diff --git a/livecoding/static/js/editor/libraries.js b/livecoding/static/js/editor/libraries.js
index ff083fe..314bb3c 100644
--- a/livecoding/static/js/editor/libraries.js
+++ b/livecoding/static/js/editor/libraries.js
@@ -53,6 +53,11 @@ var libraries = (function () {
"obj": "Highcharts",
"version": "3.0.2"
},
+ {
+ "name": "JointJS",
+ "obj": "joint",
+ "version": "0.8.0"
+ },
{
"name": "KineticJS",
"obj": "Kinetic",
diff --git a/livecoding/static/js/libs/thirdparty/joint.js b/livecoding/static/js/libs/thirdparty/joint.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..062f333
--- /dev/null
+++ b/livecoding/static/js/libs/thirdparty/joint.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13176 @@
+/*! JointJS v0.8.0 - JavaScript diagramming library 2014-01-22
+
+
+This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Lo-Dash 2.2.1 (Custom Build)
+ * Build: `lodash modern -o ./dist/lodash.js`
+ * Copyright 2012-2013 The Dojo Foundation
+ * Based on Underscore.js 1.5.2
+ * Copyright 2009-2013 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
+ * Available under MIT license
+ */
+;(function() {
+
+ /** Used as a safe reference for `undefined` in pre ES5 environments */
+ var undefined;
+
+ /** Used to pool arrays and objects used internally */
+ var arrayPool = [],
+ objectPool = [];
+
+ /** Used to generate unique IDs */
+ var idCounter = 0;
+
+ /** Used to prefix keys to avoid issues with `__proto__` and properties on `Object.prototype` */
+ var keyPrefix = +new Date + '';
+
+ /** Used as the size when optimizations are enabled for large arrays */
+ var largeArraySize = 75;
+
+ /** Used as the max size of the `arrayPool` and `objectPool` */
+ var maxPoolSize = 40;
+
+ /** Used to detect and test whitespace */
+ var whitespace = (
+ // whitespace
+ ' \t\x0B\f\xA0\ufeff' +
+
+ // line terminators
+ '\n\r\u2028\u2029' +
+
+ // unicode category "Zs" space separators
+ '\u1680\u180e\u2000\u2001\u2002\u2003\u2004\u2005\u2006\u2007\u2008\u2009\u200a\u202f\u205f\u3000'
+ );
+
+ /** Used to match empty string literals in compiled template source */
+ var reEmptyStringLeading = /\b__p \+= '';/g,
+ reEmptyStringMiddle = /\b(__p \+=) '' \+/g,
+ reEmptyStringTrailing = /(__e\(.*?\)|\b__t\)) \+\n'';/g;
+
+ /**
+ * Used to match ES6 template delimiters
+ * http://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-7.8.6
+ */
+ var reEsTemplate = /\$\{([^\\}]*(?:\\.[^\\}]*)*)\}/g;
+
+ /** Used to match regexp flags from their coerced string values */
+ var reFlags = /\w*$/;
+
+ /** Used to detected named functions */
+ var reFuncName = /^function[ \n\r\t]+\w/;
+
+ /** Used to match "interpolate" template delimiters */
+ var reInterpolate = /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g;
+
+ /** Used to match leading whitespace and zeros to be removed */
+ var reLeadingSpacesAndZeros = RegExp('^[' + whitespace + ']*0+(?=.$)');
+
+ /** Used to ensure capturing order of template delimiters */
+ var reNoMatch = /($^)/;
+
+ /** Used to detect functions containing a `this` reference */
+ var reThis = /\bthis\b/;
+
+ /** Used to match unescaped characters in compiled string literals */
+ var reUnescapedString = /['\n\r\t\u2028\u2029\\]/g;
+
+ /** Used to assign default `context` object properties */
+ var contextProps = [
+ 'Array', 'Boolean', 'Date', 'Function', 'Math', 'Number', 'Object',
+ 'RegExp', 'String', '_', 'attachEvent', 'clearTimeout', 'isFinite', 'isNaN',
+ 'parseInt', 'setImmediate', 'setTimeout'
+ ];
+
+ /** Used to make template sourceURLs easier to identify */
+ var templateCounter = 0;
+
+ /** `Object#toString` result shortcuts */
+ var argsClass = '[object Arguments]',
+ arrayClass = '[object Array]',
+ boolClass = '[object Boolean]',
+ dateClass = '[object Date]',
+ funcClass = '[object Function]',
+ numberClass = '[object Number]',
+ objectClass = '[object Object]',
+ regexpClass = '[object RegExp]',
+ stringClass = '[object String]';
+
+ /** Used to identify object classifications that `_.clone` supports */
+ var cloneableClasses = {};
+ cloneableClasses[funcClass] = false;
+ cloneableClasses[argsClass] = cloneableClasses[arrayClass] =
+ cloneableClasses[boolClass] = cloneableClasses[dateClass] =
+ cloneableClasses[numberClass] = cloneableClasses[objectClass] =
+ cloneableClasses[regexpClass] = cloneableClasses[stringClass] = true;
+
+ /** Used as an internal `_.debounce` options object */
+ var debounceOptions = {
+ 'leading': false,
+ 'maxWait': 0,
+ 'trailing': false
+ };
+
+ /** Used as the property descriptor for `__bindData__` */
+ var descriptor = {
+ 'configurable': false,
+ 'enumerable': false,
+ 'value': null,
+ 'writable': false
+ };
+
+ /** Used to determine if values are of the language type Object */
+ var objectTypes = {
+ 'boolean': false,
+ 'function': true,
+ 'object': true,
+ 'number': false,
+ 'string': false,
+ 'undefined': false
+ };
+
+ /** Used to escape characters for inclusion in compiled string literals */
+ var stringEscapes = {
+ '\\': '\\',
+ "'": "'",
+ '\n': 'n',
+ '\r': 'r',
+ '\t': 't',
+ '\u2028': 'u2028',
+ '\u2029': 'u2029'
+ };
+
+ /** Used as a reference to the global object */
+ var root = (objectTypes[typeof window] && window) || this;
+
+ /** Detect free variable `exports` */
+ var freeExports = objectTypes[typeof exports] && exports && !exports.nodeType && exports;
+
+ /** Detect free variable `module` */
+ var freeModule = objectTypes[typeof module] && module && !module.nodeType && module;
+
+ /** Detect the popular CommonJS extension `module.exports` */
+ var moduleExports = freeModule && freeModule.exports === freeExports && freeExports;
+
+ /** Detect free variable `global` from Node.js or Browserified code and use it as `root` */
+ var freeGlobal = objectTypes[typeof global] && global;
+ if (freeGlobal && (freeGlobal.global === freeGlobal || freeGlobal.window === freeGlobal)) {
+ root = freeGlobal;
+ }
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * The base implementation of `_.indexOf` without support for binary searches
+ * or `fromIndex` constraints.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+ * @param {*} value The value to search for.
+ * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
+ * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.
+ */
+ function baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
+ var index = (fromIndex || 0) - 1,
+ length = array ? array.length : 0;
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ if (array[index] === value) {
+ return index;
+ }
+ }
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * An implementation of `_.contains` for cache objects that mimics the return
+ * signature of `_.indexOf` by returning `0` if the value is found, else `-1`.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Object} cache The cache object to inspect.
+ * @param {*} value The value to search for.
+ * @returns {number} Returns `0` if `value` is found, else `-1`.
+ */
+ function cacheIndexOf(cache, value) {
+ var type = typeof value;
+ cache = cache.cache;
+
+ if (type == 'boolean' || value == null) {
+ return cache[value] ? 0 : -1;
+ }
+ if (type != 'number' && type != 'string') {
+ type = 'object';
+ }
+ var key = type == 'number' ? value : keyPrefix + value;
+ cache = (cache = cache[type]) && cache[key];
+
+ return type == 'object'
+ ? (cache && baseIndexOf(cache, value) > -1 ? 0 : -1)
+ : (cache ? 0 : -1);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Adds a given value to the corresponding cache object.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {*} value The value to add to the cache.
+ */
+ function cachePush(value) {
+ var cache = this.cache,
+ type = typeof value;
+
+ if (type == 'boolean' || value == null) {
+ cache[value] = true;
+ } else {
+ if (type != 'number' && type != 'string') {
+ type = 'object';
+ }
+ var key = type == 'number' ? value : keyPrefix + value,
+ typeCache = cache[type] || (cache[type] = {});
+
+ if (type == 'object') {
+ (typeCache[key] || (typeCache[key] = [])).push(value);
+ } else {
+ typeCache[key] = true;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Used by `_.max` and `_.min` as the default callback when a given
+ * collection is a string value.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {string} value The character to inspect.
+ * @returns {number} Returns the code unit of given character.
+ */
+ function charAtCallback(value) {
+ return value.charCodeAt(0);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Used by `sortBy` to compare transformed `collection` elements, stable sorting
+ * them in ascending order.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Object} a The object to compare to `b`.
+ * @param {Object} b The object to compare to `a`.
+ * @returns {number} Returns the sort order indicator of `1` or `-1`.
+ */
+ function compareAscending(a, b) {
+ var ac = a.criteria,
+ bc = b.criteria;
+
+ // ensure a stable sort in V8 and other engines
+ // http://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=90
+ if (ac !== bc) {
+ if (ac > bc || typeof ac == 'undefined') {
+ return 1;
+ }
+ if (ac < bc || typeof bc == 'undefined') {
+ return -1;
+ }
+ }
+ // The JS engine embedded in Adobe applications like InDesign has a buggy
+ // `Array#sort` implementation that causes it, under certain circumstances,
+ // to return the same value for `a` and `b`.
+ // See https://github.com/jashkenas/underscore/pull/1247
+ return a.index - b.index;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a cache object to optimize linear searches of large arrays.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Array} [array=[]] The array to search.
+ * @returns {null|Object} Returns the cache object or `null` if caching should not be used.
+ */
+ function createCache(array) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = array.length,
+ first = array[0],
+ mid = array[(length / 2) | 0],
+ last = array[length - 1];
+
+ if (first && typeof first == 'object' &&
+ mid && typeof mid == 'object' && last && typeof last == 'object') {
+ return false;
+ }
+ var cache = getObject();
+ cache['false'] = cache['null'] = cache['true'] = cache['undefined'] = false;
+
+ var result = getObject();
+ result.array = array;
+ result.cache = cache;
+ result.push = cachePush;
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ result.push(array[index]);
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Used by `template` to escape characters for inclusion in compiled
+ * string literals.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {string} match The matched character to escape.
+ * @returns {string} Returns the escaped character.
+ */
+ function escapeStringChar(match) {
+ return '\\' + stringEscapes[match];
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Gets an array from the array pool or creates a new one if the pool is empty.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @returns {Array} The array from the pool.
+ */
+ function getArray() {
+ return arrayPool.pop() || [];
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Gets an object from the object pool or creates a new one if the pool is empty.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @returns {Object} The object from the pool.
+ */
+ function getObject() {
+ return objectPool.pop() || {
+ 'array': null,
+ 'cache': null,
+ 'criteria': null,
+ 'false': false,
+ 'index': 0,
+ 'null': false,
+ 'number': null,
+ 'object': null,
+ 'push': null,
+ 'string': null,
+ 'true': false,
+ 'undefined': false,
+ 'value': null
+ };
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * A no-operation function.
+ *
+ * @private
+ */
+ function noop() {
+ // no operation performed
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Releases the given array back to the array pool.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Array} [array] The array to release.
+ */
+ function releaseArray(array) {
+ array.length = 0;
+ if (arrayPool.length < maxPoolSize) {
+ arrayPool.push(array);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Releases the given object back to the object pool.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Object} [object] The object to release.
+ */
+ function releaseObject(object) {
+ var cache = object.cache;
+ if (cache) {
+ releaseObject(cache);
+ }
+ object.array = object.cache = object.criteria = object.object = object.number = object.string = object.value = null;
+ if (objectPool.length < maxPoolSize) {
+ objectPool.push(object);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Slices the `collection` from the `start` index up to, but not including,
+ * the `end` index.
+ *
+ * Note: This function is used instead of `Array#slice` to support node lists
+ * in IE < 9 and to ensure dense arrays are returned.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to slice.
+ * @param {number} start The start index.
+ * @param {number} end The end index.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns the new array.
+ */
+ function slice(array, start, end) {
+ start || (start = 0);
+ if (typeof end == 'undefined') {
+ end = array ? array.length : 0;
+ }
+ var index = -1,
+ length = end - start || 0,
+ result = Array(length < 0 ? 0 : length);
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ result[index] = array[start + index];
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * Create a new `lodash` function using the given context object.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Utilities
+ * @param {Object} [context=root] The context object.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the `lodash` function.
+ */
+ function runInContext(context) {
+ // Avoid issues with some ES3 environments that attempt to use values, named
+ // after built-in constructors like `Object`, for the creation of literals.
+ // ES5 clears this up by stating that literals must use built-in constructors.
+ // See http://es5.github.io/#x11.1.5.
+ context = context ? _.defaults(root.Object(), context, _.pick(root, contextProps)) : root;
+
+ /** Native constructor references */
+ var Array = context.Array,
+ Boolean = context.Boolean,
+ Date = context.Date,
+ Function = context.Function,
+ Math = context.Math,
+ Number = context.Number,
+ Object = context.Object,
+ RegExp = context.RegExp,
+ String = context.String,
+ TypeError = context.TypeError;
+
+ /**
+ * Used for `Array` method references.
+ *
+ * Normally `Array.prototype` would suffice, however, using an array literal
+ * avoids issues in Narwhal.
+ */
+ var arrayRef = [];
+
+ /** Used for native method references */
+ var objectProto = Object.prototype;
+
+ /** Used to restore the original `_` reference in `noConflict` */
+ var oldDash = context._;
+
+ /** Used to detect if a method is native */
+ var reNative = RegExp('^' +
+ String(objectProto.valueOf)
+ .replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&')
+ .replace(/valueOf|for [^\]]+/g, '.+?') + '$'
+ );
+
+ /** Native method shortcuts */
+ var ceil = Math.ceil,
+ clearTimeout = context.clearTimeout,
+ floor = Math.floor,
+ fnToString = Function.prototype.toString,
+ getPrototypeOf = reNative.test(getPrototypeOf = Object.getPrototypeOf) && getPrototypeOf,
+ hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty,
+ now = reNative.test(now = Date.now) && now || function() { return +new Date; },
+ push = arrayRef.push,
+ setImmediate = context.setImmediate,
+ setTimeout = context.setTimeout,
+ splice = arrayRef.splice,
+ toString = objectProto.toString,
+ unshift = arrayRef.unshift;
+
+ var defineProperty = (function() {
+ try {
+ var o = {},
+ func = reNative.test(func = Object.defineProperty) && func,
+ result = func(o, o, o) && func;
+ } catch(e) { }
+ return result;
+ }());
+
+ /* Native method shortcuts for methods with the same name as other `lodash` methods */
+ var nativeBind = reNative.test(nativeBind = toString.bind) && nativeBind,
+ nativeCreate = reNative.test(nativeCreate = Object.create) && nativeCreate,
+ nativeIsArray = reNative.test(nativeIsArray = Array.isArray) && nativeIsArray,
+ nativeIsFinite = context.isFinite,
+ nativeIsNaN = context.isNaN,
+ nativeKeys = reNative.test(nativeKeys = Object.keys) && nativeKeys,
+ nativeMax = Math.max,
+ nativeMin = Math.min,
+ nativeParseInt = context.parseInt,
+ nativeRandom = Math.random,
+ nativeSlice = arrayRef.slice;
+
+ /** Detect various environments */
+ var isIeOpera = reNative.test(context.attachEvent),
+ isV8 = nativeBind && !/\n|true/.test(nativeBind + isIeOpera);
+
+ /** Used to lookup a built-in constructor by [[Class]] */
+ var ctorByClass = {};
+ ctorByClass[arrayClass] = Array;
+ ctorByClass[boolClass] = Boolean;
+ ctorByClass[dateClass] = Date;
+ ctorByClass[funcClass] = Function;
+ ctorByClass[objectClass] = Object;
+ ctorByClass[numberClass] = Number;
+ ctorByClass[regexpClass] = RegExp;
+ ctorByClass[stringClass] = String;
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a `lodash` object which wraps the given value to enable intuitive
+ * method chaining.
+ *
+ * In addition to Lo-Dash methods, wrappers also have the following `Array` methods:
+ * `concat`, `join`, `pop`, `push`, `reverse`, `shift`, `slice`, `sort`, `splice`,
+ * and `unshift`
+ *
+ * Chaining is supported in custom builds as long as the `value` method is
+ * implicitly or explicitly included in the build.
+ *
+ * The chainable wrapper functions are:
+ * `after`, `assign`, `bind`, `bindAll`, `bindKey`, `chain`, `compact`,
+ * `compose`, `concat`, `countBy`, `createCallback`, `curry`, `debounce`,
+ * `defaults`, `defer`, `delay`, `difference`, `filter`, `flatten`, `forEach`,
+ * `forEachRight`, `forIn`, `forInRight`, `forOwn`, `forOwnRight`, `functions`,
+ * `groupBy`, `indexBy`, `initial`, `intersection`, `invert`, `invoke`, `keys`,
+ * `map`, `max`, `memoize`, `merge`, `min`, `object`, `omit`, `once`, `pairs`,
+ * `partial`, `partialRight`, `pick`, `pluck`, `pull`, `push`, `range`, `reject`,
+ * `remove`, `rest`, `reverse`, `shuffle`, `slice`, `sort`, `sortBy`, `splice`,
+ * `tap`, `throttle`, `times`, `toArray`, `transform`, `union`, `uniq`, `unshift`,
+ * `unzip`, `values`, `where`, `without`, `wrap`, and `zip`
+ *
+ * The non-chainable wrapper functions are:
+ * `clone`, `cloneDeep`, `contains`, `escape`, `every`, `find`, `findIndex`,
+ * `findKey`, `findLast`, `findLastIndex`, `findLastKey`, `has`, `identity`,
+ * `indexOf`, `isArguments`, `isArray`, `isBoolean`, `isDate`, `isElement`,
+ * `isEmpty`, `isEqual`, `isFinite`, `isFunction`, `isNaN`, `isNull`, `isNumber`,
+ * `isObject`, `isPlainObject`, `isRegExp`, `isString`, `isUndefined`, `join`,
+ * `lastIndexOf`, `mixin`, `noConflict`, `parseInt`, `pop`, `random`, `reduce`,
+ * `reduceRight`, `result`, `shift`, `size`, `some`, `sortedIndex`, `runInContext`,
+ * `template`, `unescape`, `uniqueId`, and `value`
+ *
+ * The wrapper functions `first` and `last` return wrapped values when `n` is
+ * provided, otherwise they return unwrapped values.
+ *
+ * Explicit chaining can be enabled by using the `_.chain` method.
+ *
+ * @name _
+ * @constructor
+ * @category Chaining
+ * @param {*} value The value to wrap in a `lodash` instance.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns a `lodash` instance.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var wrapped = _([1, 2, 3]);
+ *
+ * // returns an unwrapped value
+ * wrapped.reduce(function(sum, num) {
+ * return sum + num;
+ * });
+ * // => 6
+ *
+ * // returns a wrapped value
+ * var squares = wrapped.map(function(num) {
+ * return num * num;
+ * });
+ *
+ * _.isArray(squares);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isArray(squares.value());
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function lodash(value) {
+ // don't wrap if already wrapped, even if wrapped by a different `lodash` constructor
+ return (value && typeof value == 'object' && !isArray(value) && hasOwnProperty.call(value, '__wrapped__'))
+ ? value
+ : new lodashWrapper(value);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * A fast path for creating `lodash` wrapper objects.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {*} value The value to wrap in a `lodash` instance.
+ * @param {boolean} chainAll A flag to enable chaining for all methods
+ * @returns {Object} Returns a `lodash` instance.
+ */
+ function lodashWrapper(value, chainAll) {
+ this.__chain__ = !!chainAll;
+ this.__wrapped__ = value;
+ }
+ // ensure `new lodashWrapper` is an instance of `lodash`
+ lodashWrapper.prototype = lodash.prototype;
+
+ /**
+ * An object used to flag environments features.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Object
+ */
+ var support = lodash.support = {};
+
+ /**
+ * Detect if `Function#bind` exists and is inferred to be fast (all but V8).
+ *
+ * @memberOf _.support
+ * @type boolean
+ */
+ support.fastBind = nativeBind && !isV8;
+
+ /**
+ * Detect if functions can be decompiled by `Function#toString`
+ * (all but PS3 and older Opera mobile browsers & avoided in Windows 8 apps).
+ *
+ * @memberOf _.support
+ * @type boolean
+ */
+ support.funcDecomp = !reNative.test(context.WinRTError) && reThis.test(runInContext);
+
+ /**
+ * Detect if `Function#name` is supported (all but IE).
+ *
+ * @memberOf _.support
+ * @type boolean
+ */
+ support.funcNames = typeof Function.name == 'string';
+
+ /**
+ * By default, the template delimiters used by Lo-Dash are similar to those in
+ * embedded Ruby (ERB). Change the following template settings to use alternative
+ * delimiters.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Object
+ */
+ lodash.templateSettings = {
+
+ /**
+ * Used to detect `data` property values to be HTML-escaped.
+ *
+ * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+ * @type RegExp
+ */
+ 'escape': /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+
+ /**
+ * Used to detect code to be evaluated.
+ *
+ * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+ * @type RegExp
+ */
+ 'evaluate': /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+
+ /**
+ * Used to detect `data` property values to inject.
+ *
+ * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+ * @type RegExp
+ */
+ 'interpolate': reInterpolate,
+
+ /**
+ * Used to reference the data object in the template text.
+ *
+ * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+ * @type string
+ */
+ 'variable': '',
+
+ /**
+ * Used to import variables into the compiled template.
+ *
+ * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+ * @type Object
+ */
+ 'imports': {
+
+ /**
+ * A reference to the `lodash` function.
+ *
+ * @memberOf _.templateSettings.imports
+ * @type Function
+ */
+ '_': lodash
+ }
+ };
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * The base implementation of `_.clone` without argument juggling or support
+ * for `thisArg` binding.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {*} value The value to clone.
+ * @param {boolean} [deep=false] Specify a deep clone.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize cloning values.
+ * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed source objects.
+ * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Associates clones with source counterparts.
+ * @returns {*} Returns the cloned value.
+ */
+ function baseClone(value, deep, callback, stackA, stackB) {
+ if (callback) {
+ var result = callback(value);
+ if (typeof result != 'undefined') {
+ return result;
+ }
+ }
+ // inspect [[Class]]
+ var isObj = isObject(value);
+ if (isObj) {
+ var className = toString.call(value);
+ if (!cloneableClasses[className]) {
+ return value;
+ }
+ var ctor = ctorByClass[className];
+ switch (className) {
+ case boolClass:
+ case dateClass:
+ return new ctor(+value);
+
+ case numberClass:
+ case stringClass:
+ return new ctor(value);
+
+ case regexpClass:
+ result = ctor(value.source, reFlags.exec(value));
+ result.lastIndex = value.lastIndex;
+ return result;
+ }
+ } else {
+ return value;
+ }
+ var isArr = isArray(value);
+ if (deep) {
+ // check for circular references and return corresponding clone
+ var initedStack = !stackA;
+ stackA || (stackA = getArray());
+ stackB || (stackB = getArray());
+
+ var length = stackA.length;
+ while (length--) {
+ if (stackA[length] == value) {
+ return stackB[length];
+ }
+ }
+ result = isArr ? ctor(value.length) : {};
+ }
+ else {
+ result = isArr ? slice(value) : assign({}, value);
+ }
+ // add array properties assigned by `RegExp#exec`
+ if (isArr) {
+ if (hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'index')) {
+ result.index = value.index;
+ }
+ if (hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'input')) {
+ result.input = value.input;
+ }
+ }
+ // exit for shallow clone
+ if (!deep) {
+ return result;
+ }
+ // add the source value to the stack of traversed objects
+ // and associate it with its clone
+ stackA.push(value);
+ stackB.push(result);
+
+ // recursively populate clone (susceptible to call stack limits)
+ (isArr ? forEach : forOwn)(value, function(objValue, key) {
+ result[key] = baseClone(objValue, deep, callback, stackA, stackB);
+ });
+
+ if (initedStack) {
+ releaseArray(stackA);
+ releaseArray(stackB);
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * The base implementation of `_.createCallback` without support for creating
+ * "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callbacks.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {*} [func=identity] The value to convert to a callback.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of the created callback.
+ * @param {number} [argCount] The number of arguments the callback accepts.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns a callback function.
+ */
+ function baseCreateCallback(func, thisArg, argCount) {
+ if (typeof func != 'function') {
+ return identity;
+ }
+ // exit early if there is no `thisArg`
+ if (typeof thisArg == 'undefined') {
+ return func;
+ }
+ var bindData = func.__bindData__ || (support.funcNames && !func.name);
+ if (typeof bindData == 'undefined') {
+ var source = reThis && fnToString.call(func);
+ if (!support.funcNames && source && !reFuncName.test(source)) {
+ bindData = true;
+ }
+ if (support.funcNames || !bindData) {
+ // checks if `func` references the `this` keyword and stores the result
+ bindData = !support.funcDecomp || reThis.test(source);
+ setBindData(func, bindData);
+ }
+ }
+ // exit early if there are no `this` references or `func` is bound
+ if (bindData !== true && (bindData && bindData[1] & 1)) {
+ return func;
+ }
+ switch (argCount) {
+ case 1: return function(value) {
+ return func.call(thisArg, value);
+ };
+ case 2: return function(a, b) {
+ return func.call(thisArg, a, b);
+ };
+ case 3: return function(value, index, collection) {
+ return func.call(thisArg, value, index, collection);
+ };
+ case 4: return function(accumulator, value, index, collection) {
+ return func.call(thisArg, accumulator, value, index, collection);
+ };
+ }
+ return bind(func, thisArg);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * The base implementation of `_.flatten` without support for callback
+ * shorthands or `thisArg` binding.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
+ * @param {boolean} [isShallow=false] A flag to restrict flattening to a single level.
+ * @param {boolean} [isArgArrays=false] A flag to restrict flattening to arrays and `arguments` objects.
+ * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to start from.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new flattened array.
+ */
+ function baseFlatten(array, isShallow, isArgArrays, fromIndex) {
+ var index = (fromIndex || 0) - 1,
+ length = array ? array.length : 0,
+ result = [];
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = array[index];
+
+ if (value && typeof value == 'object' && typeof value.length == 'number'
+ && (isArray(value) || isArguments(value))) {
+ // recursively flatten arrays (susceptible to call stack limits)
+ if (!isShallow) {
+ value = baseFlatten(value, isShallow, isArgArrays);
+ }
+ var valIndex = -1,
+ valLength = value.length,
+ resIndex = result.length;
+
+ result.length += valLength;
+ while (++valIndex < valLength) {
+ result[resIndex++] = value[valIndex];
+ }
+ } else if (!isArgArrays) {
+ result.push(value);
+ }
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * The base implementation of `_.isEqual`, without support for `thisArg` binding,
+ * that allows partial "_.where" style comparisons.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {*} a The value to compare.
+ * @param {*} b The other value to compare.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize comparing values.
+ * @param {Function} [isWhere=false] A flag to indicate performing partial comparisons.
+ * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed `a` objects.
+ * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Tracks traversed `b` objects.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
+ */
+ function baseIsEqual(a, b, callback, isWhere, stackA, stackB) {
+ // used to indicate that when comparing objects, `a` has at least the properties of `b`
+ if (callback) {
+ var result = callback(a, b);
+ if (typeof result != 'undefined') {
+ return !!result;
+ }
+ }
+ // exit early for identical values
+ if (a === b) {
+ // treat `+0` vs. `-0` as not equal
+ return a !== 0 || (1 / a == 1 / b);
+ }
+ var type = typeof a,
+ otherType = typeof b;
+
+ // exit early for unlike primitive values
+ if (a === a &&
+ !(a && objectTypes[type]) &&
+ !(b && objectTypes[otherType])) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ // exit early for `null` and `undefined` avoiding ES3's Function#call behavior
+ // http://es5.github.io/#x15.3.4.4
+ if (a == null || b == null) {
+ return a === b;
+ }
+ // compare [[Class]] names
+ var className = toString.call(a),
+ otherClass = toString.call(b);
+
+ if (className == argsClass) {
+ className = objectClass;
+ }
+ if (otherClass == argsClass) {
+ otherClass = objectClass;
+ }
+ if (className != otherClass) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ switch (className) {
+ case boolClass:
+ case dateClass:
+ // coerce dates and booleans to numbers, dates to milliseconds and booleans
+ // to `1` or `0` treating invalid dates coerced to `NaN` as not equal
+ return +a == +b;
+
+ case numberClass:
+ // treat `NaN` vs. `NaN` as equal
+ return (a != +a)
+ ? b != +b
+ // but treat `+0` vs. `-0` as not equal
+ : (a == 0 ? (1 / a == 1 / b) : a == +b);
+
+ case regexpClass:
+ case stringClass:
+ // coerce regexes to strings (http://es5.github.io/#x15.10.6.4)
+ // treat string primitives and their corresponding object instances as equal
+ return a == String(b);
+ }
+ var isArr = className == arrayClass;
+ if (!isArr) {
+ // unwrap any `lodash` wrapped values
+ if (hasOwnProperty.call(a, '__wrapped__ ') || hasOwnProperty.call(b, '__wrapped__')) {
+ return baseIsEqual(a.__wrapped__ || a, b.__wrapped__ || b, callback, isWhere, stackA, stackB);
+ }
+ // exit for functions and DOM nodes
+ if (className != objectClass) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ // in older versions of Opera, `arguments` objects have `Array` constructors
+ var ctorA = a.constructor,
+ ctorB = b.constructor;
+
+ // non `Object` object instances with different constructors are not equal
+ if (ctorA != ctorB && !(
+ isFunction(ctorA) && ctorA instanceof ctorA &&
+ isFunction(ctorB) && ctorB instanceof ctorB
+ )) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ }
+ // assume cyclic structures are equal
+ // the algorithm for detecting cyclic structures is adapted from ES 5.1
+ // section 15.12.3, abstract operation `JO` (http://es5.github.io/#x15.12.3)
+ var initedStack = !stackA;
+ stackA || (stackA = getArray());
+ stackB || (stackB = getArray());
+
+ var length = stackA.length;
+ while (length--) {
+ if (stackA[length] == a) {
+ return stackB[length] == b;
+ }
+ }
+ var size = 0;
+ result = true;
+
+ // add `a` and `b` to the stack of traversed objects
+ stackA.push(a);
+ stackB.push(b);
+
+ // recursively compare objects and arrays (susceptible to call stack limits)
+ if (isArr) {
+ length = a.length;
+ size = b.length;
+
+ // compare lengths to determine if a deep comparison is necessary
+ result = size == a.length;
+ if (!result && !isWhere) {
+ return result;
+ }
+ // deep compare the contents, ignoring non-numeric properties
+ while (size--) {
+ var index = length,
+ value = b[size];
+
+ if (isWhere) {
+ while (index--) {
+ if ((result = baseIsEqual(a[index], value, callback, isWhere, stackA, stackB))) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ } else if (!(result = baseIsEqual(a[size], value, callback, isWhere, stackA, stackB))) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+ // deep compare objects using `forIn`, instead of `forOwn`, to avoid `Object.keys`
+ // which, in this case, is more costly
+ forIn(b, function(value, key, b) {
+ if (hasOwnProperty.call(b, key)) {
+ // count the number of properties.
+ size++;
+ // deep compare each property value.
+ return (result = hasOwnProperty.call(a, key) && baseIsEqual(a[key], value, callback, isWhere, stackA, stackB));
+ }
+ });
+
+ if (result && !isWhere) {
+ // ensure both objects have the same number of properties
+ forIn(a, function(value, key, a) {
+ if (hasOwnProperty.call(a, key)) {
+ // `size` will be `-1` if `a` has more properties than `b`
+ return (result = --size > -1);
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ if (initedStack) {
+ releaseArray(stackA);
+ releaseArray(stackB);
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * The base implementation of `_.merge` without argument juggling or support
+ * for `thisArg` binding.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+ * @param {Object} source The source object.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize merging properties.
+ * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed source objects.
+ * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Associates values with source counterparts.
+ */
+ function baseMerge(object, source, callback, stackA, stackB) {
+ (isArray(source) ? forEach : forOwn)(source, function(source, key) {
+ var found,
+ isArr,
+ result = source,
+ value = object[key];
+
+ if (source && ((isArr = isArray(source)) || isPlainObject(source))) {
+ // avoid merging previously merged cyclic sources
+ var stackLength = stackA.length;
+ while (stackLength--) {
+ if ((found = stackA[stackLength] == source)) {
+ value = stackB[stackLength];
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ if (!found) {
+ var isShallow;
+ if (callback) {
+ result = callback(value, source);
+ if ((isShallow = typeof result != 'undefined')) {
+ value = result;
+ }
+ }
+ if (!isShallow) {
+ value = isArr
+ ? (isArray(value) ? value : [])
+ : (isPlainObject(value) ? value : {});
+ }
+ // add `source` and associated `value` to the stack of traversed objects
+ stackA.push(source);
+ stackB.push(value);
+
+ // recursively merge objects and arrays (susceptible to call stack limits)
+ if (!isShallow) {
+ baseMerge(value, source, callback, stackA, stackB);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ else {
+ if (callback) {
+ result = callback(value, source);
+ if (typeof result == 'undefined') {
+ result = source;
+ }
+ }
+ if (typeof result != 'undefined') {
+ value = result;
+ }
+ }
+ object[key] = value;
+ });
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * The base implementation of `_.uniq` without support for callback shorthands
+ * or `thisArg` binding.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Array} array The array to process.
+ * @param {boolean} [isSorted=false] A flag to indicate that `array` is sorted.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] The function called per iteration.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a duplicate-value-free array.
+ */
+ function baseUniq(array, isSorted, callback) {
+ var index = -1,
+ indexOf = getIndexOf(),
+ length = array ? array.length : 0,
+ result = [];
+
+ var isLarge = !isSorted && length >= largeArraySize && indexOf === baseIndexOf,
+ seen = (callback || isLarge) ? getArray() : result;
+
+ if (isLarge) {
+ var cache = createCache(seen);
+ if (cache) {
+ indexOf = cacheIndexOf;
+ seen = cache;
+ } else {
+ isLarge = false;
+ seen = callback ? seen : (releaseArray(seen), result);
+ }
+ }
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = array[index],
+ computed = callback ? callback(value, index, array) : value;
+
+ if (isSorted
+ ? !index || seen[seen.length - 1] !== computed
+ : indexOf(seen, computed) < 0
+ ) {
+ if (callback || isLarge) {
+ seen.push(computed);
+ }
+ result.push(value);
+ }
+ }
+ if (isLarge) {
+ releaseArray(seen.array);
+ releaseObject(seen);
+ } else if (callback) {
+ releaseArray(seen);
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a function that aggregates a collection, creating an object composed
+ * of keys generated from the results of running each element of the collection
+ * through a callback. The given `setter` function sets the keys and values
+ * of the composed object.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Function} setter The setter function.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new aggregator function.
+ */
+ function createAggregator(setter) {
+ return function(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var result = {};
+ callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = collection[index];
+ setter(result, value, callback(value, index, collection), collection);
+ }
+ } else {
+ forOwn(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
+ setter(result, value, callback(value, key, collection), collection);
+ });
+ }
+ return result;
+ };
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a function that, when called, either curries or invokes `func`
+ * with an optional `this` binding and partially applied arguments.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Function|string} func The function or method name to reference.
+ * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of method flags to compose.
+ * The bitmask may be composed of the following flags:
+ * 1 - `_.bind`
+ * 2 - `_.bindKey`
+ * 4 - `_.curry`
+ * 8 - `_.curry` (bound)
+ * 16 - `_.partial`
+ * 32 - `_.partialRight`
+ * @param {Array} [partialArgs] An array of arguments to prepend to those
+ * provided to the new function.
+ * @param {Array} [partialRightArgs] An array of arguments to append to those
+ * provided to the new function.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
+ * @param {number} [arity] The arity of `func`.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
+ */
+ function createBound(func, bitmask, partialArgs, partialRightArgs, thisArg, arity) {
+ var isBind = bitmask & 1,
+ isBindKey = bitmask & 2,
+ isCurry = bitmask & 4,
+ isCurryBound = bitmask & 8,
+ isPartial = bitmask & 16,
+ isPartialRight = bitmask & 32,
+ key = func;
+
+ if (!isBindKey && !isFunction(func)) {
+ throw new TypeError;
+ }
+ if (isPartial && !partialArgs.length) {
+ bitmask &= ~16;
+ isPartial = partialArgs = false;
+ }
+ if (isPartialRight && !partialRightArgs.length) {
+ bitmask &= ~32;
+ isPartialRight = partialRightArgs = false;
+ }
+ var bindData = func && func.__bindData__;
+ if (bindData) {
+ if (isBind && !(bindData[1] & 1)) {
+ bindData[4] = thisArg;
+ }
+ if (!isBind && bindData[1] & 1) {
+ bitmask |= 8;
+ }
+ if (isCurry && !(bindData[1] & 4)) {
+ bindData[5] = arity;
+ }
+ if (isPartial) {
+ push.apply(bindData[2] || (bindData[2] = []), partialArgs);
+ }
+ if (isPartialRight) {
+ push.apply(bindData[3] || (bindData[3] = []), partialRightArgs);
+ }
+ bindData[1] |= bitmask;
+ return createBound.apply(null, bindData);
+ }
+ // use `Function#bind` if it exists and is fast
+ // (in V8 `Function#bind` is slower except when partially applied)
+ if (isBind && !(isBindKey || isCurry || isPartialRight) &&
+ (support.fastBind || (nativeBind && isPartial))) {
+ if (isPartial) {
+ var args = [thisArg];
+ push.apply(args, partialArgs);
+ }
+ var bound = isPartial
+ ? nativeBind.apply(func, args)
+ : nativeBind.call(func, thisArg);
+ }
+ else {
+ bound = function() {
+ // `Function#bind` spec
+ // http://es5.github.io/#x15.3.4.5
+ var args = arguments,
+ thisBinding = isBind ? thisArg : this;
+
+ if (isCurry || isPartial || isPartialRight) {
+ args = nativeSlice.call(args);
+ if (isPartial) {
+ unshift.apply(args, partialArgs);
+ }
+ if (isPartialRight) {
+ push.apply(args, partialRightArgs);
+ }
+ if (isCurry && args.length < arity) {
+ bitmask |= 16 & ~32;
+ return createBound(func, (isCurryBound ? bitmask : bitmask & ~3), args, null, thisArg, arity);
+ }
+ }
+ if (isBindKey) {
+ func = thisBinding[key];
+ }
+ if (this instanceof bound) {
+ // ensure `new bound` is an instance of `func`
+ thisBinding = createObject(func.prototype);
+
+ // mimic the constructor's `return` behavior
+ // http://es5.github.io/#x13.2.2
+ var result = func.apply(thisBinding, args);
+ return isObject(result) ? result : thisBinding;
+ }
+ return func.apply(thisBinding, args);
+ };
+ }
+ setBindData(bound, nativeSlice.call(arguments));
+ return bound;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a new object with the specified `prototype`.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Object} prototype The prototype object.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
+ */
+ function createObject(prototype) {
+ return isObject(prototype) ? nativeCreate(prototype) : {};
+ }
+ // fallback for browsers without `Object.create`
+ if (!nativeCreate) {
+ createObject = function(prototype) {
+ if (isObject(prototype)) {
+ noop.prototype = prototype;
+ var result = new noop;
+ noop.prototype = null;
+ }
+ return result || {};
+ };
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Used by `escape` to convert characters to HTML entities.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {string} match The matched character to escape.
+ * @returns {string} Returns the escaped character.
+ */
+ function escapeHtmlChar(match) {
+ return htmlEscapes[match];
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Gets the appropriate "indexOf" function. If the `_.indexOf` method is
+ * customized, this method returns the custom method, otherwise it returns
+ * the `baseIndexOf` function.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the "indexOf" function.
+ */
+ function getIndexOf() {
+ var result = (result = lodash.indexOf) === indexOf ? baseIndexOf : result;
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Sets `this` binding data on a given function.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Function} func The function to set data on.
+ * @param {*} value The value to set.
+ */
+ var setBindData = !defineProperty ? noop : function(func, value) {
+ descriptor.value = value;
+ defineProperty(func, '__bindData__', descriptor);
+ };
+
+ /**
+ * A fallback implementation of `isPlainObject` which checks if a given value
+ * is an object created by the `Object` constructor, assuming objects created
+ * by the `Object` constructor have no inherited enumerable properties and that
+ * there are no `Object.prototype` extensions.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a plain object, else `false`.
+ */
+ function shimIsPlainObject(value) {
+ var ctor,
+ result;
+
+ // avoid non Object objects, `arguments` objects, and DOM elements
+ if (!(value && toString.call(value) == objectClass) ||
+ (ctor = value.constructor, isFunction(ctor) && !(ctor instanceof ctor))) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ // In most environments an object's own properties are iterated before
+ // its inherited properties. If the last iterated property is an object's
+ // own property then there are no inherited enumerable properties.
+ forIn(value, function(value, key) {
+ result = key;
+ });
+ return typeof result == 'undefined' || hasOwnProperty.call(value, result);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Used by `unescape` to convert HTML entities to characters.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {string} match The matched character to unescape.
+ * @returns {string} Returns the unescaped character.
+ */
+ function unescapeHtmlChar(match) {
+ return htmlUnescapes[match];
+ }
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is an `arguments` object.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is an `arguments` object, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * (function() { return _.isArguments(arguments); })(1, 2, 3);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isArguments([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => false
+ */
+ function isArguments(value) {
+ return value && typeof value == 'object' && typeof value.length == 'number' &&
+ toString.call(value) == argsClass || false;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is an array.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Function
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is an array, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * (function() { return _.isArray(arguments); })();
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => true
+ */
+ var isArray = nativeIsArray || function(value) {
+ return value && typeof value == 'object' && typeof value.length == 'number' &&
+ toString.call(value) == arrayClass || false;
+ };
+
+ /**
+ * A fallback implementation of `Object.keys` which produces an array of the
+ * given object's own enumerable property names.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @type Function
+ * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns an array of property names.
+ */
+ var shimKeys = function(object) {
+ var index, iterable = object, result = [];
+ if (!iterable) return result;
+ if (!(objectTypes[typeof object])) return result;
+ for (index in iterable) {
+ if (hasOwnProperty.call(iterable, index)) {
+ result.push(index);
+ }
+ }
+ return result
+ };
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array composed of the own enumerable property names of an object.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns an array of property names.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.keys({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
+ * // => ['one', 'two', 'three'] (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
+ */
+ var keys = !nativeKeys ? shimKeys : function(object) {
+ if (!isObject(object)) {
+ return [];
+ }
+ return nativeKeys(object);
+ };
+
+ /**
+ * Used to convert characters to HTML entities:
+ *
+ * Though the `>` character is escaped for symmetry, characters like `>` and `/`
+ * don't require escaping in HTML and have no special meaning unless they're part
+ * of a tag or an unquoted attribute value.
+ * http://mathiasbynens.be/notes/ambiguous-ampersands (under "semi-related fun fact")
+ */
+ var htmlEscapes = {
+ '&': '&',
+ '<': '<',
+ '>': '>',
+ '"': '"',
+ "'": '''
+ };
+
+ /** Used to convert HTML entities to characters */
+ var htmlUnescapes = invert(htmlEscapes);
+
+ /** Used to match HTML entities and HTML characters */
+ var reEscapedHtml = RegExp('(' + keys(htmlUnescapes).join('|') + ')', 'g'),
+ reUnescapedHtml = RegExp('[' + keys(htmlEscapes).join('') + ']', 'g');
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * Assigns own enumerable properties of source object(s) to the destination
+ * object. Subsequent sources will overwrite property assignments of previous
+ * sources. If a callback is provided it will be executed to produce the
+ * assigned values. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with two
+ * arguments; (objectValue, sourceValue).
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Function
+ * @alias extend
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+ * @param {...Object} [source] The source objects.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize assigning values.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.assign({ 'name': 'moe' }, { 'age': 40 });
+ * // => { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }
+ *
+ * var defaults = _.partialRight(_.assign, function(a, b) {
+ * return typeof a == 'undefined' ? b : a;
+ * });
+ *
+ * var food = { 'name': 'apple' };
+ * defaults(food, { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' });
+ * // => { 'name': 'apple', 'type': 'fruit' }
+ */
+ var assign = function(object, source, guard) {
+ var index, iterable = object, result = iterable;
+ if (!iterable) return result;
+ var args = arguments,
+ argsIndex = 0,
+ argsLength = typeof guard == 'number' ? 2 : args.length;
+ if (argsLength > 3 && typeof args[argsLength - 2] == 'function') {
+ var callback = baseCreateCallback(args[--argsLength - 1], args[argsLength--], 2);
+ } else if (argsLength > 2 && typeof args[argsLength - 1] == 'function') {
+ callback = args[--argsLength];
+ }
+ while (++argsIndex < argsLength) {
+ iterable = args[argsIndex];
+ if (iterable && objectTypes[typeof iterable]) {
+ var ownIndex = -1,
+ ownProps = objectTypes[typeof iterable] && keys(iterable),
+ length = ownProps ? ownProps.length : 0;
+
+ while (++ownIndex < length) {
+ index = ownProps[ownIndex];
+ result[index] = callback ? callback(result[index], iterable[index]) : iterable[index];
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ return result
+ };
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a clone of `value`. If `deep` is `true` nested objects will also
+ * be cloned, otherwise they will be assigned by reference. If a callback
+ * is provided it will be executed to produce the cloned values. If the
+ * callback returns `undefined` cloning will be handled by the method instead.
+ * The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with one argument; (value).
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {*} value The value to clone.
+ * @param {boolean} [deep=false] Specify a deep clone.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize cloning values.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {*} Returns the cloned value.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+ * { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * var shallow = _.clone(stooges);
+ * shallow[0] === stooges[0];
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * var deep = _.clone(stooges, true);
+ * deep[0] === stooges[0];
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.mixin({
+ * 'clone': _.partialRight(_.clone, function(value) {
+ * return _.isElement(value) ? value.cloneNode(false) : undefined;
+ * })
+ * });
+ *
+ * var clone = _.clone(document.body);
+ * clone.childNodes.length;
+ * // => 0
+ */
+ function clone(value, deep, callback, thisArg) {
+ // allows working with "Collections" methods without using their `index`
+ // and `collection` arguments for `deep` and `callback`
+ if (typeof deep != 'boolean' && deep != null) {
+ thisArg = callback;
+ callback = deep;
+ deep = false;
+ }
+ return baseClone(value, deep, typeof callback == 'function' && baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 1));
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a deep clone of `value`. If a callback is provided it will be
+ * executed to produce the cloned values. If the callback returns `undefined`
+ * cloning will be handled by the method instead. The callback is bound to
+ * `thisArg` and invoked with one argument; (value).
+ *
+ * Note: This method is loosely based on the structured clone algorithm. Functions
+ * and DOM nodes are **not** cloned. The enumerable properties of `arguments` objects and
+ * objects created by constructors other than `Object` are cloned to plain `Object` objects.
+ * See http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/infrastructure.html#internal-structured-cloning-algorithm.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {*} value The value to deep clone.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize cloning values.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {*} Returns the deep cloned value.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+ * { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * var deep = _.cloneDeep(stooges);
+ * deep[0] === stooges[0];
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * var view = {
+ * 'label': 'docs',
+ * 'node': element
+ * };
+ *
+ * var clone = _.cloneDeep(view, function(value) {
+ * return _.isElement(value) ? value.cloneNode(true) : undefined;
+ * });
+ *
+ * clone.node == view.node;
+ * // => false
+ */
+ function cloneDeep(value, callback, thisArg) {
+ return baseClone(value, true, typeof callback == 'function' && baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 1));
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Assigns own enumerable properties of source object(s) to the destination
+ * object for all destination properties that resolve to `undefined`. Once a
+ * property is set, additional defaults of the same property will be ignored.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Function
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+ * @param {...Object} [source] The source objects.
+ * @param- {Object} [guard] Allows working with `_.reduce` without using its
+ * `key` and `object` arguments as sources.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var food = { 'name': 'apple' };
+ * _.defaults(food, { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' });
+ * // => { 'name': 'apple', 'type': 'fruit' }
+ */
+ var defaults = function(object, source, guard) {
+ var index, iterable = object, result = iterable;
+ if (!iterable) return result;
+ var args = arguments,
+ argsIndex = 0,
+ argsLength = typeof guard == 'number' ? 2 : args.length;
+ while (++argsIndex < argsLength) {
+ iterable = args[argsIndex];
+ if (iterable && objectTypes[typeof iterable]) {
+ var ownIndex = -1,
+ ownProps = objectTypes[typeof iterable] && keys(iterable),
+ length = ownProps ? ownProps.length : 0;
+
+ while (++ownIndex < length) {
+ index = ownProps[ownIndex];
+ if (typeof result[index] == 'undefined') result[index] = iterable[index];
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ return result
+ };
+
+ /**
+ * This method is like `_.findIndex` except that it returns the key of the
+ * first element that passes the callback check, instead of the element itself.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to search.
+ * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used to
+ * create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {string|undefined} Returns the key of the found element, else `undefined`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.findKey({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4 }, function(num) {
+ * return num % 2 == 0;
+ * });
+ * // => 'b' (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
+ */
+ function findKey(object, callback, thisArg) {
+ var result;
+ callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+ forOwn(object, function(value, key, object) {
+ if (callback(value, key, object)) {
+ result = key;
+ return false;
+ }
+ });
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * This method is like `_.findKey` except that it iterates over elements
+ * of a `collection` in the opposite order.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to search.
+ * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used to
+ * create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {string|undefined} Returns the key of the found element, else `undefined`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.findLastKey({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4 }, function(num) {
+ * return num % 2 == 1;
+ * });
+ * // => returns `c`, assuming `_.findKey` returns `a`
+ */
+ function findLastKey(object, callback, thisArg) {
+ var result;
+ callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+ forOwnRight(object, function(value, key, object) {
+ if (callback(value, key, object)) {
+ result = key;
+ return false;
+ }
+ });
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Iterates over own and inherited enumerable properties of an object,
+ * executing the callback for each property. The callback is bound to `thisArg`
+ * and invoked with three arguments; (value, key, object). Callbacks may exit
+ * iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Function
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * function Dog(name) {
+ * this.name = name;
+ * }
+ *
+ * Dog.prototype.bark = function() {
+ * console.log('Woof, woof!');
+ * };
+ *
+ * _.forIn(new Dog('Dagny'), function(value, key) {
+ * console.log(key);
+ * });
+ * // => logs 'bark' and 'name' (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
+ */
+ var forIn = function(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var index, iterable = collection, result = iterable;
+ if (!iterable) return result;
+ if (!objectTypes[typeof iterable]) return result;
+ callback = callback && typeof thisArg == 'undefined' ? callback : baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+ for (index in iterable) {
+ if (callback(iterable[index], index, collection) === false) return result;
+ }
+ return result
+ };
+
+ /**
+ * This method is like `_.forIn` except that it iterates over elements
+ * of a `collection` in the opposite order.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * function Dog(name) {
+ * this.name = name;
+ * }
+ *
+ * Dog.prototype.bark = function() {
+ * console.log('Woof, woof!');
+ * };
+ *
+ * _.forInRight(new Dog('Dagny'), function(value, key) {
+ * console.log(key);
+ * });
+ * // => logs 'name' and 'bark' assuming `_.forIn ` logs 'bark' and 'name'
+ */
+ function forInRight(object, callback, thisArg) {
+ var pairs = [];
+
+ forIn(object, function(value, key) {
+ pairs.push(key, value);
+ });
+
+ var length = pairs.length;
+ callback = baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+ while (length--) {
+ if (callback(pairs[length--], pairs[length], object) === false) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ return object;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Iterates over own enumerable properties of an object, executing the callback
+ * for each property. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+ * arguments; (value, key, object). Callbacks may exit iteration early by
+ * explicitly returning `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Function
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.forOwn({ '0': 'zero', '1': 'one', 'length': 2 }, function(num, key) {
+ * console.log(key);
+ * });
+ * // => logs '0', '1', and 'length' (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
+ */
+ var forOwn = function(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var index, iterable = collection, result = iterable;
+ if (!iterable) return result;
+ if (!objectTypes[typeof iterable]) return result;
+ callback = callback && typeof thisArg == 'undefined' ? callback : baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+ var ownIndex = -1,
+ ownProps = objectTypes[typeof iterable] && keys(iterable),
+ length = ownProps ? ownProps.length : 0;
+
+ while (++ownIndex < length) {
+ index = ownProps[ownIndex];
+ if (callback(iterable[index], index, collection) === false) return result;
+ }
+ return result
+ };
+
+ /**
+ * This method is like `_.forOwn` except that it iterates over elements
+ * of a `collection` in the opposite order.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.forOwnRight({ '0': 'zero', '1': 'one', 'length': 2 }, function(num, key) {
+ * console.log(key);
+ * });
+ * // => logs 'length', '1', and '0' assuming `_.forOwn` logs '0', '1', and 'length'
+ */
+ function forOwnRight(object, callback, thisArg) {
+ var props = keys(object),
+ length = props.length;
+
+ callback = baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+ while (length--) {
+ var key = props[length];
+ if (callback(object[key], key, object) === false) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ return object;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a sorted array of property names of all enumerable properties,
+ * own and inherited, of `object` that have function values.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias methods
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns an array of property names that have function values.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.functions(_);
+ * // => ['all', 'any', 'bind', 'bindAll', 'clone', 'compact', 'compose', ...]
+ */
+ function functions(object) {
+ var result = [];
+ forIn(object, function(value, key) {
+ if (isFunction(value)) {
+ result.push(key);
+ }
+ });
+ return result.sort();
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if the specified object `property` exists and is a direct property,
+ * instead of an inherited property.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to check.
+ * @param {string} property The property to check for.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if key is a direct property, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.has({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }, 'b');
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function has(object, property) {
+ return object ? hasOwnProperty.call(object, property) : false;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an object composed of the inverted keys and values of the given object.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to invert.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns the created inverted object.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.invert({ 'first': 'moe', 'second': 'larry' });
+ * // => { 'moe': 'first', 'larry': 'second' }
+ */
+ function invert(object) {
+ var index = -1,
+ props = keys(object),
+ length = props.length,
+ result = {};
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var key = props[index];
+ result[object[key]] = key;
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is a boolean value.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a boolean value, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isBoolean(null);
+ * // => false
+ */
+ function isBoolean(value) {
+ return value === true || value === false || toString.call(value) == boolClass;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is a date.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a date, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isDate(new Date);
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isDate(value) {
+ return value ? (typeof value == 'object' && toString.call(value) == dateClass) : false;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is a DOM element.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a DOM element, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isElement(document.body);
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isElement(value) {
+ return value ? value.nodeType === 1 : false;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is empty. Arrays, strings, or `arguments` objects with a
+ * length of `0` and objects with no own enumerable properties are considered
+ * "empty".
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} value The value to inspect.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is empty, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isEmpty([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isEmpty({});
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isEmpty('');
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isEmpty(value) {
+ var result = true;
+ if (!value) {
+ return result;
+ }
+ var className = toString.call(value),
+ length = value.length;
+
+ if ((className == arrayClass || className == stringClass || className == argsClass ) ||
+ (className == objectClass && typeof length == 'number' && isFunction(value.splice))) {
+ return !length;
+ }
+ forOwn(value, function() {
+ return (result = false);
+ });
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Performs a deep comparison between two values to determine if they are
+ * equivalent to each other. If a callback is provided it will be executed
+ * to compare values. If the callback returns `undefined` comparisons will
+ * be handled by the method instead. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and
+ * invoked with two arguments; (a, b).
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {*} a The value to compare.
+ * @param {*} b The other value to compare.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize comparing values.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var moe = { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 };
+ * var copy = { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 };
+ *
+ * moe == copy;
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isEqual(moe, copy);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * var words = ['hello', 'goodbye'];
+ * var otherWords = ['hi', 'goodbye'];
+ *
+ * _.isEqual(words, otherWords, function(a, b) {
+ * var reGreet = /^(?:hello|hi)$/i,
+ * aGreet = _.isString(a) && reGreet.test(a),
+ * bGreet = _.isString(b) && reGreet.test(b);
+ *
+ * return (aGreet || bGreet) ? (aGreet == bGreet) : undefined;
+ * });
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isEqual(a, b, callback, thisArg) {
+ return baseIsEqual(a, b, typeof callback == 'function' && baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 2));
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is, or can be coerced to, a finite number.
+ *
+ * Note: This is not the same as native `isFinite` which will return true for
+ * booleans and empty strings. See http://es5.github.io/#x15.1.2.5.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is finite, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isFinite(-101);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isFinite('10');
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isFinite(true);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isFinite('');
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isFinite(Infinity);
+ * // => false
+ */
+ function isFinite(value) {
+ return nativeIsFinite(value) && !nativeIsNaN(parseFloat(value));
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is a function.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a function, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isFunction(_);
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isFunction(value) {
+ return typeof value == 'function';
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is the language type of Object.
+ * (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is an object, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isObject({});
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObject(1);
+ * // => false
+ */
+ function isObject(value) {
+ // check if the value is the ECMAScript language type of Object
+ // http://es5.github.io/#x8
+ // and avoid a V8 bug
+ // http://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2291
+ return !!(value && objectTypes[typeof value]);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is `NaN`.
+ *
+ * Note: This is not the same as native `isNaN` which will return `true` for
+ * `undefined` and other non-numeric values. See http://es5.github.io/#x15.1.2.4.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is `NaN`, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isNaN(NaN);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isNaN(new Number(NaN));
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * isNaN(undefined);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isNaN(undefined);
+ * // => false
+ */
+ function isNaN(value) {
+ // `NaN` as a primitive is the only value that is not equal to itself
+ // (perform the [[Class]] check first to avoid errors with some host objects in IE)
+ return isNumber(value) && value != +value;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is `null`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is `null`, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isNull(null);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isNull(undefined);
+ * // => false
+ */
+ function isNull(value) {
+ return value === null;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is a number.
+ *
+ * Note: `NaN` is considered a number. See http://es5.github.io/#x8.5.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a number, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isNumber(8.4 * 5);
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isNumber(value) {
+ return typeof value == 'number' || toString.call(value) == numberClass;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is an object created by the `Object` constructor.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a plain object, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * function Stooge(name, age) {
+ * this.name = name;
+ * this.age = age;
+ * }
+ *
+ * _.isPlainObject(new Stooge('moe', 40));
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isPlainObject([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isPlainObject({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 });
+ * // => true
+ */
+ var isPlainObject = function(value) {
+ if (!(value && toString.call(value) == objectClass)) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ var valueOf = value.valueOf,
+ objProto = typeof valueOf == 'function' && (objProto = getPrototypeOf(valueOf)) && getPrototypeOf(objProto);
+
+ return objProto
+ ? (value == objProto || getPrototypeOf(value) == objProto)
+ : shimIsPlainObject(value);
+ };
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is a regular expression.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a regular expression, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isRegExp(/moe/);
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isRegExp(value) {
+ return value ? (typeof value == 'object' && toString.call(value) == regexpClass) : false;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is a string.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a string, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isString('moe');
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isString(value) {
+ return typeof value == 'string' || toString.call(value) == stringClass;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is `undefined`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is `undefined`, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isUndefined(void 0);
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isUndefined(value) {
+ return typeof value == 'undefined';
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Recursively merges own enumerable properties of the source object(s), that
+ * don't resolve to `undefined` into the destination object. Subsequent sources
+ * will overwrite property assignments of previous sources. If a callback is
+ * provided it will be executed to produce the merged values of the destination
+ * and source properties. If the callback returns `undefined` merging will
+ * be handled by the method instead. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and
+ * invoked with two arguments; (objectValue, sourceValue).
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+ * @param {...Object} [source] The source objects.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize merging properties.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var names = {
+ * 'stooges': [
+ * { 'name': 'moe' },
+ * { 'name': 'larry' }
+ * ]
+ * };
+ *
+ * var ages = {
+ * 'stooges': [
+ * { 'age': 40 },
+ * { 'age': 50 }
+ * ]
+ * };
+ *
+ * _.merge(names, ages);
+ * // => { 'stooges': [{ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }, { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }] }
+ *
+ * var food = {
+ * 'fruits': ['apple'],
+ * 'vegetables': ['beet']
+ * };
+ *
+ * var otherFood = {
+ * 'fruits': ['banana'],
+ * 'vegetables': ['carrot']
+ * };
+ *
+ * _.merge(food, otherFood, function(a, b) {
+ * return _.isArray(a) ? a.concat(b) : undefined;
+ * });
+ * // => { 'fruits': ['apple', 'banana'], 'vegetables': ['beet', 'carrot] }
+ */
+ function merge(object) {
+ var args = arguments,
+ length = 2;
+
+ if (!isObject(object)) {
+ return object;
+ }
+ // allows working with `_.reduce` and `_.reduceRight` without using
+ // their `index` and `collection` arguments
+ if (typeof args[2] != 'number') {
+ length = args.length;
+ }
+ if (length > 3 && typeof args[length - 2] == 'function') {
+ var callback = baseCreateCallback(args[--length - 1], args[length--], 2);
+ } else if (length > 2 && typeof args[length - 1] == 'function') {
+ callback = args[--length];
+ }
+ var sources = nativeSlice.call(arguments, 1, length),
+ index = -1,
+ stackA = getArray(),
+ stackB = getArray();
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ baseMerge(object, sources[index], callback, stackA, stackB);
+ }
+ releaseArray(stackA);
+ releaseArray(stackB);
+ return object;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a shallow clone of `object` excluding the specified properties.
+ * Property names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of
+ * property names. If a callback is provided it will be executed for each
+ * property of `object` omitting the properties the callback returns truey
+ * for. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
+ * (value, key, object).
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The source object.
+ * @param {Function|...string|string[]} [callback] The properties to omit or the
+ * function called per iteration.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns an object without the omitted properties.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.omit({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }, 'age');
+ * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
+ *
+ * _.omit({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }, function(value) {
+ * return typeof value == 'number';
+ * });
+ * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
+ */
+ function omit(object, callback, thisArg) {
+ var indexOf = getIndexOf(),
+ isFunc = typeof callback == 'function',
+ result = {};
+
+ if (isFunc) {
+ callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+ } else {
+ var props = baseFlatten(arguments, true, false, 1);
+ }
+ forIn(object, function(value, key, object) {
+ if (isFunc
+ ? !callback(value, key, object)
+ : indexOf(props, key) < 0
+ ) {
+ result[key] = value;
+ }
+ });
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a two dimensional array of an object's key-value pairs,
+ * i.e. `[[key1, value1], [key2, value2]]`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns new array of key-value pairs.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.pairs({ 'moe': 30, 'larry': 40 });
+ * // => [['moe', 30], ['larry', 40]] (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
+ */
+ function pairs(object) {
+ var index = -1,
+ props = keys(object),
+ length = props.length,
+ result = Array(length);
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var key = props[index];
+ result[index] = [key, object[key]];
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a shallow clone of `object` composed of the specified properties.
+ * Property names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of
+ * property names. If a callback is provided it will be executed for each
+ * property of `object` picking the properties the callback returns truey
+ * for. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
+ * (value, key, object).
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The source object.
+ * @param {Function|...string|string[]} [callback] The function called per
+ * iteration or property names to pick, specified as individual property
+ * names or arrays of property names.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns an object composed of the picked properties.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.pick({ 'name': 'moe', '_userid': 'moe1' }, 'name');
+ * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
+ *
+ * _.pick({ 'name': 'moe', '_userid': 'moe1' }, function(value, key) {
+ * return key.charAt(0) != '_';
+ * });
+ * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
+ */
+ function pick(object, callback, thisArg) {
+ var result = {};
+ if (typeof callback != 'function') {
+ var index = -1,
+ props = baseFlatten(arguments, true, false, 1),
+ length = isObject(object) ? props.length : 0;
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var key = props[index];
+ if (key in object) {
+ result[key] = object[key];
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+ forIn(object, function(value, key, object) {
+ if (callback(value, key, object)) {
+ result[key] = value;
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * An alternative to `_.reduce` this method transforms `object` to a new
+ * `accumulator` object which is the result of running each of its elements
+ * through a callback, with each callback execution potentially mutating
+ * the `accumulator` object. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
+ * with four arguments; (accumulator, value, key, object). Callbacks may exit
+ * iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+ * @param {*} [accumulator] The custom accumulator value.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var squares = _.transform([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], function(result, num) {
+ * num *= num;
+ * if (num % 2) {
+ * return result.push(num) < 3;
+ * }
+ * });
+ * // => [1, 9, 25]
+ *
+ * var mapped = _.transform({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }, function(result, num, key) {
+ * result[key] = num * 3;
+ * });
+ * // => { 'a': 3, 'b': 6, 'c': 9 }
+ */
+ function transform(object, callback, accumulator, thisArg) {
+ var isArr = isArray(object);
+ callback = baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 4);
+
+ if (accumulator == null) {
+ if (isArr) {
+ accumulator = [];
+ } else {
+ var ctor = object && object.constructor,
+ proto = ctor && ctor.prototype;
+
+ accumulator = createObject(proto);
+ }
+ }
+ (isArr ? forEach : forOwn)(object, function(value, index, object) {
+ return callback(accumulator, value, index, object);
+ });
+ return accumulator;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array composed of the own enumerable property values of `object`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns an array of property values.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.values({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
+ * // => [1, 2, 3] (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
+ */
+ function values(object) {
+ var index = -1,
+ props = keys(object),
+ length = props.length,
+ result = Array(length);
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ result[index] = object[props[index]];
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array of elements from the specified indexes, or keys, of the
+ * `collection`. Indexes may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays
+ * of indexes.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {...(number|number[]|string|string[])} [index] The indexes of `collection`
+ * to retrieve, specified as individual indexes or arrays of indexes.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements corresponding to the
+ * provided indexes.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.at(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'], [0, 2, 4]);
+ * // => ['a', 'c', 'e']
+ *
+ * _.at(['moe', 'larry', 'curly'], 0, 2);
+ * // => ['moe', 'curly']
+ */
+ function at(collection) {
+ var args = arguments,
+ index = -1,
+ props = baseFlatten(args, true, false, 1),
+ length = (args[2] && args[2][args[1]] === collection) ? 1 : props.length,
+ result = Array(length);
+
+ while(++index < length) {
+ result[index] = collection[props[index]];
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if a given value is present in a collection using strict equality
+ * for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If `fromIndex` is negative, it is used as the
+ * offset from the end of the collection.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias include
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {*} target The value to check for.
+ * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `target` element is found, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.contains([1, 2, 3], 1);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.contains([1, 2, 3], 1, 2);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.contains({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }, 'moe');
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.contains('curly', 'ur');
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function contains(collection, target, fromIndex) {
+ var index = -1,
+ indexOf = getIndexOf(),
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
+ result = false;
+
+ fromIndex = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(0, length + fromIndex) : fromIndex) || 0;
+ if (isArray(collection)) {
+ result = indexOf(collection, target, fromIndex) > -1;
+ } else if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ result = (isString(collection) ? collection.indexOf(target, fromIndex) : indexOf(collection, target, fromIndex)) > -1;
+ } else {
+ forOwn(collection, function(value) {
+ if (++index >= fromIndex) {
+ return !(result = value === target);
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
+ * each element of `collection` through the callback. The corresponding value
+ * of each key is the number of times the key was returned by the callback.
+ * The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
+ * (value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
+ * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
+ * to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return Math.floor(num); });
+ * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
+ *
+ * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
+ * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
+ *
+ * _.countBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
+ * // => { '3': 2, '5': 1 }
+ */
+ var countBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
+ (hasOwnProperty.call(result, key) ? result[key]++ : result[key] = 1);
+ });
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if the given callback returns truey value for **all** elements of
+ * a collection. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+ * arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias all
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
+ * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
+ * to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements passed the callback check,
+ * else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.every([true, 1, null, 'yes'], Boolean);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+ * { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.every(stooges, 'age');
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+ * _.every(stooges, { 'age': 50 });
+ * // => false
+ */
+ function every(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var result = true;
+ callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ while (++index < length) {
+ if (!(result = !!callback(collection[index], index, collection))) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ return (result = !!callback(value, index, collection));
+ });
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Iterates over elements of a collection, returning an array of all elements
+ * the callback returns truey for. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and
+ * invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias select
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
+ * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
+ * to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that passed the callback check.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var evens = _.filter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
+ * // => [2, 4, 6]
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'apple', 'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true, 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.filter(food, 'organic');
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true, 'type': 'vegetable' }]
+ *
+ * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+ * _.filter(food, { 'type': 'fruit' });
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'apple', 'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' }]
+ */
+ function filter(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var result = [];
+ callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = collection[index];
+ if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
+ result.push(value);
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
+ result.push(value);
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Iterates over elements of a collection, returning the first element that
+ * the callback returns truey for. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and
+ * invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias detect, findWhere
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
+ * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
+ * to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {*} Returns the found element, else `undefined`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.find([1, 2, 3, 4], function(num) {
+ * return num % 2 == 0;
+ * });
+ * // => 2
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'apple', 'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true, 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false, 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+ * _.find(food, { 'type': 'vegetable' });
+ * // => { 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false, 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.find(food, 'organic');
+ * // => { 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true, 'type': 'fruit' }
+ */
+ function find(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = collection[index];
+ if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
+ return value;
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ var result;
+ forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
+ result = value;
+ return false;
+ }
+ });
+ return result;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * This method is like `_.find` except that it iterates over elements
+ * of a `collection` from right to left.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
+ * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
+ * to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {*} Returns the found element, else `undefined`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.findLast([1, 2, 3, 4], function(num) {
+ * return num % 2 == 1;
+ * });
+ * // => 3
+ */
+ function findLast(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var result;
+ callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+ forEachRight(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
+ result = value;
+ return false;
+ }
+ });
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Iterates over elements of a collection, executing the callback for each
+ * element. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
+ * (value, index|key, collection). Callbacks may exit iteration early by
+ * explicitly returning `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias each
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array|Object|string} Returns `collection`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _([1, 2, 3]).forEach(function(num) { console.log(num); }).join(',');
+ * // => logs each number and returns '1,2,3'
+ *
+ * _.forEach({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 }, function(num) { console.log(num); });
+ * // => logs each number and returns the object (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
+ */
+ function forEach(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ callback = callback && typeof thisArg == 'undefined' ? callback : baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ while (++index < length) {
+ if (callback(collection[index], index, collection) === false) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ forOwn(collection, callback);
+ }
+ return collection;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * This method is like `_.forEach` except that it iterates over elements
+ * of a `collection` from right to left.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias eachRight
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array|Object|string} Returns `collection`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _([1, 2, 3]).forEachRight(function(num) { console.log(num); }).join(',');
+ * // => logs each number from right to left and returns '3,2,1'
+ */
+ function forEachRight(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+ callback = callback && typeof thisArg == 'undefined' ? callback : baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ while (length--) {
+ if (callback(collection[length], length, collection) === false) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ var props = keys(collection);
+ length = props.length;
+ forOwn(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
+ key = props ? props[--length] : --length;
+ return callback(collection[key], key, collection);
+ });
+ }
+ return collection;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
+ * each element of a collection through the callback. The corresponding value
+ * of each key is an array of the elements responsible for generating the key.
+ * The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
+ * (value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
+ * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
+ * to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return Math.floor(num); });
+ * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }
+ *
+ * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
+ * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.groupBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
+ * // => { '3': ['one', 'two'], '5': ['three'] }
+ */
+ var groupBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
+ (hasOwnProperty.call(result, key) ? result[key] : result[key] = []).push(value);
+ });
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
+ * each element of the collection through the given callback. The corresponding
+ * value of each key is the last element responsible for generating the key.
+ * The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
+ * (value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
+ * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
+ * to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var keys = [
+ * { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 },
+ * { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * _.indexBy(keys, 'dir');
+ * // => { 'left': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'right': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }
+ *
+ * _.indexBy(keys, function(key) { return String.fromCharCode(key.code); });
+ * // => { 'a': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'd': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }
+ *
+ * _.indexBy(stooges, function(key) { this.fromCharCode(key.code); }, String);
+ * // => { 'a': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'd': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }
+ */
+ var indexBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
+ result[key] = value;
+ });
+
+ /**
+ * Invokes the method named by `methodName` on each element in the `collection`
+ * returning an array of the results of each invoked method. Additional arguments
+ * will be provided to each invoked method. If `methodName` is a function it
+ * will be invoked for, and `this` bound to, each element in the `collection`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|string} methodName The name of the method to invoke or
+ * the function invoked per iteration.
+ * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to invoke the method with.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of the results of each invoked method.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.invoke([[5, 1, 7], [3, 2, 1]], 'sort');
+ * // => [[1, 5, 7], [1, 2, 3]]
+ *
+ * _.invoke([123, 456], String.prototype.split, '');
+ * // => [['1', '2', '3'], ['4', '5', '6']]
+ */
+ function invoke(collection, methodName) {
+ var args = nativeSlice.call(arguments, 2),
+ index = -1,
+ isFunc = typeof methodName == 'function',
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
+ result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);
+
+ forEach(collection, function(value) {
+ result[++index] = (isFunc ? methodName : value[methodName]).apply(value, args);
+ });
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array of values by running each element in the collection
+ * through the callback. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with
+ * three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias collect
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
+ * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
+ * to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of the results of each `callback` execution.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.map([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return num * 3; });
+ * // => [3, 6, 9]
+ *
+ * _.map({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 }, function(num) { return num * 3; });
+ * // => [3, 6, 9] (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+ * { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.map(stooges, 'name');
+ * // => ['moe', 'larry']
+ */
+ function map(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ var result = Array(length);
+ while (++index < length) {
+ result[index] = callback(collection[index], index, collection);
+ }
+ } else {
+ result = [];
+ forOwn(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
+ result[++index] = callback(value, key, collection);
+ });
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Retrieves the maximum value of a collection. If the collection is empty or
+ * falsey `-Infinity` is returned. If a callback is provided it will be executed
+ * for each value in the collection to generate the criterion by which the value
+ * is ranked. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+ * arguments; (value, index, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
+ * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
+ * to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {*} Returns the maximum value.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.max([4, 2, 8, 6]);
+ * // => 8
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+ * { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * _.max(stooges, function(stooge) { return stooge.age; });
+ * // => { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 };
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.max(stooges, 'age');
+ * // => { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 };
+ */
+ function max(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var computed = -Infinity,
+ result = computed;
+
+ if (!callback && isArray(collection)) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection.length;
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = collection[index];
+ if (value > result) {
+ result = value;
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ callback = (!callback && isString(collection))
+ ? charAtCallback
+ : lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+
+ forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ var current = callback(value, index, collection);
+ if (current > computed) {
+ computed = current;
+ result = value;
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Retrieves the minimum value of a collection. If the collection is empty or
+ * falsey `Infinity` is returned. If a callback is provided it will be executed
+ * for each value in the collection to generate the criterion by which the value
+ * is ranked. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+ * arguments; (value, index, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
+ * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
+ * to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {*} Returns the minimum value.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.min([4, 2, 8, 6]);
+ * // => 2
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+ * { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * _.min(stooges, function(stooge) { return stooge.age; });
+ * // => { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 };
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.min(stooges, 'age');
+ * // => { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 };
+ */
+ function min(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var computed = Infinity,
+ result = computed;
+
+ if (!callback && isArray(collection)) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection.length;
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = collection[index];
+ if (value < result) {
+ result = value;
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ callback = (!callback && isString(collection))
+ ? charAtCallback
+ : lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+
+ forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ var current = callback(value, index, collection);
+ if (current < computed) {
+ computed = current;
+ result = value;
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Retrieves the value of a specified property from all elements in the `collection`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Function
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {string} property The property to pluck.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property values.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+ * { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * _.pluck(stooges, 'name');
+ * // => ['moe', 'larry']
+ */
+ function pluck(collection, property) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ var result = Array(length);
+ while (++index < length) {
+ result[index] = collection[index][property];
+ }
+ }
+ return result || map(collection, property);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Reduces a collection to a value which is the accumulated result of running
+ * each element in the collection through the callback, where each successive
+ * callback execution consumes the return value of the previous execution. If
+ * `accumulator` is not provided the first element of the collection will be
+ * used as the initial `accumulator` value. The callback is bound to `thisArg`
+ * and invoked with four arguments; (accumulator, value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias foldl, inject
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+ * @param {*} [accumulator] Initial value of the accumulator.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var sum = _.reduce([1, 2, 3], function(sum, num) {
+ * return sum + num;
+ * });
+ * // => 6
+ *
+ * var mapped = _.reduce({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }, function(result, num, key) {
+ * result[key] = num * 3;
+ * return result;
+ * }, {});
+ * // => { 'a': 3, 'b': 6, 'c': 9 }
+ */
+ function reduce(collection, callback, accumulator, thisArg) {
+ if (!collection) return accumulator;
+ var noaccum = arguments.length < 3;
+ callback = baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 4);
+
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection.length;
+
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ if (noaccum) {
+ accumulator = collection[++index];
+ }
+ while (++index < length) {
+ accumulator = callback(accumulator, collection[index], index, collection);
+ }
+ } else {
+ forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ accumulator = noaccum
+ ? (noaccum = false, value)
+ : callback(accumulator, value, index, collection)
+ });
+ }
+ return accumulator;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * This method is like `_.reduce` except that it iterates over elements
+ * of a `collection` from right to left.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias foldr
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+ * @param {*} [accumulator] Initial value of the accumulator.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var list = [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]];
+ * var flat = _.reduceRight(list, function(a, b) { return a.concat(b); }, []);
+ * // => [4, 5, 2, 3, 0, 1]
+ */
+ function reduceRight(collection, callback, accumulator, thisArg) {
+ var noaccum = arguments.length < 3;
+ callback = baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 4);
+ forEachRight(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ accumulator = noaccum
+ ? (noaccum = false, value)
+ : callback(accumulator, value, index, collection);
+ });
+ return accumulator;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * The opposite of `_.filter` this method returns the elements of a
+ * collection that the callback does **not** return truey for.
+ *
+ * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
+ * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
+ * to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that failed the callback check.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var odds = _.reject([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
+ * // => [1, 3, 5]
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'apple', 'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true, 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.reject(food, 'organic');
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'apple', 'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' }]
+ *
+ * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+ * _.reject(food, { 'type': 'fruit' });
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true, 'type': 'vegetable' }]
+ */
+ function reject(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+ return filter(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ return !callback(value, index, collection);
+ });
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Retrieves a random element or `n` random elements from a collection.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to sample.
+ * @param {number} [n] The number of elements to sample.
+ * @param- {Object} [guard] Allows working with functions, like `_.map`,
+ * without using their `key` and `object` arguments as sources.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns the random sample(s) of `collection`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.sample([1, 2, 3, 4]);
+ * // => 2
+ *
+ * _.sample([1, 2, 3, 4], 2);
+ * // => [3, 1]
+ */
+ function sample(collection, n, guard) {
+ var length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+ if (typeof length != 'number') {
+ collection = values(collection);
+ }
+ if (n == null || guard) {
+ return collection ? collection[random(length - 1)] : undefined;
+ }
+ var result = shuffle(collection);
+ result.length = nativeMin(nativeMax(0, n), result.length);
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array of shuffled values, using a version of the Fisher-Yates
+ * shuffle. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher-Yates_shuffle.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to shuffle.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new shuffled collection.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);
+ * // => [4, 1, 6, 3, 5, 2]
+ */
+ function shuffle(collection) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
+ result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);
+
+ forEach(collection, function(value) {
+ var rand = random(++index);
+ result[index] = result[rand];
+ result[rand] = value;
+ });
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Gets the size of the `collection` by returning `collection.length` for arrays
+ * and array-like objects or the number of own enumerable properties for objects.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to inspect.
+ * @returns {number} Returns `collection.length` or number of own enumerable properties.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.size([1, 2]);
+ * // => 2
+ *
+ * _.size({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
+ * // => 3
+ *
+ * _.size('curly');
+ * // => 5
+ */
+ function size(collection) {
+ var length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+ return typeof length == 'number' ? length : keys(collection).length;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if the callback returns a truey value for **any** element of a
+ * collection. The function returns as soon as it finds a passing value and
+ * does not iterate over the entire collection. The callback is bound to
+ * `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias any
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
+ * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
+ * to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passed the callback check,
+ * else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.some([null, 0, 'yes', false], Boolean);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'apple', 'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true, 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.some(food, 'organic');
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+ * _.some(food, { 'type': 'meat' });
+ * // => false
+ */
+ function some(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var result;
+ callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ while (++index < length) {
+ if ((result = callback(collection[index], index, collection))) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ return !(result = callback(value, index, collection));
+ });
+ }
+ return !!result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array of elements, sorted in ascending order by the results of
+ * running each element in a collection through the callback. This method
+ * performs a stable sort, that is, it will preserve the original sort order
+ * of equal elements. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with
+ * three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
+ * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
+ * to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of sorted elements.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return Math.sin(num); });
+ * // => [3, 1, 2]
+ *
+ * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return this.sin(num); }, Math);
+ * // => [3, 1, 2]
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.sortBy(['banana', 'strawberry', 'apple'], 'length');
+ * // => ['apple', 'banana', 'strawberry']
+ */
+ function sortBy(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
+ result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);
+
+ callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+ forEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
+ var object = result[++index] = getObject();
+ object.criteria = callback(value, key, collection);
+ object.index = index;
+ object.value = value;
+ });
+
+ length = result.length;
+ result.sort(compareAscending);
+ while (length--) {
+ var object = result[length];
+ result[length] = object.value;
+ releaseObject(object);
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Converts the `collection` to an array.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to convert.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns the new converted array.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * (function() { return _.toArray(arguments).slice(1); })(1, 2, 3, 4);
+ * // => [2, 3, 4]
+ */
+ function toArray(collection) {
+ if (collection && typeof collection.length == 'number') {
+ return slice(collection);
+ }
+ return values(collection);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Performs a deep comparison of each element in a `collection` to the given
+ * `properties` object, returning an array of all elements that have equivalent
+ * property values.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Function
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Object} properties The object of property values to filter by.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that have the given properties.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 30, 'quotes': ['Oh, a wise guy, eh?', 'Poifect!'] },
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40, 'quotes': ['Spread out!', 'You knucklehead!'] }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * _.where(stooges, { 'age': 40 });
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40, 'quotes': ['Spread out!', 'You knucklehead!'] }]
+ *
+ * _.where(stooges, { 'quotes': ['Poifect!'] });
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'curly', 'age': 30, 'quotes': ['Oh, a wise guy, eh?', 'Poifect!'] }]
+ */
+ var where = filter;
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array with all falsey values removed. The values `false`, `null`,
+ * `0`, `""`, `undefined`, and `NaN` are all falsey.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to compact.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of filtered values.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.compact([0, 1, false, 2, '', 3]);
+ * // => [1, 2, 3]
+ */
+ function compact(array) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = array ? array.length : 0,
+ result = [];
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = array[index];
+ if (value) {
+ result.push(value);
+ }
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array excluding all values of the provided arrays using strict
+ * equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to process.
+ * @param {...Array} [array] The arrays of values to exclude.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of filtered values.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.difference([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [5, 2, 10]);
+ * // => [1, 3, 4]
+ */
+ function difference(array) {
+ var index = -1,
+ indexOf = getIndexOf(),
+ length = array ? array.length : 0,
+ seen = baseFlatten(arguments, true, true, 1),
+ result = [];
+
+ var isLarge = length >= largeArraySize && indexOf === baseIndexOf;
+
+ if (isLarge) {
+ var cache = createCache(seen);
+ if (cache) {
+ indexOf = cacheIndexOf;
+ seen = cache;
+ } else {
+ isLarge = false;
+ }
+ }
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = array[index];
+ if (indexOf(seen, value) < 0) {
+ result.push(value);
+ }
+ }
+ if (isLarge) {
+ releaseObject(seen);
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * This method is like `_.find` except that it returns the index of the first
+ * element that passes the callback check, instead of the element itself.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+ * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
+ * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
+ * to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {number} Returns the index of the found element, else `-1`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.findIndex(['apple', 'banana', 'beet'], function(food) {
+ * return /^b/.test(food);
+ * });
+ * // => 1
+ */
+ function findIndex(array, callback, thisArg) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = array ? array.length : 0;
+
+ callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+ while (++index < length) {
+ if (callback(array[index], index, array)) {
+ return index;
+ }
+ }
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * This method is like `_.findIndex` except that it iterates over elements
+ * of a `collection` from right to left.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+ * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
+ * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
+ * to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {number} Returns the index of the found element, else `-1`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.findLastIndex(['apple', 'banana', 'beet'], function(food) {
+ * return /^b/.test(food);
+ * });
+ * // => 2
+ */
+ function findLastIndex(array, callback, thisArg) {
+ var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+ callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+ while (length--) {
+ if (callback(array[length], length, array)) {
+ return length;
+ }
+ }
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Gets the first element or first `n` elements of an array. If a callback
+ * is provided elements at the beginning of the array are returned as long
+ * as the callback returns truey. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and
+ * invoked with three arguments; (value, index, array).
+ *
+ * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias head, take
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+ * @param {Function|Object|number|string} [callback] The function called
+ * per element or the number of elements to return. If a property name or
+ * object is provided it will be used to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where"
+ * style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {*} Returns the first element(s) of `array`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.first([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => 1
+ *
+ * _.first([1, 2, 3], 2);
+ * // => [1, 2]
+ *
+ * _.first([1, 2, 3], function(num) {
+ * return num < 3;
+ * });
+ * // => [1, 2]
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true },
+ * { 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false },
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.first(food, 'organic');
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true }]
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'apple', 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'beet', 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+ * _.first(food, { 'type': 'fruit' });
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'apple', 'type': 'fruit' }, { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' }]
+ */
+ function first(array, callback, thisArg) {
+ var n = 0,
+ length = array ? array.length : 0;
+
+ if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {
+ var index = -1;
+ callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+ while (++index < length && callback(array[index], index, array)) {
+ n++;
+ }
+ } else {
+ n = callback;
+ if (n == null || thisArg) {
+ return array ? array[0] : undefined;
+ }
+ }
+ return slice(array, 0, nativeMin(nativeMax(0, n), length));
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Flattens a nested array (the nesting can be to any depth). If `isShallow`
+ * is truey, the array will only be flattened a single level. If a callback
+ * is provided each element of the array is passed through the callback before
+ * flattening. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+ * arguments; (value, index, array).
+ *
+ * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
+ * @param {boolean} [isShallow=false] A flag to restrict flattening to a single level.
+ * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
+ * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
+ * to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new flattened array.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]]);
+ * // => [1, 2, 3, 4];
+ *
+ * _.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]], true);
+ * // => [1, 2, 3, [[4]]];
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'curly', 'quotes': ['Oh, a wise guy, eh?', 'Poifect!'] },
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'quotes': ['Spread out!', 'You knucklehead!'] }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.flatten(stooges, 'quotes');
+ * // => ['Oh, a wise guy, eh?', 'Poifect!', 'Spread out!', 'You knucklehead!']
+ */
+ function flatten(array, isShallow, callback, thisArg) {
+ // juggle arguments
+ if (typeof isShallow != 'boolean' && isShallow != null) {
+ thisArg = callback;
+ callback = !(thisArg && thisArg[isShallow] === array) ? isShallow : null;
+ isShallow = false;
+ }
+ if (callback != null) {
+ array = map(array, callback, thisArg);
+ }
+ return baseFlatten(array, isShallow);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `value` is found using
+ * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If the array is already sorted
+ * providing `true` for `fromIndex` will run a faster binary search.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+ * @param {*} value The value to search for.
+ * @param {boolean|number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from or `true`
+ * to perform a binary search on a sorted array.
+ * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.indexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2);
+ * // => 1
+ *
+ * _.indexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2, 3);
+ * // => 4
+ *
+ * _.indexOf([1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3], 2, true);
+ * // => 2
+ */
+ function indexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
+ if (typeof fromIndex == 'number') {
+ var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+ fromIndex = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(0, length + fromIndex) : fromIndex || 0);
+ } else if (fromIndex) {
+ var index = sortedIndex(array, value);
+ return array[index] === value ? index : -1;
+ }
+ return baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Gets all but the last element or last `n` elements of an array. If a
+ * callback is provided elements at the end of the array are excluded from
+ * the result as long as the callback returns truey. The callback is bound
+ * to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index, array).
+ *
+ * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+ * @param {Function|Object|number|string} [callback=1] The function called
+ * per element or the number of elements to exclude. If a property name or
+ * object is provided it will be used to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where"
+ * style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a slice of `array`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.initial([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => [1, 2]
+ *
+ * _.initial([1, 2, 3], 2);
+ * // => [1]
+ *
+ * _.initial([1, 2, 3], function(num) {
+ * return num > 1;
+ * });
+ * // => [1]
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false },
+ * { 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.initial(food, 'organic');
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false }]
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'beet', 'type': 'vegetable' },
+ * { 'name': 'carrot', 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+ * _.initial(food, { 'type': 'vegetable' });
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' }]
+ */
+ function initial(array, callback, thisArg) {
+ var n = 0,
+ length = array ? array.length : 0;
+
+ if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {
+ var index = length;
+ callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+ while (index-- && callback(array[index], index, array)) {
+ n++;
+ }
+ } else {
+ n = (callback == null || thisArg) ? 1 : callback || n;
+ }
+ return slice(array, 0, nativeMin(nativeMax(0, length - n), length));
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array of unique values present in all provided arrays using
+ * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {...Array} [array] The arrays to inspect.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns an array of composite values.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.intersection([1, 2, 3], [101, 2, 1, 10], [2, 1]);
+ * // => [1, 2]
+ */
+ function intersection(array) {
+ var args = arguments,
+ argsLength = args.length,
+ argsIndex = -1,
+ caches = getArray(),
+ index = -1,
+ indexOf = getIndexOf(),
+ length = array ? array.length : 0,
+ result = [],
+ seen = getArray();
+
+ while (++argsIndex < argsLength) {
+ var value = args[argsIndex];
+ caches[argsIndex] = indexOf === baseIndexOf &&
+ (value ? value.length : 0) >= largeArraySize &&
+ createCache(argsIndex ? args[argsIndex] : seen);
+ }
+ outer:
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var cache = caches[0];
+ value = array[index];
+
+ if ((cache ? cacheIndexOf(cache, value) : indexOf(seen, value)) < 0) {
+ argsIndex = argsLength;
+ (cache || seen).push(value);
+ while (--argsIndex) {
+ cache = caches[argsIndex];
+ if ((cache ? cacheIndexOf(cache, value) : indexOf(args[argsIndex], value)) < 0) {
+ continue outer;
+ }
+ }
+ result.push(value);
+ }
+ }
+ while (argsLength--) {
+ cache = caches[argsLength];
+ if (cache) {
+ releaseObject(cache);
+ }
+ }
+ releaseArray(caches);
+ releaseArray(seen);
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Gets the last element or last `n` elements of an array. If a callback is
+ * provided elements at the end of the array are returned as long as the
+ * callback returns truey. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
+ * with three arguments; (value, index, array).
+ *
+ * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+ * @param {Function|Object|number|string} [callback] The function called
+ * per element or the number of elements to return. If a property name or
+ * object is provided it will be used to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where"
+ * style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {*} Returns the last element(s) of `array`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.last([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => 3
+ *
+ * _.last([1, 2, 3], 2);
+ * // => [2, 3]
+ *
+ * _.last([1, 2, 3], function(num) {
+ * return num > 1;
+ * });
+ * // => [2, 3]
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false },
+ * { 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.last(food, 'organic');
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true }]
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'beet', 'type': 'vegetable' },
+ * { 'name': 'carrot', 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+ * _.last(food, { 'type': 'vegetable' });
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'beet', 'type': 'vegetable' }, { 'name': 'carrot', 'type': 'vegetable' }]
+ */
+ function last(array, callback, thisArg) {
+ var n = 0,
+ length = array ? array.length : 0;
+
+ if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {
+ var index = length;
+ callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+ while (index-- && callback(array[index], index, array)) {
+ n++;
+ }
+ } else {
+ n = callback;
+ if (n == null || thisArg) {
+ return array ? array[length - 1] : undefined;
+ }
+ }
+ return slice(array, nativeMax(0, length - n));
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Gets the index at which the last occurrence of `value` is found using strict
+ * equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If `fromIndex` is negative, it is used
+ * as the offset from the end of the collection.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+ * @param {*} value The value to search for.
+ * @param {number} [fromIndex=array.length-1] The index to search from.
+ * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2);
+ * // => 4
+ *
+ * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2, 3);
+ * // => 1
+ */
+ function lastIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
+ var index = array ? array.length : 0;
+ if (typeof fromIndex == 'number') {
+ index = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(0, index + fromIndex) : nativeMin(fromIndex, index - 1)) + 1;
+ }
+ while (index--) {
+ if (array[index] === value) {
+ return index;
+ }
+ }
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Removes all provided values from the given array using strict equality for
+ * comparisons, i.e. `===`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
+ * @param {...*} [value] The values to remove.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var array = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3];
+ * _.pull(array, 2, 3);
+ * console.log(array);
+ * // => [1, 1]
+ */
+ function pull(array) {
+ var args = arguments,
+ argsIndex = 0,
+ argsLength = args.length,
+ length = array ? array.length : 0;
+
+ while (++argsIndex < argsLength) {
+ var index = -1,
+ value = args[argsIndex];
+ while (++index < length) {
+ if (array[index] === value) {
+ splice.call(array, index--, 1);
+ length--;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ return array;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array of numbers (positive and/or negative) progressing from
+ * `start` up to but not including `end`. If `start` is less than `stop` a
+ * zero-length range is created unless a negative `step` is specified.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {number} [start=0] The start of the range.
+ * @param {number} end The end of the range.
+ * @param {number} [step=1] The value to increment or decrement by.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new range array.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.range(10);
+ * // => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
+ *
+ * _.range(1, 11);
+ * // => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
+ *
+ * _.range(0, 30, 5);
+ * // => [0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25]
+ *
+ * _.range(0, -10, -1);
+ * // => [0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9]
+ *
+ * _.range(1, 4, 0);
+ * // => [1, 1, 1]
+ *
+ * _.range(0);
+ * // => []
+ */
+ function range(start, end, step) {
+ start = +start || 0;
+ step = typeof step == 'number' ? step : (+step || 1);
+
+ if (end == null) {
+ end = start;
+ start = 0;
+ }
+ // use `Array(length)` so engines, like Chakra and V8, avoid slower modes
+ // http://youtu.be/XAqIpGU8ZZk#t=17m25s
+ var index = -1,
+ length = nativeMax(0, ceil((end - start) / (step || 1))),
+ result = Array(length);
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ result[index] = start;
+ start += step;
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Removes all elements from an array that the callback returns truey for
+ * and returns an array of removed elements. The callback is bound to `thisArg`
+ * and invoked with three arguments; (value, index, array).
+ *
+ * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
+ * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
+ * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
+ * to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of removed elements.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
+ * var evens = _.remove(array, function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
+ *
+ * console.log(array);
+ * // => [1, 3, 5]
+ *
+ * console.log(evens);
+ * // => [2, 4, 6]
+ */
+ function remove(array, callback, thisArg) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = array ? array.length : 0,
+ result = [];
+
+ callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = array[index];
+ if (callback(value, index, array)) {
+ result.push(value);
+ splice.call(array, index--, 1);
+ length--;
+ }
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * The opposite of `_.initial` this method gets all but the first element or
+ * first `n` elements of an array. If a callback function is provided elements
+ * at the beginning of the array are excluded from the result as long as the
+ * callback returns truey. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
+ * with three arguments; (value, index, array).
+ *
+ * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias drop, tail
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+ * @param {Function|Object|number|string} [callback=1] The function called
+ * per element or the number of elements to exclude. If a property name or
+ * object is provided it will be used to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where"
+ * style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a slice of `array`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.rest([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => [2, 3]
+ *
+ * _.rest([1, 2, 3], 2);
+ * // => [3]
+ *
+ * _.rest([1, 2, 3], function(num) {
+ * return num < 3;
+ * });
+ * // => [3]
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true },
+ * { 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false },
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.rest(food, 'organic');
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false }]
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'apple', 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'beet', 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+ * _.rest(food, { 'type': 'fruit' });
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'beet', 'type': 'vegetable' }]
+ */
+ function rest(array, callback, thisArg) {
+ if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {
+ var n = 0,
+ index = -1,
+ length = array ? array.length : 0;
+
+ callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+ while (++index < length && callback(array[index], index, array)) {
+ n++;
+ }
+ } else {
+ n = (callback == null || thisArg) ? 1 : nativeMax(0, callback);
+ }
+ return slice(array, n);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Uses a binary search to determine the smallest index at which a value
+ * should be inserted into a given sorted array in order to maintain the sort
+ * order of the array. If a callback is provided it will be executed for
+ * `value` and each element of `array` to compute their sort ranking. The
+ * callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with one argument; (value).
+ *
+ * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
+ * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
+ * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
+ * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
+ * to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted
+ * into `array`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.sortedIndex([20, 30, 50], 40);
+ * // => 2
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.sortedIndex([{ 'x': 20 }, { 'x': 30 }, { 'x': 50 }], { 'x': 40 }, 'x');
+ * // => 2
+ *
+ * var dict = {
+ * 'wordToNumber': { 'twenty': 20, 'thirty': 30, 'fourty': 40, 'fifty': 50 }
+ * };
+ *
+ * _.sortedIndex(['twenty', 'thirty', 'fifty'], 'fourty', function(word) {
+ * return dict.wordToNumber[word];
+ * });
+ * // => 2
+ *
+ * _.sortedIndex(['twenty', 'thirty', 'fifty'], 'fourty', function(word) {
+ * return this.wordToNumber[word];
+ * }, dict);
+ * // => 2
+ */
+ function sortedIndex(array, value, callback, thisArg) {
+ var low = 0,
+ high = array ? array.length : low;
+
+ // explicitly reference `identity` for better inlining in Firefox
+ callback = callback ? lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 1) : identity;
+ value = callback(value);
+
+ while (low < high) {
+ var mid = (low + high) >>> 1;
+ (callback(array[mid]) < value)
+ ? low = mid + 1
+ : high = mid;
+ }
+ return low;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array of unique values, in order, of the provided arrays using
+ * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {...Array} [array] The arrays to inspect.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns an array of composite values.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.union([1, 2, 3], [101, 2, 1, 10], [2, 1]);
+ * // => [1, 2, 3, 101, 10]
+ */
+ function union(array) {
+ return baseUniq(baseFlatten(arguments, true, true));
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a duplicate-value-free version of an array using strict equality
+ * for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If the array is sorted, providing
+ * `true` for `isSorted` will use a faster algorithm. If a callback is provided
+ * each element of `array` is passed through the callback before uniqueness
+ * is computed. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+ * arguments; (value, index, array).
+ *
+ * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias unique
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to process.
+ * @param {boolean} [isSorted=false] A flag to indicate that `array` is sorted.
+ * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
+ * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
+ * to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a duplicate-value-free array.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.uniq([1, 2, 1, 3, 1]);
+ * // => [1, 2, 3]
+ *
+ * _.uniq([1, 1, 2, 2, 3], true);
+ * // => [1, 2, 3]
+ *
+ * _.uniq(['A', 'b', 'C', 'a', 'B', 'c'], function(letter) { return letter.toLowerCase(); });
+ * // => ['A', 'b', 'C']
+ *
+ * _.uniq([1, 2.5, 3, 1.5, 2, 3.5], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
+ * // => [1, 2.5, 3]
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.uniq([{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], 'x');
+ * // => [{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }]
+ */
+ function uniq(array, isSorted, callback, thisArg) {
+ // juggle arguments
+ if (typeof isSorted != 'boolean' && isSorted != null) {
+ thisArg = callback;
+ callback = !(thisArg && thisArg[isSorted] === array) ? isSorted : null;
+ isSorted = false;
+ }
+ if (callback != null) {
+ callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
+ }
+ return baseUniq(array, isSorted, callback);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array excluding all provided values using strict equality for
+ * comparisons, i.e. `===`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to filter.
+ * @param {...*} [value] The values to exclude.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of filtered values.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.without([1, 2, 1, 0, 3, 1, 4], 0, 1);
+ * // => [2, 3, 4]
+ */
+ function without(array) {
+ return difference(array, nativeSlice.call(arguments, 1));
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array of grouped elements, the first of which contains the first
+ * elements of the given arrays, the second of which contains the second
+ * elements of the given arrays, and so on.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias unzip
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {...Array} [array] Arrays to process.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of grouped elements.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.zip(['moe', 'larry'], [30, 40], [true, false]);
+ * // => [['moe', 30, true], ['larry', 40, false]]
+ */
+ function zip() {
+ var array = arguments.length > 1 ? arguments : arguments[0],
+ index = -1,
+ length = array ? max(pluck(array, 'length')) : 0,
+ result = Array(length < 0 ? 0 : length);
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ result[index] = pluck(array, index);
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an object composed from arrays of `keys` and `values`. Provide
+ * either a single two dimensional array, i.e. `[[key1, value1], [key2, value2]]`
+ * or two arrays, one of `keys` and one of corresponding `values`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias object
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} keys The array of keys.
+ * @param {Array} [values=[]] The array of values.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns an object composed of the given keys and
+ * corresponding values.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.zipObject(['moe', 'larry'], [30, 40]);
+ * // => { 'moe': 30, 'larry': 40 }
+ */
+ function zipObject(keys, values) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = keys ? keys.length : 0,
+ result = {};
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var key = keys[index];
+ if (values) {
+ result[key] = values[index];
+ } else if (key) {
+ result[key[0]] = key[1];
+ }
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a function that executes `func`, with the `this` binding and
+ * arguments of the created function, only after being called `n` times.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {number} n The number of times the function must be called before
+ * `func` is executed.
+ * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var saves = ['profile', 'settings'];
+ *
+ * var done = _.after(saves.length, function() {
+ * console.log('Done saving!');
+ * });
+ *
+ * _.forEach(saves, function(type) {
+ * asyncSave({ 'type': type, 'complete': done });
+ * });
+ * // => logs 'Done saving!', after all saves have completed
+ */
+ function after(n, func) {
+ if (!isFunction(func)) {
+ throw new TypeError;
+ }
+ return function() {
+ if (--n < 1) {
+ return func.apply(this, arguments);
+ }
+ };
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a function that, when called, invokes `func` with the `this`
+ * binding of `thisArg` and prepends any additional `bind` arguments to those
+ * provided to the bound function.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {Function} func The function to bind.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
+ * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to be partially applied.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var func = function(greeting) {
+ * return greeting + ' ' + this.name;
+ * };
+ *
+ * func = _.bind(func, { 'name': 'moe' }, 'hi');
+ * func();
+ * // => 'hi moe'
+ */
+ function bind(func, thisArg) {
+ return arguments.length > 2
+ ? createBound(func, 17, nativeSlice.call(arguments, 2), null, thisArg)
+ : createBound(func, 1, null, null, thisArg);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Binds methods of an object to the object itself, overwriting the existing
+ * method. Method names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays
+ * of method names. If no method names are provided all the function properties
+ * of `object` will be bound.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {Object} object The object to bind and assign the bound methods to.
+ * @param {...string} [methodName] The object method names to
+ * bind, specified as individual method names or arrays of method names.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var view = {
+ * 'label': 'docs',
+ * 'onClick': function() { console.log('clicked ' + this.label); }
+ * };
+ *
+ * _.bindAll(view);
+ * jQuery('#docs').on('click', view.onClick);
+ * // => logs 'clicked docs', when the button is clicked
+ */
+ function bindAll(object) {
+ var funcs = arguments.length > 1 ? baseFlatten(arguments, true, false, 1) : functions(object),
+ index = -1,
+ length = funcs.length;
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var key = funcs[index];
+ object[key] = createBound(object[key], 1, null, null, object);
+ }
+ return object;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a function that, when called, invokes the method at `object[key]`
+ * and prepends any additional `bindKey` arguments to those provided to the bound
+ * function. This method differs from `_.bind` by allowing bound functions to
+ * reference methods that will be redefined or don't yet exist.
+ * See http://michaux.ca/articles/lazy-function-definition-pattern.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {Object} object The object the method belongs to.
+ * @param {string} key The key of the method.
+ * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to be partially applied.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var object = {
+ * 'name': 'moe',
+ * 'greet': function(greeting) {
+ * return greeting + ' ' + this.name;
+ * }
+ * };
+ *
+ * var func = _.bindKey(object, 'greet', 'hi');
+ * func();
+ * // => 'hi moe'
+ *
+ * object.greet = function(greeting) {
+ * return greeting + ', ' + this.name + '!';
+ * };
+ *
+ * func();
+ * // => 'hi, moe!'
+ */
+ function bindKey(object, key) {
+ return arguments.length > 2
+ ? createBound(key, 19, nativeSlice.call(arguments, 2), null, object)
+ : createBound(key, 3, null, null, object);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a function that is the composition of the provided functions,
+ * where each function consumes the return value of the function that follows.
+ * For example, composing the functions `f()`, `g()`, and `h()` produces `f(g(h()))`.
+ * Each function is executed with the `this` binding of the composed function.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {...Function} [func] Functions to compose.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new composed function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var realNameMap = {
+ * 'curly': 'jerome'
+ * };
+ *
+ * var format = function(name) {
+ * name = realNameMap[name.toLowerCase()] || name;
+ * return name.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + name.slice(1).toLowerCase();
+ * };
+ *
+ * var greet = function(formatted) {
+ * return 'Hiya ' + formatted + '!';
+ * };
+ *
+ * var welcome = _.compose(greet, format);
+ * welcome('curly');
+ * // => 'Hiya Jerome!'
+ */
+ function compose() {
+ var funcs = arguments,
+ length = funcs.length;
+
+ while (length--) {
+ if (!isFunction(funcs[length])) {
+ throw new TypeError;
+ }
+ }
+ return function() {
+ var args = arguments,
+ length = funcs.length;
+
+ while (length--) {
+ args = [funcs[length].apply(this, args)];
+ }
+ return args[0];
+ };
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Produces a callback bound to an optional `thisArg`. If `func` is a property
+ * name the created callback will return the property value for a given element.
+ * If `func` is an object the created callback will return `true` for elements
+ * that contain the equivalent object properties, otherwise it will return `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {*} [func=identity] The value to convert to a callback.
+ * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of the created callback.
+ * @param {number} [argCount] The number of arguments the callback accepts.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns a callback function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+ * { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // wrap to create custom callback shorthands
+ * _.createCallback = _.wrap(_.createCallback, function(func, callback, thisArg) {
+ * var match = /^(.+?)__([gl]t)(.+)$/.exec(callback);
+ * return !match ? func(callback, thisArg) : function(object) {
+ * return match[2] == 'gt' ? object[match[1]] > match[3] : object[match[1]] < match[3];
+ * };
+ * });
+ *
+ * _.filter(stooges, 'age__gt45');
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }]
+ */
+ function createCallback(func, thisArg, argCount) {
+ var type = typeof func;
+ if (func == null || type == 'function') {
+ return baseCreateCallback(func, thisArg, argCount);
+ }
+ // handle "_.pluck" style callback shorthands
+ if (type != 'object') {
+ return function(object) {
+ return object[func];
+ };
+ }
+ var props = keys(func),
+ key = props[0],
+ a = func[key];
+
+ // handle "_.where" style callback shorthands
+ if (props.length == 1 && a === a && !isObject(a)) {
+ // fast path the common case of providing an object with a single
+ // property containing a primitive value
+ return function(object) {
+ var b = object[key];
+ return a === b && (a !== 0 || (1 / a == 1 / b));
+ };
+ }
+ return function(object) {
+ var length = props.length,
+ result = false;
+
+ while (length--) {
+ if (!(result = baseIsEqual(object[props[length]], func[props[length]], null, true))) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ return result;
+ };
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a function which accepts one or more arguments of `func` that when
+ * invoked either executes `func` returning its result, if all `func` arguments
+ * have been provided, or returns a function that accepts one or more of the
+ * remaining `func` arguments, and so on. The arity of `func` can be specified
+ * if `func.length` is not sufficient.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {Function} func The function to curry.
+ * @param {number} [arity=func.length] The arity of `func`.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new curried function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var curried = _.curry(function(a, b, c) {
+ * console.log(a + b + c);
+ * });
+ *
+ * curried(1)(2)(3);
+ * // => 6
+ *
+ * curried(1, 2)(3);
+ * // => 6
+ *
+ * curried(1, 2, 3);
+ * // => 6
+ */
+ function curry(func, arity) {
+ arity = typeof arity == 'number' ? arity : (+arity || func.length);
+ return createBound(func, 4, null, null, null, arity);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a function that will delay the execution of `func` until after
+ * `wait` milliseconds have elapsed since the last time it was invoked.
+ * Provide an options object to indicate that `func` should be invoked on
+ * the leading and/or trailing edge of the `wait` timeout. Subsequent calls
+ * to the debounced function will return the result of the last `func` call.
+ *
+ * Note: If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true` `func` will be called
+ * on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the the debounced function is
+ * invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {Function} func The function to debounce.
+ * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay.
+ * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.leading=false] Specify execution on the leading edge of the timeout.
+ * @param {number} [options.maxWait] The maximum time `func` is allowed to be delayed before it's called.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true] Specify execution on the trailing edge of the timeout.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new debounced function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * // avoid costly calculations while the window size is in flux
+ * var lazyLayout = _.debounce(calculateLayout, 150);
+ * jQuery(window).on('resize', lazyLayout);
+ *
+ * // execute `sendMail` when the click event is fired, debouncing subsequent calls
+ * jQuery('#postbox').on('click', _.debounce(sendMail, 300, {
+ * 'leading': true,
+ * 'trailing': false
+ * });
+ *
+ * // ensure `batchLog` is executed once after 1 second of debounced calls
+ * var source = new EventSource('/stream');
+ * source.addEventListener('message', _.debounce(batchLog, 250, {
+ * 'maxWait': 1000
+ * }, false);
+ */
+ function debounce(func, wait, options) {
+ var args,
+ maxTimeoutId,
+ result,
+ stamp,
+ thisArg,
+ timeoutId,
+ trailingCall,
+ lastCalled = 0,
+ maxWait = false,
+ trailing = true;
+
+ if (!isFunction(func)) {
+ throw new TypeError;
+ }
+ wait = nativeMax(0, wait) || 0;
+ if (options === true) {
+ var leading = true;
+ trailing = false;
+ } else if (isObject(options)) {
+ leading = options.leading;
+ maxWait = 'maxWait' in options && (nativeMax(wait, options.maxWait) || 0);
+ trailing = 'trailing' in options ? options.trailing : trailing;
+ }
+ var delayed = function() {
+ var remaining = wait - (now() - stamp);
+ if (remaining <= 0) {
+ if (maxTimeoutId) {
+ clearTimeout(maxTimeoutId);
+ }
+ var isCalled = trailingCall;
+ maxTimeoutId = timeoutId = trailingCall = undefined;
+ if (isCalled) {
+ lastCalled = now();
+ result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
+ }
+ } else {
+ timeoutId = setTimeout(delayed, remaining);
+ }
+ };
+
+ var maxDelayed = function() {
+ if (timeoutId) {
+ clearTimeout(timeoutId);
+ }
+ maxTimeoutId = timeoutId = trailingCall = undefined;
+ if (trailing || (maxWait !== wait)) {
+ lastCalled = now();
+ result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
+ }
+ };
+
+ return function() {
+ args = arguments;
+ stamp = now();
+ thisArg = this;
+ trailingCall = trailing && (timeoutId || !leading);
+
+ if (maxWait === false) {
+ var leadingCall = leading && !timeoutId;
+ } else {
+ if (!maxTimeoutId && !leading) {
+ lastCalled = stamp;
+ }
+ var remaining = maxWait - (stamp - lastCalled);
+ if (remaining <= 0) {
+ if (maxTimeoutId) {
+ maxTimeoutId = clearTimeout(maxTimeoutId);
+ }
+ lastCalled = stamp;
+ result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
+ }
+ else if (!maxTimeoutId) {
+ maxTimeoutId = setTimeout(maxDelayed, remaining);
+ }
+ }
+ if (!timeoutId && wait !== maxWait) {
+ timeoutId = setTimeout(delayed, wait);
+ }
+ if (leadingCall) {
+ result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
+ }
+ return result;
+ };
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Defers executing the `func` function until the current call stack has cleared.
+ * Additional arguments will be provided to `func` when it is invoked.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {Function} func The function to defer.
+ * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to invoke the function with.
+ * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.defer(function() { console.log('deferred'); });
+ * // returns from the function before 'deferred' is logged
+ */
+ function defer(func) {
+ if (!isFunction(func)) {
+ throw new TypeError;
+ }
+ var args = nativeSlice.call(arguments, 1);
+ return setTimeout(function() { func.apply(undefined, args); }, 1);
+ }
+ // use `setImmediate` if available in Node.js
+ if (isV8 && moduleExports && typeof setImmediate == 'function') {
+ defer = function(func) {
+ if (!isFunction(func)) {
+ throw new TypeError;
+ }
+ return setImmediate.apply(context, arguments);
+ };
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Executes the `func` function after `wait` milliseconds. Additional arguments
+ * will be provided to `func` when it is invoked.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {Function} func The function to delay.
+ * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay execution.
+ * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to invoke the function with.
+ * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var log = _.bind(console.log, console);
+ * _.delay(log, 1000, 'logged later');
+ * // => 'logged later' (Appears after one second.)
+ */
+ function delay(func, wait) {
+ if (!isFunction(func)) {
+ throw new TypeError;
+ }
+ var args = nativeSlice.call(arguments, 2);
+ return setTimeout(function() { func.apply(undefined, args); }, wait);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a function that memoizes the result of `func`. If `resolver` is
+ * provided it will be used to determine the cache key for storing the result
+ * based on the arguments provided to the memoized function. By default, the
+ * first argument provided to the memoized function is used as the cache key.
+ * The `func` is executed with the `this` binding of the memoized function.
+ * The result cache is exposed as the `cache` property on the memoized function.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {Function} func The function to have its output memoized.
+ * @param {Function} [resolver] A function used to resolve the cache key.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new memoizing function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var fibonacci = _.memoize(function(n) {
+ * return n < 2 ? n : fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);
+ * });
+ *
+ * var data = {
+ * 'moe': { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+ * 'curly': { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 60 }
+ * };
+ *
+ * // modifying the result cache
+ * var stooge = _.memoize(function(name) { return data[name]; }, _.identity);
+ * stooge('curly');
+ * // => { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 60 }
+ *
+ * stooge.cache.curly.name = 'jerome';
+ * stooge('curly');
+ * // => { 'name': 'jerome', 'age': 60 }
+ */
+ function memoize(func, resolver) {
+ if (!isFunction(func)) {
+ throw new TypeError;
+ }
+ var memoized = function() {
+ var cache = memoized.cache,
+ key = resolver ? resolver.apply(this, arguments) : keyPrefix + arguments[0];
+
+ return hasOwnProperty.call(cache, key)
+ ? cache[key]
+ : (cache[key] = func.apply(this, arguments));
+ }
+ memoized.cache = {};
+ return memoized;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a function that is restricted to execute `func` once. Repeat calls to
+ * the function will return the value of the first call. The `func` is executed
+ * with the `this` binding of the created function.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var initialize = _.once(createApplication);
+ * initialize();
+ * initialize();
+ * // `initialize` executes `createApplication` once
+ */
+ function once(func) {
+ var ran,
+ result;
+
+ if (!isFunction(func)) {
+ throw new TypeError;
+ }
+ return function() {
+ if (ran) {
+ return result;
+ }
+ ran = true;
+ result = func.apply(this, arguments);
+
+ // clear the `func` variable so the function may be garbage collected
+ func = null;
+ return result;
+ };
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a function that, when called, invokes `func` with any additional
+ * `partial` arguments prepended to those provided to the new function. This
+ * method is similar to `_.bind` except it does **not** alter the `this` binding.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.
+ * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to be partially applied.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new partially applied function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var greet = function(greeting, name) { return greeting + ' ' + name; };
+ * var hi = _.partial(greet, 'hi');
+ * hi('moe');
+ * // => 'hi moe'
+ */
+ function partial(func) {
+ return createBound(func, 16, nativeSlice.call(arguments, 1));
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * This method is like `_.partial` except that `partial` arguments are
+ * appended to those provided to the new function.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.
+ * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to be partially applied.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new partially applied function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var defaultsDeep = _.partialRight(_.merge, _.defaults);
+ *
+ * var options = {
+ * 'variable': 'data',
+ * 'imports': { 'jq': $ }
+ * };
+ *
+ * defaultsDeep(options, _.templateSettings);
+ *
+ * options.variable
+ * // => 'data'
+ *
+ * options.imports
+ * // => { '_': _, 'jq': $ }
+ */
+ function partialRight(func) {
+ return createBound(func, 32, null, nativeSlice.call(arguments, 1));
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a function that, when executed, will only call the `func` function
+ * at most once per every `wait` milliseconds. Provide an options object to
+ * indicate that `func` should be invoked on the leading and/or trailing edge
+ * of the `wait` timeout. Subsequent calls to the throttled function will
+ * return the result of the last `func` call.
+ *
+ * Note: If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true` `func` will be called
+ * on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the the throttled function is
+ * invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {Function} func The function to throttle.
+ * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to throttle executions to.
+ * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.leading=true] Specify execution on the leading edge of the timeout.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true] Specify execution on the trailing edge of the timeout.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new throttled function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * // avoid excessively updating the position while scrolling
+ * var throttled = _.throttle(updatePosition, 100);
+ * jQuery(window).on('scroll', throttled);
+ *
+ * // execute `renewToken` when the click event is fired, but not more than once every 5 minutes
+ * jQuery('.interactive').on('click', _.throttle(renewToken, 300000, {
+ * 'trailing': false
+ * }));
+ */
+ function throttle(func, wait, options) {
+ var leading = true,
+ trailing = true;
+
+ if (!isFunction(func)) {
+ throw new TypeError;
+ }
+ if (options === false) {
+ leading = false;
+ } else if (isObject(options)) {
+ leading = 'leading' in options ? options.leading : leading;
+ trailing = 'trailing' in options ? options.trailing : trailing;
+ }
+ debounceOptions.leading = leading;
+ debounceOptions.maxWait = wait;
+ debounceOptions.trailing = trailing;
+
+ var result = debounce(func, wait, debounceOptions);
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a function that provides `value` to the wrapper function as its
+ * first argument. Additional arguments provided to the function are appended
+ * to those provided to the wrapper function. The wrapper is executed with
+ * the `this` binding of the created function.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
+ * @param {Function} wrapper The wrapper function.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var hello = function(name) { return 'hello ' + name; };
+ * hello = _.wrap(hello, function(func) {
+ * return 'before, ' + func('moe') + ', after';
+ * });
+ * hello();
+ * // => 'before, hello moe, after'
+ */
+ function wrap(value, wrapper) {
+ if (!isFunction(wrapper)) {
+ throw new TypeError;
+ }
+ return function() {
+ var args = [value];
+ push.apply(args, arguments);
+ return wrapper.apply(this, args);
+ };
+ }
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * Converts the characters `&`, `<`, `>`, `"`, and `'` in `string` to their
+ * corresponding HTML entities.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Utilities
+ * @param {string} string The string to escape.
+ * @returns {string} Returns the escaped string.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.escape('Moe, Larry & Curly');
+ * // => 'Moe, Larry & Curly'
+ */
+ function escape(string) {
+ return string == null ? '' : String(string).replace(reUnescapedHtml, escapeHtmlChar);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * This method returns the first argument provided to it.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Utilities
+ * @param {*} value Any value.
+ * @returns {*} Returns `value`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var moe = { 'name': 'moe' };
+ * moe === _.identity(moe);
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function identity(value) {
+ return value;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Adds function properties of a source object to the `lodash` function and
+ * chainable wrapper.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Utilities
+ * @param {Object} object The object of function properties to add to `lodash`.
+ * @param {Object} object The object of function properties to add to `lodash`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.mixin({
+ * 'capitalize': function(string) {
+ * return string.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + string.slice(1).toLowerCase();
+ * }
+ * });
+ *
+ * _.capitalize('moe');
+ * // => 'Moe'
+ *
+ * _('moe').capitalize();
+ * // => 'Moe'
+ */
+ function mixin(object, source) {
+ var ctor = object,
+ isFunc = !source || isFunction(ctor);
+
+ if (!source) {
+ ctor = lodashWrapper;
+ source = object;
+ object = lodash;
+ }
+ forEach(functions(source), function(methodName) {
+ var func = object[methodName] = source[methodName];
+ if (isFunc) {
+ ctor.prototype[methodName] = function() {
+ var value = this.__wrapped__,
+ args = [value];
+
+ push.apply(args, arguments);
+ var result = func.apply(object, args);
+ if (value && typeof value == 'object' && value === result) {
+ return this;
+ }
+ result = new ctor(result);
+ result.__chain__ = this.__chain__;
+ return result;
+ };
+ }
+ });
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Reverts the '_' variable to its previous value and returns a reference to
+ * the `lodash` function.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Utilities
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the `lodash` function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var lodash = _.noConflict();
+ */
+ function noConflict() {
+ context._ = oldDash;
+ return this;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Converts the given value into an integer of the specified radix.
+ * If `radix` is `undefined` or `0` a `radix` of `10` is used unless the
+ * `value` is a hexadecimal, in which case a `radix` of `16` is used.
+ *
+ * Note: This method avoids differences in native ES3 and ES5 `parseInt`
+ * implementations. See http://es5.github.io/#E.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Utilities
+ * @param {string} value The value to parse.
+ * @param {number} [radix] The radix used to interpret the value to parse.
+ * @returns {number} Returns the new integer value.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.parseInt('08');
+ * // => 8
+ */
+ var parseInt = nativeParseInt(whitespace + '08') == 8 ? nativeParseInt : function(value, radix) {
+ // Firefox and Opera still follow the ES3 specified implementation of `parseInt`
+ return nativeParseInt(isString(value) ? value.replace(reLeadingSpacesAndZeros, '') : value, radix || 0);
+ };
+
+ /**
+ * Produces a random number between `min` and `max` (inclusive). If only one
+ * argument is provided a number between `0` and the given number will be
+ * returned. If `floating` is truey or either `min` or `max` are floats a
+ * floating-point number will be returned instead of an integer.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Utilities
+ * @param {number} [min=0] The minimum possible value.
+ * @param {number} [max=1] The maximum possible value.
+ * @param {boolean} [floating=false] Specify returning a floating-point number.
+ * @returns {number} Returns a random number.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.random(0, 5);
+ * // => an integer between 0 and 5
+ *
+ * _.random(5);
+ * // => also an integer between 0 and 5
+ *
+ * _.random(5, true);
+ * // => a floating-point number between 0 and 5
+ *
+ * _.random(1.2, 5.2);
+ * // => a floating-point number between 1.2 and 5.2
+ */
+ function random(min, max, floating) {
+ var noMin = min == null,
+ noMax = max == null;
+
+ if (floating == null) {
+ if (typeof min == 'boolean' && noMax) {
+ floating = min;
+ min = 1;
+ }
+ else if (!noMax && typeof max == 'boolean') {
+ floating = max;
+ noMax = true;
+ }
+ }
+ if (noMin && noMax) {
+ max = 1;
+ }
+ min = +min || 0;
+ if (noMax) {
+ max = min;
+ min = 0;
+ } else {
+ max = +max || 0;
+ }
+ var rand = nativeRandom();
+ return (floating || min % 1 || max % 1)
+ ? nativeMin(min + (rand * (max - min + parseFloat('1e-' + ((rand +'').length - 1)))), max)
+ : min + floor(rand * (max - min + 1));
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Resolves the value of `property` on `object`. If `property` is a function
+ * it will be invoked with the `this` binding of `object` and its result returned,
+ * else the property value is returned. If `object` is falsey then `undefined`
+ * is returned.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Utilities
+ * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+ * @param {string} property The property to get the value of.
+ * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var object = {
+ * 'cheese': 'crumpets',
+ * 'stuff': function() {
+ * return 'nonsense';
+ * }
+ * };
+ *
+ * _.result(object, 'cheese');
+ * // => 'crumpets'
+ *
+ * _.result(object, 'stuff');
+ * // => 'nonsense'
+ */
+ function result(object, property) {
+ if (object) {
+ var value = object[property];
+ return isFunction(value) ? object[property]() : value;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * A micro-templating method that handles arbitrary delimiters, preserves
+ * whitespace, and correctly escapes quotes within interpolated code.
+ *
+ * Note: In the development build, `_.template` utilizes sourceURLs for easier
+ * debugging. See http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/developertools/sourcemaps/#toc-sourceurl
+ *
+ * For more information on precompiling templates see:
+ * http://lodash.com/#custom-builds
+ *
+ * For more information on Chrome extension sandboxes see:
+ * http://developer.chrome.com/stable/extensions/sandboxingEval.html
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Utilities
+ * @param {string} text The template text.
+ * @param {Object} data The data object used to populate the text.
+ * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
+ * @param {RegExp} [options.escape] The "escape" delimiter.
+ * @param {RegExp} [options.evaluate] The "evaluate" delimiter.
+ * @param {Object} [options.imports] An object to import into the template as local variables.
+ * @param {RegExp} [options.interpolate] The "interpolate" delimiter.
+ * @param {string} [sourceURL] The sourceURL of the template's compiled source.
+ * @param {string} [variable] The data object variable name.
+ * @returns {Function|string} Returns a compiled function when no `data` object
+ * is given, else it returns the interpolated text.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * // using the "interpolate" delimiter to create a compiled template
+ * var compiled = _.template('hello <%= name %>');
+ * compiled({ 'name': 'moe' });
+ * // => 'hello moe'
+ *
+ * // using the "escape" delimiter to escape HTML in data property values
+ * _.template('<%- value %>', { 'value': '