Given a disfluent sentence, modify the sentence to it to its equivalent fluent form, preserving the meaning of the sentence.

[EX Q]: What did the American Philosophical Society do with the memoir what did they produce in 1809?
[EX A]: What did the American Philosophical Society produce in 1809?

[EX Q]: What all is balanced in an open system of particles no sorry what is internally missing from this system?
[EX A]: In an open system of particles, there are no internal what?

[EX Q]: In the NY Times, the that's not it at Harvard before 2008, how many classes outside of their concentration were full time undergraduate students required to complete?
[EX A]:
Between 1978 an d2008 four year full time undergraduate students were required to complete how many classes outside of their concentration?