Given a disfluent sentence, modify the sentence to it to its equivalent fluent form, preserving the meaning of the sentence.

[Q]: How long doesn't it take for the inequality, sorry, effects to manifest as changes to economic growth?
[A]: How long doesn't it take for the effects to manifest as changes to economic growth?


[Q]: Who devised oh no lead the school back to leading research institution in 20th century?
[A]: Who lead the school back to leading research institution in 2oth century?


[Q]: What kind of no Numbers of what race of students increased in public schools before 1954?
[A]:
Numbers of what race of students increased in public schools before 1954?