0x10^c is a new game by Mojang, the company behind Minecraft. It's a space game where your ship has several onboard, 16 bit CPUs with the "DCPU-16" instruction set, which is very simplistic (in line with 80's computers).
"This thing" is a C-like, high-level (compared to assembly) language that compiles to that instruction set.
This code below:
int main(){
int i = 1;
return a(1) + i;
}
// This is a comment
int a(int a) {
return a * 4; /* Look, ma, no local variables! */
}
compiles to this assembly:
SET PUSH, exit
SET PUSH, exit
SET PC, func_main
:exit SET PC, exit
:func_main
SET Z, 1
SET Y, Z
SET X, Y
SET I, SP
SET [I], X
SET PUSH, 0
SET I, SP
SET Z, 1
SET Y, Z
SET Z, Y
SET PUSH, Z
SET [I], PC
ADD [I], 3
SET PC, func_a
SET Y, Z
SET A, Y
SET I, SP
ADD I, 0
SET Z, [I]
SET Y, Z
ADD A, Y
ADD SP, 1
SET PC, POP
:func_a
SET I, SP
ADD I, 0
SET Z, [I]
SET Y, Z
SET Z, 4
MUL Y, Z
SET A, Y
ADD SP, 1
SET PC, POP
which can be run on any of the many DCPU emulators to see that A is set to the correct value, 5.
- Very ineffecient
Currently there are many useless register swaps. For example, the Z -> Y -> X swap that is very common could be removed entirely.
A program is a set of functions. A function consists of a type name, an identifier, an argument list, and a block.
A type name is one of the following strings: "int", "void". Any other type name is invalid.
An identifier is any string consisting entireley of alphanumeric characters and underscores not starting with a digit.
An argument list is a set of Type-Identifier pairs seperated with commas, enclosed with parenthesis:
(int foo, int bar). Only the following types are allowed: "int".
A block is a list of statements surrounded by curly brackets: { STATEMENTS }
A statement is one of the following:
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A creation, which consists of a type name, identifier, assignment operator, and expression. Only the following types are allowed: "int".
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An assignment, which consists of an lvalue, assignment operator, and expression. An lvalue is either an identifier previously declared in a creation, or a memory assignment which consists of an expression (the 'index') surrounded by square brackets:
[EXPRESSION]. -
An expression, which consists of terms seperated by the following operators: "+", "-".
-
Terms consist of factors seperatd by the following operators: "*", "/", "%".
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Factors consist of one of the following: a number, a character literal, a function call, an identifier, or a memory access.
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Numbers are either decimal- or hex- formatted number strings. A decimal number only contains digits from 0-9. A hex number includes at least "0x" and then optionally continues with the numbers 0-9 and the letters a-fA-F.
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Character literals consist of single quotes around the letters a-zA-Z
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A function call consists of an indentifier and then parenthesis around a comma-seperated list of expressions. A function call may be used in an expression only if it does NOT return "void". A "void" function may only be called in a single-factor, single-term expression (by itself).
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An identifier may only be used if previously declared in a creation.
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A memory access consists of an expression enclosed in square brackets, the same as a memory assignment.
-
-
A statement may also be:
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An If statement, which consists of the keyword "if", a conditional expression surrounded by parenthesis, and a block. The block is only executed if the condition expression evaluates to true.
- A conditional expression consists of condition terms, which consist of condition factors much like expressions. A condition factor is two expressions seperated by either ">", ">=", "<", "<=", or "==". A condition term is either a single condition factor or a list of condition factors seperated by "&&". A condition expression is either a single condition term or a list seperated by "||". This has the effect of making "&&" higher precedence than "||".
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A while statement, which consists of the keyword "while", and then the same as an if statement. The block is executed continously while the condition expression evaluates to true.