Given a disfluent sentence, modify the sentence to it to its equivalent fluent form, preserving the meaning of the sentence.

How is no no um what is the stage 1 in the life of a bill?
What is stage 1 in the life of a bill?

What do structural geologists do with informationum uh measurements of fabric in crystals?
What do structural geologists do with measurements of fabric in crystals?

What is the Grand Canyon I mean Hawaii made of that has existed since Cambrian time?
What is Hawaii made of that has existed since Cambrian time?