diff --git a/change_notes/2023-10-04-a16-0-1-handle-else.md b/change_notes/2023-10-04-a16-0-1-handle-else.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..28aa27edb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/change_notes/2023-10-04-a16-0-1-handle-else.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ * `A16-0-1` - address false positives by permitting #else and #elif within an otherwise valid #if preprocessor conditional.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/cpp/autosar/src/rules/A16-0-1/PreProcessorShallOnlyBeUsedForCertainDirectivesPatterns.ql b/cpp/autosar/src/rules/A16-0-1/PreProcessorShallOnlyBeUsedForCertainDirectivesPatterns.ql
index a8e1e59839..bd731db3e9 100644
--- a/cpp/autosar/src/rules/A16-0-1/PreProcessorShallOnlyBeUsedForCertainDirectivesPatterns.ql
+++ b/cpp/autosar/src/rules/A16-0-1/PreProcessorShallOnlyBeUsedForCertainDirectivesPatterns.ql
@@ -26,13 +26,14 @@ class PermittedDirectiveType extends PreprocessorDirective {
     //permissive listing in case directive types modelled in ql ever expands (example non valid directives)
     this instanceof MacroWrapper or
     this instanceof PreprocessorEndif or
+    this instanceof PreprocessorElse or
     this instanceof Include or
     this instanceof PermittedMacro
   }
 }
 
 pragma[noinline]
-predicate isPreprocFileAndLine(Element pd, string filepath, int startLine) {
+predicate isPreprocFileAndLine(Locatable pd, string filepath, int startLine) {
   pd.getLocation().hasLocationInfo(filepath, startLine, _, _, _)
 }
 
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ predicate isPreprocConditionalRange(
 /**
  * An optimised version of `PreprocessorBranchDirective.getAGuard()`.
  */
-private PreprocessorBranch getAGuard(Element guardedElement) {
+private PreprocessorBranch getAGuard(Locatable guardedElement) {
   exists(string filepath, int ifStartLine, int guardedElementStartLine, int endifStartLine |
     isPreprocConditionalRange(result, filepath, ifStartLine, endifStartLine) and
     isPreprocFileAndLine(guardedElement, filepath, guardedElementStartLine) and
@@ -72,8 +73,11 @@ class MacroWrapper extends PreprocessorIfndef {
 
 class AcceptableWrapper extends PreprocessorBranch {
   AcceptableWrapper() {
-    forall(Element inner | not inner instanceof Comment and this = getAGuard(inner) |
+    forall(Locatable inner | not inner instanceof Comment and this = getAGuard(inner) |
       inner instanceof PermittedDirectiveType
+      or
+      // Ignore elifs, as they will be considered separately
+      inner instanceof PreprocessorElif
     )
   }
 }
diff --git a/cpp/autosar/test/rules/A16-0-1/test.cpp b/cpp/autosar/test/rules/A16-0-1/test.cpp
index b1ee540032..b17d0daf52 100644
--- a/cpp/autosar/test/rules/A16-0-1/test.cpp
+++ b/cpp/autosar/test/rules/A16-0-1/test.cpp
@@ -17,3 +17,9 @@ int g;
 #ifndef TESTHEADER // COMPLIANT
 #include <string>  //COMPLIANT
 #endif             // COMPLIANT
+
+#ifdef MACRO_ENABLED // COMPLIANT
+#include "test1.h"   //COMPLIANT
+#else
+#include "test2.h" //COMPLIANT
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/cpp/autosar/test/rules/A16-0-1/test.h b/cpp/autosar/test/rules/A16-0-1/test.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a37243f616
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cpp/autosar/test/rules/A16-0-1/test.h
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#ifndef _TEST_HEADER_INCLUDE // COMPLIANT - header guard
+#define _TEST_HEADER_INCLUDE // COMPLIANT
+int x;
+#endif // COMPLIANT
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/cpp/autosar/test/rules/A16-0-1/test2.h b/cpp/autosar/test/rules/A16-0-1/test2.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2