lib/fips140: fix ML-KEM CAST and re-seal v1.26.0

[FiloSottile]

Unfortunately, we need to re-seal FIPS 140-3 Cryptographic Module v1.26.0 for CL 822805, like we did for v1.0.0 in #74947.

It requires

• landing CL 822805 on master
• backporting to release-branch.go1.26
• re-sealing the fips140 zip file based on the new release-branch.go1.26
• updating the SP
• landing the new zip file on master
• backporting the zip file to Go 1.26 and Go 1.27

[FiloSottile]

@gopherbot please open an issue to backport CL 822805, to make a new FIPS 140-3 module zip file.

[gopherbot]

Backport issue(s) opened: #81251 (for 1.26), #81252 (for 1.27).

Remember to create the cherry-pick CL(s) as soon as the patch is submitted to master, according to https://go.dev/wiki/MinorReleases.

[gopherbot]

Change https://go.dev/cl/824884 mentions this issue: [release-branch.go1.26] crypto/mlkem: fix FIPS 130-3 CAST

[gopherbot]

Change https://go.dev/cl/824904 mentions this issue: [release-branch.go1.27] crypto/mlkem: fix FIPS 130-3 CAST

[gopherbot]

Change https://go.dev/cl/826344 mentions this issue: lib/fips140: re-seal v1.26.0