Given a disfluent sentence, modify the sentence to it to its equivalent fluent form, preserving the meaning of the sentence.

Input: Consider Input: What policy um I mean when did the Spanish and Portuguese colonies gain their independance

Output: When did the Spanish and Portuguese colonies gain their independance.


Input: Consider Input: When was the plague no who fought in the great Northern war?

Output: Who fought in the great Northern war?


Input: Consider Input: the modern name for this system made no no no credited to Who?
Output: Who is credited with the modern name for this system