diff --git a/src/GeekLearning.Storage.Azure/AzureStore.cs b/src/GeekLearning.Storage.Azure/AzureStore.cs
index f1d91ff..fd08c45 100644
--- a/src/GeekLearning.Storage.Azure/AzureStore.cs
+++ b/src/GeekLearning.Storage.Azure/AzureStore.cs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
     using System.Collections.Generic;
     using System.IO;
     using System.Linq;
+    using System.Security.Cryptography;
     using System.Threading.Tasks;
 
     public class AzureStore : IStore
@@ -155,29 +156,53 @@ public async ValueTask<string> ReadAllTextAsync(IPrivateFileReference file)
             return await fileReference.ReadAllTextAsync();
         }
 
-        public async ValueTask<IFileReference> SaveAsync(byte[] data, IPrivateFileReference file, string contentType)
+        public async ValueTask<IFileReference> SaveAsync(byte[] data, IPrivateFileReference file, string contentType, OverwritePolicy overwritePolicy = OverwritePolicy.Always)
         {
             using (var stream = new SyncMemoryStream(data, 0, data.Length))
             {
-                return await this.SaveAsync(stream, file, contentType);
+                return await this.SaveAsync(stream, file, contentType, overwritePolicy);
             }
         }
 
-        public async ValueTask<IFileReference> SaveAsync(Stream data, IPrivateFileReference file, string contentType)
+        public async ValueTask<IFileReference> SaveAsync(Stream data, IPrivateFileReference file, string contentType, OverwritePolicy overwritePolicy = OverwritePolicy.Always)
         {
+            var uploadBlob = true;
             var blockBlob = this.container.Value.GetBlockBlobReference(file.Path);
+            var blobExists = await blockBlob.ExistsAsync();
 
-            if (await blockBlob.ExistsAsync())
+            if (blobExists)
             {
+                if (overwritePolicy == OverwritePolicy.Never)
+                {
+                    throw new Exceptions.FileAlreadyExistsException(this.Name, file.Path);
+                }
+
                 await blockBlob.FetchAttributesAsync();
+
+                if (overwritePolicy == OverwritePolicy.IfContentModified)
+                {
+                    using (var md5 = MD5.Create())
+                    {
+                        data.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+                        var contentMD5 = Convert.ToBase64String(md5.ComputeHash(data));
+                        data.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+                        uploadBlob = (contentMD5 == blockBlob.Properties.ContentMD5);
+                    }
+                }
             }
 
-            await blockBlob.UploadFromStreamAsync(data);
+            if (uploadBlob)
+            {
+                await blockBlob.UploadFromStreamAsync(data);
+            }
 
             var reference = new Internal.AzureFileReference(blockBlob, withMetadata: true);
 
-            reference.Properties.ContentType = contentType;
-            await reference.SavePropertiesAsync();
+            if (reference.Properties.ContentType != contentType)
+            {
+                reference.Properties.ContentType = contentType;
+                await reference.SavePropertiesAsync();
+            }
 
             return reference;
         }
diff --git a/src/GeekLearning.Storage.Azure/Internal/AzureFileProperties.cs b/src/GeekLearning.Storage.Azure/Internal/AzureFileProperties.cs
index 8d02273..013efe1 100644
--- a/src/GeekLearning.Storage.Azure/Internal/AzureFileProperties.cs
+++ b/src/GeekLearning.Storage.Azure/Internal/AzureFileProperties.cs
@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ public string CacheControl
             set { this.cloudBlob.Properties.CacheControl = value; }
         }
 
+        public string ContentMD5 => this.cloudBlob.Properties.ContentMD5;
+
         public IDictionary<string, string> Metadata => this.decodedMetadata;
 
         internal async Task SaveAsync()
diff --git a/src/GeekLearning.Storage.FileSystem/FileSystemStore.cs b/src/GeekLearning.Storage.FileSystem/FileSystemStore.cs
index bf95af1..5d8b5af 100644
--- a/src/GeekLearning.Storage.FileSystem/FileSystemStore.cs
+++ b/src/GeekLearning.Storage.FileSystem/FileSystemStore.cs
@@ -120,28 +120,45 @@ public async ValueTask<string> ReadAllTextAsync(IPrivateFileReference file)
             return await fileReference.ReadAllTextAsync();
         }
 
-        public async ValueTask<IFileReference> SaveAsync(byte[] data, IPrivateFileReference file, string contentType)
+        public async ValueTask<IFileReference> SaveAsync(byte[] data, IPrivateFileReference file, string contentType, OverwritePolicy overwritePolicy = OverwritePolicy.Always)
         {
             using (var stream = new MemoryStream(data, 0, data.Length))
             {
-                return await this.SaveAsync(stream, file, contentType);
+                return await this.SaveAsync(stream, file, contentType, overwritePolicy);
             }
         }
 
-        public async ValueTask<IFileReference> SaveAsync(Stream data, IPrivateFileReference file, string contentType)
+        public async ValueTask<IFileReference> SaveAsync(Stream data, IPrivateFileReference file, string contentType, OverwritePolicy overwritePolicy = OverwritePolicy.Always)
         {
             var fileReference = await this.InternalGetAsync(file, withMetadata: true, checkIfExists: false);
-            this.EnsurePathExists(fileReference.FileSystemPath);
+            var fileExists = File.Exists(fileReference.FileSystemPath);
 
-            using (var fileStream = File.Open(fileReference.FileSystemPath, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write))
+            if (fileExists)
             {
-                await data.CopyToAsync(fileStream);
+                if (overwritePolicy == OverwritePolicy.Never)
+                {
+                    throw new Exceptions.FileAlreadyExistsException(this.Name, file.Path);
+                }
             }
 
             var properties = fileReference.Properties as Internal.FileSystemFileProperties;
+            var hashes = ComputeHashes(data);
+
+            if (!fileExists
+                || overwritePolicy == OverwritePolicy.Always
+                || (overwritePolicy == OverwritePolicy.IfContentModified && properties.ContentMD5 != hashes.ContentMD5))
+            {
+                this.EnsurePathExists(fileReference.FileSystemPath);
+
+                using (var fileStream = File.Open(fileReference.FileSystemPath, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write))
+                {
+                    await data.CopyToAsync(fileStream);
+                }
+            }
 
             properties.ContentType = contentType;
-            properties.ExtendedProperties.ETag = GenerateEtag(fileReference.FileSystemPath);
+            properties.ExtendedProperties.ETag = hashes.ETag;
+            properties.ExtendedProperties.ContentMD5 = hashes.ContentMD5;
 
             await fileReference.SavePropertiesAsync();
 
@@ -198,18 +215,23 @@ private void EnsurePathExists(string path)
             }
         }
 
-        private static string GenerateEtag(string fileSystemPath)
+        private static (string ETag, string ContentMD5) ComputeHashes(Stream stream)
         {
-            var etag = string.Empty;
-            using (var stream = File.Open(fileSystemPath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
+            var eTag = string.Empty;
+            var contentMD5 = string.Empty;
+
+            stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
             using (var md5 = MD5.Create())
             {
+                stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
                 var hash = md5.ComputeHash(stream);
+                stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+                contentMD5 = Convert.ToBase64String(hash);
                 string hex = BitConverter.ToString(hash);
-                etag = hex.Replace("-", "");
+                eTag = $"\"{hex.Replace("-", "")}\"";
             }
 
-            return $"\"{etag}\"";
+            return (eTag, contentMD5);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/GeekLearning.Storage.FileSystem/GeekLearning.Storage.FileSystem.csproj b/src/GeekLearning.Storage.FileSystem/GeekLearning.Storage.FileSystem.csproj
index bae7d7f..283f2c0 100644
--- a/src/GeekLearning.Storage.FileSystem/GeekLearning.Storage.FileSystem.csproj
+++ b/src/GeekLearning.Storage.FileSystem/GeekLearning.Storage.FileSystem.csproj
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.Abstractions" Version="1.1.1" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Options" Version="1.1.2" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.FileSystemGlobbing" Version="1.1.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.ValueTuple" Version="4.3.1" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'net45' ">
diff --git a/src/GeekLearning.Storage.FileSystem/Internal/FileExtendedProperties.cs b/src/GeekLearning.Storage.FileSystem/Internal/FileExtendedProperties.cs
index b644a6f..975429c 100644
--- a/src/GeekLearning.Storage.FileSystem/Internal/FileExtendedProperties.cs
+++ b/src/GeekLearning.Storage.FileSystem/Internal/FileExtendedProperties.cs
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ public FileExtendedProperties()
 
         public string CacheControl { get; set; }
 
+        public string ContentMD5 { get; set; }
+
         public IDictionary<string, string> Metadata { get; set; }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/GeekLearning.Storage.FileSystem/Internal/FileSystemFileProperties.cs b/src/GeekLearning.Storage.FileSystem/Internal/FileSystemFileProperties.cs
index 4f8288a..1d9e89e 100644
--- a/src/GeekLearning.Storage.FileSystem/Internal/FileSystemFileProperties.cs
+++ b/src/GeekLearning.Storage.FileSystem/Internal/FileSystemFileProperties.cs
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ public string CacheControl
             set { this.extendedProperties.CacheControl = value; }
         }
 
+        public string ContentMD5 => this.extendedProperties.ContentMD5;
+
         public IDictionary<string, string> Metadata => this.extendedProperties.Metadata;
 
         internal FileExtendedProperties ExtendedProperties => this.extendedProperties;
diff --git a/src/GeekLearning.Storage/Exceptions/FileAlreadyExistsException.cs b/src/GeekLearning.Storage/Exceptions/FileAlreadyExistsException.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6b0204
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/GeekLearning.Storage/Exceptions/FileAlreadyExistsException.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+namespace GeekLearning.Storage.Exceptions
+{
+    using System;
+
+    public class FileAlreadyExistsException : Exception
+    {
+        public FileAlreadyExistsException(string storeName, string filePath)
+            : base($"The file {filePath} already exists in Store {storeName}.")
+        {
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/GeekLearning.Storage/GeekLearning.Storage.csproj b/src/GeekLearning.Storage/GeekLearning.Storage.csproj
index d8fcbc9..906ec1e 100644
--- a/src/GeekLearning.Storage/GeekLearning.Storage.csproj
+++ b/src/GeekLearning.Storage/GeekLearning.Storage.csproj
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
   <ItemGroup>
     <None Include="ISharedAccessPolicy.cs" />
+    <None Include="OverwritePolicy.cs" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
 </Project>
diff --git a/src/GeekLearning.Storage/IFileProperties.cs b/src/GeekLearning.Storage/IFileProperties.cs
index a786d1b..fd7dea9 100644
--- a/src/GeekLearning.Storage/IFileProperties.cs
+++ b/src/GeekLearning.Storage/IFileProperties.cs
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ public interface IFileProperties
 
         string CacheControl { get; set; }
 
+        string ContentMD5 { get; }
+
         IDictionary<string, string> Metadata { get; }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/GeekLearning.Storage/IStore.cs b/src/GeekLearning.Storage/IStore.cs
index bf21425..f82c7e8 100644
--- a/src/GeekLearning.Storage/IStore.cs
+++ b/src/GeekLearning.Storage/IStore.cs
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ public interface IStore
 
         ValueTask<string> ReadAllTextAsync(IPrivateFileReference file);
 
-        ValueTask<IFileReference> SaveAsync(byte[] data, IPrivateFileReference file, string contentType);
+        ValueTask<IFileReference> SaveAsync(byte[] data, IPrivateFileReference file, string contentType, OverwritePolicy overwritePolicy = OverwritePolicy.Always);
 
-        ValueTask<IFileReference> SaveAsync(Stream data, IPrivateFileReference file, string contentType);
+        ValueTask<IFileReference> SaveAsync(Stream data, IPrivateFileReference file, string contentType, OverwritePolicy overwritePolicy = OverwritePolicy.Always);
 
         ValueTask<string> GetSharedAccessSignatureAsync(ISharedAccessPolicy policy);
     }
diff --git a/src/GeekLearning.Storage/IStoreExtensions.cs b/src/GeekLearning.Storage/IStoreExtensions.cs
index 30f789f..e063ad0 100644
--- a/src/GeekLearning.Storage/IStoreExtensions.cs
+++ b/src/GeekLearning.Storage/IStoreExtensions.cs
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ public static ValueTask<byte[]> ReadAllBytesAsync(this IStore store, string path
         public static ValueTask<string> ReadAllTextAsync(this IStore store, string path)
             => store.ReadAllTextAsync(new Internal.PrivateFileReference(path));
 
-        public static ValueTask<IFileReference> SaveAsync(this IStore store, byte[] data, string path, string contentType)
-            => store.SaveAsync(data, new Internal.PrivateFileReference(path), contentType);
+        public static ValueTask<IFileReference> SaveAsync(this IStore store, byte[] data, string path, string contentType, OverwritePolicy overwritePolicy = OverwritePolicy.Always)
+            => store.SaveAsync(data, new Internal.PrivateFileReference(path), contentType, overwritePolicy);
 
-        public static ValueTask<IFileReference> SaveAsync(this IStore store, Stream data, string path, string contentType)
-            => store.SaveAsync(data, new Internal.PrivateFileReference(path), contentType);
+        public static ValueTask<IFileReference> SaveAsync(this IStore store, Stream data, string path, string contentType, OverwritePolicy overwritePolicy = OverwritePolicy.Always)
+            => store.SaveAsync(data, new Internal.PrivateFileReference(path), contentType, overwritePolicy);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/GeekLearning.Storage/Internal/GenericStoreProxy.cs b/src/GeekLearning.Storage/Internal/GenericStoreProxy.cs
index c8582c0..8d4f4d3 100644
--- a/src/GeekLearning.Storage/Internal/GenericStoreProxy.cs
+++ b/src/GeekLearning.Storage/Internal/GenericStoreProxy.cs
@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ public GenericStoreProxy(IStorageFactory factory, IOptions<TOptions> options)
 
         public ValueTask<Stream> ReadAsync(IPrivateFileReference file) => this.innerStore.ReadAsync(file);
 
-        public ValueTask<IFileReference> SaveAsync(Stream data, IPrivateFileReference file, string contentType) => this.innerStore.SaveAsync(data, file, contentType);
+        public ValueTask<IFileReference> SaveAsync(Stream data, IPrivateFileReference file, string contentType, OverwritePolicy overwritePolicy = OverwritePolicy.Always) => this.innerStore.SaveAsync(data, file, contentType, overwritePolicy);
 
-        public ValueTask<IFileReference> SaveAsync(byte[] data, IPrivateFileReference file, string contentType) => this.innerStore.SaveAsync(data, file, contentType);
+        public ValueTask<IFileReference> SaveAsync(byte[] data, IPrivateFileReference file, string contentType, OverwritePolicy overwritePolicy = OverwritePolicy.Always) => this.innerStore.SaveAsync(data, file, contentType, overwritePolicy);
 
         public ValueTask<string> GetSharedAccessSignatureAsync(ISharedAccessPolicy policy) => this.innerStore.GetSharedAccessSignatureAsync(policy);
     }
diff --git a/src/GeekLearning.Storage/OverwritePolicy.cs b/src/GeekLearning.Storage/OverwritePolicy.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..394c81e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/GeekLearning.Storage/OverwritePolicy.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+namespace GeekLearning.Storage
+{
+    public enum OverwritePolicy
+    {
+        Always = 0,
+        IfContentModified = 1,
+        Never = 2,
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file