diff --git a/src/tri/tri_cloud.zig b/src/tri/tri_cloud.zig
index 1a268ad060..b23f336131 100644
--- a/src/tri/tri_cloud.zig
+++ b/src/tri/tri_cloud.zig
@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ fn cloudCleanup(allocator: Allocator) !void {
     print("{s}✓ Cleaned {d} inactive agent(s){s}\n", .{ GREEN, cleaned, RESET });
 }
 
-/// tri cloud history [issue] — Show event history from JSONL
+/// tri cloud history [issue] [--format=json] — Show event history from JSONL
 fn cloudHistory(_: Allocator, args: []const []const u8) !void {
     const events_path = ".trinity/cloud_events.jsonl";
     const file = std.fs.cwd().openFile(events_path, .{}) catch {
@@ -573,22 +573,70 @@ fn cloudHistory(_: Allocator, args: []const []const u8) !void {
     };
     defer file.close();
 
-    // Optional issue filter
+    // Parse args: [issue] [--format=json]
     var filter_issue: ?u32 = null;
-    if (args.len >= 1) {
-        filter_issue = std.fmt.parseInt(u32, args[0], 10) catch null;
+    var json_output: bool = false;
+    for (args) |arg| {
+        if (eql(u8, arg, "--format=json")) {
+            json_output = true;
+        } else if (eql(u8, arg, "--format=human")) {
+            json_output = false;
+        } else if (filter_issue == null) {
+            // Try to parse as issue number
+            filter_issue = std.fmt.parseInt(u32, arg, 10) catch null;
+        }
     }
 
-    print("\n{s}{s}", .{ GOLDEN, BOLD });
-    print("═══════════════════════════════════════════════════\n", .{});
-    print(" CLOUD EVENTS — History\n", .{});
-    print("═══════════════════════════════════════════════════{s}\n", .{RESET});
-
     // Read entire file (cloud events are small)
     var buf: [32768]u8 = undefined;
     const len = file.readAll(&buf) catch 0;
     const content = buf[0..len];
 
+    if (json_output) {
+        // JSON output for machine consumption
+        var json_buf: [65536]u8 = undefined;
+        var fbs = std.io.fixedBufferStream(&json_buf);
+        const w = fbs.writer();
+
+        w.writeAll("{\"events\":[") catch return;
+
+        var first = true;
+        var count: u32 = 0;
+        var offset: usize = 0;
+
+        while (offset < content.len) {
+            const line_end = std.mem.indexOfPos(u8, content, offset, "\n") orelse content.len;
+            const line = content[offset..line_end];
+            offset = line_end + 1;
+
+            if (line.len == 0) continue;
+
+            // Filter by issue if specified
+            if (filter_issue) |fi| {
+                var needle_buf: [32]u8 = undefined;
+                const needle = std.fmt.bufPrint(&needle_buf, "\"issue\":{d}", .{fi}) catch continue;
+                if (std.mem.indexOf(u8, line, needle) == null) continue;
+            }
+
+            if (!first) w.writeAll(",") catch {};
+            first = false;
+            w.writeAll(line) catch break;
+            count += 1;
+        }
+
+        w.writeAll("],\"count\":") catch {};
+        std.fmt.format(w, "{d}}}", .{count}) catch {};
+
+        print("{s}\n", .{fbs.getWritten()});
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Human-readable output
+    print("\n{s}{s}", .{ GOLDEN, BOLD });
+    print("═══════════════════════════════════════════════════\n", .{});
+    print(" CLOUD EVENTS — History\n", .{});
+    print("═══════════════════════════════════════════════════{s}\n", .{RESET});
+
     var count: u32 = 0;
     var offset: usize = 0;
 
diff --git a/tools/mcp/trinity_mcp/cloud_monitor.zig b/tools/mcp/trinity_mcp/cloud_monitor.zig
index 7188ea60de..30e50062bc 100644
--- a/tools/mcp/trinity_mcp/cloud_monitor.zig
+++ b/tools/mcp/trinity_mcp/cloud_monitor.zig
@@ -58,6 +58,10 @@ pub const AgentStatus = struct {
 var agent_statuses: [MAX_AGENTS]AgentStatus = undefined;
 var status_count: usize = 0;
 
+// Track last event time per issue for deduplication (5s window)
+var last_event_times: [MAX_AGENTS][2]u32 = [_][2]u32{.{ 0, 0 }} ** MAX_AGENTS; // [issue_index][0]=issue, [1]=timestamp
+var last_event_count: usize = 0;
+
 // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
 // PUBLIC API
 // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
@@ -69,6 +73,11 @@ pub fn runMonitor(port: u16) !void {
 
     std.log.info("Cloud Monitor starting on port {d}", .{actual_port});
 
+    // Restore state from JSONL on startup
+    restoreStateFromEvents() catch |err| {
+        std.log.warn("Failed to restore state from events: {}", .{err});
+    };
+
     const address = net.Address.parseIp4("0.0.0.0", actual_port) catch return;
     var server = address.listen(.{ .reuse_address = true }) catch |err| {
         std.log.err("Cloud Monitor failed to bind: {}", .{err});
@@ -90,7 +99,13 @@ pub fn runMonitor(port: u16) !void {
 
 /// Update agent status (called from HTTP POST handler).
 /// Persists to JSONL, alerts on error states via tri notify.
+/// Skips duplicate events within 5s window.
 pub fn updateStatus(issue: u32, status_str: []const u8, detail: []const u8) void {
+    // Deduplication: skip if same status within 5s
+    if (shouldSkipEvent(issue, status_str)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     // 1. Append to JSONL event log
     appendEvent(issue, status_str, detail);
 
@@ -197,6 +212,130 @@ pub fn getStatusJson(buf: []u8) []const u8 {
     return fbs.getWritten();
 }
 
+/// Restore agent states from JSONL event log on startup.
+/// Reads the last event for each issue and populates agent_statuses.
+fn restoreStateFromEvents() !void {
+    const file = std.fs.cwd().openFile(EVENTS_FILE, .{}) catch return;
+    defer file.close();
+
+    // Read entire file
+    var file_buf: [65536]u8 = undefined;
+    const file_len = file.readAll(&file_buf) catch 0;
+    if (file_len == 0) return;
+    const content = file_buf[0..file_len];
+
+    // Track latest status per issue
+    var latest_issue: [MAX_AGENTS]u32 = undefined;
+    var latest_ts: [MAX_AGENTS]i64 = undefined;
+    var latest_status: [MAX_AGENTS][32]u8 = undefined;
+    var latest_status_len: [MAX_AGENTS]usize = undefined;
+    var latest_detail: [MAX_AGENTS][256]u8 = undefined;
+    var latest_detail_len: [MAX_AGENTS]usize = undefined;
+    var latest_count: usize = 0;
+
+    var offset: usize = 0;
+    while (offset < content.len) {
+        const line_end = std.mem.indexOfPos(u8, content, offset, "\n") orelse content.len;
+        const line = content[offset..line_end];
+        offset = line_end + 1;
+        if (line.len == 0) continue;
+
+        // Parse issue
+        const issue_idx = std.mem.indexOf(u8, line, "\"issue\":") orelse continue;
+        const istart = issue_idx + 8;
+        var iend = istart;
+        while (iend < line.len and line[iend] >= '0' and line[iend] <= '9') : (iend += 1) {}
+        const issue = std.fmt.parseInt(u32, line[istart..iend], 10) catch continue;
+
+        // Parse timestamp
+        const ts_idx = std.mem.indexOf(u8, line, "\"ts\":") orelse continue;
+        const tstart = ts_idx + 5;
+        var tend = tstart;
+        while (tend < line.len and line[tend] >= '0' and line[tend] <= '9') : (tend += 1) {}
+        const ts = std.fmt.parseInt(i64, line[tstart..tend], 10) catch continue;
+
+        // Parse status and detail
+        const status_str = extractJsonString(line, "status") orelse continue;
+        const detail_str = extractJsonString(line, "detail") orelse "";
+
+        // Find or create entry for this issue (keep latest timestamp)
+        var entry_idx: ?usize = null;
+        for (0..latest_count) |i| {
+            if (latest_issue[i] == issue) {
+                if (ts > latest_ts[i]) {
+                    entry_idx = i;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (entry_idx == null and latest_count < MAX_AGENTS) {
+            entry_idx = latest_count;
+            latest_issue[latest_count] = issue;
+            latest_count += 1;
+        }
+
+        if (entry_idx) |idx| {
+            latest_ts[idx] = ts;
+            latest_status_len[idx] = @min(status_str.len, 32);
+            @memcpy(latest_status[idx][0..latest_status_len[idx]], status_str[0..latest_status_len[idx]]);
+            latest_detail_len[idx] = @min(detail_str.len, 256);
+            @memcpy(latest_detail[idx][0..latest_detail_len[idx]], detail_str[0..latest_detail_len[idx]]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Populate agent_statuses from latest events
+    status_count = 0;
+    for (0..latest_count) |i| {
+        if (status_count >= MAX_AGENTS) break;
+        const entry = &agent_statuses[status_count];
+        entry.issue = latest_issue[i];
+        entry.status_len = latest_status_len[i];
+        @memcpy(entry.status[0..entry.status_len], latest_status[i][0..entry.status_len]);
+        entry.detail_len = latest_detail_len[i];
+        @memcpy(entry.detail[0..entry.detail_len], latest_detail[i][0..entry.detail_len]);
+        entry.last_heartbeat = latest_ts[i];
+        status_count += 1;
+    }
+
+    std.log.info("Restored {d} agent states from events log", .{status_count});
+}
+
+/// Check if we should skip this event (deduplication: same status within 5 seconds)
+fn shouldSkipEvent(issue: u32, status_str: []const u8) bool {
+    const now = std.time.timestamp();
+    const dedup_window: i64 = 5; // 5 seconds
+
+    for (0..last_event_count) |i| {
+        if (last_event_times[i][0] == issue) {
+            const last_ts = @as(i64, @intCast(last_event_times[i][1]));
+            if (now - last_ts < dedup_window) {
+                // Check if status is the same
+                for (0..status_count) |j| {
+                    if (agent_statuses[j].issue == issue) {
+                        const last_status = agent_statuses[j].getStatus();
+                        if (std.mem.eql(u8, last_status, status_str)) {
+                            return true; // Skip: same status within 5s window
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            // Update timestamp
+            last_event_times[i][1] = @as(u32, @intCast(now));
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // New issue, add to tracking
+    if (last_event_count < MAX_AGENTS) {
+        last_event_times[last_event_count][0] = issue;
+        last_event_times[last_event_count][1] = @as(u32, @intCast(now));
+        last_event_count += 1;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
 // INTERNAL
 // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
@@ -209,15 +348,17 @@ fn appendEvent(issue: u32, status_str: []const u8, detail: []const u8) void {
 
     // Seek to end for append
     file.seekFromEnd(0) catch return;
-    const w = file.writer();
 
+    // Format JSON line to buffer, then write
+    var buf: [512]u8 = undefined;
     const ts = std.time.timestamp();
-    std.fmt.format(w, "{{\"ts\":{d},\"issue\":{d},\"status\":\"{s}\",\"detail\":\"{s}\"}}\n", .{
+    const line = std.fmt.bufPrint(&buf, "{{\"ts\":{d},\"issue\":{d},\"status\":\"{s}\",\"detail\":\"{s}\"}}\n", .{
         ts,
         issue,
         status_str,
         detail,
     }) catch return;
+    _ = file.writeAll(line) catch return;
 }
 
 fn sendTriNotify(issue: u32, status_str: []const u8, detail: []const u8) void {