c704e50a11..72c954a1bbf 100644
--- a/firebase-vscode/src/data-connect/explorer-provider.ts
+++ b/firebase-vscode/src/data-connect/explorer-provider.ts
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ export class ExplorerTreeDataProvider
           return { name: f.name, baseType: OPERATION_TYPE.mutation };
         });
     }
-    const field = this._field(element)
+    const field = this._field(element);
     if (field) {
       const unwrapped = this._baseType(field);
       const type = this._unref(unwrapped);
diff --git a/src/appdistribution/client.ts b/src/appdistribution/client.ts
index 4ed64962bc5..512b9bccf23 100644
--- a/src/appdistribution/client.ts
+++ b/src/appdistribution/client.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 import { ReadStream } from "fs";
 
-import { appDistributionOrigin } from "../api";
-import { Client, ClientResponse } from "../apiv2";
-import { FirebaseError } from "../error";
-import * as operationPoller from "../operation-poller";
 import * as utils from "../utils";
+import * as operationPoller from "../operation-poller";
 import { Distribution } from "./distribution";
+import { FirebaseError, getErrMsg } from "../error";
+import { Client, ClientResponse } from "../apiv2";
+import { appDistributionOrigin } from "../api";
+
 import {
   AabInfo,
   BatchRemoveTestersResponse,
@@ -83,8 +84,8 @@ export class AppDistributionClient {
 
     try {
       await this.appDistroV1Client.patch(`/${releaseName}`, data, { queryParams });
-    } catch (err: any) {
-      throw new FirebaseError(`failed to update release notes with ${err?.message}`);
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
+      throw new FirebaseError(`failed to update release notes with ${getErrMsg(err)}`);
     }
 
     utils.logSuccess("added release notes successfully");
@@ -172,8 +173,8 @@ export class AppDistributionClient {
         path: `${projectName}/testers:batchAdd`,
         body: { emails: emails },
       });
-    } catch (err: any) {
-      throw new FirebaseError(`Failed to add testers ${err}`);
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
+      throw new FirebaseError(`Failed to add testers ${getErrMsg(err)}`);
     }
 
     utils.logSuccess(`Testers created successfully`);
@@ -190,8 +191,8 @@ export class AppDistributionClient {
         path: `${projectName}/testers:batchRemove`,
         body: { emails: emails },
       });
-    } catch (err: any) {
-      throw new FirebaseError(`Failed to remove testers ${err}`);
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
+      throw new FirebaseError(`Failed to remove testers ${getErrMsg(err)}`);
     }
     return apiResponse.body;
   }
@@ -229,8 +230,8 @@ export class AppDistributionClient {
           alias === undefined ? `${projectName}/groups` : `${projectName}/groups?groupId=${alias}`,
         body: { displayName: displayName },
       });
-    } catch (err: any) {
-      throw new FirebaseError(`Failed to create group ${err}`);
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
+      throw new FirebaseError(`Failed to create group ${getErrMsg(err)}`);
     }
     return apiResponse.body;
   }
@@ -241,8 +242,8 @@ export class AppDistributionClient {
         method: "DELETE",
         path: groupName,
       });
-    } catch (err: any) {
-      throw new FirebaseError(`Failed to delete group ${err}`);
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
+      throw new FirebaseError(`Failed to delete group ${getErrMsg(err)}`);
     }
 
     utils.logSuccess(`Group deleted successfully`);
@@ -255,8 +256,8 @@ export class AppDistributionClient {
         path: `${groupName}:batchJoin`,
         body: { emails: emails },
       });
-    } catch (err: any) {
-      throw new FirebaseError(`Failed to add testers to group ${err}`);
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
+      throw new FirebaseError(`Failed to add testers to group ${getErrMsg(err)}`);
     }
 
     utils.logSuccess(`Testers added to group successfully`);
@@ -269,8 +270,8 @@ export class AppDistributionClient {
         path: `${groupName}:batchLeave`,
         body: { emails: emails },
       });
-    } catch (err: any) {
-      throw new FirebaseError(`Failed to remove testers from group ${err}`);
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
+      throw new FirebaseError(`Failed to remove testers from group ${getErrMsg(err)}`);
     }
 
     utils.logSuccess(`Testers removed from group successfully`);
@@ -291,8 +292,8 @@ export class AppDistributionClient {
         },
       });
       return response.body;
-    } catch (err: any) {
-      throw new FirebaseError(`Failed to create release test ${err}`);
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
+      throw new FirebaseError(`Failed to create release test ${getErrMsg(err)}`);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/src/appdistribution/distribution.ts b/src/appdistribution/distribution.ts
index 3175bde6c03..3f03d7ea35b 100644
--- a/src/appdistribution/distribution.ts
+++ b/src/appdistribution/distribution.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import * as fs from "fs-extra";
-import { FirebaseError } from "../error";
+import { FirebaseError, getErrMsg } from "../error";
 import { logger } from "../logger";
 import * as pathUtil from "path";
 
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ export class Distribution {
     let stat;
     try {
       stat = fs.statSync(path);
-    } catch (err: any) {
-      logger.info(err);
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
+      logger.info(getErrMsg(err));
       throw new FirebaseError(`File ${path} does not exist: verify that file points to a binary`);
     }
     if (!stat.isFile()) {
diff --git a/src/apphosting/backend.ts b/src/apphosting/backend.ts
index 42a563ddae5..8a5aa579901 100644
--- a/src/apphosting/backend.ts
+++ b/src/apphosting/backend.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import {
 import { Backend, BackendOutputOnlyFields, API_VERSION } from "../gcp/apphosting";
 import { addServiceAccountToRoles } from "../gcp/resourceManager";
 import * as iam from "../gcp/iam";
-import { FirebaseError } from "../error";
+import { FirebaseError, getErrStatus, getError } from "../error";
 import { promptOnce } from "../prompt";
 import { DEFAULT_LOCATION } from "./constants";
 import { ensure } from "../ensureApiEnabled";
@@ -269,13 +269,13 @@ async function promptNewBackendId(
     const backendId = await promptOnce(prompt);
     try {
       await apphosting.getBackend(projectId, location, backendId);
-    } catch (err: any) {
-      if (err.status === 404) {
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
+      if (getErrStatus(err) === 404) {
         return backendId;
       }
       throw new FirebaseError(
         `Failed to check if backend with id ${backendId} already exists in ${location}`,
-        { original: err },
+        { original: getError(err) },
       );
     }
     logWarning(`Backend with id ${backendId} already exists in ${location}`);
@@ -331,9 +331,9 @@ async function provisionDefaultComputeServiceAccount(projectId: string): Promise
       "Default service account used to run builds and deploys for Firebase App Hosting",
       "Firebase App Hosting compute service account",
     );
-  } catch (err: any) {
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
     // 409 Already Exists errors can safely be ignored.
-    if (err.status !== 409) {
+    if (getErrStatus(err) !== 409) {
       throw err;
     }
   }
@@ -422,9 +422,9 @@ export async function getBackendForLocation(
 ): Promise<apphosting.Backend> {
   try {
     return await apphosting.getBackend(projectId, location, backendId);
-  } catch (err: any) {
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
     throw new FirebaseError(`No backend named "${backendId}" found in ${location}.`, {
-      original: err,
+      original: getError(err),
     });
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/apphosting/secrets/index.ts b/src/apphosting/secrets/index.ts
index 6e8fbab8a53..1a59e88044d 100644
--- a/src/apphosting/secrets/index.ts
+++ b/src/apphosting/secrets/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { FirebaseError } from "../../error";
+import { FirebaseError, getErrStatus, getError } from "../../error";
 import * as iam from "../../gcp/iam";
 import * as gcsm from "../../gcp/secretManager";
 import * as gcb from "../../gcp/cloudbuild";
@@ -100,10 +100,10 @@ export async function grantSecretAccess(
   let existingBindings;
   try {
     existingBindings = (await gcsm.getIamPolicy({ projectId, name: secretName })).bindings || [];
-  } catch (err: any) {
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
     throw new FirebaseError(
       `Failed to get IAM bindings on secret: ${secretName}. Ensure you have the permissions to do so and try again.`,
-      { original: err },
+      { original: getError(err) },
     );
   }
 
@@ -111,10 +111,10 @@ export async function grantSecretAccess(
     // TODO: Merge with existing bindings with the same role
     const updatedBindings = existingBindings.concat(newBindings);
     await gcsm.setIamPolicy({ projectId, name: secretName }, updatedBindings);
-  } catch (err: any) {
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
     throw new FirebaseError(
       `Failed to set IAM bindings ${JSON.stringify(newBindings)} on secret: ${secretName}. Ensure you have the permissions to do so and try again.`,
-      { original: err },
+      { original: getError(err) },
     );
   }
 
@@ -136,9 +136,9 @@ export async function upsertSecret(
   let existing: gcsm.Secret;
   try {
     existing = await gcsm.getSecret(project, secret);
-  } catch (err: any) {
-    if (err.status !== 404) {
-      throw new FirebaseError("Unexpected error loading secret", { original: err });
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
+    if (getErrStatus(err) !== 404) {
+      throw new FirebaseError("Unexpected error loading secret", { original: getError(err) });
     }
     await gcsm.createSecret(project, secret, gcsm.labels("apphosting"), location);
     return true;
diff --git a/src/archiveDirectory.ts b/src/archiveDirectory.ts
index 46a6945a83e..cbcadd992b3 100644
--- a/src/archiveDirectory.ts
+++ b/src/archiveDirectory.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import * as path from "path";
 import * as tar from "tar";
 import * as tmp from "tmp";
 
-import { FirebaseError } from "./error";
+import { FirebaseError, getError } from "./error";
 import { listFiles } from "./listFiles";
 import { logger } from "./logger";
 import { Readable, Writable } from "stream";
@@ -62,11 +62,11 @@ export async function archiveDirectory(
     const archive = await makeArchive;
     logger.debug(`Archived ${filesize(archive.size)} in ${sourceDirectory}.`);
     return archive;
-  } catch (err: any) {
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
     if (err instanceof FirebaseError) {
       throw err;
     }
-    throw new FirebaseError("Failed to create archive.", { original: err });
+    throw new FirebaseError("Failed to create archive.", { original: getError(err) });
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/auth.ts b/src/auth.ts
index 368c676a19d..7ca487ad429 100644
--- a/src/auth.ts
+++ b/src/auth.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import * as url from "url";
 
 import * as apiv2 from "./apiv2";
 import { configstore } from "./configstore";
-import { FirebaseError } from "./error";
+import { FirebaseError, getErrMsg } from "./error";
 import * as utils from "./utils";
 import { logger } from "./logger";
 import { promptOnce } from "./prompt";
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ async function getTokensFromAuthorizationCode(
       headers: form.getHeaders(),
       skipLog: { body: true, queryParams: true, resBody: true },
     });
-  } catch (err: any) {
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
     if (err instanceof Error) {
       logger.debug("Token Fetch Error:", err.stack || "");
     } else {
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ async function loginWithLocalhost<ResultType>(
         const tokens = await getTokens(queryCode, callbackUrl);
         respondHtml(req, res, 200, successHtml);
         resolve(tokens);
-      } catch (err: any) {
+      } catch (err: unknown) {
         const html = await readTemplate("loginFailure.html");
         respondHtml(req, res, 400, html);
         reject(err);
@@ -730,8 +730,8 @@ export async function getAccessToken(refreshToken: string, authScopes: string[])
   } else {
     try {
       return refreshAuth();
-    } catch (err: any) {
-      logger.debug(`Unable to refresh token: ${err}`);
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
+      logger.debug(`Unable to refresh token: ${getErrMsg(err)}`);
     }
     throw new FirebaseError("Unable to getAccessToken");
   }
diff --git a/src/commands/appdistribution-distribute.ts b/src/commands/appdistribution-distribute.ts
index e67738b64e5..53f490e8cee 100644
--- a/src/commands/appdistribution-distribute.ts
+++ b/src/commands/appdistribution-distribute.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import {
   UploadReleaseResult,
   TestDevice,
 } from "../appdistribution/types";
-import { FirebaseError } from "../error";
+import { FirebaseError, getErrMsg, getErrStatus } from "../error";
 import { Distribution, DistributionFileType } from "../appdistribution/distribution";
 import {
   ensureFileExists,
@@ -96,8 +96,8 @@ export const command = new Command("appdistribution:distribute <release-binary-f
     if (distribution.distributionFileType() === DistributionFileType.AAB) {
       try {
         aabInfo = await requests.getAabInfo(appName);
-      } catch (err: any) {
-        if (err.status === 404) {
+      } catch (err: unknown) {
+        if (getErrStatus(err) === 404) {
           throw new FirebaseError(
             `App Distribution could not find your app ${options.app}. ` +
               `Make sure to onboard your app by pressing the "Get started" ` +
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ export const command = new Command("appdistribution:distribute <release-binary-f
             { exit: 1 },
           );
         }
-        throw new FirebaseError(`failed to determine AAB info. ${err.message}`, { exit: 1 });
+        throw new FirebaseError(`failed to determine AAB info. ${getErrMsg(err)}`, { exit: 1 });
       }
 
       if (
@@ -175,8 +175,8 @@ export const command = new Command("appdistribution:distribute <release-binary-f
         `Download the release binary (link expires in 1 hour): ${release.binaryDownloadUri}`,
       );
       releaseName = uploadResponse.release.name;
-    } catch (err: any) {
-      if (err.status === 404) {
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
+      if (getErrStatus(err) === 404) {
         throw new FirebaseError(
           `App Distribution could not find your app ${options.app}. ` +
             `Make sure to onboard your app by pressing the "Get started" ` +
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ export const command = new Command("appdistribution:distribute <release-binary-f
           { exit: 1 },
         );
       }
-      throw new FirebaseError(`Failed to upload release. ${err.message}`, { exit: 1 });
+      throw new FirebaseError(`Failed to upload release. ${getErrMsg(err)}`, { exit: 1 });
     }
 
     // If this is an app bundle and the certificate was originally blank fetch the updated
diff --git a/src/commands/appdistribution-groups-delete.ts b/src/commands/appdistribution-groups-delete.ts
index 5ec20d4afd5..62319e5c830 100644
--- a/src/commands/appdistribution-groups-delete.ts
+++ b/src/commands/appdistribution-groups-delete.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { Command } from "../command";
 import * as utils from "../utils";
 import { requireAuth } from "../requireAuth";
-import { FirebaseError } from "../error";
+import { FirebaseError, getErrMsg } from "../error";
 import { AppDistributionClient } from "../appdistribution/client";
 import { getProjectName } from "../appdistribution/options-parser-util";
 
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ export const command = new Command("appdistribution:groups:delete <alias>")
     try {
       utils.logBullet(`Deleting group from project`);
       await appDistroClient.deleteGroup(`${projectName}/groups/${alias}`);
-    } catch (err: any) {
-      throw new FirebaseError(`Failed to delete group ${err}`);
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
+      throw new FirebaseError(`Failed to delete group ${getErrMsg(err)}`);
     }
     utils.logSuccess(`Group ${alias} has successfully been deleted`);
   });
diff --git a/src/commands/appdistribution-testers-remove.ts b/src/commands/appdistribution-testers-remove.ts
index c3fb8c5b8bf..fbe6bbc8cf8 100644
--- a/src/commands/appdistribution-testers-remove.ts
+++ b/src/commands/appdistribution-testers-remove.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { Command } from "../command";
 import * as utils from "../utils";
 import { requireAuth } from "../requireAuth";
-import { FirebaseError } from "../error";
+import { FirebaseError, getErrMsg } from "../error";
 import { AppDistributionClient } from "../appdistribution/client";
 import { getEmails, getProjectName } from "../appdistribution/options-parser-util";
 import { logger } from "../logger";
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ export const command = new Command("appdistribution:testers:remove [emails...]")
       try {
         utils.logBullet(`Deleting ${emailsArr.length} testers from project`);
         deleteResponse = await appDistroClient.removeTesters(projectName, emailsArr);
-      } catch (err: any) {
-        throw new FirebaseError(`Failed to remove testers ${err}`);
+      } catch (err: unknown) {
+        throw new FirebaseError(`Failed to remove testers ${getErrMsg(err)}`);
       }
 
       if (!deleteResponse.emails) {
diff --git a/src/commands/apphosting-backends-delete.ts b/src/commands/apphosting-backends-delete.ts
index c3d50f94a9e..d6caed07346 100644
--- a/src/commands/apphosting-backends-delete.ts
+++ b/src/commands/apphosting-backends-delete.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { Command } from "../command";
 import { Options } from "../options";
 import { needProjectId } from "../projectUtils";
-import { FirebaseError } from "../error";
+import { FirebaseError, getError } from "../error";
 import { promptOnce } from "../prompt";
 import * as utils from "../utils";
 import * as apphosting from "../gcp/apphosting";
@@ -53,8 +53,10 @@ export const command = new Command("apphosting:backends:delete <backend>")
     try {
       await deleteBackendAndPoll(projectId, location, backendId);
       spinner.succeed(`Successfully deleted the backend: ${backendId}`);
-    } catch (err: any) {
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
       spinner.stop();
-      throw new FirebaseError(`Failed to delete backend: ${backendId}.`, { original: err });
+      throw new FirebaseError(`Failed to delete backend: ${backendId}.`, {
+        original: getError(err),
+      });
     }
   });
diff --git a/src/commands/apphosting-backends-get.ts b/src/commands/apphosting-backends-get.ts
index 2f3832a5939..c4f5f1dd083 100644
--- a/src/commands/apphosting-backends-get.ts
+++ b/src/commands/apphosting-backends-get.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { Command } from "../command";
 import { Options } from "../options";
 import { needProjectId } from "../projectUtils";
-import { FirebaseError } from "../error";
+import { FirebaseError, getError } from "../error";
 import { logWarning } from "../utils";
 import * as apphosting from "../gcp/apphosting";
 import { printBackendsTable } from "./apphosting-backends-list";
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ export const command = new Command("apphosting:backends:get <backend>")
         const allBackends = resp.backends || [];
         backendsList = allBackends.filter((bkd) => bkd.name.split("/").pop() === backend);
       }
-    } catch (err: any) {
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
       throw new FirebaseError(
         `Failed to get backend: ${backend}. Please check the parameters you have provided.`,
-        { original: err },
+        { original: getError(err) },
       );
     }
     if (backendsList.length === 0) {
diff --git a/src/commands/apps-create.ts b/src/commands/apps-create.ts
index fa08038dcc7..7826bc7848c 100644
--- a/src/commands/apps-create.ts
+++ b/src/commands/apps-create.ts
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ async function initiateIosAppCreation(options: CreateIosAppOptions): Promise<Ios
     });
     spinner.succeed();
     return appData;
-  } catch (err: any) {
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
     spinner.fail();
     throw err;
   }
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ async function initiateAndroidAppCreation(
     });
     spinner.succeed();
     return appData;
-  } catch (err: any) {
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
     spinner.fail();
     throw err;
   }
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ async function initiateWebAppCreation(options: CreateWebAppOptions): Promise<Web
     const appData = await createWebApp(options.project, { displayName: options.displayName });
     spinner.succeed();
     return appData;
-  } catch (err: any) {
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
     spinner.fail();
     throw err;
   }
diff --git a/src/commands/apps-list.ts b/src/commands/apps-list.ts
index bb75ef23a3c..766afb43426 100644
--- a/src/commands/apps-list.ts
+++ b/src/commands/apps-list.ts
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ export const command = new Command("apps:list [platform]")
     ).start();
     try {
       apps = await listFirebaseApps(projectId, appPlatform);
-    } catch (err: any) {
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
       spinner.fail();
       throw err;
     }
diff --git a/src/commands/apps-sdkconfig.ts b/src/commands/apps-sdkconfig.ts
index 4abaaf3b2f4..a6508fe9d84 100644
--- a/src/commands/apps-sdkconfig.ts
+++ b/src/commands/apps-sdkconfig.ts
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ export const command = new Command("apps:sdkconfig [platform] [appId]")
     ).start();
     try {
       configData = await getAppConfig(appId, appPlatform);
-    } catch (err: any) {
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
       spinner.fail();
       throw err;
     }
diff --git a/src/commands/database-import.ts b/src/commands/database-import.ts
index db5dfd5726b..f7a72034c0c 100644
--- a/src/commands/database-import.ts
+++ b/src/commands/database-import.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import * as utils from "../utils";
 import { Command } from "../command";
 import DatabaseImporter from "../database/import";
 import { Emulators } from "../emulator/types";
-import { FirebaseError } from "../error";
+import { FirebaseError, getErrMsg } from "../error";
 import { logger } from "../logger";
 import { needProjectId } from "../projectUtils";
 import { Options } from "../options";
@@ -97,12 +97,14 @@ export const command = new Command("database:import <path> [infile]")
     let responses;
     try {
       responses = await importer.execute();
-    } catch (err: any) {
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
       if (err instanceof FirebaseError) {
         throw err;
       }
-      logger.debug(err);
-      throw new FirebaseError(`Unexpected error while importing data: ${err}`, { exit: 2 });
+      logger.debug(getErrMsg(err));
+      throw new FirebaseError(`Unexpected error while importing data: ${getErrMsg(err)}`, {
+        exit: 2,
+      });
     }
 
     if (responses.length) {
diff --git a/src/commands/database-instances-list.ts b/src/commands/database-instances-list.ts
index faafdbfa2ea..42505f50610 100644
--- a/src/commands/database-instances-list.ts
+++ b/src/commands/database-instances-list.ts
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ export const command = new Command("database:instances:list")
     let instances: DatabaseInstance[] = [];
     try {
       instances = await listDatabaseInstances(projectId, location);
-    } catch (err: any) {
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
       spinner.fail();
       throw err;
     }
diff --git a/src/commands/database-push.ts b/src/commands/database-push.ts
index 0551970a684..7a9ea92c606 100644
--- a/src/commands/database-push.ts
+++ b/src/commands/database-push.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import * as fs from "fs";
 import { Client } from "../apiv2";
 import { Command } from "../command";
 import { Emulators } from "../emulator/types";
-import { FirebaseError } from "../error";
+import { FirebaseError, getErrMsg } from "../error";
 import { populateInstanceDetails } from "../management/database";
 import { printNoticeIfEmulated } from "../emulator/commandUtils";
 import { realtimeOriginOrEmulatorOrCustomUrl } from "../database/api";
@@ -52,9 +52,11 @@ export const command = new Command("database:push <path> [infile]")
         body: inStream,
         queryParams: u.searchParams,
       });
-    } catch (err: any) {
-      logger.debug(err);
-      throw new FirebaseError(`Unexpected error while pushing data: ${err}`, { exit: 2 });
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
+      logger.debug(getErrMsg(err));
+      throw new FirebaseError(`Unexpected error while pushing data: ${getErrMsg(err)}`, {
+        exit: 2,
+      });
     }
 
     if (!path.endsWith("/")) {
diff --git a/src/commands/database-set.ts b/src/commands/database-set.ts
index b53762ce43c..1b79fbf0e65 100644
--- a/src/commands/database-set.ts
+++ b/src/commands/database-set.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import * as fs from "fs";
 import { Client } from "../apiv2";
 import { Command } from "../command";
 import { Emulators } from "../emulator/types";
-import { FirebaseError } from "../error";
+import { FirebaseError, getErrMsg } from "../error";
 import { populateInstanceDetails } from "../management/database";
 import { printNoticeIfEmulated } from "../emulator/commandUtils";
 import { promptOnce } from "../prompt";
@@ -67,9 +67,11 @@ export const command = new Command("database:set <path> [infile]")
         body: inStream,
         queryParams: dbJsonURL.searchParams,
       });
-    } catch (err: any) {
-      logger.debug(err);
-      throw new FirebaseError(`Unexpected error while setting data: ${err}`, { exit: 2 });
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
+      logger.debug(getErrMsg(err));
+      throw new FirebaseError(`Unexpected error while setting data: ${getErrMsg(err)}`, {
+        exit: 2,
+      });
     }
 
     utils.logSuccess("Data persisted successfully");
diff --git a/src/commands/database-settings-get.ts b/src/commands/database-settings-get.ts
index 46281c2e0a5..f6109d3c503 100644
--- a/src/commands/database-settings-get.ts
+++ b/src/commands/database-settings-get.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { Client } from "../apiv2";
 import { Command } from "../command";
 import { DATABASE_SETTINGS, HELP_TEXT, INVALID_PATH_ERROR } from "../database/settings";
 import { Emulators } from "../emulator/types";
-import { FirebaseError } from "../error";
+import { FirebaseError, getError } from "../error";
 import { populateInstanceDetails } from "../management/database";
 import { realtimeOriginOrCustomUrl } from "../database/api";
 import { requirePermissions } from "../requirePermissions";
@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ export const command = new Command("database:settings:get <path>")
       let res;
       try {
         res = await c.get(u.pathname);
-      } catch (err: any) {
+      } catch (err: unknown) {
         throw new FirebaseError(`Unexpected error fetching configs at ${path}`, {
           exit: 2,
-          original: err,
+          original: getError(err),
         });
       }
       // strictTriggerValidation returns an object, not a single string.
diff --git a/src/commands/database-settings-set.ts b/src/commands/database-settings-set.ts
index eacd478bd1a..2b3ac73b956 100644
--- a/src/commands/database-settings-set.ts
+++ b/src/commands/database-settings-set.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { Client } from "../apiv2";
 import { Command } from "../command";
 import { DATABASE_SETTINGS, HELP_TEXT, INVALID_PATH_ERROR } from "../database/settings";
 import { Emulators } from "../emulator/types";
-import { FirebaseError } from "../error";
+import { FirebaseError, getError } from "../error";
 import { populateInstanceDetails } from "../management/database";
 import { realtimeOriginOrCustomUrl } from "../database/api";
 import { requirePermissions } from "../requirePermissions";
@@ -44,10 +44,10 @@ export const command = new Command("database:settings:set <path> <value>")
     const c = new Client({ urlPrefix: u.origin, auth: true });
     try {
       await c.put(u.pathname, JSON.stringify(parsedValue));
-    } catch (err: any) {
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
       throw new FirebaseError(`Unexpected error fetching configs at ${path}`, {
         exit: 2,
-        original: err,
+        original: getError(err),
       });
     }
     utils.logSuccess("Successfully set setting.");
diff --git a/src/commands/database-update.ts b/src/commands/database-update.ts
index 8ef2848e563..37e32039f8b 100644
--- a/src/commands/database-update.ts
+++ b/src/commands/database-update.ts
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ export const command = new Command("database:update <path> [infile]")
         body: inStream,
         queryParams: jsonUrl.searchParams,
       });
-    } catch (err: any) {
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
       throw new FirebaseError("Unexpected error while setting data");
     }
 
diff --git a/src/commands/ext-dev-init.ts b/src/commands/ext-dev-init.ts
index 4cfa2c782f7..b383fa577ea 100644
--- a/src/commands/ext-dev-init.ts
+++ b/src/commands/ext-dev-init.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { markedTerminal } from "marked-terminal";
 import { checkMinRequiredVersion } from "../checkMinRequiredVersion";
 import { Command } from "../command";
 import { Config } from "../config";
-import { FirebaseError } from "../error";
+import { FirebaseError, getErrMsg, getError } from "../error";
 import { promptOnce } from "../prompt";
 import { logger } from "../logger";
 import * as npmDependencies from "../init/features/functions/npm-dependencies";
@@ -69,12 +69,12 @@ export const command = new Command("ext:dev:init")
       await npmDependencies.askInstallDependencies({ source: "functions" }, config);
 
       return logger.info("\n" + marked(welcome));
-    } catch (err: any) {
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
       if (!(err instanceof FirebaseError)) {
         throw new FirebaseError(
-          `Error occurred when initializing files for new extension: ${err.message}`,
+          `Error occurred when initializing files for new extension: ${getErrMsg(err)}`,
           {
-            original: err,
+            original: getError(err),
           },
         );
       }
diff --git a/src/commands/ext-dev-list.ts b/src/commands/ext-dev-list.ts
index 7474ecf5ad1..f47c51a4dda 100644
--- a/src/commands/ext-dev-list.ts
+++ b/src/commands/ext-dev-list.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import * as clc from "colorette";
 const Table = require("cli-table");
 
 import { Command } from "../command";
-import { FirebaseError } from "../error";
+import { FirebaseError, getErrMsg } from "../error";
 import { last, logLabeledBullet } from "../utils";
 import { listExtensions } from "../extensions/publisherApi";
 import { logger } from "../logger";
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ export const command = new Command("ext:dev:list <publisherId>")
     let extensions;
     try {
       extensions = await listExtensions(publisherId);
-    } catch (err: any) {
-      throw new FirebaseError(err);
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
+      throw new FirebaseError(getErrMsg(err));
     }
 
     if (extensions.length < 1) {
diff --git a/src/commands/ext-dev-register.ts b/src/commands/ext-dev-register.ts
index ab5233b55c9..6c0697e1d68 100644
--- a/src/commands/ext-dev-register.ts
+++ b/src/commands/ext-dev-register.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import {
 } from "../extensions/extensionsHelper";
 import { acceptLatestPublisherTOS } from "../extensions/tos";
 import { requirePermissions } from "../requirePermissions";
-import { FirebaseError } from "../error";
+import { FirebaseError, getErrMsg, getErrStatus } from "../error";
 import * as utils from "../utils";
 import { PublisherProfile } from "../extensions/types";
 
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ export const command = new Command("ext:dev:register")
     let profile: PublisherProfile;
     try {
       profile = await registerPublisherProfile(projectId, publisherId);
-    } catch (err: any) {
-      if (err.status === 409) {
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
+      if (getErrStatus(err) === 409) {
         const error =
           `Couldn't register the publisher ID '${clc.bold(publisherId)}' to the project '${clc.bold(
             projectId,
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ export const command = new Command("ext:dev:register")
       throw new FirebaseError(
         `Failed to register publisher ID ${clc.bold(publisherId)} for project ${clc.bold(
           projectId,
-        )}: ${err.message}`,
+        )}: ${getErrMsg(err)}`,
       );
     }
     utils.logLabeledSuccess(
diff --git a/src/commands/ext-dev-upload.ts b/src/commands/ext-dev-upload.ts
index 3bbec6e8078..81a46fe6bc9 100644
--- a/src/commands/ext-dev-upload.ts
+++ b/src/commands/ext-dev-upload.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import { findExtensionYaml } from "../extensions/localHelper";
 import { consoleInstallLink } from "../extensions/publishHelpers";
 import { ExtensionVersion, PublisherProfile } from "../extensions/types";
 import { requireAuth } from "../requireAuth";
-import { FirebaseError } from "../error";
+import { FirebaseError, getErrStatus } from "../error";
 import { acceptLatestPublisherTOS } from "../extensions/tos";
 import * as utils from "../utils";
 import { Options } from "../options";
@@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ export async function uploadExtensionAction(
   let profile: PublisherProfile | undefined;
   try {
     profile = await getPublisherProfile("-", publisherId);
-  } catch (err: any) {
-    if (err.status === 404) {
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
+    if (getErrStatus(err) === 404) {
       throw getMissingPublisherError(publisherId);
     }
     throw err;
diff --git a/src/commands/ext-dev-usage.ts b/src/commands/ext-dev-usage.ts
index ac448afa678..e9cff76b2e8 100644
--- a/src/commands/ext-dev-usage.ts
+++ b/src/commands/ext-dev-usage.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import { checkMinRequiredVersion } from "../checkMinRequiredVersion";
 import { buildMetricsTableRow, parseTimeseriesResponse } from "../extensions/metricsUtils";
 import { getPublisherProfile, listExtensions } from "../extensions/publisherApi";
 import { getPublisherProjectFromName, logPrefix } from "../extensions/extensionsHelper";
-import { FirebaseError } from "../error";
+import { FirebaseError, getErrMsg, getError } from "../error";
 import { logger } from "../logger";
 import { promptOnce } from "../prompt";
 import { shortenUrl } from "../shortenUrl";
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ export const command = new Command("ext:dev:usage <publisherId>")
       let extensions;
       try {
         extensions = await listExtensions(publisherId);
-      } catch (err: any) {
-        throw new FirebaseError(err);
+      } catch (err: unknown) {
+        throw new FirebaseError(getErrMsg(err));
       }
 
       if (extensions.length < 1) {
@@ -89,11 +89,11 @@ export const command = new Command("ext:dev:usage <publisherId>")
     let response;
     try {
       response = await queryTimeSeries(query, projectNumber);
-    } catch (err: any) {
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
       throw new FirebaseError(
         `Error occurred when fetching usage data for extension ${extensionName}`,
         {
-          original: err,
+          original: getError(err),
         },
       );
     }
diff --git a/src/commands/ext-install.ts b/src/commands/ext-install.ts
index 1d2c4d33a74..ae87a324750 100644
--- a/src/commands/ext-install.ts
+++ b/src/commands/ext-install.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { displayExtensionVersionInfo } from "../extensions/displayExtensionInfo"
 import * as askUserForEventsConfig from "../extensions/askUserForEventsConfig";
 import { checkMinRequiredVersion } from "../checkMinRequiredVersion";
 import { Command } from "../command";
-import { FirebaseError } from "../error";
+import { FirebaseError, getErrMsg, getError } from "../error";
 import { logger } from "../logger";
 import { getProjectId, needProjectId } from "../projectUtils";
 import * as extensionsApi from "../extensions/extensionsApi";
@@ -151,11 +151,14 @@ export const command = new Command("ext:install [extensionRef]")
         nonInteractive: options.nonInteractive,
         force: options.force,
       });
-    } catch (err: any) {
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
       if (!(err instanceof FirebaseError)) {
-        throw new FirebaseError(`Error occurred saving the extension to manifest: ${err.message}`, {
-          original: err,
-        });
+        throw new FirebaseError(
+          `Error occurred saving the extension to manifest: ${getErrMsg(err)}`,
+          {
+            original: getError(err),
+          },
+        );
       }
       throw err;
     }
diff --git a/src/commands/ext.ts b/src/commands/ext.ts
index 8c93aa336d8..f48af49e1e5 100644
--- a/src/commands/ext.ts
+++ b/src/commands/ext.ts
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ export const command = new Command("ext")
       await requirePermissions(options, ["firebaseextensions.instances.list"]);
       const projectId = needProjectId(options);
       return listExtensions(projectId);
-    } catch (err: any) {
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
       return;
     }
   });
diff --git a/src/deploy/extensions/deploy.ts b/src/deploy/extensions/deploy.ts
index dc0bd7a095d..1cfdee1dbfc 100644
--- a/src/deploy/extensions/deploy.ts
+++ b/src/deploy/extensions/deploy.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,13 @@ import { bulkCheckProductsProvisioned } from "../../extensions/provisioningHelpe
 import { handleSecretParams } from "./secrets";
 import { checkBilling } from "./validate";
 
-export async function deploy(context: Context, options: Options, payload: Payload) {
+/**
+ * Deploys extensions
+ * @param context The deploy context
+ * @param options The deploy options
+ * @param payload The deploy payload
+ */
+export async function deploy(context: Context, options: Options, payload: Payload): Promise<void> {
   const projectId = needProjectId(options);
   // First, check that billing is enabled
   await checkBilling(projectId, options.nonInteractive);
@@ -21,8 +27,10 @@ export async function deploy(context: Context, options: Options, payload: Payloa
     ...(payload.instancesToConfigure ?? []),
   ]);
 
-  // Then, check if the secrets used exist, and prompt to create them if not.
-  await handleSecretParams(payload, context.have!, options.nonInteractive);
+  if (context.have) {
+    // Then, check if the secrets used exist, and prompt to create them if not.
+    await handleSecretParams(payload, context.have, options.nonInteractive);
+  }
 
   // Then, run validateOnly calls.
   const errorHandler = new ErrorHandler();
diff --git a/src/deploy/extensions/deploymentSummary.ts b/src/deploy/extensions/deploymentSummary.ts
index d8957191cd8..9775ae38b13 100644
--- a/src/deploy/extensions/deploymentSummary.ts
+++ b/src/deploy/extensions/deploymentSummary.ts
@@ -3,20 +3,25 @@ import * as clc from "colorette";
 import * as planner from "./planner";
 import * as refs from "../../extensions/refs";
 
-export const humanReadable = (dep: planner.InstanceSpec) =>
+/**
+ * humanReadable returns a human readable instanceID and reference
+ * @param dep An instance spec to get the information from
+ * @return a string indicating the instanceID and where it was installed from.
+ */
+export const humanReadable = (dep: planner.InstanceSpec): string =>
   `${clc.bold(dep.instanceId)} (${
     dep.ref ? `${refs.toExtensionVersionRef(dep.ref)}` : `Installed from local source`
   })`;
 
-const humanReadableUpdate = (from: planner.InstanceSpec, to: planner.InstanceSpec) => {
+const humanReadableUpdate = (from: planner.InstanceSpec, to: planner.InstanceSpec): string => {
   if (
     from.ref &&
     to.ref &&
     from.ref.publisherId === to.ref.publisherId &&
     from.ref.extensionId === to.ref.extensionId
   ) {
-    return `\t${clc.bold(from.instanceId)} (${refs.toExtensionVersionRef(from.ref!)} => ${
-      to.ref?.version
+    return `\t${clc.bold(from.instanceId)} (${refs.toExtensionVersionRef(from.ref)} => ${
+      to.ref?.version || ""
     })`;
   } else {
     const fromRef = from.ref
@@ -27,6 +32,11 @@ const humanReadableUpdate = (from: planner.InstanceSpec, to: planner.InstanceSpe
   }
 };
 
+/**
+ * createsSummary returns a formatted string of instance to be created.
+ * @param toCreate a list of instances to create
+ * @return a formatted string of instances to create.
+ */
 export function createsSummary(toCreate: planner.InstanceSpec[]): string {
   const instancesToCreate = toCreate.map((s) => `\t${humanReadable(s)}`).join("\n");
   return toCreate.length
@@ -34,6 +44,12 @@ export function createsSummary(toCreate: planner.InstanceSpec[]): string {
     : "";
 }
 
+/**
+ * updatesSummary returns a formatted string of instances to be updated
+ * @param toUpdate a list of instances to be updated
+ * @param have a list of extensions that are deployed
+ * @return a formatted string of instances to be updated
+ */
 export function updatesSummary(
   toUpdate: planner.InstanceSpec[],
   have: planner.InstanceSpec[],
@@ -41,7 +57,10 @@ export function updatesSummary(
   const instancesToUpdate = toUpdate
     .map((to) => {
       const from = have.find((exists) => exists.instanceId === to.instanceId);
-      return humanReadableUpdate(from!, to);
+      if (!from) {
+        return "";
+      }
+      return humanReadableUpdate(from, to);
     })
     .join("\n");
   return toUpdate.length
@@ -49,18 +68,28 @@ export function updatesSummary(
     : "";
 }
 
-export function configuresSummary(toConfigure: planner.InstanceSpec[]) {
+/**
+ * configureSummary shows a summary of what can be configured.
+ * @param toConfigure The list of instances to configure
+ * @return a formatted string of what will be configured
+ */
+export function configuresSummary(toConfigure: planner.InstanceSpec[]): string {
   const instancesToConfigure = toConfigure.map((s) => `\t${humanReadable(s)}`).join("\n");
   return toConfigure.length
     ? `The following extension instances will be configured:\n${instancesToConfigure}\n`
     : "";
 }
 
-export function deletesSummary(toDelete: planner.InstanceSpec[], isDynamic: boolean) {
+/**
+ * deleteSummary shows a summary of what can be deleted.
+ * @param toDelete The list of instances that could be deleted
+ * @param isDynamic If we are looking at extensions defined dynamically or not
+ * @return A formatted string containing the instances to be deleted
+ */
+export function deletesSummary(toDelete: planner.InstanceSpec[], isDynamic: boolean): string {
   const instancesToDelete = toDelete.map((s) => `\t${humanReadable(s)}`).join("\n");
   const definedLocation = isDynamic ? "your local source code" : "'firebase.json'";
   return toDelete.length
     ? `The following extension instances are found in your project but do not exist in ${definedLocation}:\n${instancesToDelete}\n`
     : "";
 }
-//
diff --git a/src/deploy/extensions/planner.ts b/src/deploy/extensions/planner.ts
index 8ae6260abb6..00e4e28035f 100644
--- a/src/deploy/extensions/planner.ts
+++ b/src/deploy/extensions/planner.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import * as semver from "semver";
 
 import * as extensionsApi from "../../extensions/extensionsApi";
 import * as refs from "../../extensions/refs";
-import { FirebaseError } from "../../error";
+import { FirebaseError, getErrMsg } from "../../error";
 import {
   getFirebaseProjectParams,
   isLocalPath,
@@ -85,7 +85,10 @@ export async function getExtension(i: InstanceSpec): Promise<Extension> {
   return i.extension;
 }
 
-/** Caching fetcher for the corresponding ExtensionSpec for an instance spec.
+/**
+ * Caching fetcher for the corresponding ExtensionSpec for an instance spec.
+ * @param i The instance spec to get the extension spec for.
+ * @return the extension spec for the instance spec.
  */
 export async function getExtensionSpec(i: InstanceSpec): Promise<ExtensionSpec> {
   if (!i.extensionSpec) {
@@ -94,25 +97,33 @@ export async function getExtensionSpec(i: InstanceSpec): Promise<ExtensionSpec>
       i.extensionSpec = extensionVersion.spec;
     } else if (i.localPath) {
       i.extensionSpec = await readExtensionYaml(i.localPath);
-      i.extensionSpec!.postinstallContent = await readPostinstall(i.localPath);
+      i.extensionSpec.postinstallContent = await readPostinstall(i.localPath);
     } else {
       throw new FirebaseError("InstanceSpec had no ref or localPath, unable to get extensionSpec");
     }
   }
-  return i.extensionSpec!;
+  if (!i.extensionSpec) {
+    throw new FirebaseError("Internal error getting extension");
+  }
+  return i.extensionSpec;
 }
 
 /**
  * haveDynamic checks a project for what extension instances created by SDK are
  * currently installed, and returns them as a list of instanceSpecs.
- * @param projectId
+ * @param projectId The projectId we are getting a list of extensions for
+ * @return a list of extensions deployed from functions deploy
  */
 export async function haveDynamic(projectId: string): Promise<DeploymentInstanceSpec[]> {
   return (await extensionsApi.listInstances(projectId))
     .filter((i) => i.labels?.createdBy === "SDK")
     .map((i) => {
+      const instanceId = i.name.split("/").pop();
+      if (!instanceId) {
+        throw new FirebaseError(`Internal error getting instanceId from ${i.name}`);
+      }
       const dep: DeploymentInstanceSpec = {
-        instanceId: i.name.split("/").pop()!,
+        instanceId,
         params: i.config.params,
         systemParams: i.config.systemParams ?? {},
         allowedEventTypes: i.config.allowedEventTypes,
@@ -132,14 +143,19 @@ export async function haveDynamic(projectId: string): Promise<DeploymentInstance
 /**
  * have checks a project for what extension instances created by console or CLI
  * are currently installed, and returns them as a list of instanceSpecs.
- * @param projectId
+ * @param projectId The projectId we are getting a list of extensions for
+ * @return a list extensions deployed from extensions deploy or console.
  */
 export async function have(projectId: string): Promise<DeploymentInstanceSpec[]> {
   return (await extensionsApi.listInstances(projectId))
     .filter((i) => !(i.labels?.createdBy === "SDK"))
     .map((i) => {
+      const instanceId = i.name.split("/").pop();
+      if (!instanceId) {
+        throw new FirebaseError(`Internal error getting instanceId from ${i.name}`);
+      }
       const dep: DeploymentInstanceSpec = {
-        instanceId: i.name.split("/").pop()!,
+        instanceId,
         params: i.config.params,
         systemParams: i.config.systemParams ?? {},
         allowedEventTypes: i.config.allowedEventTypes,
@@ -161,6 +177,7 @@ export async function have(projectId: string): Promise<DeploymentInstanceSpec[]>
 /**
  * wantDynamic checks the user's code for Extension SDKs usage and returns
  * any extensions the user has defined that way.
+ * @param args The various args passed to wantDynamic
  * @param args.projectId The project we are deploying to
  * @param args.projectNumber The project number we are deploying to.
  * @param args.extensions The extensions section of firebase.json
@@ -225,6 +242,7 @@ export async function wantDynamic(args: {
 /**
  * want checks firebase.json and the extensions directory for which extensions
  * the user wants installed on their project.
+ * @param args The various args passed to want.
  * @param args.projectId The project we are deploying to
  * @param args.projectNumber The project number we are deploying to. Used for checking .env files.
  * @param args.aliases An array of aliases for the project we are deploying to. Used for checking .env files.
@@ -232,6 +250,7 @@ export async function wantDynamic(args: {
  * @param args.extensions The extensions section of firebase.jsonm
  * @param args.emulatorMode Whether the output will be used by the Extensions emulator.
  *                     If true, this will check {instanceId}.env.local for params and will respect `demo-` project rules.
+ * @return an array of deployment instance specs to deploy.
  */
 export async function want(args: {
   projectId: string;
@@ -296,8 +315,8 @@ export async function want(args: {
           eventarcChannel: eventarcChannel,
         });
       }
-    } catch (err: any) {
-      logger.debug(`Got error reading extensions entry ${e}: ${err}`);
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
+      logger.debug(`Got error reading extensions entry ${e[0]} (${e[1]}): ${getErrMsg(err)}`);
       errors.push(err as FirebaseError);
     }
   }
@@ -311,7 +330,6 @@ export async function want(args: {
 /**
  * Resolves a semver string to the max matching version. If no version is specified,
  * it will default to the extension's latest approved version if set, otherwise to the latest version.
- *
  * @param ref the extension version ref
  * @param extension the extension (optional)
  */
diff --git a/src/deploy/extensions/prepare.ts b/src/deploy/extensions/prepare.ts
index a60fed542ee..61474b7eecf 100644
--- a/src/deploy/extensions/prepare.ts
+++ b/src/deploy/extensions/prepare.ts
@@ -22,6 +22,18 @@ import { Build } from "../functions/build";
 import { getEndpointFilters } from "../functions/functionsDeployHelper";
 import { DeployOptions } from "..";
 
+const matchesInstanceId = (dep: planner.InstanceSpec) => (test: planner.InstanceSpec) => {
+  return dep.instanceId === test.instanceId;
+};
+
+const isUpdate = (dep: planner.InstanceSpec) => (test: planner.InstanceSpec) => {
+  return dep.instanceId === test.instanceId && !refs.equal(dep.ref, test.ref);
+};
+
+const isConfigure = (dep: planner.InstanceSpec) => (test: planner.InstanceSpec) => {
+  return dep.instanceId === test.instanceId && refs.equal(dep.ref, test.ref);
+};
+
 // This is called by prepare and also prepareDynamicExtensions
 async function prepareHelper(
   context: Context,
@@ -30,7 +42,7 @@ async function prepareHelper(
   wantExtensions: planner.DeploymentInstanceSpec[],
   haveExtensions: planner.DeploymentInstanceSpec[],
   isDynamic: boolean,
-) {
+): Promise<void> {
   const projectId = needProjectId(options);
 
   context.want = wantExtensions;
@@ -141,13 +153,19 @@ async function prepareHelper(
   }
 }
 
-// This is called by functions/prepare so we can deploy the extensions defined by SDKs
+/**
+ * This is called by functions/prepare so we can deploy the extensions defined by SDKs
+ * @param context The prepare context
+ * @param options The prepare options
+ * @param payload The prepare payload
+ * @param builds firebase functions builds
+ */
 export async function prepareDynamicExtensions(
   context: Context,
   options: DeployOptions,
   payload: Payload,
   builds: Record<string, Build>,
-) {
+): Promise<void> {
   const filters = getEndpointFilters(options);
   const extensions = extractExtensionsFromBuilds(builds, filters);
   const projectId = needProjectId(options);
@@ -182,7 +200,17 @@ export async function prepareDynamicExtensions(
   );
 }
 
-export async function prepare(context: Context, options: DeployOptions, payload: Payload) {
+/**
+ * static Extensions prepare (not to be confused with dynamic extensions)
+ * @param context The prepare context
+ * @param options The prepare options
+ * @param payload The prepare payload
+ */
+export async function prepare(
+  context: Context,
+  options: DeployOptions,
+  payload: Payload,
+): Promise<void> {
   context.extensionsStartTime = Date.now();
   const projectId = needProjectId(options);
   const projectNumber = await needProjectNumber(options);
@@ -197,7 +225,7 @@ export async function prepare(context: Context, options: DeployOptions, payload:
     projectNumber,
     aliases,
     projectDir,
-    extensions: options.config.get("extensions", {}),
+    extensions: options.config.get("extensions", {}) as Record<string, string>,
   });
 
   const haveExtensions = await planner.have(projectId);
@@ -211,15 +239,3 @@ export async function prepare(context: Context, options: DeployOptions, payload:
     false /* isDynamic */,
   );
 }
-
-const matchesInstanceId = (dep: planner.InstanceSpec) => (test: planner.InstanceSpec) => {
-  return dep.instanceId === test.instanceId;
-};
-
-const isUpdate = (dep: planner.InstanceSpec) => (test: planner.InstanceSpec) => {
-  return dep.instanceId === test.instanceId && !refs.equal(dep.ref, test.ref);
-};
-
-const isConfigure = (dep: planner.InstanceSpec) => (test: planner.InstanceSpec) => {
-  return dep.instanceId === test.instanceId && refs.equal(dep.ref, test.ref);
-};
diff --git a/src/error.ts b/src/error.ts
index a7c87c7cb0d..ac8c4e0adf6 100644
--- a/src/error.ts
+++ b/src/error.ts
@@ -68,6 +68,18 @@ export function getErrStatus(err: unknown, defaultStatus?: number): number {
   return defaultStatus || DEFAULT_STATUS;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Safely gets an error object from an unknown object
+ * @param err The error to get an Error for.
+ * @return an Error object
+ */
+export function getError(err: unknown): Error {
+  if (err instanceof Error) {
+    return err;
+  }
+  return Error(getErrMsg(err));
+}
+
 /**
  * Checks if a FirebaseError is caused by attempting something
  * that requires billing enabled while billing is not enabled.
diff --git a/src/operation-poller.spec.ts b/src/operation-poller.spec.ts
index 1a9a9121cf4..6db9a7f1198 100644
--- a/src/operation-poller.spec.ts
+++ b/src/operation-poller.spec.ts
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ describe("OperationPoller", () => {
       let error;
       try {
         await pollOperation<string>(pollerOptions);
-      } catch (err: any) {
+      } catch (err: unknown) {
         error = err;
       }
       expect(error).to.be.instanceOf(TimeoutError);
diff --git a/src/requireDatabaseInstance.ts b/src/requireDatabaseInstance.ts
index e11f56505fe..a5eb6cc2bf4 100644
--- a/src/requireDatabaseInstance.ts
+++ b/src/requireDatabaseInstance.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import * as clc from "colorette";
-import { FirebaseError } from "./error";
+import { FirebaseError, getError } from "./error";
 import { getDefaultDatabaseInstance } from "./getDefaultDatabaseInstance";
 
 /**
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ export async function requireDatabaseInstance(options: any): Promise<void> {
   let instance;
   try {
     instance = await getDefaultDatabaseInstance(options);
-  } catch (err: any) {
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
     throw new FirebaseError(`Failed to get details for project: ${options.project}.`, {
-      original: err,
+      original: getError(err),
     });
   }
   if (instance === "") {
diff --git a/src/requirePermissions.ts b/src/requirePermissions.ts
index 9389f0b3c40..f2291f43c6a 100644
--- a/src/requirePermissions.ts
+++ b/src/requirePermissions.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { bold } from "colorette";
 import { getProjectId } from "./projectUtils";
 import { requireAuth } from "./requireAuth";
 import { logger } from "./logger";
-import { FirebaseError } from "./error";
+import { FirebaseError, getErrMsg } from "./error";
 import { testIamPermissions } from "./gcp/iam";
 
 // Permissions required for all commands.
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ export async function requirePermissions(options: any, permissions: string[] = [
         )}:\n\n  ${iamResult.missing.join("\n  ")}`,
       );
     }
-  } catch (err: any) {
-    logger.debug(`[iam] error while checking permissions, command may fail: ${err}`);
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
+    logger.debug(`[iam] error while checking permissions, command may fail: ${getErrMsg(err)}`);
     return;
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/rulesDeploy.ts b/src/rulesDeploy.ts
index ddd8cc81e07..9f8207b65cb 100644
--- a/src/rulesDeploy.ts
+++ b/src/rulesDeploy.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import * as fs from "fs-extra";
 
 import * as gcp from "./gcp";
 import { logger } from "./logger";
-import { FirebaseError } from "./error";
+import { FirebaseError, getErrStatus } from "./error";
 import * as utils from "./utils";
 
 import { promptOnce } from "./prompt";
@@ -202,8 +202,8 @@ export class RulesDeploy {
         this.rulesetNames[filename] = await rulesetName;
         createdRulesetNames.push(await rulesetName);
       }
-    } catch (err: any) {
-      if (err.status !== QUOTA_EXCEEDED_STATUS_CODE) {
+    } catch (err: unknown) {
+      if (getErrStatus(err) !== QUOTA_EXCEEDED_STATUS_CODE) {
         throw err;
       }
       utils.logLabeledBullet(RulesetType[this.type], "quota exceeded error while uploading rules");
diff --git a/src/utils.ts b/src/utils.ts
index e6dc0d32ecb..d58b5ce3741 100644
--- a/src/utils.ts
+++ b/src/utils.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import { stripVTControlCharacters } from "node:util";
 import { getPortPromise as getPort } from "portfinder";
 
 import { configstore } from "./configstore";
-import { FirebaseError } from "./error";
+import { FirebaseError, getErrMsg, getError } from "./error";
 import { logger, LogLevel } from "./logger";
 import { LogDataOrUndefined } from "./emulator/loggingEmulator";
 import { promptOnce } from "./prompt";
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ export async function promiseWhile<T>(
           return resolve(res);
         }
         setTimeout(run, interval);
-      } catch (err: any) {
+      } catch (err: unknown) {
         return promiseReject(err);
       }
     };
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ export async function promiseWithSpinner<T>(action: () => Promise<T>, message: s
   try {
     data = await action();
     spinner.succeed();
-  } catch (err: any) {
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
     spinner.fail();
     throw err;
   }
@@ -871,8 +871,8 @@ export function readFileFromDirectory(
 export function wrappedSafeLoad(source: string): any {
   try {
     return yaml.parse(source);
-  } catch (err: any) {
-    throw new FirebaseError(`YAML Error: ${err.message}`, { original: err });
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
+    throw new FirebaseError(`YAML Error: ${getErrMsg(err)}`, { original: getError(err) });
   }
 }