runtime: segmentation violation when debug and using race detector [1.26 backport]

[gopherbot]

@prattmic requested issue #77597 to be considered for backport to the next 1.26 minor release.

@gopherbot please backport to 1.26. This is a regression making it impossible to run binaries build with -race and -N -l (for debuggers)

[gopherbot]

Change https://go.dev/cl/752360 mentions this issue: [release-branch.go1.26] cmd/compile: gate instrumentEnterExit on NoRaceFunc check