docs: add recent primer common patterns links and better heading structures

[khiga8]

This PR adds references to recently created Primer Common pattern pages.
This also updates the markdown docs with a better heading structure, and moves emoji to the end.

# Rule name
## Rule details
## Resources
## Examples
### **Incorrect** code for this rule 👎
### **Correct** code for this rule 👍

[owenniblock]

LGTM!