Given a disfluent sentence, modify the sentence to it to its equivalent fluent form, preserving the meaning of the sentence.

Q: What is offered by the metaphysical or rather conceptual definition of pushes and pulls?

A: The conceptual definition of pushes and pulls are offered by what?
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Q: David Castlles-Quintana and Vicente Royuela do what for a hobby or I mean living?

A: What do David Castlles-Quintana and Vicente Royuela do for a living?
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Q: Who has the ability to alter income tax in Scotland by up to 33 pence or rather who does not have this ability?

A:
Who does not have the ability to alter income tax in Scotland?
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