Given a disfluent sentence, modify the sentence to it to its equivalent fluent form, preserving the meaning of the sentence.

Input: Consider Input: Besides the North Sea and the Irish Channel, which direction did the Rhine flow during the last cold phase no what else was lowered in the last cold phase?

Output: Besides the North Sea and the Irish Channel, what else was lowered in the last cold phase?


Input: Consider Input: Circuit switching charges a fee for communication no no um transferring what kind of information?

Output: Circuit switching charges a fee for transferring what kind of information?


Input: Consider Input: What has the U of C maintained since 1983 no since 1938?
Output: What has the U of C maintained since 1938?