Given a disfluent sentence, modify the sentence to it to its equivalent fluent form, preserving the meaning of the sentence.

[Q]: What was developed in the summer of 1962 no um 1961?
[A]: What was developed in the summer of 1961?


[Q]: When was no in what year did the Tudor era begin in England?
[A]: In what year did the Tudor era begin in England?


[Q]: What is the, no, how many research centers does the university run on campus?
[A]:
How many research centers does the university run on campus?