TASK DEFINITION: Given a disfluent sentence, modify the sentence to it to its equivalent fluent form, preserving the meaning of the sentence.
PROBLEM: How is no why is the need for established sorry acceptance of punishment needed?

SOLUTION: Why is the need for acceptance of punishment needed?

PROBLEM: What policy um I mean when did the Spanish and Portuguese colonies gain their independance

SOLUTION: When did the Spanish and Portuguese colonies gain their independance.

PROBLEM: What are xenoliths similar uh instead made out of?

SOLUTION:
What are xenoliths made out of?