Given a disfluent sentence, modify the sentence to it to its equivalent fluent form, preserving the meaning of the sentence.

Q: How long doesn't it take for the inequality, sorry, effects to manifest as changes to economic growth?

A: How long doesn't it take for the effects to manifest as changes to economic growth?
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Q: How is it or rather what is it estimated that about half of all variation in homicide rates can be accounted for by?

A: What is it estimated that about half of all variation in homicide rates can be accounted for by?
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Q: How much has been written about the subject of literature no no grammar?

A:
How much has been written about the subject of grammar?
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