runtime: always mark span when marking an object

The page sweeper depends on spans being marked if any object in the
span is marked, but currently only greyobject does this.
gcmarknewobject and wbBufFlush1 also mark objects, but neither set
span marks. As a result, if there are live objects on a span, but
they're all marked via allocation or write barriers, then the span
itself won't be marked and the page reclaimer will free the span,
ultimately leading to memory corruption when the memory for those live
allocations gets reused.

Fix this by making gcmarknewobject and wbBufFlush1 also mark pages.

No test because I have no idea how to reliably (or even unreliably)
trigger this.

Fixes #39432.

Performance is a wash or very slightly worse. I benchmarked the
gcmarknewobject and wbBufFlush1 changes independently and both showed
a slight performance improvement, so I'm going to call this noise.

name                                old time/op  new time/op  delta
BiogoIgor                            15.9s ± 2%   15.9s ± 2%    ~     (p=0.758 n=25+25)
BiogoKrishna                         15.7s ± 3%   15.7s ± 3%    ~     (p=0.382 n=21+21)
BleveIndexBatch100                   4.94s ± 3%   5.07s ± 4%  +2.63%  (p=0.000 n=25+25)
CompileTemplate                      204ms ± 1%   205ms ± 1%  +0.43%  (p=0.000 n=21+23)
CompileUnicode                      77.8ms ± 1%  78.1ms ± 1%    ~     (p=0.130 n=23+23)
CompileGoTypes                       731ms ± 1%   733ms ± 1%  +0.30%  (p=0.006 n=22+22)
CompileCompiler                      3.64s ± 2%   3.65s ± 3%    ~     (p=0.179 n=24+25)
CompileSSA                           8.44s ± 1%   8.46s ± 1%  +0.30%  (p=0.003 n=22+23)
CompileFlate                         132ms ± 1%   133ms ± 1%    ~     (p=0.098 n=22+22)
CompileGoParser                      164ms ± 1%   164ms ± 1%  +0.37%  (p=0.000 n=21+23)
CompileReflect                       455ms ± 1%   457ms ± 2%  +0.50%  (p=0.002 n=20+22)
CompileTar                           182ms ± 2%   182ms ± 1%    ~     (p=0.382 n=22+22)
CompileXML                           245ms ± 3%   245ms ± 1%    ~     (p=0.070 n=21+23)
CompileStdCmd                        16.5s ± 2%   16.5s ± 3%    ~     (p=0.486 n=23+23)
FoglemanFauxGLRenderRotateBoat       12.9s ± 1%   13.0s ± 1%  +0.97%  (p=0.000 n=21+24)
FoglemanPathTraceRenderGopherIter1   18.6s ± 1%   18.7s ± 0%    ~     (p=0.083 n=23+24)
GopherLuaKNucleotide                 28.4s ± 1%   29.3s ± 1%  +2.84%  (p=0.000 n=25+25)
MarkdownRenderXHTML                  252ms ± 0%   251ms ± 1%  -0.50%  (p=0.000 n=23+24)
Tile38WithinCircle100kmRequest       516µs ± 2%   516µs ± 2%    ~     (p=0.763 n=24+25)
Tile38IntersectsCircle100kmRequest   689µs ± 2%   689µs ± 2%    ~     (p=0.617 n=24+24)
Tile38KNearestLimit100Request        608µs ± 1%   606µs ± 2%  -0.35%  (p=0.030 n=19+22)
[Geo mean]                           522ms        524ms       +0.41%

https://perf.golang.org/search?q=upload:20200606.4

Change-Id: I8b331f310dbfaba0468035f207467c8403005bf5
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/236817
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Michael Knyszek <mknyszek@google.com>

src/runtime/malloc.go

@@ -976,6 +976,7 @@ func mallocgc(size uintptr, typ *_type, needzero bool) unsafe.Pointer {
 			throw("malloc called with no P")
 		}
 	}
+	var span *mspan
 	var x unsafe.Pointer
 	noscan := typ == nil || typ.ptrdata == 0
 	if size <= maxSmallSize {
@@ -1028,10 +1029,10 @@ func mallocgc(size uintptr, typ *_type, needzero bool) unsafe.Pointer {
 				return x
 			}
 			// Allocate a new maxTinySize block.
-			span := c.alloc[tinySpanClass]
+			span = c.alloc[tinySpanClass]
 			v := nextFreeFast(span)
 			if v == 0 {
-				v, _, shouldhelpgc = c.nextFree(tinySpanClass)
+				v, span, shouldhelpgc = c.nextFree(tinySpanClass)
 			}
 			x = unsafe.Pointer(v)
 			(*[2]uint64)(x)[0] = 0
@@ -1052,7 +1053,7 @@ func mallocgc(size uintptr, typ *_type, needzero bool) unsafe.Pointer {
 			}
 			size = uintptr(class_to_size[sizeclass])
 			spc := makeSpanClass(sizeclass, noscan)
-			span := c.alloc[spc]
+			span = c.alloc[spc]
 			v := nextFreeFast(span)
 			if v == 0 {
 				v, span, shouldhelpgc = c.nextFree(spc)
@@ -1063,15 +1064,14 @@ func mallocgc(size uintptr, typ *_type, needzero bool) unsafe.Pointer {
 			}
 		}
 	} else {
-		var s *mspan
 		shouldhelpgc = true
 		systemstack(func() {
-			s = largeAlloc(size, needzero, noscan)
+			span = largeAlloc(size, needzero, noscan)
 		})
-		s.freeindex = 1
-		s.allocCount = 1
-		x = unsafe.Pointer(s.base())
-		size = s.elemsize
+		span.freeindex = 1
+		span.allocCount = 1
+		x = unsafe.Pointer(span.base())
+		size = span.elemsize
 	}
 
 	var scanSize uintptr
@@ -1112,7 +1112,7 @@ func mallocgc(size uintptr, typ *_type, needzero bool) unsafe.Pointer {
 	// This may be racing with GC so do it atomically if there can be
 	// a race marking the bit.
 	if gcphase != _GCoff {
-		gcmarknewobject(uintptr(x), size, scanSize)
+		gcmarknewobject(span, uintptr(x), size, scanSize)
 	}
 
 	if raceenabled {

src/runtime/mgcmark.go

@@ -1627,11 +1627,21 @@ func gcDumpObject(label string, obj, off uintptr) {
 //
 //go:nowritebarrier
 //go:nosplit
-func gcmarknewobject(obj, size, scanSize uintptr) {
+func gcmarknewobject(span *mspan, obj, size, scanSize uintptr) {
 	if useCheckmark { // The world should be stopped so this should not happen.
 		throw("gcmarknewobject called while doing checkmark")
 	}
-	markBitsForAddr(obj).setMarked()
+
+	// Mark object.
+	objIndex := span.objIndex(obj)
+	span.markBitsForIndex(objIndex).setMarked()
+
+	// Mark span.
+	arena, pageIdx, pageMask := pageIndexOf(span.base())
+	if arena.pageMarks[pageIdx]&pageMask == 0 {
+		atomic.Or8(&arena.pageMarks[pageIdx], pageMask)
+	}
+
 	gcw := &getg().m.p.ptr().gcw
 	gcw.bytesMarked += uint64(size)
 	gcw.scanWork += int64(scanSize)

src/runtime/mwbbuf.go

@@ -296,6 +296,13 @@ func wbBufFlush1(_p_ *p) {
 			continue
 		}
 		mbits.setMarked()
+
+		// Mark span.
+		arena, pageIdx, pageMask := pageIndexOf(span.base())
+		if arena.pageMarks[pageIdx]&pageMask == 0 {
+			atomic.Or8(&arena.pageMarks[pageIdx], pageMask)
+		}
+
 		if span.spanclass.noscan() {
 			gcw.bytesMarked += uint64(span.elemsize)
 			continue